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class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%86%D9%88%D9%84%D8%AF_%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%AC%D9%8A%D8%B1" title="ارنولد هاربيرجير – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="ارنولد هاربيرجير" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arnold_Harberger" title="Arnold Harberger – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Arnold Harberger" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B5%D1%80,_%D0%90%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B4" title="Харбергер, Арнольд – Russian" lang="ru" 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.infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Arnold Harberger</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday">1924-07-27</span>) </span>July 27, 1924<span class="noprint ForceAgeToShow"> (age 100)</span><br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Newark,_New_Jersey" title="Newark, New Jersey">Newark, New Jersey</a>, U.S.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Alma mater</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Johns_Hopkins_University" title="Johns Hopkins University">Johns Hopkins University</a> (<a href="/wiki/B._A." class="mw-redirect" title="B. A.">BA</a>)<br /><a href="/wiki/University_of_Chicago" title="University of Chicago">University of Chicago</a> (<a href="/wiki/M._A." class="mw-redirect" title="M. A.">MA</a>, <a href="/wiki/PhD" class="mw-redirect" title="PhD">PhD</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Known for</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Public_finance" title="Public finance">Public finance</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151524712">.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin2px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-2px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin3px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-3px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-display-ws{display:inline;white-space:nowrap}</style> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;margin-top:1px;white-space:normal;">Anita Valjalo</div> <div class="marriage-line-margin2px"></div> <div style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:1px;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1958; died 2013)<wbr /></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><b>Scientific career</b></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Fields</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Economics" title="Economics">Economics</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Institutions</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/University_of_California,_Los_Angeles" title="University of California, Los Angeles">UCLA</a> 1984–</li><li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Chicago" title="University of Chicago">University of Chicago</a> 1953–1991</li><li><a href="/wiki/Johns_Hopkins_University" title="Johns Hopkins University">Johns Hopkins University</a> 1949–1953</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Doctoral_advisor" title="Doctoral advisor">Doctoral advisor</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Lloyd_Metzler" title="Lloyd Metzler">Lloyd Metzler</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Doctoral students</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Yoram_Barzel" title="Yoram Barzel">Yoram Barzel</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Gregory_Chow" title="Gregory Chow">Gregory Chow</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Sebasti%C3%A1n_Edwards" title="Sebastián Edwards">Sebastián Edwards</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Zvi_Griliches" title="Zvi Griliches">Zvi Griliches</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Robert_Lucas,_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="Robert Lucas, Jr.">Robert Lucas, Jr.</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Richard_Muth" title="Richard Muth">Richard Muth</a><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><a href="/wiki/Marc_Nerlove" title="Marc Nerlove">Marc Nerlove</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Arnold Carl Harberger</b> (born July 27, 1924) is an American <a href="/wiki/Economist" title="Economist">economist</a>. His approach to the teaching and practice of economics is to emphasize the use of analytical tools that are directly applicable to real-world issues. His influence on academic economics is reflected in part by the widespread use of the term "<a href="/wiki/Harberger_triangle" class="mw-redirect" title="Harberger triangle">Harberger triangle</a>" to refer to the standard graphical depiction of the efficiency cost of distortions of <a href="/wiki/Competitive_equilibrium" title="Competitive equilibrium">competitive equilibrium</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Life">Life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arnold_Harberger&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Harberger completed his B.A. in economics at <a href="/wiki/Johns_Hopkins_University" title="Johns Hopkins University">Johns Hopkins University</a>, and his M.A. in international relations in 1947 and his Ph.D. in economics in 1950 at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Chicago" title="University of Chicago">University of Chicago</a>. After teaching at Johns Hopkins, Harberger returned to the University of Chicago to teach full-time from 1953 to 1982, and part-time from 1984 to 1991. Since 1984, he has been a professor at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_California,_Los_Angeles" title="University of California, Los Angeles">University of California, Los Angeles</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-ucla_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ucla-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> serving as professor emeritus since 2014. </p><p>He married Chilean Anita Valjalo in 1958. The two remained together until her death in 2013. </p><p>Harberger speaks fluent Spanish. He is known for maintaining close ties with his former students, many of whom have held influential government posts throughout <a href="/wiki/Latin_America" title="Latin America">Latin America</a>, especially in <a href="/wiki/Chile" title="Chile">Chile</a>. Among his former students are 15 central-bank presidents and about 50 government ministers. He takes pride in the work they have done to advance sound economic policy in many countries over many decades.