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refinement</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: Rietveld refinement"> <meta name="keywords" content="Rietveld refinement"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none 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action="https://publications.waset.org/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="Rietveld refinement"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 65</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: Rietveld refinement</h1> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">65</span> Synthesis, Structure and Properties of NZP/NASICON Structured Materials</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=E.%20A.%20Asabina">E. A. Asabina</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=V.%20I.%20Pet%27kov"> V. I. Pet'kov</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=P.%20A.%20Mayorov"> P. A. Mayorov</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=A.%20V.%20Markin"> A. V. Markin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=N.%20N.%20Smirnova"> N. N. Smirnova</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=A.%20M.%20Kovalskii"> A. M. Kovalskii</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=A.%20A.%20Usenko"> A. A. Usenko</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>The purpose of this work was to synthesize and investigate phase formation, structure and thermophysical properties of the phosphates M<sub>0.5+<em>x</em></sub>M'<em><sub>x</sub></em>Zr<sub>2–<em>x</em></sub>(PO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>3</sub> (M – Cd, Sr, Pb; M' – Mg, Co, Mn). The compounds were synthesized by sol-gel method. The results showed formation of limited solid solutions of NZP/NASICON type. The crystal structures of triple phosphates of the compositions MMg<sub>0.5</sub>Zr<sub>1.5</sub>(PO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>3</sub> were refined by the Rietveld method using XRD data. Heat capacity (8–660 K) of the phosphates Pb<sub>0.5+<em>x</em></sub>Mg<sub>x</sub>Zr<sub>2-<em>x</em></sub>(PO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>3</sub> (<em>x</em> = 0, 0.5) was measured, and reversible polymorphic transitions were found at temperatures, close to the room temperature. The results of Rietveld structure refinement showed the polymorphism caused by disordering of lead cations in the cavities of NZP/NASICON structure. Thermal expansion (298−1073 K) of the phosphates MMg<sub>0.5</sub>Zr<sub>1.5</sub>(PO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>3</sub> was studied by XRD method, and the compounds were found to belong to middle and low-expanding materials. Thermal diffusivity (298–573 K) of the ceramic samples of phosphates slightly decreased with temperature increasing. As was demonstrated, the studied phosphates are characterized by the better thermophysical characteristics than widespread fire-resistant materials, such as zirconia and etc.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=NASICON" title="NASICON">NASICON</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=NZP" title=" NZP"> NZP</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=phosphate" title=" phosphate"> phosphate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=structure" title=" structure"> structure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=synthesis" title=" synthesis"> synthesis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=thermophysical%20properties." title=" thermophysical properties. "> thermophysical properties. </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010967/synthesis-structure-and-properties-of-nzpnasicon-structured-materials" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010967/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010967/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010967/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010967/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010967/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010967/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010967/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010967/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010967/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010967/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010967.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">841</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">64</span> Refinement of Object-Z Specifications Using Morgan-s Refinement Calculus</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Mehrnaz%20Najafi">Mehrnaz Najafi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Hassan%20Haghighi"> Hassan Haghighi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Morgan-s refinement calculus (MRC) is one of the well-known methods allowing the formality presented in the program specification to be continued all the way to code. On the other hand, Object-Z (OZ) is an extension of Z adding support for classes and objects. There are a number of methods for obtaining code from OZ specifications that can be categorized into refinement and animation methods. As far as we know, only one refinement method exists which refines OZ specifications into code. However, this method does not have fine-grained refinement rules and thus cannot be automated. On the other hand, existing animation methods do not present mapping rules formally and do not support the mapping of several important constructs of OZ, such as all cases of operation expressions and most of constructs in global paragraph. In this paper, with the aim of providing an automatic path from OZ specifications to code, we propose an approach to map OZ specifications into their counterparts in MRC in order to use fine-grained refinement rules of MRC. In this way, having counterparts of our specifications in MRC, we can refine them into code automatically using MRC tools such as RED. Other advantages of our work pertain to proposing mapping rules formally, supporting the mapping of all important constructs of Object-Z, and considering dynamic instantiation of objects while OZ itself does not cover this facility. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Formal%20method" title="Formal method">Formal method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Formal%20specification" title=" Formal specification"> Formal specification</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Formalprogram%20development" title=" Formalprogram development"> Formalprogram development</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Morgan%27s%20Refinement%20Calculus" title=" Morgan's Refinement Calculus"> Morgan's Refinement Calculus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Object-Z" title=" Object-Z"> Object-Z</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2100/refinement-of-object-z-specifications-using-morgan-s-refinement-calculus" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2100/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2100/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2100/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2100/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2100/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2100/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2100/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2100/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2100/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2100/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2100.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1320</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">63</span> Performance Evaluation of Refinement Method for Wideband Two-Beams Formation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=C.