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اوزار"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="ڏيک"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="ڏيک" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled 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type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="ذاتي اوزار" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">ذاتي اوزار</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="واپرائيندڙ جو مينيو" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a 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ٿيو</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> ٻاھر نڪتل سنواريندڙن لاءِ صفحا <a href="/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%AF:%D8%AA%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%81" aria-label="سنوارڻ بابت وڌيڪ ڄاڻيو"><span>وڌيڪ ڄاڻيو</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B5:%D9%85%D9%86%D9%87%D9%86%D8%AC%D9%88%D9%86_%DA%80%D8%A7%DA%B1%D9%8A%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%86" title="ھن آئپي پتي کان ڪيل سنوارن جي فھرست [y]" accesskey="y"><span>ڀاڱيداريون</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B5:%D9%85%D9%88%D9%86_%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%86_%DA%B3%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%87%D9%87" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>هن آءِ پِي سان ڳالهه</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> 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class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="فھرست" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">فھرست</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">سائڊبار ڏانھن چوريو</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">لڪايو</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">تعارف</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-ماڊل_جون_خاصيتون" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ماڊل_جون_خاصيتون"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>ماڊل جون خاصيتون</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ماڊل_جون_خاصيتون-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-ٽائم_لائن" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ٽائم_لائن"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>ٽائم لائن</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ٽائم_لائن-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-تصور_جي_تاريخ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#تصور_جي_تاريخ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>تصور جي تاريخ</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-تصور_جي_تاريخ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-مشاهدي_جو_ثبوت" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#مشاهدي_جو_ثبوت"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>مشاهدي جو ثبوت</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-مشاهدي_جو_ثبوت-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-فزڪس_۾_مسئلا_۽_لاڳاپيل_مسئلا" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#فزڪس_۾_مسئلا_۽_لاڳاپيل_مسئلا"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>فزڪس ۾ مسئلا ۽ لاڳاپيل مسئلا</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-فزڪس_۾_مسئلا_۽_لاڳاپيل_مسئلا-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-غلط_فهميون" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#غلط_فهميون"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>غلط فهميون</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-غلط_فهميون-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-اثر" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#اثر"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>اثر</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-اثر-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-پڻ_ڏسو" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#پڻ_ڏسو"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>پڻ ڏسو</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-پڻ_ڏسو-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-خارجي_لنڪس" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#خارجي_لنڪس"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>خارجي لنڪس</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-خارجي_لنڪس-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-حوالا" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#حوالا"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>حوالا</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-حوالا-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="فھرست" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="عنوانن جي فھرست کي ٽوگل ڪريو" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">عنوانن جي فھرست کي ٽوگل ڪريو</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">بگ بينگ</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="ڪنھن مضمون ڏانھن ڪنھن ٻي ٻوليءَ ۾ وڃو. 161 ٻولين ۾ موجود آھي" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-161" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">161 ٻوليون</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oerknal" title="Oerknal – آفريڪي" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Oerknal" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="آفريڪي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urknall" title="Urknall – سوئس جرمن" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Urknall" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="سوئس جرمن" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%89%A2%E1%8C%8D_%E1%89%A3%E1%8A%95%E1%8C%8D" title="ቢግ ባንግ – امهاري" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ቢግ ባንግ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="امهاري" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Big_Bang" title="Big Bang – ارگني" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Big Bang" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="ارگني" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%97_%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%97" title="बिग बैंग – انجيڪا" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="बिग बैंग" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="انجيڪا" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="چونڊ مضمون"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%81%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B8%D9%8A%D9%85" title="الانفجار العظيم – عربي" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="الانفجار العظيم" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="عربي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%8A%DD%A3_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86%DD%A3" title="لبيݣ بانݣ – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="لبيݣ بانݣ" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%81%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B8%D9%8A%D9%85" title="الانفجار العظيم – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="الانفجار العظيم" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A6" title="মহানাদ – آسامي" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="মহানাদ" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="آسامي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teor%C3%ADa_del_Big_Bang" title="Teoría del Big Bang – اسٽورين" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Teoría del Big Bang" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="اسٽورين" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="چونڊ مضمون"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%B6y%C3%BCk_partlay%C4%B1%C5%9F" title="Böyük partlayış – آزربائيجاني" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Böyük partlayış" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="آزربائيجاني" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%A4%DB%8C%D9%88%DA%A9_%D9%BE%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AA%D9%84%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C%D8%B4" title="بؤیوک پارتلاییش – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="بؤیوک پارتلاییش" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="چونڊ مضمون"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%98%D1%83%D1%80_%D1%88%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%83" title="Ҙур шартлау – ڪينيڊا" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Ҙур шартлау" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="ڪينيڊا" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uaknoi" title="Uaknoi – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Uaknoi" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C4%97d%C4%93sis_spruog%C4%97ms" title="Dėdēsis spruogėms – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Dėdēsis