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<span>Features</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Features-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Features subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Features-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Ambiguities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ambiguities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Ambiguities</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ambiguities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Variants,_use_of_diacritics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Variants,_use_of_diacritics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Variants, use of diacritics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Variants,_use_of_diacritics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Differences_to_Serbian_and_Macedonian_cursives" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Differences_to_Serbian_and_Macedonian_cursives"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Differences to Serbian and Macedonian cursives</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Differences_to_Serbian_and_Macedonian_cursives-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Charts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Charts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Charts</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Charts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label 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interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfabet_cursiu_rus" title="Alfabet cursiu rus – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Alfabet cursiu rus" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfabeto_cursivo_ruso" title="Alfabeto cursivo ruso – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Alfabeto cursivo ruso" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cursive_cyrillique" title="Cursive cyrillique – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Cursive cyrillique" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosyjska_kursywa" title="Rosyjska kursywa – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Rosyjska kursywa" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfabeto_russo_cursivo" title="Alfabeto russo cursivo – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Alfabeto russo cursivo" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BC%D0%BE" title="Русское рукописное письмо – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" 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class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Handwritten form of Russian Cyrillic</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Confusing plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-style ambox-confusing" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/40px-Edit-clear.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/60px-Edit-clear.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/80px-Edit-clear.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>may be <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Vagueness" title="Wikipedia:Vagueness">confusing or unclear</a> to readers</b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify">clarify the article</a>. There might be a discussion about this on <a href="/wiki/Talk:Russian_cursive" title="Talk:Russian cursive">the talk page</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">November 2018</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian language</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Russian_alphabet" title="Russian alphabet">Russian alphabet</a> and <a href="/wiki/Russian_orthography" title="Russian orthography">Russian orthography</a></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Russian_cursive.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Russian_cursive.jpg/300px-Russian_cursive.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="400" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Russian_cursive.jpg/450px-Russian_cursive.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Russian_cursive.jpg/600px-Russian_cursive.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3120" data-file-height="4160" /></a><figcaption>Text written by a foreign student in Russian cursive. The text is called Встреча в Бразилии (meeting in Brazil).</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Russian cursive</b> is a variant of the Russian alphabet used for writing by hand. It is typically referred to as <span title="Russian-language text"><span lang="ru">(ру́сский) рукопи́сный шрифт</span></span> <i>(rússky) rukopísny shrift</i>, "(Russian) handwritten font". It is the handwritten form of the modern <a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a> <a href="/wiki/Cyrillic_script" title="Cyrillic script">Cyrillic script</a>, used instead of the <a href="/wiki/Russian_alphabet" title="Russian alphabet">block letters</a> seen in printed material. In addition, Russian <a href="/wiki/Italics" class="mw-redirect" title="Italics">italics</a> for lowercase letters are often based on Russian cursive (such as lowercase <span title="Russian-language text"><span lang="ru">т</span></span>, which resembles Latin <i>m</i>). Most handwritten Russian, especially in personal letters and schoolwork, uses the cursive alphabet. In Russian schools most children are taught from first grade how to write with this script. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Russian_cursive&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Petr_I_Order_(Ukase)_No.1736_20_december_1699.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Petr_I_Order_%28Ukase%29_No.1736_20_december_1699.jpg/125px-Petr_I_Order_%28Ukase%29_No.1736_20_december_1699.jpg" decoding="async" width="125" height="296" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Petr_I_Order_%28Ukase%29_No.1736_20_december_1699.jpg/188px-Petr_I_Order_%28Ukase%29_No.1736_20_december_1699.