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class="vector-toc-text">Beginning</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-President_pro_tempore_emeritus" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#President_pro_tempore_emeritus"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>President pro tempore emeritus</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-President_pro_tempore_emeritus-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> 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mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">President pro tempore of the United States Senate</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. 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data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C5%99edseda_pro_tempore_Sen%C3%A1tu_Spojen%C3%BDch_st%C3%A1t%C5%AF_americk%C3%BDch" title="Předseda pro tempore Senátu Spojených států amerických – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Předseda pro tempore Senátu Spojených států amerických" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pr%C3%A4sident_pro_tempore_des_Senats_der_Vereinigten_Staaten" title="Präsident pro tempore des Senats der Vereinigten Staaten – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Präsident pro tempore des Senats der Vereinigten Staaten" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91%CE%BD%CE%B1%CF%80%CE%BB%CE%B7%CF%81%CF%89%CF%84%CE%AE%CF%82_%CE%A0%CF%81%CF%8C%CE%B5%CE%B4%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%82_%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%82_%CE%93%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%85%CF%83%CE%AF%CE%B1%CF%82_%CF%84%CF%89%CE%BD_%CE%97%CE%A0%CE%91" title="Αναπληρωτής Πρόεδρος της Γερουσίας των ΗΠΑ – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Αναπληρωτής Πρόεδρος της Γερουσίας των ΗΠΑ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/President_pro_tempore_of_the_United_States_Senate" title="President pro tempore of the United States Senate – English" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="President pro tempore of the United States Senate" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidente_pro_tempore_del_Senado_de_los_Estados_Unidos" title="Presidente pro tempore del Senado de los Estados Unidos – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Presidente pro tempore del Senado de los Estados Unidos" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%A6%DB%8C%D8%B3_%D9%85%D9%88%D9%82%D8%AA_%D8%B3%D9%86%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%AF%D9%87_%D8%A2%D9%85%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%A7" title="رئیس موقت سنای ایالات متحده آمریکا – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="رئیس موقت سنای ایالات متحده آمریکا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pr%C3%A9sident_pro_tempore_du_S%C3%A9nat_des_%C3%89tats-Unis" title="Président pro tempore du Sénat des États-Unis – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Président pro tempore du Sénat des États-Unis" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%AF%B8%EA%B5%AD_%EC%83%81%EC%9B%90_%EC%9E%84%EC%8B%9C%EC%9D%98%EC%9E%A5" title="미국 상원 임시의장 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="미국 상원 임시의장" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presiden_Pro_Tempore_Senat_Amerika_Serikat" title="Presiden Pro Tempore Senat Amerika Serikat – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Presiden Pro Tempore Senat Amerika Serikat" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidente_pro_tempore_del_Senato_degli_Stati_Uniti" title="Presidente pro tempore del Senato degli Stati Uniti – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Presidente pro tempore del Senato degli Stati Uniti" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%A0%D7%A9%D7%99%D7%90_%D7%94%D7%96%D7%9E%D7%A0%D7%99_%D7%A9%D7%9C_%D7%94%D7%A1%D7%A0%D7%90%D7%98_%D7%A9%D7%9C_%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%A6%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%AA" title="הנשיא הזמני של הסנאט של ארצות הברית – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="הנשיא הזמני של הסנאט של ארצות הברית" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/JAV_Senato_laikinasis_pirmininkas" title="JAV Senato laikinasis pirmininkas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="JAV Senato laikinasis pirmininkas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Az_Amerikai_Egyes%C3%BClt_%C3%81llamok_Szen%C3%A1tus%C3%A1nak_pro_tempore_eln%C3%B6ke" title="Az Amerikai Egyesült Államok Szenátusának pro tempore elnöke – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Az Amerikai Egyesült Államok Szenátusának pro tempore elnöke" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presiden_Pro_Tempore_Senat_Amerika_Syarikat" title="Presiden Pro Tempore Senat Amerika Syarikat – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Presiden Pro Tempore Senat Amerika Syarikat" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/President_pro_tempore_van_de_Senaat" title="President pro tempore van de Senaat – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="President pro tempore van de Senaat" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%83%A1%E3%83%AA%E3%82%AB%E5%90%88%E8%A1%86%E5%9B%BD%E4%B8%8A%E9%99%A2%E4%BB%AE%E8%AD%B0%E9%95%B7" title="アメリカ合衆国上院仮議長 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="アメリカ合衆国上院仮議長" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/President_pro_tempore_i_USAs_senat" title="President pro tempore i USAs senat – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="President pro tempore i USAs senat" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Przewodnicz%C4%85cy_pro_tempore_Senatu_Stan%C3%B3w_Zjednoczonych" title="Przewodniczący pro tempore Senatu Stanów Zjednoczonych – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Przewodniczący pro tempore Senatu Stanów Zjednoczonych" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidente_pro_tempore_do_Senado_dos_Estados_Unidos" title="Presidente pro tempore do Senado dos Estados Unidos – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Presidente pro tempore do Senado dos Estados Unidos" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82_%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%A1%D0%A8%D0%90" title="Временный президент Сената США – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Временный президент Сената США" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%DB%95%D8%B1%DB%86%DA%A9%DB%8C_%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%AA%DB%8C%DB%8C_%D8%A6%DB%95%D9%86%D8%AC%D9%88%D9%85%DB%95%D9%86%DB%8C_%D9%BE%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C_%D8%A6%DB%95%D9%85%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%A7" title="سەرۆکی کاتیی ئەنجومەنی پیرانی ئەمریکا – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="سەرۆکی کاتیی ئەنجومەنی پیرانی ئەمریکا" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/President_pro_tempore_(Yhdysvaltain_senaatti)" title="President pro tempore (Yhdysvaltain senaatti) – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="President pro tempore (Yhdysvaltain senaatti)" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/President_pro_tempore_i_USA:s_senat" title="President pro tempore i USA:s senat – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="President pro tempore i USA:s senat" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B1%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%92%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%90" title="ประธานชั่วคราววุฒิสภาสหรัฐ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ประธานชั่วคราววุฒิสภาสหรัฐ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amerika_Birle%C5%9Fik_Devletleri_Senatosu_pro_tempore_Ba%C5%9Fkan%C4%B1" title="Amerika Birleşik Devletleri Senatosu pro tempore Başkanı – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Amerika Birleşik Devletleri Senatosu pro tempore Başkanı" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B8%D0%BC%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82_%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83_%D0%A1%D0%A8%D0%90" title="Тимчасовий президент Сенату США – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Тимчасовий президент Сенату США" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ch%E1%BB%A7_t%E1%BB%8Bch_Th%C6%B0%E1%BB%A3ng_vi%E1%BB%87n_t%E1%BA%A1m_quy%E1%BB%81n_Hoa_K%E1%BB%B3" title="Chủ tịch Thượng viện tạm quyền Hoa Kỳ – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Chủ tịch Thượng viện tạm quyền Hoa Kỳ" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B%E5%8F%83%E8%AD%B0%E9%99%A2%E8%87%A8%E6%99%82%E8%AD%B0%E9%95%B7" title="美國參議院臨時議長 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="美國參議院臨時議長" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1140848#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Change links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li 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class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above">President Pro Tempore of <br />the United States Senate</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="padding-bottom:0.4em; border-bottom:solid 1px #ccd2d9;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:President_Pro_Tempore_US_Senate_Seal.