CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:og="http://ogp.me/ns#" xmlns:fb="http://www.facebook.com/2008/fbml" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/WebPage" class="day "> <head>  <script>(function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start': new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0], j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src= 'https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f); })(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-52B5VCVC');</script>  <meta charset="UTF-8"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0, maximum-scale=1.0, user-scalable=0, minimal-ui" /> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" /> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge,chrome=1"> <meta http-equiv="cleartype" content="on"> <meta name="msapplication-tap-highlight" content="no" /> <link rel="icon" href="https://griffithobservatory.org/wp-content/themes/griffith/images/favicon.png"> <link rel="icon" href="https://griffithobservatory.org/wp-content/themes/griffith/images/favicon.png" sizes="32x32" type="image/png"> <meta name='robots' content='index, follow, max-image-preview:large, max-snippet:-1, max-video-preview:-1' />  <title>Coelostat & Solar Telescopes - Griffith Observatory - Southern California鈥檚 gateway to the cosmos!</title> <meta name="description" content="Griffith Observatory's three solar telescopes bring the Sun directly to visitors in the west rotunda of the Ahmanson Hall of the Sky. On clear days, each of these telescopes provides a different real-time view of our local star, including sunspots and solar flares." /> <link rel="canonical" href="https://griffithobservatory.org/exhibits/telescopes/coelostat-solar-telescopes/" /> <meta property="og:locale" content="en_US" /> <meta property="og:type" content="article" /> <meta property="og:title" content="Coelostat & Solar Telescopes - Griffith Observatory - Southern California鈥檚 gateway to the cosmos!" /> <meta property="og:description" content="Griffith Observatory's three solar telescopes bring the Sun directly to visitors in the west rotunda of the Ahmanson Hall of the Sky. On clear days, each of these telescopes provides a different real-time view of our local star, including sunspots and solar flares." /> <meta property="og:url" content="https://griffithobservatory.org/exhibits/telescopes/coelostat-solar-telescopes/" /> <meta property="og:site_name" content="Griffith Observatory" /> <meta property="article:publisher" content="https://www.facebook.com/GriffithObservatory" /> <meta property="article:modified_time" content="2021-12-29T22:11:17+00:00" /> <meta property="og:image" content="https://griffithobservatory.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/DSC02616.jpg" /> <meta property="og:image:width" content="2500" /> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1669" /> <meta property="og:image:type" content="image/jpeg" /> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image" /> <meta name="twitter:site" content="@GriffithObserv" /> <script type="application/ld+json" class="yoast-schema-graph">{"@context":"https://schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https://griffithobservatory.org/exhibits/telescopes/coelostat-solar-telescopes/","url":"https://griffithobservatory.org/exhibits/telescopes/coelostat-solar-telescopes/","name":"Coelostat & Solar Telescopes - Griffith Observatory - Southern California鈥檚 gateway to the cosmos!","isPartOf":{"@id":"https://griffithobservatory.org/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https://griffithobservatory.org/exhibits/telescopes/coelostat-solar-telescopes/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https://griffithobservatory.org/exhibits/telescopes/coelostat-solar-telescopes/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https://griffithobservatory.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/DSC02616.jpg","datePublished":"2020-12-08T15:49:19+00:00","dateModified":"2021-12-29T22:11:17+00:00","description":"Griffith Observatory's three solar telescopes bring the Sun directly to visitors in the west rotunda of the Ahmanson Hall of the Sky. On clear days, each of these telescopes provides a different real-time view of our local star, including sunspots and solar flares.","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https://griffithobservatory.org/exhibits/telescopes/coelostat-solar-telescopes/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https://griffithobservatory.org/exhibits/telescopes/coelostat-solar-telescopes/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https://griffithobservatory.org/exhibits/telescopes/coelostat-solar-telescopes/#primaryimage","url":"https://griffithobservatory.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/DSC02616.jpg","contentUrl":"https://griffithobservatory.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/DSC02616.jpg","width":2500,"height":1669,"caption":"Griffith Observatory's triple-beam coelostat"},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https://griffithobservatory.org/exhibits/telescopes/coelostat-solar-telescopes/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https://griffithobservatory.org/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Telescopes","item":"https://griffithobservatory.org/exhibits/telescopes/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":3,"name":"Coelostat & Solar Telescopes"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https://griffithobservatory.org/#website","url":"https://griffithobservatory.org/","name":"Griffith Observatory","description":"Southern California鈥檚 gateway to the cosmos!","publisher":{"@id":"https://griffithobservatory.org/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https://griffithobservatory.org/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https://griffithobservatory.org/#organization","name":"Griffith Observatory","url":"https://griffithobservatory.org/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https://griffithobservatory.org/#/schema/logo/image/","url":"https://griffithobservatory.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/logo_griffith.svg","contentUrl":"https://griffithobservatory.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/logo_griffith.svg","width":338,"height":54,"caption":"Griffith Observatory"},"image":{"@id":"https://griffithobservatory.org/#/schema/logo/image/"},"sameAs":["https://www.facebook.com/GriffithObservatory","https://x.com/GriffithObserv","https://www.instagram.com/griffithobservatory/","https://www.linkedin.com/company/griffith-observatory/","https://www.youtube.com/user/GriffithObservatory","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Griffith_Observatory"]}]}</script>  <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//ajax.googleapis.com' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//cdnjs.cloudflare.com' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//www.googletagmanager.com' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='tribe-events-pro-mini-calendar-block-styles-css' href='https://griffithobservatory.org/wp-content/plugins/events-calendar-pro/src/resources/css/tribe-events-pro-mini-calendar-block.min.css?ver=7.3.0' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='wp-block-library-css' href='https://griffithobservatory.org/wp-includes/css/dist/block-library/style.min.css?ver=6.6.2' type='text/css' media='all' /> <style id='safe-svg-svg-icon-style-inline-css' type='text/css'> .safe-svg-cover{text-align:center}.safe-svg-cover .safe-svg-inside{display:inline-block;max-width:100%}.safe-svg-cover svg{height:100%;max-height:100%;max-width:100%;width:100%} </style> <style id='classic-theme-styles-inline-css' type='text/css'> /*! This file is auto-generated */ .wp-block-button__link{color:#fff;background-color:#32373c;border-radius:9999px;box-shadow:none;text-decoration:none;padding:calc(.667em + 2px) calc(1.333em + 2px);font-size:1.125em}.wp-block-file__button{background:#32373c;color:#fff;text-decoration:none} </style> <style id='global-styles-inline-css' type='text/css'> :root{--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--square: 1;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--4-3: 4/3;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--3-4: 3/4;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--3-2: 3/2;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--2-3: 2/3;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--16-9: 16/9;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--9-16: 9/16;--wp--preset--color--black: #000000;--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray: #abb8c3;--wp--preset--color--white: #ffffff;--wp--preset--color--pale-pink: #f78da7;--wp--preset--color--vivid-red: #cf2e2e;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange: #ff6900;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber: #fcb900;--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan: #7bdcb5;--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan: #00d084;--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue: #8ed1fc;--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue: #0693e3;--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple: #9b51e0;--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(6,147,227,1) 0%,rgb(155,81,224) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(122,220,180) 0%,rgb(0,208,130) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(252,185,0,1) 0%,rgba(255,105,0,1) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(255,105,0,1) 0%,rgb(207,46,46) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(238,238,238) 0%,rgb(169,184,195) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(74,234,220) 0%,rgb(151,120,209) 20%,rgb(207,42,186) 40%,rgb(238,44,130) 60%,rgb(251,105,98) 80%,rgb(254,248,76) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,206,236) 0%,rgb(152,150,240) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(254,205,165) 0%,rgb(254,45,45) 50%,rgb(107,0,62) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,203,112) 0%,rgb(199,81,192) 50%,rgb(65,88,208) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,245,203) 0%,rgb(182,227,212) 50%,rgb(51,167,181) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(202,248,128) 0%,rgb(113,206,126) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--midnight: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(2,3,129) 0%,rgb(40,116,252) 100%);--wp--preset--font-size--small: 13px;--wp--preset--font-size--medium: 20px;--wp--preset--font-size--large: 36px;--wp--preset--font-size--x-large: 42px;--wp--preset--spacing--20: 0.44rem;--wp--preset--spacing--30: 0.67rem;--wp--preset--spacing--40: 1rem;--wp--preset--spacing--50: 1.5rem;--wp--preset--spacing--60: 2.25rem;--wp--preset--spacing--70: 3.38rem;--wp--preset--spacing--80: 5.06rem;--wp--preset--shadow--natural: 6px 6px 9px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);--wp--preset--shadow--deep: 12px 12px 50px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4);--wp--preset--shadow--sharp: 6px 6px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);--wp--preset--shadow--outlined: 6px 6px 0px -3px rgba(255, 255, 255, 1), 6px 6px rgba(0, 0, 0, 1);--wp--preset--shadow--crisp: 6px 6px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 1);}:where(.is-layout-flex){gap: 0.5em;}:where(.is-layout-grid){gap: 0.5em;}body .is-layout-flex{display: flex;}.is-layout-flex{flex-wrap: wrap;align-items: center;}.is-layout-flex > :is(*, div){margin: 0;}body .is-layout-grid{display: grid;}.is-layout-grid > :is(*, div){margin: 0;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-flex){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-grid){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-flex){gap: 1.25em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-grid){gap: 1.25em;}.has-black-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-black-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-black-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red) !important;}.has-very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-cool-to-warm-spectrum-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum) !important;}.has-blush-light-purple-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple) !important;}.has-blush-bordeaux-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux) !important;}.has-luminous-dusk-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk) !important;}.has-pale-ocean-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean) !important;}.has-electric-grass-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass) !important;}.has-midnight-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--midnight) !important;}.has-small-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--small) !important;}.has-medium-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--medium) !important;}.has-large-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--large) !important;}.has-x-large-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--x-large) !important;} :where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-flex){gap: 1.25em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-grid){gap: 1.25em;} :where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-flex){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-grid){gap: 2em;} :root :where(.wp-block-pullquote){font-size: 1.5em;line-height: 1.6;} </style> <link rel='stylesheet' id='style-css' href='https://griffithobservatory.org/wp-content/themes/griffith/css/style.css?version=4511' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='wp-members-css' href='https://griffithobservatory.org/wp-content/plugins/wp-members/assets/css/forms/generic-no-float.min.css?ver=3.4.9.7' type='text/css' media='all' /> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/3.2.1/jquery.min.js" id="jquery-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/polyfill/v3/polyfill.min.js" id="polyfill-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://griffithobservatory.org/wp-content/themes/griffith/js/header.js" id="header-js"></script>   <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=GT-WKR2SZM" id="google_gtagjs-js" async></script> <script type="text/javascript" id="google_gtagjs-js-after"> /* <![CDATA[ */ window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || [];function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag("set","linker",{"domains":["griffithobservatory.org"]}); gtag("js", new Date()); gtag("set", "developer_id.dZTNiMT", true); gtag("config", "GT-WKR2SZM"); /* ]]> */ </script>  <link rel="https://api.w.org/" href="https://griffithobservatory.org/wp-json/" /><link rel="alternate" title="JSON" type="application/json" href="https://griffithobservatory.org/wp-json/wp/v2/exhibit/295" /><link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" title="RSD" href="https://griffithobservatory.org/xmlrpc.php?rsd" /> <meta name="generator" content="WordPress 6.6.2" /> <link rel='shortlink' href='https://griffithobservatory.org/?p=295' /> <meta name="generator" content="Site Kit by Google 1.139.0" /><meta name="tec-api-version" content="v1"><meta name="tec-api-origin" content="https://griffithobservatory.org"><link rel="alternate" href="https://griffithobservatory.org/wp-json/tribe/events/v1/" /> <style type="text/css" id="wp-custom-css"> #wpmem_login form#wpmem_login_form:before { content: 'Members: please see this month鈥檚 Portal Pass email for the current username and password'; } </style> <script> var isMobile = navigator.userAgent.match( /mobile/i ); if ( isMobile ) { document.getElementsByTagName( 'html' )[0].classList.add( 'mobile' ); } else if ( !isMobile ) { document.getElementsByTagName( 'html' )[0].classList.add( 'desktop' ); }; </script> </head> <body class="bkg--day--white bkg--night--black">  <noscript><iframe src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-52B5VCVC" height="0" width="0" style="display:none;visibility:hidden"></iframe></noscript>  <main id="main"> <nav class="nav width--100 bkg--white"> <form role="search" method="get" class="nav__search width--100 padding--horizontal--100 bkg--accent" action="https://griffithobservatory.org/"> <div class="width--100 padding--left--50"> <input type="search" inputmode="search" id="searchInput" class="input input--large input--search width--100" placeholder="Search Griffith Observatory" value="" name="s" /> </div> </form> <div class="nav__upper flex--row flex--end flex--align-stretch padding--horizontal--75 bkg--gray"> <ul class="nav__menu--upper flex--row flex--end flex--align-stretch"><li id="menu-item-3267" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-3267"><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://8993.blackbaudhosting.com/8993/Donations">Donate Now</a></li> <li id="menu-item-2186" class="wpmem_loginout menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-2186"><a href="https://griffithobservatory.org/support/membership/mocp/">Member Login</a></li> </ul> <button id="button--calendar" class="icon--calendar" onClick="location.href='https://griffithobservatory.org/visit/calendar/';"></button> <button id="button--search" class="icon--search active"></button> </div> <div class="nav__main flex--row flex--between flex--align-stretch mobile-flex--align-center padding--left--100 padding--right--75 bkg--white z--10"> <a href="https://griffithobservatory.org" class="nav__logo"> <img src="https://griffithobservatory.org/wp-content/themes/griffith/images/logos/logo_griffith.svg" alt="Griffith Observatory" /> </a> <div> <ul class="nav__menu flex--row flex--end flex--align-stretch"><li id="menu-item-545" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-545"><a href="https://griffithobservatory.org/visit/">Visit</a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-543" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-543"><a href="https://griffithobservatory.org/visit/getting-here/">Getting