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<li id="toc-Origins" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Origins"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Origins</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Origins-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Growth_of_syndicalism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Growth_of_syndicalism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Growth of syndicalism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Growth_of_syndicalism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Development_of_anarcho-syndicalism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Development_of_anarcho-syndicalism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Development of anarcho-syndicalism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Development_of_anarcho-syndicalism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-War_and_Revolution" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#War_and_Revolution"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>War and Revolution</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-War_and_Revolution-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Apex" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Apex"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>Apex</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Apex-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Post-war_decline" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Post-war_decline"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.6</span> <span>Post-war decline</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Post-war_decline-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Contemporary_revival" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Contemporary_revival"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.7</span> <span>Contemporary revival</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Contemporary_revival-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Theory" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Theory"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Theory</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Theory-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Theory subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Theory-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Anti-politics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Anti-politics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Anti-politics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Anti-politics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Trade_unionism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Trade_unionism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Trade unionism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Trade_unionism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Federalism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Federalism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Federalism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Federalism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Practice" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Practice"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Practice</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Practice-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Anarcho-syndicalism</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 51 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-51" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">51 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anarchosyndikalismus" title="Anarchosyndikalismus – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Anarchosyndikalismus" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%B7%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="النقابية-اللاسلطوية – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="النقابية-اللاسلطوية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anarcosindicalismo" title="Anarcosindicalismo – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Anarcosindicalismo" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anarcosindicalismu" title="Anarcosindicalismu – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Anarcosindicalismu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anarxo-sindikalizm" title="Anarxo-sindikalizm – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Anarxo-sindikalizm" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%BB-ch%C3%A8ng-h%C3%BA_kang-tho%C3%A2n-ch%C3%BA-g%C4%AB" title="Bû-chèng-hú kang-thoân-chú-gī – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Bû-chèng-hú kang-thoân-chú-gī" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%85%D0%B0-%D1%81%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Анарха-сіндыкалізм – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Анарха-сіндыкалізм" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%85%D0%BE-%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D1%8A%D0%BC" title="Анархо-синдикализъм – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Анархо-синдикализъм" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anarcosindicalisme" title="Anarcosindicalisme – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Anarcosindicalisme" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anarchosyndikalismus" title="Anarchosyndikalismus – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Anarchosyndikalismus" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anarchosyndikalismus" title="Anarchosyndikalismus – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Anarchosyndikalismus" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anarhos%C3%BCndikalism" title="Anarhosündikalism – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Anarhosündikalism" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91%CE%BD%CE%B1%CF%81%CF%87%CE%BF%CF%83%CF%85%CE%BD%CE%B4%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%B1%CE%BB%CE%B9%CF%83%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%82" title="Αναρχοσυνδικαλισμός – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Αναρχοσυνδικαλισμός" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anarcosindicalismo" title="Anarcosindicalismo – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Anarcosindicalismo" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anarki-sindikatismo" title="Anarki-sindikatismo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Anarki-sindikatismo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anarkosindikalismo" title="Anarkosindikalismo – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Anarkosindikalismo" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B1%DA%A9%D9%88-%D8%B3%D9%86%D8%AF%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%B3%D9%85" title="آنارکو-سندیکالیسم – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="آنارکو-سندیکالیسم" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anarcho-syndicalisme" title="Anarcho-syndicalisme – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Anarcho-syndicalisme" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anarcosindicalismo" title="Anarcosindicalismo – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Anarcosindicalismo" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%95%84%EB%82%98%EB%A5%B4%EC%BD%94%EC%83%9D%EB%94%94%EC%B9%BC%EB%A6%AC%EC%8A%B4" title="아나르코생디칼리슴 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="아나르코생디칼리슴" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D5%B6%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%AD%D5%B8%D5%BD%D5%AB%D5%B6%D5%A4%D5%AB%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%AC%D5%AB%D5%A6%D5%B4" title="Անարխոսինդիկալիզմ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Անարխոսինդիկալիզմ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anarko-Sindikalisme" title="Anarko-Sindikalisme – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Anarko-Sindikalisme" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stj%C3%B3rnleysis-samtakahyggja" title="Stjórnleysis-samtakahyggja – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Stjórnleysis-samtakahyggja" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anarco-sindacalismo" title="Anarco-sindacalismo – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Anarco-sindacalismo" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%A8%D7%9B%D7%95-%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%93%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%96%D7%9D" title="אנרכו-סינדיקליזם – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אנרכו-סינדיקליזם" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A5%E1%83%9D-%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%93%E1%83%98%E1%83%99%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%96%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98" title="ანარქო-სინდიკალიზმი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ანარქო-სინდიკალიზმი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anarcho-syndicalismus" title="Anarcho-syndicalismus – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Anarcho-syndicalismus" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anarhosindik%C4%81lisms" title="Anarhosindikālisms – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Anarhosindikālisms" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anarchosindikalizmas" title="Anarchosindikalizmas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Anarchosindikalizmas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anarchoszindikalizmus" title="Anarchoszindikalizmus – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Anarchoszindikalizmus" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%85%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Анархосиндикализам – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Анархосиндикализам" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anarchosyndicalisme" title="Anarchosyndicalisme – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Anarchosyndicalisme" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%83%8A%E3%83%AB%E3%82%B3%E3%82%B5%E3%83%B3%E3%83%87%E3%82%A3%E3%82%AB%E3%83%AA%E3%82%B9%E3%83%A0" title="アナルコサンディカリスム – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="アナルコサンディカリスム" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anarkosyndikalisme" title="Anarkosyndikalisme – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Anarkosyndikalisme" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anarkosyndikalisme" title="Anarkosyndikalisme – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Anarkosyndikalisme" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz 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.sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks plainlist"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Anarcho-syndicalism" title="Category:Anarcho-syndicalism">a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="padding-bottom: 0; font-size: 175%;"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Anarcho-syndicalism</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Anarchist_symbolism#Black_cat" title="Anarchist symbolism"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Anarchist_black_cat.svg/100px-Anarchist_black_cat.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Anarchist_black_cat.svg/150px-Anarchist_black_cat.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Anarchist_black_cat.svg/200px-Anarchist_black_cat.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Theory</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="padding-top:0;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-authoritarianism" title="Anti-authoritarianism">Anti-authoritarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-capitalism" title="Anti-capitalism">Anti-capitalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-militarism" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-militarism">Anti-militarism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-politics" title="Anti-politics">Anti-politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Class_conflict" title="Class conflict">Class conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federalism" title="Federalism">Federalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Industrial_democracy" title="Industrial democracy">Industrial democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Industrial_unionism" title="Industrial unionism">Industrial unionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prefigurative_politics" title="Prefigurative politics">Prefigurative politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Workers%27_control" title="Workers' control">Workers' control</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Workers%27_self-management" title="Workers' self-management">Workers' self-management</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Practice</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="padding-top:0;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boycott" title="Boycott">Boycott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Direct_action" title="Direct action">Direct action</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Industrial_action" title="Industrial action">Industrial action</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sabotage" title="Sabotage">Sabotage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solidarity_action" title="Solidarity action">Solidarity action</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strike_action" title="Strike action">Strike action</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/General_strike" title="General strike">General strike</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trade_union" title="Trade union">Trade unionism</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">People</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="padding-top:0;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Francisco_Ascaso" title="Francisco Ascaso">Ascaso F.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joaqu%C3%ADn_Ascaso" title="Joaquín Ascaso">Ascaso J.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Besnard" title="Pierre Besnard">Besnard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Camus" title="Albert Camus">Camus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noam_Chomsky" title="Noam Chomsky">Chomsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sam_Dolgoff" title="Sam Dolgoff">Dolgoff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juan_Garc%C3%ADa_Oliver" title="Juan García Oliver">García Oliver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Britta_Gr%C3%B6ndahl" title="Britta Gröndahl">Gröndahl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaston_Leval" title="Gaston Leval">Leval</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fritz_Kater" title="Fritz Kater">Kater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fritz_K%C3%B6ster" title="Fritz Köster">Köster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sam_Mainwaring" title="Sam Mainwaring">Mainwaring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grigorii_Maksimov" title="Grigorii Maksimov">Maksimov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Meltzer" title="Albert Meltzer">Meltzer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valeriano_Orob%C3%B3n_Fern%C3%A1ndez" title="Valeriano Orobón Fernández">Orobón</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joan_Peir%C3%B3" title="Joan Peiró">Peiró</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Pellicer_Gand%C3%ADa" title="José Pellicer Gandía">Gandía</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniil_Novomirskii" title="Daniil Novomirskii">Novomirskii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fernand_Pelloutier" title="Fernand Pelloutier">Pelloutier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%81ngel_Pesta%C3%B1a" title="Ángel Pestaña">Pestaña</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stepan_Petrichenko" title="Stepan Petrichenko">Petrichenko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89mile_Pouget" title="Émile Pouget">Pouget</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudolf_Rocker" title="Rudolf Rocker">Rocker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helmut_R%C3%BCdiger" title="Helmut Rüdiger">Rüdiger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diego_Abad_de_Santill%C3%A1n" title="Diego Abad de Santillán">Santillán</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Schapiro" title="Alexander Schapiro">Schapiro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salvador_Segu%C3%AD" title="Salvador Seguí">Seguí</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonio_Soto_(syndicalist)" title="Antonio Soto (syndicalist)">Soto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augustin_Souchy" title="Augustin Souchy">Souchy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milly_Witkop" title="Milly Witkop">Witkop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Efim_Yarchuk" title="Efim Yarchuk">Yarchuk</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Organizations</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="padding-top:0;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asociaci%C3%B3n_Continental_Americana_de_Trabajadores" title="Asociación Continental Americana de Trabajadores">Asociación Continental Americana de Trabajadores</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Confederation_of_Labour_(Spain)" title="General Confederation of Labour (Spain)">Confederacion General del Trabajo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Confederation_of_Labour_(France)#1895–1914:_Anarcho-syndicalism" title="General Confederation of Labour (France)">Confédération Générale du Travail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conf%C3%A9d%C3%A9ration_G%C3%A9n%C3%A9rale_du_Travail-Syndicaliste_R%C3%A9volutionnaire" title="Confédération Générale du Travail-Syndicaliste Révolutionnaire">Confédération Générale du Travail-Syndicaliste Révolutionnaire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confederaci%C3%B3n_Nacional_del_Trabajo" title="Confederación Nacional del Trabajo">Confederación Nacional del Trabajo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conf%C3%A9d%C3%A9ration_nationale_du_travail" title="Confédération nationale du travail">Confédération nationale du travail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_Workers%27_Union" title="Free Workers' Union">Free Workers' Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_Workers%27_Union_of_Germany" title="Free Workers' Union of Germany">Free Workers' Union of Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IWA%E2%80%93AIT" title="IWA–AIT">International Workers' Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norsk_Syndikalistisk_Forbund" title="Norsk Syndikalistisk Forbund">Norsk Syndikalistisk Forbund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solidarity_Federation" title="Solidarity Federation">Solidarity Federation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SAC_Syndikalisterna" title="SAC Syndikalisterna">SAC Syndikalisterna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swedish_Anarcho-syndicalist_Youth_Federation" title="Swedish Anarcho-syndicalist Youth Federation">Swedish Anarcho-syndicalist Youth Federation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unione_Sindacale_Italiana" title="Unione Sindacale Italiana">Unione Sindacale Italiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_of_Russian_Workers" title="Union of Russian Workers">Union of Russian Workers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Workers%27_Initiative" title="Workers' Initiative">Workers' Initiative</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Related topics</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="padding-top:0;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anarchist_communism" title="Anarchist communism">Anarchist communism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collectivist_anarchism" title="Collectivist anarchism">Collectivist anarchism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_communism" title="Council communism">Council communism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/De_Leonism" title="De Leonism">De Leonism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_socialism" title="Libertarian socialism">Libertarian socialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mutualism_(economic_theory)" title="Mutualism (economic theory)">Mutualism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neozapatismo" title="Neozapatismo">Neozapatismo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Participatory_economics" title="Participatory economics">Participatory economics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Platformism" title="Platformism">Platformism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sorelianism" title="Sorelianism">Sorelianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Synthesis_anarchism" title="Synthesis anarchism">Synthesis anarchism</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/BlackFlagSymbol.svg/16px-BlackFlagSymbol.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/BlackFlagSymbol.svg/24px-BlackFlagSymbol.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/BlackFlagSymbol.svg/32px-BlackFlagSymbol.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="456" data-file-height="456" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Anarchism" title="Portal:Anarchism">Anarchism portal</a></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Red_flag_II.