<sup id="cite_ref-minneapolisfed_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-minneapolisfed-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He has been criticized for giving economic advice to some authoritarian governments in Latin America.<sup id="cite_ref-frank_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-frank-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the case of Chile, Harberger's influence on the "free-market" reforms undertaken by the Pinochet regime (after the failure of its initial policies of direct economic control) was solely through former students of his, dubbed the <a href="/wiki/Chicago_Boys" title="Chicago Boys">Chicago Boys</a> by commentators, who had agreed to work in that government to address the ongoing economic crisis. The core of those reforms has been continued by a succession of democratically elected governments in Chile since the end of the Pinochet government in 1990. </p><p>His former student <a href="/wiki/Ricardo_Ffrench-Davis" title="Ricardo Ffrench-Davis">Ricardo Ffrench-Davis</a> has praised Harberger for being free of ideological prejudice, which according to Ffrench-Davis was not the case of Harberger's colleague <a href="/wiki/Milton_Friedman" title="Milton Friedman">Milton Friedman</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Harberger <a href="/wiki/Centenarian" title="Centenarian">turned 100</a> on July 27, 2024.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Work">Work</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arnold_Harberger&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Work"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Harberger's Ph.D. thesis, written under <a href="/wiki/Lloyd_Metzler" title="Lloyd Metzler">Lloyd Metzler</a> as committee chair and <a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Arrow" title="Kenneth Arrow">Kenneth Arrow</a> and <a href="/wiki/Franco_Modigliani" title="Franco Modigliani">Franco Modigliani</a> as advisers,<sup id="cite_ref-minneapolisfed_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-minneapolisfed-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was on international macroeconomic theory,<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but his academic reputation is primarily based on his work on the economics of taxation, welfare economics, and benefit-cost analysis. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_Welfare_Cost_of_Monopoly"><i>The Welfare Cost of Monopoly</i></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arnold_Harberger&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: The Welfare Cost of Monopoly"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Harberger's first contribution to applied welfare economics estimated that the <a href="/wiki/Efficiency_loss" class="mw-redirect" title="Efficiency loss">efficiency loss</a> from <a href="/wiki/Monopoly" title="Monopoly">monopoly</a>—or, more precisely, from prices exceeding marginal cost—in US manufacturing was unlikely to exceed 0.1% of <a href="/wiki/GDP" class="mw-redirect" title="GDP">GDP</a>. In making this estimate, Harberger assumed that the extent of <a href="/wiki/Market_power" title="Market power">market power</a> of the firms in an industry is reflected in the degree of above-normal profits in that industry. The efficiency loss from monopoly arises from the fact that high-profit industries produce too little output, and low-profit industries produce too much output. The net welfare cost is the sum of the gains that would be obtained if output were reallocated in such a way as to bring the rate of profit in each industry to the economy-wide average. To do this requires an estimate of the elasticity of demand for the output of each industry in his sample. He argued that a value of -1 for this elasticity was on the high end of plausible values, because each industry consisted of more than one firm. (The elasticity of demand facing a particular <i>firm</i> is inversely related to its market share. Harberger's assumption clearly implies that individual firms face elasticities far greater than -1, and is thereby fully consistent with the theory of pricing by firms with a degree of market power.) For Harberger's assumed value of demand elasticities, the cost of the resources that would be required to achieve the efficient change in an industry's rate of production is equal to the calculated excess profits in that industry. </p><p>Using the formula developed by <a href="/wiki/Harold_Hotelling" title="Harold Hotelling">Harold Hotelling</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Harberger measured the efficiency loss from noncompetitive pricing in each industry as the excess of the implied willingness to pay by consumers for each increment to output over the estimated cost of that increment. His conclusion was that monopoly power was not pervasive in the U.S. economy, so that the manufacturing sector could be treated as nearly competitive. </p><p>Over a decade later, <a href="/wiki/Gordon_Tullock" title="Gordon Tullock">Gordon Tullock</a> argued<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> that Harberger's estimate of the welfare cost of monopoly was low because some resources would be used to compete for or protect monopoly rents, but his argument applies principally to instances of non-price <a href="/wiki/Rent-seeking" title="Rent-seeking">competition for protected status</a>, as in the case of tariffs or restrictions on entry into an industry through government regulation. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_Incidence_of_Taxation"><i>The Incidence of Taxation</i></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arnold_Harberger&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: The Incidence of Taxation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Harberger's seminal paper on the <a href="/wiki/Corporate_income_tax" class="mw-redirect" title="Corporate income tax">corporate income tax</a> pioneered the use of general-equilibrium modeling by recasting the classic <a href="/wiki/Heckscher-Ohlin_model" class="mw-redirect" title="Heckscher-Ohlin model">Heckscher-Ohlin model</a> of international trade as a model of one country with two sectors, one comprising incorporated firms subject to a tax on their net incomes and the other made up of unincorporated firms. Harberger's approach laid the groundwork for the later use of <a href="/wiki/Computable_general_equilibrium" title="Computable general equilibrium">computable general equilibrium</a> analysis of the impact of taxes on an entire economy. </p><p>In Harberger's model, the output of both sectors is produced under conditions of <a href="/wiki/Constant_returns_to_scale" class="mw-redirect" title="Constant returns to scale">constant returns to scale</a>, using homogeneous labor and capital. Labor is perfectly mobile, so wages are equalized between the two sectors. The corporate income tax is a tax on the return to corporate capital. There is no integration of the corporate and personal income taxes so any dividends are taxed twice. In the long run, capital is also fully mobile between sectors. </p><p>Harberger's key insight was that the mobility of capital between sectors means that in long-run equilibrium the after-tax rate of return to capital is equalized between the two sectors. In this way, the corporate income tax lowers the after-tax real rate of return to all owners of capital equally. When the income of capital owners in the corporate sector is taxed, the initial after-tax rate of return on corporate capital falls, prompting a shift of capital to the untaxed sector. This shift continues until the rate of return in the untaxed sector falls, and the before-tax rate of return in the corporate sector rises, by amounts sufficient to equalize the after-tax rate of return to capital in all uses. The contraction of the corporate sector leads to a reduction in that sector's demand for labor and a fall in the output of that sector. Some labor is thereby induced to move from the corporate to the non-corporate sector. The flow of labor and capital into the non-corporate sector results in an increase in that sector's output. The change in the relative quantities of output in the two sectors leads to an increase in the price of the taxed sector's output relative to the output of the untaxed sector. The response of wages to the shifts in production depends on several factors: the relative substitutability of labor for capital in both sectors, the relative labor intensity of both sectors, and the relative sizes of the two sectors. If the net effect of the intersectoral shifts is to reduce the total demand for labor, then the wage falls and workers bear a part of the burden of the tax. If the aggregate demand for labor is unchanged, then capital bears the full burden of the tax. If the aggregate demand for labor (and so the wage) rises, then capital's income falls by <i>more</i> than the revenue raised by the tax. This latter case, which Harberger showed to be not at all unlikely, completely overturned the previous consensus within the profession, which had been that the burden of the corporate tax was distributed among the workers and capital owners in the taxed sector, and the consumers of the goods produced in that sector, in amounts that were individually between zero and 100 percent of the tax revenue. </p><p>Some years later, Harberger extended his analysis to the case of an economy that buys and sells goods, and imports or exports capital, in worldwide markets.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The results from this specification differ markedly from those of the closed-economy version. In particular, if externally provided capital is in perfectly elastic supply to a country, then capital cannot bear any part of the tax burden in the long run, and it is quite possible for labor to bear more than 100 percent of the burden of the corporate income tax. He views the open-economy case as relevant for the analysis of a single country's choice of tax rate, with the closed-economy model as applying to the effects of a general movement of worldwide corporate tax rates in the same direction, such as the decline that has been observed over the past several decades. A summary of his views on the practical policy considerations regarding the corporate income tax in particular countries can be found in his 2008 paper.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Honors_and_awards">Honors and awards</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arnold_Harberger&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Honors and awards"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Fellow, <a href="/wiki/Econometric_Society" title="Econometric Society">Econometric Society</a></li> <li>Fellow, <a href="/wiki/American_Academy_of_Arts_and_Sciences" title="American Academy of Arts and Sciences">American Academy of Arts and Sciences</a></li> <li>Special Ambassador, U.S. Department of State (1984)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Academy_of_Sciences_of_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="National Academy of Sciences of the United States">National Academy of Sciences of the United States</a></li> <li>President, <a href="/wiki/Western_Economic_Association_International" title="Western Economic Association International">Western Economic Association</a> (1989–1990)</li> <li>Foreign Honorary Member, Chilean Academy of Social Sciences</li> <li>President, <a href="/wiki/American_Economic_Association" title="American Economic Association">American Economic Association</a> (1997)</li> <li>Distinguished Fellow, American Economic Association</li> <li>Simon Kuznets Memorial Lecturer, Yale University (2000)</li> <li>Daniel Holland Medal, <a href="/wiki/National_Tax_Association" title="National Tax Association">National Tax Association</a> (2002)</li> <li>President, Society for Benefit-Cost Analysis (2008–2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bradley_Foundation" title="Bradley Foundation">Bradley Foundation</a> Prize (2009)</li> <li>Life for Freedom Award, Roads to Freedom Foundation (Mexico)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arnold_Harberger&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFHarberger1954" class="citation journal cs1">Harberger, Arnold C. (May 1954). "Monopoly and Resource Allocation". <i>The American Economic Review</i>. <b>44</b> (2): 77–87. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/1818325">1818325</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+American+Economic+Review&rft.atitle=Monopoly+and+Resource+Allocation&rft.volume=44&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=77-87&rft.date=1954-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F1818325%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Harberger&rft.aufirst=Arnold+C.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArnold+Harberger" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Harberger, Arnold C. (editor) (original 1960, hansebooks 2020). "The Demand for Durable Goods".</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHarberger1962" class="citation journal cs1">Harberger, Arnold C. (June 1962). "The Incidence of the Corporation Income Tax". <i>Journal of Political Economy</i>. <b>70</b> (3): 215–240. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1086%2F258636">10.1086/258636</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/1828856">1828856</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:154336077">154336077</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Political+Economy&rft.atitle=The+Incidence+of+the+Corporation+Income+Tax&rft.volume=70&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=215-240&rft.date=1962-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A154336077%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F1828856%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1086%2F258636&rft.aulast=Harberger&rft.aufirst=Arnold+C.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArnold+Harberger" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHarberger1971" class="citation journal cs1">Harberger, Arnold C. (September 1971). "Three Basic Postulates for Applied Welfare Economics: An Interpretive Essay". <i>Journal of Economic Literature</i>. <b>9</b> (3): 785–797. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/2720975">2720975</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Economic+Literature&rft.atitle=Three+Basic+Postulates+for+Applied+Welfare+Economics%3A+An+Interpretive+Essay&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=785-797&rft.date=1971-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F2720975%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Harberger&rft.aufirst=Arnold+C.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArnold+Harberger" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHarberger1974" class="citation book cs1">Harberger, Arnold C. (1974). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/taxationwelfare0000harb"><i>Taxation and welfare</i></a></span>. Little, Brown.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Taxation+and+welfare&rft.pub=Little%2C+Brown&rft.date=1974&rft.aulast=Harberger&rft.aufirst=Arnold+C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Ftaxationwelfare0000harb&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArnold+Harberger" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHarberger1990" class="citation book cs1">Harberger, Arnold C. (1990). <i>"Economic Policy and Economic Growth"</i>. International Center for Economic Growth.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%22Economic+Policy+and+Economic+Growth%22&rft.pub=International+Center+for+Economic+Growth&rft.date=1990&rft.aulast=Harberger&rft.aufirst=Arnold+C.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArnold+Harberger" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHarberger2008" class="citation journal cs1">Harberger, Arnold C. (June 2008). "The Incidence of the Corporation Income Tax Revisited". <b>LXI</b> (2). National Tax Journal: 303–312.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=The+Incidence+of+the+Corporation+Income+Tax+Revisited&rft.volume=LXI&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=303-312&rft.date=2008-06&rft.aulast=Harberger&rft.aufirst=Arnold+C.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArnold+Harberger" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_journal" title="Template:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Cite journal requires <code class="cs1-code">|journal=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#missing_periodical" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arnold_Harberger&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chicago_Boys" title="Chicago Boys">Chicago Boys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harberger_Tax" title="Harberger Tax">Harberger Tax</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arnold_Harberger&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221223115136/https://genealogy.math.ndsu.nodak.edu/id.php?id=215969">"Richard Muth in the Mathematics Genealogy Project"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://genealogy.math.ndsu.nodak.edu/id.php?id=215969">the original</a> on 2022-12-23<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-01-09</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Richard+Muth+in+the+Mathematics+Genealogy+Project&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgenealogy.math.ndsu.nodak.edu%2Fid.php%3Fid%3D215969&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArnold+Harberger" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHarberger1971" class="citation journal cs1">Harberger, Arnold C. (September 1971). "Three Basic Postulates for Applied Welfare Economics: An Interpretive Essay". <i>Journal of Economic Literature</i>. <b>9</b> (3): 785–797. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/2720975">2720975</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Economic+Literature&rft.atitle=Three+Basic+Postulates+for+Applied+Welfare+Economics%3A+An+Interpretive+Essay&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=785-797&rft.date=1971-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F2720975%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Harberger&rft.aufirst=Arnold+C.