Here</a></li> <li id="menu-item-842" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-842"><a href="https://griffithobservatory.org/visit/calendar/">Calendar</a></li> <li id="menu-item-553" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-553"><a href="https://griffithobservatory.org/visit/school-programs/">School Programs</a></li> <li id="menu-item-544" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-544"><a href="https://griffithobservatory.org/visit/guidelines/">Guidelines</a></li> <li id="menu-item-542" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-542"><a href="https://griffithobservatory.org/visit/faqs/">FAQs</a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-841" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-841"><a href="https://griffithobservatory.org/explore/">Explore</a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-844" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-exhibit menu-item-844"><a href="https://griffithobservatory.org/exhibits/samuel-oschin-planetarium/">Samuel Oschin Planetarium</a></li> <li id="menu-item-8581" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-exhibit menu-item-8581"><a href="https://griffithobservatory.org/exhibits/leonard-nimoy-event-horizon-theater/">Leonard Nimoy Event Horizon Theater</a></li> <li id="menu-item-843" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-843"><a href="https://griffithobservatory.org/explore/daily-programs/">Daily Programs</a></li> <li id="menu-item-1266" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1266"><a href="https://griffithobservatory.org/explore/exhibits/">Exhibits</a></li> <li id="menu-item-1269" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1269"><a href="https://griffithobservatory.org/explore/observing-the-sky/">Observing the Sky</a></li> <li id="menu-item-1267" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1267"><a href="https://griffithobservatory.org/explore/hollywood-sign/">Hollywood Sign</a></li> <li id="menu-item-1268" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1268"><a href="https://griffithobservatory.org/explore/griffith-park/">Griffith Park</a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-806" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-806"><a href="https://griffithobservatory.org/about/">About</a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-816" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-816"><a href="https://griffithobservatory.org/about/observatory-history/">Observatory History</a></li> <li id="menu-item-817" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-817"><a href="https://griffithobservatory.org/about/griffith-observer-magazine/">Griffith Observer Magazine</a></li> <li id="menu-item-818" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-818"><a href="https://griffithobservatory.org/about/media-inquiries/">Media Inquiries</a></li> <li id="menu-item-819" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-819"><a href="https://griffithobservatory.org/about/rentals/">Rentals</a></li> <li id="menu-item-820" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-820"><a href="https://griffithobservatory.org/about/filming/">Filming</a></li> <li id="menu-item-821" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-821"><a href="https://griffithobservatory.org/about/employment/">Employment</a></li> <li id="menu-item-1288" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1288"><a href="https://griffithobservatory.org/about/department-of-recreation-and-parks/">Department of Recreation and Parks</a></li> <li id="menu-item-1292" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1292"><a href="https://griffithobservatory.org/about/city-of-los-angeles/">City of Los Angeles</a></li> <li id="menu-item-1895" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1895"><a href="https://griffithobservatory.org/about/contact/">Contact</a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-807" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-807"><a href="https://griffithobservatory.org/support/">Support</a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-811" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-811"><a href="https://griffithobservatory.org/support/membership/">Membership</a></li> <li id="menu-item-812" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-812"><a href="https://griffithobservatory.org/support/donate-legacy-giving/">Donate & Legacy Giving</a></li> <li id="menu-item-813" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-813"><a href="https://griffithobservatory.org/support/volunteer/">Volunteer</a></li> <li id="menu-item-1133" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1133"><a href="https://griffithobservatory.org/support/board-staff/">Board & Staff</a></li> <li id="menu-item-814" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-814"><a href="https://griffithobservatory.org/support/partners-supporters/">Partners & Supporters</a></li> <li id="menu-item-815" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-815"><a href="https://griffithobservatory.org/support/about-griffith-observatory-foundation/">About Griffith Observatory Foundation</a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-808" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-808"><a href="https://griffithobservatory.org/eat-shop/">Eat & Shop</a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-3253" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-3253"><a href="https://griffithobservatory.org/eat-shop/#giftshopandcafe">Caf茅 at the End of the Universe</a></li> <li id="menu-item-3254" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-3254"><a href="https://griffithobservatory.org/eat-shop/#giftshopandcafe">Stellar Emporium</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="nav__mobile-buttons"> <button id="button--calendar--nav" class="icon--calendar--nav margin--right--100" onClick="location.href='https://griffithobservatory.org/visit/calendar/';"></button> <button id="menu" class="button--menu" onClick="$( body ).toggleClass( 'nav-open' ); $( '.nav__menu--mobile > .menu-item-has-children' ).removeClass( 'dropdown-open' ); return false;"></button> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="nav__mobile bkg--white z--5"> <div class="nav__mobile-container flex--column flex--start flex--align-stretch"> <form role="search" method="get" class="nav__search--mobile width--100 padding--horizontal--100 margin--bottom--50 bkg--accent" action="https://griffithobservatory.org/"> <div class="width--100 padding--left--100"> <input type="search" inputmode="search" class="input input--large input--search width--100" placeholder="Search Griffith Observatory" value="" name="s" /> </div> </form> <ul class="nav__menu--mobile flex--grow"><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-545"><a href="https://griffithobservatory.org/visit/">Visit</a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-543"><a href="https://griffithobservatory.org/visit/getting-here/">Getting Here</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-842"><a href="https://griffithobservatory.org/visit/calendar/">Calendar</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-553"><a href="https://griffithobservatory.org/visit/school-programs/">School Programs</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-544"><a href="https://griffithobservatory.org/visit/guidelines/">Guidelines</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-542"><a href="https://griffithobservatory.org/visit/faqs/">FAQs</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-841"><a href="https://griffithobservatory.org/explore/">Explore</a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-exhibit menu-item-844"><a href="https://griffithobservatory.org/exhibits/samuel-oschin-planetarium/">Samuel Oschin Planetarium</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-exhibit menu-item-8581"><a href="https://griffithobservatory.org/exhibits/leonard-nimoy-event-horizon-theater/">Leonard Nimoy Event Horizon Theater</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-843"><a href="https://griffithobservatory.org/explore/daily-programs/">Daily Programs</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1266"><a href="https://griffithobservatory.org/explore/exhibits/">Exhibits</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1269"><a href="https://griffithobservatory.org/explore/observing-the-sky/">Observing the Sky</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1267"><a href="https://griffithobservatory.org/explore/hollywood-sign/">Hollywood Sign</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1268"><a href="https://griffithobservatory.org/explore/griffith-park/">Griffith Park</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-806"><a href="https://griffithobservatory.org/about/">About</a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-816"><a href="https://griffithobservatory.org/about/observatory-history/">Observatory