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Red_flag_II.svg/16px-Red_flag_II.svg.png" 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abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Anarcho-syndicalism_sidebar" title="Template:Anarcho-syndicalism sidebar"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Anarcho-syndicalism_sidebar" title="Template talk:Anarcho-syndicalism sidebar"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Anarcho-syndicalism_sidebar" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Anarcho-syndicalism sidebar"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Anarcho-syndicalism</b> is an <a href="/wiki/Anarchism" title="Anarchism">anarchist</a> organisational model that centres <a href="/wiki/Trade_union" title="Trade union">trade unions</a> as a vehicle for <a href="/wiki/Class_conflict" title="Class conflict">class conflict</a>. Drawing from the theory of <a href="/wiki/Libertarian_socialism" title="Libertarian socialism">libertarian socialism</a> and the practice of <a href="/wiki/Syndicalism" title="Syndicalism">syndicalism</a>, anarcho-syndicalism sees trade unions as both a means to achieve immediate improvements to working conditions and to build towards a <a href="/wiki/Social_revolution" title="Social revolution">social revolution</a> in the form of a <a href="/wiki/General_strike" title="General strike">general strike</a>, with the ultimate aim of abolishing the <a href="/wiki/State_(polity)" title="State (polity)">state</a> and <a href="/wiki/Capitalism" title="Capitalism">capitalism</a>. Anarcho-syndicalists consider trade unions to be the <a href="/wiki/Prefigurative_politics" title="Prefigurative politics">prefiguration</a> of a <a href="/wiki/Post-capitalism" title="Post-capitalism">post-capitalist society</a> and seek to use them in order to establish <a href="/wiki/Workers%27_control" title="Workers' control">workers' control</a> of <a href="/wiki/Production_(economics)" title="Production (economics)">production</a> and <a href="/wiki/Distribution_(economics)" title="Distribution (economics)">distribution</a>. An <a href="/wiki/Anti-politics" title="Anti-politics">anti-political</a> ideology, anarcho-syndicalism rejects <a href="/wiki/Political_party" title="Political party">political parties</a> and participation in <a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_system" title="Parliamentary system">parliamentary politics</a>, considering them to be a corrupting influence on the <a href="/wiki/Labour_movement" title="Labour movement">labour movement</a>. In order to achieve their material and economic goals, anarcho-syndicalists instead practice <a href="/wiki/Direct_action" title="Direct action">direct action</a> in the form of <a href="/wiki/Strike_action" title="Strike action">strike actions</a>, <a href="/wiki/Boycott" title="Boycott">boycotts</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sabotage" title="Sabotage">sabotage</a>. Anarcho-syndicalists also attempt to build <a href="/wiki/Solidarity" title="Solidarity">solidarity</a> among the <a href="/wiki/Working_class" title="Working class">working class</a>, in order to unite workers against the <a href="/wiki/Exploitation_of_labour" title="Exploitation of labour">exploitation of labour</a> and build <a href="/wiki/Workers%27_self-management" title="Workers' self-management">workers' self-management</a>. </p><p>The foundations of anarcho-syndicalism were laid by the anti-authoritarian faction of the <a href="/wiki/International_Workingmen%27s_Association" title="International Workingmen's Association">International Workingmen's Association</a> (IWMA) and developed by the French <a href="/wiki/General_Confederation_of_Labour_(France)" title="General Confederation of Labour (France)">General Confederation of Labour</a> (CGT). Anarcho-syndicalism was constituted as a specific tendency following the <a href="/wiki/International_Anarchist_Congress_of_Amsterdam" title="International Anarchist Congress of Amsterdam">International Anarchist Congress of Amsterdam</a>, which led to anarcho-syndicalism becoming the dominant form of trade union organisation in <a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europe</a> and <a href="/wiki/Latin_America" title="Latin America">Latin America</a>. After facing suppression during the <a href="/wiki/Revolutions_of_1917%E2%80%931923" title="Revolutions of 1917–1923">Revolutions of 1917–1923</a>, anarcho-syndicalists established the <a href="/wiki/IWA%E2%80%93AIT" title="IWA–AIT">International Workers' Association</a> (IWA). Anarcho-syndicalism reached its apex during the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Revolution_of_1936" title="Spanish Revolution of 1936">Spanish Revolution of 1936</a>, when the <a href="/wiki/Confederaci%C3%B3n_Nacional_del_Trabajo" title="Confederación Nacional del Trabajo">National Confederation of Labour</a> (CNT) established an anarcho-syndicalist economy throughout much of the <a href="/wiki/Second_Spanish_Republic" title="Second Spanish Republic">Spanish Republic</a>. Anarcho-syndicalism went into decline after the defeat of the anarchists in the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Civil_War" title="Spanish Civil War">Spanish Civil War</a>. The movement split into two factions: the "orthodox" faction, which held to traditional syndicalist principles in spite of changing material conditions; and the "revisionist" faction, which aimed to achieve a <a href="/wiki/Political_movement#Mass_movements" title="Political movement">mass base</a> and work within the framework of newly-established <a href="/wiki/Welfare_state" title="Welfare state">welfare states</a>. By the end of the 20th century, the rise of <a href="/wiki/Neoliberalism" title="Neoliberalism">neoliberalism</a> and the collapse of the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Bloc" title="Eastern Bloc">Eastern Bloc</a> had led to a revival in anarcho-syndicalism, with syndicalist unions once again being established throughout the globe. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anarcho-syndicalism&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/History_of_anarcho-syndicalism" title="History of anarcho-syndicalism">History of anarcho-syndicalism</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Origins">Origins</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anarcho-syndicalism&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Origins"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The history of anarcho-syndicalism can be traced back to the <a href="/wiki/Anarchist_St._Imier_International" class="mw-redirect" title="Anarchist St. Imier International">anarchist faction</a> of the <a href="/wiki/International_Workingmen%27s_Association" title="International Workingmen's Association">International Workingmen's Association</a> (IWA), which called for <a href="/wiki/Trade_union" title="Trade union">trade unions</a> to overthrow the <a href="/wiki/State_(polity)" title="State (polity)">state</a> in a <a href="/wiki/General_strike" title="General strike">general strike</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDamier20095Hirschvan_der_Walt2010axxxvi–xxxviiThorpe19892–14van_der_WaltSchmidt2009153–155_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDamier20095Hirschvan_der_Walt2010axxxvi–xxxviiThorpe19892–14van_der_WaltSchmidt2009153–155-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This syndicalist model of trade union organisation was adopted by anarchists in <a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Spain" title="Anarchism in Spain">Spain</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Cuba" title="Anarchism in Cuba">Cuba</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Mexico" title="Anarchism in Mexico">Mexico</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_the_United_States" title="Anarchism in the United States">United States</a>, where syndicalism became the dominant organisational form.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEvan_der_WaltSchmidt2009155–157_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEvan_der_WaltSchmidt2009155–157-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Elsewhere, the development of <a href="/wiki/Reformism" title="Reformism">reformist tendencies</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Social_democracy" title="Social democracy">social democracy</a> sidelined anarchists within trade unions.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDamier20095–7van_der_WaltSchmidt2009157–158_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDamier20095–7van_der_WaltSchmidt2009157–158-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> But tensions between rank-and-file trade unionists and their social-democratic leadership eventually gave way to the development of <a href="/wiki/Syndicalism" title="Syndicalism">revolutionary syndicalism</a>, which called for workers themselves to take <a href="/wiki/Direct_action" title="Direct action">direct action</a> in order to improve their own material conditions.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDamier20097_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDamier20097-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Growth_of_syndicalism">Growth of syndicalism</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anarcho-syndicalism&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Growth of syndicalism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Troyes_boursedutravail_interieur1900.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/65/Troyes_boursedutravail_interieur1900.jpg/220px-Troyes_boursedutravail_interieur1900.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/65/Troyes_boursedutravail_interieur1900.jpg/330px-Troyes_boursedutravail_interieur1900.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/65/Troyes_boursedutravail_interieur1900.jpg/440px-Troyes_boursedutravail_interieur1900.jpg 2x" data-file-width="599" data-file-height="389" /></a><figcaption>A women's convention at the <i><a href="/wiki/Bourse_du_Travail" title="Bourse du Travail">Bourse du Travail</a></i> in <a href="/wiki/Troyes" title="Troyes">Troyes</a>, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1900</span></figcaption></figure> <p>Revolutionary syndicalism was first propagated in <a href="/wiki/French_Third_Republic" title="French Third Republic">France</a>, where the <i><a href="/wiki/Bourse_du_Travail" title="Bourse du Travail">Bourses du Travail</a></i> (English: <span lang="en">Labour Exchanges</span>) were established to provide <a href="/wiki/Mutual_aid_(organization_theory)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mutual aid (organization theory)">mutual aid</a> to workers and organise strike actions.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDamier200913–14Rocker1989132–134_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDamier200913–14Rocker1989132–134-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By the 20th century, the <i>bourses</i> had joined together to establish the <a href="/wiki/General_Confederation_of_Labour_(France)" title="General Confederation of Labour (France)">General Confederation of Labour</a> (CGT),<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDamier200915–16Rocker1989132–133Thorpe198925_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDamier200915–16Rocker1989132–133Thorpe198925-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which rose to include 60% of French workers within its ranks.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDamier200915–16Thorpe198926_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDamier200915–16Thorpe198926-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> But after the CGT launched a general strike, which won French workers the <a href="/wiki/Eight-hour_day" class="mw-redirect" title="Eight-hour day">eight-hour day</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Workweek_and_weekend" title="Workweek and weekend">weekend</a>, the union turned away from revolutionary syndicalism towards reformism.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDamier200916–17_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDamier200916–17-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, by this time, revolutionary syndicalism had already spread throughout Europe, with syndicalist unions being established in the <a href="/wiki/National_Labor_Secretariat" title="National Labor Secretariat">Netherlands</a>, <a href="/wiki/Unione_Sindacale_Italiana" title="Unione Sindacale Italiana">Italy</a>, <a href="/wiki/National_Workers%27_Union_(Portugal)" title="National Workers' Union (Portugal)">Portugal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Free_Association_of_German_Trade_Unions" title="Free Association of German Trade Unions">Germany</a> and <a href="/wiki/SAC_Syndikalisterna" title="SAC Syndikalisterna">Sweden</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDamier200917–20Thorpe198938–48_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDamier200917–20Thorpe198938–48-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The concurrent development of <a href="/wiki/Industrial_unionism" title="Industrial unionism">industrial unionism</a> led to the establishment of the <a href="/wiki/Industrial_Workers_of_the_World" title="Industrial Workers of the World">Industrial Workers of the World</a> (IWW) in countries throughout the <a href="/wiki/English-speaking_world" title="English-speaking world">English-speaking world</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDamier200920–22Rocker1989135–137_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDamier200920–22Rocker1989135–137-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By the 1910s, syndicalism had spread throughout every country in Europe and anarchist tendencies started to develop within the movement.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDamier200922_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDamier200922-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Development_of_anarcho-syndicalism">Development of anarcho-syndicalism</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anarcho-syndicalism&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Development of anarcho-syndicalism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:FORA_Demonstration.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/FORA_Demonstration.jpg/220px-FORA_Demonstration.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/FORA_Demonstration.jpg/330px-FORA_Demonstration.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/FORA_Demonstration.jpg/440px-FORA_Demonstration.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2585" data-file-height="1940" /></a><figcaption>Demonstration by the <a href="/wiki/Argentine_Regional_Workers%27_Federation" title="Argentine Regional Workers' Federation">Argentine Regional Workers' Federation</a> (FORA) in 1915</figcaption></figure> <p>Although anarchists widely participated in the syndicalist movement, syndicalists were divided into separate tendencies, many of which rejected the ideological prescriptions of anarchism.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDamier200924–30_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDamier200924–30-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At the <a href="/wiki/International_Anarchist_Congress_of_Amsterdam" title="International Anarchist Congress of Amsterdam">International Anarchist Congress of Amsterdam</a>, convened by the anarcho-syndicalist <a href="/wiki/Christiaan_Cornelissen" title="Christiaan Cornelissen">Christiaan Cornelissen</a> in 1907, a conflict between the two tendencies broke out; while the syndicalist <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Monatte" title="Pierre Monatte">Pierre Monatte</a> and the anarchist <a href="/wiki/Errico_Malatesta" title="Errico Malatesta">Errico Malatesta</a> debated their respective ideologies, <a href="/wiki/Am%C3%A9d%C3%A9e_Dunois" title="Amédée Dunois">Amédée Dunois</a> attempted to synthesise the two into a "workers' anarchism".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDamier200930–32Thorpe198931–32_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDamier200930–32Thorpe198931–32-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Anarcho-syndicalism soon became the dominant form of trade union organisation in <a href="/wiki/Confederaci%C3%B3n_Nacional_del_Trabajo" title="Confederación Nacional del Trabajo">Spain</a>, <a href="/wiki/Argentine_Regional_Workers%27_Federation" title="Argentine Regional Workers' Federation">Argentina</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brazilian_Workers%27_Confederation" title="Brazilian Workers' Confederation">Brazil</a>, <a href="/wiki/Casa_del_Obrero_Mundial" title="Casa del Obrero Mundial">Mexico</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paraguayan_Regional_Workers%27_Federation" title="Paraguayan Regional Workers' Federation">Paraguay</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Uruguayan_Regional_Workers%27_Federation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Uruguayan Regional Workers' Federation (page does not exist)">Uruguay</a> and many other Latin American countries, where anarcho-syndicalists organised a series of general strikes for the eight-hour day.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDamier200933–37_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDamier200933–37-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Attempts to establish international links between these anarcho-syndicalist organisations culminated in the convocation of a revolutionary syndicalist congress in 1913, although further movements towards the creation of an international organisation were halted by the outbreak of world war.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDamier200937–41Thorpe198931–83_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDamier200937–41Thorpe198931–83-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="War_and_Revolution">War and Revolution</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anarcho-syndicalism&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: War and Revolution"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Obreros_Patagonia_Rebelde_Identificados.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Obreros_Patagonia_Rebelde_Identificados.jpg/220px-Obreros_Patagonia_Rebelde_Identificados.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="107" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Obreros_Patagonia_Rebelde_Identificados.jpg/330px-Obreros_Patagonia_Rebelde_Identificados.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Obreros_Patagonia_Rebelde_Identificados.jpg/440px-Obreros_Patagonia_Rebelde_Identificados.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1908" data-file-height="925" /></a><figcaption>Arrested anarcho-syndicalist workers, following the <a href="/wiki/Patagonia_Rebelde" title="Patagonia Rebelde">Patagonia Rebellion</a>, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1920</span></figcaption></figure> <p>The outbreak of <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a> split anarcho-syndicalists into <a href="/wiki/Internationalist%E2%80%93defencist_schism" title="Internationalist–defencist schism">internationalist and defencist camps</a>; the former declared themselves against both sides of the war, while the latter supported the <a href="/wiki/Allies_of_World_War_I" title="Allies of World War I">Allies</a> against the <a href="/wiki/Central_Powers" title="Central Powers">Central Powers</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDamier200942Thorpe198988–90_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDamier200942Thorpe198988–90-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The conflict ultimately demonstrated the inability of the international syndicalist movement to prevent war and discredited "neutral syndicalism" in the eyes of many workers, causing revolutionary sentiments to once again begin rising within the workers' movement.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDamier200946_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDamier200946-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When the <a href="/wiki/Revolutions_of_1917%E2%80%931923" title="Revolutions of 1917–1923">Revolutions of 1917–1923</a> spread throughout Europe, anarcho-syndicalists became keen participants in the revolutionary wave, during which they faced rising political repression.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDamier200946–47Thorpe1989106–116_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDamier200946–47Thorpe1989106–116-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Anarcho-syndicalists in Europe, Latin America and Asia organised general strikes, sometimes reaching revolutionary proportions, but were ultimately suppressed by nationalist or communist dictatorships.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDamier200947–63_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDamier200947–63-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Apex">Apex</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anarcho-syndicalism&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Apex"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Militiawoman_on_the_barricade.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Militiawoman_on_the_barricade.jpg/220px-Militiawoman_on_the_barricade.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Militiawoman_on_the_barricade.jpg/330px-Militiawoman_on_the_barricade.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Militiawoman_on_the_barricade.jpg/440px-Militiawoman_on_the_barricade.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1406" data-file-height="1406" /></a><figcaption>An anarchist militiawoman on a barricade during the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Revolution_of_1936" title="Spanish Revolution of 1936">Spanish Revolution of 1936</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Following the suppression of their movements and the rising influence of <a href="/wiki/Marxism-Leninism" class="mw-redirect" title="Marxism-Leninism">Marxism-Leninism</a> throughout the world, anarcho-syndicalists moved to establish their own international organisation: the <a href="/wiki/IWA-AIT" class="mw-redirect" title="IWA-AIT">International Workers' Association</a> (IWA).