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/President_Pro_Tempore_US_Senate_Seal.svg/150px-President_Pro_Tempore_US_Senate_Seal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/President_Pro_Tempore_US_Senate_Seal.svg/225px-President_Pro_Tempore_US_Senate_Seal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/President_Pro_Tempore_US_Senate_Seal.svg/300px-President_Pro_Tempore_US_Senate_Seal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="304" data-file-height="304" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div style="padding-bottom:0.4em; border-bottom:solid 1px #ccd2d9; line-height:1.4em;"><div style="padding-bottom:0.4em;"><span class="mw-default-size mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Chuck_Grassley_official_photo_2017_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Chuck_Grassley_official_photo_2017_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Chuck_Grassley_official_photo_2017_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="275" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Chuck_Grassley_official_photo_2017_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-Chuck_Grassley_official_photo_2017_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Chuck_Grassley_official_photo_2017_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-Chuck_Grassley_official_photo_2017_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1306" data-file-height="1633" /></a></span></div><b>Incumbent<br /><a href="/wiki/Chuck_Grassley" title="Chuck Grassley">Chuck Grassley</a></b><br />since January 3, 2025</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Style_(form_of_address)" title="Style (form of address)">Style</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Mr./Mrs. President<br /><small>(Informal and within the Senate)</small><br />The Honorable<br /><small>(Formal)</small></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Appointer</th><td class="infobox-data">Elected by the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">U.S. Senate</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Inaugural holder</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/John_Langdon" title="John Langdon">John Langdon</a><br />April 6, 1789</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Formation</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Constitution" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Constitution">U.S. Constitution</a><br />March 4, 1789</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Succession</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_line_of_succession" title="United States presidential line of succession">Third</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>president <i>pro tempore</i></b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˌ/: secondary stress follows">ˌ</span><span title="'p' in 'pie'">p</span><span title="'r' in 'rye'">r</span><span title="/oʊ/: 'o' in 'code'">oʊ</span></span><span class="wrap"> </span><span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'t' in 'tie'">t</span><span title="/ɛ/: 'e' in 'dress'">ɛ</span><span title="'m' in 'my'">m</span><span title="'p' in 'pie'">p</span><span title="/ər/: 'er' in 'letter'">ər</span><span title="/iː/: 'ee' in 'fleece'">iː</span></span>/</a></span></span> or <span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˌ/: secondary stress follows">ˌ</span><span title="'p' in 'pie'">p</span><span title="'r' in 'rye'">r</span><span title="/oʊ/: 'o' in 'code'">oʊ</span></span><span class="wrap"> </span><span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'t' in 'tie'">t</span><span title="/ɛ/: 'e' in 'dress'">ɛ</span><span title="'m' in 'my'">m</span><span title="'p' in 'pie'">p</span><span title="/ər/: 'er' in 'letter'">ər</span><span title="/eɪ/: 'a' in 'face'">eɪ</span></span>/</a></span></span>),<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or <b>president pro tem</b>, <b>of the United States Senate</b> is the longest serving <a href="/wiki/Senator" class="mw-redirect" title="Senator">senator</a> from the majority <a href="/wiki/Political_party" title="Political party">political party</a> in the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">United States Senate</a>. According to the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Constitution" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Constitution">Constitution</a>, this is the fourth highest office in the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>. It is the third in the <a href="/wiki/U.S._presidential_line_of_succession" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. presidential line of succession">U.S. presidential line of succession</a> (behind the <a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_the_United_States" title="Vice President of the United States">vice president</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Speaker_of_the_House" class="mw-redirect" title="Speaker of the House">speaker of the House</a>). Many <a href="/wiki/US_states" class="mw-redirect" title="US states">state</a> senates also use the office of President pro tem. </p><p>Officially the vice president is the person in charge of the Senate, but they are not a Senator. <a href="/wiki/Chuck_Grassley" title="Chuck Grassley">Chuck Grassley</a> (<a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">R</a>-<a href="/wiki/Iowa" title="Iowa">IA</a>) is the current president <a href="/wiki/Pro_tempore" title="Pro tempore">pro tempore</a> since January 3, 2025<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=President_pro_tempore_of_the_United_States_Senate&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>. When the vice president cannot be in charge, the president pro tempore is in charge of the Senate. Many people still think of the president pro tempore as <i><a href="/wiki/De_facto" title="De facto">de facto</a></i> president of the Senate. <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Wade" title="Benjamin Wade">Benjamin Wade</a> was only one vote away from becoming the president of the United States due to the impeachment of <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Johnson" title="Andrew Johnson">Andrew Johnson</a>. No president pro tempore has ever taken over the presidency. </p><p>Probably the most famous presidents pro tempore were <a href="/wiki/John_Langdon" title="John Langdon">John Langdon</a> (first in this office), <a href="/wiki/David_Rice_Atchison" title="David Rice Atchison">David Rice Atchison</a> (D-<a href="/wiki/Missouri" title="Missouri">MO</a>), <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Wade" title="Benjamin Wade">Benjamin Wade</a> (<a href="/wiki/United_States_Republican_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Republican Party">R</a>-<a href="/wiki/Ohio" title="Ohio">OH</a>), <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Vandenberg" class="mw-redirect" title="Arthur Vandenberg">Arthur Vandenberg</a> (R-<a href="/wiki/Michigan" title="Michigan">MI</a>), <a href="/wiki/Carl_Hayden" title="Carl Hayden">Carl Hayden</a> (D-<a href="/wiki/Arizona" title="Arizona">AZ</a>) <a href="/wiki/Richard_Russell,_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="Richard Russell, Jr.">Richard Russell, Jr.