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class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Partisan_dispositions_around_Drvar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Partisan_dispositions_around_Drvar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Partisan dispositions around Drvar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Partisan_dispositions_around_Drvar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-German_intelligence" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#German_intelligence"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>German intelligence</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-German_intelligence-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Partisan_intelligence" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Partisan_intelligence"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Partisan intelligence</span> 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class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ground_forces" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ground_forces"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Ground forces</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ground_forces-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Operation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Operation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Operation</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Operation-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Operation subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Operation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Airborne_assault_and_initial_response" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Airborne_assault_and_initial_response"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Airborne assault and initial response</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Airborne_assault_and_initial_response-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Assault_on_Tito's_cave_and_the_Partisan_counterattack" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Assault_on_Tito's_cave_and_the_Partisan_counterattack"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Assault on Tito's cave and the Partisan counterattack</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Assault_on_Tito's_cave_and_the_Partisan_counterattack-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Second_German_attack_and_withdrawal" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Second_German_attack_and_withdrawal"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Second German attack and withdrawal</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Second_German_attack_and_withdrawal-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ground_force_assault_and_Partisan_withdrawal" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ground_force_assault_and_Partisan_withdrawal"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Ground force assault and Partisan withdrawal</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ground_force_assault_and_Partisan_withdrawal-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-25_May" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#25_May"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4.1</span> <span>25 May</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-25_May-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-26–27_May" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#26–27_May"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4.2</span> <span>26–27 May</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-26–27_May-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Aftermath" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Aftermath"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Aftermath</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Aftermath-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_film" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_film"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>In film</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_film-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Footnotes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Footnotes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Footnotes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Footnotes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Books" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Books"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Books</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Books-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Journals" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Journals"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2</span> <span>Journals</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Journals-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" 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Available in 19 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-19" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">19 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F_%E2%80%9E%D0%A0%D1%8C%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%88%D0%BF%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B3%E2%80%9C" title="Операция „Рьоселшпрунг“ – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Операция „Рьоселшпрунг“" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Desant_na_Drvar" title="Desant na Drvar – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Desant na Drvar" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operace_R%C3%B6sselsprung_(1944)" title="Operace Rösselsprung (1944) – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Operace Rösselsprung (1944)" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unternehmen_R%C3%B6sselsprung_(1944)" title="Unternehmen Rösselsprung (1944) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Unternehmen Rösselsprung (1944)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9ptima_Ofensiva_Antipartisana" title="Séptima Ofensiva Antipartisana – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Séptima Ofensiva Antipartisana" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Op%C3%A9ration_R%C3%B6sselsprung_(1944)" title="Opération Rösselsprung (1944) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Opération Rösselsprung (1944)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Desant_na_Drvar" title="Desant na Drvar – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Desant na Drvar" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operazione_R%C3%B6sselsprung" title="Operazione Rösselsprung – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Operazione Rösselsprung" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%94%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Десант на Дрвар – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Десант на Дрвар" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operacja_R%C3%B6sselsprung_(1944)" title="Operacja Rösselsprung (1944) – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Operacja Rösselsprung (1944)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opera%C3%A7%C3%A3o_R%C3%B6sselsprung" title="Operação Rösselsprung – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Operação Rösselsprung" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F_%C2%AB%D0%A5%D0%BE%D0%B4_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%91%D0%BC%C2%BB" title="Операция «Ход конём» – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Операция «Ход конём»" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Desant_na_Drvar" title="Desant na Drvar – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Desant na Drvar" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operacija_Konji%C4%8Dkov_skok" title="Operacija Konjičkov skok – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Operacija Konjičkov skok" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%94%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Десант на Дрвар – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Десант на Дрвар" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Desant_na_Drvar" title="Desant na Drvar – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Desant na Drvar" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_R%C3%B6sselsprung_(1944)" title="Operation Rösselsprung (1944) – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Operation Rösselsprung (1944)" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%B6sselsprung_Harek%C3%A2t%C4%B1_(1944)" title="Rösselsprung Harekâtı (1944) – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Rösselsprung Harekâtı (1944)" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%96%D1%8F_%C2%AB%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%88%D0%BF%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B3%C2%BB_(1944)" title="Операція «Рессельшпрунг» (1944) – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Операція «Рессельшпрунг» (1944)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q931125#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Operation_R%C3%B6sselsprung_(1944)" title="View the content page [c]" 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.geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Operation_R%C3%B6sselsprung_(1944)&params=44_22_51_N_16_23_14_E_region:BA_type:event"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">44°22′51″N</span> <span class="longitude">16°23′14″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">44.38083°N 16.38722°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">44.38083; 16.38722</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> <div id="mw-indicator-featured-star" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Featured_articles*" title="This is a featured article. Click here for more information."><img alt="Featured article" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e7/Cscr-featured.svg/20px-Cscr-featured.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e7/Cscr-featured.svg/30px-Cscr-featured.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e7/Cscr-featured.svg/40px-Cscr-featured.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="466" data-file-height="443" /></a></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">German military operation</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the German operation aimed at capturing or killing the Yugoslav Partisan leader Marshal Josip Broz Tito. For the plan by the German Kriegsmarine to intercept an Arctic convoy in mid–1942, see <a href="/wiki/Operation_R%C3%B6sselsprung_(1942)" title="Operation Rösselsprung (1942)">Operation Rösselsprung (1942)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r963460841">@media all and (min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .desktop-float-right{box-sizing:border-box;float:right;clear:right}}.mw-parser-output .infobox.vevent .status>p:first-child{margin:0}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1034237262">.mw-parser-output .stack{box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .stack>div{margin:1px;overflow:hidden}@media all and (min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .stack-clear-left{float:left;clear:left}.mw-parser-output .stack-clear-right{float:right;clear:right}.mw-parser-output .stack-left{float:left}.mw-parser-output .stack-right{float:right}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-clear-left{float:left;clear:left;margin-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-clear-right{float:right;clear:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-left{float:left;margin-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-right{float:right;margin-left:1em}}</style><div class="stack mw-stack stack-clear-right"><div><table class="infobox vevent" style="width:25.5em;border-spacing:2px;"><tbody><tr><th class="summary" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Operation Rösselsprung</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Part of <a href="/wiki/World_War_II_in_Yugoslavia" title="World War II in Yugoslavia">World War II in Yugoslavia</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;line-height:1.5em;"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Marshal_Tito_during_the_Second_World_War_in_Yugoslavia,_May_1944.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="a black and white photograph showing half a dozen men standing on a narrow wooden walkway alongside a rock wall" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Marshal_Tito_during_the_Second_World_War_in_Yugoslavia%2C_May_1944.jpg/220px-Marshal_Tito_during_the_Second_World_War_in_Yugoslavia%2C_May_1944.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="216" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Marshal_Tito_during_the_Second_World_War_in_Yugoslavia%2C_May_1944.jpg/330px-Marshal_Tito_during_the_Second_World_War_in_Yugoslavia%2C_May_1944.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Marshal_Tito_during_the_Second_World_War_in_Yugoslavia%2C_May_1944.jpg/440px-Marshal_Tito_during_the_Second_World_War_in_Yugoslavia%2C_May_1944.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="786" /></a></span><br />Marshal <a href="/wiki/Josip_Broz_Tito" title="Josip Broz Tito">Josip Broz Tito</a> (furthest right) with his cabinet and principal staff officers in <a href="/wiki/Drvar" title="Drvar">Drvar</a>, days before the offensive.</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2"><table style="width:100%;margin:0;padding:0;border:0;display:inline-table"><tbody><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Date</th><td>25–27 May 1944</td></tr><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Location</th><td><div class="location"><a href="/wiki/Drvar" title="Drvar">Drvar</a> region, <a href="/wiki/Bosnian_Krajina" class="mw-redirect" title="Bosnian Krajina">Bosnian Krajina</a>, <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Federal_Yugoslavia" title="Democratic Federal Yugoslavia">Yugoslavia</a></div><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Operation_R%C3%B6sselsprung_(1944)&params=44_22_51_N_16_23_14_E_region:BA_type:event"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">44°22′51″N</span> <span class="longitude">16°23′14″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">44.38083°N 16.38722°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">44.38083; 16.38722</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Result</th><td class="status"> German failure</td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Belligerents</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> <b><a href="/wiki/Axis_powers" title="Axis powers">Axis</a> and collaborationist forces:</b> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><span data-sort-value="Germany"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">Germany</a></span></li> <li><span data-sort-value="Croatia"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_Croatia_%281941%E2%80%931945%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Croatia_%281941%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_Croatia_%281941%E2%80%931945%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Croatia_%281941%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_Croatia_%281941%E2%80%931945%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Croatia_%281941%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Independent_State_of_Croatia" title="Independent State of Croatia">Croatia</a></span></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_the_Chetniks.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Chetniks.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_the_Chetniks.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Chetniks.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_the_Chetniks.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Chetniks.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1159" data-file-height="745" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Chetniks" title="Chetniks">Chetniks</a></li></ul> </div></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> <b><a href="/wiki/Allies_of_World_War_II" title="Allies of World War II">Allies</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281943%E2%80%931946%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281943%E2%80%931946%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281943%E2%80%931946%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281943%E2%80%931946%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281943%E2%80%931946%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281943%E2%80%931946%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_Partisans" title="Yugoslav Partisans">Yugoslav Partisans</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Roundel_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Roundel_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Roundel_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Roundel_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Roundel_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Roundel_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Roundel_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="602" data-file-height="602" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Balkan_Air_Force" title="Balkan Air Force">Balkan Air Force</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Commanders and leaders</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany"><img alt="Nazi Germany" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Lothar_Rendulic" title="Lothar Rendulic">Lothar Rendulic</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany"><img alt="Nazi Germany" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Ernst_von_Leyser" title="Ernst von Leyser">Ernst von Leyser</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany"><img alt="Nazi Germany" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Otto_Kumm" title="Otto Kumm">Otto Kumm</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany"><img alt="Nazi Germany" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> Eduard Aldrian</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany"><img alt="Nazi Germany" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> Kurt Rybka</li></ul> </div></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_Partisans" title="Yugoslav Partisans"><img alt="Yugoslav Partisans" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281943%E2%80%931946%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281943%E2%80%931946%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281943%E2%80%931946%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281943%E2%80%931946%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281943%E2%80%931946%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281943%E2%80%931946%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Josip_Broz_Tito" title="Josip Broz Tito">Josip Broz Tito</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_Partisans" title="Yugoslav Partisans"><img alt="Yugoslav Partisans" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281943%E2%80%931946%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281943%E2%80%931946%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281943%E2%80%931946%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281943%E2%80%931946%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281943%E2%80%931946%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281943%E2%80%931946%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Ko%C4%8Da_Popovi%C4%87" title="Koča Popović">Koča Popović</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_Partisans" title="Yugoslav Partisans"><img alt="Yugoslav Partisans" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281943%E2%80%931946%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281943%E2%80%931946%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281943%E2%80%931946%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281943%E2%80%931946%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281943%E2%80%931946%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281943%E2%80%931946%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Slavko_Rodi%C4%87" title="Slavko Rodić">Slavko Rodić</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_Partisans" title="Yugoslav Partisans"><img alt="Yugoslav Partisans" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281943%E2%80%931946%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281943%E2%80%931946%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281943%E2%80%931946%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281943%E2%80%931946%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281943%E2%80%931946%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281943%E2%80%931946%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></span> Vlado Ćetković</li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Roundel_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Roundel_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Roundel_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Roundel_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Roundel_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Roundel_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Roundel_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="602" data-file-height="602" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/William_Elliot_(RAF_officer)" title="William Elliot (RAF officer)">William Elliot</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Strength</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 12,000 <a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">German</a> troops, unknown number of <a href="/wiki/Independent_State_of_Croatia" title="Independent State of Croatia">NDH</a> and <a href="/wiki/Chetniks" title="Chetniks">Chetnik</a> troops</td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 12,000–16,000</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Casualties and losses</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li>789 killed</li> <li>929 wounded</li> <li>51 missing</li></ul> </div></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> See <a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Aftermath">Aftermath</a> section</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="border-top:1px dotted #aaa;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap noviewer noresize thumb tnone"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;border:none"><div style="position:relative;width:220px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Independent_State_Of_Croatia_1943_Locator_Map.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Drvar is located in NDH"><img alt="Drvar is located in NDH" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Independent_State_Of_Croatia_1943_Locator_Map.png/220px-Independent_State_Of_Croatia_1943_Locator_Map.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="216" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Independent_State_Of_Croatia_1943_Locator_Map.png/330px-Independent_State_Of_Croatia_1943_Locator_Map.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Independent_State_Of_Croatia_1943_Locator_Map.png/440px-Independent_State_Of_Croatia_1943_Locator_Map.png 2x" data-file-width="1220" data-file-height="1200" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:51.616%;left:34.361%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Drvar"><img alt="Drvar" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:5px"><div>Drvar</div></div></div></div><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Independent_State_Of_Croatia_1943_Locator_Map.png" title="File:Independent State Of Croatia 1943 Locator Map.png">class=notpageimage| </a></div>A map of the Independent State of Croatia showing the location of Drvar</div></div></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div 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style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span style="line-height:1.6em"><a href="/wiki/World_War_II_in_Yugoslavia" title="World War II in Yugoslavia"><span class="wrap">World War II in Yugoslavia</span></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><b>1941</b> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Invasion_of_Yugoslavia" title="Invasion of Yugoslavia">Axis invasion</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Retribution_(1941)" class="mw-redirect" title="Operation Retribution (1941)">Bombing of Belgrade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bombing_of_Sarajevo_in_World_War_II" title="Bombing of Sarajevo in World War II">Bombing of Sarajevo</a></li></ul></li></ul> <p><b>Uprisings</b> </p> <ul><li><b>Uprising in Bosnia and Herzegovina</b></li></ul> <ul><li><ul><li><a href="/wiki/May_1941_Sanski_Most_revolt" title="May 1941 Sanski Most revolt">Sanski Most</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_1941_uprising_in_eastern_Herzegovina" title="June 1941 uprising in eastern Herzegovina">Eastern Herzegovina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drvar_uprising" title="Drvar uprising">Drvar uprising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Rogatica_(1941)" title="Siege of Rogatica (1941)">Rogatica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_Olovo_(1941)" title="Capture of Olovo (1941)">Olovo</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><b>Uprising in Croatia</b></li></ul> <ul><li><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Srb_uprising" title="Srb uprising">Srb uprising</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Uprising_in_Serbia_(1941)" title="Uprising in Serbia (1941)">Uprising in Serbia</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bela_Crkva_incident" title="Bela Crkva incident">Bela Crkva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Loznica_(1941)" title="Battle of Loznica (1941)">Loznica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Banja_Kovilja%C4%8Da" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Banja Koviljača">Banja Koviljača</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attack_on_%C5%A0abac" title="Attack on Šabac">Šabac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attack_on_Kru%C5%A1evac" title="Attack on Kruševac">Kruševac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ma%C4%8Dva_operation" title="Mačva operation">Mačva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Uzice" title="Operation Uzice"><i>Uzice</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Kraljevo" title="Siege of Kraljevo">Kraljevo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tre%C5%A1njica" title="Battle of Trešnjica">Trešnjica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Novi_Pazar" title="Battle of Novi Pazar">Novi Pazar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Mihailovic" title="Operation Mihailovic"><i>Mihailovic</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sjenica_(1941)" title="Battle of Sjenica (1941)">Sjenica</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Uprising_in_Montenegro_(1941)" title="Uprising in Montenegro (1941)">Uprising in Montenegro</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Bullseye" title="Operation Bullseye">Bullseye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Pljevlja" title="Battle of Pljevlja">Pljevlja</a></li></ul></li></ul> <p><b>1942</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Dra%C5%BEgo%C5%A1e" title="Battle of Dražgoše">Dražgoše</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Southeast_Croatia" title="Operation Southeast Croatia"><i>Southeast Croatia</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Hydra_(Yugoslavia)" title="Operation Hydra (Yugoslavia)">Hydra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Prijedor" title="Operation Prijedor"><i>Prijedor</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Nanos" title="Battle of Nanos">Nanos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Trio" title="Operation Trio"><i>Trio</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chetnik_sabotage_of_Axis_communication_lines" title="Chetnik sabotage of Axis communication lines">Chetnik sabotage of Axis communication lines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1942_Montenegro_offensive" class="mw-redirect" title="1942 Montenegro offensive">Montenegro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kozara_Offensive" title="Kozara Offensive">Kozara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Partisan_Long_March" title="Partisan Long March">Partisan Long March</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kupres_(1942)" title="Battle of Kupres (1942)">Kupres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Livno" title="Battle of Livno">Livno</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Alfa" title="Operation Alfa"><i>Alfa</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Kopaonik" title="Operation Kopaonik"><i>Kopaonik</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biha%C4%87_operation" title="Bihać operation">Bihać</a></li></ul> <p><b>1943</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Case_White" title="Case White"><i>Case White</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mission_Greenwood%E2%80%93Rootham" title="Mission Greenwood–Rootham">Greenwood–Rootham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Otto_(1943)" title="Operation Otto (1943)"><i>Otto</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Fungus" title="Operation Fungus">Fungus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Hoathley_1" title="Operation Hoathley 1">Hoathley 1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Case_Black" title="Case Black"><i>Case Black</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Typical" title="Operation Typical"><i>Typical</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Zvornik" title="Battle of Zvornik">Zvornik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mission_Davidson" title="Mission Davidson">Davidson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Gr%C4%8Darice" title="Battle of Grčarice">Grčarice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Turjak" title="Siege of Turjak">Turjak Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maclean_Mission" title="Maclean Mission">Maclean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Vi%C5%A1egrad" title="Battle of Višegrad">Višegrad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bombing_of_Podgorica_in_World_War_II" title="Bombing of Podgorica in World War II">Bombing of Podgorica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bombing_of_Zadar_in_World_War_II" title="Bombing of Zadar in World War II">Bombing of Zadar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Delphin" title="Operation Delphin"><i>Delphin</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mission_Rogers" title="Mission Rogers">Rogers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Kugelblitz" title="Operation Kugelblitz"><i>Kugelblitz</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ko%C4%8Devje" title="Battle of Kočevje">Kočevje</a></li></ul> <p><b>1944</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/13th_Waffen_Mountain_Division_of_the_SS_Handschar_(1st_Croatian)#Anti-Partisan_operations_March_to_May_1944" title="13th Waffen Mountain Division of the SS Handschar (1st Croatian)"><i>Maibaum</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bombing_of_Belgrade_(1944)" title="Bombing of Belgrade (1944)">Bombing of Belgrade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raid_on_Mljet" title="Raid on Mljet">Raid on Mljet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raid_on_%C5%A0olta" title="Raid on Šolta">Raid on Šolta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mission_Dafoe" title="Mission Dafoe">Dafoe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mission_Lindsay" title="Mission Lindsay">Lindsay</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink"><i>Rösselsprung</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Draufg%C3%A4nger" title="Operation Draufgänger">Andrijevica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Halyard" title="Operation Halyard"><i>Halyard</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raid_at_O%C5%BEbalt" title="Raid at Ožbalt">Ožbalt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Ratweek_(1944)" title="Operation Ratweek (1944)"><i>Ratweek</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Serbia" title="Battle of Serbia">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belgrade_Offensive" class="mw-redirect" title="Belgrade Offensive">Belgrade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ni%C5%A1_operation" title="Niš operation">Niš</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stracin%E2%80%93Kumanovo_operation" title="Stracin–Kumanovo operation">Stracin–Kumanovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Vukov_Klanac" title="Battle of Vukov Klanac">Vukov Klanac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bregalnitsa%E2%80%93Strumica_operation" title="Bregalnitsa–Strumica operation">Bregalnitsa–Strumica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosovo_Operation_(1944)" title="Kosovo Operation (1944)">Kosovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrmian_Front" title="Syrmian Front">Syrmian Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Floxo" title="Operation Floxo"><i>Floxo</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_battle_over_Ni%C5%A1" class="mw-redirect" title="Air battle over Niš">Niš airspace incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Batina" title="Battle of Batina">Batina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Knin" title="Battle of Knin">Knin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Desivojca" title="Battle of Desivojca">Desivojca</a></li></ul> <p><b>1945</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Trnovo" title="Battle of Trnovo">Trnovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mostar_operation" title="Mostar operation">Mostar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bombing_of_Zagreb_in_World_War_II" title="Bombing of Zagreb in World War II">Bombing of Zagreb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Spring_Awakening" title="Operation Spring Awakening">Spring Awakening</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Transdanubian_Hills" title="Battle of the Transdanubian Hills">Transdanubian Hills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lika-Primorje_operation" title="Lika-Primorje operation">Lika-Primorje</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nagykanizsa-K%C3%B6rmend_Offensive" class="mw-redirect" title="Nagykanizsa-Körmend Offensive">Nagykanizsa-Körmend</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarajevo_Operation" title="Sarajevo Operation">Sarajevo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Lijev%C4%8De_Field" title="Battle of Lijevče Field">Lijevče Field</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trieste_operation" class="mw-redirect" title="Trieste operation">Trieste</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Zelengora" title="Battle of Zelengora">Zelengora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Poljana" title="Battle of Poljana">Poljana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Od%C5%BEak" title="Battle of Odžak">Odžak</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Axis_occupation_of_Serbia" title="Axis occupation of Serbia">Axis occupation of Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_occupation_of_Yugoslav_territories" title="Hungarian occupation of Yugoslav territories">Hungarian occupation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosovo_during_World_War_II" title="Kosovo during World War II">Kosovo during World War II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_War_II_in_the_Slovene_Lands" title="World War II in the Slovene Lands">World War II in the Slovene Lands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_War_II_in_Yugoslav_Macedonia" title="World War II in Yugoslav Macedonia">World War II in Yugoslav Macedonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_warfare_in_Yugoslavia_(1941%E2%80%931945)" title="Air warfare in Yugoslavia (1941–1945)">Air warfare in Yugoslavia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allied_bombing_of_Yugoslavia_in_World_War_II" title="Allied bombing of Yugoslavia in World War II">Allied bombing campaign</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></div> <p><b>Operation Rösselsprung</b> (German: <i lang="de">Unternehmen Rösselsprung</i>, <small><abbr title="Literal translation">lit.