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDamier200964–93_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDamier200964–93-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Theoretical discussions within the IWA led to debates on the issues of <a href="/wiki/Platformism" title="Platformism">platformism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Insurrectionary_anarchism" title="Insurrectionary anarchism">insurrectionism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Industrialisation" title="Industrialisation">industrialism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Reformism#Socialism" title="Reformism">reformism</a>, while the Spanish <a href="/wiki/Confederaci%C3%B3n_Nacional_del_Trabajo" title="Confederación Nacional del Trabajo">National Confederation of Labour</a> (CNT) rose to prominence in the <a href="/wiki/Second_Spanish_Republic" title="Second Spanish Republic">Spanish Republic</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDamier200994–118_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDamier200994–118-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> With the outbreak of the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Civil_War" title="Spanish Civil War">Spanish Civil War</a>, the CNT led the defeat of the <a href="/wiki/Nationalist_faction_(Spanish_Civil_War)" title="Nationalist faction (Spanish Civil War)">Nationalists</a> in <a href="/wiki/Revolutionary_Catalonia" title="Revolutionary Catalonia">Catalonia</a>, where they ignited an <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Revolution_of_1936" title="Spanish Revolution of 1936">anarcho-syndicalist revolution</a> that <a href="/wiki/Collective_ownership" title="Collective ownership">collectivised</a> three-quarters of the Republican economy. The CNT's decision to join the Republican government caused controversy within the IWA and the social revolution was eventually suppressed by the government. The Republicans ultimately lost the war and the Spanish anarcho-syndicalists were imprisoned, killed or forced into exile by the victorious <a href="/wiki/Francoist_Spain" title="Francoist Spain">Francoist dictatorship</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDamier2009119–184_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDamier2009119–184-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Post-war_decline">Post-war decline</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anarcho-syndicalism&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Post-war decline"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:SAC_1maj1991-Malm%C3%B6.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/SAC_1maj1991-Malm%C3%B6.jpg/220px-SAC_1maj1991-Malm%C3%B6.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/SAC_1maj1991-Malm%C3%B6.jpg/330px-SAC_1maj1991-Malm%C3%B6.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/SAC_1maj1991-Malm%C3%B6.jpg/440px-SAC_1maj1991-Malm%C3%B6.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1234" data-file-height="826" /></a><figcaption>Members of the <a href="/wiki/SAC_Syndikalisterna" title="SAC Syndikalisterna">Central Organisation of the Workers of Sweden</a> (SAC), marching on May Day in <a href="/wiki/Malm%C3%B6" title="Malmö">Malmö</a></figcaption></figure> <p>During <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, anarcho-syndicalists initially adopted an "internationalist" position, taking up the slogan "Neither Fascism, nor Antifascism." But following the <a href="/wiki/German-occupied_Europe" title="German-occupied Europe">Nazi occupation of Europe</a> and the subsequent suppression of their organisations, anarcho-syndicalists throughout Europe reorientated themselves towards <a href="/wiki/Anti-fascism" title="Anti-fascism">anti-fascism</a> and joined the <a href="/wiki/Resistance_during_World_War_II" title="Resistance during World War II">anti-fascist resistance</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDamier2009185–189_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDamier2009185–189-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After the war, anarcho-syndicalism experienced a rapid decline, as anarcho-syndicalist unions were either marginalised by rising <a href="/wiki/Social_corporatism" title="Social corporatism">social corporatism</a> or repressed by newly-established authoritarian states.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDamier2009191–193Hirschvan_der_Walt2010b402–403_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDamier2009191–193Hirschvan_der_Walt2010b402–403-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Anarcho-syndicalists proved unable to keep up with the changes in the post-war capitalist system, which hastened the decline of the anarcho-syndicalist movement and forced its organisations to choose between marginalisation, reform or dissolution.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDamier2009193–195_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDamier2009193–195-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Despite the economic changes, the IWA chose to reaffirm traditional anarcho-syndicalist principles, causing its Dutch and Swedish sections to split from it.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDamier2009195–196_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDamier2009195–196-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The SAC chose to revise its principles in order to adapt to the new <a href="/wiki/Welfare_in_Sweden" title="Welfare in Sweden">Swedish welfare state</a>, within which they aimed to establish <a href="/wiki/Workers%27_control" title="Workers' control">workers' control</a> over <a href="/wiki/Welfare" class="mw-redirect" title="Welfare">welfare</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Democratisation" class="mw-redirect" title="Democratisation">democratisation</a> of the economy.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDamier2009196–198_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDamier2009196–198-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The IWA declined to its lowest point during the 1960s, as its membership became increasingly preoccupied with theory.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDamier2009198–199_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDamier2009198–199-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Contemporary_revival">Contemporary revival</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anarcho-syndicalism&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Contemporary revival"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:CNT-1mayo2010.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/CNT-1mayo2010.jpg/220px-CNT-1mayo2010.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/CNT-1mayo2010.jpg/330px-CNT-1mayo2010.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/CNT-1mayo2010.jpg/440px-CNT-1mayo2010.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1333" /></a><figcaption>Members of the Spanish anarcho-syndicalist trade union CNT marching in Madrid in 2010</figcaption></figure> <p>The anarcho-syndicalist movement began to experience a revival in the wake of the <a href="/wiki/Protests_of_1968" title="Protests of 1968">protests of 1968</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_transition_to_democracy" title="Spanish transition to democracy">Spanish transition to democracy</a>. While the Spanish CNT experienced a rapid growth, new anarcho-syndicalist organisations were established throughout Europe.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDamier2009198–199Hirschvan_der_Walt2010b403–404_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDamier2009198–199Hirschvan_der_Walt2010b403–404-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As <a href="/wiki/Globalization" title="Globalization">globalisation</a> and <a href="/wiki/Neoliberalism" title="Neoliberalism">neoliberalism</a> led to the dismantling of welfare states in the West, while the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Bloc" title="Eastern Bloc">Eastern Bloc</a> collapsed, anarcho-syndicalists once again began to present <a href="/wiki/Libertarian_socialism" title="Libertarian socialism">libertarian socialism</a> as a necessary alternative to the state and capitalism.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDamier2009199–200Hirschvan_der_Walt2010b395,_407–408_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDamier2009199–200Hirschvan_der_Walt2010b395,_407–408-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By the turn of the 21st century, anarcho-syndicalism had experienced a resurgence, as anarcho-syndicalist organisations re-emerged throughout the globe. Existing anarcho-syndicalist unions once again began taking direct action and organising strikes, while new anarcho-syndicalist unions established large support bases and achieved social reforms.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDamier2009200–202Hirschvan_der_Walt2010b395–396_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDamier2009200–202Hirschvan_der_Walt2010b395–396-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Theory">Theory</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anarcho-syndicalism&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Theory"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Barcelonacntait_(110).JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Barcelonacntait_%28110%29.JPG/220px-Barcelonacntait_%28110%29.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Barcelonacntait_%28110%29.JPG/330px-Barcelonacntait_%28110%29.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Barcelonacntait_%28110%29.JPG/440px-Barcelonacntait_%28110%29.JPG 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="1280" /></a><figcaption>Offices of the <a href="/wiki/Confederaci%C3%B3n_Nacional_del_Trabajo" title="Confederación Nacional del Trabajo">National Confederation of Labour</a> (CNT) in Barcelona</figcaption></figure> <p>The political theory of anarcho-syndicalism is based on the foundations of <a href="/wiki/Libertarian_socialism" title="Libertarian socialism">libertarian socialism</a>, as formulated by the anti-authoritarian faction of the <a href="/wiki/International_Workingmen%27s_Association" title="International Workingmen's Association">International Workingmen's Association</a>, while its organisational forms were adopted from <a href="/wiki/Syndicalism" title="Syndicalism">revolutionary syndicalism</a>, which was first put into practice by the French labour movement in the early 20th century.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERocker198982_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERocker198982-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Anarcho-syndicalism is distinguished from other forms of syndicalism by its anarchist political philosophy, where other syndicalist tendencies distance themselves from anarchism or even deny any political alignment.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEvan_der_WaltSchmidt2009142_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEvan_der_WaltSchmidt2009142-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other varieties of syndicalism include: the "neutral" revolutionary syndicalism, which separates itself from other political theories;<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDamier200931–34,_46van_der_WaltSchmidt2009142–143_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDamier200931–34,_46van_der_WaltSchmidt2009142–143-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Daniel_De_Leon" title="Daniel De Leon">Daniel De Leon</a>'s <a href="/wiki/De_Leonism" title="De Leonism">conception of industrial unionism</a>, which infused it with a <a href="/wiki/Marxism" title="Marxism">Marxist</a> influence;<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERocker1989137van_der_WaltSchmidt2009143_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERocker1989137van_der_WaltSchmidt2009143-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and an <a href="/wiki/Authoritarian_socialism" title="Authoritarian socialism">authoritarian form</a> of syndicalism developed by <a href="/wiki/Georges_Sorel" title="Georges Sorel">Georges Sorel</a>, which advocates for <a href="/wiki/Vanguardism" title="Vanguardism">vanguardism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Myth" title="Myth">mythmaking</a> to drive the masses towards a general strike.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDamier200928_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDamier200928-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Anarcho-syndicalism also distinguishes itself from other forms of anarchism, due to its favourability towards <a href="/wiki/Industrialisation" title="Industrialisation">industrialisation</a> and organisation.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDamier200925–26_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDamier200925–26-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While other forms of anarchism reject <a href="/wiki/Centralisation#Centralisation_in_economy" title="Centralisation">economic centralisation</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Division_of_labour" title="Division of labour">division of labour</a>, considering the ideal of a <a href="/wiki/Stateless_society" title="Stateless society">stateless society</a> to be one of <a href="/wiki/Decentralisation" class="mw-redirect" title="Decentralisation">decentralised</a>, small-scale social units, anarcho-syndicalism foresees trade unions as taking over a large-scale and centralised industrial economy.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDamier200926_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDamier200926-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Anarcho-syndicalists believe that the establishment of a syndicalist system could lead to the <a href="/wiki/Withering_away_of_the_state" title="Withering away of the state">withering away of the state</a> and as such to <a href="/wiki/Anarchy" title="Anarchy">anarchy</a> and <a href="/wiki/Communism" title="Communism">communism</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDamier200926–27_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDamier200926–27-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some support the temporary establishment of a <a href="/wiki/Collectivist_anarchism" title="Collectivist anarchism">collectivist system</a> of distribution "<a href="/wiki/To_each_according_to_his_contribution" title="To each according to his contribution">to each according to their contribution</a>", until a state of <a href="/wiki/Post-scarcity" title="Post-scarcity">post-scarcity</a> is achieved, at which point it would give way to an <a href="/wiki/Anarchist_communism" title="Anarchist communism">anarchist communist</a> system of distribution "<a href="/wiki/From_each_according_to_his_ability,_to_each_according_to_his_needs" title="From each according to his ability, to each according to his needs">from each according to their ability, to each according to their needs</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDamier200927–28_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDamier200927–28-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the contemporary period, anarcho-syndicalism is divided into two main factions: the "orthodox" faction, which rejects any <a href="/wiki/Diversity_of_tactics" title="Diversity of tactics">diversity of tactics</a> or <a href="/wiki/Collaboration" title="Collaboration">collaboration</a> with statist forces, in favour of waiting for the right conditions for a <a href="/wiki/Revolutionary_situation" title="Revolutionary situation">revolutionary situation</a>; and the "revisionist" faction, which is open to participation in systems of <a href="/wiki/Social_welfare" class="mw-redirect" title="Social welfare">social welfare</a> and pursues <a href="/wiki/Gradualism" title="Gradualism">gradual reforms</a> towards the <a href="/wiki/Democratization" title="Democratization">democratisation</a> of the economy.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDamier2009194–197_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDamier2009194–197-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Anti-politics">Anti-politics</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anarcho-syndicalism&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Anti-politics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Anarcho-syndicalism is an <a href="/wiki/Apoliticism" title="Apoliticism">apolitical</a> or <a href="/wiki/Anti-politics" title="Anti-politics">anti-political</a> ideology,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEvan_der_WaltSchmidt2009142–143_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEvan_der_WaltSchmidt2009142–143-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> opposed to the formation of socialist political parties and participation in parliamentary politics.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERocker198982–83van_der_WaltSchmidt2009142–143_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERocker198982–83van_der_WaltSchmidt2009142–143-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Anarcho-syndicalists argue that socialist participation in politics, rather than moving society closer to socialism, has damaged the labour movement by substituting <a href="/wiki/Self-help" title="Self-help">self-help</a> for <a href="/wiki/Representative_democracy" title="Representative democracy">representation</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERocker198983_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERocker198983-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They have further criticised socialist parties for abandoning <a href="/wiki/Anti-capitalism" title="Anti-capitalism">anti-capitalism</a> in favour of <a href="/wiki/Nationalism" title="Nationalism">nationalism</a>, which they believe to have resulted in the reinforcement of capitalism and the integration of the labour movement into the <a href="/wiki/Nation_state" title="Nation state">nation state</a>. To anarcho-syndicalists, political <a href="/wiki/Careerism" title="Careerism">careerism</a> corrupted socialist politicians, while electoralism transformed socialism from a <a href="/wiki/Prefigurative_politics" title="Prefigurative politics">constructive project</a> into a <a href="/wiki/Reformism#Socialism" title="Reformism">reformist one</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERocker198983–84_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERocker198983–84-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Anarcho-syndicalists are thus opposed to unions affiliating with political parties and attempt to prevent the capture of unions by party politicians.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEvan_der_WaltSchmidt2009142–143_42-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEvan_der_WaltSchmidt2009142–143-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> From this position, anarcho-syndicalists have denounced <a href="/wiki/Bolshevism" title="Bolshevism">Bolshevism</a> as a vehicle for <a href="/wiki/Authoritarianism" title="Authoritarianism">authoritarianism</a> and <a href="/wiki/State_capitalism" title="State capitalism">state capitalism</a>, and criticised <a href="/wiki/Social_democracy" title="Social democracy">social democrats</a> for bureaucratic inaction.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERocker198984–85_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERocker198984–85-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Trade_unionism">Trade unionism</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anarcho-syndicalism&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Trade unionism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Anarcho-syndicalists see trade unions not only as a means by which workers can organise for immediate improvements to their living and working conditions; but also as a means of training workers for <a href="/wiki/Workers%27_self-management" title="Workers' self-management">management</a>, with the goal of establishing <a href="/wiki/Workers%27_control" title="Workers' control">workers' control</a> over production and the creation of a <a href="/wiki/Socialist_economics" title="Socialist economics">socialist economy</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDamier200924–25Rocker198986_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDamier200924–25Rocker198986-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Anarcho-syndicalists believe that trade unions are better suited for these tasks than socialist political parties, as workers often still require trade unions to protect their rights even under socialist governments.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERocker198986–88_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERocker198986–88-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Anarcho-syndicalists consider trade unions to be the <a href="/wiki/Vanguard" title="Vanguard">vanguard</a> of the labour movement; they believe workers' power resides in the economic sphere, as they are responsible for producing the <a href="/wiki/Wealth" title="Wealth">wealth</a> that society relies upon.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERocker198988–89_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERocker198988–89-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For anarcho-syndicalists, trade unions represent the <a href="/wiki/Prefigurative_politics" title="Prefigurative politics">prefiguration</a> of a future socialist economy, the foundation that a new syndicalist society will be built on.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERocker198989van_der_Walt2018250–251_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERocker198989van_der_Walt2018250–251-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Popular_education" title="Popular education">Workers' education</a> is therefore at the centre of anarcho-syndicalism, which aims to use trade unions to prepare workers to take over management of the industrial economy.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERocker198989–90_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERocker198989–90-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Federalism">Federalism</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anarcho-syndicalism&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Federalism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Syndicalism_Outline.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fa/Syndicalism_Outline.gif/220px-Syndicalism_Outline.gif" decoding="async" width="220" height="275" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fa/Syndicalism_Outline.gif/330px-Syndicalism_Outline.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/f/fa/Syndicalism_Outline.gif 2x" data-file-width="338" data-file-height="422" /></a><figcaption>Outline of the federal system used by anarcho-syndicalism</figcaption></figure> <p>Anarcho-syndicalism organises itself according to the principles of <a href="/wiki/Federalism" title="Federalism">federalism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Free_association_of_producers" title="Free association of producers">free association</a>, in which the <a href="/wiki/Self-ownership" title="Self-ownership">self-determination of each individual</a> is upheld.