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Petr_I_Order_%28Ukase%29_No.1736_20_december_1699.jpg/250px-Petr_I_Order_%28Ukase%29_No.1736_20_december_1699.jpg 2x" data-file-width="324" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption>A <a href="/wiki/Ukase" title="Ukase">ukase</a> written in the 17th-century Russian chancery cursive</figcaption></figure> <p>The Russian (and Cyrillic in general) cursive was developed during the 18th century on the base of the earlier Cyrillic <a href="/wiki/Tachygraphic" class="mw-redirect" title="Tachygraphic">tachygraphic</a> writing (<span title="Russian-language text"><span lang="ru">ско́ропись</span></span>, <i><a href="/wiki/Skoropis" title="Skoropis">skoropis</a></i>, "rapid or running script"), which in turn was the 14th–17th-century <a href="/wiki/Chancery_hand" title="Chancery hand">chancery hand</a> of the earlier Cyrillic <a href="/wiki/Bookhand" class="mw-redirect" title="Bookhand">bookhand</a> scripts (called <i><a href="/wiki/Early_Cyrillic_alphabet" title="Early Cyrillic alphabet">ustav</a></i> and <i>poluustav</i>). It became the handwritten counterpart of so-called "<a href="/wiki/Reforms_of_Russian_orthography#18th-century_changes" title="Reforms of Russian orthography">civil</a>" (or <a href="/wiki/Peter_the_Great" title="Peter the Great">Petrine</a>) printed script of books. In order<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="The text near this tag may need clarification or removal of jargon. (January 2024)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup>, modern Cyrillic <a href="/wiki/Italic_type" title="Italic type">italic</a> typefaces are based (in their lowercase part) mostly on the cursive shape of the letters. </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Old_Russian_Italic.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Old_Russian_Italic.jpg/125px-Old_Russian_Italic.jpg" decoding="async" width="125" height="69" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Old_Russian_Italic.jpg/188px-Old_Russian_Italic.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Old_Russian_Italic.jpg/250px-Old_Russian_Italic.jpg 2x" data-file-width="492" data-file-height="272" /></a><figcaption>18th-century Russian italic font, note unusual "square" minuscule <a href="/wiki/Ve_(Cyrillic)" title="Ve (Cyrillic)">в</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The resulting cursive bears many similarities with the Latin cursive.<sup id="cite_ref-Белоконь_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Белоконь-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For example, the modern Russian cursive letter "<span title="Russian-language text"><span lang="ru">п</span></span>" may coincide with Latin cursive "n" (𝓃) (despite having completely different sound values); both upright and italic printed typefaces demonstrate less similarity. </p><p>One must not confuse the historical Russian chancery hand (<span title="Russian-language text"><span lang="ru">ско́ропись</span></span>, <i>skóropis' </i>), the contemporary Russian cursive (<span title="Russian-language text"><span lang="ru">рукопи́сное письмо́</span></span>, <i>rukopísnoe pis'mó</i>) and the contemporary Russian <a href="/wiki/Stenography" class="mw-redirect" title="Stenography">stenography</a>. The latter is completely different from the other two, though it is sometimes called <span title="Russian-language text"><span lang="ru">ско́ропись</span></span>, <i>skóropis' </i>, like the former. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Features">Features</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Russian_cursive&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Features"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Russian cursive is much like contemporary English and other Latin cursives. But unlike Latin handwriting, which can range from fully cursive to heavily resembling the printed typefaces and where idiosyncratic mixed systems are most common, it is standard practice to write in Russian cursive almost exclusively. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ambiguities">Ambiguities</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Russian_cursive&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Ambiguities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There exists some ambiguity from the fact that several lowercase cursive letters consist (entirely or in part) of the element that is identical to the dotless Latin cursive letter <i><a href="/wiki/I" title="I">ı</a></i>, the cursive Greek letter <a href="/wiki/%CE%99" class="mw-redirect" title="Ι">ι</a> or a half of the cursive letter <i>u</i>, namely <span title="Russian-language text"><span lang="ru">и, л, м, ш, щ, ы</span></span>. Therefore, certain combinations of these Russian letters cannot be unambiguously deciphered without knowing the language or without a broader context. For example, in the words <span style="font-family: times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><i><span title="Russian-language text"><span lang="ru">во<b>лш</b>ебник</span></span></i></span>, "magician" and <span style="font-family: times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><i><span title="Russian-language text"><span lang="ru">до<b>ми</b>к</span></span></i></span>, "little house" the combinations <span title="Russian-language text"><span lang="ru"><b>лш</b></span></span> and <span title="Russian-language text"><span lang="ru"><b>ми</b></span></span> are written identically. The word <span style="font-family: times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><i><b><span title="Russian-language text"><span lang="ru">лишишь</span></span></b></i></span>, "you will deprive" written in cursive consists almost exclusively of these elements. There are examples of different words that become absolutely identical in their cursive form, e.g. <span style="font-family: times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><i><b><span title="Russian-language text"><span lang="ru">мщу</span></span></b></i></span> "I avenge" and <span style="font-family: times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><i><b><span title="Russian-language text"><span lang="ru">лицу</span></span></b></i></span> (dative of <span style="font-family: times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span title="Russian-language text"><span lang="ru">лицо</span></span></span> "face"). The most radical form of this, though not well known, is the Tajik word <span style="font-family: times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><i><b><span title="Russian-language text"><span lang="ru">миллии</span></span></b></i></span> meaning 'national'. It consists only of these elements. </p><p>Some words in Russian may pose a challenge due to the similarities between the letters Ш, Щ, И, Л, М in cursive. </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tnone