</abbr> </small>'<a href="/wiki/Knight_(chess)" title="Knight (chess)">Knight's move</a>') was a combined <a href="/wiki/Airborne_forces" title="Airborne forces">airborne</a> and ground assault by the <a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">German</a> <a href="/wiki/XV_Mountain_Corps_(Germany)" class="mw-redirect" title="XV Mountain Corps (Germany)">XV Mountain Corps</a> and <a href="/wiki/Collaborationism" class="mw-redirect" title="Collaborationism">collaborationist</a> forces on the <a href="/wiki/Partisan_Supreme_Headquarters" class="mw-redirect" title="Partisan Supreme Headquarters">Supreme Headquarters</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_Partisans" title="Yugoslav Partisans">Yugoslav Partisans</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Bosnia_(region)" title="Bosnia (region)">Bosnian</a> town of <a href="/wiki/Drvar" title="Drvar">Drvar</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Independent_State_of_Croatia" title="Independent State of Croatia">Independent State of Croatia</a> during <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>. It was launched 25 May 1944, with the goal of capturing or killing Partisan leader Marshal <a href="/wiki/Josip_Broz_Tito" title="Josip Broz Tito">Josip Broz Tito</a> and destroying the headquarters, support facilities and co-located <a href="/wiki/Allies_of_World_War_II" title="Allies of World War II">Allied</a> military missions. It is associated with the <b>Seventh Enemy Offensive</b> (<a href="/wiki/Serbo-Croatian_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Serbo-Croatian language">Serbo-Croatian</a>: <i lang="sh">Sedma neprijateljska ofenziva</i>) in <a href="/wiki/Socialist_Federal_Republic_of_Yugoslavia" title="Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia">Yugoslav</a> history, forming part of the <a href="/wiki/Seven_Enemy_Offensives" title="Seven Enemy Offensives">Seven Enemy Offensives</a> historiographical framework. The airborne assault itself is also known as the <b>Raid on Drvar</b> (Serbo-Croatian: <i lang="sh">Desant na Drvar</i>). </p><p>Operation Rösselsprung was a <a href="/wiki/Coup_de_main" title="Coup de main">coup de main</a> operation, involving <a href="/wiki/Direct_action_(military)" title="Direct action (military)">direct action</a> by a combined <a href="/wiki/Parachute_infantry" class="mw-redirect" title="Parachute infantry">parachute</a> and <a href="/wiki/Military_glider" title="Military glider">glider-borne</a> assault by the <a href="/wiki/500th_SS_Parachute_Battalion" title="500th SS Parachute Battalion">500th SS Parachute Battalion</a> and a planned subsequent link-up with ground forces of the XV Mountain Corps converging on Drvar. The airborne assault was preceded by heavy bombing of the town by the <a href="/wiki/Luftwaffe" title="Luftwaffe">Luftwaffe</a>. The ground forces included <a href="/wiki/Croatian_Home_Guard_(Independent_State_of_Croatia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Croatian Home Guard (Independent State of Croatia)">Home Guard</a> forces of the Independent State of Croatia along with collaborationist <a href="/wiki/Chetniks" title="Chetniks">Chetniks</a>. Tito, his principal headquarters staff and the Allied military personnel escaped, despite their presence in Drvar at the time of the airborne assault. Fierce Partisan resistance in the town itself and along the approaches to Drvar contributed to the failure of the mission. Other factors included the German <a href="/wiki/Military_intelligence" title="Military intelligence">intelligence agencies</a> refusing to share the limited information available on Tito's exact location, and the lack of <a href="/wiki/Contingency_plan" title="Contingency plan">contingency planning</a> by the commander of the German airborne force. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background">Background</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Operation_R%C3%B6sselsprung_(1944)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Background"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/World_War_II_in_Yugoslavia" title="World War II in Yugoslavia">World War II in Yugoslavia</a></div> <p>On 6 April 1941 the Axis powers <a href="/wiki/Invasion_of_Yugoslavia" title="Invasion of Yugoslavia">invaded Yugoslavia</a> from multiple directions, rapidly overwhelming the under-prepared <a href="/wiki/Royal_Yugoslav_Army" title="Royal Yugoslav Army">Royal Yugoslav Army</a> which capitulated 11 days later.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPavlowitch200716–19_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPavlowitch200716–19-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the aftermath of the invasion Yugoslavia was partitioned between the Axis powers through a combination of annexations and occupation zones. An Axis <a href="/wiki/Puppet_state" title="Puppet state">puppet state</a> known as the <a href="/wiki/Independent_State_of_Croatia" title="Independent State of Croatia">Independent State of Croatia</a> (<a href="/wiki/Serbo-Croatian_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Serbo-Croatian language">Serbo-Croatian</a>: <i lang="sh">Nezavisna Država Hrvatska</i>, NDH) was established on the territory of modern-day <a href="/wiki/Croatia" title="Croatia">Croatia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a>, controlled by the <a href="/wiki/Fascism" title="Fascism">fascist</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ultranationalism" title="Ultranationalism">ultra-nationalist</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Usta%C5%A1e" title="Ustaše">Ustaše</a></i>. The NDH was divided by a German–Italian demarcation line, known as the "Vienna Line"; the Germans occupied the north and northeastern parts of the NDH, and the Italians the south and southwestern sections. The NDH immediately implemented <a href="/wiki/Genocide" title="Genocide">genocidal</a> policies against the <a href="/wiki/Serb" class="mw-redirect" title="Serb">Serb</a>, Jewish and <a href="/wiki/Romani_people" title="Romani people">Romani</a> population of the puppet state.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHoare200620–24_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoare200620–24-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Following the collapse of Yugoslavia, armed groups appeared, and in the territory of the NDH, while the predominantly Serb resistance to <i>Ustaše</i> rule was initially not strongly aligned with ideology, two principal groups soon established themselves, the <a href="/wiki/League_of_Communists_of_Yugoslavia" title="League of Communists of Yugoslavia">communist</a>-led <a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_Partisans" title="Yugoslav Partisans">Partisans</a> and the Serb nationalist <a href="/wiki/Chetniks" title="Chetniks">Chetniks</a>. The Partisans were resolutely anti-Axis throughout the war, but the Chetniks extensively <a href="/wiki/Collaborationism" class="mw-redirect" title="Collaborationism">collaborated</a> with <a href="/wiki/Royal_Italian_Army" title="Royal Italian Army">Italian occupation forces</a> garrisoned in the NDH from mid-1941, and also with the Germans, especially after the <a href="/wiki/Armistice_between_Italy_and_Allied_armed_forces" class="mw-redirect" title="Armistice between Italy and Allied armed forces">Italian capitulation</a> in September 1943.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERamet2006113–114,_145–151_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERamet2006113–114,_145–151-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Axis <a href="/wiki/Case_White" title="Case White">Case White</a> and <a href="/wiki/Case_Black" title="Case Black">Case Black</a> offensives of the first six months of 1943 caused significant setbacks for the Partisans; however, in September the Partisan leader <a href="/wiki/Josip_Broz_Tito" title="Josip Broz Tito">Josip Broz Tito</a> took advantage of the capitulation of Italy and managed to increase the territory under his control and double his forces to around 200,000 men, arming them with captured Italian weapons. In late November, he held a <a href="/wiki/AVNOJ#Second_session_of_the_AVNOJ" class="mw-redirect" title="AVNOJ">National Congress</a> at <a href="/wiki/Jajce" title="Jajce">Jajce</a> in a liberated area of the NDH, during which he was designated <a href="/wiki/Marshal_of_Yugoslavia" title="Marshal of Yugoslavia">marshal of Yugoslavia</a> and prime minister. He established <a href="/wiki/Partisan_Supreme_Headquarters" class="mw-redirect" title="Partisan Supreme Headquarters">his headquarters</a> nearby at <a href="/wiki/Drvar" title="Drvar">Drvar</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Dinaric_Alps" title="Dinaric Alps">Dinaric Alps</a> and temporarily suspended his successful tactic of being constantly on the move. <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Field_Marshal_(Germany)" class="mw-redirect" title="Field Marshal (Germany)">Generalfeldmarschall</a></i></span><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Maximilian_von_Weichs" title="Maximilian von Weichs">Maximilian von Weichs</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Wehrmacht" title="Wehrmacht">Wehrmacht</a> <a href="/wiki/Commander-in-chief" title="Commander-in-chief">Commander-in-chief</a> Southeast Europe, admitted a few weeks later that "Tito is our most dangerous enemy."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBennett1987196_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBennett1987196-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Tito's personal headquarters was initially located in a cave below a ridgeline about 1 km (0.6 mi) north of the centre of Drvar. Below the cave ran the <a href="/wiki/Unac_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Unac River">Unac River</a>, creating an obstacle to movement between the town and the cave, and a rail line ran along the ridgeline above the cave. As well as Partisan headquarters, several Partisan and Communist Party support, training and youth organisations were based in and around Drvar at the time, along with the <a href="/wiki/Tito_Escort_Battalion" title="Tito Escort Battalion">Tito Escort Battalion</a> which was responsible for Tito's personal safety. The British and Soviet military missions to the Partisans were also stationed in villages close to Drvar, as were some United States military officers. The British mission was headed by <a href="/wiki/Brigadier" title="Brigadier">Brigadier</a> <a href="/wiki/Sir_Fitzroy_Maclean,_1st_Baronet" title="Sir Fitzroy Maclean, 1st Baronet">Fitzroy Maclean</a>, who was in London at the time of the raid, and included <a href="/wiki/Major_(United_Kingdom)" title="Major (United Kingdom)">Major</a> <a href="/wiki/Randolph_Churchill" title="Randolph Churchill">Randolph Churchill</a>, son of <a href="/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill">Winston Churchill</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERoberts1987227–228_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERoberts1987227–228-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEyre2006350–351_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEyre2006350–351-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At the time of Operation Rösselsprung (German: <i lang="de">Unternehmen Rösselsprung</i>), the British mission was led by its <a href="/wiki/Second-in-command" title="Second-in-command">second-in-command</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_Colonel" class="mw-redirect" title="Lieutenant Colonel">Lieutenant Colonel</a> <a href="/wiki/Vivian_Street_(British_Army_officer)" title="Vivian Street (British Army officer)">Vivian Street</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcConville199765_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcConville199765-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Partisan_dispositions_around_Drvar">Partisan dispositions around Drvar</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Operation_R%C3%B6sselsprung_(1944)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Partisan dispositions around Drvar"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Desant_na_Drvar.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Map showing the deployment of Partisan forces around Drvar" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Desant_na_Drvar.jpg/275px-Desant_na_Drvar.jpg" decoding="async" width="275" height="241" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Desant_na_Drvar.jpg/413px-Desant_na_Drvar.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Desant_na_Drvar.jpg/550px-Desant_na_Drvar.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1755" /></a><figcaption>The deployment of Partisan forces around Drvar is shown in red, with German movements shown in blue</figcaption></figure> <p>Apart from Partisan headquarters and related organisations in and around Drvar, there were between 12,000 and 16,000 Partisans in the area of operations that would be subject to the ground assault by XV Mountain Corps. Near Drvar were elements of the <a href="/wiki/1st_Proletarian_Corps_(Yugoslav_Partisans)" class="mw-redirect" title="1st Proletarian Corps (Yugoslav Partisans)">1st Proletarian Corps</a> commanded by <a href="/wiki/Ko%C4%8Da_Popovi%C4%87" title="Koča Popović">Koča Popović</a>; this corps consisted of the elite <a href="/wiki/1st_Proletarian_Division_(Yugoslav_Partisans)" class="mw-redirect" title="1st Proletarian Division (Yugoslav Partisans)">1st Proletarian</a> and <a href="/wiki/6th_Division_(Yugoslav_Partisans)" title="6th Division (Yugoslav Partisans)">6th Lika Proletarian divisions</a>, the corps headquarters being located in the village of <a href="/wiki/Mokronoge_(Drvar)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mokronoge (Drvar)">Mokronoge</a>, 6 km (3.7 mi) east of Drvar.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEyre2006350_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEyre2006350-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Its subordinate formations were further away, the 6th Lika Proletarian Division west of Drvar, and the 1st Proletarian Division deployed in the area around Jajce and <a href="/wiki/Mrkonji%C4%87_Grad" title="Mrkonjić Grad">Mrkonjić Grad</a>, some 50 km (31 mi) east of Drvar.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGeografski_institut_JNA195227_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGeografski_institut_JNA195227-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The nearest large Partisan formation to Drvar was the 3rd Lika Proletarian Brigade of the 6th Lika Proletarian Division based in the <a href="/wiki/Resanovci" title="Resanovci">Resanovci</a> and Trubar villages some 10 km (6 mi) south and southwest of Drvar.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOdić1981101_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOdić1981101-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the wider area of operations were the Partisan <a href="/wiki/5th_Corps_(Yugoslav_Partisans)" title="5th Corps (Yugoslav Partisans)">5th Corps</a> commanded by <a href="/wiki/Slavko_Rodi%C4%87" title="Slavko Rodić">Slavko Rodić</a> and the <a href="/wiki/8th_Corps_(Yugoslav_Partisans)" title="8th Corps (Yugoslav Partisans)">8th Corps</a> commanded by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Vlado_%C4%86etkovi%C4%87&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vlado Ćetković (page does not exist)">Vlado Ćetković</a>. The 5th Corps was deployed to the northeast and northwest of Drvar with its headquarters south of the Mrkonjić Grad–<a href="/wiki/Klju%C4%8D,_Una-Sana_Canton" title="Ključ, Una-Sana Canton">Ključ</a> road, and the 8th Corps was positioned to the southeast with its headquarters in the mountains between the <a href="/wiki/Glamo%C4%8D" title="Glamoč">Glamoč</a> and <a href="/wiki/Livno" title="Livno">Livno</a> valleys. Importantly for the coming battle, the <a href="/wiki/4th_Krajina_Division_(Yugoslav_Partisans)" class="mw-redirect" title="4th Krajina Division (Yugoslav Partisans)">4th Krajina Division</a> of the 5th Corps was deployed between <a href="/wiki/Biha%C4%87" title="Bihać">Bihać</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bosanski_Petrovac" title="Bosanski Petrovac">Bosanski Petrovac</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEyre2006364–365_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEyre2006364–365-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Two <a href="/wiki/Brigade" title="Brigade">brigades</a> of the 4th Krajina Division and one brigade from the <a href="/wiki/39th_Division_(Yugoslav_Partisans)" title="39th Division (Yugoslav Partisans)">39th Krajina Division</a> formed a defensive arc north of Drvar, running from Bihać through Krupa to Sanski Most.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGeografski_institut_JNA195227_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGeografski_institut_JNA195227-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/9th_Division_(Yugoslav_Partisans)" title="9th Division (Yugoslav Partisans)">9th Dalmatian Division</a> of the 8th Corps was deployed to the south between Livno and <a href="/wiki/Bosansko_Grahovo" title="Bosansko Grahovo">Bosansko Grahovo</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEyre2006365_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEyre2006365-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="German_intelligence">German intelligence</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Operation_R%C3%B6sselsprung_(1944)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: German intelligence"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bundesarchiv_Bild_101III-Alber-183-25,_Otto_Skorzeny.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="a black and white photograph of a uniformed German officer wearing the Knight's Cross and a helmet" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Bundesarchiv_Bild_101III-Alber-183-25%2C_Otto_Skorzeny.jpg/220px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_101III-Alber-183-25%2C_Otto_Skorzeny.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="353" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Bundesarchiv_Bild_101III-Alber-183-25%2C_Otto_Skorzeny.jpg/330px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_101III-Alber-183-25%2C_Otto_Skorzeny.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Bundesarchiv_Bild_101III-Alber-183-25%2C_Otto_Skorzeny.jpg/440px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_101III-Alber-183-25%2C_Otto_Skorzeny.jpg 2x" data-file-width="495" data-file-height="795" /></a><figcaption><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">SS-Sturmbannführer</i></span> Otto Skorzeny apparently did not pass on crucial information about the location of Tito's cave in Drvar</figcaption></figure> <p>Three German intelligence organisations attempted to determine the location of Tito's headquarters and the disposition of Partisan forces in Drvar.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEyre2006362–370_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEyre2006362–370-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The first of these was the Benesch Special Unit of Section II of the <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Abwehr" title="Abwehr">Abwehr</a></i></span> (the Wehrmacht intelligence service), some members of which had been involved in identifying Tito's presence in the town of Jajce prior to the <a href="/wiki/Sixth_enemy_offensive" class="mw-redirect" title="Sixth enemy offensive">German offensive</a> to retake the town. The Benesch Special Unit was part of the <a href="/wiki/Brandenburgers" title="Brandenburgers">Brandenburg Division</a>, and was staffed by <a href="/wiki/Germans_of_Yugoslavia" title="Germans of Yugoslavia">ethnic Germans</a> who spoke local languages. The unit had many contacts with both the Chetniks and the <a href="/wiki/Usta%C5%A1e_Militia" title="Ustaše Militia">Ustaše Militia</a>, and had been tracking Tito since October 1943. <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Leutnant" title="Leutnant">Leutnant</a></i></span><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kirchner of that unit had been responsible for locating Tito before the re-capture of Jajce, and he established a patrol base near Bosansko Grahovo. He got very close to the Drvar cave, and located the Allied military missions, but despite German radio intercepts confirming that Drvar was the site of Tito's headquarters, Kirchner was unable to pinpoint the cave as the location of the headquarters. Kirchner was attached to the <a href="/wiki/500th_SS_Parachute_Battalion" title="500th SS Parachute Battalion">500th SS Parachute Battalion</a> for the operation.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEyre2006362–365_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEyre2006362–365-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The second intelligence organisation was FAT (Front Reconnaissance Troop) 216 of Section I of the <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Abwehr</i></span>. FAT216, commanded by <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Leutnant</i></span> Zavadil, was also attached to the 500th SS Parachute Battalion, but did not contribute much to the intelligence used to plan the raid.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEyre2006370_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEyre2006370-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On <a href="/wiki/Adolf_Hitler" title="Adolf Hitler">Adolf Hitler</a>'s orders, <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Sturmbannf%C3%BChrer" title="Sturmbannführer">SS-Sturmbannführer</a></i></span><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>c<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Otto_Skorzeny" title="Otto Skorzeny">Otto Skorzeny</a> of the <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Sicherheitsdienst" title="Sicherheitsdienst">Sicherheitsdienst</a></i></span> (SD, the intelligence branch of the <a href="/wiki/Schutzstaffel" title="Schutzstaffel">SS</a>), who had commanded the <a href="/wiki/Gran_Sasso_raid" title="Gran Sasso raid">operation to rescue Mussolini</a> in September 1943, was independently involved in intelligence gathering in the lead-up to the raid.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEyre2006347_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEyre2006347-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Skorzeny acted on behalf of the SD, and after obtaining information from a Partisan deserter that pinpointed Tito's headquarters at the cave, he proposed a plan to infiltrate Drvar with a small group of soldiers to assassinate Tito.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEyre2006362_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEyre2006362-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Skorzeny soon discovered that the plan to eliminate Tito had been compromised, and had nothing further to do with the operation. It appears that he did not pass on the useful intelligence he had gathered to <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Hauptsturmf%C3%BChrer" title="Hauptsturmführer">SS-Hauptsturmführer</a></i></span><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>d<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kurt Rybka, the commander of the 500th SS Parachute Battalion, who was responsible for planning the critical airborne aspects of the operation.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEyre2006364_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEyre2006364-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Largely due to <a href="/wiki/Interservice_rivalry" title="Interservice rivalry">interservice rivalry</a> and competition,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEyre2006370_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEyre2006370-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the three organisations did not share the intelligence they gathered, which had a significant effect on the tactical planning and execution of the operation.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEyre2006363–364_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEyre2006363–364-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Germans found forged documents that stated 25 May was Tito's birthday and therefore planned the attack for that day.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVinterhalter197243_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVinterhalter197243-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Partisan_intelligence">Partisan intelligence</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Operation_R%C3%B6sselsprung_(1944)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Partisan intelligence"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><span><video id="mwe_player_0" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/With_Tito_in_Yugoslavia.ogv/250px--With_Tito_in_Yugoslavia.ogv.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="250" height="188" data-durationhint="160" data-mwtitle="With_Tito_in_Yugoslavia.ogv" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:With_Tito_in_Yugoslavia.ogv"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/76/With_Tito_in_Yugoslavia.ogv/With_Tito_in_Yugoslavia.ogv.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="320" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/76/With_Tito_in_Yugoslavia.ogv" type="video/ogg; codecs="theora, vorbis"" data-width="320" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/76/With_Tito_in_Yugoslavia.ogv/With_Tito_in_Yugoslavia.ogv.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="320" data-height="240" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AWith_Tito_in_Yugoslavia.ogv&lang=sh&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="sh" label="srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски ‪(sh)‬" data-dir="ltr" /></video></span><figcaption><a href="/wiki/United_Newsreel" class="mw-redirect" title="United Newsreel">United Newsreel</a> footage of Tito and his headquarters in Drvar</figcaption></figure> <p>The Partisans had an effective intelligence network. They had been aware of the presence of the 500th SS Parachute Battalion in Yugoslavia for some time, and of the general threat of an airborne assault for over six months. They may have become aware of the isolation of the 500th SS Parachute Battalion or the concentration of transport aircraft and <a href="/wiki/Military_glider" title="Military glider">gliders</a> at <a href="/wiki/Zagreb" title="Zagreb">Zagreb</a> and <a href="/wiki/Banja_Luka" title="Banja Luka">Banja Luka</a> over a month before the operation. The Partisans also managed to capture the deserter that Skorzeny had interrogated. As a result of these early indicators of an attack, Tito's main headquarters was relocated to another cave near the village of <a href="/wiki/Bastasi_(Bosansko_Grahovo)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bastasi (Bosansko Grahovo)">Bastasi</a>, 7 km (4.3 mi) west of Drvar. Tito then used the Drvar cave during the day, but returned to the Bastasi cave at night. As a further precaution, elements of the 6th Lika Proletarian Division were moved closer to Drvar.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEyre2006358_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEyre2006358-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 23 May 1944, a single German <a href="/wiki/Fieseler_Fi_156" class="mw-redirect" title="Fieseler Fi 156">Fieseler Fi 156</a> <a href="/wiki/Reconnaissance_aircraft" title="Reconnaissance aircraft">reconnaissance aircraft</a> flew several parallel runs up and down the Una valley over Drvar at around 600 m (2,000 ft);<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMelson2000105_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMelson2000105-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> activity consistent with conducting aerial photography.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcConville199766_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcConville199766-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The aircraft paid particular attention to the villages of Prinavor and <a href="/wiki/Trnini%C4%87_Brijeg" title="Trninić Brijeg">Trninić Brijeg</a> where the British military mission and American military personnel were located. This was observed by Street, the acting commander of the British military mission, who assumed it was spotting for a bombing raid and advised both Tito and the Americans. Both Allied missions moved their locations as a result.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEyre2006358–359_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEyre2006358–359-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Despite the intelligence received and observations made by the British, the Partisans appear to have been quite complacent about the threat; Tito's chief of staff, <a href="/wiki/Arso_Jovanovi%C4%87" title="Arso Jovanović">Arso Jovanović</a>, swore that "a German attack was impossible". The most obvious indicator that Tito was unaware of the imminent attack is that he remained at the Drvar cave overnight on the evening of 24 May, following a celebration, instead of returning to Bastasi.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEyre2006359_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEyre2006359-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Through <a href="/wiki/Ultra_(cryptography)" title="Ultra (cryptography)">Ultra</a> intercepts of German <a href="/wiki/Military_communications" title="Military communications">signal</a> traffic, the British had become aware that the Germans were planning an operation codenamed "Rösselsprung". However, the information available did not include where the operation would occur or what its objectives might be.