History</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-817"><a href="https://griffithobservatory.org/about/griffith-observer-magazine/">Griffith Observer Magazine</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-818"><a href="https://griffithobservatory.org/about/media-inquiries/">Media Inquiries</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-819"><a href="https://griffithobservatory.org/about/rentals/">Rentals</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-820"><a href="https://griffithobservatory.org/about/filming/">Filming</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-821"><a href="https://griffithobservatory.org/about/employment/">Employment</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1288"><a href="https://griffithobservatory.org/about/department-of-recreation-and-parks/">Department of Recreation and Parks</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1292"><a href="https://griffithobservatory.org/about/city-of-los-angeles/">City of Los Angeles</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1895"><a href="https://griffithobservatory.org/about/contact/">Contact</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-807"><a href="https://griffithobservatory.org/support/">Support</a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-811"><a href="https://griffithobservatory.org/support/membership/">Membership</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-812"><a href="https://griffithobservatory.org/support/donate-legacy-giving/">Donate & Legacy Giving</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-813"><a href="https://griffithobservatory.org/support/volunteer/">Volunteer</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1133"><a href="https://griffithobservatory.org/support/board-staff/">Board & Staff</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-814"><a href="https://griffithobservatory.org/support/partners-supporters/">Partners & Supporters</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-815"><a href="https://griffithobservatory.org/support/about-griffith-observatory-foundation/">About Griffith Observatory Foundation</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-808"><a href="https://griffithobservatory.org/eat-shop/">Eat & Shop</a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-3253"><a href="https://griffithobservatory.org/eat-shop/#giftshopandcafe">Caf茅 at the End of the Universe</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-3254"><a href="https://griffithobservatory.org/eat-shop/#giftshopandcafe">Stellar Emporium</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> <div class="margin--top--50 bkg--gray"> <ul class="nav__menu--upper--mobile padding--100"><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-3267"><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://8993.blackbaudhosting.com/8993/Donations">Donate Now</a></li> <li class="wpmem_loginout menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-2186"><a href="https://griffithobservatory.org/support/membership/mocp/">Member Login</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <article> <header class="hero hero--interior flex--column flex--start flex--align-stretch padding--bottom--200 bkg--black overflow--hidden"> <div class="flex--shrink--0 padding--horizontal--25 padding--top--25 z--5"> <div class="padding--horizontal--75 padding--vertical--25 border--bottom--1 border--day--black border--night--white"> <div class="subhead text--white text--shadow">  <span property="itemListElement" typeof="ListItem"><a property="item" typeof="WebPage" title="Go to Explore." href="https://griffithobservatory.org/explore/" class="post post-page" ><span property="name">Explore</span></a><meta property="position" content="1"></span> – <span property="itemListElement" typeof="ListItem"><a property="item" typeof="WebPage" title="Go to Exhibits." href="https://griffithobservatory.org/explore/exhibits/" class="exhibit-root post post-exhibit" ><span property="name">Exhibits</span></a><meta property="position" content="2"></span> – <span property="itemListElement" typeof="ListItem"><a property="item" typeof="WebPage" title="Go to Telescopes." href="https://griffithobservatory.org/exhibits/telescopes/" class="post post-exhibit" ><span property="name">Telescopes</span></a><meta property="position" content="3"></span> – <span property="itemListElement" typeof="ListItem"><span property="name" class="post post-exhibit current-item">Coelostat & Solar Telescopes</span><meta property="url" content="https://griffithobservatory.org/exhibits/telescopes/coelostat-solar-telescopes/"><meta property="position" content="4"></span> </div> </div> </div> <div class="flex--grow flex--column flex--end flex--align-stretch padding--horizontal--100 padding--top--100 z--5"> <div class="padding--top--50 width--60 landscape-width--65 mobile-width--100"> <h1 class="text--white text--shadow ">Coelostat & Solar Telescopes</h1> </div> </div> <div class="hero--accent z--2"></div> <div class="fill opacity--90 z--1"> <img src="https://griffithobservatory.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/DSC02616-1600x800.jpg" alt="" class="fit fit--bottom--interior" data-object-fit="cover" data-object-position="center 75%" /> </div> </header> <section class="content edge padding--horizontal--25"> <div class="flex--row flex--start flex--align-stretch mobile-flex--column bkg--day--white bkg--night--black border--top--1 border--bottom--1 border--day--black border--night--white"> <div class="flex--grow padding--75 border--day--black border--night--white order--1 border--right--1 mobile-order--1 mobile-border--right--0 mobile-border--left--0 mobile-border--bottom--1"> <div class="text--day--black text--night--white"> <div> <p>Griffith Observatory’s three solar telescopes bring the Sun directly to visitors in the west rotunda of the <a href="https://griffithobservatory.org/exhibits/ahmanson-hall-of-the-sky/">Ahmanson Hall of the Sky</a>. On clear days, each of these telescopes provides a different real-time view of our local star, including sunspots and solar flares. The three beams of sunlight for the telescopes are focused into the rotunda by a triple-mirrored tracking device called a coelostat (Greek for ‘sky-stopper’), which is located above in the western dome of the building. The solar telescopes operate only during clear daytime hours.</p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="width--40 landscape-width--35 mobile-width--100 flex--shrink--0 order--2 mobile-order--2 mobile-padding--bottom--400"> <div class="image--day fill"> <img src="https://griffithobservatory.org/wp-content/themes/griffith/images/accents/accent_hori.png" class="fit" data-object-fit /> </div> <div class="image--night fill"> <img src="https://griffithobservatory.org/wp-content/themes/griffith/images/accents/accent_hori--white.png" class="fit" data-object-fit /> </div> </div> </div> </section> <section class="content edge padding--horizontal--25"> <div class="padding--100 mobile-padding--75 bkg--day--white bkg--night--black border--top--1 border--bottom--1 border--day--black border--night--white"> <div class="column padding--vertical--25 mobile-padding--vertical--0 text--day--black text--night--white"> <p>A coelostat is one option used in solar observatories when moving a small tracking mirror is preferable to moving a large telescope attached to heavy equipment. Designed by Russell W. Porter, famed for his intricate cut away illustrations of the workings of the 200-inch Hale Telescope, Griffith Observatory鈥檚 coelostat solves the problem of feeding three different telescopes with sunlight, while delivering their images to three fixed displays in the west rotunda of the museum. The incoming light bounces off from one of three tracking mirrors, and is bounced up to one of three mirrors that are each aimed into three different instruments. The center beam passes through a telescope and a projecting lens, to another mirror, and displays the sun and its spots as a 21-inch wide image on a ground glass screen. The northern beam bounces into a spectroscope located in a pit beneath the museum floor, and back up to an eyepiece, through which a detailed view of the sun鈥檚 spectrum is visible. The southern beam reflects into a kind of telescope called a hydrogen-alpha filter. By looking through an eyepiece, the visitor will see that all but one specific shade of red has been filtered out. The sun鈥檚 energy is harmless at that wavelength, and the fluorescent hydrogen visible through it makes the turbulent plasma of the sun鈥檚 outer layer, the chromosphere, dramatically visible.</p> <p>The coelostat instrumentation in the dome and three telescopes housed in the rotunda remain essentially unchanged by the renovation and expansion project, other than new motors for the dome, new electrical service, and restoration of the telescope bronze and optics. A new station in the gallery receives live signals from each of the telescopes to provide an equivalent observing experience for those unable to climb the stairs to the rotunda where the telescopes are mounted.