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERocker198990_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERocker198990-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Anarcho-syndicalists are staunchly opposed to <a href="/wiki/Centralisation" title="Centralisation">centralised</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hierarchy" title="Hierarchy">hierarchical</a> forms of organisation, which they believe stifle <a href="/wiki/Self-organisation" class="mw-redirect" title="Self-organisation">independent initiative</a> with <a href="/wiki/Bureaucracy" title="Bureaucracy">bureaucracy</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERocker198990–91van_der_Walt2018252_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERocker198990–91van_der_Walt2018252-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In anarcho-syndicalist organisations, individual unions carry out their activities on a voluntary basis; for any larger-scale activity that requires <a href="/wiki/Delegation" title="Delegation">delegation</a>, representatives are typically elected for <a href="/wiki/Term_limit" title="Term limit">single terms</a> and are paid the same amount as the workers they represent.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERocker198991–92_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERocker198991–92-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Anarcho-syndicalists believe that centralism weakens and inhibits workers' capacity to take independent action and make decisions, and that centralised organisations inevitably tend towards inertia and stagnation.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERocker198992–93_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERocker198992–93-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In contrast, they believe that federalist organisations provide workers with both the means to take rapid action in individual struggles and also connections that could allow them to establish workers' control of the economy and society in a <a href="/wiki/Social_revolution" title="Social revolution">social revolution</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERocker198993_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERocker198993-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to the anarcho-syndicalist model, federal organisations are built from the bottom-up, on both a territorial and industrial basis:<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDamier200925Rocker198993–94van_der_Walt2018260_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDamier200925Rocker198993–94van_der_Walt2018260-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> first, workers join together in independent trade unions; the trade unions in a given city or district then combine into a <a href="/wiki/Cartel" title="Cartel">cartel</a>, which act as centres for popular education and build <a href="/wiki/Solidarity" title="Solidarity">solidarity</a> between workers of different trades; the cartels then group together on a regional basis, up to the national level, providing larger-scale coordination between its member organisations.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERocker198993–94_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERocker198993–94-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Under this model, each trade union is also federatively linked with other unions of the same trade and related trades in <a href="/wiki/Industrial_unionism" title="Industrial unionism">industrial unions</a>, which allow workers a greater scope of <a href="/wiki/Solidarity_action" title="Solidarity action">solidarity actions</a> in struggles relevant to their economic sector.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERocker198994_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERocker198994-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Anarcho-syndicalists see this federative form of industrial organisation as the nucleus for the reorganisation of the economy and society, as it would be able to take over the management of production in every economic sector.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDamier200925Rocker198994_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDamier200925Rocker198994-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In such a <a href="/wiki/Revolutionary_situation" title="Revolutionary situation">revolutionary situation</a>, cartels would take over production in their communities, determine the needs of their local population and organise the economy to meet those needs. A national federation would likewise be able to organise production throughout a given country to meet the needs of the entire populace nationwide, while the industrial unions established workers' control over the <a href="/wiki/Means_of_production" title="Means of production">means of production</a> and <a href="/wiki/Transport" title="Transport">transportation</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERocker198994–95_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERocker198994–95-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Practice">Practice</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anarcho-syndicalism&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Practice"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In contrast to political parties that seek to enhance the political power of <a href="/wiki/State_(polity)" title="State (polity)">states</a> over <a href="/wiki/Society" title="Society">society</a>, anarcho-syndicalists aim to restrict the ability of the state to act and influence society.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERocker1989109–110_62-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERocker1989109–110-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Anarcho-syndicalism also seeks to abolish <a href="/wiki/Capitalism" title="Capitalism">capitalism</a> and replace it with <a href="/wiki/Socialism" title="Socialism">socialism</a>, which it does by lowering the <a href="/wiki/Profit_margin" title="Profit margin">profit margins</a> of business owners and raising the workers' <a href="/wiki/Share_(finance)" title="Share (finance)">share</a> in the product of their own labour.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERocker1989110_63-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERocker1989110-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Anarcho-syndicalists consider the state to be a result of <a href="/wiki/Class_stratification" title="Class stratification">class stratification</a>, established and maintained in order to protect the <a href="/wiki/Monopoly" title="Monopoly">monopoly</a> of capitalists over the economy. As such, anarcho-syndicalists predict that the <a href="/wiki/Withering_away_of_the_state" title="Withering away of the state">dissolution of the state</a> will be an inevitable consequence of the abolition of capitalism. While moving towards this, they also consider it necessary to protect the <a href="/wiki/Civil_and_political_rights" title="Civil and political rights">civil and political rights</a> that workers have achieved from <a href="/wiki/Reactionary" title="Reactionary">political reaction</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERocker1989110–111_64-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERocker1989110–111-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Anarcho-syndicalism is driven by the practice of <a href="/wiki/Direct_action" title="Direct action">direct action</a>, which eschews legalistic methods in favour of workers forcing their employers to make concessions.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDamier200923_65-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDamier200923-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Methods of direct action include boycotts, sabotage and <a href="/wiki/Strike_action" title="Strike action">strike actions</a>, the latter of which syndicalists framed as a "revolutionary drill" to prepare workers for the overthrow of capitalism and the state.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDamier200923–24_66-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDamier200923–24-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anarcho-syndicalism&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kronstadt_rebellion" title="Kronstadt rebellion">Kronstadt rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Left-libertarianism" title="Left-libertarianism">Left-libertarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_socialism" title="Libertarian socialism">Libertarian socialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_federations_of_trade_unions" title="List of federations of trade unions">List of federations of trade unions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Participatory_economics" title="Participatory economics">Participatory economics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solidarity_unionism" title="Solidarity unionism">Solidarity unionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wildcat_strike_action" class="mw-redirect" title="Wildcat strike action">Wildcat strike action</a></li></ul> <style 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class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:A_coloured_voting_box.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/28px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/42px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/56px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160" /></a></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Politics" title="Portal:Politics">Politics portal</a></span></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Red_flag_II.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" 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.reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDamier20095Hirschvan_der_Walt2010axxxvi–xxxviiThorpe19892–14van_der_WaltSchmidt2009153–155-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDamier20095Hirschvan_der_Walt2010axxxvi–xxxviiThorpe19892–14van_der_WaltSchmidt2009153–155_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDamier2009">Damier 2009</a>, p. 5; <a href="#CITEREFHirschvan_der_Walt2010a">Hirsch & van der Walt 2010a</a>, pp. xxxvi–xxxvii; <a href="#CITEREFThorpe1989">Thorpe 1989</a>, pp. 2–14; <a href="#CITEREFvan_der_WaltSchmidt2009">van der Walt & Schmidt 2009</a>, pp. 153–155.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEvan_der_WaltSchmidt2009155–157-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEvan_der_WaltSchmidt2009155–157_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFvan_der_WaltSchmidt2009">van der Walt & Schmidt 2009</a>, pp. 155–157.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDamier20095–7van_der_WaltSchmidt2009157–158-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDamier20095–7van_der_WaltSchmidt2009157–158_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDamier2009">Damier 2009</a>, pp. 5–7; <a href="#CITEREFvan_der_WaltSchmidt2009">van der Walt & Schmidt 2009</a>, pp. 157–158.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDamier20097-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDamier20097_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDamier2009">Damier 2009</a>, p. 7.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDamier200913–14Rocker1989132–134-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDamier200913–14Rocker1989132–134_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDamier2009">Damier 2009</a>, pp. 13–14; <a href="#CITEREFRocker1989">Rocker 1989</a>, pp. 132–134.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDamier200915–16Rocker1989132–133Thorpe198925-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDamier200915–16Rocker1989132–133Thorpe198925_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDamier2009">Damier 2009</a>, pp. 15–16; <a href="#CITEREFRocker1989">Rocker 1989</a>, pp. 132–133; <a href="#CITEREFThorpe1989">Thorpe 1989</a>, p. 25.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDamier200915–16Thorpe198926-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDamier200915–16Thorpe198926_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDamier2009">Damier 2009</a>, pp. 15–16; <a href="#CITEREFThorpe1989">Thorpe 1989</a>, p. 26.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDamier200916–17-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDamier200916–17_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDamier2009">Damier 2009</a>, pp. 16–17.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDamier200917–20Thorpe198938–48-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDamier200917–20Thorpe198938–48_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDamier2009">Damier 2009</a>, pp. 17–20; <a href="#CITEREFThorpe1989">Thorpe 1989</a>, pp. 38–48.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDamier200920–22Rocker1989135–137-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDamier200920–22Rocker1989135–137_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDamier2009">Damier 2009</a>, pp. 20–22; <a href="#CITEREFRocker1989">Rocker 1989</a>, pp. 135–137.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDamier200922-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDamier200922_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDamier2009">Damier 2009</a>, p. 22.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDamier200924–30-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDamier200924–30_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDamier2009">Damier 2009</a>, pp. 24–30.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDamier200930–32Thorpe198931–32-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDamier200930–32Thorpe198931–32_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDamier2009">Damier 2009</a>, pp. 30–32; <a href="#CITEREFThorpe1989">Thorpe 1989</a>, pp. 31–32.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDamier200933–37-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDamier200933–37_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDamier2009">Damier 2009</a>, pp. 33–37.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDamier200937–41Thorpe198931–83-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDamier200937–41Thorpe198931–83_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDamier2009">Damier 2009</a>, pp. 37–41; <a href="#CITEREFThorpe1989">Thorpe 1989</a>, pp. 31–83.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDamier200942Thorpe198988–90-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDamier200942Thorpe198988–90_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDamier2009">Damier 2009</a>, p. 42; <a href="#CITEREFThorpe1989">Thorpe 1989</a>, pp. 88–90.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDamier200946-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDamier200946_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDamier2009">Damier 2009</a>, p. 46.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDamier200946–47Thorpe1989106–116-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDamier200946–47Thorpe1989106–116_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDamier2009">Damier 2009</a>, pp. 46–47; <a href="#CITEREFThorpe1989">Thorpe 1989</a>, pp. 106–116.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDamier200947–63-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDamier200947–63_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDamier2009">Damier 2009</a>, pp. 47–63.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDamier200964–93-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDamier200964–93_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDamier2009">Damier 2009</a>, pp. 64–93.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDamier200994–118-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDamier200994–118_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDamier2009">Damier 2009</a>, pp. 94–118.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDamier2009119–184-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDamier2009119–184_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDamier2009">Damier 2009</a>, pp. 119–184.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDamier2009185–189-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDamier2009185–189_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDamier2009">Damier 2009</a>, pp. 185–189.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDamier2009191–193Hirschvan_der_Walt2010b402–403-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDamier2009191–193Hirschvan_der_Walt2010b402–403_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDamier2009">Damier 2009</a>, pp. 191–193; <a href="#CITEREFHirschvan_der_Walt2010b">Hirsch & van der Walt 2010b</a>, pp. 402–403.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDamier2009193–195-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDamier2009193–195_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDamier2009">Damier 2009</a>, pp. 193–195.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDamier2009195–196-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDamier2009195–196_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDamier2009">Damier 2009</a>, pp. 195–196.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDamier2009196–198-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDamier2009196–198_27-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDamier2009">Damier 2009</a>, pp. 196–198.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDamier2009198–199-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDamier2009198–199_28-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDamier2009">Damier 2009</a>, pp. 198–199.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDamier2009198–199Hirschvan_der_Walt2010b403–404-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDamier2009198–199Hirschvan_der_Walt2010b403–404_29-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDamier2009">Damier 2009</a>, pp. 198–199; <a href="#CITEREFHirschvan_der_Walt2010b">Hirsch & van der Walt 2010b</a>, pp. 403–404.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDamier2009199–200Hirschvan_der_Walt2010b395,_407–408-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDamier2009199–200Hirschvan_der_Walt2010b395,_407–408_30-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDamier2009">Damier 2009</a>, pp. 199–200; <a href="#CITEREFHirschvan_der_Walt2010b">Hirsch & van der Walt 2010b</a>, pp. 395, 407–408.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDamier2009200–202Hirschvan_der_Walt2010b395–396-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDamier2009200–202Hirschvan_der_Walt2010b395–396_31-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDamier2009">Damier 2009</a>, pp. 200–202; <a href="#CITEREFHirschvan_der_Walt2010b">Hirsch & van der Walt 2010b</a>, pp. 395–396.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERocker198982-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERocker198982_32-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRocker1989">Rocker 1989</a>, p. 82.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEvan_der_WaltSchmidt2009142-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEvan_der_WaltSchmidt2009142_33-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFvan_der_WaltSchmidt2009">van der Walt & Schmidt 2009</a>, p. 142.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDamier200931–34,_46van_der_WaltSchmidt2009142–143-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDamier200931–34,_46van_der_WaltSchmidt2009142–143_34-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDamier2009">Damier 2009</a>, pp. 31–34, 46; <a href="#CITEREFvan_der_WaltSchmidt2009">van der Walt & Schmidt 2009</a>, pp. 142–143.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERocker1989137van_der_WaltSchmidt2009143-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERocker1989137van_der_WaltSchmidt2009143_35-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRocker1989">Rocker 1989</a>, p. 137; <a href="#CITEREFvan_der_WaltSchmidt2009">van der Walt & Schmidt 2009</a>, p. 143.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDamier200928-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDamier200928_36-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDamier2009">Damier 2009</a>, p. 28.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDamier200925–26-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDamier200925–26_37-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDamier2009">Damier 2009</a>, pp. 25–26.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDamier200926-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDamier200926_38-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDamier2009">Damier 2009</a>, p. 26.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDamier200926–27-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDamier200926–27_39-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDamier2009">Damier 2009</a>, pp. 26–27.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDamier200927–28-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDamier200927–28_40-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDamier2009">Damier 2009</a>, pp. 27–28.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDamier2009194–197-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDamier2009194–197_41-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDamier2009">Damier 2009</a>, pp. 194–197.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEvan_der_WaltSchmidt2009142–143-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEvan_der_WaltSchmidt2009142–143_42-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEvan_der_WaltSchmidt2009142–143_42-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFvan_der_WaltSchmidt2009">van der Walt & Schmidt 2009</a>, pp. 142–143.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERocker198982–83van_der_WaltSchmidt2009142–143-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERocker198982–83van_der_WaltSchmidt2009142–143_43-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRocker1989">Rocker 1989</a>, pp. 82–83; <a href="#CITEREFvan_der_WaltSchmidt2009">van der Walt & Schmidt 2009</a>, pp. 142–143.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERocker198983-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERocker198983_44-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRocker1989">Rocker 1989</a>, p. 83.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERocker198983–84-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERocker198983–84_45-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRocker1989">Rocker 1989</a>, pp. 83–84.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERocker198984–85-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERocker198984–85_46-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRocker1989">Rocker 1989</a>, pp. 84–85.