%20Bunsanit">C. Bunsanit</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>This paper presents the refinement method for two beams formation of wideband smart antenna. The refinement method for weighting coefficients is based on Fully Spatial Signal Processing by taking Inverse Discrete Fourier Transform (IDFT), and its simulation results are presented using MATLAB. The radiation pattern is created by multiplying the incoming signal with real weights and then summing them together. These real weighting coefficients are computed by IDFT method; however, the range of weight values is relatively wide. Therefore, for reducing this range, the refinement method is used. The radiation pattern concerns with five input parameters to control. These parameters are maximum weighting coefficient, wideband signal, direction of mainbeam, beamwidth, and maximum of minor lobe level. Comparison of the obtained simulation results between using refinement method and taking only IDFT shows that the refinement method works well for wideband two beams formation.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Fully%20spatial%20signal%20processing" title="Fully spatial signal processing">Fully spatial signal processing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=beam%20forming" title=" beam forming"> beam forming</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=refinement%20method" title=" refinement method"> refinement method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=smart%20antenna" title=" smart antenna"> smart antenna</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=weighting%20coefficient" title=" weighting coefficient"> weighting coefficient</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=wideband." title=" wideband."> wideband.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006150/performance-evaluation-of-refinement-method-for-wideband-two-beams-formation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006150/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006150/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006150/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006150/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006150/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006150/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006150/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006150/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006150/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006150/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006150.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1079</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">62</span> Numerical Modelling of Surface Waves Generated by Low Frequency Electromagnetic Field for Silicon Refinement Process</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=V.%20Geza">V. Geza</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=J.%20Vencels"> J. Vencels</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=G.%20Zageris"> G. Zageris</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=S.%20Pavlovs"> S. Pavlovs</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>One of the most perspective methods to produce SoG-Si is refinement via metallurgical route. The most critical part of this route is refinement from boron and phosphorus. Therefore, a new approach could address this problem. We propose an approach of creating surface waves on silicon melt’s surface in order to enlarge its area and accelerate removal of boron via chemical reactions and evaporation of phosphorus. A two dimensional numerical model is created which includes coupling of electromagnetic and fluid dynamic simulations with free surface dynamics. First results show behaviour similar to experimental results from literature.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Numerical%20modelling" title="Numerical modelling">Numerical modelling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=silicon%20refinement" title=" silicon refinement"> silicon refinement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=surface%20waves" title=" surface waves"> surface waves</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=VOF%20method." title=" VOF method."> VOF method.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008723/numerical-modelling-of-surface-waves-generated-by-low-frequency-electromagnetic-field-for-silicon-refinement-process" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008723/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008723/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008723/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008723/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008723/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008723/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008723/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008723/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008723/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008723/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008723.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">811</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">61</span> Jacobi-Based Methods in Solving Fuzzy Linear Systems</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Lazim%20Abdullah">Lazim Abdullah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Nurhakimah%20Ab.%20Rahman"> Nurhakimah Ab. Rahman</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>Linear systems are widely used in many fields of science and engineering. In many applications, at least some of the parameters of the system are represented by fuzzy rather than crisp numbers. Therefore it is important to perform numerical algorithms or procedures that would treat general fuzzy linear systems and solve them using iterative methods. This paper aims are to solve fuzzy linear systems using four types of Jacobi based iterative methods. Four iterative methods based on Jacobi are used for solving a general n × n fuzzy system of linear equations of the form Ax = b , where A is a crisp matrix and b an arbitrary fuzzy vector. The Jacobi, Jacobi Over-Relaxation, Refinement of Jacobi and Refinement of Jacobi Over-Relaxation methods was tested to a five by five fuzzy linear system. It is found that all the tested methods were iterated differently. Due to the effect of extrapolation parameters and the refinement, the Refinement of Jacobi Over-Relaxation method was outperformed the other three methods.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Fuzzy%20linear%20systems" title="Fuzzy linear systems">Fuzzy linear systems</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Jacobi" title=" Jacobi"> Jacobi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Jacobi%20Over-%0D%0ARelaxation" title=" Jacobi Over- Relaxation"> Jacobi Over- Relaxation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Refinement%20of%20Jacobi" title=" Refinement of Jacobi"> Refinement of Jacobi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Refinement%20of%20Jacobi%20Over-%0D%0ARelaxation." title=" Refinement of Jacobi Over- Relaxation."> Refinement of Jacobi Over- Relaxation.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16996/jacobi-based-methods-in-solving-fuzzy-linear-systems" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16996/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16996/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16996/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16996/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16996/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16996/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16996/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16996/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16996/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16996/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16996.