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArnold+Harberger" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ucla-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ucla_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.econ.ucla.edu/harberger/">Harberger's webpage at UCLA</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-minneapolisfed-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-minneapolisfed_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-minneapolisfed_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.minneapolisfed.org/publications/the-region/interview-with-arnold-harberger">Interview</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191116234418/https://www.minneapolisfed.org/publications/the-region/interview-with-arnold-harberger">Archived</a> 2019-11-16 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> at the Minneapolis Fed, March 1999</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-frank-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-frank_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFrank1976" class="citation journal cs1">Frank, Andre Gunder (June 12, 1976). "Economic Genocide in Chile: Open Letter to Milton Friedman and Arnold Harberger". <i>Economic and Political Weekly</i>. <b>11</b> (24): 880–888. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/4364704">4364704</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Economic+and+Political+Weekly&rft.atitle=Economic+Genocide+in+Chile%3A+Open+Letter+to+Milton+Friedman+and+Arnold+Harberger&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=24&rft.pages=880-888&rft.date=1976-06-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F4364704%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Frank&rft.aufirst=Andre+Gunder&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArnold+Harberger" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBravo_Pou2014" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Bravo Pou, Ximena (2014-05-26). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.americaeconomia.com/economia-mercados/finanzas/ricardo-ffrench-davis-el-anti-chicago-boy">"Ricardo Ffrench-Davis, el anti Chicago Boy"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Am%C3%A9rica_Econom%C3%ADa" class="mw-redirect" title="América Economía">América Economía</a></i> (in Spanish)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-02-13</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Am%C3%A9rica+Econom%C3%ADa&rft.atitle=Ricardo+Ffrench-Davis%2C+el+anti+Chicago+Boy&rft.date=2014-05-26&rft.aulast=Bravo+Pou&rft.aufirst=Ximena&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.americaeconomia.com%2Feconomia-mercados%2Ffinanzas%2Fricardo-ffrench-davis-el-anti-chicago-boy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArnold+Harberger" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lanacion.com.ar/economia/los-primeros-100-anos-de-alito-harberger-nid27072024/">"Los "primeros" 100 años de "Alito" Harberger"</a> (in Spanish). La Nacion. 27 July 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 July</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Los+%E2%80%9Cprimeros%E2%80%9D+100+a%C3%B1os+de+%E2%80%9CAlito%E2%80%9D+Harberger&rft.pub=La+Nacion&rft.date=2024-07-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lanacion.com.ar%2Feconomia%2Flos-primeros-100-anos-de-alito-harberger-nid27072024%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArnold+Harberger" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHarberger1950" class="citation journal cs1">Harberger, Arnold C. (February 1950). "Currency Depreciation, Income, and the Balance of Trade". <i>Journal of Political Economy</i>. <b>58</b> (1): 47–60. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1086%2F256897">10.1086/256897</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/1826198">1826198</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:154750126">154750126</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Political+Economy&rft.atitle=Currency+Depreciation%2C+Income%2C+and+the+Balance+of+Trade&rft.volume=58&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=47-60&rft.date=1950-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A154750126%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F1826198%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1086%2F256897&rft.aulast=Harberger&rft.aufirst=Arnold+C.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArnold+Harberger" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHotelling1938" class="citation journal cs1">Hotelling, Harold (July 1938). "The General Welfare in Relation to Problems of Taxation and of Railway and Utility Rates". <i>Econometrica</i>. <b>6</b> (3): 242–269. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F1907054">10.2307/1907054</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/1907054">1907054</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Econometrica&rft.atitle=The+General+Welfare+in+Relation+to+Problems+of+Taxation+and+of+Railway+and+Utility+Rates&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=242-269&rft.date=1938-07&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F1907054&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F1907054%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Hotelling&rft.aufirst=Harold&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArnold+Harberger" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTullock1967" class="citation journal cs1">Tullock, Gordon (June 1967). "The Welfare Cost of Tariffs, Monopolies, and Theft". <i>Economic Inquiry</i>. <b>5</b> (3): 224–232. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1465-7295.1967.tb01923.x">10.1111/j.1465-7295.1967.tb01923.x</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Economic+Inquiry&rft.atitle=The+Welfare+Cost+of+Tariffs%2C+Monopolies%2C+and+Theft&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=224-232&rft.date=1967-06&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fj.1465-7295.1967.tb01923.x&rft.aulast=Tullock&rft.aufirst=Gordon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArnold+Harberger" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Harberger, Arnold C. "The ABCs of Corporate Tax Incidence: Insights into the Open Economy Case," in <i>Tax Policy and Economic Growth.</i> Washington, DC: American Council for Capital Formation, 1995</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHarberger2008" class="citation journal cs1">Harberger, Arnold C. (June 2008). "The Incidence of the Corporation Income Tax Revisited". <i>National Tax Journal</i>. <b>61</b> (2): 303–312. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.17310%2Fntj.2008.2.07">10.17310/ntj.2008.2.07</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/41790446">41790446</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:150768301">150768301</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=National+Tax+Journal&rft.atitle=The+Incidence+of+the+Corporation+Income+Tax+Revisited&rft.volume=61&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=303-312&rft.date=2008-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A150768301%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F41790446%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.17310%2Fntj.2008.2.07&rft.aulast=Harberger&rft.aufirst=Arnold+C.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArnold+Harberger" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arnold_Harberger&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOvertveldt2007" class="citation book cs1">Overtveldt, Johan (2007). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/chicagoschoolhow0000over"><i>The Chicago School : how the University of Chicago assembled the thinkers who revolutionized economics and business</i></a></span>. Chicago: Agate. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781932841145" title="Special:BookSources/9781932841145"><bdi>9781932841145</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Chicago+School+%3A+how+the+University+of+Chicago+assembled+the+thinkers+who+revolutionized+economics+and+business&rft.place=Chicago&rft.pub=Agate&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=9781932841145&rft.aulast=Overtveldt&rft.aufirst=Johan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fchicagoschoolhow0000over&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArnold+Harberger" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arnold_Harberger&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://newmedia.ufm.edu/gsm/index.php?title=Especial%3AGSMSearchPage&termbuscado=harberger">Video Collection</a> from NewMedia <a href="/wiki/Universidad_Francisco_Marroqu%C3%ADn" title="Universidad Francisco Marroquín">Universidad Francisco Marroquín</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol 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Walker</a> (1886)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Franklin_Dunbar" title="Charles Franklin Dunbar">Charles F. Dunbar</a> (1893)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Bates_Clark" title="John Bates Clark">John B. Clark</a> (1894)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Carter_Adams" title="Henry Carter Adams">Henry C. Adams</a> (1896)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Twining_Hadley" title="Arthur Twining Hadley">Arthur T. Hadley</a> (1898)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_T._Ely" title="Richard T. Ely">Richard T. Ely</a> (1900)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1901–1925</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Edwin_R._A._Seligman" title="Edwin R. A. Seligman">Edwin R. A. Seligman</a> (1902)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/F._W._Taussig" title="F. W. Taussig">F. W. Taussig</a> (1904)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeremiah_Jenks" title="Jeremiah Jenks">Jeremiah W. Jenks</a> (1906)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simon_Patten" title="Simon Patten">Simon N. Patten</a> (1908)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Davis_Rich_Dewey" title="Davis Rich Dewey">Davis R. Dewey</a> (1909)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edmund_J._James" title="Edmund J. James">Edmund J. James</a> (1910)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Walcott_Farnam" title="Henry Walcott Farnam">Henry W. Farnam</a> (1911)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Fetter" title="Frank Fetter">Frank A. Fetter</a> (1912)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Kinley" title="David Kinley">David Kinley</a> (1913)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_H._Gray_(economist)" title="John H. Gray (economist)">John H. Gray</a> (1914)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Francis_Willcox" title="Walter Francis Willcox">Walter F. Willcox</a> (1915)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Nixon_Carver" title="Thomas Nixon Carver">Thomas N. Carver</a> (1916)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_R._Commons" title="John R. Commons">John R. Commons</a> (1917)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irving_Fisher" title="Irving Fisher">Irving Fisher</a> (1918)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_B._Gardner" title="Henry B. Gardner">Henry B. Gardner</a> (1919)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbert_J._Davenport" title="Herbert J. Davenport">Herbert J. Davenport</a> (1920)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacob_Hollander" title="Jacob Hollander">Jacob H. Hollander</a> (1921)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Rogers_Seager" title="Henry Rogers Seager">Henry R. Seager</a> (1922)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl_C._Plehn" title="Carl C. Plehn">Carl C. Plehn</a> (1923)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wesley_Clair_Mitchell" title="Wesley Clair Mitchell">Wesley C. Mitchell</a> (1924)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allyn_Abbott_Young" title="Allyn Abbott Young">Allyn A. Young</a> (1925)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1926–1950</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Edwin_W._Kemmerer" title="Edwin W. Kemmerer">Edwin W. Kemmerer</a> (1926)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Sewall_Adams" title="Thomas Sewall Adams">Thomas S. Adams</a> (1927)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fred_M._Taylor" title="Fred M. Taylor">Fred M. Taylor</a> (1928)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edwin_Francis_Gay" title="Edwin Francis Gay">Edwin F. Gay</a> (1929)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_B._Hammond" title="Matthew B. Hammond">Matthew B. Hammond</a> (1930)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernest_L._Bogart" title="Ernest