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDamier200924–25Rocker198986-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDamier200924–25Rocker198986_47-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDamier2009">Damier 2009</a>, pp. 24–25; <a href="#CITEREFRocker1989">Rocker 1989</a>, p. 86.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERocker198986–88-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERocker198986–88_48-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRocker1989">Rocker 1989</a>, pp. 86–88.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERocker198988–89-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERocker198988–89_49-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRocker1989">Rocker 1989</a>, pp. 88–89.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERocker198989van_der_Walt2018250–251-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERocker198989van_der_Walt2018250–251_50-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRocker1989">Rocker 1989</a>, p. 89; <a href="#CITEREFvan_der_Walt2018">van der Walt 2018</a>, pp. 250–251.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERocker198989–90-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERocker198989–90_51-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRocker1989">Rocker 1989</a>, pp. 89–90.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERocker198990-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERocker198990_52-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRocker1989">Rocker 1989</a>, p. 90.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERocker198990–91van_der_Walt2018252-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERocker198990–91van_der_Walt2018252_53-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRocker1989">Rocker 1989</a>, pp. 90–91; <a href="#CITEREFvan_der_Walt2018">van der Walt 2018</a>, p. 252.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERocker198991–92-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERocker198991–92_54-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRocker1989">Rocker 1989</a>, pp. 91–92.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERocker198992–93-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERocker198992–93_55-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRocker1989">Rocker 1989</a>, pp. 92–93.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERocker198993-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERocker198993_56-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRocker1989">Rocker 1989</a>, p. 93.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDamier200925Rocker198993–94van_der_Walt2018260-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDamier200925Rocker198993–94van_der_Walt2018260_57-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDamier2009">Damier 2009</a>, p. 25; <a href="#CITEREFRocker1989">Rocker 1989</a>, pp. 93–94; <a href="#CITEREFvan_der_Walt2018">van der Walt 2018</a>, p. 260.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERocker198993–94-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERocker198993–94_58-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRocker1989">Rocker 1989</a>, pp. 93–94.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERocker198994-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERocker198994_59-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRocker1989">Rocker 1989</a>, p. 94.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDamier200925Rocker198994-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDamier200925Rocker198994_60-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDamier2009">Damier 2009</a>, p. 25; <a href="#CITEREFRocker1989">Rocker 1989</a>, p. 94.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERocker198994–95-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERocker198994–95_61-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRocker1989">Rocker 1989</a>, pp. 94–95.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERocker1989109–110-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERocker1989109–110_62-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRocker1989">Rocker 1989</a>, pp. 109–110.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERocker1989110-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERocker1989110_63-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRocker1989">Rocker 1989</a>, p. 110.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERocker1989110–111-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERocker1989110–111_64-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRocker1989">Rocker 1989</a>, pp. 110–111.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDamier200923-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDamier200923_65-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDamier2009">Damier 2009</a>, p. 23.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDamier200923–24-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDamier200923–24_66-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDamier2009">Damier 2009</a>, pp. 23–24.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anarcho-syndicalism&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em"> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFDamier2009" class="citation book cs1">Damier, Vadim (2009) [2000]. <i>Anarcho-syndicalism in the 20th Century</i>. Translated by Archibald, Malcolm. <a href="/wiki/Edmonton" title="Edmonton">Edmonton</a>: Black Cat Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-9737827-6-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-9737827-6-9"><bdi>978-0-9737827-6-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Anarcho-syndicalism+in+the+20th+Century&rft.place=Edmonton&rft.pub=Black+Cat+Press&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0-9737827-6-9&rft.aulast=Damier&rft.aufirst=Vadim&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnarcho-syndicalism" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHirschvan_der_Walt2010a" class="citation book cs1">Hirsch, Steven J.; <a href="/wiki/Lucien_van_der_Walt" title="Lucien van der Walt">van der Walt, Lucien</a> (2010a). "Rethinking Anarchism and Syndicalism: the colonial and postcolonial experience, 1870–1940". In Hirsch, Steven J.; <a href="/wiki/Lucien_van_der_Walt" title="Lucien van der Walt">van der Walt, Lucien</a> (eds.). <i>Anarchism and Syndicalism in the Colonial and Postcolonial World, 1870–1940</i>. Studies in Global Social History. Vol. 6. <a href="/wiki/Leiden" title="Leiden">Leiden</a>: <a href="/wiki/Brill_Publishers" title="Brill Publishers">Brill</a>. pp. xxxi–lxxiii. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789004188495" title="Special:BookSources/9789004188495"><bdi>9789004188495</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/868808983">868808983</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Rethinking+Anarchism+and+Syndicalism%3A+the+colonial+and+postcolonial+experience%2C+1870%E2%80%931940&rft.btitle=Anarchism+and+Syndicalism+in+the+Colonial+and+Postcolonial+World%2C+1870%E2%80%931940&rft.place=Leiden&rft.series=Studies+in+Global+Social+History&rft.pages=xxxi-lxxiii&rft.pub=Brill&rft.date=2010&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F868808983&rft.isbn=9789004188495&rft.aulast=Hirsch&rft.aufirst=Steven+J.&rft.au=van+der+Walt%2C+Lucien&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnarcho-syndicalism" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHirschvan_der_Walt2010b" class="citation book cs1">Hirsch, Steven J.; <a href="/wiki/Lucien_van_der_Walt" title="Lucien van der Walt">van der Walt, Lucien</a> (2010b). "Final Reflections: the vicissitudes of anarchist and syndicalist trajectories, 1940 to the present". In Hirsch, Steven J.; <a href="/wiki/Lucien_van_der_Walt" title="Lucien van der Walt">van der Walt, Lucien</a> (eds.). <i>Anarchism and Syndicalism in the Colonial and Postcolonial World, 1870–1940</i>. Studies in Global Social History. Vol. 6. <a href="/wiki/Leiden" title="Leiden">Leiden</a>: <a href="/wiki/Brill_Publishers" title="Brill Publishers">Brill</a>. pp. 395–412. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789004188495" title="Special:BookSources/9789004188495"><bdi>9789004188495</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/868808983">868808983</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Final+Reflections%3A+the+vicissitudes+of+anarchist+and+syndicalist+trajectories%2C+1940+to+the+present&rft.btitle=Anarchism+and+Syndicalism+in+the+Colonial+and+Postcolonial+World%2C+1870%E2%80%931940&rft.place=Leiden&rft.series=Studies+in+Global+Social+History&rft.pages=395-412&rft.pub=Brill&rft.date=2010&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F868808983&rft.isbn=9789004188495&rft.aulast=Hirsch&rft.aufirst=Steven+J.&rft.au=van+der+Walt%2C+Lucien&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnarcho-syndicalism" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRocker1989" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Rudolf_Rocker" title="Rudolf Rocker">Rocker, Rudolf</a> (1989) [1938]. <i>Anarcho-Syndicalism</i>. <a href="/wiki/Pluto_Press" title="Pluto Press">Pluto Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7453-1392-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-7453-1392-2"><bdi>0-7453-1392-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Anarcho-Syndicalism&rft.pub=Pluto+Press&rft.date=1989&rft.isbn=0-7453-1392-2&rft.aulast=Rocker&rft.aufirst=Rudolf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnarcho-syndicalism" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThorpe1989" class="citation book cs1">Thorpe, Wayne (1989). <a href="/wiki/The_Workers_Themselves" title="The Workers Themselves"><i>The Workers Themselves</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Springer_Science%2BBusiness_Media" title="Springer Science+Business Media">Kluwer Academic Publishers</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7923-0276-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-7923-0276-1"><bdi>0-7923-0276-1</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/LCCN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="LCCN (identifier)">LCCN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lccn.loc.gov/89-8205">89-8205</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Workers+Themselves&rft.pub=Kluwer+Academic+Publishers&rft.date=1989&rft_id=info%3Alccn%2F89-8205&rft.isbn=0-7923-0276-1&rft.aulast=Thorpe&rft.aufirst=Wayne&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnarcho-syndicalism" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFvan_der_WaltSchmidt2009" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Lucien_van_der_Walt" title="Lucien van der Walt">van der Walt, Lucien</a>; Schmidt, Michael (2009). <i><a href="/wiki/Black_Flame_(book)" title="Black Flame (book)">Black Flame: The Revolutionary Class Politics of Anarchism and Syndicalism</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Edinburgh" title="Edinburgh">Edinburgh</a>: <a href="/wiki/AK_Press" title="AK Press">AK Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-904859-16-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-904859-16-1"><bdi>978-1-904859-16-1</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/LCCN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="LCCN (identifier)">LCCN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lccn.loc.gov/2006933558">2006933558</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1100238201">1100238201</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Black+Flame%3A+The+Revolutionary+Class+Politics+of+Anarchism+and+Syndicalism&rft.place=Edinburgh&rft.pub=AK+Press&rft.date=2009&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1100238201&rft_id=info%3Alccn%2F2006933558&rft.isbn=978-1-904859-16-1&rft.aulast=van+der+Walt&rft.aufirst=Lucien&rft.au=Schmidt%2C+Michael&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnarcho-syndicalism" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFvan_der_Walt2016" class="citation journal cs1">van der Walt, Lucien (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://journals.lwbooks.co.uk/anarchiststudies/vol-24-issue-1/abstract-9310/">"Global Anarchism and Syndicalism: Theory, History, Resistance"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Anarchist_Studies" title="Anarchist Studies">Anarchist Studies</a></i>. <b>24</b> (1): 85–106. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0967-3393">0967-3393</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Anarchist+Studies&rft.atitle=Global+Anarchism+and+Syndicalism%3A+Theory%2C+History%2C+Resistance&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=85-106&rft.date=2016&rft.issn=0967-3393&rft.aulast=van+der+Walt&rft.aufirst=Lucien&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fjournals.lwbooks.co.uk%2Fanarchiststudies%2Fvol-24-issue-1%2Fabstract-9310%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnarcho-syndicalism" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFvan_der_Walt2018" class="citation book cs1">van der Walt, Lucien (2018). "Syndicalism". In Adams, Matthew S.; Levy, Carl (eds.). <i>The Palgrave Handbook of Anarchism</i>. London: Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 249–264. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2F978-3-319-75620-2_14">10.1007/978-3-319-75620-2_14</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3319756196" title="Special:BookSources/978-3319756196"><bdi>978-3319756196</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:242074567">242074567</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Syndicalism&rft.btitle=The+Palgrave+Handbook+of+Anarchism&rft.place=London&rft.pages=249-264&rft.pub=Palgrave+Macmillan&rft.date=2018&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A242074567%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2F978-3-319-75620-2_14&rft.isbn=978-3319756196&rft.aulast=van+der+Walt&rft.aufirst=Lucien&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnarcho-syndicalism" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZimmer2018" class="citation book cs1">Zimmer, Kenyon (2018). "Haymarket and the Rise of Syndicalism". In Adams, Matthew S.; Levy, Carl (eds.). <i>The Palgrave Handbook of Anarchism</i>. London: Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 353–370. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2F978-3-319-75620-2_21">10.1007/978-3-319-75620-2_21</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3319756196" title="Special:BookSources/978-3319756196"><bdi>978-3319756196</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:242074567">242074567</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Haymarket+and+the+Rise+of+Syndicalism&rft.btitle=The+Palgrave+Handbook+of+Anarchism&rft.place=London&rft.pages=353-370&rft.pub=Palgrave+Macmillan&rft.date=2018&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A242074567%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2F978-3-319-75620-2_21&rft.isbn=978-3319756196&rft.aulast=Zimmer&rft.aufirst=Kenyon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnarcho-syndicalism" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anarcho-syndicalism&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239549316"><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAguilar_Fernández2002" class="citation book cs1">Aguilar Fernández, Palomar (2002). <i>Memory and Amnesia: The Role of the Spanish Civil War in the Transition to Democracy</i>. Berghahn Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-57181-496-5" title="Special:BookSources/1-57181-496-5"><bdi>1-57181-496-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Memory+and+Amnesia%3A+The+Role+of+the+Spanish+Civil+War+in+the+Transition+to+Democracy&rft.pub=Berghahn+Books&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=1-57181-496-5&rft.aulast=Aguilar+Fern%C3%A1ndez&rft.aufirst=Palomar&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnarcho-syndicalism" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAlexander1999" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Robert_J._Alexander" title="Robert J. Alexander">Alexander, Robert</a> (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libcom.org/history/anarchists-spanish-civil-war-robert-alexander"><i>The Anarchists in the Spanish Civil War</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a>: Janus. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-85756-400-6" title="Special:BookSources/1-85756-400-6"><bdi>1-85756-400-6</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/43717219">43717219</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Anarchists+in+the+Spanish+Civil+War&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Janus&rft.date=1999&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F43717219&rft.isbn=1-85756-400-6&rft.aulast=Alexander&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flibcom.org%2Fhistory%2Fanarchists-spanish-civil-war-robert-alexander&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnarcho-syndicalism" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAndrews2019" class="citation journal cs1">Andrews, Nathaniel (2019). "Repression, solidarity, and a legacy of violence: Spanish anarcho-syndicalism and the years of 'pistolerismo', 1919–23". <i>International Journal of Iberian Studies</i>. <b>32</b> (3): 173–193. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1386%2Fijis_00004_1">10.1386/ijis_00004_1</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1758-9150">1758-9150</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:213843688">213843688</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Iberian+Studies&rft.atitle=Repression%2C+solidarity%2C+and+a+legacy+of+violence%3A+Spanish+anarcho-syndicalism+and+the+years+of+%27pistolerismo%27%2C+1919%E2%80%9323&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=173-193&rft.date=2019&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A213843688%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=1758-9150&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1386%2Fijis_00004_1&rft.aulast=Andrews&rft.aufirst=Nathaniel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnarcho-syndicalism" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBaker2023" class="citation book cs1">Baker, Zoe (2023). <i>Means and Ends: The Revolutionary Practice of Anarchism in Europe and the United States</i>. <a href="/wiki/AK_Press" title="AK Press">AK Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84935-498-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84935-498-1"><bdi>978-1-84935-498-1</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1345217229">1345217229</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Means+and+Ends%3A+The+Revolutionary+Practice+of+Anarchism+in+Europe+and+the+United+States&rft.pub=AK+Press&rft.date=2023&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1345217229&rft.isbn=978-1-84935-498-1&rft.aulast=Baker&rft.aufirst=Zoe&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnarcho-syndicalism" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBeevor2006" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Antony_Beevor" title="Antony Beevor">Beevor, Antony</a> (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/battleforspainsp00anto/page/295"><i>Battle for Spain the Spanish Civil War, 1936-1939</i></a>. New York: Penguin Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-14-303765-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-14-303765-X"><bdi>0-14-303765-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Battle+for+Spain+the+Spanish+Civil+War%2C+1936-1939&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Penguin+Books&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=0-14-303765-X&rft.aulast=Beevor&rft.aufirst=Antony&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbattleforspainsp00anto%2Fpage%2F295&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnarcho-syndicalism" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFD'Agostino2018" class="citation book cs1">D'Agostino, Anthony (2018). "Anarchism and Marxism in the Russian Revolution". In Adams, Matthew S.; Levy, Carl (eds.). <i>The Palgrave Handbook of Anarchism</i>. 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Globalization and the rhizome of anarcho-syndicalism". <i><a href="/wiki/Continuum_(journal)" title="Continuum (journal)">Continuum</a></i>. <b>16</b> (3): 317–333. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F1030431022000018681">10.1080/1030431022000018681</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1469-3666">1469-3666</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:146834025">146834025</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Continuum&rft.atitle=Don%27t+Mourn+the+Death+of+Theory%2C+Organize%21+Globalization+and+the+rhizome+of+anarcho-syndicalism&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=317-333&rft.date=2002&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A146834025%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=1469-3666&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F1030431022000018681&rft.aulast=White&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft.au=Sproule%2C+Warren&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnarcho-syndicalism" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilliams2018" class="citation book cs1">Williams, Dana M. (2018). "Tactics: Conceptions of Social Change, Revolution, and Anarchist Organisation". In Adams, Matthew S.; Levy, Carl (eds.). <i>The Palgrave Handbook of Anarchism</i>. London: Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 107–124. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2F978-3-319-75620-2_6">10.1007/978-3-319-75620-2_6</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3319756196" title="Special:BookSources/978-3319756196"><bdi>978-3319756196</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:158841066">158841066</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Tactics%3A+Conceptions+of+Social+Change%2C+Revolution%2C+and+Anarchist+Organisation&rft.btitle=The+Palgrave+Handbook+of+Anarchism&rft.place=London&rft.pages=107-124&rft.pub=Palgrave+Macmillan&rft.date=2018&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A158841066%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2F978-3-319-75620-2_6&rft.isbn=978-3319756196&rft.aulast=Williams&rft.aufirst=Dana+M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnarcho-syndicalism" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZoffmann-Rodriguez2018" class="citation journal cs1">Zoffmann-Rodriguez, Arturo (2018). "Anarcho-syndicalism and the Russian Revolution: Towards a political explanation of a fleeting romance, 1917–22". <i>Revolutionary Russia</i>. <b>31</b> (2): 226–246. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F09546545.2018.1535949">10.1080/09546545.2018.1535949</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1743-7873">1743-7873</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:149863663">149863663</a>.</cite><span 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title="Anationalism">Anationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-authoritarianism" title="Anti-authoritarianism">Anti-authoritarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-capitalism" title="Anti-capitalism">Anti-capitalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antimilitarism" title="Antimilitarism">Anti-militarism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Affinity_group" title="Affinity group">Affinity group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Autonomous_social_center" class="mw-redirect" title="Autonomous social center">Autonomous social center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_bloc" title="Black bloc">Black bloc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Classless_society" title="Classless society">Classless society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Class_conflict" title="Class conflict">Class struggle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consensus_decision-making" title="Consensus decision-making">Consensus decision-making</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conscientious_objector" title="Conscientious objector">Conscientious objector</a></li> <li><a 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href="/wiki/Category:Anarchist_schools_of_thought" title="Category:Anarchist schools of thought">Schools of thought</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Classical_anarchism" class="mw-redirect" title="Classical anarchism">Classical</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <li><a href="/wiki/Individualist_anarchism" title="Individualist anarchism">Individualist</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Egoist_anarchism" title="Egoist anarchism">Egoist</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Illegalism" title="Illegalism">Illegalist</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarcho-naturism" class="mw-redirect" title="Anarcho-naturism">Naturist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philosophical_anarchism" title="Philosophical anarchism">Philosophical</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mutualism_(economic_theory)" title="Mutualism (economic theory)">Mutualist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_anarchism" title="Social anarchism">Social</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Collectivist_anarchism" title="Collectivist anarchism">Collectivist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarcho-communism" class="mw-redirect" title="Anarcho-communism">Communist</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Magonism" title="Magonism">Magonist</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Post-classical_anarchism" class="mw-redirect" title="Post-classical anarchism">Post-classical</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anarcha-feminism" title="Anarcha-feminism">Feminist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_anarchism" title="Green anarchism">Green</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anarcho-primitivism" title="Anarcho-primitivism">Primitivist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_ecology_(Bookchin)" class="mw-redirect" title="Social ecology (Bookchin)">Social ecology</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independence_anarchism" class="mw-redirect" title="Independence anarchism">Independence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insurrectionary_anarchism" title="Insurrectionary anarchism">Insurrectionary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarcho-pacifism" title="Anarcho-pacifism">Pacifist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_and_religion#Religious_anarchism_and_anarchist_themes_in_religions" title="Anarchism and religion">Religious</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christian_anarchism" title="Christian anarchism">Christian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_and_religion#Buddhism" title="Anarchism and religion">Buddhist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_anarchism" class="mw-redirect" title="Jewish anarchism">Jewish</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_without_adjectives" title="Anarchism without adjectives">Without adjectives</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Contemporary_anarchism" title="Contemporary anarchism">Contemporary</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Black_anarchism" title="Black anarchism">Black</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Market_anarchism" title="Market anarchism">Free-market</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postcolonial_anarchism" title="Postcolonial anarchism">Postcolonial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-anarchism" class="mw-redirect" title="Post-anarchism">Post-anarchist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-left_anarchy" class="mw-redirect" title="Post-left anarchy">Post-left</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queer_anarchism" title="Queer anarchism">Queer</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Types of federation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Affinity_group" title="Affinity group">Affinity group</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Anarcho-syndicalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Platformism" title="Platformism">Platformism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Synthesis_anarchism" title="Synthesis anarchism">Synthesis anarchism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_of_egoists" title="Union of egoists">Union of egoists</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Anarchist_economics" title="Category:Anarchist economics">Economics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="excerpt-block"><div class="excerpt"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Communization" title="Communization">Communization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cooperative" title="Cooperative">Cooperative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cost_the_limit_of_price" title="Cost the limit of price">Cost the limit of price</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Planned_economy#Decentralized_planning" title="Planned economy">Decentralized planned economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_association_of_producers" title="Free association of producers">Free association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_strike" title="General strike">General strike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gift_economy" title="Gift economy">Gift economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Give-away_shop" title="Give-away shop">Give-away shop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labour_voucher" title="Labour voucher">Labour voucher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Market_socialism" title="Market socialism">Market socialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mutual_bank" title="Mutual bank">Mutual bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mutual_credit" title="Mutual credit">Mutual credit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_ownership" title="Social ownership">Social ownership</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wage_slavery" title="Wage slavery">Wage slavery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Workers%27_self-management" title="Workers' self-management">Workers' self-management</a></li></ul></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Anarchist_culture" title="Category:Anarchist culture">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="excerpt-block"><div class="excerpt"> <li><i><a href="/wiki/A_las_Barricadas" title="A las Barricadas">A las Barricadas</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchist_bookfair" title="Anarchist bookfair">Anarchist bookfair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarcho-punk" title="Anarcho-punk">Anarcho-punk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_and_the_arts" title="Anarchism and the arts">Arts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DIY_ethic" class="mw-redirect" title="DIY ethic">DIY ethic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Escuela_Moderna" class="mw-redirect" title="Escuela Moderna">Escuela Moderna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_films_dealing_with_anarchism" title="List of films dealing with anarchism">Films</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freeganism" title="Freeganism">Freeganism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infoshop" title="Infoshop">Infoshop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_Media_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="Independent Media Center">Independent Media Center</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Internationale" title="The Internationale">The Internationale</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_anarchism" class="mw-redirect" title="Jewish anarchism">Jewish anarchism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lifestyle_anarchism" class="mw-redirect" title="Lifestyle anarchism">Lifestylism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Workers%27_Day" title="International Workers' Day">May Day</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/No_gods,_no_masters" class="mw-redirect" title="No gods, no masters">No gods, no masters</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popular_education" title="Popular education">Popular education</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Property_is_theft!" class="mw-redirect" title="Property is theft!">Property is theft!</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radical_cheerleading" title="Radical cheerleading">Radical cheerleading</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radical_environmentalism" title="Radical environmentalism">Radical environmentalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Self-managed_social_center" title="Self-managed social center">Self-managed social center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchist_symbolism" title="Anarchist symbolism">Symbolism</a></li></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Anarchism" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Anarchism">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="excerpt-block"><div class="excerpt"> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Revolution" title="French Revolution">French Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolutions_of_1848" title="Revolutions of 1848">Revolutions of 1848</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Regional_Federation_of_the_IWA" title="Spanish Regional Federation of the IWA">Spanish Regional Federation of the IWA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paris_Commune" title="Paris Commune">Paris Commune</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hague_Congress_(1872)" title="Hague Congress (1872)">Hague Congress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cantonal_rebellion" title="Cantonal rebellion">Cantonal rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haymarket_affair" title="Haymarket affair">Haymarket affair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Conference_of_Rome_for_the_Social_Defense_Against_Anarchists" title="International Conference of Rome for the Social Defense Against Anarchists">International Conference of Rome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trial_of_the_Thirty" title="Trial of the Thirty">Trial of the Thirty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Conference_of_Rome_for_the_Social_Defense_Against_Anarchists" title="International Conference of Rome for the Social Defense Against Anarchists">International Conference of Rome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferrer_movement" title="Ferrer movement">Ferrer movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strandza_Commune" class="mw-redirect" title="Strandza Commune">Strandza Commune</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Anarchist_Congress_of_Amsterdam" title="International Anarchist Congress of Amsterdam">Congress of Amsterdam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tragic_Week_(Spain)" title="Tragic Week (Spain)">Tragic Week</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_Treason_Incident" title="High Treason Incident">High Treason Incident</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Manifesto_of_the_Sixteen" title="Manifesto of the Sixteen">Manifesto of the Sixteen</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_Revolution_of_1918%E2%80%931919" class="mw-redirect" title="German Revolution of 1918–1919">German Revolution of 1918–1919</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bavarian_Soviet_Republic" title="Bavarian Soviet Republic">Bavarian Soviet Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1919_United_States_anarchist_bombings" title="1919 United States anarchist bombings">1919 United States bombings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biennio_Rosso" title="Biennio Rosso">Biennio Rosso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kronstadt_rebellion" title="Kronstadt rebellion">Kronstadt rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Makhnovshchina" title="Makhnovshchina">Makhnovshchina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amakasu_Incident" title="Amakasu Incident">Amakasu Incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Revolution_of_1936" title="Spanish Revolution of 1936">Spanish Revolution of 1936</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barcelona_May_Days" class="mw-redirect" title="Barcelona May Days">Barcelona May Days</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_inverted_triangle" class="mw-redirect" title="Red inverted triangle">Red inverted triangle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labadie_Collection" title="Labadie Collection">Labadie Collection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Provo_(movement)" title="Provo (movement)">Provo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_68" title="May 68">May 1968</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LIP_(company)" title="LIP (company)">LIP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kate_Sharpley_Library" title="Kate Sharpley Library">Kate Sharpley Library</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_Anarchist_Centenary_Celebrations" class="mw-redirect" title="Australian Anarchist Centenary Celebrations">Australian Anarchist Centenary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carnival_Against_Capital" title="Carnival Against Capital">Carnival Against Capital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1999_Seattle_WTO_protests" title="1999 Seattle WTO protests">1999 Seattle WTO protests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Really_Really_Free_Market" title="Really Really Free Market">Really Really Free Market</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occupy_movement" title="Occupy movement">Occupy movement</a></li></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Anarchists" title="Category:Anarchists">People</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="excerpt-block"><div class="excerpt"> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashanti_Alston" title="Ashanti Alston">Alston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89mile_Armand" title="Émile Armand">Armand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ba_Jin" title="Ba Jin">Ba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Bakunin" title="Mikhail Bakunin">Bakunin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Berkman" title="Alexander Berkman">Berkman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfredo_Bonanno" title="Alfredo Bonanno">Bonanno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murray_Bookchin" title="Murray Bookchin">Bookchin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martial_Bourdin" title="Martial Bourdin">Bourdin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noam_Chomsky" title="Noam Chomsky">Chomsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voltairine_de_Cleyre" title="Voltairine de Cleyre">Cleyre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dorothy_Day" title="Dorothy Day">Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buenaventura_Durruti" title="Buenaventura Durruti">Durruti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Ellul" title="Jacques Ellul">Ellul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lorenzo_Kom%27boa_Ervin" title="Lorenzo Kom'boa Ervin">Ervin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A9bastien_Faure" title="Sébastien Faure">Faure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Fauset_MacDonald" title="Thomas Fauset MacDonald">Fauset MacDonald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francisco_Ferrer" title="Francisco Ferrer">Ferrer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Feyerabend" title="Paul Feyerabend">Feyerabend</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Severino_Di_Giovanni" title="Severino Di Giovanni">Giovanni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Godwin" title="William Godwin">Godwin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emma_Goldman" title="Emma Goldman">Goldman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manuel_Gonz%C3%A1lez_Prada" title="Manuel González Prada">González Prada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Graeber" title="David Graeber">Graeber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Guillaume" title="James Guillaume">Guillaume</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/He_Zhen_(anarchist)" title="He Zhen (anarchist)">He-Yin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanno_Sugako" title="Kanno Sugako">Kanno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%C5%8Dtoku_Sh%C5%ABsui" title="Kōtoku Shūsui">Kōtoku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Kropotkin" title="Peter Kropotkin">Kropotkin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gustav_Landauer" title="Gustav Landauer">Landauer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liu_Shifu" title="Liu Shifu">Liu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ricardo_Flores_Mag%C3%B3n" title="Ricardo Flores Magón">Magón</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nestor_Makhno" title="Nestor Makhno">Makhno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grigorii_Maksimov" title="Grigorii Maksimov">Maksimov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Errico_Malatesta" title="Errico Malatesta">Malatesta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ida_Mett" title="Ida Mett">Mett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louise_Michel" title="Louise Michel">Michel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Most" title="Johann Most">Most</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucy_Parsons" title="Lucy Parsons">Parsons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francesc_Pi_i_Margall" title="Francesc Pi i Margall">Pi i Margall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89mile_Pouget" title="Émile Pouget">Pouget</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre-Joseph_Proudhon" title="Pierre-Joseph Proudhon">Proudhon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hiratsuka_Raich%C5%8D" title="Hiratsuka Raichō">Raichō</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89lis%C3%A9e_Reclus" title="Élisée Reclus">Reclus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudolf_Rocker" title="Rudolf Rocker">Rocker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diego_Abad_de_Santill%C3%A1n" title="Diego Abad de Santillán">Santillán</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lysander_Spooner" title="Lysander Spooner">Spooner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Stirner" title="Max Stirner">Stirner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_David_Thoreau" title="Henry David Thoreau">Thoreau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leo_Tolstoy" title="Leo Tolstoy">Tolstoy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Tucker" title="Benjamin Tucker">Tucker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volin" title="Volin">Volin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colin_Ward" title="Colin Ward">Ward</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josiah_Warren" title="Josiah Warren">Warren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Efim_Yarchuk" title="Efim Yarchuk">Yarchuk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Zerzan" title="John Zerzan">Zerzan</a></li></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_anarchism" title="Outline of anarchism">Lists</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="excerpt-block"><div class="excerpt"> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_anarcho-punk_bands" title="List of anarcho-punk bands">Anarcho-punk bands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_books_about_anarchism" title="List of books about anarchism">Books</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fictional_anarchists" title="List of fictional anarchists">Fictional characters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_films_dealing_with_anarchism" title="List of films dealing with anarchism">Films</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Jewish_anarchists" title="List of Jewish anarchists">Jewish anarchists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_anarchist_musicians" title="List of anarchist musicians">Musicians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_anarchist_periodicals" title="List of anarchist periodicals">Periodicals</a></li></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Anarchism_by_region" title="Category:Anarchism by region">By region</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="excerpt-block"><div class="excerpt"> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Africa" title="Anarchism in Africa">Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Albania" title="Anarchism in Albania">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Algeria" title="Anarchism