spruogėms" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%8F%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BA%D1%96_%D0%B2%D1%8B%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%85" title="Вялікі выбух – بيلاروسي" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Вялікі выбух" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="بيلاروسي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%8F%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BA%D1%96_%D0%B2%D1%8B%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%85" title="Вялікі выбух – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Вялікі выбух" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%93%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%B2%D0%B7%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B2" title="Теория на Големия взрив – بلغاريائي" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Теория на Големия взрив" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="بلغاريائي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%97_%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%97" title="बिग बैंग – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="बिग बैंग" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AB%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%A3_%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC" title="মহাবিস্ফোরণ তত্ত্ব – بنگلا" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="মহাবিস্ফোরণ তত্ত্ব" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="بنگلا" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%A0%E0%BD%87%E0%BD%B2%E0%BD%82%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A2%E0%BE%9F%E0%BD%BA%E0%BD%93%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A0%E0%BD%96%E0%BD%A2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%82%E0%BD%A6%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%86%E0%BD%BA%E0%BD%93%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%94%E0%BD%BC%E0%BC%8D" title="འཇིག་རྟེན་འབར་གས་ཆེན་པོ། – تبيتائي" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="འཇིག་རྟེན་འབར་གས་ཆེན་པོ།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="تبيتائي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bpy mw-list-item"><a href="https://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%97_%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%82" title="বিগ ব্যাং – Bishnupriya" lang="bpy" hreflang="bpy" data-title="বিগ ব্যাং" data-language-autonym="বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী" data-language-local-name="Bishnupriya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Big_Bang" title="Big Bang – بريٽن" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Big Bang" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="بريٽن" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veliki_prasak" title="Veliki prasak – بوسنيائي" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Veliki prasak" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="بوسنيائي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-btm mw-list-item"><a href="https://btm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mapultak_Gogo" title="Mapultak Gogo – Batak Mandailing" lang="btm" hreflang="btm" data-title="Mapultak Gogo" data-language-autonym="Batak Mandailing" data-language-local-name="Batak Mandailing" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Batak Mandailing</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D1%85%D1%8D_%D1%82%D1%8D%D2%BB%D1%8D%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%BB%D0%B3%D1%8D" title="Ехэ тэһэрэлгэ – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Ехэ тэһэрэлгэ" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="چونڊ مضمون"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Big-bang" title="Big-bang – ڪيٽالان" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Big-bang" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="ڪيٽالان" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%99%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BA%D1%85%D0%B0_%D1%8D%D0%BA%D0%BA%D1%85%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Йоккха эккхар – چیچن" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Йоккха эккхар" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="چیچن" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Big_Bang" title="Big Bang – سبوانو" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Big Bang" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="سبوانو" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%DB%95%D9%82%DB%8C%D9%86%DB%95%D9%88%DB%95_%DA%AF%DB%95%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%95%DA%A9%DB%95" title="تەقینەوە گەورەکە – مرڪزي ڪردش" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="تەقینەوە گەورەکە" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="مرڪزي ڪردش" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Velk%C3%BD_t%C5%99esk" title="Velký třesk – چيڪ" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Velký třesk" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="چيڪ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%8B%D1%81%C4%83%D0%BA_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BF%C4%95%D0%BD%D3%B3" title="Пысăк сирпĕнӳ – چو واش" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Пысăк сирпĕнӳ" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="چو واش" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damcaniaeth_y_Glec_Fawr" title="Damcaniaeth y Glec Fawr – ويلش" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Damcaniaeth y Glec Fawr" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="ويلش" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="recommended article"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Big_Bang" title="Big Bang – ڊينش" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Big Bang" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="ڊينش" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="بهترين مضمون"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urknall" title="Urknall – جرمن" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Urknall" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="جرمن" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CE%B5%CE%B3%CE%AC%CE%BB%CE%B7_%CE%88%CE%BA%CF%81%CE%B7%CE%BE%CE%B7" title="Μεγάλη Έκρηξη – يوناني" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Μεγάλη Έκρηξη" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="يوناني" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/Big_Bang" title="Big Bang – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="Big Bang" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Emiliàn e rumagnòl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Big_Bang" title="Big Bang – انگريزي" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Big Bang" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="انگريزي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Praeksplodo" title="Praeksplodo – ايسپرانٽو" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Praeksplodo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="ايسپرانٽو" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Big_Bang" title="Big Bang – هسپانوي" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Big Bang" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="هسپانوي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suur_Pauk" title="Suur Pauk – ايستونائي" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Suur Pauk" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="ايستونائي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="چونڊ مضمون"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Big_Bang" title="Big Bang – باسق" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Big Bang" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="باسق" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teor%C3%ADa_del_Big_Bang" title="Teoría del Big Bang – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Teoría del Big Bang" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%87%E2%80%8C%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AF" title="مه‌بانگ – فارسي" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="مه‌بانگ" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="فارسي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkur%C3%A4j%C3%A4hdys" title="Alkuräjähdys – فنش" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Alkuräjähdys" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="فنش" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maru_Mats" title="Maru Mats – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Maru Mats" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Big_Bang" title="Big Bang – فرانسيسي" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Big