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcConville199766_28-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcConville199766-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Planning">Planning</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Operation_R%C3%B6sselsprung_(1944)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Planning"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Following intelligence collection, higher level planning for the operation began on 6 May 1944, after von Weichs had issued his initial orders. Hitler gave his approval to von Weichs' final plans on 21 May.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBennett1987199_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBennett1987199-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The order to XV Mountain Corps was issued by <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Generaloberst" title="Generaloberst">Generaloberst</a></i></span><sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>e<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Lothar_Rendulic" title="Lothar Rendulic">Lothar Rendulic</a>, the commander of <a href="/wiki/2nd_Panzer_Army" title="2nd Panzer Army">2nd Panzer Army</a>, on the same day, leaving only three days for preparation. <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/General_of_the_Infantry_(Germany)" title="General of the Infantry (Germany)">General der Infanterie</a></i></span><sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>f<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Ernst_von_Leyser" title="Ernst von Leyser">Ernst von Leyser</a>, commander of XV Mountain Corps headquartered at <a href="/wiki/Knin" title="Knin">Knin</a>, was responsible for the conduct of the operation.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEyre2006347–348_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEyre2006347–348-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The ground forces of von Leyser's XV Mountain Corps were significantly reinforced from <a href="/wiki/Army_Group_F" title="Army Group F">Army Group F</a>, the 2nd Panzer Army and <a href="/wiki/V_SS_Mountain_Corps" title="V SS Mountain Corps">V SS Mountain Corps</a> reserves. These reinforcements included two <a href="/wiki/Panzer" class="mw-redirect" title="Panzer">panzer</a> companies, the reconnaissance battalions of the <a href="/wiki/1st_Mountain_Division_(Wehrmacht)" title="1st Mountain Division (Wehrmacht)">1st Mountain Division</a> (the 54th Mountain Reconnaissance Battalion) and the <a href="/wiki/369th_(Croatian)_Infantry_Division_(Wehrmacht)" class="mw-redirect" title="369th (Croatian) Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)">369th (Croatian) Infantry Division</a>, and most of the <a href="/wiki/7th_SS_Volunteer_Mountain_Division_Prinz_Eugen" title="7th SS Volunteer Mountain Division Prinz Eugen">7th SS Volunteer Mountain Division <i>Prinz Eugen</i></a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEyre2006373–376_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEyre2006373–376-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The total number of German troops allocated to the operation was about 16,000 men.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBennett1987197_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBennett1987197-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In outline, the XV Mountain Corps plan was for a heavy aerial bombardment of Partisan positions in and around Drvar by Luftwaffe aircraft, followed by a parachute and glider assault by the 500th SS Parachute Battalion who had the task of capturing or killing Tito and destroying his headquarters. The assault also included tasks to capture or destroy the Allied military missions to the Partisans. On the same day, ground elements of XV Mountain Corps were to converge on Drvar to link up with the 500th SS Parachute Battalion.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEyre2006348_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEyre2006348-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A small reconnaissance aircraft was tasked to fly into Drvar after its capture to retrieve Tito or his body.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEyre2006355_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEyre2006355-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="500th_SS_Parachute_Battalion">500th SS Parachute Battalion</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Operation_R%C3%B6sselsprung_(1944)&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: 500th SS Parachute Battalion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Rybka received an outline of the operation on 20 May, and more details the following day. He realised that the gliders and transport aircraft would be insufficient for the whole of the 500th SS Parachute Battalion to be delivered to Drvar in one lift, so he came up with a plan involving two waves. The first wave of 654 troops would conduct the assault at 07:00 and a second wave of 220 troops would follow about five hours later. Critically, the intelligence he was given regarding the suspected location of Tito's headquarters (codenamed "Citadel") was that it was in or near a cemetery on high ground southwest of the centre of Drvar, nearly 2 km (1.2 mi) from Tito's actual headquarters cave. This would have far-reaching effects on the planning and execution of the assault.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEyre2006351_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEyre2006351-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Rybka's plan for the first wave called for the insertion of 314 parachute troops in three groups (Red, Green and Blue) to secure the town, and another 354 troops in six glider-borne assault groups to carry out specific tasks. The glider-borne group tasks were:<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEyre2006349_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEyre2006349-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bundesarchiv_Bild_101I-567-1519-18,_Italien,_Lastensegler_DFS_230_auf_Flugplatz.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="a black and white photograph of a wide-bodied military glider" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Bundesarchiv_Bild_101I-567-1519-18%2C_Italien%2C_Lastensegler_DFS_230_auf_Flugplatz.jpg/220px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_101I-567-1519-18%2C_Italien%2C_Lastensegler_DFS_230_auf_Flugplatz.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="141" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Bundesarchiv_Bild_101I-567-1519-18%2C_Italien%2C_Lastensegler_DFS_230_auf_Flugplatz.jpg/330px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_101I-567-1519-18%2C_Italien%2C_Lastensegler_DFS_230_auf_Flugplatz.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Bundesarchiv_Bild_101I-567-1519-18%2C_Italien%2C_Lastensegler_DFS_230_auf_Flugplatz.jpg/440px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_101I-567-1519-18%2C_Italien%2C_Lastensegler_DFS_230_auf_Flugplatz.jpg 2x" data-file-width="798" data-file-height="511" /></a><figcaption>Luftwaffe <a href="/wiki/DFS230" class="mw-redirect" title="DFS230">DFS230</a> glider as used for troop insertion during Operation Rösselsprung</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Panther</i></span> Group (110 soldiers) – capture "Citadel" and destroy Tito's headquarters – to land at the cemetery</li> <li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Greifer</i></span> (Grabber) Group (40 soldiers) – destroy the British military mission in the village of Prnjavor 2 km south of Drvar on the road to Bosansko Grahovo</li> <li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Stürmer</i></span> (Stormer) Group (50 soldiers) – destroy the Soviet military mission between the centre of Drvar and the Unac river</li> <li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Brecher</i></span> (Breaker) Group (50 soldiers) – destroy the American military mission in the village of Trninić Brijeg 2 km south of the centre of Drvar</li> <li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Draufgänger</i></span> (Daredevil) Group (70 soldiers including members of the Brandenburg Division, the <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Abwehr</i></span> officer Lieutenant Zavadil and some collaborationist Chetniks) – capture the crossroads (codenamed "Western Cross") immediately to the west of Drvar including a nearby suspected communications facility</li> <li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Beißer</i></span> (Biter) Group (20 soldiers) – seize an outpost radio station to the south of Prnjavor then assist the <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Greifer</i></span> Group</li></ul> <p>The second wave of 220 troops based on the training company of the 500th SS Parachute Battalion was to insert by parachute at midday.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEyre2006349_40-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEyre2006349-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Rybka does not appear to have planned for any significant contingencies such as errors in the intelligence on the location of Tito's headquarters. His only known contingency plan was that he would fire a red signal flare to order all available forces to converge on his position for subsequent tasks.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEyre2006366_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEyre2006366-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 22 May 1944, the 500th SS Parachute Battalion was transported to airfields at <a href="/wiki/Zrenjanin" title="Zrenjanin">Nagy-Betskerek</a> (Zrenjanin), Zagreb and Banja Luka, dressed in Wehrmacht uniforms for security reasons. The troops were not briefed on the operation until a few hours before it was launched. They then linked up with their transport aircraft, including the ten-man Luftwaffe <a href="/wiki/DFS230" class="mw-redirect" title="DFS230">DFS230</a> gliders that would deliver the glider-borne troops onto their objectives. By 24 May, all preparations for the airborne assault were complete.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEyre2006349_40-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEyre2006349-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ground_forces">Ground forces</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Operation_R%C3%B6sselsprung_(1944)&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Ground forces"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The plan for the ground forces of von Leyser's XV Mountain Corps was for nine separate but coordinated thrusts toward the Drvar–Bosanski Petrovac area from all directions. The groupings and tasks were:<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>The 384th Infantry Regiment of the <a href="/wiki/373rd_(Croatian)_Infantry_Division_(Wehrmacht)" class="mw-redirect" title="373rd (Croatian) Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)">373rd (Croatian) Infantry Division</a> (Croatian legionnaires),<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESchraml1962193_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESchraml1962193-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with elements of the 2nd Company of the 202nd Panzer Battalion,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOdić1981118–119_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOdić1981118–119-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> referred to as <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Kampfgruppe" title="Kampfgruppe">Kampfgruppe</a> Willam</i></span> after its commander, <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Oberst</i></span><sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>g<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Willam, was to advance east at 05:00 from the village of <a href="/wiki/Srb" title="Srb">Srb</a> toward Drvar. <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Kampfgruppe Willam</i></span> had the primary responsibility for relieving then taking command of the 500th SS Parachute Battalion in Drvar on 25 May, and was then to attack in the direction of Bosanski Petrovac.</li> <li>A battalion group of the 373rd (Croatian) Infantry Division was to set out at 05:00 from <a href="/wiki/Donji_Lapac" title="Donji Lapac">Lapac</a> and drive east through <a href="/wiki/Kulen_Vakuf" title="Kulen Vakuf">Kulen Vakuf</a> to capture the crossroads at <a href="/wiki/Vrto%C4%8De_(Drvar)" class="mw-redirect" title="Vrtoče (Drvar)">Vrtoče</a>. If necessary, they were then to advance northwest toward Bihać to open the road.</li> <li>The 92nd Motorised Regiment, with the 54th Reconnaissance Battalion (from the 1st Mountain Division), the 55th <a href="/wiki/Pioneer_(military)" title="Pioneer (military)">Pioneer</a> Battalion (from the <a href="/wiki/1st_Cossack_Division" class="mw-redirect" title="1st Cossack Division">1st Cossack Division</a>),<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOdić198132_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOdić198132-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the 468th Armoured Car Company,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDimitrijevićSavić2011211_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDimitrijevićSavić2011211-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and a regimental group of the 2nd Croatian Light Infantry Brigade was to advance southeast from Bihać and Bosanska Krupa at 05:00 through Vrtoče to capture Bosanski Petrovac as quickly as possible, destroy the Partisans in that location, and occupy the Partisan airfield and supply installations. After capturing Bosanski Petrovac, elements were to be sent toward Drvar to prevent the withdrawal of Partisans along that road and to link up with the 500th SS Parachute Battalion in Drvar.</li> <li>A regimental group of the 7th SS Division was to advance west from the area of Mrkonjić Grad, break through Partisan resistance east of the <a href="/wiki/Sana_(river)" title="Sana (river)">Sana</a> and then advance on a wide front to block escape routes east out of Drvar. Part of this group was to advance from Jajce along the rail line and roads through Savici to reach their objective, the area around Mliniste power station.</li> <li>An ad hoc <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Kampfgruppe Panzergrenadier Sturmbattalion</i></span> consisting of officer cadets,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGreentree201223_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGreentree201223-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with 1st Company of the 202nd Panzer Battalion,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDimitrijevićSavić2011211_47-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDimitrijevićSavić2011211-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> under the command of the 7th SS Division, was to advance from Banja Luka toward Ključ to seize the crossing point across the Sana utilised by the Partisans.</li> <li>The 105th SS Reconnaissance Battalion with an additional panzer company was to advance from Livno and occupy any Partisan supply installations in the Livno Valley, and prevent any Partisan withdrawal to the south of Drvar by attacking through Bosansko Grahovo toward Drvar.</li> <li>The 369th Reconnaissance Battalion of the 369th (Croatian) Infantry Division (Croatian legionnaires), under the command of the 105th SS Reconnaissance Battalion, was to advance from Livno up the Glamoč Valley against Partisan forces withdrawing from Drvar to the southeast.</li> <li>The 1st Regiment of the Brandenburg Division, along with the collaborationist Chetnik <a href="/wiki/Dinara_Division" title="Dinara Division">Dinara Division</a> of <a href="/wiki/Mom%C4%8Dilo_%C4%90uji%C4%87" title="Momčilo Đujić">Momčilo Đujić</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPopovićLolićLatas1988340_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPopovićLolićLatas1988340-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> were to advance from <a href="/wiki/Knin" title="Knin">Knin</a> toward Bosansko Grahovo and conduct special operations against Partisans in the <a href="/wiki/Prekaja" title="Prekaja">Prekaja</a>-Drvar area.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Operation">Operation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Operation_R%C3%B6sselsprung_(1944)&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Operation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Drvar_Total_View.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="a panoramic photograph of a wide green valley with a small town in the middle distance" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Drvar_Total_View.jpg/275px-Drvar_Total_View.jpg" decoding="async" width="275" height="206" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Drvar_Total_View.jpg/413px-Drvar_Total_View.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Drvar_Total_View.jpg/550px-Drvar_Total_View.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>View of Drvar in 2007</figcaption></figure> <p>The offensive began at 05:00 on 25 May 1944 with the advance of ground forces from their assembly areas surrounding their assigned operational areas. About 06:35, five squadrons of Luftwaffe bombers, including <a href="/wiki/Junkers_Ju_87" title="Junkers Ju 87">Junkers Ju 87</a> <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Stuka</i></span> <a href="/wiki/Dive_bomber" title="Dive bomber">dive bombers</a>, began bombing targets within Drvar and Bosanski Petrovac. A total of 440 sorties were flown on that day.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEyre2006351_39-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEyre2006351-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMelson2000108_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMelson2000108-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Airborne_assault_and_initial_response">Airborne assault and initial response</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Operation_R%C3%B6sselsprung_(1944)&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Airborne assault and initial response"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The 500th SS Parachute Battalion began to parachute and glide onto their objectives at 07:00, most parachutists and glider pilots being able to land relatively close to their targets despite the smoke and dust from the bombing. Some gliders landed significantly off course, including one that landed in front of the Bastasi cave 7 km to the west of Drvar, and several that landed in a locality named <a href="/wiki/Vrto%C4%8De,_Drvar" title="Vrtoče, Drvar">Vrtoče</a> near Drvar (not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Vrto%C4%8De,_Bosanski_Petrovac" title="Vrtoče, Bosanski Petrovac">Vrtoče</a> between Bihać and Petrovac, which was on the axis of advance of the 92nd Motorised Regiment). The occupants of the glider that landed in Bastasi were immediately killed by members of the Tito Escort Battalion guarding the cave, and the occupants of the gliders at Vrtoče had to fight their way toward Drvar.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEyre2006351_39-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEyre2006351-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After landing, the first wave of the 500th SS Parachute Battalion quickly gained control of Drvar.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEyre2006352_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEyre2006352-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Panther</i></span> Group supported by Red Group overcame minimal resistance at the cemetery and Rybka established his headquarters behind the cemetery walls, but there was no sign of Tito or his headquarters. <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Greifer</i></span> Group and <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Brecher</i></span> Group were also unsuccessful as the British and American groups had moved following the aerial reconnaissance on 23 May. Parts of <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Stürmer</i></span> Group landed their gliders in a field immediately south of the Drvar cave and came under fire from members of the Tito Escort Battalion on the high ground in the area of the cave. The <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Draufgänger</i></span> Group landed their gliders at the "Western Cross", then assaulted a building they believed was the Partisan communications centre. The building was actually the office of the Communist Party of Yugoslavia Central Committee, who resisted fanatically until the building was levelled using <a href="/wiki/Satchel_charge" title="Satchel charge">satchel charges</a>. Both Blue Group and Green Group, consisting of parachute troops that landed in the eastern part of Drvar where most of the population lived, were also engaged in heavy fighting. The <a href="/wiki/League_of_Socialist_Youth_of_Yugoslavia" title="League of Socialist Youth of Yugoslavia">SKOJ</a> had just finished a conference in Drvar, and many of the delegates were still staying in the town. Many youths took up whatever arms they could obtain and commenced fighting the parachutists who were attempting to establish a cordon on the eastern side of the town.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEyre2006352–353_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEyre2006352–353-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>About 2 km further east on the road to Mokronoge was a Partisan officer training school with about 130 students. On hearing the fighting from the direction of Drvar, the students marched west initially armed with only pistols and a few rifles. They split into two groups, a smaller group that crossed the Unac and advanced west along the railway line on the ridge leading toward Tito's cave, and a larger group that collected arms and ammunition from several stray canisters of German equipment dropped by parachute. The larger group of students attacked Green and Blue Groups from the east around 08:00, suffering severe casualties, but maintained continuous pressure on the German flank. About 09:00, the Germans had largely secured Drvar, and the available troops went from house to house, armed with photographs of Tito, brutally questioning the civilians they could find. Soon after this commenced, Rybka realised that Partisan resistance was concentrated to the north in the vicinity of the cave. He, therefore, fired the red signal flare to rally his troops for an assault in that direction.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEyre2006353_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEyre2006353-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Assault_on_Tito's_cave_and_the_Partisan_counterattack"><span id="Assault_on_Tito.27s_cave_and_the_Partisan_counterattack"></span>Assault on Tito's cave and the Partisan counterattack</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Operation_R%C3%B6sselsprung_(1944)&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Assault on Tito's cave and the Partisan counterattack"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tito%27s_cabin_at_Drvar.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c9/Tito%27s_cabin_at_Drvar.jpg/220px-Tito%27s_cabin_at_Drvar.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="327" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/c/c9/Tito%27s_cabin_at_Drvar.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="258" data-file-height="384" /></a><figcaption>Tito's cave headquarters in 1990</figcaption></figure> <p>At about 10:30, Rybka launched a frontal attack across the Unac supported by at least one <a href="/wiki/MG_42" title="MG 42">MG42 machine gun</a> firing into the mouth of the cave. The Germans reached the base of the hill, fifty metres from the cave, but suffered severe casualties in the assault. They were also running low on water.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEyre2006353_53-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEyre2006353-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Before this attack, Tito and around 20 staff had taken refuge in the cave.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcConville199766_28-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcConville199766-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>While Rybka was assembling his troops for this attack, surrounding Partisan forces were rushed toward Drvar. Three battalions of the 3rd Lika Proletarian Brigade of the 6th Lika Proletarian Division approached from the southeast. One battalion attacked the German position at the cemetery while the other two swung around to strike the Germans from the west.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEyre2006353–354_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEyre2006353–354-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>About 11:15, after Rybka's first attack had been defeated, Tito and the small group gathered with him escaped from the cave.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEyre2006354_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEyre2006354-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There was a platform at the mouth of the cave, and they climbed down a rope through a trapdoor in the platform, although the panic displayed by Tito's mistress <a href="/w/index.php?title=Davorjanka_Paunovi%C4%87&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Davorjanka Paunović (page does not exist)">Davorjanka Paunović</a> (codenamed "Zdenka") and his dog <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Tigar</i></span> caused some delays. The party split up and following a creek leading away from the Unac, the small groups climbed the heights to the east and withdrew toward the village of <a href="/wiki/Potoci,_Drvar" title="Potoci, Drvar">Potoci</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcConville199766_28-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcConville199766-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Second_German_attack_and_withdrawal">Second German attack and withdrawal</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Operation_R%C3%B6sselsprung_(1944)&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Second German attack and withdrawal"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The second wave of parachute troops was dropped in two groups to the west of the cemetery at about midday. The drop zone was within <a href="/wiki/Field_of_fire_(weaponry)" class="mw-redirect" title="Field of fire (weaponry)">fields of fire</a> of the Partisans to the west of Drvar, and the paratroops suffered many casualties during the drop. Collecting the remainder, Rybka mounted a second attack, but the pressure on his flanks was too heavy, and the assault again failed. Fighting continued throughout the afternoon with both sides taking heavy casualties.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEyre2006354_55-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEyre2006354-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the late afternoon, Rybka ordered his forces to withdraw to the area of the cemetery where he formed a defensive perimeter. During the withdrawal, at least one group of troops was cut off and killed. About 18:00, Rybka was wounded by a <a href="/wiki/Grenade" title="Grenade">grenade</a> blast and was later evacuated with other casualties in the light aircraft intended to carry away Tito after his capture. Roughly at the same time, his Partisan counterpart in Drvar, Milan Šijan, the commander of the 3rd Lika Proletarian Brigade, was also wounded by German machine gun fire.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKrstić1991219_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKrstić1991219-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By 21:30, the Germans had consolidated their position in the cemetery, although they were completely surrounded by the Partisans. During the night, the 3rd Lika Proletarian Brigade attacked the cemetery, with the 1st Battalion of the 3rd Brigade of the 9th Dalmatian Division reinforcing the assault. At 03:30 on 26 May, the final Partisan attack was launched against the cemetery, breaching the walls in several places, but the paratroopers held on.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEyre2006354–355_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEyre2006354–355-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ground_force_assault_and_Partisan_withdrawal">Ground force assault and Partisan withdrawal</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Operation_R%C3%B6sselsprung_(1944)&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Ground force assault and Partisan withdrawal"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rosselsprung_KG_Willam_25_May_1944.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="map showing the ground assault on Drvar by Kampfgruppe Willam" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Rosselsprung_KG_Willam_25_May_1944.jpg/250px-Rosselsprung_KG_Willam_25_May_1944.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="251" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Rosselsprung_KG_Willam_25_May_1944.jpg/375px-Rosselsprung_KG_Willam_25_May_1944.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Rosselsprung_KG_Willam_25_May_1944.jpg/500px-Rosselsprung_KG_Willam_25_May_1944.jpg 2x" data-file-width="857" data-file-height="861" /></a><figcaption>The assault by <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Kampfgruppe Willam</i></span> on 25 May 1944</figcaption></figure> <p>Although its total strength was estimated at 185,500 men in late May 1944,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESchmider2002587_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESchmider2002587-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the 2nd Panzer Army was not able to rally more than 16,000 troops for Operation Rösselsprung due to ever-increasing Partisan activity throughout the country. The Germans had to rely on special forces and improved tactics.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOdić198126–30_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOdić198126–30-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Partisans defended the territory they controlled with significant demolition and mining of roads. Roadblocks were manned by patrols and smaller detachments, whose task was to hold off the enemy until reinforcements arrived.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOdić198142_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOdić198142-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During Operation Rösselsprung, the Germans rendered these tactics ineffective by combining strong and fast motorised columns with adequate pioneer support. This combination was especially successful for the column led by the 92nd Motorised Regiment.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOdić1981125–127_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOdić1981125–127-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The second German tactical innovation was the employment of five reconnaissance battalions for independent operations deep inside Partisan-controlled territory.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOdić1981272_62-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOdić1981272-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="25_May">25 May</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Operation_R%C3%B6sselsprung_(1944)&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: 25 May"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Throughout 25 May, the ground forces of XV Mountain Corps were not able to advance as quickly as planned. There was unexpected resistance from the Partisan 1st Proletarian, 5th and 8th Corps along their axes of advance, and there was very poor communication and coordination between the columns. The ground forces were also subjected to Allied air attacks by <a href="/wiki/Air_vice-marshal" title="Air vice-marshal">Air Vice-Marshal</a> <a href="/wiki/William_Elliot_(RAF_officer)" title="William Elliot (RAF officer)">William Elliot</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Balkan_Air_Force" title="Balkan Air Force">Balkan Air Force</a> throughout the day, called in by the British mission using their surviving radio.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEyre2006355_38-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEyre2006355-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKumm1995121_63-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKumm1995121-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPribilović1988277_64-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPribilović1988277-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERoberts1987229_65-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERoberts1987229-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rosselsprung_92_PZG_25_May_1944.