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2410</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">60</span> Pressure Study on Mn Doped KDP System under Hydrostatic Pressure</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=W.%20Paraguassu">W. Paraguassu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=S.%20Guerini"> S. Guerini</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=C.%20M.%20R.%20Rem%C3%A9dios"> C. M. R. Remédios</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=P.%20T.%20C.%20Freire"> P. T. C. Freire</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>High Pressure Raman scattering measurements of KDP:Mn were performed at room temperatures. The X-ray powder diffraction patterns taken at room temperature by Rietveld refinement showed that doped samples of KDP-Mn have the same tetragonal structure of a pure KDP crystal, but with a contraction of the crystalline cell. The behavior of the Raman spectra, in particular the emergence of a new modes at 330 cm-1, indicates that KDP:Mn undergoes a structural phase transition with onset at around 4 GP. First principle density-functional theory (DFT) calculations indicate that tetrahedral rotation with pressure is predominantly around the c crystalline direction. Theoretical results indicates that pressure induced tetrahedral rotations leads to change tetrahedral neighborhood, activating librations/bending modes observed for high pressure phase of KDP:Mn with stronger Raman activity.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Dipotassium%20molybdate" title="Dipotassium molybdate">Dipotassium molybdate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=High%20pressure" title=" High pressure"> High pressure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Raman%0D%0Ascattering" title=" Raman scattering"> Raman scattering</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Phase%20transition" title=" Phase transition"> Phase transition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=ab%20initio" title=" ab initio"> ab initio</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7834/pressure-study-on-mn-doped-kdp-system-under-hydrostatic-pressure" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7834/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7834/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7834/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7834/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7834/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7834/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7834/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7834/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7834/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7834/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7834.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1533</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">59</span> Covering-based Rough sets Based on the Refinement of Covering-element</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Jianguo%20Tang">Jianguo Tang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Kun%20She"> Kun She</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=William%20Zhu"> William Zhu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Covering-based rough sets is an extension of rough sets and it is based on a covering instead of a partition of the universe. Therefore it is more powerful in describing some practical problems than rough sets. However, by extending the rough sets, covering-based rough sets can increase the roughness of each model in recognizing objects. How to obtain better approximations from the models of a covering-based rough sets is an important issue. In this paper, two concepts, determinate elements and indeterminate elements in a universe, are proposed and given precise definitions respectively. This research makes a reasonable refinement of the covering-element from a new viewpoint. And the refinement may generate better approximations of covering-based rough sets models. To prove the theory above, it is applied to eight major coveringbased rough sets models which are adapted from other literature. The result is, in all these models, the lower approximation increases effectively. Correspondingly, in all models, the upper approximation decreases with exceptions of two models in some special situations. Therefore, the roughness of recognizing objects is reduced. This research provides a new approach to the study and application of covering-based rough sets. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Determinate%20element" title="Determinate element">Determinate element</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=indeterminate%20element" title=" indeterminate element"> indeterminate element</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=refinementof%20covering-element" title=" refinementof covering-element"> refinementof covering-element</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=refinement%20of%20covering" title=" refinement of covering"> refinement of covering</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=covering-basedrough%20sets." title=" covering-basedrough sets."> covering-basedrough sets.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8682/covering-based-rough-sets-based-on-the-refinement-of-covering-element" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8682/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8682/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8682/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8682/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8682/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8682/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8682/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8682/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8682/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8682/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8682.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1322</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">58</span> Conventional Synthesis and Characterization of Zirconium Molybdate, Nd2Zr3(MoO4)9 </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=G.%20%C3%87elik%20G%C3%BCl">G. Çelik Gül</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=F.%20Kurtulu%C5%9F"> F. Kurtuluş</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Rare earths containing complex metal oxides have drawn much attention due to physical, chemical and optical properties which make them feasible in so many areas such as non-linear optical materials and ion exchanger. We have researched a systematic study to obtain rare earth containing zirconium molybdate compound, characterization, investigation of crystal system and calculation of unit cell parameters.  After a successful synthesis of Nd<sub>2</sub>Zr<sub>3</sub>(MoO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>9</sub> which is a member of rare earth metal containing complex oxides family, X-ray diffraction (XRD), High Score Plus/Rietveld refinement analysis, and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) were completed to determine the crystal structure. Morphological properties and elemental composition were determined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis. Thermal properties were observed via Thermogravimetric-differential thermal analysis (TG/DTA). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Nd2Zr3%28MoO4%299" title="Nd2Zr3(MoO4)9">Nd2Zr3(MoO4)9</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=solid%20state%20synthesis" title=" solid state synthesis"> solid state synthesis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=powder%20x-ray%20diffraction" title=" powder x-ray diffraction"> powder x-ray diffraction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=zirconium%20molybdates." title=" zirconium molybdates. "> zirconium molybdates. </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006165/conventional-synthesis-and-characterization-of-zirconium-molybdate-nd2zr3moo49" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006165/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006165/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006165/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006165/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006165/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006165/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006165/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006165/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006165/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006165/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006165.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1091</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">57</span> Structure and Magnetic Properties of Nanocomposite Fe2O3/TiO2 Catalysts Fabricated by Heterogeneous Precipitation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Jana%20P.%20Vejpravova">Jana P. Vejpravova</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Daniel%20Niznansky"> Daniel Niznansky</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Vaclav%20Vales"> Vaclav Vales</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Barbara%20Bittova"> Barbara Bittova</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Vaclav%20Tyrpekl"> Vaclav Tyrpekl</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Stanislav%0D%0ADanis"> Stanislav Danis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Vaclav%20Holy"> Vaclav Holy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Stephen%20Doyle"> Stephen Doyle</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The aim of our work is to study phase composition, particle size and magnetic response of Fe2O3/TiO2 nanocomposites with respect to the final annealing temperature. Those nanomaterials are considered as smart catalysts, separable from a liquid/gaseous phase by applied magnetic field. The starting product was obtained by an ecologically acceptable route, based on heterogeneous precipitation of the TiO2 on modified g-Fe2O3 nanocrystals dispersed in water. The precursor was subsequently annealed on air at temperatures ranging from 200 oC to 900 oC. The samples were investigated by synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction (S-PXRD), magnetic measurements and Mössbauer spectroscopy. As evidenced by S-PXRD and Mössbauer spectroscopy, increasing the annealing temperature causes evolution of the phase composition from anatase/maghemite to rutile/hematite, finally above 700 oC the pseudobrookite (Fe2TiO5) also forms. The apparent particle size of the various Fe2O3/TiO2 phases has been determined from the highquality S-PXRD data by using two different approaches: the Rietveld refinement and the Debye method. Magnetic response of the samples is discussed in considering the phase composition and the particle size. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=X-ray%20diffraction" title="X-ray diffraction">X-ray diffraction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=profile%20analysis" title=" profile analysis"> profile analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=M%C3%B6ssbauer%0D%0Aspectroscopy" title=" Mössbauer spectroscopy"> Mössbauer spectroscopy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=magnetic%20properties" title=" magnetic properties"> magnetic properties</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=TiO2" title=" TiO2"> TiO2</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Fe2O3" title=" Fe2O3"> Fe2O3</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Fe2TiO5" title=" Fe2TiO5"> Fe2TiO5</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/648/structure-and-magnetic-properties-of-nanocomposite-fe2o3tio2-catalysts-fabricated-by-heterogeneous-precipitation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/648/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/648/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/648/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/648/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/648/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/648/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/648/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/648/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/648/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/648/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/648.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2123</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">56</span> Springback Property and Texture Distribution of Grained Pure Copper</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Takashi%20Sakai">Takashi Sakai</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Hitoshi%20Omata"> Hitoshi Omata</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Jun-Ichi%20Koyama"> Jun-Ichi Koyama</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> To improve the material characteristics of single- and poly-crystals of pure copper, the respective relationships between crystallographic orientations and microstructures, and the bending and mechanical properties were examined. And texture distribution is also analyzed. A grain refinement procedure was performed to obtain a grained structure. Furthermore, some analytical results related to crystal direction maps, inverse pole figures, and textures were obtained from SEM-EBSD analyses. Results showed that these grained metallic materials have peculiar springback characteristics with various bending angles. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Pure%20Copper" title="Pure Copper">Pure Copper</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Grain%20Refinement" title=" Grain Refinement"> Grain Refinement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Environmental%20Materials" title=" Environmental Materials"> Environmental Materials</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=SEM-EBSD%20Analysis" title=" SEM-EBSD Analysis"> SEM-EBSD Analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Texture" title=" Texture"> Texture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Microstructure" title=" Microstructure"> Microstructure</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/369/springback-property-and-texture-distribution-of-grained-pure-copper" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/369/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/369/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/369/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/369/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/369/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/369/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/369/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/369/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/369/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/369/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/369.