Bang" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="فرانسيسي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uurknal" title="Uurknal – اترين فريسين" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Uurknal" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="اترين فريسين" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oerknal" title="Oerknal – مغربي فريشن" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Oerknal" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="مغربي فريشن" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_Ollphl%C3%A9asc" title="An Ollphléasc – آئرش" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="An Ollphléasc" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="آئرش" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Big_Bang" title="Big Bang – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Big Bang" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brag_M%C3%B2r" title="Brag Mòr – اسڪاٽش گيلڪ" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Brag Mòr" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="اسڪاٽش گيلڪ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Big-bang" title="Big-bang – گليشئين" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Big-bang" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="گليشئين" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-glk mw-list-item"><a href="https://glk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%DB%8C%D9%84%D8%A7_%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%81%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%B1" title="پیلا انفجار – Gilaki" lang="glk" hreflang="glk" data-title="پیلا انفجار" data-language-autonym="گیلکی" data-language-local-name="Gilaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>گیلکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Big_Bang" title="Big Bang – گواراني" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Big Bang" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="گواراني" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%AC%E0%AA%BF%E0%AA%97_%E0%AA%AC%E0%AB%87%E0%AA%82%E0%AA%97" title="બિગ બેંગ – گجراتي" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="બિગ બેંગ" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="گجراتي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%9E%D7%A4%D7%A5_%D7%94%D7%92%D7%93%D7%95%D7%9C" title="המפץ הגדול – عبراني" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="המפץ הגדול" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="عبراني" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%9F_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4" title="महाविस्फोट सिद्धान्त – هندي" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="महाविस्फोट सिद्धान्त" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="هندي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahaa_dhamaka" title="Mahaa dhamaka – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Mahaa dhamaka" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veliki_prasak" title="Veliki prasak – ڪروشيائي" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Veliki prasak" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="ڪروشيائي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Big_Bang" title="Big Bang – هيٽي ڪرولي" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Big Bang" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="هيٽي ڪرولي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%90srobban%C3%A1s" title="Ősrobbanás – هنگري" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Ősrobbanás" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="هنگري" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%84%D5%A5%D5%AE_%D5%BA%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Մեծ պայթյուն – ارماني" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Մեծ պայթյուն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="ارماني" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Big_Bang" title="Big Bang – انٽرلنگئا" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Big Bang" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="انٽرلنگئا" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="بهترين مضمون"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ledakan_Dahsyat" title="Ledakan Dahsyat – انڊونيشي" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Ledakan Dahsyat" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="انڊونيشي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nnukwu_Mgbawa" title="Nnukwu Mgbawa – اگبو" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="Nnukwu Mgbawa" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="اگبو" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Igbo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Big_Bang" title="Big Bang – الوڪو" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Big Bang" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="الوڪو" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prima_Explozo" title="Prima Explozo – ادو" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Prima Explozo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ادو" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miklihvellur" title="Miklihvellur – آئيس لينڊڪ" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Miklihvellur" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="آئيس لينڊڪ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Big_Bang" title="Big Bang – اطالوي" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Big Bang" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="اطالوي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%93%E3%83%83%E3%82%B0%E3%83%90%E3%83%B3" title="ビッグバン – جاپاني" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ビッグバン" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="جاپاني" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Big_Bang" title="Big Bang – Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Big Bang" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Big_Bang" title="Big Bang – جاونيز" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Big Bang" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="جاونيز" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%93%E1%83%98%E1%83%93%E1%83%98_%E1%83%90%E1%83%A4%E1%83%94%E1%83%97%E1%83%A5%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%90" title="დიდი აფეთქება – جارجيائي" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="დიდი აფეთქება" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="جارجيائي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%9Alken_jar%C4%B1l%C4%B1w" title="Úlken jarılıw – Kara-Kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Úlken jarılıw" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Kara-Kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Big_Bang" title="Big Bang – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Big Bang" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%BE%D0%B9%D2%9B%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D0%B6%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BB%D1%8B%D1%81" title="Жойқын жарылыс – قازق" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Жойқын жарылыс" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="قازق" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AE%E0%B2%B9%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AB%E0%B3%8B%E0%B2%9F" title="ಮಹಾಸ್ಫೋಟ – ڪناڊا" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಮಹಾಸ್ಫೋಟ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="ڪناڊا" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%8C%80%ED%8F%AD%EB%B0%9C" title="대폭발 – ڪوريائي" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="대폭발" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="ڪوريائي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-krc mw-list-item"><a href="https://krc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%BB%D0%BB%D1%83_%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BB%D1%8B%D1%83" title="Уллу атылыу – ڪراچي بالڪر" lang="krc" hreflang="krc" data-title="Уллу атылыу" data-language-autonym="Къарачай-малкъар" data-language-local-name="ڪراچي بالڪر" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Къарачай-малкъар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teq%C3%AEna_Mezin" title="Teqîna Mezin – ڪردي" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Teqîna Mezin" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="ڪردي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bom_Bras" title="Bom Bras – ڪورنش" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Bom Bras" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="ڪورنش" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%BE%D2%A3_%D0%B6%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BB%D1%83%D1%83" title="Чоң