</a> (D-<a href="/wiki/Georgia_(U.S._state)" title="Georgia (U.S. state)">GA</a>), <a href="/wiki/Strom_Thurmond" title="Strom Thurmond">Strom Thurmond</a> (R-<a href="/wiki/South_Carolina" title="South Carolina">SC</a>), <a href="/wiki/Robert_Byrd" title="Robert Byrd">Robert Byrd</a> (D-<a href="/wiki/West_Virginia" title="West Virginia">WV</a>), <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Inouye" title="Daniel Inouye">Daniel Inouye</a> (D-<a href="/wiki/Hawaii" title="Hawaii">HI</a>), <a href="/wiki/Orrin_Hatch" title="Orrin Hatch">Orrin Hatch</a> (R-<a href="/wiki/Utah" title="Utah">UT</a>), <a href="/wiki/Chuck_Grassley" title="Chuck Grassley">Chuck Grassley</a> (R-<a href="/wiki/Iowa" title="Iowa">IA</a>) and <a href="/wiki/Patrick_Leahy" title="Patrick Leahy">Patrick Leahy</a> (D-<a href="/wiki/Vermont" title="Vermont">VT</a>). </p><p>When Senator <a href="/wiki/Hubert_Humphrey" title="Hubert Humphrey">Hubert Humphrey</a>, a former <a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_the_United_States" title="Vice President of the United States">vice president</a>, was seriously ill, the Senate showed its respect for him by creating the office of Deputy President Pro tempore for any former president or vice president who is elected to the Senate. No vice president since Humphrey has held this. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="President_pro_tempore_emeritus">President pro tempore emeritus</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=President_pro_tempore_of_the_United_States_Senate&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Change section: President pro tempore emeritus" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=President_pro_tempore_of_the_United_States_Senate&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: President pro tempore emeritus"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Since 2001, the honorary title of president pro tempore <a href="/wiki/Emeritus" title="Emeritus">emeritus</a> has been given to a Senator of the <a href="/wiki/Two-party_system" title="Two-party system">minority party</a> who has previously served as president pro tempore. The position has been held by: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Strom_Thurmond" title="Strom Thurmond">Strom Thurmond</a> (R-<a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_United_States_Senators_from_South_Carolina&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of United States Senators from South Carolina (not yet started)">South Carolina</a>) (2001-2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Byrd" title="Robert Byrd">Robert Byrd</a> (D-<a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_United_States_Senators_from_West_Virginia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of United States Senators from West Virginia (not yet started)">West Virginia</a>) (2003-2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ted_Stevens" title="Ted Stevens">Ted Stevens</a> (R-<a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Senators_from_Alaska" class="mw-redirect" title="List of United States Senators from Alaska">Alaska</a>) (2007-2009)<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrick_Leahy" title="Patrick Leahy">Patrick Leahy</a> (D-<a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_United_States_Senators_from_Vermont&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of United States Senators from Vermont (not yet started)">Vermont</a>) (2015-2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chuck_Grassley" title="Chuck Grassley">Chuck Grassley</a> (R-<a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_United_States_Senators_from_Iowa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of United States Senators from Iowa (not yet started)">Iowa</a>) (2021-2025)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patty_Murray" title="Patty Murray">Patty Murray</a> (D-<a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_United_States_Senators_from_Washington&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of United States Senators from Washington (not yet started)">Washington</a>) (since 2025)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span 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.reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9724332">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output 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.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://research.lawyers.com/glossary/pro-tempore.html">"Pro tempore Legal Definition"</a>. Lawyers.com.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Pro+tempore+Legal+Definition&rft.pub=Lawyers.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fresearch.lawyers.com%2Fglossary%2Fpro-tempore.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3APresident+pro+tempore+of+the+United+States+Senate" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://thomas.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/z?c110:S.RES.6:">"Bill Text, 110th Congress (2007-2008), S.RES.6.ATS"</a>. Library of Congress<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 January</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Bill+Text%2C+110th+Congress+%282007-2008%29%2C+S.RES.6.ATS&rft.pub=Library+of+Congress&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fthomas.loc.gov%2Fcgi-bin%2Fquery%2Fz%3Fc110%3AS.RES.6%3A&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3APresident+pro+tempore+of+the+United+States+Senate" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link since August 2021">permanent dead link</span></a></i>]</span></sup></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="navbox-styles nomobile"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9122492">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox 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class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:USSenPresProTemp" title="Template:USSenPresProTemp"><abbr title="View this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:USSenPresProTemp&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:USSenPresProTemp (not yet started)"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:USSenPresProTemp&action=edit"><abbr title="Edit this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Presidents_pro_tempore_of_the_United_States_Senate" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Presidents pro tempore of the United States Senate</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/John_Langdon" title="John Langdon">Langdon</a> • <a href="/wiki/Richard_Henry_Lee" title="Richard Henry Lee">Lee</a> • <a href="/wiki/John_Langdon" title="John Langdon">Langdon</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ralph_Izard&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ralph Izard (not yet started)">Izard</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Henry_Tazewell&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Henry Tazewell (not yet started)">H Tazewell</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Samuel_Livermore&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Samuel Livermore (not yet started)">Livermore</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Bingham&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="William Bingham (not yet started)">Bingham</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Bradford_(1729-1808)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="William Bradford (1729-1808) (not yet started)">Bradford</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jacob_Read&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jacob Read (not yet started)">Read</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Theodore_Sedgwick&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Theodore Sedgwick (not yet started)">Sedgwick</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Laurance&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Laurance (not yet started)">Laurance</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Ross_(U.S._politician)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="James Ross (U.S. politician) (not yet started)">Ross</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Samuel_Livermore&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Samuel Livermore (not yet started)">Livermore</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Uriah_Tracy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Uriah Tracy (not yet started)">Tracy</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Eager_Howard&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Eager Howard (not yet started)">Howard</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Hillhouse&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="James Hillhouse (not yet started)">Hillhouse</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Abraham_Baldwin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Abraham Baldwin (not yet started)">Baldwin</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Stephen_R._Bradley&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stephen R. Bradley (not yet started)">Bradley</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Brown_(Kentucky)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Brown (Kentucky) (not yet started)">Brown</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jesse_Franklin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jesse Franklin (not yet started)">Franklin</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Joseph_Anderson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Joseph Anderson (not yet started)">Anderson</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Samuel_Smith_(Maryland)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Samuel Smith (Maryland) (not yet started)">Smith</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Stephen_R._Bradley&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stephen R. Bradley (not yet started)">Bradley</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Milledge&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Milledge (not yet started)">Milledge</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Andrew_Gregg&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Andrew Gregg (not yet started)">Gregg</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Gaillard&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Gaillard (not yet started)">Gaillard</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Pope_(politician)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Pope (politician) (not yet started)">Pope</a> • <a href="/wiki/William_H._Crawford" title="William H. Crawford">Crawford</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Joseph_Bradley_Varnum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Joseph Bradley Varnum (not yet started)">Varnum</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Gaillard&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Gaillard (not yet started)">Gaillard</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Barbour&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="James Barbour (not yet started)">Barbour</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Gaillard&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Gaillard (not yet started)">Gaillard</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nathaniel_Macon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nathaniel Macon (not yet started)">Macon</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Samuel_Smith_(Maryland)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Samuel Smith (Maryland) (not yet started)">Smith</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Littleton_Waller_Tazewell&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Littleton Waller Tazewell (not yet started)">L Tazewell</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hugh_Lawson_White&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hugh Lawson White (not yet started)">White</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Poindexter&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="George Poindexter (not yet started)">Poindexter</a> • <a href="/wiki/John_Tyler" title="John Tyler">Tyler</a> • <a href="/wiki/William_R._King" title="William R. King">W R King</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Samuel_L._Southard&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Samuel L. Southard (not yet started)">Southard</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Willie_Person_Mangum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Willie Person Mangum (not yet started)">Mangum</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ambrose_Hundley_Sevier&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ambrose Hundley Sevier (not yet started)">Sevier</a> • <a href="/wiki/David_Rice_Atchison" title="David Rice Atchison">Atchison</a> • <a href="/wiki/William_R._King" title="William R. King">W R King</a> • <a href="/wiki/David_Rice_Atchison" title="David Rice Atchison">Atchison</a> • <a href="/wiki/Lewis_Cass" title="Lewis Cass">Cass</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jesse_D._Bright&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jesse D. Bright (not yet started)">Bright</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_E._Stuart&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Charles E. Stuart (not yet started)">Stuart</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jesse_D._Bright&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jesse D. Bright (not yet started)">Bright</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=James_M._Mason&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="James M. Mason (not yet started)">Mason</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_Jefferson_Rusk&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thomas Jefferson Rusk (not yet started)">Rusk</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Benjamin_Fitzpatrick&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Benjamin Fitzpatrick (not yet started)">Fitzpatrick</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jesse_D._Bright&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jesse D. Bright (not yet started)">Bright</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Benjamin_Fitzpatrick&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Benjamin Fitzpatrick (not yet started)">Fitzpatrick</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Solomon_Foot&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Solomon Foot (not yet started)">Foot</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Daniel_Clark_(New_Hampshire)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Daniel Clark (New Hampshire) (not yet started)">Clark</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lafayette_S._Foster&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lafayette S. Foster (not yet started)">Foster</a> • <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Wade" title="Benjamin Wade">Wade</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Henry_B._Anthony&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Henry B. Anthony (not yet started)">Anthony</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Matthew_H._Carpenter&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Matthew H. Carpenter (not yet started)">Carpenter</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Henry_B._Anthony&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Henry B. Anthony (not yet started)">Anthony</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_W._Ferry&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thomas W. Ferry (not yet started)">Ferry</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Allen_G._Thurman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Allen G. Thurman (not yet started)">Thurman</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_F._Bayard&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thomas F. Bayard (not yet started)">Bayard</a> • <a href="/wiki/David_Davis_(Supreme_Court_justice)" title="David