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="map showing the ground assault on Drvar by the 92nd Motorised Regiment Kampfgruppe" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Rosselsprung_92_PZG_25_May_1944.jpg/250px-Rosselsprung_92_PZG_25_May_1944.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="211" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Rosselsprung_92_PZG_25_May_1944.jpg/375px-Rosselsprung_92_PZG_25_May_1944.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Rosselsprung_92_PZG_25_May_1944.jpg/500px-Rosselsprung_92_PZG_25_May_1944.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1240" data-file-height="1049" /></a><figcaption>The assault by the 92nd Motorised Regiment <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Kampfgruppe</i></span> on 25 May 1944</figcaption></figure> <p>At 05:00 on 25 May, <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Kampfgruppe Willam</i></span> commenced its attack from Srb in an easterly direction, aiming to cover the 20 km (12 mi) to Drvar as quickly as possible. It encountered organised resistance from the 2nd Lika Proletarian Brigade of the 6th Lika Proletarian Division. After a day's fighting, the Germans had captured <a href="/w/index.php?title=Trubar,_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Trubar, Bosnia and Herzegovina (page does not exist)">Trubar</a>, but were unable to overcome the defences of the hills east of the village. Recognising the importance of <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Kampfgruppe Willam</i></span>'s task, the commander of the 373th Division, <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Generalleutnant</i></span><sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>h<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Eduard_Aldrian&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eduard Aldrian (page does not exist)">Eduard Aldrian</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESchraml1962155_67-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESchraml1962155-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ordered the battalion group of the 373th Division to abandon its advance from Lapac to <a href="/wiki/Martin_Brod" title="Martin Brod">Martin Brod</a> and reinforce <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Kampfgruppe Willam</i></span> instead.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOdić1981118–124_68-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOdić1981118–124-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOrlović1990374–383_69-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOrlović1990374–383-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The remaining brigade of the 6th Lika Proletarian Division, the 1st Lika Proletarian Shock Brigade, was deployed to the north along the Una river. The 2nd Lika Proletarian Brigade requested assistance from the 1st Lika Proletarian Shock Brigade, but divisional headquarters ordered it to send reinforcements to Drvar instead. At 21:00, the 3rd Battalion of the 2nd Lika Proletarian Brigade launched a successful local <a href="/wiki/Counterattack" title="Counterattack">counterattack</a> on the vanguard of <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Kampfgruppe Willam</i></span>, separating it from the main body. Willam then decided to halt the advance and place the remaining units into all-round defence. At 22:25, Aldrian ordered him to resume the attack, but Willam reported that this was impossible due to loss of contact with his own units.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOdić1981124_70-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOdić1981124-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The 92nd Motorised Regiment <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Kampfgruppe</i></span> consisted of two columns, a western column based on the 92nd Motorised Regiment, and an eastern column consisting of the 54th Reconnaissance Battalion and 1st Home Guard Jäger Regiment of the 2nd Croatian Light Infantry Brigade. The western column advanced southeast from Bihać, and encountered resistance from the 6th Krajina Brigade of the 4th Krajina Division. By the end of the day, the western column had reached Vrtoče, halfway between Bihać and Bosanski Petrovac. Being fully motorised, it used its mobility to outmanoeuvre the Partisans, bypassing their main defensive positions to the west, the Cossack pioneers playing an important role in keeping the column moving.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGeografski_institut_JNA195227_11-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGeografski_institut_JNA195227-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDamjanovićPopović1985195–198_71-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDamjanovićPopović1985195–198-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The eastern column started its advance from Bosanska Krupa, aiming to establish contact with the western column at Vrtoče. It advanced 10 km before being held up by the defences of the 8th Krajina Brigade of the 4th Krajina Division.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEČaušević1981250–256_72-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEČaušević1981250–256-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOdić1981138_73-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOdić1981138-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rosselsprung_7th_SS_25_May_1944.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="map showing the ground assault on Drvar by elements of the 7th SS Division" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Rosselsprung_7th_SS_25_May_1944.jpg/250px-Rosselsprung_7th_SS_25_May_1944.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="267" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Rosselsprung_7th_SS_25_May_1944.jpg/375px-Rosselsprung_7th_SS_25_May_1944.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Rosselsprung_7th_SS_25_May_1944.jpg/500px-Rosselsprung_7th_SS_25_May_1944.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1750" data-file-height="1871" /></a><figcaption>The assault by elements of the 7th SS Division on 25 May 1944</figcaption></figure> <p>The forces commanded by the 7th SS Division were organised into northern, central and southern columns. The northern column consisted of <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Kampfgruppe Panzergrenadier Sturmbattalion</i></span> and included a company of tanks. It moved swiftly southwest from its start point near Banja Luka, and had reached Čađavica (at a crossroads halfway between Mrkonjić Grad and Ključ) by the evening of 25 May, brushing off the 16th Krajina Brigade of the 39th Krajina Division deployed on the right flank of its axis of advance. The rapid advance meant that the 13th Krajina Brigade of the 39th Krajina Division was unable to organise an effective defence. The 39th Krajina Division then ordered the 13th Krajina Brigade to block the road from Čađavica to Ključ to prevent the loss of Ključ, but only one battalion of the brigade managed to reach that position by dawn on 26 May.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEZorić1968156–167_74-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEZorić1968156–167-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOdić1981128–129_75-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOdić1981128–129-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The central column consisted of the 7th SS Reconnaissance Battalion reinforced with one battery of <a href="/wiki/Self-propelled_artillery" title="Self-propelled artillery">self-propelled guns</a>, which had a special task: it was to strike from Mrkonjić Grad, penetrate deeply into the Partisans’ rear and destroy the HQ of the 5th Partisan Corps in <a href="/wiki/Ribnik,_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Ribnik, Bosnia and Herzegovina">Ribnik</a>. Despite having only two battalions in the area (the third was facing <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Kampfgruppe Panzergrenadier Sturmbattalion</i></span> at Čađavica), the 13th Proletarian Brigade managed to hold off this thrust.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGeografski_institut_JNA195227_11-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGeografski_institut_JNA195227-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERadošević1984228–229_76-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERadošević1984228–229-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOdić1981130–131_77-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOdić1981130–131-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The southern column was based on the 13th SS Mountain Regiment, reinforced by I Battalion of the 7th SS Mountain Artillery Regiment and some Chetniks. This column launched its assault from the Jajce area, and had the task of reaching Mliništa (20 km south of Ključ). By 17:20, II Battalion of the 13th SS Mountain Regiment had taken <a href="/wiki/%C5%A0ipovo" title="Šipovo">Šipovo</a>, but any further advance was halted by the defences of the <a href="/wiki/1st_Proletarian_Brigade" class="mw-redirect" title="1st Proletarian Brigade">1st Proletarian Brigade</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVuksanović1981330–331_78-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVuksanović1981330–331-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOdić1981132–133_79-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOdić1981132–133-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rosselsprung_Recce_Regts_25_May_1944.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="map showing the ground assault by two German reconnaissance battalions" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Rosselsprung_Recce_Regts_25_May_1944.jpg/250px-Rosselsprung_Recce_Regts_25_May_1944.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="262" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Rosselsprung_Recce_Regts_25_May_1944.jpg/375px-Rosselsprung_Recce_Regts_25_May_1944.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Rosselsprung_Recce_Regts_25_May_1944.jpg/500px-Rosselsprung_Recce_Regts_25_May_1944.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1504" data-file-height="1574" /></a><figcaption>The assault by the 369th and 105th SS Reconnaissance Battalions from Livno on 25 May 1944</figcaption></figure> <p>The Germans deployed two columns to attack north from Livno. The 369th Reconnaissance Battalion with some 200 men from the 6th Ustaša Brigade advanced towards Glamoč, and the 105th SS Reconnaissance Battalion with a panzer company thrust in the direction of Bosansko Grahovo. By 16:00 on 25 May 1944, the 369th Reconnaissance Battalion column had reached the village of Han-Vrbe, some 5 km from Bosansko Grahovo. At that point, it was attacked by the 2nd Battalion of the 3rd Krajina Brigade and was forced to retreat. During the retreat, this column was attacked by two more battalions of the 3rd Krajina Brigade and was pushed back to its start line at Livno with heavy losses. A preliminary German report estimated their losses at 50,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOdić1981275_80-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOdić1981275-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but the 3rd Krajina Brigade estimated German losses at 191 dead and wounded.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETrikić1987241–244_81-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETrikić1987241–244-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOdić1981133–135_82-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOdić1981133–135-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The 105th SS Reconnaissance Battalion column overcame the resistance of local Partisan units and the 1st and 4th Battalions of the 13th Dalmatian Brigade, and by the end of the day had reached <a href="/w/index.php?title=Crni_Lug_(Bosansko_Grahovo)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Crni Lug (Bosansko Grahovo) (page does not exist)">Crni Lug</a>, some 20 km from Bosansko Grahovo. In the evening, the 13th Dalmatian Brigade was ordered to march towards <a href="/wiki/Veliko_Ti%C4%8Devo" title="Veliko Tičevo">Tičevo</a> and Drvar to reinforce the Partisan forces in that area.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOdić1981135–136_83-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOdić1981135–136-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFerenca197576–79_84-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFerenca197576–79-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The 1st Regiment of the Brandenburg Division, reinforced by a pioneer company from the 373rd (Croatian) Infantry Division and the Chetnik Dinara Division, attacked along the Knin–Bosansko Grahovo axis, pushed back the local Grahovo–Peulje Partisan Detachment and by the end of the day had reached positions some 5 km beyond <a href="/wiki/Strmica,_Croatia" title="Strmica, Croatia">Strmica</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOdić1981136–137_85-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOdić1981136–137-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Escorted by elements of the 3rd Krajina Brigade, Tito made his way to Potoci, where he was met by a battalion of the 1st Proletarian Brigade.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEyre2006355_38-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEyre2006355-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At Potoci, they were met by the staff of the Allied military missions. The British mission signals officer had brought the only surviving radio.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcConville199766_28-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcConville199766-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Initially, Tito had been in favour of continuing the attack on the SS paratroopers, but after reassessing the situation, he cancelled further attacks. As the German intention to encircle the Supreme Command in a small area around Drvar with approaching units, and then destroy it with land forces had become apparent by now, serious reorganisation of Partisan dispositions was required.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOdić1981139_86-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOdić1981139-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After German troops were observed in the area of Potoci, Tito and his companions were escorted towards Kupres.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEyre2006355_38-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEyre2006355-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The 2nd Panzer Army was monitoring the operation closely. The report of a special troop, which had been sent into the Partisans’ rear with the help of disguised Chetniks several days earlier, drew particular attention from Rendulic. According to this report, received late on 25 May, Tito was in the area of Potoci, halfway between Drvar and Ribnik. Rendulic ordered the commander of the 7th SS Division to immediately form a special company-strong detachment, with a mission to infiltrate behind the Partisan lines to kill Tito and destroy the Partisan Supreme Command. The detachment was formed on the night of 25/26 May from the 11th Company of the 13th SS Regiment, several pioneers, and a group of specially trained personnel from the Brandenburg Division. As the detachment failed to penetrate into the Partisan territory that night, it tried again the following night.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOdić1981175–176_87-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOdić1981175–176-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="26–27_May"><span id="26.E2.80.9327_May"></span>26–27 May</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Operation_R%C3%B6sselsprung_(1944)&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: 26–27 May"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>About 05:00 on 26 May, a Luftwaffe <a href="/wiki/Fighter-bomber" title="Fighter-bomber">fighter-bomber</a> formation engaged the Partisan troops withdrawing from Drvar.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEyre2006355_38-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEyre2006355-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The western column of the 92nd Motorised Regiment <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Kampfgruppe</i></span> was ordered to help assist the eastern column by detaching a reinforced panzer company from Vrtoče.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEČaušević1981250–256_72-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEČaušević1981250–256-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOdić1981138_73-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOdić1981138-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On the morning of 26 May, the German columns advancing from Bihać towards Ključ, and from Livno and Knin towards Bosansko Grahovo, overcame the Partisan units in their paths, and continued their advance facing little resistance. The 92nd Motorised Grenadier Regiment, advancing from Vrtoče, took Bosanski Petrovac without a fight about 08:00. It continued its march to Drvar and relieved the 500th SS Parachute Battalion at 12:45.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOdić1981146_88-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOdić1981146-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Kampfgruppe Willam</i></span> established radio contact with the 500th SS Battalion around 07:00, and at 17:00 entered Drvar via Kamenica.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOdić1981145_89-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOdić1981145-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEyre2006355–356_90-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEyre2006355–356-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The 105th SS Reconnaissance Battalion arrived at Bosansko Grahovo at 10:30, where it was joined by the 1st Regiment of the Brandenburg Division at 16:00. <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Kampfgruppe Panzergrenadier Sturmbattalion</i></span> entered Ključ at 14:15.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOdić1981148_91-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOdić1981148-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the eastern sector, the Partisan line of defence was still holding. During 26 and 27 May, the 7th SS Division continued exerting strong pressure on the 1st Proletarian Division in the upper Sana River Valley, but failed to achieve a decisive breakthrough. By the end of 27 May, the front line had stabilised to the north and south of Ribnik.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOdić1981149–158_92-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOdić1981149–158-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOdić1981164–170_93-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOdić1981164–170-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After the defeat it had suffered the previous day, the 369th Reconnaissance Battalion column did not resume its advance towards Glamoč on the 26th.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOdić1981170_94-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOdić1981170-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 26 May, due to the rapidly changing situation and communications difficulties, a degree of confusion emerged on both sides. Out of contact with their corps headquarters, the 4th Krajina Division continued to retain two brigades along the Bihać-Bosanski Petrovac road, even though the 92nd Motorised Regiment had already passed along this route and into their rear. The critically important Bosanski Petrovac-Ključ road to the south was left unguarded, endangering Tito and Partisan Supreme Headquarters as they fled from Drvar.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOdić1981174_95-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOdić1981174-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>XV Mountain Corps failed to recognise and exploit these flaws in Partisan deployments. After the 500th Parachute Battalion had been relieved, the XV Mountain Corps ordered the units in the Drvar area to disperse. The 92nd Motorised Regiment with all subordinated units was ordered to return north and attack the brigades of the 4th Krajina Division on <a href="/wiki/Grme%C4%8D" title="Grmeč">Mount Grmeč</a>, to secure the main supply road from Bihać to Bosanski Petrovac; this action, codenamed "Grmeč", was scheduled to start on the morning of 27 May. The 373rd Division with the newly subordinated 1st Regiment of the Brandenburg Division was ordered to conduct a sweep-and-destroy operation in the area south and southeast of Drvar; this operation was codenamed "Vijenac", and was to take place concurrently with "Operation Grmeč".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOdić1981162–163_96-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOdić1981162–163-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The 9th Dalmatian Division managed to repulse all attacks on 27 May, pushing the Brandenburgers and Chetniks back to Bosansko Grahovo.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOdić1981172–173_97-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOdić1981172–173-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 27 May, the 369th Reconnaissance Battalion column again tried to advance on Glamoč, but with no success.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOdić1981170_94-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOdić1981170-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Unhappy with the development of the operation to this point, Rendulic cancelled Operations "Grmeč" and "Vijenac" on the afternoon of 27 May, and ordered von Leyser to move all units back to their start positions for a concentric attack on the area where Tito and two Partisan corps headquarters (1st Proletarian and 5th) were believed to be located. The attack was scheduled to begin on the morning of 28 May. Rendulic also sent the 105th SS Reconnaissance Battalion to the Livno-Glamoč area which had been left wide open by the defeat of the 369th Reconnaissance Battalion thrust.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOdić1981176–177_98-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOdić1981176–177-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Tito, his staff and his escort continued toward <a href="/wiki/Kupres" title="Kupres">Kupres</a>, travelling on foot and horseback, as well as on the wagons of a narrow-gauge logging railway. During this trek, one of the members of the Soviet mission was wounded by shellfire.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcConville199766_28-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcConville199766-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Aftermath">Aftermath</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Operation_R%C3%B6sselsprung_(1944)&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Aftermath"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mar%C5%A1alska_uniforma.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Mar%C5%A1alska_uniforma.JPG/220px-Mar%C5%A1alska_uniforma.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="419" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Mar%C5%A1alska_uniforma.JPG/330px-Mar%C5%A1alska_uniforma.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Mar%C5%A1alska_uniforma.JPG/440px-Mar%C5%A1alska_uniforma.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1829" data-file-height="3486" /></a><figcaption>While unable to capture Tito, the Germans did find his marshal's uniform in Drvar, and later placed it on display in <a href="/wiki/Vienna" title="Vienna">Vienna</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Throughout their escape, the British mission were able to maintain contact with their headquarters by radio and continued to call in support from the Balkan Air Force against the German formations taking part in Operation Rösselsprung and the Luftwaffe aircraft in the skies over Yugoslavia. This included over one thousand <a href="/wiki/Sortie" title="Sortie">sorties</a>. A costly ground attack was also launched by a combined Partisan, British and United States force on the German-held <a href="/wiki/Dalmatia" title="Dalmatia">Dalmatian</a> island of <a href="/wiki/Bra%C4%8D" title="Brač">Brač</a>. Code-named "Operation Flounced",<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPribilović1988277_64-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPribilović1988277-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the assault was mounted from the British-held island of <a href="/wiki/Vis_(island)" title="Vis (island)">Vis</a> further out in the <a href="/wiki/Adriatic_Sea" title="Adriatic Sea">Adriatic Sea</a> on the night of 1/2 June. Fighting continued late into 3 June 1944 and resulted in the reinforcement of the island by a further 1,900 German troops.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcConville199766–67_99-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcConville199766–67-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After three days of fighting, the combined forces returned to Vis. The Partisans suffered losses of 67 dead, 308 wounded and 14 missing, and Allied units suffered 60 dead, 74 wounded and 20 missing,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPribilović1988291_100-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPribilović1988291-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with the commanding officer, Lieutenant Colonel <a href="/wiki/Jack_Churchill" title="Jack Churchill">Jack Churchill</a>, being captured by the Germans.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERendulic1952224_101-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERendulic1952224-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After six days evading the Germans, the leader of the Soviet mission, <a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_General" class="mw-redirect" title="Lieutenant General">Lieutenant General</a> Nikolai Vasilevich Korneev, who had lost a leg in the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Stalingrad" title="Battle of Stalingrad">Battle of Stalingrad</a>, suggested an air evacuation of Tito and the Soviet mission and this was expanded by Street to include the whole party. After three days deliberation, Tito agreed on 3 June and Street arranged the evacuation the same night from an RAF-operated airfield near the town of <a href="/wiki/Kupres,_Federation_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" class="mw-redirect" title="Kupres, Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina">Kupres</a>. Seven <a href="/wiki/Douglas_C-47_Skytrain" title="Douglas C-47 Skytrain">Douglas C-47 Skytrain</a> aircraft, one with a Soviet crew and the remainder with US crews, carried Tito and his party, the Allied missions and 118 wounded Partisans to <a href="/wiki/Bari" title="Bari">Bari</a> in Italy.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMilazzo1975170_102-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMilazzo1975170-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcConville199767–68_103-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcConville199767–68-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Late on 6 June, Tito was delivered by the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Navy" title="Royal Navy">Royal Navy</a> escort destroyer <a href="/wiki/HMS_Blackmore_(L43)" title="HMS Blackmore (L43)">HMS <i>Blackmore</i></a> to Vis, where he re-established his headquarters and was joined by the Allied missions.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEyre2006355_38-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEyre2006355-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcConville199767_104-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcConville199767-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Soviet Foreign Minister, <a href="/wiki/Vyacheslav_Molotov" title="Vyacheslav Molotov">Vyacheslav Molotov</a>, believed that the British had known more about the attack than they claimed, based on the absence of both Maclean and Churchill from Drvar at the time of the attack. On 28 May, he sent a message to Korneev detailing his suspicions.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVolkov199757_105-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVolkov199757-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Although Tito's headquarters, along with several other Partisan organisations, was temporarily disrupted and key staff were lost during the operation, all Partisan organisations were quickly relocated and resumed operations. Drvar reverted to Partisan control within a few weeks of the operation.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEyre2006357_106-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEyre2006357-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The operation was a failure,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMilazzo1975170_102-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMilazzo1975170-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as Tito, his principal headquarters staff and the Allied military personnel escaped, despite their presence in Drvar at the time of the airborne assault. The operation failed due to several factors, including Partisan resistance in the town itself and along the approaches to Drvar. The failure of the German <a href="/wiki/Military_intelligence" title="Military intelligence">intelligence agencies</a> to share the limited information available on Tito's exact location also contributed to the unsuccessful outcome for the Germans, and this failure to share intelligence was compounded by a lack of <a href="/wiki/Contingency_plan" title="Contingency plan">contingency planning</a> by the commander of the German airborne force.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEyre2006366–368_107-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEyre2006366–368-107"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The 500th SS Parachute Battalion was decimated during Operation Rösselsprung, suffering 576 killed and 48 wounded.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMelson2000116_108-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMelson2000116-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Only 200 soldiers of the battalion were fit to fight on the morning of 26 May. It continued throughout the rest of the war as the only SS parachute unit, although its name was later changed to the <a href="/wiki/500th_SS_Parachute_Battalion#600th_SS-Parachute_Battalion" title="500th SS Parachute Battalion">600th SS Parachute Battalion</a>. Operation Rösselsprung was its only combat parachute operation.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEyre2006357_106-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEyre2006357-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to a German report, the ground troops of XV Mountain Corps suffered 213 killed, 881 wounded, and 51 missing during Operation Rösselsprung.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESchmider2002385_109-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESchmider2002385-109"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The same report claimed that 6,000 Partisans were killed.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESchmider2002385_109-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESchmider2002385-109"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The commander of the 7th SS Division, <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Brigadef%C3%BChrer" title="Brigadeführer">SS-Brigadeführer und Generalmajor der Waffen-SS</a></i></span><sup id="cite_ref-110" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-110"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>i<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Otto_Kumm" title="Otto Kumm">Otto Kumm</a> claimed that Partisan losses included 1,916 confirmed and another 1,400 estimated killed, and 161 taken prisoner. Kumm also claimed that six Allied aircraft were shot down during the operation.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKumm1995126–127_111-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKumm1995126–127-111"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to a Partisan source, their total losses were 399 killed, 479 wounded, and at least 85 missing. Of this total, the casualties suffered in fighting with the 500th SS Parachute Battalion at Drvar numbered 179 killed, 63 wounded, and 19 missing.