L. Bogart">Ernest L. Bogart</a> (1931)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_E._Barnett" title="George E. Barnett">George E. Barnett</a> (1932)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Z._Ripley" title="William Z. Ripley">William Z. Ripley</a> (1933)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_A._Millis" title="Harry A. Millis">Harry A. Millis</a> (1934)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Maurice_Clark" title="John Maurice Clark">John M. Clark</a> (1935)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alvin_Saunders_Johnson" title="Alvin Saunders Johnson">Alvin S. Johnson</a> (1936)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oliver_M._W._Sprague" title="Oliver M. W. Sprague">Oliver M. W. Sprague</a> (1937)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alvin_Hansen" title="Alvin Hansen">Alvin Hansen</a> (1938)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacob_Viner" title="Jacob Viner">Jacob Viner</a> (1939)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_C._Mills" title="Frederick C. Mills">Frederick C. Mills</a> (1940)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sumner_Slichter" title="Sumner Slichter">Sumner Slichter</a> (1941)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edwin_Griswold_Nourse" title="Edwin Griswold Nourse">Edwin G. Nourse</a> (1942)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_B._Wolfe" title="Albert B. Wolfe">Albert B. Wolfe</a> (1943)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_S._Davis" title="Joseph S. Davis">Joseph S. Davis</a> (1944)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaiah_Leo_Sharfman" title="Isaiah Leo Sharfman">I. Leo Sharfman</a> (1945)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emanuel_Goldenweiser" title="Emanuel Goldenweiser">Emanuel A. Goldenweiser</a> (1946)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Douglas_(Illinois_politician)" title="Paul Douglas (Illinois politician)">Paul Douglas</a> (1947)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Schumpeter" title="Joseph Schumpeter">Joseph Schumpeter</a> (1948)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Howard_S._Ellis" title="Howard S. Ellis">Howard S. Ellis</a> (1949)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Knight" title="Frank Knight">Frank Knight</a> (1950)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1951–1975</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Henry_Williams_(economist)" title="John Henry Williams (economist)">John H. Williams</a> (1951)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harold_Innis" title="Harold Innis">Harold A. Innis</a> (1952)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calvin_B._Hoover" title="Calvin B. Hoover">Calvin B. Hoover</a> (1953)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simon_Kuznets" title="Simon Kuznets">Simon Kuznets</a> (1954)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_D._Black" title="John D. Black">John D. Black</a> (1955)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edwin_E._Witte" title="Edwin E. Witte">Edwin E. Witte</a> (1956)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morris_A._Copeland" class="mw-redirect" title="Morris A. Copeland">Morris A. Copeland</a> (1957)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_W._Stocking_Sr." title="George W. Stocking Sr.">George W. Stocking</a> (1958)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_F._Burns" title="Arthur F. Burns">Arthur F. Burns</a> (1959)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodore_Schultz" title="Theodore Schultz">Theodore W. Schultz</a> (1960)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Samuelson" title="Paul Samuelson">Paul A. Samuelson</a> (1961)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Sagendorph_Mason" class="mw-redirect" title="Edward Sagendorph Mason">Edward S. Mason</a> (1962)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gottfried_Haberler" title="Gottfried Haberler">Gottfried Haberler</a> (1963)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Stigler" title="George Stigler">George J. Stigler</a> (1964)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_J._Spengler" title="Joseph J. Spengler">Joseph J. Spengler</a> (1965)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fritz_Machlup" title="Fritz Machlup">Fritz Machlup</a> (1966)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milton_Friedman" title="Milton Friedman">Milton Friedman</a> (1967)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenneth_E._Boulding" title="Kenneth E. Boulding">Kenneth E. Boulding</a> (1968)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Fellner" title="William Fellner">William J. Fellner</a> (1969)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wassily_Leontief" title="Wassily Leontief">Wassily Leontief</a> (1970)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Tobin" title="James Tobin">James Tobin</a> (1971)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Kenneth_Galbraith" title="John Kenneth Galbraith">John Kenneth Galbraith</a> (1972)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Arrow" title="Kenneth Arrow">Kenneth J. Arrow</a> (1973)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Heller" title="Walter Heller">Walter W. Heller</a> (1974)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Aaron_Gordon" title="Robert Aaron Gordon">R. Aaron Gordon</a> (1975)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1976–2000</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Franco_Modigliani" title="Franco Modigliani">Franco Modigliani</a> (1976)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Klein" title="Lawrence Klein">Lawrence R. Klein</a> (1977)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacob_Marschak" title="Jacob Marschak">Jacob Marschak</a> (1978)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tjalling_Koopmans" title="Tjalling Koopmans">Tjalling C. Koopmans</a> (1978)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Solow" title="Robert Solow">Robert M. Solow</a> (1979)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moses_Abramovitz" title="Moses Abramovitz">Moses Abramovitz</a> (1980)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Baumol" title="William