</p> </div> </div> </section> <section class="padding--horizontal--25 edge"> <div class="flex--row flex--between flex--align-stretch mobile-flex--column mobile-flex--start bkg--day--white bkg--night--black border--top--1 border--bottom--1 border--day--black border--night--white"> <div class="width--30 mobile-width--100 flex--shrink--0 flex--column flex--start flex--align-stretch "> <div class="sidebar sticky flex--shrink--0 padding--75 bkg--day--black bkg--night--white z--5"> <ul class="sidebar__menu text--day--white text--night--black"> <li> <a href="#telescopes">The Solar Telescopes</a> </li> <li> <a href="#dome">The Dome and Coelostat</a> </li> <li> <a href="#whitelight">The White Light Image</a> </li> <li> <a href="#spectroscope">The Spectroscope</a> </li> <li> <a href="#spectrohelioscope">The Spectrohelioscope</a> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="flex--grow"> <div class="image--day fill"> <img src="https://griffithobservatory.org/wp-content/themes/griffith/images/accents/accent_vert.png" class="fit fit--right" data-object-fit="cover" data-object-position="75% center" /> </div> <div class="image--night fill"> <img src="https://griffithobservatory.org/wp-content/themes/griffith/images/accents/accent_vert--white.png" class="fit fit--right" data-object-fit="cover" data-object-position="75% center" /> </div> </div> </div> <div class="content flex--grow padding--horizontal--50 padding--bottom--100 mobile-padding--horizontal--25 mobile-padding--bottom--75 border--left--1 border--day--black border--night--white text--day--black text--night--white"> <div id="telescopes" class="scrollblock padding--horizontal--50 padding--top--100 mobile-padding--top--75"> <h2>The Solar Telescopes</h2> <div class="margin--top--10"> <img fetchpriority="high" decoding="async" width="730" height="1038" class="size-full wp-image-1700 alignright" src="https://griffithobservatory.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/celostat_following_the_sun_graphic1.jpg" alt="" /> <p>The west end of the <a href="https://griffithobservatory.org/exhibits/ahmanson-hall-of-the-sky/">Ahmanson Hall of the Sky</a> is in the form of a rotunda which houses the three solar telescopes. On clear days, these provide the visitor views of different aspects of the sun. These are actual, live images that are brought in to the museum from a tracking device called a coelostat that is housed in the western dome of the building. Let’s take a closer look at the coelostat and the solar telescopes.</p> </div> </div> <div id="dome" class="scrollblock padding--horizontal--50 padding--top--100 mobile-padding--top--75"> <h2>The Dome and Coelostat</h2> <div class="margin--top--10"> <img decoding="async" class="aligncenter" src="https://griffithobservatory.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/coelostat_20151022_001-scaled.jpg" /> <p>The 30-foot (9.1-m) diameter copper-sheathed dome on the west end of the building has shutters that open 8 feet (2.5 m) wide to admit light. The opening is moved as needed by turning the entire dome on tracks.</p> <p>Light passing through the dome opening falls on three 13-inch (33-cm) diameter flat mirrors of the coelostat (Greek for “sky-stopper”). Coelostats are often used in solar observatories where moving small tracking mirrors is preferable to moving large telescopes attached to heavy equipment. The mirrors of the coelostat are aligned with a polar axis and turned at the rate necessary to keep the reflected image of the apparently moving sun stationary (half the rotation rate of the earth). Each of the mirrors sends a reflection to another flat 13-inch stationary relay mirror mounted on a tower which in turn reflects the sun’s image into one of the three stationary telescopes within the rotunda below.</p> <p>Each telescope serves a different function.</p> </div> </div> <div id="whitelight" class="scrollblock padding--horizontal--50 padding--top--100 mobile-padding--top--75"> <h2>The White Light Image</h2> <div class="margin--top--10"> <p><img decoding="async" width="1767" height="2500" class="size-full wp-image-1702 alignright" src="https://griffithobservatory.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/360_1_WR_SP_02.jpg" alt="" srcset="https://griffithobservatory.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/360_1_WR_SP_02.jpg 1767w, https://griffithobservatory.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/360_1_WR_SP_02-848x1200.jpg 848w, https://griffithobservatory.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/360_1_WR_SP_02-1131x1600.jpg 1131w, https://griffithobservatory.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/360_1_WR_SP_02-768x1087.jpg 768w, https://griffithobservatory.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/360_1_WR_SP_02-1086x1536.jpg 1086w, https://griffithobservatory.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/360_1_WR_SP_02-1448x2048.jpg 1448w" sizes="(max-width: 1767px) 100vw, 1767px" />The center set of mirrors reflects light to an 8-inch (20-cm) diameter refracting telescope of 10 feet (3-m) focal length mounted vertically in the upper floors of the central portion of the solar telescope rotunda. The image passes through a projector lens, reflected off a tilted 17-inch (43-cm) diameter flat mirror, and is focused onto a ground glass rear-projection screen from which it is visible from the museum as a 21-inch (53-cm) diameter disk, allowing many visitors to view sunspots simultaneously. Learn more about the <a href="https://griffithobservatory.org/exhibits/ahmanson-hall-of-the-sky/live-image-of-the-sun/">Live Image of the Sun</a>.</p> </div> </div> <div id="spectroscope" class="scrollblock padding--horizontal--50 padding--top--100 mobile-padding--top--75"> <h2>The Spectroscope</h2> <div class="margin--top--10"> <p><a href="https://griffithobservatory.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/how_does_it_work_north_graphic1.jpg"><img decoding="async" class="alignleft" src="https://griffithobservatory.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/how_does_it_work_north_graphic1.jpg" /></a>An eight inch (20-cm) objective lens of 30-feet (9.1-m) focal length receives light from the northernmost coelostat mirror and focuses the sun’s image onto a brass slit at the north side of the rotunda’s museum level. A narrow ribbon of light admitted through the slit passes nearly 20-feet (5-m) underground, passing though a collimating lens (known as a Littrow lens) which is located about a foot (30-cm)above a reflection grating on which are ruled more than 15,240 parallel grooves per inch (600 lines per millimeter). The diffracted light produces a spectrum that is reflected back up through the Littrow lens, and is brought to focus by an eyepiece on the museum level, through which the visitor can observe a detailed view the dark Fraunhofer absorption lines, revealing the presence and identities of the various elements comprising the outer regions of the sun. By pushing a button near the eyepiece, the visitor may scan most of the visible spectrum. A wall mounted transparency allows identification of many of the spectral features seen through the eyepiece. Learn more about <a href="https://griffithobservatory.org/exhibits/ahmanson-hall-of-the-sky/spectroscope/">the Spectroscope</a>.</p> </div> </div> <div id="spectrohelioscope" class="scrollblock padding--horizontal--50 padding--top--100 mobile-padding--top--75"> <h2>The Spectrohelioscope</h2> <div class="margin--top--10"> <p><img decoding="async" width="1677" height="2500" class="size-full wp-image-1705 alignright" src="https://griffithobservatory.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/359_WR_HA_03.jpg" alt="" srcset="https://griffithobservatory.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/359_WR_HA_03.jpg 1677w, https://griffithobservatory.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/359_WR_HA_03-805x1200.jpg 805w, https://griffithobservatory.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/359_WR_HA_03-1073x1600.jpg 1073w, https://griffithobservatory.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/359_WR_HA_03-768x1145.jpg 768w, https://griffithobservatory.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/359_WR_HA_03-1030x1536.jpg 1030w, https://griffithobservatory.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/359_WR_HA_03-1374x2048.jpg 1374w" sizes="(max-width: 1677px) 100vw, 1677px" />The southernmost coelostat mirror sends the sun’s light to a small folded refracting telescope contained within the display case on the museum floor. Before reaching the eyepiece, the image passes through an interference filter to isolate the precise red spectral wavelength produced by fluorescent hydrogen gas in the outer layer of the sun’s disk known as the chromosphere. This “hydrogen-alpha” wavelength corresponds to the same frequency that is absorbed by hydrogen atoms deeper within in the sun. By restricting the view to only the hydrogen alpha portion of the spectrum, the blinding light of the disk is hidden by being absorbed by atoms in the bright incandescent disk of the sun the photosphere), and only light produced by the fluorescent atoms in the sun’s lower pressure outer layer (the chromosphere) are visible. It is this layer that is torn and twisted by the turbulent magnetic fields surrounding sunspots and flares, often permitting spectacular eruptions to be observed through the eyepiece of the spectrohelioscope.</p> <p>The solar telescopes operate only during clear daytime hours. In addition to the three solar telescopes, the rotunda that houses them is illustrated with spectacular photographs of the sun taken by the great solar observatories on earth and in space. Learn more about <a href="https://griffithobservatory.org/exhibits/ahmanson-hall-of-the-sky/spectrohelioscope/">the Spectrohelioscope</a>.</p> <p>For recent photographs of the sun’s surface, visit the Big Bear Solar Observatory’s <a href="https://www.bbso.njit.edu/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Daily Images page</a>.</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> <section class="content edge padding--horizontal--25"> <div class="padding--100 mobile-padding--75 bkg--day--white bkg--night--black border--top--1 border--bottom--1 border--day--black border--night--white"> <div class="column padding--vertical--25 mobile-padding--vertical--0 text--day--black text--night--white"> <h2>Historical Notes</h2> <p>The idea of including coelostat in Griffith Observatory so that the public could view a projection of the sun’s disk and a direct view of the sun’s spectrum could be viewed was that of the Observatory’s donor, Col. Griffith J. Griffith (1850 – 1919) – presumably after visiting Mt. Wilson Observatory (ca. 1910). Less than a decade after Griffith’s death in 1919, the founder of Mt. Wilson Observatory, George Ellery Hale (1868 – 1938), invented a device – the spectrohelioscope- for viewing the eruptions in the outer layers of the sun that previously could only be observed in the fleeting moments of total solar eclipses. The spectrohelioscope was added as a feature when plans for the observatory began to drawn up by Hale and his scientific colleagues when approached for help by Griffith’s trust committee in 1930.</p> <p> </p> <img decoding="async" src="https://griffithobservatory.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/publicastronLA_20191021_045-scaled.jpg" /> <p> </p> <img decoding="async" class="alignright" src="https://griffithobservatory.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/publicastronLA_20191021_055-scaled.jpg" /> <p>The challenging task of creating a coelostat to feed the three separate telescopes fell to Russell W. Porter (1871 – 1949), one of the important founders of the hobby of telescope making, and an important instrument designer, architect, and illustrator connected with the 200-inch telescope project started by Hale in 1928. Porter’s 1931 concept for Griffith Observatory resulted in both the moving tracking mirrors and the relay mirrors being mounted in parallel on separate polar axes, an innovation that subsequently affected the designs of coelostats at Caltech’s Astrophysical Laboratory and at the McMath-Hulbert solar observatory at the University of Michigan. The detailed working drawings of Griffith’s coelostat were made by E.C.Nichols of Mt. Wilson Observatory, and the device was fabricated by the Gaertner Scientific Co. of Chicago in 1935. As is true of the general layout of Griffith Observatory and many of its architectural features, the original concepts for the rotunda of the solar telescope were developed by Porter and his colleagues at Caltech and followed by the architectural consortium of John C. Austin and Fredrick M. Ashley.</p> <p>While the purposes of the solar telescopes are the same today as they were in 1935, there have been some interesting variations and additions to their use since they were first installed.</p> <p>From the late 1930s and until World War II, it was decided that the central telescope of the coelostat would be used for moon viewing at night. After sunset on evenings when the moon was visible, the hinged frame of the solar projection screen was opened and an enormous eyepiece was aimed through the opening so that the moon could be viewed from the rotunda, freeing the 12-inch Zeiss telescope in the east dome for observing other celestial objects.</p> <img decoding="async" class="aligncenter" src="https://griffithobservatory.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/hgop_023-scaled.jpg" /> <p>In the 1940s a 5X7-inch camera was added to the room above the museum ceiling so that light can be diverted from the spectroscope objective to photograph the entire solar disc. This camera was used by the Observatory’s staff to photograph sunspots, solar eclipses, and other solar events though 2001.</p> <p>The Hale spectrohelioscope was originally installed in a 12-foot-deep pit under the south side of the rotunda, and used a simple 8-inch (20-cm) objective of 18-feet (5.5-m) focal length in the middle story of the building. Using whirling prisms the device depended on the persistence of vision to give the illusion of a continuous image. An improved spectrohelioscope using optical interference was installed in the 1950s, and in turn the filter and telescope was replaced in the 1980s by a compact and efficient commercial Daystar interference filter and a 40-mm refractor lens, all contained within the exhibit on the museum floor.</p> <p>As part of the Observatory’s Renovation and Expansion, two small telescopes and television cameras were added to the southern beam of the coelostat. These provide live televised images to a wheelchair accessible station in the <a href="https://griffithobservatory.org/exhibits/ahmanson-hall-of-the-sky/">Ahmanson Hall of the Sky</a>.</p> </div> </div> </section> </article> <footer> <div class="flex--row flex--between flex--align-center mobile-flex--column mobile-flex--start mobile-flex--align-stretch padding--vertical--50 padding--horizontal--100 mobile-padding--vertical--100 bkg--gray"> <ul class="footer__menu flex--row flex--start flex--align-center mobile-flex--column mobile-flex--align-stretch"><li id="menu-item-1785" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1785"><a href="https://griffithobservatory.org/visit/">Visit</a></li> <li id="menu-item-1786" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1786"><a href="https://griffithobservatory.org/explore/">Explore</a></li> <li id="menu-item-1787" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1787"><a href="https://griffithobservatory.org/about/">About</a></li> <li id="menu-item-1788" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1788"><a href="https://griffithobservatory.org/support/">Support</a></li> <li id="menu-item-1789" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1789"><a href="https://griffithobservatory.org/eat-shop/">Eat & Shop</a></li> </ul> <ul class="footer__social flex--row flex--end flex--align-center mobile-flex--start mobile-padding--top--100"> <li> <a href="https://www.instagram.com/griffithobservatory/" target="_blank" rel="noopener" class="icon--social"> <svg version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 15.8 15.8" style="enable-background:new 0 0 15.8 15.8;" xml:space="preserve"> <title>Instagram</title> <path d="M7.9,3.8c0.7,0,1.4,0.2,2,0.5s1.1,0.9,1.5,1.5s0.5,1.3,0.5,2s-0.2,1.4-0.5,2 s-0.9,1.1-1.5,1.5s-1.3,0.5-2,0.5s-1.4-0.2-2-0.5s-1.1-0.9-1.5-1.5s-0.5-1.3-0.5-2s0.2-1.4,0.5-2s0.9-1.1,1.5-1.5S7.1,3.8,7.9,3.8z M7.9,10.5c0.7,0,1.3-0.3,1.9-0.8s0.8-1.1,0.8-1.9S10.3,6.5,9.7,6S8.6,5.2,7.9,5.2S6.5,5.5,6,6S5.2,7.1,5.2,7.9S5.5,9.2,6,9.7 S7.1,10.5,7.9,10.5z M13,3.7c0,0.3-0.1,0.5-0.3,0.7s-0.4,0.3-0.7,0.3s-0.5-0.1-0.7-0.3s-0.3-0.4-0.3-0.7s0.1-0.5,0.3-0.7 s0.4-0.3,0.7-0.3s0.5,0.1,0.7,0.3S13,3.4,13,3.7z M15.7,4.6c0,0.7,0,1.7,0,3.3s0,2.6-0.1,3.3s-0.1,1.2-0.3,1.7 c-0.2,0.6-0.5,1.1-1,1.5s-0.9,0.8-1.5,1c-0.5,0.2-1.1,0.3-1.7,0.3s-1.8,0.1-3.3,0.1s-2.6,0-3.3-0.1s-1.2-0.1-1.7-0.3 c-0.6-0.2-1.1-0.5-1.5-0.9s-0.8-0.9-1-1.5c-0.2-0.5-0.3-1.1-0.3-1.7S0,9.4,0,7.9s0-2.6,0.1-3.3s0.1-1.2,0.3-1.7 c0.2-0.6,0.5-1.1,1-1.5s0.9-0.8,1.5-1c0.5-0.2,1.1-0.3,1.7-0.3S6.4,0,7.9,0s2.6,0,3.3,0.1s1.2,0.1,1.7,0.3c0.6,0.2,1.1,0.5,1.5,1 s0.8,0.9,1,1.5C15.6,3.3,15.7,3.9,15.7,4.6z M14,12.5c0.1-0.4,0.2-1,0.3-1.9c0-0.5,0-1.2,0-2.2V7.3c0-1,0-1.7,0-2.2 c0-0.9-0.1-1.5-0.3-1.9c-0.3-0.7-0.8-1.2-1.5-1.5c-0.4-0.1-1-0.2-1.9-0.3c-0.5,0-1.2,0-2.2,0H7.3c-0.9,0-1.7,0-2.2,0 c-0.9,0-1.5,0.1-1.9,0.3C2.5,2,2,2.5,1.7,3.2c-0.1,0.4-0.2,1-0.3,1.9c0,0.5,0,1.2,0,2.2v1.1c0,0.9,0,1.7,0,2.2 c0,0.9,0.1,1.5,0.3,1.9C2,13.2,2.5,13.7,3.2,14c0.4,0.1,1,0.2,1.9,0.3c0.5,0,1.2,0,2.2,0h1.1c1,0,1.7,0,2.2,0c0.9,0,1.5-0.1,1.9-0.3 