Davis (Supreme Court justice)">Davis</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=George_F._Edmunds&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="George F. Edmunds (not yet started)">Edmunds</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Sherman_(politician)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Sherman (politician) (not yet started)">Sherman</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=John_James_Ingalls&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John James Ingalls (not yet started)">Ingalls</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_F._Manderson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Charles F. Manderson (not yet started)">Manderson</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Isham_G._Harris&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Isham G. Harris (not yet started)">Harris</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Matt_Whitaker_Ransom&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Matt Whitaker Ransom (not yet started)">Ransom</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Isham_G._Harris&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Isham G. Harris (not yet started)">Harris</a> • <a href="/wiki/William_P._Frye" title="William P. Frye">Frye</a> • <i>(<a href="/w/index.php?title=Presidents_pro_tempore_of_the_United_States_Senate,_1911%E2%80%931913&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Presidents pro tempore of the United States Senate, 1911–1913 (not yet started)">Special</a>: <a href="/wiki/Augustus_Octavius_Bacon" title="Augustus Octavius Bacon">Bacon</a> • <a href="/wiki/Charles_Curtis" title="Charles Curtis">Curtis</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jacob_Harold_Gallinger&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jacob Harold Gallinger (not yet started)">Gallinger</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Frank_B._Brandegee&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Frank B. Brandegee (not yet started)">Brandegee</a> • <a href="/wiki/Henry_Cabot_Lodge" title="Henry Cabot Lodge">Lodge</a>)</i> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Paul_Clarke&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="James Paul Clarke (not yet started)">Clarke</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Willard_Saulsbury,_Jr.&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Willard Saulsbury, Jr. (not yet started)">Saulsbury</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Albert_B._Cummins&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Albert B. Cummins (not yet started)">Cummins</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=George_H._Moses&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="George H. Moses (not yet started)">Moses</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Key_Pittman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Key Pittman (not yet started)">Pittman</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=William_H._King&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="William H. King (not yet started)">W H King</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pat_Harrison&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pat Harrison (not yet started)">Harrison</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Carter_Glass&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Carter Glass (not yet started)">Glass</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kenneth_McKellar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kenneth McKellar (not yet started)">McKellar</a> • <a href="/wiki/Arthur_H._Vandenberg" title="Arthur H. Vandenberg">Vandenberg</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kenneth_McKellar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kenneth McKellar (not yet started)">McKellar</a> • <a href="/wiki/Styles_Bridges" title="Styles Bridges">Bridges</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Walter_F._George&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Walter F. George (not yet started)">George</a> • <a href="/wiki/Carl_Hayden" title="Carl Hayden">Hayden</a> • <a href="/wiki/Richard_Russell,_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="Richard Russell, Jr.">Russell</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Allen_J._Ellender&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Allen J. Ellender (not yet started)">Ellender</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Eastland&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="James Eastland (not yet started)">Eastland</a> • <a href="/wiki/Warren_G._Magnuson" class="mw-redirect" title="Warren G. Magnuson">Magnuson</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Milton_Young&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Milton Young (not yet started)">Young</a> • <a href="/wiki/Warren_G._Magnuson" class="mw-redirect" title="Warren G. Magnuson">Magnuson</a> • <a href="/wiki/Strom_Thurmond" title="Strom Thurmond">Thurmond</a> • <a href="/wiki/John_C._Stennis" title="John C. Stennis">Stennis</a> • <a href="/wiki/Robert_Byrd" title="Robert Byrd">Byrd</a> • <a href="/wiki/Strom_Thurmond" title="Strom Thurmond">Thurmond</a> • <a href="/wiki/Robert_Byrd" title="Robert Byrd">Byrd</a> • <a href="/wiki/Strom_Thurmond" title="Strom Thurmond">Thurmond</a> • <a href="/wiki/Robert_Byrd" title="Robert Byrd">Byrd</a> • <a href="/wiki/Ted_Stevens" title="Ted Stevens">Stevens</a> • <a href="/wiki/Robert_Byrd" title="Robert Byrd">Byrd</a> • <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Inouye" title="Daniel Inouye">Inouye</a> • <a href="/wiki/Patrick_Leahy" title="Patrick Leahy">Leahy</a> • <a href="/wiki/Orrin_Hatch" title="Orrin Hatch">Hatch</a> • <a href="/wiki/Chuck_Grassley" title="Chuck Grassley">Grassley</a> • <a href="/wiki/Patrick_Leahy" title="Patrick Leahy">Leahy</a> • <a href="/wiki/Patty_Murray" title="Patty Murray">Murray</a> • <a href="/wiki/Chuck_Grassley" title="Chuck Grassley">Grassley</a></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:President_Pro_Tempore_US_Senate_Seal.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Seal of the United States Senate President Pro Tempore"><img alt="Seal of the United States Senate President Pro Tempore" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/President_Pro_Tempore_US_Senate_Seal.svg/100px-President_Pro_Tempore_US_Senate_Seal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/President_Pro_Tempore_US_Senate_Seal.svg/150px-President_Pro_Tempore_US_Senate_Seal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/President_Pro_Tempore_US_Senate_Seal.svg/200px-President_Pro_Tempore_US_Senate_Seal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="304" data-file-height="304" /></a><figcaption>Seal of the United States Senate President Pro Tempore</figcaption></figure></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles nomobile"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9122492"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="United_States_Congress(House_of_Representatives,_Senate_—_116th_Congress)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9122447"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:USCongress" title="Template:USCongress"><abbr title="View this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:USCongress&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:USCongress (not yet started)"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:USCongress&action=edit"><abbr title="Edit this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="United_States_Congress(House_of_Representatives,_Senate_—_116th_Congress)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Congress" title="United States Congress">United States Congress</a><div style="clear:both;" class=""></div><span style="font-size:85%">(<a href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="United States House of Representatives">House of Representatives</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">Senate</a> — <a href="/w/index.php?title=116th_United_States_Congress&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="116th United States Congress (not yet started)">116th Congress</a>)</span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Members</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">Congress: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Current_members_of_the_United_States_Congress&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Current members of the United States Congress (not yet started)">Current</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_freshman_class_members_of_the_111th_United_States_Congress&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of freshman class members of the 111th United States Congress (not yet started)">Freshmen</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_United_States_Congressmen_by_longevity_of_service&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of United States Congressmen by longevity of service (not yet started)">Longest serving</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Expulsion_from_the_United_States_Congress&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Expulsion from the United States Congress (not yet started)">Expelled</a> | House: <a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_current_members_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives_by_seniority&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of current members of the United States House of Representatives by seniority (not yet started)">Current by seniority</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_former_members_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of former members of the United States House of Representatives (not yet started)">Former members</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_oldest_surviving_members_of_the_House_of_Representatives&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of oldest surviving members of the House of Representatives (not yet started)">Oldest living</a> | Senate: <a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_current_United_States_Senators_by_age&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of current United States Senators by age (not yet started)">Current by age</a>, <a href="/wiki/Seniority_in_the_United_States_Senate" title="Seniority in the United States Senate">Current by seniority</a>; <a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_former_United_States_Senators&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of former United States Senators (not yet started)">Former</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_living_former_United_States_Senators&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of living former United States Senators (not yet started)">Former still living</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Earliest_living_United_States_Senator&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Earliest living United States Senator (not yet started)">Age/seniority</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_United_States_senators_expelled_or_censured&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of United States senators expelled or censured (not yet started)">Expelled/censured</a>, <a href="/wiki/Classes_of_United_States_Senators" class="mw-redirect" title="Classes of United States Senators">Classes</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Leaders</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">House: <a href="/wiki/Speaker_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="Speaker of the United States House of Representatives">Speaker</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_Speakers_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of Speakers of the United States House of Representatives (not yet started)">list</a>), <a href="/wiki/Party_leaders_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="Party leaders of the United States House of Representatives">Party leaders</a>, <a href="/wiki/Party_whips_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives" class="mw-redirect" title="Party whips of the United States House of Representatives">Party whips</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Democratic_Caucus_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Democratic Caucus of the United States House of Representatives (not yet started)">Dem. caucus</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Republican_Conference_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Republican Conference of the United States House of Representatives (not yet started)">Rep. conference</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dean_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="Dean of the United States House of Representatives">Dean</a> | Senate: <a class="mw-selflink selflink">President pro tempore</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_Presidents_pro_tempore_of_the_United_States_Senate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of Presidents pro tempore of the United States Senate (not yet started)">list</a>), <a href="/wiki/Party_leaders_of_the_United_States_Senate" title="Party leaders of the United States Senate">Party leaders</a>, <a href="/wiki/Assistant_party_leaders_of_the_United_States_Senate" class="mw-redirect" title="Assistant party leaders of the United States Senate">Assistant party leaders</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Democratic_Caucus_of_the_United_States_Senate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Democratic Caucus of the United States Senate (not yet started)">Dem. Caucus</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Democratic_Conference_Chairman_of_the_United_States_Senate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Democratic Conference Chairman of the United States Senate (not yet started)">Chair</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Democratic_Conference_Secretary_of_the_United_States_Senate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Democratic Conference Secretary of the United States Senate (not yet started)">Secretary</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Democratic_Policy_Committee_Chairman_of_the_United_States_Senate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Democratic Policy Committee Chairman of the United States Senate (not yet started)">Policy comm. chair</a>), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Republican_Conference_of_the_United_States_Senate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Republican Conference of the United States Senate (not yet started)">Rep. Conference</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Republican_Conference_Chairman_of_the_United_States_Senate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Republican Conference Chairman of the United States Senate (not yet started)">Chair</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Republican_Conference_Vice-Chair_of_the_United_States_Senate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Republican Conference Vice-Chair of the United States Senate (not yet started)">Vice-Chair</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Republican_Policy_Committee_Chairman_of_the_United_States_Senate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Republican Policy Committee Chairman of the United States Senate (not yet started)">Policy comm. chair</a>), <a href="/wiki/Dean_of_the_United_States_Senate" title="Dean of the United States Senate">Dean</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/w/index.php?title=African_Americans_in_the_United_States_Congress&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="African Americans in the United States Congress (not yet started)">African Americans</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_Asian_Pacific_Americans_in_the_United_States_Congress&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of Asian Pacific Americans in the United States Congress (not yet started)">Asian Pacific Americans</a>, <a href="/wiki/Congressional_caucus" title="Congressional caucus">Caucuses</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Congressional_committee&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="United States Congressional committee (not yet