in Algeria">Algeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Andorra" title="Anarchism in Andorra">Andorra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Argentina" title="Anarchism in Argentina">Argentina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Armenia" title="Anarchism in Armenia">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Australia" title="Anarchism in Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Austria" title="Anarchism in Austria">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Azerbaijan" title="Anarchism in Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Bangladesh" title="Anarchism in Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Belarus" title="Anarchism in Belarus">Belarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Belgium" title="Anarchism in Belgium">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Bolivia" title="Anarchism in Bolivia">Bolivia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Anarchism in Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Brazil" title="Anarchism in Brazil">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Bulgaria" title="Anarchism in Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Canada" title="Anarchism in Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Chile" title="Anarchism in Chile">Chile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_China" title="Anarchism in China">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Colombia" title="Anarchism in Colombia">Colombia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Costa_Rica" title="Anarchism in Costa Rica">Costa Rica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Croatia" title="Anarchism in Croatia">Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Cuba" title="Anarchism in Cuba">Cuba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Cyprus" title="Anarchism in Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_the_Czech_Republic" title="Anarchism in the Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Denmark" title="Anarchism in Denmark">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_the_Dominican_Republic" title="Anarchism in the Dominican Republic">Dominican Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_East_Timor" title="Anarchism in East Timor">East Timor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Ecuador" title="Anarchism in Ecuador">Ecuador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Egypt" title="Anarchism in Egypt">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_El_Salvador" title="Anarchism in El Salvador">El Salvador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Estonia" title="Anarchism in Estonia">Estonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Finland" title="Anarchism in Finland">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_France" title="Anarchism in France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_French_Guiana" title="Anarchism in French Guiana">French Guiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Georgia" title="Anarchism in Georgia">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Germany" title="Anarchism in Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Greece" title="Anarchism in Greece">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Guatemala" title="Anarchism in Guatemala">Guatemala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Hong_Kong" title="Anarchism in Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Hungary" title="Anarchism in Hungary">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Iceland" title="Anarchism in Iceland">Iceland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_India" title="Anarchism in India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Indonesia" title="Anarchism in Indonesia">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Iran" title="Anarchism in Iran">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Ireland" title="Anarchism in Ireland">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Israel" title="Anarchism in Israel">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Italy" title="Anarchism in Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Japan" title="Anarchism in Japan">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Korea" title="Anarchism in Korea">Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Latvia" title="Anarchism in Latvia">Latvia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Malaysia" title="Anarchism in Malaysia">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Mexico" title="Anarchism in Mexico">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Monaco" title="Anarchism in Monaco">Monaco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Mongolia" title="Anarchism in Mongolia">Mongolia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Morocco" title="Anarchism in Morocco">Morocco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_the_Netherlands" title="Anarchism in the Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_New_Zealand" title="Anarchism in New Zealand">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Nicaragua" title="Anarchism in Nicaragua">Nicaragua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Nigeria" title="Anarchism in Nigeria">Nigeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Norway" title="Anarchism in Norway">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Panama" title="Anarchism in Panama">Panama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Paraguay" title="Anarchism in Paraguay">Paraguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Peru" title="Anarchism in Peru">Peru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_the_Philippines" title="Anarchism in the Philippines">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Poland" title="Anarchism in Poland">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Portugal" title="Anarchism in Portugal">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Puerto_Rico" title="Anarchism in Puerto Rico">Puerto Rico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Romania" title="Anarchism in Romania">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Russia" title="Anarchism in Russia">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Serbia" title="Anarchism in Serbia">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Singapore" title="Anarchism in Singapore">Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_South_Africa" title="Anarchism in South Africa">South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Spain" title="Anarchism in Spain">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Sweden" title="Anarchism in Sweden">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Switzerland" title="Anarchism in Switzerland">Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Syria" title="Anarchism in Syria">Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Taiwan" title="Anarchism in Taiwan">Taiwan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Tunisia" title="Anarchism in Tunisia">Tunisia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Turkey" title="Anarchism in Turkey">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Ukraine" title="Anarchism in Ukraine">Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Anarchism in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_the_United_States" title="Anarchism in the United States">United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Uruguay" title="Anarchism in Uruguay">Uruguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Venezuela" title="Anarchism in Venezuela">Venezuela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Vietnam" title="Anarchism in Vietnam">Vietnam</a></li></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_anarchism" title="Outline of anarchism">Related topics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="excerpt-block"><div class="excerpt"> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-corporate_activism" title="Anti-corporate activism">Anti-corporatism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-consumerism" title="Anti-consumerism">Anti-consumerism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-fascism" title="Anti-fascism">Anti-fascism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-globalization_movement" title="Anti-globalization movement">Anti-globalization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-statism" title="Anti-statism">Anti-statism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-war_movement" title="Anti-war movement">Anti-war movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Autarchism" title="Autarchism">Autarchism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Autonomism" title="Autonomism">Autonomism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communism" title="Communism">Communism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Definition_of_anarchism_and_libertarianism" title="Definition of anarchism and libertarianism">Definition of anarchism and libertarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dual_Power" class="mw-redirect" title="Dual Power">Dual Power</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labour_movement" title="Labour movement">Labour movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Left_communism" title="Left communism">Left communism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Left-libertarianism" title="Left-libertarianism">Left-libertarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarianism" title="Libertarianism">Libertarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_socialism" title="Libertarian socialism">Libertarian socialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marxism" title="Marxism">Marxism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Relationship_between_Friedrich_Nietzsche_and_Max_Stirner" title="Relationship between Friedrich Nietzsche and Max Stirner">Relationship between Friedrich<br />Nietzsche and Max Stirner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Situationist_International" title="Situationist International">Situationist International</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialism" title="Socialism">Socialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spontaneous_order" title="Spontaneous order">Spontaneous order</a></li></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <li><b><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/BlackFlagSymbol.svg/28px-BlackFlagSymbol.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/BlackFlagSymbol.svg/42px-BlackFlagSymbol.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/BlackFlagSymbol.svg/56px-BlackFlagSymbol.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="456" data-file-height="456" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Anarchism" title="Portal:Anarchism">Anarchism portal</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Category:Anarchism" title="Category:Anarchism">Category</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_anarchism" title="Outline of anarchism">Outline</a></b></li> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Capitalism" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Capitalism" title="Template:Capitalism"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Capitalism" title="Template talk:Capitalism"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Capitalism" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Capitalism"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Capitalism" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Capitalism" title="Capitalism">Capitalism</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>Aspects and <a href="/wiki/Perspectives_on_capitalism_by_school_of_thought" title="Perspectives on capitalism by school of thought">perspectives</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anarchy_of_production" title="Anarchy of production">Anarchy of production</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Business_cycle" title="Business cycle">Business cycle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Centralisation" title="Centralisation">Centralization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Competition_(economics)" title="Competition (economics)">Competition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_depression" title="Economic depression">Depression</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deregulation" title="Deregulation">Deregulation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_bubble" title="Economic bubble">Economic bubble</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_development" title="Economic development">Economic development</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_liberalism" title="Economic liberalism">Economic liberalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_planning" title="Economic planning">Economic planning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Entrepreneurship" title="Entrepreneurship">Entrepreneurship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecopreneurship" title="Ecopreneurship">Ecopreneurship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Externality" title="Externality">Externality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Financial_crisis" title="Financial crisis">Financial crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Financial_Revolution" title="Financial Revolution">Financial Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Globalization" title="Globalization">Globalization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_capitalist_theory" title="History of capitalist theory">History of capitalist theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Industrial_Revolution" title="Industrial Revolution">Industrial Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Invention" title="Invention">Invention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Market_economy#Capitalism" title="Market economy">Market economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Market_failure" title="Market failure">Market failure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merchantilism" class="mw-redirect" title="Merchantilism">Merchantilism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meritocracy" title="Meritocracy">Meritocracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multinational_corporation" title="Multinational corporation">Multinational corporation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nationalization" title="Nationalization">Nationalization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oligopoly" title="Oligopoly">Oligopoly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perspectives_on_capitalism_by_school_of_thought" title="Perspectives on capitalism by school of thought">Perspectives on capitalism by school of thought</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Privatization" title="Privatization">Privatization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Profit_(economics)" title="Profit (economics)">Profit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Property_rights_(economics)" title="Property rights (economics)">Property rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recession" title="Recession">Recession</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regulation" title="Regulation">Regulation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wage_labour" title="Wage labour">Wage labour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wealth" title="Wealth">Wealth</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ideology</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Saxon_model" title="Anglo-Saxon model">Anglo-Saxon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Authoritarian_capitalism" title="Authoritarian capitalism">Authoritarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservative" class="mw-redirect" title="Conservative">Conservative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corporate_capitalism" title="Corporate capitalism">Corporate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_capitalism" title="Democratic capitalism">Democratic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dirigisme" title="Dirigisme">Dirigist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_market#General_principles" title="Free market">Free-market</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humanistic_capitalism" title="Humanistic capitalism">Humanistic</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Laissez-faire_capitalism" class="mw-redirect" title="Laissez-faire capitalism">Laissez-faire</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_liberalism" title="Economic liberalism">Liberal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right-libertarianism" title="Right-libertarianism">Libertarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Market_capitalism" class="mw-redirect" title="Market capitalism">Market</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mercantilism" title="Mercantilism">Mercantilist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mixed_capitalism" class="mw-redirect" title="Mixed capitalism">Mixed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_monopoly_capitalism" title="State monopoly capitalism">Monopoly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_capitalism" class="mw-redirect" title="National capitalism">National</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-capitalism" title="Neo-capitalism">Neo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neoliberalism" title="Neoliberalism">Neoliberal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nordic_capitalism" class="mw-redirect" title="Nordic capitalism">Nordic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarcho-capitalism" title="Anarcho-capitalism">Private</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raw_capitalism" class="mw-redirect" title="Raw capitalism">Raw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regulated_market" title="Regulated market">Regulated market</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regulatory_capitalism" title="Regulatory capitalism">Regulatory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhine_capitalism" class="mw-redirect" title="Rhine capitalism">Rhine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_capitalism" class="mw-redirect" title="Social capitalism">Social</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_capitalism" title="State capitalism">State</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State-sponsored_capitalism" class="mw-redirect" title="State-sponsored capitalism">State-sponsored</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welfare_capitalism" title="Welfare capitalism">Welfare</a></li></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_capitalism" title="Culture of capitalism">Cultural aspects</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <li><a href="/wiki/Advertising" title="Advertising">Advertising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Dream" title="American Dream">American Dream</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Friday_(shopping)" title="Black Friday (shopping)">Black Friday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consumerism" title="Consumerism">Consumerism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decentralization" title="Decentralization">Decentralization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_freedom" title="Economic freedom">Economic freedom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_mobility" title="Economic mobility">Economic mobility</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Individualism" title="Individualism">Individualism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberalism" title="Liberalism">Liberalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberty" title="Liberty">Liberty</a></li> <li>Mainstream</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philanthropy" title="Philanthropy">Philanthropy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Private_foundation" title="Private foundation">Private foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Private_property" title="Private property">Private property</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rule_of_law#In_relation_to_economics" title="Rule of law">Rule of law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_alienation" title="Social alienation">Social alienation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spontaneous_order" title="Spontaneous order">Spontaneous order</a></li></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Social aspects</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <li><a href="/wiki/Corporatism" title="Corporatism">Corporatism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_inequality" title="Economic inequality">Economic inequality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Employment" title="Employment">Employment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_association" title="Freedom of association">Freedom of association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labour_market_flexibility" title="Labour market flexibility">Labour market flexibility</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labour_supply" title="Labour supply">Labour supply</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Productivity" title="Productivity">Productivity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prosperity" title="Prosperity">Prosperity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syndicate" title="Syndicate">Syndicate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_venture_capital" title="Social venture capital">Social venture capital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unemployment" title="Unemployment">Unemployment</a></li></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_capitalism" title="Criticism of capitalism">Criticism</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-capitalism" title="Anti-capitalism">Anti-capitalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capitalist_propaganda" title="Capitalist propaganda">Capitalist propaganda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Critique_of_political_economy" title="Critique of political economy">Critique of political economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Critique_of_work" title="Critique of work">Critique of work</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Market_fundamentalism" title="Market fundamentalism">Market fundamentalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marxism" title="Marxism">Marxism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wage_slavery" title="Wage