center"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:442px;max-width:442px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:440px;max-width:440px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:155px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Russian_word_in_cursive_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Russian_word_in_cursive_01.jpg/438px-Russian_word_in_cursive_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="438" height="155" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Russian_word_in_cursive_01.jpg/657px-Russian_word_in_cursive_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Russian_word_in_cursive_01.jpg/876px-Russian_word_in_cursive_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4160" data-file-height="1475" /></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:440px;max-width:440px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:161px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Russian_word_in_cursive_02.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Russian_word_in_cursive_02.jpg/438px-Russian_word_in_cursive_02.jpg" decoding="async" width="438" height="161" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Russian_word_in_cursive_02.jpg/657px-Russian_word_in_cursive_02.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Russian_word_in_cursive_02.jpg/876px-Russian_word_in_cursive_02.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4160" data-file-height="1532" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">The word решили (reshili), which means "they decided", or "it was decided". In red, a decomposition of the handwritten text showing the block letter equivalent.</div></div></div></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Variants,_use_of_diacritics"><span id="Variants.2C_use_of_diacritics"></span>Variants, use of diacritics</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Russian_cursive&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Variants, use of diacritics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%D0%91%D0%A1%D0%AD1._%D0%90%D0%B2%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84._%D0%90%D0%B2%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%8B._17.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/%D0%91%D0%A1%D0%AD1._%D0%90%D0%B2%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84._%D0%90%D0%B2%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%8B._17.svg/300px-%D0%91%D0%A1%D0%AD1._%D0%90%D0%B2%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84._%D0%90%D0%B2%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%8B._17.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="63" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/%D0%91%D0%A1%D0%AD1._%D0%90%D0%B2%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84._%D0%90%D0%B2%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%8B._17.svg/450px-%D0%91%D0%A1%D0%AD1._%D0%90%D0%B2%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84._%D0%90%D0%B2%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%8B._17.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/%D0%91%D0%A1%D0%AD1._%D0%90%D0%B2%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84._%D0%90%D0%B2%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%8B._17.svg/600px-%D0%91%D0%A1%D0%AD1._%D0%90%D0%B2%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84._%D0%90%D0%B2%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%8B._17.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1327" data-file-height="279" /></a><figcaption>A signature of <a href="/wiki/Fyodor_Dostoevsky" title="Fyodor Dostoevsky">Fyodor Dostoevsky</a> showing a stylized macron above the ⟨<i><a href="/wiki/%D0%A2" class="mw-redirect" title="Т">т</a></i>⟩ in "Достоевскій"</figcaption></figure> <p>In some forms of cursive, the distinction between <span title="Russian-language text"><span lang="ru">т</span></span> and <span title="Russian-language text"><span lang="ru">ш</span></span> may become elusive because both are written in the shapes of either <i>m</i> or <i>ɯ</i>. To alleviate this case of ambiguity, a <a href="/wiki/Macron_(diacritic)#Other_uses" title="Macron (diacritic)">horizontal bar</a> can be written above the character (like <i>m̅</i> or rarely <i>ɯ̅</i>) if it is <span title="Russian-language text"><span lang="ru">т</span></span>, or below (like <i>ɯ̲</i> or rarely <i>m̲</i>) if it is <span title="Russian-language text"><span lang="ru">ш</span></span>. Also, writing <span title="Russian-language text"><span lang="ru">т</span></span> in its printed form (the <i>T</i> shape) rather than its usual <i>m</i> shape is common. </p><p>The letter <span title="Russian-language text"><span lang="ru">д</span></span> may also be written in the shape of <a href="/wiki/%EA%9D%B9" class="mw-redirect" title="Ꝺ">ꝺ</a> or <a href="/wiki/%E2%88%82" title="∂">∂</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Differences_to_Serbian_and_Macedonian_cursives">Differences to Serbian and Macedonian cursives</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Russian_cursive&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Differences to Serbian and Macedonian cursives"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Several letters in Russian cursive are different from the cursive used in the <a href="/wiki/Serbian_language" title="Serbian language">Serbian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Macedonian_language" title="Macedonian language">Macedonian</a> languages. Thus, Serbian/Macedonian cursive lowercase г looks the same as in Russian with additional macron, п is written like the cursive Latin <i>u</i> with macron (<i>ū</i>), and the letter т is written in the shape of <i>ɯ̅</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Charts">Charts</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Russian_cursive&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Charts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 165.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 163.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Russian_handwriting_19_century.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Varieties of Russian calligraphic cursive from an 1835 dictionary"><img alt="Varieties of Russian calligraphic cursive from an 1835 dictionary" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Russian_handwriting_19_century.jpg/245px-Russian_handwriting_19_century.jpg" decoding="async" width="164" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Russian_handwriting_19_century.jpg/368px-Russian_handwriting_19_century.