жарылуу – ڪرغيز" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Чоң жарылуу" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="ڪرغيز" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immanis_diruptio" title="Immanis diruptio – لاطيني" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Immanis diruptio" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="لاطيني" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urknall" title="Urknall – لگزمبرگ" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Urknall" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="لگزمبرگ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D3%80%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B8_%D1%85%D1%8A%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BA%D1%8C%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%BD" title="ЧӀехи хъиткьинун – ليزگهين" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="ЧӀехи хъиткьинун" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="ليزگهين" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buma_grande" title="Buma grande – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Buma grande" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oerknal" title="Oerknal – لمبرگش" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Oerknal" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="لمبرگش" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gran_Stlaf" title="Gran Stlaf – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Gran Stlaf" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Big_Bang" title="Big Bang – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Big Bang" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%9A%E0%BA%B4%E0%BA%81%E0%BB%81%E0%BA%9A%E0%BA%87" title="ບິກແບງ – لائو" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ບິກແບງ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="لائو" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Didysis_sprogimas" title="Didysis sprogimas – ليٿونيائي" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Didysis sprogimas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="ليٿونيائي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lielais_spr%C4%81dziens" title="Lielais sprādziens – لاتوين" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Lielais sprādziens" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="لاتوين" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Големата експлозија – ميسي ڊونيائي" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Големата експлозија" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="ميسي ڊونيائي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%B9%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AB%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%82" title="മഹാവിസ്ഫോടനം – مليالم" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="മഹാവിസ്ഫോടനം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="مليالم" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%85_%D0%A2%D1%8D%D1%81%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%BB%D1%82" title="Их Тэсрэлт – منگولي" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Их Тэсрэлт" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="منگولي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%9F" title="महास्फोट – مراٺي" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="महास्फोट" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="مراٺي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Letupan_Besar" title="Letupan Besar – ملي" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Letupan Besar" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="ملي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Big_Bang" title="Big Bang – مرانڊيز" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Big Bang" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="مرانڊيز" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%99%E1%80%9F%E1%80%AC%E1%80%85%E1%80%80%E1%80%BC%E1%80%9D%E1%80%A0%E1%80%AC_%E1%80%95%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AB%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA%E1%80%80%E1%80%BD%E1%80%B2%E1%80%99%E1%80%BE%E1%80%AF%E1%80%80%E1%80%BC%E1%80%AE%E1%80%B8" title="မဟာစကြဝဠာ ပေါက်ကွဲမှုကြီး – برمي" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="မဟာစကြဝဠာ ပေါက်ကွဲမှုကြီး" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="برمي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%DB%8C%DA%AF_%D8%A8%D9%86%DA%AF" title="بیگ بنگ – مزيندراني" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="بیگ بنگ" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="مزيندراني" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oorknall" title="Oorknall – لو جرمن" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Oorknall" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="لو جرمن" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%9F_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4" title="महाविस्फोट सिद्धान्त – نيپالي" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="महाविस्फोट सिद्धान्त" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="نيپالي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%97_%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%99%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%97" title="बिग ब्याङ्ग – نيواري" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="बिग ब्याङ्ग" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="نيواري" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oerknal" title="Oerknal – ڊچ" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Oerknal" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="ڊچ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Big_Bang" title="Big Bang – نارويائي نيوناسڪ" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Big Bang" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="نارويائي نيوناسڪ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Big_Bang" title="Big Bang – نارويائي بوڪمال" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Big Bang" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="نارويائي بوڪمال" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grand_Pataflias" title="Grand Pataflias – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Grand Pataflias" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Big_Bang" title="Big Bang – آڪسيٽن" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Big Bang" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="آڪسيٽن" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dhohinsa_Muummee" title="Dhohinsa Muummee – اورومو" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Dhohinsa Muummee" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="اورومو" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%AE%E0%AC%B9%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%AC%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%B8%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%AB%E0%AD%8B%E0%AC%9F_%E0%AC%B8%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%A6%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%A7%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%A8%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%A4" title="ମହାବିସ୍ଫୋଟ ସିଦ୍ଧାନ୍ତ – اوڊيا" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ମହାବିସ୍ଫୋଟ ସିଦ୍ଧାନ୍ତ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="اوڊيا" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%B9%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%82_%E0%A8%A7%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BE" title="ਮਹਾਂ ਧਮਾਕਾ – پنجابي" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਮਹਾਂ ਧਮਾਕਾ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="پنجابي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wielki_Wybuch" title="Wielki Wybuch – پولش" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Wielki Wybuch" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="پولش" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grand_%C3%ABs-ci%C3%B2p" title="Grand ës-ciòp – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Grand ës-ciòp" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%DA%AF_%D8%A8%DB%8C%D9%86%DA%AF" title="بگ بینگ – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="بگ بینگ" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%DB%90%DA%AB_%D8%A8%DB%90%D9%86%DA%AB" title="بېګ بېنګ – پشتو" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="بېګ بېنګ" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="پشتو" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="چونڊ مضمون"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Big_Bang" title="Big Bang – پورٽگليز" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Big