started)">Committees</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_Hispanic_Americans_in_the_United_States_Congress&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of Hispanic Americans in the United States Congress (not yet started)">Hispanic Americans</a>, <a href="/wiki/Women_in_the_United_States_Senate" title="Women in the United States Senate">Senate Women</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Women_in_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Women in the United States House of Representatives (not yet started)">House Women</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Agencies,<br />Employees &<br />Offices</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Architect_of_the_Capitol&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Architect of the Capitol (not yet started)">Architect of the Capitol</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Capitol_Guide_Service&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="United States Capitol Guide Service (not yet started)">Capitol Guide Service</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Capitol_Guide_Board&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="United States Capitol Guide Board (not yet started)">board</a>), <a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Capitol_Police&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="United States Capitol Police (not yet started)">Capitol Police</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Capitol_Police_Board&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Capitol Police Board (not yet started)">board</a>), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Chief_of_staff_(United_States_Congress)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chief of staff (United States Congress) (not yet started)">Chiefs of staff</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Government_Accountability_Office&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Government Accountability Office (not yet started)">GAO</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Government_Printing_Office&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="United States Government Printing Office (not yet started)">Government Printing Office</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Office_of_the_Law_Revision_Counsel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Office of the Law Revision Counsel (not yet started)">Law Revision Counsel</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Librarian_of_Congress&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Librarian of Congress (not yet started)"> Librarian of Congress</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Poet_Laureate_Consultant_in_Poetry_to_the_Library_of_Congress&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Poet Laureate Consultant in Poetry to the Library of Congress (not yet started)">Poet laureate</a> | House: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Chaplain_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chaplain of the United States House of Representatives (not yet started)">Chaplain</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Chief_Administrative_Officer_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chief Administrative Officer of the United States House of Representatives (not yet started)">Chief Administrative Officer</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Clerk_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Clerk of the United States House of Representatives (not yet started)">Clerk</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Doorkeeper_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Doorkeeper of the United States House of Representatives (not yet started)">Doorkeeper</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_House_of_Representatives_Office_of_Emergency_Planning,_Preparedness,_and_Operations&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="United States House of Representatives Office of Emergency Planning, Preparedness, and Operations (not yet started)">Emergency Planning, Preparedness, and Operations</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Historian_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Historian of the United States House of Representatives (not yet started)">Historian</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_House_of_Representatives_Page&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="United States House of Representatives Page (not yet started)">Page</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=House_Page_Board&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="House Page Board (not yet started)">board</a>), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Parliamentarian_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Parliamentarian of the United States House of Representatives (not yet started)">Parliamentarian</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Postmaster_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Postmaster of the United States House of Representatives (not yet started)">Postmaster</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Reading_Clerk_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Reading Clerk of the United States House of Representatives (not yet started)">Reading clerk</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Recording_Studio_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Recording Studio of the United States House of Representatives (not yet started)">Recording Studio</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sergeant_at_Arms_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="Sergeant at Arms of the United States House of Representatives">Sergeant at Arms</a> | Senate: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Chaplain_of_the_United_States_Senate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chaplain of the United States Senate (not yet started)">Chaplain</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Curator_of_the_United_States_Senate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Curator of the United States Senate (not yet started)">Curator</a>, <a href="/wiki/Historian_of_the_United_States_Senate" title="Historian of the United States Senate">Historian</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Senate_Librarian&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="United States Senate Librarian (not yet started)">Librarian</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Senate_Page&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="United States Senate Page (not yet started)">Page</a>, <a href="/wiki/Parliamentarian_of_the_United_States_Senate" title="Parliamentarian of the United States Senate">Parliamentarian</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Secretary_of_the_United_States_Senate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Secretary of the United States Senate (not yet started)">Secretary</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sergeant_at_Arms_of_the_United_States_Senate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sergeant at Arms of the United States Senate (not yet started)">Sergeant at Arms</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Politics &<br />Procedure</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Act_of_Congress" title="Act of Congress">Act of Congress</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_United_States_federal_legislation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of United States federal legislation (not yet started)">list</a>), <a href="/wiki/Congressional_caucus" title="Congressional caucus">Caucuses</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Congressional_committee&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="United States Congressional committee (not yet started)">Committees</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Congressional_hearing&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Congressional hearing (not yet started)">Hearings</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Joint_session_of_the_United_States_Congress&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Joint