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOdić1981275–278_112-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOdić1981275–278-112"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ultimately, according to intelligence historian Ralph Bennett, "[t]he long-term significance of the Drvar raid was simply that it failed."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBennett1987205_113-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBennett1987205-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Although Tito was born on 7 May, after he became president of the <a href="/wiki/Socialist_Federal_Republic_of_Yugoslavia" title="Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia">Federal People's Republic of Yugoslavia</a>, he celebrated his birthday on 25 May to mark the unsuccessful attempt on his life.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVinterhalter197243_25-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVinterhalter197243-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_film">In film</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Operation_R%C3%B6sselsprung_(1944)&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: In film"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Operation Rösselsprung was depicted in the 1963 <a href="/wiki/Partisan_film" title="Partisan film">Partisan film</a> <span title="Serbo-Croatian-language text"><i lang="sh">Desant na Drvar</i></span> directed by <a href="/wiki/Fadil_Had%C5%BEi%C4%87" title="Fadil Hadžić">Fadil Hadžić</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECornis–PopeNeubauer2010469_114-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECornis–PopeNeubauer2010469-114"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Operation_R%C3%B6sselsprung_(1944)&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-lower-alpha" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Equivalent to a United States <a href="/wiki/General_of_the_Army_(United_States)" title="General of the Army (United States)">general of the army</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStein1984295_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStein1984295-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Equivalent to a United States Army <a href="/wiki/Second_lieutenant" title="Second lieutenant">second lieutenant</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStein1984295_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStein1984295-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Equivalent to a United States Army <a href="/wiki/Major_(rank)" title="Major (rank)">major</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStein1984295_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStein1984295-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Equivalent to a United States Army <a href="/wiki/Captain_(United_States)" title="Captain (United States)">captain</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStein1984295_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStein1984295-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Equivalent to a United States Army <a href="/wiki/General_(United_States)" title="General (United States)">general</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStein1984295_4-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStein1984295-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Equivalent to a United States Army <a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_general_(United_States)" title="Lieutenant general (United States)">lieutenant general</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStein1984295_4-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStein1984295-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Equivalent to a United States Army <a href="/wiki/Colonel_(United_States)" title="Colonel (United States)">colonel</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStein1984295_4-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStein1984295-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Equivalent to a United States Army <a href="/wiki/Major_general_(United_States)" title="Major general (United States)">major general</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStein1984295_4-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStein1984295-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-110"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-110">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Equivalent to a United States Army <a href="/wiki/Brigadier_general_(United_States)" title="Brigadier general (United States)">brigadier general</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStein1984295_4-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStein1984295-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Footnotes">Footnotes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Operation_R%C3%B6sselsprung_(1944)&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Footnotes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 20em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPavlowitch200716–19-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPavlowitch200716–19_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPavlowitch2007">Pavlowitch 2007</a>, pp. 16–19.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoare200620–24-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHoare200620–24_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHoare2006">Hoare 2006</a>, pp. 20–24.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERamet2006113–114,_145–151-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERamet2006113–114,_145–151_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRamet2006">Ramet 2006</a>, pp. 113–114, 145–151.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEStein1984295-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStein1984295_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStein1984295_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStein1984295_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStein1984295_4-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStein1984295_4-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStein1984295_4-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStein1984295_4-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStein1984295_4-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStein1984295_4-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFStein1984">Stein 1984</a>, p. 295.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBennett1987196-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBennett1987196_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBennett1987">Bennett 1987</a>, p. 196.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERoberts1987227–228-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERoberts1987227–228_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRoberts1987">Roberts 1987</a>, pp. 227–228.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEyre2006350–351-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEyre2006350–351_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEyre2006">Eyre 2006</a>, pp. 350–351.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcConville199765-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcConville199765_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMcConville1997">McConville 1997</a>, p. 65.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEyre2006350-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEyre2006350_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEyre2006">Eyre 2006</a>, p. 350.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGeografski_institut_JNA195227-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGeografski_institut_JNA195227_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGeografski_institut_JNA195227_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGeografski_institut_JNA195227_11-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGeografski_institut_JNA195227_11-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGeografski_institut_JNA1952">Geografski institut JNA 1952</a>, p. 27.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEOdić1981101-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOdić1981101_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFOdić1981">Odić 1981</a>, p. 101.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEyre2006364–365-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEyre2006364–365_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEyre2006">Eyre 2006</a>, pp. 364–365.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEyre2006365-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEyre2006365_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEyre2006">Eyre 2006</a>, p. 365.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEyre2006362–370-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEyre2006362–370_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEyre2006">Eyre 2006</a>, pp. 362–370.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEyre2006362–365-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEyre2006362–365_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEyre2006">Eyre 2006</a>, pp. 362–365.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEyre2006370-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEyre2006370_18-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEyre2006370_18-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEyre2006">Eyre 2006</a>, p. 370.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEyre2006347-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEyre2006347_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEyre2006">Eyre 2006</a>, p. 347.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEyre2006362-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEyre2006362_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEyre2006">Eyre 2006</a>, p. 362.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEyre2006364-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEyre2006364_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEyre2006">Eyre 2006</a>, p. 364.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEyre2006363–364-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEyre2006363–364_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEyre2006">Eyre 2006</a>, pp. 363–364.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEVinterhalter197243-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVinterhalter197243_25-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVinterhalter197243_25-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFVinterhalter1972">Vinterhalter 1972</a>, p. 43.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEyre2006358-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEyre2006358_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEyre2006">Eyre 2006</a>, p. 358.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMelson2000105-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMelson2000105_27-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMelson2000">Melson 2000</a>, p. 105.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcConville199766-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcConville199766_28-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcConville199766_28-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcConville199766_28-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcConville199766_28-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcConville199766_28-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcConville199766_28-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMcConville1997">McConville 1997</a>, p. 66.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEyre2006358–359-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEyre2006358–359_29-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEyre2006">Eyre 2006</a>, pp. 358–359.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEyre2006359-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEyre2006359_30-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEyre2006">Eyre 2006</a>, p. 359.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBennett1987199-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBennett1987199_31-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBennett1987">Bennett 1987</a>, p. 199.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEyre2006347–348-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEyre2006347–348_34-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEyre2006">Eyre 2006</a>, pp. 347–348.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEyre2006373–376-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEyre2006373–376_35-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEyre2006">Eyre 2006</a>, pp. 373–376.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBennett1987197-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBennett1987197_36-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBennett1987">Bennett 1987</a>, p. 197.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEyre2006348-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEyre2006348_37-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEyre2006">Eyre 2006</a>, p. 348.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEyre2006355-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEyre2006355_38-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEyre2006355_38-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEyre2006355_38-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEyre2006355_38-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEyre2006355_38-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEyre2006355_38-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEyre2006">Eyre 2006</a>, p. 355.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEyre2006351-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEyre2006351_39-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEyre2006351_39-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEyre2006351_39-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEyre2006">Eyre 2006</a>, p. 351.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEyre2006349-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEyre2006349_40-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEyre2006349_40-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEyre2006349_40-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEyre2006">Eyre 2006</a>, p. 349.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEyre2006366-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEyre2006366_41-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEyre2006">Eyre 2006</a>, p. 366.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEyre2006">Eyre 2006</a>, pp. 373–376: all information in the following bullet points is covered by this footnote unless separately footnoted</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESchraml1962193-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESchraml1962193_43-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSchraml1962">Schraml 1962</a>, p. 193.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEOdić1981118–119-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOdić1981118–119_44-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFOdić1981">Odić 1981</a>, pp. 118–119.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEOdić198132-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOdić198132_46-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFOdić1981">Odić 1981</a>, p. 32.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDimitrijevićSavić2011211-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDimitrijevićSavić2011211_47-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDimitrijevićSavić2011211_47-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDimitrijevićSavić2011">Dimitrijević & Savić 2011</a>, p. 211.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGreentree201223-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGreentree201223_48-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGreentree2012">Greentree 2012</a>, p. 23.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPopovićLolićLatas1988340-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPopovićLolićLatas1988340_49-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPopovićLolićLatas1988">Popović, Lolić & Latas 1988</a>, p. 340.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMelson2000108-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMelson2000108_50-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMelson2000">Melson 2000</a>, p. 108.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEyre2006352-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEyre2006352_51-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEyre2006">Eyre 2006</a>, p. 352.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEyre2006352–353-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEyre2006352–353_52-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEyre2006">Eyre 2006</a>, pp. 352–353.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEyre2006353-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEyre2006353_53-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEyre2006353_53-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEyre2006">Eyre 2006</a>, p. 353.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEyre2006353–354-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEyre2006353–354_54-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEyre2006">Eyre 2006</a>, pp. 353–354.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEyre2006354-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEyre2006354_55-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEyre2006354_55-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEyre2006">Eyre 2006</a>, p. 354.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKrstić1991219-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKrstić1991219_56-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKrstić1991">Krstić 1991</a>, p. 219.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEyre2006354–355-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEyre2006354–355_57-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEyre2006">Eyre 2006</a>, pp. 354–355.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESchmider2002587-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESchmider2002587_58-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSchmider2002">Schmider 2002</a>, p. 587.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEOdić198126–30-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOdić198126–30_59-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFOdić1981">Odić 1981</a>, pp. 26–30.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEOdić198142-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOdić198142_60-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFOdić1981">Odić 1981</a>, p. 42.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEOdić1981125–127-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOdić1981125–127_61-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFOdić1981">Odić 1981</a>, pp. 125–127.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEOdić1981272-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOdić1981272_62-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFOdić1981">Odić 1981</a>, p. 272.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKumm1995121-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKumm1995121_63-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKumm1995">Kumm 1995</a>, p. 121.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPribilović1988277-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPribilović1988277_64-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPribilović1988277_64-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPribilović1988">Pribilović 1988</a>, p. 277.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERoberts1987229-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERoberts1987229_65-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRoberts1987">Roberts 1987</a>, p. 229.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESchraml1962155-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESchraml1962155_67-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSchraml1962">Schraml 1962</a>, p. 155.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEOdić1981118–124-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOdić1981118–124_68-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFOdić1981">Odić 1981</a>, pp. 118–124.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEOrlović1990374–383-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOrlović1990374–383_69-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFOrlović1990">Orlović 1990</a>, pp. 374–383.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEOdić1981124-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOdić1981124_70-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFOdić1981">Odić 1981</a>, p. 124.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDamjanovićPopović1985195–198-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDamjanovićPopović1985195–198_71-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDamjanovićPopović1985">Damjanović & Popović 1985</a>, pp. 195–198.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEČaušević1981250–256-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEČaušević1981250–256_72-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEČaušević1981250–256_72-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFČaušević1981">Čaušević 1981</a>, pp. 250–256.</span> </li> <li 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href="#CITEREFRadošević1984">Radošević 1984</a>, pp. 228–229.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEOdić1981130–131-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOdić1981130–131_77-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFOdić1981">Odić 1981</a>, pp. 130–131.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEVuksanović1981330–331-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVuksanović1981330–331_78-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFVuksanović1981">Vuksanović 1981</a>, pp. 330–331.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEOdić1981132–133-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOdić1981132–133_79-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFOdić1981">Odić 1981</a>, pp. 132–133.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEOdić1981275-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOdić1981275_80-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFOdić1981">Odić 1981</a>, p. 275.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETrikić1987241–244-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETrikić1987241–244_81-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTrikić1987">Trikić 1987</a>, pp. 241–244.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEOdić1981133–135-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOdić1981133–135_82-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFOdić1981">Odić 1981</a>, pp. 133–135.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEOdić1981135–136-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOdić1981135–136_83-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFOdić1981">Odić 1981</a>, pp. 135–136.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFerenca197576–79-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFerenca197576–79_84-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFerenca1975">Ferenca 1975</a>, pp. 76–79.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEOdić1981136–137-85"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOdić1981136–137_85-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFOdić1981">Odić 1981</a>, pp. 136–137.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEOdić1981139-86"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOdić1981139_86-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFOdić1981">Odić 1981</a>, p. 139.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEOdić1981175–176-87"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOdić1981175–176_87-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFOdić1981">Odić 1981</a>, pp. 175–176.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEOdić1981146-88"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOdić1981146_88-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFOdić1981">Odić 1981</a>, p. 146.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEOdić1981145-89"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOdić1981145_89-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFOdić1981">Odić 1981</a>, p. 145.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEyre2006355–356-90"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEyre2006355–356_90-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEyre2006">Eyre 2006</a>, pp. 355–356.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEOdić1981148-91"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOdić1981148_91-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFOdić1981">Odić 1981</a>, p. 148.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEOdić1981149–158-92"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOdić1981149–158_92-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFOdić1981">Odić 1981</a>, pp. 149–158.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEOdić1981164–170-93"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOdić1981164–170_93-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFOdić1981">Odić 1981</a>, pp. 164–170.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEOdić1981170-94"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOdić1981170_94-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOdić1981170_94-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFOdić1981">Odić 1981</a>, p. 170.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEOdić1981174-95"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOdić1981174_95-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFOdić1981">Odić 1981</a>, p. 174.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEOdić1981162–163-96"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOdić1981162–163_96-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFOdić1981">Odić 1981</a>, pp. 162–163.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEOdić1981172–173-97"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOdić1981172–173_97-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFOdić1981">Odić 1981</a>, pp. 172–173.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEOdić1981176–177-98"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOdić1981176–177_98-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFOdić1981">Odić 1981</a>, pp. 176–177.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcConville199766–67-99"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcConville199766–67_99-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMcConville1997">McConville 1997</a>, pp. 66–67.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPribilović1988291-100"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPribilović1988291_100-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPribilović1988">Pribilović 1988</a>, p. 291.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERendulic1952224-101"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERendulic1952224_101-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRendulic1952">Rendulic 1952</a>, p. 224.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMilazzo1975170-102"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMilazzo1975170_102-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMilazzo1975170_102-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMilazzo1975">Milazzo 1975</a>, p. 170.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcConville199767–68-103"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcConville199767–68_103-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMcConville1997">McConville 1997</a>, pp. 67–68.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcConville199767-104"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcConville199767_104-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMcConville1997">McConville 1997</a>, p. 67.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEVolkov199757-105"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVolkov199757_105-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFVolkov1997">Volkov 1997</a>, p. 57.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEyre2006357-106"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEyre2006357_106-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEyre2006357_106-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEyre2006">Eyre 2006</a>, p. 357.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEyre2006366–368-107"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEyre2006366–368_107-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEyre2006">Eyre 2006</a>, pp. 366–368.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMelson2000116-108"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMelson2000116_108-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMelson2000">Melson 2000</a>, p. 116.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESchmider2002385-109"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESchmider2002385_109-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESchmider2002385_109-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSchmider2002">Schmider 2002</a>, p. 385.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKumm1995126–127-111"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKumm1995126–127_111-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKumm1995">Kumm 1995</a>, pp. 126–127.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEOdić1981275–278-112"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOdić1981275–278_112-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFOdić1981">Odić 1981</a>, pp. 275–278.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBennett1987205-113"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBennett1987205_113-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBennett1987">Bennett 1987</a>, p. 205.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECornis–PopeNeubauer2010469-114"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECornis–PopeNeubauer2010469_114-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCornis–PopeNeubauer2010">Cornis–Pope & Neubauer 2010</a>, p. 469.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Operation_R%C3%B6sselsprung_(1944)&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Books">Books</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Operation_R%C3%B6sselsprung_(1944)&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Books"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFCornis–PopeNeubauer2010" class="citation book cs1">Cornis–Pope, Marcel; Neubauer, John (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=YINYl4iv4ecC"><i>History of the Literary Cultures of East–Central Europe: Junctures and Disjunctures in the 19th and 20th Centuries: Types and Stereotypes</i></a>. Vol. 4. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: <a href="/wiki/John_Benjamins_Publishing_Company" title="John Benjamins Publishing Company">John Benjamins Publishing Company</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-272-3458-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-272-3458-2"><bdi>978-90-272-3458-2</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210416150700/https://books.google.com/books?id=YINYl4iv4ecC">Archived</a> from the original on 16 April 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=History+of+the+Literary+Cultures+of+East%E2%80%93Central+Europe%3A+Junctures+and+Disjunctures+in+the+19th+and+20th+Centuries%3A+Types+and+Stereotypes&rft.place=Philadelphia%2C+Pennsylvania&rft.pub=John+Benjamins+Publishing+Company&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-90-272-3458-2&rft.aulast=Cornis%E2%80%93Pope&rft.aufirst=Marcel&rft.au=Neubauer%2C+John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DYINYl4iv4ecC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOperation+R%C3%B6sselsprung+%281944%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFČaušević1981" class="citation book cs1">Čaušević, Izudin (1981). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://znaci.org/00001/146.htm"><i>Osma krajiška NOU brigada</i></a> [<i>8th Krajina NOU Brigade</i>]. <a href="/wiki/Belgrade" title="Belgrade">Belgrade</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yugoslavia" title="Yugoslavia">Yugoslavia</a>: Vojnoizdavački zavod. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/442235572">442235572</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200726021922/http://znaci.net/00001/146.