Bang" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="پورٽگليز" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hatun_t%27uqyay" title="Hatun t'uqyay – ڪيچوا" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Hatun t'uqyay" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="ڪيچوا" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Big_Bang" title="Big Bang – روماني" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Big Bang" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="روماني" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/Big_Bang" title="Big Bang – ارومينين" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Big Bang" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="ارومينين" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Armãneashti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%88%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%B2%D0%B7%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%B2" title="Большой взрыв – روسي" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Большой взрыв" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="روسي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%B2%D1%8B%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%85" title="Великый выбух – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Великый выбух" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D-%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%99%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D" title="बिग्-ब्याङ्ग् – سنسڪرت" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="बिग्-ब्याङ्ग्" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="سنسڪرت" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D2%AF%D0%B4%D2%AF_%D1%8D%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B8" title="Сүдү эстии – ساخا" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Сүдү эстии" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="ساخا" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Big_Bang" title="Big Bang – سسلي" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Big Bang" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="سسلي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Big_Bang" title="Big Bang – اسڪاٽس" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Big Bang" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="اسڪاٽس" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="چونڊ مضمون"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%81lgob%C3%A1vkkeheapmi" title="Álgobávkkeheapmi – اتر سامي" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Álgobávkkeheapmi" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="اتر سامي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veliki_prasak" title="Veliki prasak – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Veliki prasak" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%84%E0%B7%8F_%E0%B6%B4%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%B4%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%94%E0%B6%B8" title="මහා පිපිරුම – سنهالا" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="මහා පිපිරුම" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="سنهالا" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Big_Bang" title="Big Bang – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Big Bang" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="چونڊ مضمون"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ve%C4%BEk%C3%BD_tresk" title="Veľký tresk – سلواڪي" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Veľký tresk" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="سلواڪي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prapok" title="Prapok – سلوويني" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Prapok" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="سلوويني" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Big_Bang" title="Big Bang – الباني" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Big Bang" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="الباني" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BA" title="Велики прасак – سربيائي" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Велики прасак" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="سربيائي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uurknal" title="Uurknal – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Uurknal" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Big_Bang" title="Big Bang – سوڊاني" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Big Bang" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="سوڊاني" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Big_bang" title="Big bang – سويڊش" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Big bang" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="سويڊش" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mlipuko_mkuu" title="Mlipuko mkuu – سواحيلي" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Mlipuko mkuu" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="سواحيلي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%81_%E0%AE%B5%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%81" title="பெரு வெடிப்புக் கோட்பாடு – تامل" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="பெரு வெடிப்புக் கோட்பாடு" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="تامل" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tcy mw-list-item"><a href="https://tcy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AE%E0%B2%B9%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AB%E0%B3%8B%E0%B2%9F%E0%B3%8A" title="ಮಹಾಸ್ಫೋಟೊ – Tulu" lang="tcy" hreflang="tcy" data-title="ಮಹಾಸ್ಫೋಟೊ" data-language-autonym="ತುಳು" data-language-local-name="Tulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ತುಳು</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%AC%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%97%E0%B1%8D_%E0%B0%AC%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%97%E0%B1%8D" title="బిగ్ బ్యాంగ్ – تلگو" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="బిగ్ బ్యాంగ్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="تلگو" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D2%B3%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B3" title="Меҳбонг – تاجڪ" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Меҳбонг" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="تاجڪ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="چونڊ مضمون"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%87" title="บิกแบง – ٿائي" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="บิกแบง" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="ٿائي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uly_partlama" title="Uly partlama – ترڪمين" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Uly partlama" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="ترڪمين" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Big_Bang" title="Big Bang – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Big Bang" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="چونڊ مضمون"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%BCy%C3%BCk_Patlama" title="Büyük Patlama – ترڪش" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Büyük Patlama" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="ترڪش" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D1%83%D1%80_%D0%A8%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%83" title="Зур Шартлау – تاتار" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Зур Шартлау" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="تاتار" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%85" title="Великий вибух – يوڪراني" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Великий вибух" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="يوڪراني" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%DA%AF_%D8%A8%DB%8C%D9%86%DA%AF" title="بگ بینگ – اردو" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="بگ بینگ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="اردو" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katta_portlash" title="Katta portlash – ازبڪ" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Katta portlash" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="ازبڪ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Big_Bang" title="Big Bang – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Big Bang" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sur%27_poukahtuz" title="Sur' poukahtuz – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Sur' poukahtuz" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="چونڊ مضمون"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%E1%BB%A5_N%E1%BB%95_L%E1%BB%9Bn" title="Vụ Nổ Lớn – ويتنامي" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Vụ Nổ Lớn" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="ويتنامي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Big_Bang" title="Big Bang – واري" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Big Bang" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="واري" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E7%88%86%E7%82%B8" title="大爆炸 – وو چيني" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="大爆炸" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="وو چيني" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%99%E1%83%90%E1%83%91%E1%83%94%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98_%E1%83%92%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A4%E1%83%90%E1%83%97%E1%83%A5%E1%83%A3%E1%83%90" title="კაბეტი გოფათქუა – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="კაბეტი გოფათქუა" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%91%D7%99%D7%92_%D7%91%D7%A2%D7%A0%D7%92" title="ביג בענג – يدش" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="ביג בענג" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="يدش" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="چونڊ مضمون"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E7%88%86%E7%82%B8" title="大爆炸 – چيني" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="大爆炸" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="چيني" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E9%9C%B9%E9%9D%82" title="大霹靂 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="大霹靂" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/To%C4%81-phek-le%CC%8Dk" title="Toā-phek-le̍k – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Toā-phek-le̍k" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%AE%87%E5%AE%99%E5%A4%A7%E7%88%86%E7%82%B8" title="宇宙大爆炸 – ڪينٽونيز" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="宇宙大爆炸" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="ڪينٽونيز" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q323#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="بين‌الزباني ڳنڍڻا سنواريو" class="wbc-editpage">ڳنڍڻن کي سنواريو</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="نانءُپولارَ"> <div 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href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%A8%DA%AF_%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%86%DA%AF&action=edit" title="هن صفحي جو مصدر ڪوڊ سنواريو [e]" accesskey="e"><span>سنواريو</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%A8%DA%AF_%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%86%DA%AF&action=history" title="ھن صفحي جا اڳوڻا ڀيرا [h]" accesskey="h"><span>سوانح ڏسو</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="صفحاتِي اوزار"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="اوزارَ" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">اوزارَ</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">اوزارَ</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">سائڊبار ڏانھن چوريو</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">لڪايو</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="وڌيڪ چارا" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> عمل </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D8%A8%DA%AF_%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%86%DA%AF"><span>پڙھو</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%A8%DA%AF_%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%86%DA%AF&action=edit" title="هن صفحي جو مصدر ڪوڊ سنواريو [e]" accesskey="e"><span>سنواريو</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%A8%DA%AF_%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%86%DA%AF&action=history"><span>سوانح ڏسو</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> عام </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B5:%D9%87%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86_%DA%B3%D9%86%DA%8D%D9%8A%D9%84_%D8%B5%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A7/%D8%A8%DA%AF_%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%86%DA%AF" title="ھتان ڳنڍيل سمورن وڪي صفحن جي فھرست [j]" accesskey="j"><span>هتان ڳنڍيل صفحا</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B5:RecentChangesLinked/%D8%A8%DA%AF_%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%86%DA%AF" rel="nofollow" title="ويجھڙائيءَ ۾ صفحن ۾ ٿيل تبديليون هن صفحي سان ڳنڍيل آهن [k]" accesskey="k"><span>لاڳاپيل تبديليون</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard?uselang=sd" title="فائيل چاڙهيو [u]" accesskey="u"><span>فائيل چاڙھيو</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B5:%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B5_%D8%B5%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A7" title="سڀني خاص صفحن جي فھرست [q]" accesskey="q"><span>خاص صفحا</span></a></li><li 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</div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">کليل ڄاڻ چيڪلي، وڪيپيڊيا مان</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-rtl mw-parser-output" lang="sd" dir="rtl"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Physical theory<a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%86%D9%88:SHORTDESC:Physical_theory&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="سانچو:SHORTDESC:Physical theory (صفحو وجود نٿو رکي)">سانچو:SHORTDESC:Physical theory</a></div> <div role="note" class="hatnote"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%AF:%D9%85%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%AC%DA%BE%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%BE" title="مدد:مسلجھائپ"><img alt="سلجھائپ صفحن جي لاءِ معاونت" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/List2_gray%26blue.svg/20px-List2_gray%26blue.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/List2_gray%26blue.svg/30px-List2_gray%26blue.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/List2_gray%26blue.svg/40px-List2_gray%26blue.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="220" data-file-height="168" /></a></span> نظر ھيٺ مضمون the theory تي آهي.  the television series جي لاءِ <a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Big_Bang_Theory&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Big Bang Theory (صفحو وجود نٿو رکي)"><i>The Big Bang Theory</i></a> ڏسو.</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%84:CMB_Timeline300_no_WMAP.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A model of the expanding universe opening up from the viewer's left, facing the viewer in a 3/4 pose." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/CMB_Timeline300_no_WMAP.jpg/330px-CMB_Timeline300_no_WMAP.jpg" decoding="async" width="330" height="218" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/CMB_Timeline300_no_WMAP.jpg/495px-CMB_Timeline300_no_WMAP.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/CMB_Timeline300_no_WMAP.jpg/660px-CMB_Timeline300_no_WMAP.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="1980" /></a><figcaption>ڪائنات جي توسيع جي ٽائم لائن، جتي خلا، بشمول ڪائنات جا فرضي ناقابل مشاهدا حصن جي نمائندگي، هر ٻار گول حصن سان ڪئي وئي آهي. کاٻي پاسي، ڊرامائي توسيع جيڪا افراط جي دور ۾ ٿئي ٿي؛ ۽ مرڪز ۾، توسيع تيز ٿئي ٿي (فنڪار جو تصور؛ نه ڪه وقت ۽ ماپ ماپڻ لاءِ).</figcaption></figure> <p><b>بگ بينگ</b> (Big Bang) هڪ طبيعياتي نظريو آهي جيڪو بيان ڪري ٿو ته <a href="/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%B4%D9%BD%D9%8A" title="سرشٽي">ڪائنات</a> ڪيئن هڪ اعلي درجي جي ڪثافت ۽ اعلي <a href="/wiki/%DA%AF%D8%B1%D9%85%D9%8A_%D9%BE%D8%AF_(%D9%81%D8%B2%DA%AA%D8%B3)" title="گرمي پد (فزڪس)">درجه حرارت</a> جي ابتدائي حالت کان ڦهلجي وئي.<sup id="cite_ref-HTUW2_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HTUW2-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> هڪ وسيع ڪائنات جو تصور پهريون ڀيرو سائنسي طور تي طبيعيات دان، اليگزينڊر فريڊمن پاران سال 1922ع ۾ فريڊمن جي مساواتن جي رياضياتي نڪتل سان پيدا ڪيو ويو.<sup id="cite_ref-m853_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-m853-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-z155_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-z155-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-c686_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-c686-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-c625_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-c625-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>فريڊمن جي ڪم کان آزاد، بگ بينگ پهريون ڀيرو سال1931ع ۾ رومن ڪيٿولڪ پادري ۽ طبيعيات دان، جارجس ليميتري طرفان تجويز ڪيو ويو جڏهن هن تجويز ڪيو ته ڪائنات هڪ ”ابتدائي ايٽم“ (Primeval Atom) مان نڪرندي آهي. بگ بينگ جا مختلف ڪائناتي نمونا، ابتدائي دورن کان وٺي ان جي ايندڙ وڏي پيماني تي فارم ذريعي، مشاهدي واري ڪائنات جي ارتقا جي وضاحت ڪن ٿا.