session of the United States Congress (not yet started)">Joint session</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Congressional_oversight&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Congressional oversight (not yet started)">Oversight</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Party_divisions_of_United_States_Congresses&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Party divisions of United States Congresses (not yet started)">Party divisions</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rider_(legislation)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rider (legislation) (not yet started)">Rider</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sponsor_(legislative)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sponsor (legislative) (not yet started)">Sponsorship</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Saxbe_fix&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Saxbe fix (not yet started)">Saxbe fix</a> | House: <a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_United_States_House_committees&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of United States House committees (not yet started)">Committees</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="History of the United States House of Representatives (not yet started)">History</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Procedures_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Procedures of the United States House of Representatives (not yet started)">Procedures</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mace_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mace of the United States House of Representatives (not yet started)">Mace of the House</a> | Senate: <a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Senate_committees" title="List of United States Senate committees">Committees</a>, <a href="/wiki/Filibuster" title="Filibuster">Filibuster</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_the_United_States_Senate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="History of the United States Senate (not yet started)">History</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jefferson%27s_Manual&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jefferson's Manual (not yet started)">Jefferson's Manual</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Traditions_of_the_United_States_Senate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Traditions of the United States Senate (not yet started)">Traditions</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Vice_Presidents%27_tie-breaking_votes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="United States Vice Presidents' tie-breaking votes (not yet started)">VPs' tie-breaking votes</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Buildings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Botanic_Garden" title="United States Botanic Garden">Botanic Garden</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_Capitol" title="United States Capitol">Capitol</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Capitol_Complex&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="United States Capitol Complex (not yet started)">Capitol Complex</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Congressional_office_buildings&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Congressional office buildings (not yet started)">Office buildings</a> (House: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cannon_House_Office_Building&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cannon House Office Building (not yet started)">Cannon</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ford_House_Office_Building&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ford House Office Building (not yet started)">Ford</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Longworth_House_Office_Building&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Longworth House Office Building (not yet started)">Longworth</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rayburn_House_Office_Building&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rayburn House Office Building (not yet started)">Rayburn</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=O%27Neill_House_Office_Building&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="O'Neill House Office Building (not yet started)">O'Neill</a> (<i>demolished</i>), Senate: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dirksen_Senate_Office_Building&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dirksen Senate Office Building (not yet started)">Dirksen</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hart_Senate_Office_Building&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hart Senate Office Building (not yet started)">Hart</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Russell_Senate_Office_Building&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Russell Senate Office Building (not yet started)">Russell</a>)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Research</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Biographical_Directory_of_the_United_States_Congress" title="Biographical Directory of the United States Congress">Biographical directory</a>, <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Congressional_Quarterly&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Congressional Quarterly (not yet started)">Congressional Quarterly</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Congressional_Record" title="Congressional Record">Congressional Record</a></i>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Congressional_Research_Service&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Congressional Research Service (not yet started)">Congressional Research Service</a>, <a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress" title="Library of Congress">Library of Congress</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Law_Library_of_Congress&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Law Library of Congress (not yet started)">Law Library</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Copyright_Office&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="United States Copyright Office (not yet started)">Copyright Office</a>), <i><a href="/wiki/The_Hill_(newspaper)" title="The Hill (newspaper)">The Hill</a></i>, <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roll_Call&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Roll Call (not yet started)">Roll Call</a></i>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=THOMAS&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="THOMAS (not yet started)">THOMAS</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Misc</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_United_States_congressional_lists&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of United States congressional lists (not yet started)">List of lists</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_congressional_districts" title="List of United States congressional districts">Congressional districts</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_United_States_congressional_districts_by_area&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of United States congressional districts by area (not yet started)">by area</a>), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Congressional_power_of_enforcement&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Congressional power of enforcement (not yet started)">Power of enforcement</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Category:Congressional_scandals&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Category:Congressional scandals (not yet started)">Scandals</a></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>Websites: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.house.gov">House of Representatives</a> | <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.senate.gov">Senate</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" 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