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 26 July 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Osma+kraji%C5%A1ka+NOU+brigada&rft.place=Belgrade%2C+Yugoslavia&rft.pub=Vojnoizdava%C4%8Dki+zavod&rft.date=1981&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F442235572&rft.aulast=%C4%8Cau%C5%A1evi%C4%87&rft.aufirst=Izudin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fznaci.org%2F00001%2F146.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOperation+R%C3%B6sselsprung+%281944%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDamjanovićPopović1985" class="citation book cs1">Damjanović, Branko; Popović, Savo (1985). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://znaci.org/00003/711.htm"><i>Šesta krajiška narodnooslobodilačka udarna brigada</i></a> [<i>6th Krajina People's Liberation Shock Brigade</i>]. <a href="/wiki/Belgrade" title="Belgrade">Belgrade</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yugoslavia" title="Yugoslavia">Yugoslavia</a>: Vojnoizdavački zavod. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/440342453">440342453</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200726101433/http://znaci.net/00003/711.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 26 July 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%C5%A0esta+kraji%C5%A1ka+narodnooslobodila%C4%8Dka+udarna+brigada&rft.place=Belgrade%2C+Yugoslavia&rft.pub=Vojnoizdava%C4%8Dki+zavod&rft.date=1985&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F440342453&rft.aulast=Damjanovi%C4%87&rft.aufirst=Branko&rft.au=Popovi%C4%87%2C+Savo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fznaci.org%2F00003%2F711.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOperation+R%C3%B6sselsprung+%281944%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDimitrijevićSavić2011" class="citation book cs1">Dimitrijević, Bojan; Savić, Dragan (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140725185337/http://znaci.net/00003/651.htm"><i>Oklopne jedinice na jugoslovenskom ratištu 1941–1945</i></a> [<i>Armored Units on Yugoslav Battleground 1941–1945</i>]. <a href="/wiki/Belgrade" title="Belgrade">Belgrade</a>, Serbia: Institut za savremenu istoriju. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-86-74-03154-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-86-74-03154-4"><bdi>978-86-74-03154-4</bdi></a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://znaci.net/00003/651.htm">the original</a> on 25 July 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Oklopne+jedinice+na+jugoslovenskom+rati%C5%A1tu+1941%E2%80%931945&rft.place=Belgrade%2C+Serbia&rft.pub=Institut+za+savremenu+istoriju&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-86-74-03154-4&rft.aulast=Dimitrijevi%C4%87&rft.aufirst=Bojan&rft.au=Savi%C4%87%2C+Dragan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fznaci.net%2F00003%2F651.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOperation+R%C3%B6sselsprung+%281944%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFerenca1975" class="citation book cs1">Ferenca, Ivo (1975). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://znaci.org/00001/128.htm"><i>Partizani južne Dalmacije (Trinaesta južnodalmatinska narodnooslobodilačka udarna brigada)</i></a> [<i>Partisans of Southern Dalmatia (13th South-Dalmatian Peoples' Liberation Shock Brigade)</i>]. <a href="/wiki/Belgrade" title="Belgrade">Belgrade</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yugoslavia" title="Yugoslavia">Yugoslavia</a>: Narodna armija. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/747335872">747335872</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Partizani+ju%C5%BEne+Dalmacije+%28Trinaesta+ju%C5%BEnodalmatinska+narodnooslobodila%C4%8Dka+udarna+brigada%29&rft.place=Belgrade%2C+Yugoslavia&rft.pub=Narodna+armija&rft.date=1975&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F747335872&rft.aulast=Ferenca&rft.aufirst=Ivo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fznaci.org%2F00001%2F128.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOperation+R%C3%B6sselsprung+%281944%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGeografski_institut_JNA1952" class="citation book cs1">Geografski institut JNA (1952). "Neprijateljski Napad na Drvar (25 Maja 1944 godine)" [Enemy Attack (Drvar of 25 May 1944)]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://znaci.org/00003/385_27.htm"><i>Istorijski atlas oslobodilačkog rata naroda Jugoslavije</i></a> [<i>Historical Atlas of the Yugoslav Peoples Liberation War</i>]. <a href="/wiki/Belgrade" title="Belgrade">Belgrade</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yugoslavia" title="Yugoslavia">Yugoslavia</a>: Vojnoistorijski institut JNA [Military History Institute of the JNA]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140223213259/http://www.znaci.net/00003/385_27.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 23 February 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Neprijateljski+Napad+na+Drvar+%2825+Maja+1944+godine%29&rft.btitle=Istorijski+atlas+oslobodila%C4%8Dkog+rata+naroda+Jugoslavije&rft.place=Belgrade%2C+Yugoslavia&rft.pub=Vojnoistorijski+institut+JNA+%5BMilitary+History+Institute+of+the+JNA%5D&rft.date=1952&rft.au=Geografski+institut+JNA&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fznaci.org%2F00003%2F385_27.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOperation+R%C3%B6sselsprung+%281944%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGreentree2012" class="citation book cs1">Greentree, David (2012). <i>Knight's Move: The Hunt for Marshal Tito – 1944</i>. Oxford, United Kingdom: <a href="/wiki/Osprey_Publishing" title="Osprey Publishing">Osprey Publishing</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-78096-461-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-78096-461-4"><bdi>978-1-78096-461-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Knight%27s+Move%3A+The+Hunt+for+Marshal+Tito+%E2%80%93+1944&rft.place=Oxford%2C+United+Kingdom&rft.pub=Osprey+Publishing&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-1-78096-461-4&rft.aulast=Greentree&rft.aufirst=David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOperation+R%C3%B6sselsprung+%281944%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHoare2006" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Marko_Attila_Hoare" title="Marko Attila Hoare">Hoare, Marko Attila</a> (2006). <i>Genocide and Resistance in Hitler's Bosnia: The Partisans and the Chetniks 1941–1943</i>. New York, New York: <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-726380-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-726380-8"><bdi>978-0-19-726380-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Genocide+and+Resistance+in+Hitler%27s+Bosnia%3A+The+Partisans+and+the+Chetniks+1941%E2%80%931943&rft.place=New+York%2C+New+York&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-19-726380-8&rft.aulast=Hoare&rft.aufirst=Marko+Attila&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOperation+R%C3%B6sselsprung+%281944%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKrstić1991" class="citation book cs1">Krstić, Sava (1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://znaci.org/00001/227.htm"><i>Treća Lička Proleterska Brigada : sećanja boraca</i></a> [<i>3rd Lika Proletarian Brigade: Combatants' Memories</i>]. <a href="/wiki/Belgrade" title="Belgrade">Belgrade</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yugoslavia" title="Yugoslavia">Yugoslavia</a>: Sekcija Boraca 3. Ličke Brigade. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/165642391">165642391</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140728233034/http://znaci.net/00001/227.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 28 July 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Tre%C4%87a+Li%C4%8Dka+Proleterska+Brigada+%3A+se%C4%87anja+boraca&rft.place=Belgrade%2C+Yugoslavia&rft.pub=Sekcija+Boraca+3.+Li%C4%8Dke+Brigade&rft.date=1991&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F165642391&rft.aulast=Krsti%C4%87&rft.aufirst=Sava&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fznaci.org%2F00001%2F227.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOperation+R%C3%B6sselsprung+%281944%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKumm1995" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Otto_Kumm" title="Otto Kumm">Kumm, Otto</a> (1995). <i>Prinz Eugen: The History of the 7. SS-Mountain Division "Prinz Eugen"</i>. <a href="/wiki/Winnipeg,_Manitoba" class="mw-redirect" title="Winnipeg, Manitoba">Winnipeg, Manitoba</a>: <a href="/wiki/J.J._Fedorowicz_Publishing" title="J.J. Fedorowicz Publishing">J.J. Fedorowicz Publishing</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-921991-29-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-921991-29-8"><bdi>978-0-921991-29-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Prinz+Eugen%3A+The+History+of+the+7.+SS-Mountain+Division+%22Prinz+Eugen%22&rft.place=Winnipeg%2C+Manitoba&rft.pub=J.J.+Fedorowicz+Publishing&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=978-0-921991-29-8&rft.aulast=Kumm&rft.aufirst=Otto&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOperation+R%C3%B6sselsprung+%281944%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMilazzo1975" class="citation book cs1">Milazzo, Matteo J. (1975). <i>The Chetnik Movement & the Yugoslav Resistance</i>. <a href="/wiki/Baltimore" title="Baltimore">Baltimore</a>, Maryland: <a href="/wiki/Johns_Hopkins_University_Press" title="Johns Hopkins University Press">Johns Hopkins University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8018-1589-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8018-1589-8"><bdi>978-0-8018-1589-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Chetnik+Movement+%26+the+Yugoslav+Resistance&rft.place=Baltimore%2C+Maryland&rft.pub=Johns+Hopkins+University+Press&rft.date=1975&rft.isbn=978-0-8018-1589-8&rft.aulast=Milazzo&rft.aufirst=Matteo+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOperation+R%C3%B6sselsprung+%281944%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOdić1981" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Odić, Slavko (1981). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://znaci.org/00003/449.htm"><i>Desant na Drvar</i></a> [<i>Landing at Drvar</i>] (in Serbo-Croatian). <a href="/wiki/Belgrade" title="Belgrade">Belgrade</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yugoslavia" title="Yugoslavia">Yugoslavia</a>: Vojnoistorijski institut. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/8169786">8169786</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140219101221/http://znaci.net/00003/449.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 19 February 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Desant+na+Drvar&rft.place=Belgrade%2C+Yugoslavia&rft.pub=Vojnoistorijski+institut&rft.date=1981&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F8169786&rft.aulast=Odi%C4%87&rft.aufirst=Slavko&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fznaci.org%2F00003%2F449.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOperation+R%C3%B6sselsprung+%281944%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOrlović1990" class="citation book cs1">Orlović, Ðorde (1990). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://znaci.org/00001/77.htm"><i>Šesta lička proleterska divizija "Nikola Tesla"</i></a> [<i>6th Lika Proletarian Division "Nikola Tesla"</i>]. <a href="/wiki/Belgrade" title="Belgrade">Belgrade</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yugoslavia" title="Yugoslavia">Yugoslavia</a>: Vojnoizdavački i Novinski Centar. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/36623868">36623868</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140305084800/http://znaci.net/00001/77.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 5 March 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%C5%A0esta+li%C4%8Dka+proleterska+divizija+%22Nikola+Tesla%22&rft.place=Belgrade%2C+Yugoslavia&rft.pub=Vojnoizdava%C4%8Dki+i+Novinski+Centar&rft.date=1990&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F36623868&rft.aulast=Orlovi%C4%87&rft.aufirst=%C3%90orde&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fznaci.org%2F00001%2F77.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOperation+R%C3%B6sselsprung+%281944%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPavlowitch2007" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Stevan_K._Pavlowitch" title="Stevan K. Pavlowitch">Pavlowitch, Stevan K.</a> (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=R8d2409V9tEC"><i>Hitler's New Disorder: The Second World War in Yugoslavia</i></a>. New York, New York: <a href="/wiki/Columbia_University_Press" title="Columbia University Press">Columbia University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-85065-895-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-85065-895-5"><bdi>978-1-85065-895-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hitler%27s+New+Disorder%3A+The+Second+World+War+in+Yugoslavia&rft.place=New+York%2C+New+York&rft.pub=Columbia+University+Press&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-1-85065-895-5&rft.aulast=Pavlowitch&rft.aufirst=Stevan+K.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DR8d2409V9tEC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOperation+R%C3%B6sselsprung+%281944%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPopovićLolićLatas1988" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Popović, Jovo; Lolić, Marko; Latas, Branko (1988). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://znaci.org/00001/15.htm"><i>Pop izdaje (vojvoda Momčilo Ðujić)</i></a> [<i>Priest of Treason (Vojvoda Momčilo Ðujić)</i>] (in Serbo-Croatian). <a href="/wiki/Zagreb" title="Zagreb">Zagreb</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yugoslavia" title="Yugoslavia">Yugoslavia</a>: Stvarnost. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-86-70-75039-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-86-70-75039-5"><bdi>978-86-70-75039-5</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140914212040/http://znaci.net/00001/15.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 14 September 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Pop+izdaje+%28vojvoda+Mom%C4%8Dilo+%C3%90uji%C4%87%29&rft.place=Zagreb%2C+Yugoslavia&rft.pub=Stvarnost&rft.date=1988&rft.isbn=978-86-70-75039-5&rft.aulast=Popovi%C4%87&rft.aufirst=Jovo&rft.au=Loli%C4%87%2C+Marko&rft.au=Latas%2C+Branko&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fznaci.org%2F00001%2F15.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOperation+R%C3%B6sselsprung+%281944%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPribilović1988" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Pribilović, Kažimir (1988). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://znaci.org/00003/652.htm"><i>Četvrti pomorski obalni sektor mornarice narodnooslobodilačke vojske Jugoslavije : 1943–1945</i></a> [<i>Fourth Naval and Littoral Sector of the Navy of the National Liberation Army of Yugoslavia : 1943–1945</i>] (in Serbo-Croatian). <a href="/wiki/Belgrade" title="Belgrade">Belgrade</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yugoslavia" title="Yugoslavia">Yugoslavia</a>: Vojnoizdavački i novinski centar. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/439783556">439783556</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140715005300/http://znaci.net/00003/652.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 15 July 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%C4%8Cetvrti+pomorski+obalni+sektor+mornarice+narodnooslobodila%C4%8Dke+vojske+Jugoslavije+%3A+1943%E2%80%931945&rft.place=Belgrade%2C+Yugoslavia&rft.pub=Vojnoizdava%C4%8Dki+i+novinski+centar&rft.date=1988&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F439783556&rft.aulast=Pribilovi%C4%87&rft.aufirst=Ka%C5%BEimir&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fznaci.org%2F00003%2F652.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOperation+R%C3%B6sselsprung+%281944%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRadošević1984" class="citation book cs1">Radošević, Todor (1984). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://znaci.org/00001/69.htm"><i>Trinaesta proleterska brigada "Rade Končar"</i></a> [<i>13th Proletarian Brigade "Rade Končar"</i>]. <a href="/wiki/Belgrade" title="Belgrade">Belgrade</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yugoslavia" title="Yugoslavia">Yugoslavia</a>: Vojnoizdavački zavod. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/17722637">17722637</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140305092920/http://znaci.net/00001/69.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 5 March 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Trinaesta+proleterska+brigada+%22Rade+Kon%C4%8Dar%22&rft.place=Belgrade%2C+Yugoslavia&rft.pub=Vojnoizdava%C4%8Dki+zavod&rft.date=1984&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F17722637&rft.aulast=Rado%C5%A1evi%C4%87&rft.aufirst=Todor&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fznaci.org%2F00001%2F69.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOperation+R%C3%B6sselsprung+%281944%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRamet2006" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Sabrina_P._Ramet" title="Sabrina P. Ramet">Ramet, Sabrina P.</a> (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=FTw3lEqi2-oC"><i>The Three Yugoslavias: State-Building and Legitimation, 1918–2005</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Bloomington,_Indiana" title="Bloomington, Indiana">Bloomington, Indiana</a>: <a href="/wiki/Indiana_University_Press" title="Indiana University Press">Indiana University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-253-34656-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-253-34656-8"><bdi>978-0-253-34656-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Three+Yugoslavias%3A+State-Building+and+Legitimation%2C+1918%E2%80%932005&rft.place=Bloomington%2C+Indiana&rft.pub=Indiana+University+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-253-34656-8&rft.aulast=Ramet&rft.aufirst=Sabrina+P.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DFTw3lEqi2-oC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOperation+R%C3%B6sselsprung+%281944%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRendulic1952" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/Lothar_Rendulic" title="Lothar Rendulic">Rendulic, Lothar</a> (1952). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://znaci.org/00001/194.htm"><i>Gekämpft, Gesiegt, Geschlagen</i></a> [<i>Fought, Won, Defeated</i>] (in German). <a href="/wiki/Heidelberg" title="Heidelberg">Heidelberg</a>, Germany: Verlag Weisermühl. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/3788216">3788216</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140305085206/http://znaci.net/00001/194.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 5 March 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Gek%C3%A4mpft%2C+Gesiegt%2C+Geschlagen&rft.place=Heidelberg%2C+Germany&rft.pub=Verlag+Weiserm%C3%BChl&rft.date=1952&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F3788216&rft.aulast=Rendulic&rft.aufirst=Lothar&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fznaci.org%2F00001%2F194.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOperation+R%C3%B6sselsprung+%281944%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRoberts1987" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Walter_Roberts_(writer)" title="Walter Roberts (writer)">Roberts, Walter R.</a> (1987). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=43CbLU8FgFsC"><i>Tito, Mihailović and the Allies: 1941–1945</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/New_Brunswick,_New_Jersey" title="New Brunswick, New Jersey">New Brunswick, New Jersey</a>: <a href="/wiki/Duke_University_Press" title="Duke University Press">Duke University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8223-0773-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8223-0773-0"><bdi>978-0-8223-0773-0</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160303224934/https://books.google.com/books?id=43CbLU8FgFsC&hl=en">Archived</a> from the original on 3 March 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Tito%2C+Mihailovi%C4%87+and+the+Allies%3A+1941%E2%80%931945&rft.place=New+Brunswick%2C+New+Jersey&rft.pub=Duke+University+Press&rft.date=1987&rft.isbn=978-0-8223-0773-0&rft.aulast=Roberts&rft.aufirst=Walter+R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D43CbLU8FgFsC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOperation+R%C3%B6sselsprung+%281944%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchmider2002" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Schmider, Klaus (2002). <i>Partisanenkrieg in Jugoslawien 1941–1944</i> [<i>Partisan War in Yugoslavia 1941–1944</i>] (in German). <a href="/wiki/Hamburg" title="Hamburg">Hamburg</a>, Germany: Mittler. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-8132-0794-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-8132-0794-1"><bdi>978-3-8132-0794-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Partisanenkrieg+in+Jugoslawien+1941%E2%80%931944&rft.place=Hamburg%2C+Germany&rft.pub=Mittler&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-3-8132-0794-1&rft.aulast=Schmider&rft.aufirst=Klaus&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOperation+R%C3%B6sselsprung+%281944%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchraml1962" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Schraml, Franz (1962). <i>Kriegsschauplatz Kroatien die deutsch-kroatischen Legions-Divisionen: 369., 373., 392. Inf.-Div. (kroat.) ihre Ausbildungs- und Ersatzformationen</i> [<i>The Croatian Theatre of War: German-Croatian Legion Divisions: the 369th, 373rd and 392nd (Croatian) Infantry Divisions and their Training and Replacement Units</i>] (in German). <a href="/wiki/Neckargem%C3%BCnd" title="Neckargemünd">Neckargemünd</a>, West Germany: K. Vowinckel. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/4215438">4215438</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Kriegsschauplatz+Kroatien+die+deutsch-kroatischen+Legions-Divisionen%3A+369.%2C+373.%2C+392.+Inf.-Div.+%28kroat.%29+ihre+Ausbildungs-+und+Ersatzformationen&rft.place=Neckargem%C3%BCnd%2C+West+Germany&rft.pub=K.+Vowinckel&rft.date=1962&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F4215438&rft.aulast=Schraml&rft.aufirst=Franz&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOperation+R%C3%B6sselsprung+%281944%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStein1984" class="citation book cs1">Stein, George H. (1984) [1966]. <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/waffensshitlerse00stei"><i>The Waffen SS: Hitler's Elite Guard at War, 1939–45</i></a></span>. <a href="/wiki/Ithaca,_New_York" title="Ithaca, New York">Ithaca, New York</a>: <a href="/wiki/Cornell_University_Press" title="Cornell University Press">Cornell University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8014-9275-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8014-9275-4"><bdi>978-0-8014-9275-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Waffen+SS%3A+Hitler%27s+Elite+Guard+at+War%2C+1939%E2%80%9345&rft.place=Ithaca%2C+New+York&rft.pub=Cornell+University+Press&rft.date=1984&rft.isbn=978-0-8014-9275-4&rft.aulast=Stein&rft.aufirst=George+H.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fwaffensshitlerse00stei&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOperation+R%C3%B6sselsprung+%281944%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTrikić1987" class="citation book cs1">Trikić, Savo (1987). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://znaci.org/00001/224.htm"><i>Treća krajiška proleterska brigada</i></a> [<i>3rd Krajina Proletarian Brigade</i>]. <a href="/wiki/Belgrade" title="Belgrade">Belgrade</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yugoslavia" title="Yugoslavia">Yugoslavia</a>: Vojnoizdavački i novinski centar. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/28007913">28007913</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150315142143/http://znaci.net/00001/224.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 15 March 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Tre%C4%87a+kraji%C5%A1ka+proleterska+brigada&rft.place=Belgrade%2C+Yugoslavia&rft.pub=Vojnoizdava%C4%8Dki+i+novinski+centar&rft.date=1987&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F28007913&rft.aulast=Triki%C4%87&rft.aufirst=Savo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fznaci.org%2F00001%2F224.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOperation+R%C3%B6sselsprung+%281944%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVinterhalter1972" class="citation book cs1">Vinterhalter, Vilko (1972). <i>In the Path of Tito..</i>. <a href="/wiki/Tunbridge_Wells" class="mw-redirect" title="Tunbridge Wells">Tunbridge Wells</a>, England: Abacus Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-85626-011-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-85626-011-7"><bdi>978-0-85626-011-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=In+the+Path+of+Tito...&rft.place=Tunbridge+Wells%2C+England&rft.pub=Abacus+Press&rft.date=1972&rft.isbn=978-0-85626-011-7&rft.aulast=Vinterhalter&rft.aufirst=Vilko&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOperation+R%C3%B6sselsprung+%281944%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVolkov1997" class="citation book cs1">Volkov, Vladimir (1997). "The Soviet Leadership and Southeastern Europe". In <a href="/wiki/Norman_Naimark" title="Norman Naimark">Naimark, Norman M.</a>; Gibianskiĭ, Leonid (eds.). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/establishmentofc0000unse"><i>The Establishment of Communist Regimes in Eastern Europe, 1944–1949</i></a></span>. <a href="/wiki/Boulder,_Colorado" title="Boulder, Colorado">Boulder, Colorado</a>: <a href="/wiki/Taylor_%26_Francis" title="Taylor & Francis">Westview Press</a>. pp. 55–72. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8133-3534-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8133-3534-6"><bdi>978-0-8133-3534-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Soviet+Leadership+and+Southeastern+Europe&rft.btitle=The+Establishment+of+Communist+Regimes+in+Eastern+Europe%2C+1944%E2%80%931949&rft.place=Boulder%2C+Colorado&rft.pages=55-72&rft.pub=Westview+Press&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=978-0-8133-3534-6&rft.aulast=Volkov&rft.aufirst=Vladimir&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Festablishmentofc0000unse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOperation+R%C3%B6sselsprung+%281944%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVuksanović1981" class="citation book cs1">Vuksanović, Miloš (1981). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://znaci.org/00003/382.htm"><i>Prva proleterska brigada</i></a> [<i>1st Proletarian Brigade</i>]. <a href="/wiki/Belgrade" title="Belgrade">Belgrade</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yugoslavia" title="Yugoslavia">Yugoslavia</a>: Narodna knjiga. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/442929562">442929562</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150314233724/http://znaci.net/00003/382.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 14 March 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Prva+proleterska+brigada&rft.place=Belgrade%2C+Yugoslavia&rft.pub=Narodna+knjiga&rft.date=1981&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F442929562&rft.aulast=Vuksanovi%C4%87&rft.aufirst=Milo%C5%A1&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fznaci.org%2F00003%2F382.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOperation+R%C3%B6sselsprung+%281944%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZorić1968" class="citation book cs1">Zorić, Milan N. (1968). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://znaci.org/00001/263.htm"><i>Trinaesta krajiška brigada</i></a> [<i>13th Krajina Brigade</i>]. <a href="/wiki/Belgrade" title="Belgrade">Belgrade</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yugoslavia" title="Yugoslavia">Yugoslavia</a>: Vojnoizdavački zavod. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/16764241">16764241</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201002142922/http://www.znaci.net/00001/263.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 2 October 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Trinaesta+kraji%C5%A1ka+brigada&rft.place=Belgrade%2C+Yugoslavia&rft.pub=Vojnoizdava%C4%8Dki+zavod&rft.date=1968&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F16764241&rft.aulast=Zori%C4%87&rft.aufirst=Milan+N.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fznaci.org%2F00001%2F263.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOperation+R%C3%B6sselsprung+%281944%29" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Journals">Journals</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Operation_R%C3%B6sselsprung_(1944)&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Journals"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Raid_on_Drvar" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Raid on Drvar">Raid on Drvar</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBennett1987" class="citation journal cs1">Bennett, Ralph (April 1987). "Knight's Move at Drvar: Ultra and the Attempt on Tito's Life, 25 May 1944". <i><a href="/wiki/Journal_of_Contemporary_History" title="Journal of Contemporary History">Journal of Contemporary History</a></i>. <b>22</b> (2). <a href="/wiki/SAGE_Publications" class="mw-redirect" title="SAGE Publications">SAGE Publications</a>: 195–208. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1177%2F002200948702200201">10.1177/002200948702200201</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:159971584">159971584</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Contemporary+History&rft.atitle=Knight%27s+Move+at+Drvar%3A+Ultra+and+the+Attempt+on+Tito%27s+Life%2C+25+May+1944&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=195-208&rft.date=1987-04&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1177%2F002200948702200201&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A159971584%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Bennett&rft.aufirst=Ralph&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOperation+R%C3%B6sselsprung+%281944%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEyre2006" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Wayne_Eyre" title="Wayne Eyre">Eyre, Wayne</a> (2006). "Operation Rösselsprung and the Elimination of Tito, May 25, 1944: A Failure in Planning and Intelligence Support". <i><a href="/wiki/The_Journal_of_Slavic_Military_Studies" title="The Journal of Slavic Military Studies">The Journal of Slavic Military Studies</a></i>. <b>19</b> (2). <a href="/wiki/Routledge" title="Routledge">Routledge</a>: 343–376. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F13518040600697969">10.1080/13518040600697969</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:144383512">144383512</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+Slavic+Military+Studies&rft.atitle=Operation+R%C3%B6sselsprung+and+the+Elimination+of+Tito%2C+May+25%2C+1944%3A+A+Failure+in+Planning+and+Intelligence+Support&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=343-376&rft.date=2006&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F13518040600697969&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A144383512%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Eyre&rft.aufirst=Wayne&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOperation+R%C3%B6sselsprung+%281944%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcConville1997" class="citation journal cs1">McConville, Michael (1997). "Knight's move in Bosnia and the British rescue of Tito: 1944". <i><a href="/wiki/The_Royal_United_Services_Institute_Journal" class="mw-redirect" title="The Royal United Services Institute Journal">The Royal United Services Institute Journal</a></i>. <b>142</b> (6). The <a href="/wiki/Royal_United_Services_Institute" title="Royal United Services Institute">Royal United Services Institute</a>: 61–69. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F03071849708446212">10.1080/03071849708446212</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Royal+United+Services+Institute+Journal&rft.atitle=Knight%27s+move+in+Bosnia+and+the+British+rescue+of+Tito%3A+1944&rft.volume=142&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=61-69&rft.date=1997&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F03071849708446212&rft.aulast=McConville&rft.aufirst=Michael&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOperation+R%C3%B6sselsprung+%281944%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMelson2000" class="citation journal cs1">Melson, Charles D. (2000). "Red Sun: A German airborne Raid, May 1944". <i><a href="/wiki/The_Journal_of_Slavic_Military_Studies" title="The Journal of Slavic Military Studies">The Journal of Slavic Military Studies</a></i>. <b>13</b> (4). <a href="/wiki/Routledge" title="Routledge">Routledge</a>: 101–126. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F13518040008430462">10.1080/13518040008430462</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:143885632">143885632</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+Slavic+Military+Studies&rft.atitle=Red+Sun%3A+A+German+airborne+Raid%2C+May+1944&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=101-126&rft.date=2000&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F13518040008430462&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A143885632%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Melson&rft.aufirst=Charles+D.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOperation+R%C3%B6sselsprung+%281944%29" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Seven_Enemy_Offensives" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="4"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Seven_Enemy_Offensives" title="Template:Seven Enemy Offensives"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Seven_Enemy_Offensives" title="Template talk:Seven Enemy Offensives"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Seven_Enemy_Offensives" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Seven Enemy Offensives"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Seven_Enemy_Offensives" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Seven_Enemy_Offensives" title="Seven Enemy Offensives">Seven Enemy Offensives</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 2px 0 0"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Germany_(1935%E2%80%931945).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg/60px-Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="36" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg/90px-Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg/120px-Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div></td><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Uzice" title="Operation Uzice">First Enemy Offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Southeast_Croatia" title="Operation Southeast Croatia">Second Enemy Offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Enemy_Offensive" title="Third Enemy Offensive">Third Enemy Offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Case_White" title="Case White">Fourth Enemy Offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Case_Black" title="Case Black">Fifth Enemy Offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Kugelblitz" title="Operation Kugelblitz">Sixth Enemy Offensive</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Seventh Enemy Offensive</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Yugoslavia_(1943%E2%80%931946).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281943%E2%80%931946%29.svg/60px-Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281943%E2%80%931946%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281943%E2%80%931946%29.svg/90px-Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281943%E2%80%931946%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281943%E2%80%931946%29.svg/120px-Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281943%E2%80%931946%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="World_War_II_in_Yugoslavia" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:World_War_II_in_Yugoslavia" title="Template:World War II in Yugoslavia"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:World_War_II_in_Yugoslavia" title="Template talk:World War II in Yugoslavia"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:World_War_II_in_Yugoslavia" title="Special:EditPage/Template:World War II in Yugoslavia"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="World_War_II_in_Yugoslavia" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/World_War_II_in_Yugoslavia" title="World War II in Yugoslavia">World War II in Yugoslavia</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1941</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Invasion_of_Yugoslavia" title="Invasion of Yugoslavia">Invasion of Yugoslavia</a></li> <li>Uprising in Bosnia and Herzegovina <ul><li><a href="/wiki/May_1941_Sanski_Most_revolt" title="May 1941 Sanski Most revolt">May 1941 Sanski Most revolt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_1941_uprising_in_eastern_Herzegovina" title="June 1941 uprising in eastern Herzegovina">June uprising in eastern Herzegovina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Rogatica_(1941)" title="Siege of Rogatica (1941)">Siege of Rogatica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_Olovo_(1941)" title="Capture of Olovo (1941)">Olovo</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uprising_in_Serbia_(1941)" title="Uprising in Serbia (1941)">Uprising in Serbia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Loznica_(1941)" title="Battle of Loznica (1941)">Battle of Loznica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_Banja_Kovilja%C4%8Da" title="Capture of Banja Koviljača">Battle of Banja Koviljača</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attack_on_%C5%A0abac" title="Attack on Šabac">Attack on Šabac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ma%C4%8Dva_operation" title="Mačva operation">Mačva operation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tre%C5%A1njica" title="Battle of Trešnjica">Battle of Trešnjica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attack_on_Kru%C5%A1evac" title="Attack on Kruševac">Kruševac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Kraljevo" title="Siege of Kraljevo">Kraljevo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Uzice" title="Operation Uzice">Operation Uzice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Mihailovic" title="Operation Mihailovic">Operation Mihailovic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Novi_Pazar" title="Battle of Novi Pazar">Novi Pazar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sjenica_(1941)" title="Battle of Sjenica (1941)">Sjenica</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uprising_in_Montenegro_(1941)" title="Uprising in Montenegro (1941)">Uprising in Montenegro</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Pljevlja" title="Battle of Pljevlja">Battle of Pljevlja</a></li></ul></li> <li>Uprising in Croatia <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Croatian_Partisans#History" title="Croatian Partisans">Croatian Partisans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Srb_uprising" title="Srb uprising">Srb uprising</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karadak-Gollak_Uprising_(1941%E2%80%931951)" class="mw-redirect" title="Karadak-Gollak Uprising (1941–1951)">Karadak-Gollak Uprising (1941–1951)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1942</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Southeast_Croatia" title="Operation Southeast Croatia">Operations Southeast Croatia and Ozren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Trio" title="Operation Trio">Operation Trio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chetnik_sabotage_of_Axis_communication_lines" title="Chetnik sabotage of Axis communication lines">Chetnik sabotage of Axis communication lines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kozara_Offensive" title="Kozara Offensive">Kozara Offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Alfa" title="Operation Alfa">Operation Alfa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Kopaonik" title="Operation Kopaonik">Operation Kopaonik</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1943</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Case_White" title="Case White">Case White</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Case_Black" title="Case Black">Case Black</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Turjak" title="Siege of Turjak">Siege of Turjak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Kugelblitz" title="Operation Kugelblitz">Operation Kugelblitz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Vi%C5%A1egrad" title="Battle of Višegrad">Battle of Višegrad</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1944</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Kugelblitz" title="Operation Kugelblitz">Operations Kugelblitz and Schneesturm</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Operation Rösselsprung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_R%C3%BCbezahl" title="Operation Rübezahl">Operation Rübezahl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belgrade_offensive" title="Belgrade offensive">Belgrade offensive</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Draufg%C3%A4nger" title="Operation Draufgänger">Operation Draufgänger</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Jelova_Gora&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of Jelova Gora (page does not exist)">Battle of Jelova Gora</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosovo_Operation_(1944)" title="Kosovo Operation (1944)">Kosovo Operation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Knin" title="Battle of Knin">Battle of Knin</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Tuzla&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of Tuzla (page does not exist)">Battle of Tuzla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Batina" title="Battle of Batina">Battle of Batina</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1945</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Syrmian_Front" title="Syrmian Front">Syrmian Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mostar_operation" title="Mostar operation">Mostar operation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarajevo_Operation" title="Sarajevo Operation">Sarajevo Operation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Lijev%C4%8De_Field" title="Battle of Lijevče Field">Battle of Lijevče Field</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Zelengora" title="Battle of Zelengora">Battle of Zelengora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Poljana" title="Battle of Poljana">Battle of Poljana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Od%C5%BEak" title="Battle of Odžak">Battle of Odžak</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Croatia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zagreb_in_World_War_II" title="Zagreb in World War II">Zagreb in World War II</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Macedonia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/World_War_II_in_Yugoslav_Macedonia" title="World War II in Yugoslav Macedonia">World War II in Yugoslav Macedonia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Serbia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kosovo_during_World_War_II" title="Kosovo during World War II">Kosovo during World War II</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Slovenia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/World_War_II_in_the_Slovene_Lands" title="World War II in the Slovene Lands">World War II in the Slovene Lands</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Strategic bombing</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Belgrade <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Retribution_(1941)" class="mw-redirect" title="Operation Retribution (1941)">1941</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bombing_of_Belgrade_(1944)" title="Bombing of Belgrade (1944)">1944</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bombing_of_Podgorica_in_World_War_II" title="Bombing of Podgorica in World War II">Podgorica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bombing_of_Sarajevo_in_World_War_II" title="Bombing of Sarajevo in World War II">Sarajevo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bombing_of_Zadar_in_World_War_II" title="Bombing of Zadar in World War II">Zadar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bombing_of_Zagreb_in_World_War_II" title="Bombing of Zagreb in World War II">Zagreb</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <dl><dt>see also</dt> <dd></dd> <dd><b><a href="/wiki/Template:Factions_in_the_Yugoslav_Front" title="Template:Factions in the Yugoslav Front">Factions in the Yugoslav Front</a></b></dd> <dd><b><a href="/wiki/Template:People_of_the_Yugoslav_Front" title="Template:People of the Yugoslav Front">People of the Yugoslav Front</a></b></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Wars_and_battles_involving_Serbs" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Wars_and_battles_involving_Serbs" title="Template:Wars and battles involving Serbs"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Wars_and_battles_involving_Serbs" title="Template talk:Wars and battles involving Serbs"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Wars_and_battles_involving_Serbs" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Wars and battles involving Serbs"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Wars_and_battles_involving_Serbs" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_Serbia" title="Military history of Serbia">Wars and battles involving Serbs</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Middle_Ages" title="Middle Ages">Medieval</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12em;vertical-align:top;;"><a href="/wiki/Bulgarian%E2%80%93Serbian_wars_(medieval)" title="Bulgarian–Serbian wars (medieval)">Serbian–Bulgarian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bulgar%E2%80%93Serb_War_(839%E2%80%93842)" title="Bulgar–Serb War (839–842)">Bulgar–Serb War (839–842)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgar%E2%80%93Serb_War_(853)" title="Bulgar–Serb War (853)">Bulgar–Serb War (853)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgarian%E2%80%93Serbian_wars_of_917%E2%80%93924" title="Bulgarian–Serbian wars of 917–924">Bulgarian–Serbian wars of 917–924</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zaharija_of_Serbia#Rule" title="Zaharija of Serbia">Bulgarian–Serbian border revolt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgarian%E2%80%93Serbian_wars_(medieval)" title="Bulgarian–Serbian wars (medieval)">Bulgarian-Serb War (998)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bulgarian-Serbian_War_(1202)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bulgarian-Serbian War (1202) (page does not exist)">Bulgarian-Serbian War (1202)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bulgarian-Serbian_War_(1203)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bulgarian-Serbian War (1203) (page does not exist)">Bulgarian-Serbian War (1203)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bulgarian-Serbian_War_(1290)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bulgarian-Serbian War (1290) (page does not exist)">Bulgarian-Serbian War (1290)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bulgarian-Serbian_War_(1291)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bulgarian-Serbian War (1291) (page does not exist)">Bulgarian-Serbian War (1291)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgarian-Serbian_War_(1330)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bulgarian-Serbian War (1330)">Bulgarian-Serbian War (1330)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Velbazhd" title="Battle of Velbazhd">Battle of Velbazhd</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12em;vertical-align:top;;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Serbian%E2%80%93Ottoman_conflicts" title="List of Serbian–Ottoman conflicts">Serbian–Ottoman</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Early skirmishes <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Gallipoli_(1312)" title="Battle of Gallipoli (1312)">Battle of Gallipoli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Stephaniana" title="Battle of Stephaniana">Battle of Stephaniana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Demotika" title="Battle of Demotika">Battle of Demotika</a> in 1352</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_S%C4%B1rp_S%C4%B1nd%C4%B1%C4%9F%C4%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Sırp Sındığı">Battle of Sırp Sındığı</a> in 1364</li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Fall_of_the_Serbian_Empire" title="Fall of the Serbian Empire">Fall of the Serbian Empire</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Maritsa" title="Battle of Maritsa">Battle of Maritsa</a> in 1371</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Dubravnica" title="Battle of Dubravnica">Battle of Dubravnica</a> in 1381</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Savra" title="Battle of Savra">Battle of Savra</a> in 1385</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Plo%C4%8Dnik" title="Battle of Pločnik">Battle of Pločnik</a> in 1386</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kosovo" title="Battle of Kosovo">Battle of Kosovo</a> in 1389</li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Serbian_Despotate" title="Serbian Despotate">Serbian Despotate</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Karanovasa" title="Battle of Karanovasa">Battle of Karanovasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tripolje" title="Battle of Tripolje">Battle of Tripolje</a> in 1402</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Novo_Brdo" class="mw-redirect" title="Siege of Novo Brdo">Siege of Novo Brdo</a> in 1412</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Vitosha_Pass&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of Vitosha Pass (page does not exist)">Battle of Vitosha Pass</a> in 1413</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Carmorlu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of Carmorlu (page does not exist)">Battle of Carmorlu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Scutari_War" title="First Scutari War">First Scutari War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Scutari_War" title="Second Scutari War">Second Scutari War</a></li> <li>Ottoman invasion of Serbia in 1425</li> <li>Ottoman invasion of Serbia in 1427</li> <li>Ottoman invasion of Serbia in 1437</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Trnava_(1430)" title="Battle of Trnava (1430)">Battle of Trnava (1430)</a></li> <li>Ottoman invasion of Serbia in 1438</li> <li>Ottoman invasion of Serbia (1439–1444)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crusade_of_Varna" title="Crusade of Varna">Crusade of Varna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Nish_(1443)" title="Battle of Nish (1443)">Battle of Nish (1443)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Zlatitsa" title="Battle of Zlatitsa">Battle of Zlatitsa</a> in 1443</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kunovica" title="Battle of Kunovica">Battle of Kunovica</a> in 1444</li> <li>Ottoman invasion of Serbia (1454–1455)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kru%C5%A1evac" title="Battle of Kruševac">Battle of Kruševac</a> in 1454</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Leskovac" title="Battle of Leskovac">Battle of Leskovac</a> in 1454</li> <li>Ottoman invasion of Serbia in 1456</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Belgrade_(1456)" title="Siege of Belgrade (1456)">Siege of Belgrade</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siege_of_Smederevo_(1456)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Siege of Smederevo (1456) (page does not exist)">Siege of Smederevo</a></li> <li>Ottoman invasion and conquest of <a href="/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia">Serbia</a> in 1459</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Breadfield" title="Battle of Breadfield">Battle of Breadfield</a> in 1479</li></ul></li> <li>Ottoman conquest of <a href="/wiki/Zeta_under_the_Crnojevi%C4%87i" title="Zeta under the Crnojevići">Zeta</a> in 1499</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12em;vertical-align:top;;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Byzantine_wars" title="List of Byzantine wars">Serbian–Byzantine</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Serb_Uprising_of_1038%E2%80%931042&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Serb Uprising of 1038–1042 (page does not exist)">Serb Uprising of 1038–1042</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Bar" title="Battle of Bar">Battle of Bar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slav_Uprising_in_Pomoravlje" class="mw-redirect" title="Slav Uprising in Pomoravlje">Slav Uprising in Pomoravlje</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Zve%C4%8Dan" title="Battle of Zvečan">Battle of Zvečan</a> (1094)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Haram" title="Battle of Haram">Battle of Haram</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siege_of_Ras_(1127)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Siege of Ras (1127) (page does not exist)">Siege of Ras (1127)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tara_(1150)" title="Battle of Tara (1150)">Battle of Tara (1150)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine%E2%80%93Hungarian_War_(1149%E2%80%931155)" title="Byzantine–Hungarian War (1149–1155)">Byzantine–Hungarian War (1149–1155)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Brani%C4%8Devo" title="Siege of Braničevo">Siege of Braničevo</a> (1154)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Pantina" title="Battle of Pantina">Battle of Pantina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine%E2%80%93Hungarian_War_(1127%E2%80%931129)" title="Byzantine–Hungarian War (1127–1129)">Byzantine–Hungarian War (1127–1129)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_civil_war_of_1321%E2%80%931328" title="Byzantine civil war of 1321–1328">Byzantine civil war of 1321–1328</a></li> <li>Serbian invasion of Macedonia led by <a href="/wiki/Syrgiannes_Palaiologos" title="Syrgiannes Palaiologos">Syrgiannes Palaiologos</a> (1334)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_civil_war_of_1341%E2%80%931347" title="Byzantine civil war of 1341–1347">Byzantine civil war of 1341–1347</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12em;vertical-align:top;;">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_invasions_of_Europe" title="Hungarian invasions of Europe">Hungarian invasions of Europe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magyar%E2%80%93Serb_conflict" class="mw-redirect" title="Magyar–Serb conflict">Magyar–Serb conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine%E2%80%93Hungarian_War_(1127%E2%80%931129)" title="Byzantine–Hungarian War (1127–1129)">Byzantine–Hungarian War (1127–1129)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sirmium" title="Battle of Sirmium">Battle of Sirmium</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Gacko&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of Gacko (page does not exist)">Battle of Gacko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbian_conflict_with_the_Nogai_Horde" title="Serbian conflict with the Nogai Horde">Serbian conflict with the Nogai Horde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongol_invasion_of_Bulgaria_and_Serbia" title="Mongol invasion of Bulgaria and Serbia">Mongol invasion of Bulgaria and Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ma%C4%8Dva_War" title="Mačva War">Mačva War</a></li> <li>Hungarian–Serbian War (1321-1324)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_of_Hum_(1326%E2%80%931329)" class="mw-redirect" title="War of Hum (1326–1329)">War of Hum (1326–1329)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbian_civil_war_of_1331" title="Serbian civil war of 1331">Serbian civil war of 1331</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbian_nobility_conflict_(1369)" title="Serbian nobility conflict (1369)">Serbian nobility conflict (1369)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Rovine" title="Battle of Rovine">Battle of Rovine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Nicopolis" title="Battle of Nicopolis">Battle of Nicopolis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ankara" title="Battle of Ankara">Battle of Ankara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kosmidion" title="Battle of Kosmidion">Battle of Kosmidion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_%C3%87amurlu" title="Battle of Çamurlu">Battle of Çamurlu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Despotovac&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of Despotovac (page does not exist)">Battle of Despotovac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Belgrade_(1440)" title="Siege of Belgrade (1440)">Siege of Belgrade (1440)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kosovo_(1448)" title="Battle of Kosovo (1448)">Battle of Kosovo (1448)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fall_of_Constantinople" title="Fall of Constantinople">Fall of Constantinople</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;">Foreign rule</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12em;vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/Habsburg_monarchy" title="Habsburg monarchy">Habsburgs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jovan_Nenad" title="Jovan Nenad">Jovan Nenad</a>'s uprising</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_campaign_of_1527%E2%80%931528" title="Hungarian campaign of 1527–1528">Hungarian campaign of 1527–1528</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sz%C5%91l%C5%91s" title="Battle of Szőlős">Battle of Szőlős</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sz%C5%91dfalva" title="Battle of Sződfalva">Battle of Sződfalva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Keresztes" title="Battle of Keresztes">Battle of Keresztes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Turkish_War" title="Great Turkish War">Great Turkish War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Belgrade_(1688)" title="Siege of Belgrade (1688)">Siege of Belgrade (1688)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Bato%C4%8Dina" title="Battle of Batočina">Battle of Batočina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ni%C5%A1_(1689)" title="Battle of Niš (1689)">Battle of Niš (1689)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Belgrade_(1690)" title="Siege of Belgrade (1690)">Siege of Belgrade (1690)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Lugos" title="Battle of Lugos">Battle of Lugos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C3%A1k%C3%B3czi%27s_War_of_Independence" title="Rákóczi's War of Independence">Rákóczi's War of Independence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Saint_Gotthard_(1705)" title="Battle of Saint Gotthard (1705)">Battle of Saint Gotthard (1705)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austro-Turkish_War_(1716%E2%80%931718)" title="Austro-Turkish War (1716–1718)">Austro-Turkish War (1716–1718)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Belgrade_(1717)" title="Siege of Belgrade (1717)">Siege of Belgrade (1717)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russo-Turkish_War_(1735%E2%80%931739)" title="Russo-Turkish War (1735–1739)">Russo-Turkish War (1735–1739)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Zsib%C3%B3" title="Battle of Zsibó">Battle of Zsibó</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tren%C4%8D%C3%ADn" title="Battle of Trenčín">Battle of Trenčín</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Petrovaradin" title="Battle of Petrovaradin">Battle of Petrovaradin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Banja_Luka" title="Battle of Banja Luka">Battle of Banja Luka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austro-Turkish_War_(1788%E2%80%931791)" title="Austro-Turkish War (1788–1791)">Austro-Turkish War (1788–1791)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12em;vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottomans</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Long_War_(Ottoman_wars)" class="mw-redirect" title="Long War (Ottoman wars)">Long War (Ottoman wars)</a> (1593–1606)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banat_Uprising" class="mw-redirect" title="Banat Uprising">Banat Uprising</a> (1594)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Serb_Uprising_of_1596%E2%80%931597&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Serb Uprising of 1596–1597 (page does not exist)">Serb Uprising of 1596–1597</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Moh%C3%A1cs_(1687)" title="Battle of Mohács (1687)">Battle of Mohács (1687)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uprising_in_Vu%C4%8Ditrn" title="Uprising in Vučitrn">Uprising in Vučitrn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serb_uprising_of_1737%E2%80%931739" title="Serb uprising of 1737–1739">Serb uprising of 1737–1739</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ko%C4%8Dina_Krajina_Serb_rebellion" class="mw-redirect" title="Kočina Krajina Serb rebellion">Kočina Krajina Serb rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Martini%C4%87i_(1796)" title="Battle of Martinići (1796)">Battle of Martinići (1796)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Krusi" title="Battle of Krusi">Battle of Krusi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Lopate" title="Battle of Lopate">Battle of Lopate</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12em;vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Venice" title="Republic of Venice">Venice</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Morean_War" title="Morean War">Morean War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cretan_War_(1645%E2%80%931669)" title="Cretan War (1645–1669)">Cretan War (1645–1669)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Turkish_War" title="Great Turkish War">Great Turkish War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_on_Vrtijeljka" title="Battle on Vrtijeljka">Battle on Vrtijeljka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Slankamen" title="Battle of Slankamen">Battle of Slankamen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Zenta" title="Battle of Zenta">Battle of Senta</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12em;vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/Russian_Empire" title="Russian Empire">Russia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Serbian_Hussar_Regiment" title="Serbian Hussar Regiment">Serbian Hussar Regiment</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pruth_River_Campaign" title="Pruth River Campaign">Pruth River Campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_of_the_Polish_Succession" title="War of the Polish Succession">War of the Polish Succession</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russo-Swedish_War_(1741%E2%80%931743)" title="Russo-Swedish War (1741–1743)">Russo-Swedish War (1741–1743)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seven_Years%27_War" title="Seven Years' War">Seven Years' War</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;">19th century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12em;vertical-align:top;;"><a href="/wiki/Serbian_Revolution" title="Serbian Revolution">Serbian Revolution</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/First_Serbian_Uprising" title="First Serbian Uprising">First Serbian Uprising</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Vra%C4%8Dar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of Vračar (page does not exist)">Vračar</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Rudnik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of Rudnik (page does not exist)">Rudnik</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Svileuva&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of Svileuva (page does not exist)">Svileuva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battles_of_Bato%C4%8Dina_and_Jagodina" title="Battles of Batočina and Jagodina">Batočina and Jagodina</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Kragujevac_(1804)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of Kragujevac (1804) (page does not exist)">Kragujevac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Drlupa" title="Battle of Drlupa">Drlupa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_%C4%8Coke%C5%A1ina" title="Battle of Čokešina">Čokešina</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liberation_of_%C5%A0abac&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Liberation of Šabac (page does not exist)">Šabac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Po%C5%BEarevac" title="Battle of Požarevac">Požarevac</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Karanovac&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of Karanovac (page does not exist)">Karanovac</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Adakale&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of Adakale (page does not exist)">Adakale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ivankovac" title="Battle of Ivankovac">Ivankovac</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Rudnik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of Rudnik (page does not exist)">Rudnik</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Vrbica&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of Vrbica (page does not exist)">Vrbica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Mi%C5%A1ar" title="Battle of Mišar">Mišar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Deligrad" title="Battle