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESilk2009208_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESilk2009208-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESingh2004560_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESingh2004560-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> اهي ماڊل مشاهدو ٿيل رجحان جي وسيع رينج لاءِ هڪ جامع وضاحت پيش ڪن ٿا، جن ۾ روشني عناصر جي گهڻائي، ڪائناتي مائڪرو ويڪرو پس منظر (سي ايم بي) تابڪاري ۽ وڏي پيماني تي ساختون شامل آهن. ڪائنات جي هڪجهڙائي، جنهن کي فليٽ جي مسئلي جي نالي سان سڃاتو وڃي ٿو، ڪائناتي افراط: ابتدائي لمحن دوران خلا جي اوچتو ۽ تمام تيز توسيع، جي ذريعي وضاحت ڪئي وئي آهي. </p><p>اهم طور تي، اهي ماڊل هبل-ليميتري قانون؛ اهو مشاهدو ته هڪ ڪهڪشان جيترو پري آهي، اوتري تيزيءَ سان ڌرتيءَ کان پري ٿي رهي آهي، سان مطابقت رکن ٿا. فزڪس جي ڄاڻايل قانونن کي استعمال ڪندي وقت ۾ هن ڪائناتي توسيع کي پٺتي وڌائيندي، ماڊل بيان ڪن ٿا وڌ کان وڌ مرڪوز ڪوسموس جيڪو هڪ واحديت کان اڳ ۾ آهي جنهن ۾ خلا ۽ وقت معنيٰ وڃائي ويٺا آهن (عام طور تي جنهن جو نالو بگ بينگ وحدانيت "The Big Bang singularity" آهي). <sup id="cite_ref-books.google.com2_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-books.google.com2-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> فزڪس وٽ ڪوانٽم ڪشش ثقل جو وڏي پيماني تي قبول ٿيل نظريي جو فقدان آهي جيڪو بگ بينگ جي ابتدائي حالتن کي ماڊل ڪري سگهي ٿو.سال 1964ع ۾ سي ايم بي دريافت ڪيو ويو، جنهن ڪيترن ئي ڪائنات جي ماهرن کي يقين ڏياريو ته برهماني ارتقاء جي مقابلي واري مستحڪم جالت جي ماڊل کي غلط ثابت ڪيو ويو آهي، ڇاڪاڻ ته بگ بينگ ماڊل اڳئين پس منظر جي شعاعن جي هڪجهڙائي جي اڳڪٿي ڪن ٿا جيڪو دور جي ماضي ۾ اعلي درجه حرارت ۽ کثافت جي ڪري ٿي.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> تجرباتي ثبوتن جو هڪ وسيع سلسلو بگ بينگ واقعي جي حمايت ڪري ٿو، جيڪو هاڻي بنيادي طور تي عالمي طور تي قبول ڪيو ويو آهي.<sup id="cite_ref-Kragh_19962_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kragh_19962-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ڪائنات جي توسيع جي شرح جي تفصيلي ماپن ۾ بگ بينگ واحديت کي اندازي مطابق 13.787±0.020 بلين سال اڳ رکي ٿو، جنهن کي ڪائنات جي عمر سمجهيو وڃي ٿو.<sup id="cite_ref-esa2_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-esa2-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>مشاهدي واري ڪائنات جا اهڙا پهلو باقي بچيا آهن جن جي اڃا تائين بگ بينگ ماڊلز طرفان مناسب وضاحت نه ڪئي وئي آهي. ان جي ابتدائي توسيع کان پوءِ، ڪائنات ڪافي ٿڌي ٿي وئي ته جيئن ذيلي ائٽمي ذرڙن ۽ بعد ۾ ايٽم ٺهڻ جي اجازت ڏني وڃي. مادي ۽ ضد مادو جي غير مساوي مقدار جيڪا هن کي ٿيڻ جي اجازت ڏني، اهو هڪ غير واضح اثر آهي جنهن کي بيريون اسيميٽري طور سڃاتو وڃي ٿو. اهي بنيادي عنصر؛ گهڻو ڪري هائڊروجن، ڪجهه هيليم ۽ ليٿيم سان گڏ، بعد ۾ ڪشش ثقل ذريعي گڏ ٿي، شروعاتي تارن ۽ ڪهڪشائن کي ٺاهيا هئا. خلاباز اڻڄاتل تاريڪ مادو ڪهڪشائن جي چوڌاري، ڪشش ثقل جي اثرن جو مشاهدو ڪن ٿا. ڪائنات ۾ سڀ کان وڌيڪ ڪشش ثقل جي صلاحيت هن شڪل ۾ نظر اچي ٿي ۽ بگ بينگ جا ماڊل ۽ مختلف مشاهدا ظاهر ڪن ٿا ته هي اضافي ڪشش ثقل جي صلاحيت بيريونڪ مادو، جهڙوڪ عام ايٽمن جي ذريعي پيدا نه ڪئي وئي آهي. سپرنووا جي لال شفٽ جي ماپن مان ظاهر ٿئي ٿو ته ڪائنات جي توسيع تيز ٿي رهي آهي، هڪ مشاهدو هڪ اڻڄاتل رجحان سان منسوب ڪيو ويو آهي جيڪو ڊارڪ انرجي طور سڃاتو وڃي ٿو.<sup id="cite_ref-peebles2_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-peebles2-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div 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id=".D9.81.D8.B2.DA.AA.D8.B3_.DB.BE_.D9.85.D8.B3.D8.A6.D9.84.D8.A7_.DB.BD_.D9.84.D8.A7.DA.B3.D8.A7.D9.BE.D9.8A.D9.84_.D9.85.D8.B3.D8.A6.D9.84.D8.A7"></span>فزڪس ۾ مسئلا ۽ لاڳاپيل مسئلا</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%A8%DA%AF_%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%86%DA%AF&action=edit&section=5" title="هيءُ حصو ترميميو: فزڪس ۾ مسئلا ۽ لاڳاپيل مسئلا"><span>سنواريو</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="غلط_فهميون"><span id=".D8.BA.D9.84.D8.B7_.D9.81.D9.87.D9.85.D9.8A.D9.88.D9.86"></span>غلط فهميون</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%A8%DA%AF_%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%86%DA%AF&action=edit&section=6" title="هيءُ حصو ترميميو: غلط فهميون"><span>سنواريو</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="اثر"><span id=".D8.A7.D8.AB.D8.B1"></span>اثر</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%A8%DA%AF_%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%86%DA%AF&action=edit&section=7" title="هيءُ حصو ترميميو: اثر"><span>سنواريو</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="پڻ_ڏسو"><span id=".D9.BE.DA.BB_.DA.8F.D8.B3.D9.88"></span>پڻ ڏسو</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%A8%DA%AF_%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%86%DA%AF&action=edit&section=8" title="هيءُ حصو ترميميو: پڻ ڏسو"><span>سنواريو</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="خارجي_لنڪس"><span id=".D8.AE.D8.A7.D8.B1.D8.AC.D9.8A_.D9.84.D9.86.DA.AA.D8.B3"></span>خارجي لنڪس</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%A8%DA%AF_%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%86%DA%AF&action=edit&section=9" title="هيءُ حصو ترميميو: خارجي لنڪس"><span>سنواريو</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://onceuponauniverse.com/about/in-the-beginning/">Once Upon a Universe</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200622230141/https://onceuponauniverse.com/about/in-the-beginning/">آرڪائيو ڪيا ويا</a> 22 June 2020 حوالو موجود آهي <a href="/wiki/%D9%88%D9%8A_%D8%A8%D9%8A%DA%AA_%D9%85%D8%B4%D9%8A%D9%86" title="وي بيڪ مشين">وي بيڪ مشين</a>. – <a href="/w/index.php?title=Science_and_Technology_Facilities_Council&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Science and Technology Facilities Council (صفحو وجود نٿو رکي)">STFC</a> funded project explaining the history of the universe in easy-to-understand language</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://map.gsfc.nasa.gov/universe/bb_theory.html">"Big Bang Cosmology"</a> – <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wilkinson_Microwave_Anisotropy_Probe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (صفحو وجود نٿو رکي)">NASA/WMAP</a> Science Team</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://science.nasa.gov/astrophysics/focus-areas/what-powered-the-big-bang/">"The Big Bang"</a> – <a href="/w/index.php?title=Science_Mission_Directorate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Science Mission Directorate (صفحو وجود نٿو رکي)">NASA Science</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.science20.com/hammock_physicist/big_bang_big_bewilderment">"Big Bang, Big Bewilderment"</a> – Big bang model with animated graphics by Johannes Koelman</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nautil.us/the-trouble-with-the-big-bang-238547/">"The Trouble With "The Big Bang""</a> – A rash of recent articles illustrates a longstanding confusion over the famous term. by Sabine Hossenfelde</li></ul> <table class="noprint navbox" style="background-color:#f9f9f9;border:1px solid #aaa;clear:both;margin-bottom:0.5em;margin-top:0.5em"></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r276450">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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href="http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12043075w">cb12043075w</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12043075w">(data)</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Diet_Library&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National Diet Library (صفحو وجود نٿو رکي)">اين ڊي ايل</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/01055844">01055844</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%AC%D9%87%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A7_%DA%86%D9%8A%DA%AA_%D8%AC%D9%8A_%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%B4%D9%86%D9%84_%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%8A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="جهموريا چيڪ جي نيشنل لائبريري (صفحو وجود نٿو رکي)">اين ڪي سي</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ph135484&CON_LNG=ENG">ph135484</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Biblioteca_Nacional_de_Espa%C3%B1a&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Biblioteca Nacional de España (صفحو وجود نٿو رکي)">بي اين اي</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX528974">XX528974</a></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="حوالا"><span id=".D8.AD.D9.88.D8.A7.D9.84.D8.A7"></span>حوالا</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%A8%DA%AF_%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%86%DA%AF&action=edit&section=10" title="هيءُ حصو ترميميو: حوالا"><span>سنواريو</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="references-small"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-HTUW2-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-HTUW2_1-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%86%D9%88:Cite_serial&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="سانچو:Cite serial (صفحو وجود نٿو رکي)">سانچو:Cite serial</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-m853-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-m853_2-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation Journal">Belenkiy, Ari (October 1, 2012). "Alexander Friedmann and the origins of modern cosmology". <i>Physics Today</i> <b>65</b> (10): 38–43. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<span class="neverexpand"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1063%2FPT.3.1750">10.1063/PT.3.1750</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://worldcat.org/issn/0031-9228">0031-9228</a>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Alexander+Friedmann+and+the+origins+of+modern+cosmology&rft.jtitle=Physics+Today&rft.aulast=Belenkiy&rft.aufirst=Ari&rft.au=Belenkiy%2C%26%2332%3BAri&rft.date=October+1%2C+2012&rft.volume=65&rft.issue=10&rft.pages=38%E2%80%9343&rft_id=info:doi/10.1063%2FPT.3.1750&rft.issn=0031-9228&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:%D8%A8%DA%AF_%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%86%DA%AF"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-z155-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-z155_3-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation Journal">Nemiroff, Robert J.; Patla, Bijunath (March 1, 2008). "Adventures in Friedmann cosmology: A detailed expansion of the cosmological Friedmann equations". <i>American Journal of Physics</i> <b>76</b> (3): 265–276. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<span class="neverexpand"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1119%2F1.2830536">10.1119/1.2830536</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://worldcat.org/issn/0002-9505">0002-9505</a>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Adventures+in+Friedmann+cosmology%3A+A+detailed+expansion+of+the+cosmological+Friedmann+equations&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Physics&rft.aulast=Nemiroff&rft.aufirst=Robert+J.&rft.au=Nemiroff%2C%26%2332%3BRobert+J.&rft.au=Patla%2C%26%2332%3BBijunath&rft.date=March+1%2C+2008&rft.volume=76&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=265%E2%80%93276&rft_id=info:doi/10.1119%2F1.2830536&rft.issn=0002-9505&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:%D8%A8%DA%AF_%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%86%DA%AF"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-c686-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-c686_4-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation Journal">Carroll, Sean M.; Kaplinghat, Manoj (February 27, 2002). "Testing the Friedmann equation: The expansion of the universe during big-bang nucleosynthesis". <i>Physical Review D</i> <b>65</b> (6): 063507. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<span class="neverexpand"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1103%2FPhysRevD.65.063507">10.1103/PhysRevD.65.063507</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://worldcat.org/issn/0556-2821">0556-2821</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bibcode&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bibcode (صفحو وجود نٿو رکي)">Bibcode</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2002PhRvD..65f3507C">2002PhRvD..65f3507C</a>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Testing+the+Friedmann+equation%3A+The+expansion+of+the+universe+during+big-bang+nucleosynthesis&rft.jtitle=Physical+Review+D&rft.aulast=Carroll&rft.aufirst=Sean+M.&rft.au=Carroll%2C%26%2332%3BSean+M.&rft.au=Kaplinghat%2C%26%2332%3BManoj&rft.date=February+27%2C+2002&rft.volume=65&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=063507&rft_id=info:doi/10.1103%2FPhysRevD.65.063507&rft_id=info:bibcode/2002PhRvD..65f3507C&rft.issn=0556-2821&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:%D8%A8%DA%AF_%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%86%DA%AF"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-c625-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-c625_5-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation Journal">Mörtsell, Edvard (September 1, 2016). "Cosmological histories from the Friedmann equation: the Universe as a particle". <i>European Journal of Physics</i> <b>37</b> (5): 055603. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<span class="neverexpand"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1088%2F0143-0807%2F37%2F5%2F055603">10.1088/0143-0807/37/5/055603</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://worldcat.org/issn/0143-0807">0143-0807</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bibcode&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bibcode (صفحو وجود نٿو رکي)">Bibcode</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016EJPh...37e5603M">2016EJPh...37e5603M</a>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Cosmological+histories+from+the+Friedmann+equation%3A+the+Universe+as+a+particle&rft.jtitle=European+Journal+of+Physics&rft.aulast=M%C3%B6rtsell&rft.aufirst=Edvard&rft.au=M%C3%B6rtsell%2C%26%2332%3BEdvard&rft.date=September+1%2C+2016&rft.volume=37&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=055603&rft_id=info:doi/10.1088%2F0143-0807%2F37%2F5%2F055603&rft_id=info:bibcode/2016EJPh...37e5603M&rft.issn=0143-0807&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:%D8%A8%DA%AF_%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%86%DA%AF"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESilk2009208-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESilk2009208_6-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSilk2009">Silk 2009</a>208.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESingh2004560-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESingh2004560_7-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSingh2004">Singh 2004</a>560. Book limited to 532 pages. Correct source page requested.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-books.google.com2-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-books.google.com2_8-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFChow2008">Chow 2008</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=fp9wrkMYHvMC&pg=PA211">211</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPartridge1995">Partridge 1995</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=5G3wdV1IPE4C&pg=PR17">xvii</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kragh_19962-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Kragh_19962_10-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKragh1996">Kragh 1996</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/cosmologycontrov00helg">319</a>: "At the same time that observations tipped the balance definitely in favor of the relativistic big-bang theory, ..."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-esa2-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-esa2_11-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mpg.de/7044245/Planck_cmb_universe">"Planck reveals an almost perfect universe"</a>. Max-Planck-Gesellschaft<span class="reference-accessdate">. حاصل ڪيل <span class="nowrap">2020-11-17</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsd.wikipedia.org%3A%D8%A8%DA%AF+%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%86%DA%AF&rft.btitle=Planck+reveals+an+almost+perfect+universe&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Max-Planck-Gesellschaft&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mpg.de%2F7044245%2FPlanck_cmb_universe&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-peebles2-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-peebles2_12-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation Journal">Peebles, P. J. E.; Ratra, Bharat (22 April 2003). "The cosmological constant and dark energy". <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Reviews_of_Modern_Physics&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Reviews of Modern Physics (صفحو وجود نٿو رکي)">Reviews of Modern Physics</a></i> <b>75</b> (2): 559–606. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<span class="neverexpand"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1103%2FRevModPhys.75.559">10.1103/RevModPhys.75.559</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://worldcat.org/issn/0034-6861">0034-6861</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bibcode&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bibcode (صفحو وجود نٿو رکي)">Bibcode</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2003RvMP...75..559P">2003RvMP...75..559P</a>.</span><span 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