C13.2,13.7,13.7,13.2,14,12.5z"/> </svg> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.facebook.com/GriffithObservatory/" target="_blank" rel="noopener" class="icon--social"> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 10.3 21.5" style="enable-background:new 0 0 10.3 21.5;" xml:space="preserve"> <title>Facebook</title> <path d="M10.3,6.9H6.8V4.7c0-0.8,0.6-1,1-1h2.4V0H6.8C3.1,0,2.2,2.8,2.2,4.5V7H0v3.7h2.2v10.8h4.5V10.7 h3.1L10.3,6.9z"/> </svg> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.youtube.com/user/GriffithObservatory" target="_blank" rel="noopener" class="icon--social"> <svg version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 33.5 23.3" style="enable-background:new 0 0 33.5 23.3;" xml:space="preserve"> <title>YouTube</title> <path d="M16.8,0C12.9,0,7.2,0.2,5.4,0.3C3.6,0.5,2.9,0.6,1.9,1.5C0.3,2.8,0,5.6,0,9.7v4 c0,4.7,0.6,7.2,1.7,8c1.2,1,2,1.1,2.8,1.2c0.3,0,2.5,0.4,12.3,0.4c6.1,0,11.3-0.3,11.9-0.4c0.9-0.1,2.1-0.3,3.1-1.3 c1.4-1.6,1.7-4.2,1.7-8V9.1c0-2.5-0.1-5.9-1.7-7.4c-1.2-1-1.6-1.3-4-1.4C26.9,0.3,21,0,16.8,0z M13.2,7.1l9,4.6l-9,4.7V7.1z"/> </svg> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://livestream.com/griffithobservatorytv" target="_blank" rel="noopener" class="icon--social"> <svg version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 461.1 341.9" style="enable-background:new 0 0 461.1 341.9;" xml:space="preserve"> <title>Livestream</title> <path d="M0,0.1c12.5,0,24.2-0.3,35.9,0.1c22.6,0.6,45.2,1.3,67.7,2.5c27.7,1.5,55.3,4.1,82.4,10.6c43.6,10.3,73.6,36.4,91.7,77.1 c14.5,32.6,23.5,67,31.9,101.5c7,28.9,13.9,57.8,21.2,86.5c1.7,6.6,5.1,12.8,7.8,19.4c-1.1,0-2.8,0-4.6,0 c-40.9,0-81.8-0.1-122.7,0.1c-10.5,0-19.6-3.1-27.7-9.4c-13.1-10.2-22.6-23.4-31.4-37.1c-20.5-32.4-36.1-67.2-52.5-101.7 C82.9,114,66.8,78.1,45.4,44.9c-4.4-6.8-9.2-13.5-14.3-19.8C22.7,14.8,13.3,5.5,0,0.1z"/> <path d="M360.2,61c14.7,0,30,0,45.3,0c5.3,0,8.4,3.6,9.9,7.9c3.4,9.8,7.1,19.7,8.9,29.9c6.1,33.8,7.5,68,8.3,102.2 c0.5,24.1,0.7,48.2,1.1,72.3c0,3,0.4,6,0.9,8.9c1.9,10.5,7.8,15.4,18.6,15.6c2.5,0,5,0,7.8,0c0,14.3,0,28.7,0,43.7 c-10.2,0-20.6,1.2-30.6-0.2c-30-4.2-44.8-21.8-46.2-55.1c-1-22.9-0.3-45.9-0.9-68.8c-1-39.7-1.9-79.4-8.8-118.6 c-1.4-8.1-3.6-16.2-6.3-24C366.5,69.9,363.1,65.7,360.2,61z"/> </svg> </a> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="padding--100 bkg--day--black bkg--night--white"> <div class="flex--row flex--between flex--align-start mobile-flex--column mobile-flex--start mobile-flex--align-stretch padding--bottom--100 margin--bottom--100 border--bottom--1 border--day--white border--night--black"> <div class="flex--shrink--0 width--40 mobile-width--100"> <div class="text--day--white text--night--black p--small"> <p>Stay up to date with Griffith Observatory by subscribing to newsletters from Griffith Observatory Foundation.</p> </div> <div class="padding--top--25 mobile-padding--top--50"> <a href="https://lp.constantcontactpages.com/su/dXzTdg4" class="button mobile-width--100" target="_blank">Sign Up Now</a> </div> </div> <div class="margin--left--100 mobile-margin--left--0 mobile-margin--top--100 flex--row flex--start flex--align-start mobile-flex--column mobile-flex--align-stretch"> <div class="text--day--white text--night--black p--small"> <p>Griffith Observatory is owned and operated as a public service by the City of Los Angeles, Department of Recreation and Parks. You can support the Observatory鈥檚 programs by donating to Griffith Observatory Foundation.</p> </div> <ul class="footer__sidebar flex--shrink--0 margin--left--50 margin--top--5 mobile-margin--left--0 mobile-margin--top--50 flex--column flex--start flex--align-stretch mobile-flex--row"> <li> <a href="https://8993.blackbaudhosting.com/8993/Donations" target="_blank">Donate Now</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://griffithobservatory.org/support/" target="_self">Support</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="flex--row flex--between flex--align-center mobile-flex--column mobile-flex--start mobile-flex--align-stretch"> <ul class="footer__lower flex--shrink--0 margin--right--100 flex--row flex--start flex--align-center"><li id="menu-item-1894" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1894"><a href="https://griffithobservatory.org/about/contact/">Contact</a></li> <li id="menu-item-993" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-993"><a href="https://griffithobservatory.org/about/media-inquiries/">Media</a></li> <li id="menu-item-994" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-994"><a href="https://griffithobservatory.org/visit/faqs/">FAQs</a></li> </ul> <div class="mobile-margin--top--100 text--day--white text--night--black p--smallest"> <p>The City of Los Angeles is an equal opportunity employer. As a covered entity under Title II of the Americans with Disabilities Act, 1990 (ADA), the City of Los Angeles does not discriminate on the basis of disability and, upon request, will provide reasonable accommodation to ensure equal access to its programs, services, and activities.</p> </div> <ul class="footer__logos flex--shrink--0 margin--left--100 mobile-margin--left--0 flex--row flex--end flex--align-start mobile-flex--between mobile-padding--top--100"> <li class="footer__logos__logo"> <a href="https://lacity.gov/" target="_blank" rel="noopener" class="footer__logos__logo"> <img src="https://griffithobservatory.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/logo_la.png" alt="City of Los Angeles logo" /> </a> </li> <li class="flex--self-center"> <a href="https://www.laparks.org/" target="_blank" rel="noopener" class="footer__logos__logo footer__logos__logo--medium"> <svg id="Layer_1" data-name="Layer 1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" viewBox="0 0 321.38 167.64" xml:space="preserve"> <title>City of Los Angeles Department of Recreation and Parks</title> <defs> <style> .cls-1{fill:none;}.cls-2{clip-path:url(#clip-path);}.cls-3{fill:#e86749;}</style> <clipPath id="clip-path"> <rect class="cls-1" width="321.38" height="167.64"/> </clipPath> </defs> <g class="cls-2"> <path class="cls-3" d="M321,110.55l-27.1-65c-1.73-3.9-4.55-7.08-8.45-8.43a12.55,12.55,0,0,0-4.28-.7,13.43,13.43,0,0,0-4.28.7c-3.9,1.35-6.72,4.54-8.46,8.44-3,7.36-23.67,57.27-23.68,57.28a8.92,8.92,0,0,1-8.19,5.44H17.83a8.92,8.92,0,0,1-8.9-8.92h0V40.85a4.47,4.47,0,0,0-8.93,0H0v58a17.86,17.86,0,0,0,17.85,17.86H236.57a17.87,17.87,0,0,0,16.49-11s3.88-9.33,8.53-20.48h39.24l12,28.72a4.46,4.46,0,0,0,8.24-3.44M265.12,76.79C270.34,64.27,277,48.34,277,48.27a5.82,5.82,0,0,1,.49-1,4.3,4.3,0,0,1,7.44,0,5.82,5.82,0,0,1,.49,1L297.3,76.79H265.12"/> <path class="cls-3" d="M67.72,133.71H198.57a3.7,3.7,0,0,0,3-1.58c1.16-1.64,2.26-3.31,3.3-5a1.23,1.23,0,0,0-1.05-1.87H62.44a1.23,1.23,0,0,0-1,1.87c1,1.72,2.14,3.39,3.3,5a3.7,3.7,0,0,0,3,1.58"/> <path class="cls-3" d="M85.2,150.67h95.89a7.43,7.43,0,0,0,4.65-1.64q2.89-2.34,5.57-4.93a1.11,1.11,0,0,0-.77-1.91H75.75A1.12,1.12,0,0,0,75,144.1q2.69,2.6,5.58,4.93a7.43,7.43,0,0,0,4.65,1.64"/> <path class="cls-3" d="M133.14,167.64a83.33,83.33,0,0,0,32.41-6.53,1,1,0,0,0-.4-2h-64a1,1,0,0,0-.4,2,83.28,83.28,0,0,0,32.4,6.53"/> <path class="cls-3" d="M217,82.82a83.81,83.81,0,0,0-167.61,0c0,.33,0,.66,0,1,0,2.52.11,5,.33,7.48s.53,4.73.93,7a1.75,1.75,0,0,0,1.73,1.43h5.75a1.22,1.22,0,0,0,1.2-1.47q-.68-3.45-1-7c-.24-2.46-.38-5-.38-7.48,0-.34,0-.67,0-1a75.27,75.27,0,0,1,150.53,0c0,.33,0,.66,0,1A74,74,0,0,1,208,91.3q-.34,3.56-1,7a1.22,1.22,0,0,0,1.2,1.47H214a1.73,1.73,0,0,0,1.72-1.43q.62-3.48.93-7c.22-2.46.34-5,.34-7.48,0-.34,0-.67,0-1"/> <path class="cls-3" d="M94,58.48H93a.49.49,0,0,0-.49.49v7.87a.49.49,0,0,1-.49.49H87.67a.49.49,0,0,1-.5-.49V44.05a.5.5,0,0,1,.5-.5H96.6c4.69,0,7.71,3.22,7.71,7.45a6.8,6.8,0,0,1-4.19,6.51.49.49,0,0,0-.26.68l4.22,8.42a.49.49,0,0,1-.44.72H98.92a.51.51,0,0,1-.45-.28l-4-8.29a.47.47,0,0,0-.44-.28m1.55-4.56c2.18,0,3.35-1.21,3.35-2.89s-1.17-2.88-3.35-2.88H93a.49.49,0,0,0-.49.49v4.78a.5.5,0,0,0,.49.5Z"/> <path class="cls-3" d="M108.54,66.83V44.05a.49.49,0,0,1,.49-.5H123.1a.49.49,0,0,1,.49.5v4a.49.49,0,0,1-.49.49h-8.77a.49.49,0,0,0-.49.49v3.54a.49.49,0,0,0,.49.5h7.87a.49.49,0,0,1,.49.49v3.67a.49.49,0,0,1-.49.5h-7.87a.49.49,0,0,0-.49.49V61.8a.49.49,0,0,0,.49.5h8.8a.49.49,0,0,1,.5.49v4a.5.5,0,0,1-.5.5H109a.49.49,0,0,1-.49-.5"/> <path class="cls-3" d="M126.81,55.49a12.1,12.1,0,0,1,12.27-12.44c6.83,0,10,4.2,10.95,7.56a.49.49,0,0,1-.33.6l-4.07,1.28a.49.49,0,0,1-.61-.32c-.53-1.65-2.13-4-5.94-4-3.19,0-6.77,2.28-6.77,7.28a6.72,6.72,0,0,0,6.84,7,6.07,6.07,0,0,0,6.1-4,.48.48,0,0,1,.59-.3L150,59.38a.48.48,0,0,1,.34.6c-.95,3.28-4.14,7.85-11.17,7.85a12,12,0,0,1-12.34-12.34"/> <path class="cls-3" d="M171.53,65.38a.5.5,0,0,0-.71,0A8.48,8.48,0,0,1,165,67.8c-4.7,0-7.35-3.25-7.35-6.54,0-2.92,1.51-4.63,4.06-6.47l-.34-.37c-1.14-1.24-2.48-2.92-2.48-5.06,0-4.06,3.42-6.31,6.74-6.31,3.93,0,6.81,2.52,6.81,6.1,0,2.39-1.61,4.2-3.35,5.47l-.77.57,2.83,3a.49.49,0,0,0,.71,0l5.13-5.24a.49.49,0,0,1,.85.34v4.83a.48.48,0,0,1-.14.34l-2.88,2.91a.49.49,0,0,0,0,.68L179,66.5a.49.49,0,0,1-.36.83h-5.08a.52.52,0,0,1-.36-.16Zm-3.67-3.16a.5.5,0,0,0,0-.71l-3.36-3.6-.16.13a3.57,3.57,0,0,0-1.85,3,2.49,2.49,0,0,0,2.55,2.45,4.07,4.07,0,0,0,2.78-1.22M164.78,51.5l.57.61.94-.68a2.83,2.83,0,0,0,1.37-2.28,2,2,0,0,0-2.08-2,1.93,1.93,0,0,0-2,2,3.54,3.54,0,0,0,1.21,2.31"/> <path