of Deligrad">Deligrad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Belgrade_(1806)" title="Siege of Belgrade (1806)">Belgrade (1806)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liberation_of_Belgrade_(1807)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Liberation of Belgrade (1807) (page does not exist)">Liberation of Belgrade</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Loznica_(1807)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of Loznica (1807) (page does not exist)">Loznica</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battles_of_Malajnica_and_%C5%A0tubik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battles of Malajnica and Štubik (page does not exist)">Malajnica and Štubik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_%C4%8Cegar" title="Battle of Čegar">Čegar</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Jasika&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of Jasika (page does not exist)">Jasika</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Prahovo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of Prahovo (page does not exist)">Prahovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Suvodol" title="Battle of Suvodol">Suvodol</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_on_the_Drina_(1810)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle on the Drina (1810) (page does not exist)">Drina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Varvarin" title="Battle of Varvarin">Varvarin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Loznica" title="Battle of Loznica">Loznica</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Ma%C4%8Dva&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of Mačva (page does not exist)">Mačva</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Ravnje&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of Ravnje (page does not exist)">Ravnje</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Had%C5%BEi_Prodan%27s_Revolt" class="mw-redirect" title="Hadži Prodan's Revolt">Hadži Prodan's Revolt</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Second_Serbian_Uprising" title="Second Serbian Uprising">Second Serbian Uprising</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ljubi%C4%87" title="Battle of Ljubić">Ljubić</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_%C4%8Ca%C4%8Dak&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of Čačak (page does not exist)">Čačak</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Pale%C5%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of Palež (page does not exist)">Palež</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Po%C5%BEarevac" title="Battle of Požarevac">Požarevac</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Dublje&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of Dublje (page does not exist)">Rudnik</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Dublje&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of Dublje (page does not exist)">Družetić</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Dublje&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of Dublje (page does not exist)">Kragujevac</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Dublje&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of Dublje (page does not exist)">Jagodina</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Dublje&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of Dublje (page does not exist)">Karanovac</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Dublje&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of Dublje (page does not exist)">Batočina</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Dublje&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of Dublje (page does not exist)">Užice</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Dublje&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of Dublje (page does not exist)">Valjevo</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Dublje&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of Dublje (page does not exist)">Batočina</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12em;vertical-align:top;;">Ottoman</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Montenegrin%E2%80%93Ottoman_War_(1852%E2%80%931853)" title="Montenegrin–Ottoman War (1852–1853)">Montenegrin–Ottoman War (1852–1853)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Grahovac" title="Battle of Grahovac">Battle of Grahovac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kola%C5%A1in" title="Battle of Kolašin">Battle of Kolašin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montenegrin%E2%80%93Ottoman_War_(1861%E2%80%931862)" title="Montenegrin–Ottoman War (1861–1862)">Montenegrin–Ottoman War (1861–1862)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montenegrin%E2%80%93Ottoman_War_(1876%E2%80%931878)" title="Montenegrin–Ottoman War (1876–1878)">Montenegrin–Ottoman War (1876–1878)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Vu%C4%8Dji_Do" title="Battle of Vučji Do">Battle of Vučji Do</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Fundina" title="Battle of Fundina">Battle of Fundina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battles_for_Plav_and_Gusinje" title="Battles for Plav and Gusinje">Battles for Plav and Gusinje</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Velika_attacks_(1879)" title="Velika attacks (1879)">Velika attacks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Nov%C5%A1i%C4%87e" title="Battle of Novšiće">Battle of Novšiće</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Murino" title="Battle of Murino">Battle of Murino</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12em;vertical-align:top;;">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kumanovo_uprising" title="Kumanovo uprising">Kumanovo uprising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adriatic_campaign_of_1807%E2%80%931814" title="Adriatic campaign of 1807–1814">Adriatic campaign of 1807–1814</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jan%C4%8Di%C4%87%27s_rebellion" title="Jančić's rebellion">Jančić's rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Priest_Jovica%27s_Rebellion" title="Priest Jovica's Rebellion">Priest Jovica's Rebellion</a></li> <li>Several battles of <a href="/wiki/Hungarian_Revolution_of_1848" title="Hungarian Revolution of 1848">Hungarian Revolution of 1848</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Vr%C5%A1ac_(1849)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of Vršac (1849) (page does not exist)">Battle of Vršac (1849)</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Serbian-Turkish_Wars_(1876%E2%80%931878)" class="mw-redirect" title="Serbian-Turkish Wars (1876–1878)">Serbian-Turkish Wars (1876–1878)</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Vranje" title="Battle of Vranje">Battle of Vranje</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Cattaro" title="Siege of Cattaro">Siege of Cattaro</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Herzegovina_uprising_(1852%E2%80%931862)" title="Herzegovina uprising (1852–1862)">Herzegovina uprising (1852–1862)</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krivo%C5%A1ije_uprising_(1869)" title="Krivošije uprising (1869)">Krivošije uprising (1869)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russo-Turkish_War_(1877%E2%80%931878)" title="Russo-Turkish War (1877–1878)">Russo-Turkish War (1877–1878)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austro-Hungarian_campaign_in_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina_in_1878" title="Austro-Hungarian campaign in Bosnia and Herzegovina in 1878">AU-BiH War</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Jajce_(1878)" title="Battle of Jajce (1878)">Battle of Jajce (1878)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Vitez_(1878)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of Vitez (1878) (page does not exist)">Battle of Vitez (1878)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sarajevo_(1878)" title="Battle of Sarajevo (1878)">Battle of Sarajevo (1878)</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbo-Bulgarian_War" title="Serbo-Bulgarian War">Serbo-Bulgarian War</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Pirot" title="Battle of Pirot">Battle of Pirot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Slivnitsa" title="Battle of Slivnitsa">Battle of Slivnitsa</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;">20th century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12em;vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/Macedonian_Struggle" title="Macedonian Struggle">Macedonian Struggle</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fight_on_%C5%A0uplji_Kamen" class="mw-redirect" title="Fight on Šuplji Kamen">Fight on Šuplji Kamen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fight_on_%C4%8Celopek" class="mw-redirect" title="Fight on Čelopek">Fight on Čelopek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fight_in_Tabanovce" class="mw-redirect" title="Fight in Tabanovce">Fight in Tabanovce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fight_in_Velika_Ho%C4%8Da" class="mw-redirect" title="Fight in Velika Hoča">Fight in Velika Hoča</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fight_on_%C4%8Celopek_(1906)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fight on Čelopek (1906) (page does not exist)">Fight on Čelopek (1906)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Pirot_(1913)" title="Battle of Pirot (1913)">Battle of Pirot (1913)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12em;vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/Balkan_Wars" title="Balkan Wars">Balkan Wars</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/First_Balkan_War" title="First Balkan War">First Balkan War</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kumanovo" title="Battle of Kumanovo">Battle of Kumanovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Prilep" title="Battle of Prilep">Battle of Prilep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Monastir" title="Battle of Monastir">Battle of Monastir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Scutari_(1912-1913)" class="mw-redirect" title="Siege of Scutari (1912-1913)">Siege of Scutari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Adrianople_(1913)" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Adrianople (1913)">Siege of Adrianople</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Odrin_(1912%E2%80%931913)" class="mw-redirect" title="Siege of Odrin (1912–1913)">Siege of Odrin (1912–1913)</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Second_Balkan_War" title="Second Balkan War">Second Balkan War</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Bregalnica" title="Battle of Bregalnica">Battle of Bregalnica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kalimanci" title="Battle of Kalimanci">Battle of Kalimanci</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Knja%C5%BEevac" title="Battle of Knjaževac">Battle of Knjaževac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Vidin_(1913)" title="Siege of Vidin (1913)">Siege of Vidin (1913)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ohrid%E2%80%93Debar_uprising" title="Ohrid–Debar uprising">Ohrid–Debar uprising</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12em;vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Montenegrin_campaign" title="Montenegrin campaign">Montenegrin campaign</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Mojkovac" title="Battle of Mojkovac">Battle of Mojkovac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Lov%C4%87en" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Lovćen">Battle of Lovćen</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Serbian_campaign" title="Serbian campaign">Serbian campaign</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Cer" title="Battle of Cer">Battle of Cer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Crna_Bend_(1916)" title="Battle of the Crna Bend (1916)">Battle of the Crna Bend (1916)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Bazargic" title="Battle of Bazargic">Battle of Bazargic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Dobro_Pole" title="Battle of Dobro Pole">Battle of Dobro Pole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Drina" title="Battle of the Drina">Battle of the Drina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Florina" title="Battle of Florina">Battle of Florina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kaymakchalan" title="Battle of Kaymakchalan">Battle of Kaymakchalan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kolubara" title="Battle of Kolubara">Battle of Kolubara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosovo_offensive_(1915)" title="Kosovo offensive (1915)">Kosovo offensive (1915)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberation_of_Serbia,_Albania_and_Montenegro_(1918)" title="Liberation of Serbia, Albania and Montenegro (1918)">Liberation of Serbia, Albania and Montenegro (1918)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Malka_Nidzhe" title="Battle of Malka Nidzhe">Battle of Malka Nidzhe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macedonian_front" title="Macedonian front">Macedonian front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monastir_offensive" title="Monastir offensive">Monastir offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morava_Offensive" title="Morava Offensive">Morava Offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ov%C4%8De_Pole_Offensive" title="Ovče Pole Offensive">Ovče Pole Offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vardar_offensive" title="Vardar offensive">Vardar offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Srem_Offensive" title="Srem Offensive">Srem Offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toplica_Uprising" title="Toplica Uprising">Toplica Uprising</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12em;vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/Interwar_period" title="Interwar period">Interwar</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Austro-Slovene_conflict_in_Carinthia" title="Austro-Slovene conflict in Carinthia">Carinthia War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Committee_for_the_National_Defence_of_Kosovo#Activity_in_Yugoslavia" title="Committee for the National Defence of Kosovo">Uprising in Drenica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_Uprising" title="Christmas Uprising">Christmas Uprising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allied_intervention_in_the_Russian_Civil_War" title="Allied intervention in the Russian Civil War">Allied intervention in the Russian Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanian-Yugoslav_Border_War_(1921)" class="mw-redirect" title="Albanian-Yugoslav Border War (1921)">Albanian-Yugoslav Border War (1921)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azem_Galica#Resistance_against_Yugoslavia" title="Azem Galica">Drenica-Junik Uprising</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12em;vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Invasion_of_Yugoslavia" title="Invasion of Yugoslavia">Invasion of Yugoslavia</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Uprising_in_Serbia_(1941)" title="Uprising in Serbia (1941)">Uprising in Serbia (1941)</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uprising_in_Montenegro_(1941)" title="Uprising in Montenegro (1941)">Uprising in Montenegro (1941)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_1941_uprising_in_eastern_Herzegovina" title="June 1941 uprising in eastern Herzegovina">June 1941 uprising in eastern Herzegovina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Novi_Pazar" title="Battle of Novi Pazar">Battle of Novi Pazar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Pljevlja" title="Battle of Pljevlja">Battle of Pljevlja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kozara" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Kozara">Battle of Kozara</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Loznica_(1941)" title="Battle of Loznica (1941)">Battle of Loznica (1941)</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Livno" title="Battle of Livno">Battle of Livno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Neretva" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Neretva">Battle of Neretva</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Sutjeska" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of the Sutjeska">Battle of the Sutjeska</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raid_on_Drvar" class="mw-redirect" title="Raid on Drvar">Raid on Drvar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Knin" title="Battle of Knin">Battle of Knin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Mostar" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Mostar">Battle of Mostar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Lijev%C4%8De_Field" title="Battle of Lijevče Field">Battle of Lijevče Field</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1942_Montenegro_offensive" class="mw-redirect" title="1942 Montenegro offensive">1942 Montenegro offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biha%C4%87_Operation" class="mw-redirect" title="Bihać Operation">Bihać Operation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Batina" title="Battle of Batina">Battle of Batina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belgrade_Offensive" class="mw-redirect" title="Belgrade Offensive">Belgrade Offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_Banja_Kovilja%C4%8Da" title="Capture of Banja Koviljača">Capture of Banja Koviljača</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Case_Black" title="Case Black">Case Black</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Case_White" title="Case White">Case White</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Draufg%C3%A4nger" title="Operation Draufgänger">Operation Draufgänger</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Kozara_Offensive" title="Kozara Offensive">Kozara Offensive</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kupres_(1942)" title="Battle of Kupres (1942)">Battle of Kupres (1942)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Vi%C5%A1egrad" title="Battle of Višegrad">Battle of Višegrad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mostar_operation" title="Mostar operation">Mostar operation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nagykanizsa%E2%80%93K%C3%B6rmend_Offensive" class="mw-redirect" title="Nagykanizsa–Körmend Offensive">Nagykanizsa–Körmend Offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ni%C5%A1_operation" title="Niš operation">Niš operation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Od%C5%BEak" title="Battle of Odžak">Battle of Odžak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_Olovo_(1941)" title="Capture of Olovo (1941)">Capture of Olovo (1941)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Alfa" title="Operation Alfa">Operation Alfa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Delphin" title="Operation Delphin">Operation Delphin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Kopaonik" title="Operation Kopaonik">Operation Kopaonik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Kugelblitz" title="Operation Kugelblitz">Operation Kugelblitz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Mihailovic" title="Operation Mihailovic">Operation Mihailovic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Southeast_Croatia" title="Operation Southeast Croatia">Operation Southeast Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Trio" title="Operation Trio">Operation Trio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Uzice" title="Operation Uzice">Operation Uzice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Poljana" title="Battle of Poljana">Battle of Poljana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Prijedor" title="Operation Prijedor">Operation Prijedor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Rogatica_(1941)" title="Siege of Rogatica (1941)">Siege of Rogatica (1941)</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Operation Rösselsprung (1944)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosovo_Operation_(1944)" title="Kosovo Operation (1944)">Kosovo Operation (1944)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Spring_Awakening" title="Operation Spring Awakening">Operation Spring Awakening</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Srb_uprising" title="Srb uprising">Srb uprising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stratsin-Kumanovo_operation" class="mw-redirect" title="Stratsin-Kumanovo operation">Stratsin-Kumanovo operation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrmian_Front" title="Syrmian Front">Syrmian Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Zvornik" title="Battle of Zvornik">Battle of Zvornik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Sarajevo_(1945)" class="mw-redirect" title="Siege of Sarajevo (1945)">Battle of Sarajevo (1945)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Zelengora" title="Battle of Zelengora">Battle of Zelengora</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12em;vertical-align:top;">Croatian War</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pakrac_clash" title="Pakrac clash">Pakrac clash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plitvice_Lakes_incident" title="Plitvice Lakes incident">Plitvice Lakes incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Borovo_Selo" title="Battle of Borovo Selo">Battle of Borovo Selo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Stinger" title="Operation Stinger">Operation Stinger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1991_Yugoslav_campaign_in_Croatia" title="1991 Yugoslav campaign in Croatia">1991 Yugoslav campaign in Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Osijek" title="Battle of Osijek">Battle of Osijek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Vukovar" title="Battle of Vukovar">Battle of Vukovar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Gospi%C4%87" title="Battle of Gospić">Battle of Gospić</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_%C5%A0ibenik" title="Battle of Šibenik">Battle of Šibenik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Zadar" title="Battle of Zadar">Battle of Zadar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kusonje" title="Battle of Kusonje">Battle of Kusonje</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Barracks" title="Battle of the Barracks">Battle of the Barracks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Vara%C5%BEdin_Barracks" title="Siege of Varaždin Barracks">Siege of Varaždin Barracks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Bjelovar_Barracks" title="Siege of Bjelovar Barracks">Siege of Bjelovar Barracks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Dalmatian_Channels" title="Battle of the Dalmatian Channels">Battle of the Dalmatian Channels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Dubrovnik" title="Siege of Dubrovnik">Siege of Dubrovnik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Otkos_10" class="mw-redirect" title="Operation Otkos 10">Operation Otkos 10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Orkan_91" class="mw-redirect" title="Operation Orkan 91">Operation Orkan 91</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Whirlwind" title="Operation Whirlwind">Operation Whirlwind</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Baranja" title="Operation Baranja">Operation Baranja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Jackal" title="Operation Jackal">Operation Jackal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Miljevci_Plateau" title="Battle of the Miljevci Plateau">Battle of the Miljevci Plateau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Tiger_(1992)" title="Operation Tiger (1992)">Operation Tiger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Maslenica" title="Operation Maslenica">Operation Maslenica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Medak_Pocket" title="Operation Medak Pocket">Operation Medak Pocket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Winter_%2794" title="Operation Winter '94">Operation Winter '94</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Flash" title="Operation Flash">Operation Flash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Summer_%2795" title="Operation Summer '95">Operation Summer '95</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Operation_Storm" title="Operation Storm">Operation Storm</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12em;vertical-align:top;">Bosnian War</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Bosanski_Brod" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Bosanski Brod">Battle of Bosanski Brod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kupres_(1992)" title="Battle of Kupres (1992)">Battle of Kupres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Sarajevo" title="Siege of Sarajevo">Siege of Sarajevo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Srebrenica" title="Siege of Srebrenica">Siege of Srebrenica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Gora%C5%BEde" title="Siege of Goražde">Siege of Goražde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Doboj" class="mw-redirect" title="Siege of Doboj">Siege of Doboj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Jackal" title="Operation Jackal">Operation Jackal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Biha%C4%87_(1992%E2%80%9395)" class="mw-redirect" title="Siege of Bihać (1992–95)">Siege of Bihać (1992–95)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Vrbas_%2792" title="Operation Vrbas '92">Operation Vrbas '92</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Corridor_92" title="Operation Corridor 92">Operation Corridor 92</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Bura" title="Operation Bura">Operation Bura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kravica_attack_(1993)" title="Kravica attack (1993)">Kravica attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Mostar" title="Siege of Mostar">Siege of Mostar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Irma" title="Operation Irma">Operation Irma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_B%C3%B8llebank" title="Operation Bøllebank">Operation Bøllebank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Tiger_(1994)" title="Operation Tiger (1994)">Operation Tiger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kupres_(1994)" title="Battle of Kupres (1994)">Battle of Kupres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Amanda" title="Operation Amanda">Operation Amanda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Spider" title="Operation Spider">Operation Spider</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Winter_%2794" title="Operation Winter '94">Operation Winter '94</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberation_of_Vla%C5%A1i%C4%87" class="mw-redirect" title="Liberation of Vlašić">Battle of Vlašić</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Leap_1" class="mw-redirect" title="Operation Leap 1">Operation Leap 1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ora%C5%A1je" title="Battle of Orašje">Battle of Orašje</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Leap_2" class="mw-redirect" title="Operation Leap 2">Operation Leap 2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Summer_%2795" title="Operation Summer '95">Operation Summer '95</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Vrbanja_Bridge" title="Battle of Vrbanja Bridge">Battle of Vrbanja Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Vozu%C4%87a" title="Battle of Vozuća">Battle of Vozuća</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Miracle_(1995)" title="Operation Miracle (1995)">Operation Miracle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Mistral_2" title="Operation Mistral 2">Operation Mistral 2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Sana" title="Operation Sana">Operation Sana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Una" title="Operation Una">Operation Una</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Southern_Move" title="Operation Southern Move">Operation Southern Move</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/NATO_intervention_in_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="NATO intervention in Bosnia and Herzegovina">NATO intervention in Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1995_Pale_air_strikes" title="1995 Pale air strikes">1995 Pale air strikes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Deny_Flight" title="Operation Deny Flight">Operation Deny Flight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Deliberate_Force" title="Operation Deliberate Force">Operation Deliberate Force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Maritime_Monitor" title="Operation Maritime Monitor">Operation Maritime Monitor</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12em;vertical-align:top;">Kosovo War</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Insurgency_in_Kosovo_(1995%E2%80%931998)" title="Insurgency in Kosovo (1995–1998)">Insurgency in Kosovo</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanian%E2%80%93Yugoslav_border_incident_(December_1998)" class="mw-redirect" title="Albanian–Yugoslav border incident (December 1998)">Albanian–Yugoslav border incident (December 1998)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albania%E2%80%93Yugoslav_border_incident_(April_1999)" title="Albania–Yugoslav border incident (April 1999)">Albania–Yugoslav border incident (April 1999)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_23,_1998,_Albanian%E2%80%93Yugoslav_border_ambush" title="April 23, 1998, Albanian–Yugoslav border ambush">April 23, 1998, Albanian–Yugoslav border ambush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attack_on_Orahovac" title="Attack on Orahovac">Attack on Orahovac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attack_on_Prekaz" title="Attack on Prekaz">Attack on Prekaz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Lo%C4%91a" title="Battle of Lođa">Battle of Lođa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Oraovica" title="Battle of Oraovica">Battle of Oraovica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Bela%C4%87evac_Mine" title="Battle of Belaćevac Mine">Battle of Belaćevac Mine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Podujevo" title="Battle of Podujevo">Battle of Podujevo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_14,_1998,_Albanian%E2%80%93Yugoslav_border_ambush" title="December 14, 1998, Albanian–Yugoslav border ambush">December 14, 1998, Albanian–Yugoslav border ambush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Glo%C4%91ane" title="Battle of Glođane">Battle of Glođane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_18,_1998,_Albanian%E2%80%93Yugoslav_border_clashes" title="July 18, 1998, Albanian–Yugoslav border clashes">July 18, 1998, Albanian–Yugoslav border clashes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Junik" title="Battle of Junik">Battle of Junik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ko%C5%A1are" title="Battle of Košare">Battle of Košare</a></li> <li><b> <a href="/wiki/Insurgency_in_the_Pre%C5%A1evo_Valley" title="Insurgency in the Preševo Valley">Insurgency in the Preševo Valley</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prizren_incident_(1999)" title="Prizren incident (1999)">Prizren incident (1999)</a></li> <li><b> <a href="/wiki/NATO_bombing_of_Yugoslavia" title="NATO bombing of Yugoslavia">NATO bombing of Yugoslavia</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dubrava_Prison_bombings_and_executions" title="Dubrava Prison bombings and executions">Dubrava Prison bombings and executions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1999_F-117A_shootdown" title="1999 F-117A shootdown">1999 F-117A shootdown</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;">21st century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Peacekeeping" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12em;vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/Peacekeeping" title="Peacekeeping">Peacekeeping</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Central_African_Republic" title="Central African Republic">Central African Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyprus" title="Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Democratic Republic of the Congo">DR Congo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivory_Coast" title="Ivory Coast">Ivory Coast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lebanon" title="Lebanon">Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberia" title="Liberia">Liberia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mali" title="Mali">Mali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somalia" title="Somalia">Somalia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> 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