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Russian_handwriting_19_century.jpg/491px-Russian_handwriting_19_century.jpg 2x" data-file-width="542" data-file-height="596" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Varieties of Russian calligraphic cursive from an 1835 dictionary</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 159.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 157.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Russian_Cyrillic_handwriting_Flerov_1916.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Pre-reform Russian calligraphic cursive from a 1916 schoolbook"><img alt="Pre-reform Russian calligraphic cursive from a 1916 schoolbook" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Russian_Cyrillic_handwriting_Flerov_1916.png/236px-Russian_Cyrillic_handwriting_Flerov_1916.png" decoding="async" width="158" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Russian_Cyrillic_handwriting_Flerov_1916.png/353px-Russian_Cyrillic_handwriting_Flerov_1916.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Russian_Cyrillic_handwriting_Flerov_1916.png/471px-Russian_Cyrillic_handwriting_Flerov_1916.png 2x" data-file-width="959" data-file-height="1099" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Reforms_of_Russian_orthography" title="Reforms of Russian orthography">Pre-reform</a> Russian calligraphic cursive from a 1916 schoolbook</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 566px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 564px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Russian_Cursive_Cyrillic.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Modern cursive taught in schools"><img alt="Modern cursive taught in schools" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Russian_Cursive_Cyrillic.svg/846px-Russian_Cursive_Cyrillic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="564" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Russian_Cursive_Cyrillic.svg/1269px-Russian_Cursive_Cyrillic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Russian_Cursive_Cyrillic.svg/1692px-Russian_Cursive_Cyrillic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="470" data-file-height="150" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Modern cursive taught in schools</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Russian_cursive&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cursive" title="Cursive">Cursive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_alphabet" title="Russian alphabet">Russian alphabet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skoropis%E2%80%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="Skoropis′">Skoropis′</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Russian_cursive&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Белоконь-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Белоконь_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFБелоконь2001" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Белоконь, Е. А. (2001). <bdi lang="ru">Характеристика почерков XVIII-XIX вв. и термины в описаниях собраний рукописей</bdi> [Characteristic handwriting XVIII-XIX centuries. and terms in descriptions of manuscript collections]. <bdi lang="ru">Вспомогательные исторические дисциплины: специальные функции и гуманитарные перспективы ; тезисы докладов и сообщений XIII научной конференции</bdi> [<i>Auxiliary Historical Disciplines: Special Functions and Humanitarian Perspectives; Abstracts of Reports and Communications of the XIII Scientific Conference</i>] (in Russian). Moscow. <q><span title="Russian-language text"><span lang="ru">Термины «скоропись» и «курсив» в русской палеографии применяются параллельно, в то же время, в развитии русской скорописи намечаются тенденции, позволяющие выделить новый тип письма, схожий с латинским курсивным письмом, близким к современному. Если в частной сфере применения и в каллиграфии быстрее произошел переход к использованию курсивного письма, то в делопроизводственной традиции эти типы письма довольно долго сосуществовали.</span></span> <br /> ≈ "Terms 'tachygraphy' and 'cursive' coexist in the Russian palaeography; meanwhile, in the development of the Russian tachygraphy there are tendencies that allow us to separate a new type of writing, one closer to the Latin cursive similar to its modern form. In the private sphere and in calligraphy, transition to the cursive writing occurred faster, but in the tradition of record keeping, these types of writing coexisted for a long time.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0+%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2+XVIII-XIX+%D0%B2%D0%B2.+%D0%B8+%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%8B+%D0%B2+%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F%D1%85+%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B9&rft.btitle=%D0%92%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5+%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B5+%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%8B%3A+%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5+%D1%84%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%BA%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B8+%D0%B8+%D0%B3%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5+%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2%D1%8B+%3B+%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%8B+%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2+%D0%B8+%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%89%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9+XIII+%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%83%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9+%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B8&rft.place=Moscow&rft.date=2001&rft.aulast=%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%8C&rft.aufirst=%D0%95.+%D0%90.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARussian+cursive" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="PravopisSrpskog" class="citation book cs1">Peshikan, Mitar; Jerković, Jovan; Pižurica, Mato (1994). <i>Pravopis srpskoga jezika</i>. Beograd: Matica Srpska. p. 42. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/86-363-0296-X" title="Special:BookSources/86-363-0296-X"><bdi>86-363-0296-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Pravopis+srpskoga+jezika&rft.place=Beograd&rft.pages=42&rft.pub=Matica+Srpska&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=86-363-0296-X&rft.aulast=Peshikan&rft.aufirst=Mitar&rft.au=Jerkovi%C4%87%2C+Jovan&rft.au=Pi%C5%BEurica%2C+Mato&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARussian+cursive" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="MakedonskiPravopis" class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pravopis.mk/sites/default/files/Pravopis-2017.PDF"><i>Pravopis na makedonskiot jazik</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Skopje: Institut za makedonski jazik Krste Misirkov. 2017. p. 3. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-608-220-042-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-608-220-042-2"><bdi>978-608-220-042-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Pravopis+na+makedonskiot+jazik&rft.place=Skopje&rft.pages=3&rft.pub=Institut+za+makedonski+jazik+Krste+Misirkov&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=978-608-220-042-2&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pravopis.mk%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2FPravopis-2017.PDF&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARussian+cursive" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output 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href="/wiki/Template:European_calligraphy" title="Template:European calligraphy"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:European_calligraphy" title="Template talk:European calligraphy"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:European_calligraphy" title="Special:EditPage/Template:European calligraphy"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Types_of_handwritten_European_scripts" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Types of <a href="/wiki/Handwriting_script" title="Handwriting script">handwritten</a> European <a href="/wiki/Handwriting_script" title="Handwriting script">scripts</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ancient<br /> and medieval</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Roman_cursive" title="Roman cursive">Roman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rustic_capitals" title="Rustic capitals">Rustic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uncial_script" title="Uncial script">Uncial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visigothic_script" title="Visigothic script">Visigothic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merovingian_script" title="Merovingian script">Merovingian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carolingian_minuscule" title="Carolingian minuscule">Carolingian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insular_script" title="Insular script">Insular script</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beneventan_script" title="Beneventan script">Beneventan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blackletter" title="Blackletter">Blackletter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rotunda_(script)" title="Rotunda (script)">Rotunda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bastarda" title="Bastarda">Bastarda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgian_calligraphy" title="Georgian calligraphy">Georgian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_minuscule" title="Greek minuscule">Greek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Early_Cyrillic_alphabet" title="Early Cyrillic alphabet">Early Cyrillic</a> <ul><li>Ustav</li> <li>Poluustav</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbian_Cyrillic" class="mw-redirect" title="Serbian Cyrillic">Serbian Cyrillic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bosnian_Cyrillic" title="Bosnian Cyrillic">Bosančica</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glagolitic_script" title="Glagolitic script">Glagolitic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Croatian_Glagolitic" class="mw-redirect" title="Croatian Glagolitic">Angular</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Court_hand" title="Court hand">Court hand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lombardic_capitals" title="Lombardic capitals">Lombardic</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="3" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Calligraphy.malmesbury.bible.arp.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Calligraphy.malmesbury.bible.arp.jpg/100px-Calligraphy.malmesbury.bible.arp.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="67" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Calligraphy.malmesbury.bible.arp.jpg/150px-Calligraphy.malmesbury.bible.arp.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Calligraphy.malmesbury.bible.arp.jpg/200px-Calligraphy.malmesbury.bible.arp.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1011" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Modern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cursive" title="Cursive">Cursive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chancery_hand" title="Chancery hand">Chancery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johannine_script" title="Johannine script">Johannine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humanist_minuscule" title="Humanist minuscule">Humanist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italic_script" title="Italic script">Italic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Round_hand" title="Round hand">Round</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secretary_hand" title="Secretary hand">Secretary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Library_hand" title="Library hand">Library</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Technical_lettering" title="Technical lettering">Technical lettering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Copperplate_script" title="Copperplate script">Copperplate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spencerian_Method" class="mw-redirect" title="Spencerian Method">Spencerian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ronde_script" title="Ronde script">Ronde</a></li> <li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Kurrent" title="Kurrent">Kurrent</a></i></span></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Russian cursive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skoropis" title="Skoropis">Skoropis</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_skoropys" 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