class="cls-3" d="M86.43,91.71v7.57a.49.49,0,0,1-.5.49H81.62a.49.49,0,0,1-.49-.49V76.49a.49.49,0,0,1,.49-.49h8.46c4.83,0,8.15,3.18,8.15,7.61s-3.32,7.61-8.15,7.61H86.92a.49.49,0,0,0-.49.49m3.12-5c2,0,3.38-1.17,3.38-3s-1.37-3-3.38-3H87a.49.49,0,0,0-.49.49v5.09a.49.49,0,0,0,.49.49Z"/> <path class="cls-3" d="M113,94.94h-8.49a.5.5,0,0,0-.47.33l-1.47,4.17a.5.5,0,0,1-.47.33h-4.5a.5.5,0,0,1-.47-.67l8.59-22.78a.47.47,0,0,1,.46-.32h5.45a.49.49,0,0,1,.46.32l8.49,22.79a.49.49,0,0,1-.47.66h-4.7a.5.5,0,0,1-.47-.33l-1.48-4.17a.48.48,0,0,0-.46-.33m-6.4-4.83h4.38a.49.49,0,0,0,.46-.65l-2.16-6.23a.49.49,0,0,0-.93,0l-2.21,6.24a.48.48,0,0,0,.46.65"/> <path class="cls-3" d="M130.6,90.92h-1.08a.49.49,0,0,0-.49.49v7.87a.49.49,0,0,1-.49.49h-4.31a.49.49,0,0,1-.5-.49V76.49a.49.49,0,0,1,.5-.49h8.93c4.69,0,7.71,3.22,7.71,7.44A6.8,6.8,0,0,1,136.68,90a.49.49,0,0,0-.26.68l4.22,8.43a.49.49,0,0,1-.44.71h-4.72a.51.51,0,0,1-.45-.28l-4-8.29a.49.49,0,0,0-.44-.28m1.55-4.56c2.18,0,3.35-1.21,3.35-2.89s-1.17-2.88-3.35-2.88h-2.63a.49.49,0,0,0-.49.49v4.79a.49.49,0,0,0,.49.49Z"/> <path class="cls-3" d="M152.66,90.88l-2.14,2.38a.5.5,0,0,0-.12.33v5.69a.49.49,0,0,1-.5.49h-4.31a.49.49,0,0,1-.49-.49V76.49a.49.49,0,0,1,.49-.49h4.31a.49.49,0,0,1,.5.49v8.18a.49.49,0,0,0,.86.32l7.67-8.82a.5.5,0,0,1,.38-.17H165a.49.49,0,0,1,.37.82L157.06,86a.5.5,0,0,0,0,.61L165.56,99a.49.49,0,0,1-.41.77h-5.41a.49.49,0,0,1-.4-.21l-5.91-8.63a.49.49,0,0,0-.77-.05"/> <path class="cls-3" d="M180.46,83a.49.49,0,0,1-.61-.34,3.64,3.64,0,0,0-3.85-2.5c-2,0-3.25,1.24-3.25,2.55,0,1.14.7,2,2.35,2.28l3.18.6c4.53.84,6.88,3.76,6.88,7.14,0,3.73-3.12,7.51-8.79,7.51-6.29,0-9.14-3.89-9.66-7.17a.47.47,0,0,1,.37-.54l3.9-.94a.48.48,0,0,1,.6.37c.37,2,1.86,3.59,4.86,3.59,2.08,0,3.35-1,3.35-2.48,0-1.21-1-2.08-2.55-2.38L174,90.11c-4-.77-6.47-3.45-6.47-7,0-4.49,4-7.65,8.52-7.65,5.6,0,7.91,3.17,8.58,5.86a.51.51,0,0,1-.34.61Z"/> </g> </svg> </a> </li> <li class="flex--self-center"> <a href="https://griffithobservatory.org/support/" class="footer__logos__logo footer__logos__logo--wide fill--day--white fill--night--black"> <svg version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 400 74.9" style="enable-background:new 0 0 400 74.9;" xml:space="preserve" class="fill--day--white fill--night--black"> <title>Griffith Observatory Foundation</title> <g> <path d="M13.9,43.6C6.1,43.6,0,37.5,0,30c0-7.5,6.1-13.5,13.9-13.5c3.7,0,7.2,1.4,9.6,3.7L20.7,23c-1.9-1.8-4.3-2.7-6.8-2.7 C8.4,20.2,4,24.8,4,30c0,5.4,4.3,9.9,9.8,9.9c4.5,0,8.1-3.4,8.7-7.7l-8,0l1.6-3.6h10.6v1.5C26.7,37.5,21.1,43.6,13.9,43.6"/> <path d="M33.1,33.6L33.1,33.6l0,9.2h-4V17.4h5.9c6.1,0,10.1,2.8,10.1,7.9c0,4.3-3.1,7-7.1,7.9l7.9,9.6h-4.9L33.1,33.6z M33.1,21.1 V30h2.2c3.3,0,5.7-1.9,5.7-4.7c0-2.3-1.6-4.2-5.7-4.2H33.1z"/> <rect x="47.7" y="17.4" width="4" height="25.4"/> <polygon points="54.4,17.4 68.6,17.4 68.6,20.9 58.4,20.9 58.4,28.4 67.5,28.4 67.5,31.9 58.4,31.9 58.4,42.8 54.4,42.8 "/> <polygon points="70.6,17.4 84.8,17.4 84.8,20.9 74.6,20.9 74.6,28.4 83.8,28.4 83.8,31.9 74.6,31.9 74.6,42.8 70.6,42.8 "/> <rect x="86.6" y="17.4" width="4" height="25.4"/> <polygon points="97.6,21 92.3,21 92.3,17.4 107,17.4 107,21 101.6,21 101.6,42.8 97.6,42.8 "/> <polygon points="108.7,17.4 112.7,17.4 112.7,27.5 123.7,27.5 123.7,17.4 127.7,17.4 127.7,42.8 123.7,42.8 123.7,31 112.7,31 112.7,42.8 108.7,42.8 "/> </g> <g> <path d="M219.6,42.8h-7.8V17.4h7.1c5.9,0,7.8,2.9,7.8,6.4c0,2.2-1.1,4.3-3.1,5.6c2.6,1.3,4.1,3.7,4.1,6.5 C227.6,39.4,225.3,42.8,219.6,42.8 M215.8,20.8v7.3h2.2c3.1,0,4.9-1.6,4.9-3.8c0-1.9-1.1-3.5-4.8-3.5H215.8z M215.8,31.3v8h2.9 c3.8,0,4.9-1.9,4.9-3.9c0-2.6-1.9-4.2-5-4.2H215.8z"/> <path d="M242.4,21.4c-1.3-0.6-3.1-1.1-4.7-1.1c-3.1,0-4.3,1.4-4.3,2.8c0,1.5,1.3,2.8,4.7,5c4.1,2.6,6.3,4.8,6.3,7.9 c0,4.3-3.7,7.1-8.9,7.1c-1.8,0-4.7-0.5-6-1.1l0.1-3.7c1.5,0.7,3.9,1.4,6.2,1.4c3.1,0,4.6-1.8,4.6-3.5c0-1.7-1.4-3.1-4.9-5.2 c-4.5-2.9-6-4.9-6-7.8c0-3.2,2.5-6.3,8.2-6.3c1.6,0,3.5,0.3,4.8,0.8L242.4,21.4z"/> <polygon points="246.4,17.4 259.7,17.4 259.7,20.9 250.5,20.9 250.5,27.8 258.9,27.8 258.9,31.3 250.5,31.3 250.5,39.3 259.9,39.3 259.9,42.8 246.4,42.8 "/> <path d="M266.7,33.6L266.7,33.6l0,9.2h-4V17.4h5.9c6.1,0,10.1,2.8,10.1,7.9c0,4.3-3.1,7-7.1,7.9l7.9,9.6h-4.9L266.7,33.6z M266.7,21.1V30h2.2c3.3,0,5.7-1.9,5.7-4.7c0-2.3-1.6-4.2-5.7-4.2H266.7z"/> <polygon points="292.6,42.8 288.2,42.8 278.6,17.4 282.9,17.4 290.5,37.7 298.1,17.4 302.2,17.4 "/> <path d="M314.2,38h-11.9l-1.8,4.8h-4.2l10-25.4h4l10,25.4H316L314.2,38z M312.9,34.6l-4.7-12.2l-4.7,12.2H312.9z"/> <polygon points="323.4,21 318.1,21 318.1,17.4 332.8,17.4 332.8,21 327.4,21 327.4,42.8 323.4,42.8 "/> <path d="M360.1,30c0,7.5-6.1,13.5-13.9,13.5c-7.8,0-13.9-6.1-13.9-13.5c0-7.5,6.1-13.5,13.9-13.5C354,16.6,360.1,22.6,360.1,30 M336.4,30c0,5.3,4.3,9.9,9.8,9.9c5.5,0,9.8-4.5,9.8-9.9c0-5.3-4.3-9.8-9.8-9.8C340.7,20.2,336.4,24.8,336.4,30"/> <path d="M366.7,33.6L366.7,33.6l0,9.2h-4V17.4h5.9c6.1,0,10.1,2.8,10.1,7.9c0,4.3-3.1,7-7.1,7.9l7.9,9.6h-4.9L366.7,33.6z M366.7,21.1V30h2.2c3.3,0,5.7-1.9,5.7-4.7c0-2.3-1.6-4.2-5.7-4.2H366.7z"/> <polygon points="391.3,34.8 391.3,42.8 387.3,42.8 387.3,34.9 378.6,17.4 383,17.4 389.4,30.8 395.9,17.4 400,17.4 "/> <path d="M208.9,30.1h-4.5c0-14.1-11.5-25.6-25.6-25.6c-14.1,0-25.6,11.5-25.6,25.6h-4.5c0-16.6,13.5-30.1,30.1-30.1 C195.4,0,208.9,13.5,208.9,30.1"/> </g> <g> <polygon points="78,48.7 92.2,48.7 92.2,52.1 82,52.1 82,59.7 91.1,59.7 91.1,63.2 82,63.2 82,74 78,74 "/> <path d="M134.5,74.9c-6.2,0-9.6-4.2-9.6-11V48.7h4v16.2c0,4.2,2.7,6.3,5.5,6.3c3,0,5.6-2.1,5.6-6.3V48.7h4v15.2 C144.1,70.7,140.8,74.9,134.5,74.9"/> <polygon points="151,55.4 151,74 146.9,74 146.9,48.7 151,48.7 164.2,67.3 164.2,48.7 168.2,48.7 168.2,74 164.3,74 "/> <path d="M171.4,48.7h6.7c6.7,0,12.9,4.4,12.9,12.7c0,8.4-6.2,12.7-12.9,12.7h-6.7V48.7z M175.4,70.4h2.7c4.6,0,8.9-3.1,8.9-9.1 c0-5.9-4.3-9.1-8.9-9.1h-2.7V70.4z"/> <path d="M208.3,69.3h-11.9l-1.8,4.8h-4.2l10-25.4h4l10,25.4h-4.3L208.3,69.3z M207,65.9l-4.7-12.2l-4.7,12.2H207z"/> <polygon points="217.3,52.2 212,52.2 212,48.7 226.6,48.7 226.6,52.2 221.3,52.2 221.3,74 217.3,74 "/> <rect x="228.8" y="48.7" width="4" height="25.4"/> <polygon points="270,55.4 270,74 266,74 266,48.7 270,48.7 283.2,67.3 283.2,48.7 287.2,48.7 287.2,74 283.3,74 "/> <path d="M118.1,61.3c-0.1-5.3-4.5-9.5-9.8-9.5c-5.3,0-9.6,4.3-9.8,9.5h-4c0.1-7.5,6.3-13.6,13.8-13.6c7.5,0,13.7,6.1,13.8,13.6 H118.1z"/> <path d="M259.2,61.3c-0.1-5.3-4.5-9.5-9.8-9.5c-5.3,0-9.6,4.3-9.8,9.5h-4c0.1-7.5,6.3-13.6,13.8-13.6c7.5,0,13.7,6.1,13.8,13.6 H259.2z"/> </g> </svg> </a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </footer></main> <script type="text/javascript"> var _paq = _paq || []; _paq.push(['setCustomDimension', 1, '{"ID":1,"name":"Kyle Conrad - all permissions removed","avatar":"694a658d7a047420375028571316caec"}']); _paq.push(['trackPageView']); (function () { var u = "https://stats3.wpmudev.com/"; _paq.push(['setTrackerUrl', u + 'track/']); _paq.push(['setSiteId', '17191']); var d = document, g = d.createElement('script'), s = d.getElementsByTagName('script')[0]; g.type = 'text/javascript'; g.async = true; g.defer = true; g.src = 'https://stats.wpmucdn.com/analytics.js'; s.parentNode.insertBefore(g, s); })(); </script> <script> ( function ( body ) { 'use strict'; body.className = body.className.replace( /\btribe-no-js\b/, 'tribe-js' ); } )( document.body ); </script> <script> /* <![CDATA[ */var tribe_l10n_datatables = {"aria":{"sort_ascending":": activate to sort column ascending","sort_descending":": activate to sort column descending"},"length_menu":"Show _MENU_ entries","empty_table":"No data available in table","info":"Showing _START_ to _END_ of _TOTAL_ entries","info_empty":"Showing 0 to 0 of 0 entries","info_filtered":"(filtered from _MAX_ total entries)","zero_records":"No matching records found","search":"Search:","all_selected_text":"All items on this page were selected. ","select_all_link":"Select all pages","clear_selection":"Clear Selection.","pagination":{"all":"All","next":"Next","previous":"Previous"},"select":{"rows":{"0":"","_":": Selected %d rows","1":": Selected 1 row"}},"datepicker":{"dayNames":["Sunday","Monday","Tuesday","Wednesday","Thursday","Friday","Saturday"],"dayNamesShort":["Sun","Mon","Tue","Wed","Thu","Fri","Sat"],"dayNamesMin":["S","M","T","W","T","F","S"],"monthNames":["January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"monthNamesShort":["January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"monthNamesMin":["Jan","Feb","Mar","Apr","May","Jun","Jul","Aug","Sep","Oct","Nov","Dec"],"nextText":"Next","prevText":"Prev","currentText":"Today","closeText":"Done","today":"Today","clear":"Clear"}};/* ]]> */ </script><script type="text/javascript" src="https://griffithobservatory.org/wp-content/themes/griffith/js/footer.js" id="footer-js"></script> <script src="//instant.page/5.1.0" type="module" integrity="sha384-by67kQnR+pyfy8yWP4kPO12fHKRLHZPfEsiSXR8u2IKcTdxD805MGUXBzVPnkLHw"></script> </body> </html>