slavery">Wage slavery</a></li></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Antithesis</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism" title="Anarchism">Anarchism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarcho-communism" class="mw-redirect" title="Anarcho-communism">Anarcho-communism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarcho-primitivism" title="Anarcho-primitivism">Anarcho-primitivism</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Anarcho-syndicalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collectivist_anarchism" title="Collectivist anarchism">Collectivist anarchism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communalism_(Bookchin)" class="mw-redirect" title="Communalism (Bookchin)">Communalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communism" title="Communism">Communism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_democracy" title="Economic democracy">Economic democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eco-socialism" title="Eco-socialism">Eco-socialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free-market_socialism" class="mw-redirect" title="Free-market socialism">Free-market socialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_anarchism" title="Green anarchism">Green anarchism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Individualist_anarchism" title="Individualist anarchism">Individualist anarchism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_socialism" title="Libertarian socialism">Libertarian socialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Market_anarchism" title="Market anarchism">Market anarchism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Market_socialism" title="Market socialism">Market socialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mutualism_(economic_theory)" title="Mutualism (economic theory)">Mutualism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-capitalism" title="Post-capitalism">Post-capitalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-scarcity_economy" class="mw-redirect" title="Post-scarcity economy">Post-scarcity economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sharing_economy" title="Sharing economy">Sharing economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_anarchism" title="Social anarchism">Social anarchism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialism" title="Socialism">Socialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syndicalism" title="Syndicalism">Syndicalism</a></li></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Libertarian_socialism" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Libertarian_socialism_navbox" title="Template:Libertarian socialism navbox"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Libertarian_socialism_navbox" title="Template talk:Libertarian socialism navbox"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Libertarian_socialism_navbox" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Libertarian socialism navbox"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Libertarian_socialism" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span style="vertical-align:1px;"><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_socialism" title="Libertarian socialism">Libertarian socialism</a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Schools<br />of thought</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism" title="Anarchism">Anarchism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Collectivist_anarchism" title="Collectivist anarchism">Collectivist anarchism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchist_communism" title="Anarchist communism">Anarchist communism</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Anarcho-syndicalism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guild_socialism" title="Guild socialism">Guild socialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marxism" title="Marxism">Marxism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Autonomism" title="Autonomism">Autonomism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialisme_ou_Barbarie" title="Socialisme ou Barbarie">Chalieu-Montal Tendency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_communism" title="Council communism">Council communism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frankfurt_School" title="Frankfurt School">Frankfurt School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freudo-Marxism" title="Freudo-Marxism">Freudo-Marxism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Situationist_International" title="Situationist International">Situationism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Utopian_socialism" title="Utopian socialism">Utopian socialism</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="6" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Communist_symbolism#Red_and_black_flag" title="Communist symbolism"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Anarchist_flag.svg/100px-Anarchist_flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="67" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Anarchist_flag.svg/150px-Anarchist_flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Anarchist_flag.svg/200px-Anarchist_flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="341" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Concepts</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-authoritarianism" title="Anti-authoritarianism">Anti-authoritarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-capitalism" title="Anti-capitalism">Anti-capitalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Class_conflict" title="Class conflict">Class conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Common_ownership" title="Common ownership">Common ownership</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decentralization" title="Decentralization">Decentralization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_democracy" title="Economic democracy">Economic democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egalitarian_community" title="Egalitarian community">Egalitarian community</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_association_of_producers" title="Free association of producers">Free association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mutual_aid_(organization_theory)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mutual aid (organization theory)">Mutual aid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Worker_cooperative" title="Worker cooperative">Worker cooperative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Workers%27_control" title="Workers' control">Workers' control</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Workers%27_self-management" title="Workers' self-management">Workers' self-management</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Models</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Communalism_(Bookchin)" class="mw-redirect" title="Communalism (Bookchin)">Communalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decentralized_planning_(economics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Decentralized planning (economics)">Decentralized planning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_democracy" title="Economic democracy">Economic democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guild_socialism" title="Guild socialism">Guild socialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inclusive_Democracy" class="mw-redirect" title="Inclusive Democracy">Inclusive Democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Market_abolitionism" class="mw-redirect" title="Market abolitionism">Market abolitionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Participatory_economics" title="Participatory economics">Participatory economics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialization_(economics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Socialization (economics)">Socialization</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">People</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">19th <abbr title="century">c.</abbr></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Fourier" title="Charles Fourier">Charles Fourier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Pearl_Andrews" title="Stephen Pearl Andrews">Stephen Pearl Andrews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Bakunin" title="Mikhail Bakunin">Mikhail Bakunin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_D%C3%A9jacque" title="Joseph Déjacque">Joseph Déjacque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Hodgskin" title="Thomas Hodgskin">Thomas Hodgskin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Kropotkin" title="Peter Kropotkin">Peter Kropotkin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gustav_Landauer" title="Gustav Landauer">Gustav Landauer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbert_Marcuse" title="Herbert Marcuse">Herbert Marcuse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Morris" title="William Morris">William Morris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonie_Pannekoek" class="mw-redirect" title="Antonie Pannekoek">Antonie Pannekoek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francesc_Pi_i_Maragall" class="mw-redirect" title="Francesc Pi i Maragall">Francesc Pi i Maragall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre-Joseph_Proudhon" title="Pierre-Joseph Proudhon">Pierre-Joseph Proudhon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Reich" title="Wilhelm Reich">Wilhelm Reich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudolf_Rocker" title="Rudolf Rocker">Rudolf Rocker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otto_R%C3%BChle" title="Otto Rühle">Otto Rühle</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">20th <abbr title="century">c.</abbr></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Albert" title="Michael Albert">Michael Albert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murray_Bookchin" title="Murray Bookchin">Murray Bookchin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornelius_Castoriadis" title="Cornelius Castoriadis">Cornelius Castoriadis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noam_Chomsky" title="Noam Chomsky">Noam Chomsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G._D._H._Cole" title="G. D. H. Cole">G. D. H. Cole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Takis_Fotopoulos" title="Takis Fotopoulos">Takis Fotopoulos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Goodman" title="Paul Goodman">Paul Goodman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robin_Hahnel" title="Robin Hahnel">Robin Hahnel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Gu%C3%A9rin" title="Daniel Guérin">Daniel Guérin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chris_Pallis" title="Chris Pallis">Chris Pallis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Significant<br />events</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_Workingmen%27s_Association" title="International Workingmen's Association">International Workingmen's Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolutions_of_1917%E2%80%931923" title="Revolutions of 1917–1923">Revolutions of 1917–1923</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Revolution_of_1936" title="Spanish Revolution of 1936">Spanish Revolution of 1936</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Left" title="New Left">New Left</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_social_movements" title="New social movements">New social movements</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Related</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Communism" title="Communism">Communism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Left-libertarianism" title="Left-libertarianism">Left-libertarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarianism" title="Libertarianism">Libertarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_democracy" title="Social democracy">Social democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialism" title="Socialism">Socialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syndicalism" title="Syndicalism">Syndicalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Critique_of_political_economy" title="Critique of political economy">Critique of political economy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Syndicalism" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Syndicalism" title="Template:Syndicalism"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Syndicalism" title="Template talk:Syndicalism"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Syndicalism" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Syndicalism"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Syndicalism" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span style="vertical-align:1px;"><a href="/wiki/Syndicalism" title="Syndicalism">Syndicalism</a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Precursors</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Guild_socialism" title="Guild socialism">Guild socialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orthodox_Marxism" title="Orthodox Marxism">Orthodox Marxism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolutions_of_1848" title="Revolutions of 1848">Revolutions of 1848</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Utopian_socialism" title="Utopian socialism">Utopian socialism</a></li></ul></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="6" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:The_hand_that_will_rule_the_world.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title=""The Hand That Will Rule The World—One Big Union""><img alt=""The Hand That Will Rule The World—One Big Union"" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/The_hand_that_will_rule_the_world.jpg/100px-The_hand_that_will_rule_the_world.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="81" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/The_hand_that_will_rule_the_world.jpg/150px-The_hand_that_will_rule_the_world.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/The_hand_that_will_rule_the_world.jpg/200px-The_hand_that_will_rule_the_world.jpg 2x" data-file-width="443" data-file-height="360" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Variants</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Anarchist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_communism" title="Council communism">Council communism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/De_Leonism" title="De Leonism">De Leonism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fascist_syndicalism" title="Fascist syndicalism">Fascist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_syndicalism" class="mw-redirect" title="Green syndicalism">Green</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_syndicalism" title="National syndicalism">Nationalist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sorelianism" title="Sorelianism">Sorelianism</a></li></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economy" title="Economy">Economics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <li><a href="/wiki/Co-operative_economics" title="Co-operative economics">Co-operative economics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labour_economics" title="Labour economics">Labour economics</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/General_strike" title="General strike">General strike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labor_rights" title="Labor rights">Labour rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trade_union" title="Trade union">Labour unionisation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Workers%27_self-management" title="Workers' self-management">Workers' self-management</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mutual_aid_(organization_theory)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mutual aid (organization theory)">Mutual aid</a></li></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_trade_unions" title="List of trade unions">Organisations</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Workingmen%27s_Association" title="International Workingmen's Association">International Workingmen's Association</a> (1864–1876)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/IWA%E2%80%93AIT" title="IWA–AIT">IWA–AIT</a> and affiliates <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Argentine_Regional_Workers%27_Federation" title="Argentine Regional Workers' Federation">Argentine Regional Workers' Federation</a> (FORA)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazilian_Workers_Confederation" class="mw-redirect" title="Brazilian Workers Confederation">Brazilian Workers Confederation</a> (COB)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confederaci%C3%B3n_Nacional_del_Trabajo" title="Confederación Nacional del Trabajo">Confederación Nacional del Trabajo</a> (CNT–AIT, Spain)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confederation_of_Revolutionary_Anarcho-Syndicalists" class="mw-redirect" title="Confederation of Revolutionary Anarcho-Syndicalists">Confederation of Revolutionary Anarcho-Syndicalists</a> (CRAS, Russia)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_Workers%27_Union" title="Free Workers' Union">Free Workers' Union</a> (FAU, Germany)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norsk_Syndikalistisk_Forbund" title="Norsk Syndikalistisk Forbund">Norsk Syndikalistisk Forbund</a> (NSF–IAA, Norway)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solidarity_Federation" title="Solidarity Federation">Solidarity Federation</a> (SF–IWA, Britain)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Confederation_of_Labour_(Spain)" title="General Confederation of Labour (Spain)">General Confederation of Labour</a> (CGT, Spain)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Industrial_Workers_of_the_World" title="Industrial Workers of the World">Industrial Workers of the World</a> (IWW) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Industrial_Workers_of_the_World_(Chile)" title="Industrial Workers of the World (Chile)">IWW-Chile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Industrial_Workers_of_the_World_(South_Africa)" title="Industrial Workers of the World (South Africa)">IWW-South Africa</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_Transport_and_General_Workers%27_Union" title="Irish Transport and General Workers' Union">Irish Transport and General Workers' Union</a> (ITGWU)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fagoppositionens_Sammenslutning" title="Fagoppositionens Sammenslutning">Fagoppositionens Sammenslutning</a> (FS, Denmark)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Workers%27_Union_(Portugal)" title="National Workers' Union (Portugal)">National Workers' Union</a> (UON, Portugal)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/SAC_Syndikalisterna" title="SAC Syndikalisterna">Sveriges Arbetares Centralorganisation</a> (SAC, Sweden) </li></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Thompson_Bain" title="James Thompson Bain">Bain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89douard_Berth" title="Édouard Berth">Berth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alceste_De_Ambris" title="Alceste De Ambris">De Ambris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_De_Leon" title="Daniel De Leon">De Leon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Delesalle" title="Paul Delesalle">Delesalle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Fitzgerald_(trade_unionist)" title="Mary Fitzgerald (trade unionist)">Fitzgerald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victor_Griffuelhes" title="Victor Griffuelhes">Griffuelhes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Haywood" title="Bill Haywood">Haywood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89mile_Janvion" title="Émile Janvion">Janvion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9on_Jouhaux" title="Léon Jouhaux">Jouhaux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hubert_Lagardelle" title="Hubert Lagardelle">Lagardelle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Larkin" title="James Larkin">Larkin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Monatte" title="Pierre Monatte">Monatte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juan_Garc%C3%ADa_Oliver" title="Juan García Oliver">García</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sergio_Panunzio" title="Sergio Panunzio">Panunzio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fernand_Pelloutier" title="Fernand Pelloutier">Pelloutier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudolf_Rocker" title="Rudolf Rocker">Rocker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georges_Sorel" title="Georges Sorel">Sorel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georges_Valois" title="Georges Valois">Valois</a></li></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <li><a href="/wiki/Communism" title="Communism">Communism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Copyleft" title="Copyleft">Copyleft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corporatism" title="Corporatism">Corporatism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_capitalism" title="Criticism of capitalism">Criticism of capitalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_copyright" title="Criticism of copyright">Criticism of copyright</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Critique_of_work" title="Critique of work">Critique of work</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fascism" title="Fascism">Fascism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labour_power" title="Labour power">Labour power</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_socialism" title="Libertarian socialism">Libertarian socialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-capitalism" title="Post-capitalism">Post-capitalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revisionism_(Marxism)" title="Revisionism (Marxism)">Revisionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialism" title="Socialism">Socialism</a></li></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="3"><div> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:BlackFlagSymbol.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/BlackFlagSymbol.svg/15px-BlackFlagSymbol.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" 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