Baumol">William J. Baumol</a> (1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gardner_Ackley" title="Gardner Ackley">Gardner Ackley</a> (1982)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/W._Arthur_Lewis" title="W. Arthur Lewis">W. Arthur Lewis</a> (1983)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Schultze" title="Charles Schultze">Charles L. Schultze</a> (1984)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_P._Kindleberger" title="Charles P. Kindleberger">Charles P. Kindleberger</a> (1985)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alice_Rivlin" title="Alice Rivlin">Alice M. Rivlin</a> (1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gary_Becker" title="Gary Becker">Gary S. Becker</a> (1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Eisner" title="Robert Eisner">Robert Eisner</a> (1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_A._Pechman" title="Joseph A. Pechman">Joseph A. Pechman</a> (1989)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%C3%A9rard_Debreu" title="Gérard Debreu">Gérard Debreu</a> (1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Schelling" title="Thomas Schelling">Thomas C. Schelling</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Vickrey" title="William Vickrey">William Vickrey</a> (1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zvi_Griliches" title="Zvi Griliches">Zvi Griliches</a> (1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amartya_Sen" title="Amartya Sen">Amartya Sen</a> (1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victor_Fuchs" title="Victor Fuchs">Victor R. Fuchs</a> (1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anne_Osborn_Krueger" title="Anne Osborn Krueger">Anne O. Krueger</a> (1996)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Arnold C. Harberger</a> (1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Fogel" title="Robert Fogel">Robert W. Fogel</a> (1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/D._Gale_Johnson" title="D. Gale Johnson">D. Gale Johnson</a> (1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dale_W._Jorgenson" title="Dale W. Jorgenson">Dale W. Jorgenson</a> (2000)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2001–present</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sherwin_Rosen" title="Sherwin Rosen">Sherwin Rosen</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Lucas_Jr." title="Robert Lucas Jr.">Robert Lucas Jr.</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Diamond" title="Peter Diamond">Peter Diamond</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Feldstein" title="Martin Feldstein">Martin Feldstein</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_McFadden" title="Daniel McFadden">Daniel McFadden</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Akerlof" title="George Akerlof">George Akerlof</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_J._Sargent" title="Thomas J. Sargent">Thomas J. Sargent</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avinash_Dixit" title="Avinash Dixit">Avinash Dixit</a> (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angus_Deaton" title="Angus Deaton">Angus Deaton</a> (2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Hall_(economist)" title="Robert Hall (economist)">Robert Hall</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orley_Ashenfelter" title="Orley Ashenfelter">Orley Ashenfelter</a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christopher_A._Sims" title="Christopher A. Sims">Christopher A. Sims</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claudia_Goldin" title="Claudia Goldin">Claudia Goldin</a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Nordhaus" title="William Nordhaus">William Nordhaus</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Thaler" title="Richard Thaler">Richard Thaler</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_J._Shiller" title="Robert J. Shiller">Robert J. Shiller</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alvin_E._Roth" title="Alvin E. Roth">Alvin E. Roth</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olivier_Blanchard" title="Olivier Blanchard">Olivier Blanchard</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ben_Bernanke" title="Ben Bernanke">Ben Bernanke</a> (2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janet_Yellen" title="Janet Yellen">Janet Yellen</a> (2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Card" title="David Card">David Card</a> (2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christina_Romer" title="Christina Romer">Christina Romer</a> (2022)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Susan_Athey" title="Susan Athey">Susan Athey</a> (2023)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janet_Currie" title="Janet Currie">Janet Currie</a> (2024)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div 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Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000108988883">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/49303086">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/6698/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJdM9GGtBy3QkQfxxMpF8C">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/170048454">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Harberger, Arnold C."><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n50020566">United States</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb123706153">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb123706153">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/001303448">Japan</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=vse2013788814&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p072735783">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007262320305171">Israel</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cantic.bnc.cat/registre/981058523202406706">Catalonia</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA00662071?l=en">CiNii</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mathgenealogy.org/id.php?id=199305">Mathematics Genealogy Project</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/059540311">IdRef</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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