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2169</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">55</span> Stabilization of Transition Metal Chromite Nanoparticles in Silica Matrix</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Jiri%20Plocek">Jiri Plocek</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Petr%20Holec"> Petr Holec</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Simona%20Kubickova"> Simona Kubickova</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Barbara%20Pacakova"> Barbara Pacakova</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Irena%20Matulkova"> Irena Matulkova</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Alice%20Mantlikova"> Alice Mantlikova</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Ivan%20Nemec"> Ivan Nemec</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Daniel%20Niznansky"> Daniel Niznansky</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Jana%20Vejpravova"> Jana Vejpravova</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>This article presents summary on preparation and characterization of zinc, copper, cadmium and cobalt chromite nanocrystals, embedded in an amorphous silica matrix. The ZnCr2O4/SiO2, CuCr2O4/SiO2, CdCr2O4/SiO2 and CoCr2O4/SiO2 nanocomposites were prepared by a conventional sol-gel method under acid catalysis. Final heat treatment of the samples was carried out at temperatures in the range of 900−1200 ◦C to adjust the phase composition and the crystallite size, respectively. The resulting samples were characterized by Powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), High Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy (HRTEM), Raman/FTIR spectroscopy and magnetic measurements. Formation of the spinel phase was confirmed in all samples. The average size of the nanocrystals was determined from the PXRD data and by direct particle size observation on HRTEM; both results were correlated. The mean particle size (reviewed by HRTEM) was in the range from &sim;4 to 46 nm. The results showed that the sol-gel method can be effectively used for preparation of the spinel chromite nanoparticles embedded in the silica matrix and the particle size is driven by the type of the cation A2+ in the spinel structure and the temperature of the final heat treatment. Magnetic properties of the nanocrystals were found to be just moderately modified in comparison to the bulk phases.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Chromite" title="Chromite">Chromite</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Fourier%20transform%20infrared%20spectroscopy" title=" Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy"> Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=agnetic%20properties" title=" agnetic properties"> agnetic properties</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=nanocomposites" title=" nanocomposites"> nanocomposites</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Raman%20spectroscopy" title=" Raman spectroscopy"> Raman spectroscopy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Rietveld%20refinement" title=" Rietveld refinement"> Rietveld refinement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=sol-gel%20method" title=" sol-gel method"> sol-gel method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=spinel." title=" spinel."> spinel.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999702/stabilization-of-transition-metal-chromite-nanoparticles-in-silica-matrix" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999702/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999702/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999702/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999702/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999702/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999702/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999702/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999702/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999702/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999702/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999702.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2822</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">54</span> Ultra-Precise Hybrid Lens Distortion Correction</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Christian%20Br%C3%A4uer-Burchardt">Christian Bräuer-Burchardt</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Peter%20K%C3%BChmstedt"> Peter Kühmstedt</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Gunther%20Notni"> Gunther Notni</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A new hybrid method to realise high-precision distortion determination for optical ultra-precision 3D measurement systems based on stereo cameras using active light projection is introduced. It consists of two phases: the basic distortion determination and the refinement. The refinement phase of the procedure uses a plane surface and projected fringe patterns as calibration tools to determine simultaneously the distortion of both cameras within an iterative procedure. The new technique may be performed in the state of the device “ready for measurement" which avoids errors by a later adjustment. A considerable reduction of distortion errors is achieved and leads to considerable improvements of the accuracy of 3D measurements, especially in the precise measurement of smooth surfaces. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=3D%20Surface%20Measurement" title="3D Surface Measurement">3D Surface Measurement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Fringe%20Projection" title=" Fringe Projection"> Fringe Projection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Lens%0D%0ADistortion" title=" Lens Distortion"> Lens Distortion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Stereo." title=" Stereo."> Stereo.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10810/ultra-precise-hybrid-lens-distortion-correction" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10810/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10810/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10810/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10810/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10810/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10810/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10810/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10810/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10810/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10810/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10810.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2067</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">53</span> Development of AA2024 Matrix Composites Reinforced with Micro Yttrium through Cold Compaction with Superior Mechanical Properties</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=C.%20H.%20S.%20Vidyasagar">C. H. S. Vidyasagar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=D.%20B.%20Karunakar"> D. B. Karunakar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>In this present work, five different composite samples with AA2024 as matrix and varying amounts of yttrium (0.1-0.5 wt.%) as reinforcement are developed through cold compaction. The microstructures of the developed composite samples revealed that the yttrium reinforcement caused grain refinement up to 0.3 wt.% and beyond which the refinement is not effective. The microstructure revealed Al2Cu precipitation which strengthened the composite up to 0.3 wt.% yttrium reinforcement. Upon further increase in yttrium reinforcement, the intermetallics and the precipitation coarsen and their corresponding strengthening effect decreases. The mechanical characterization revealed that the composite sample reinforced with 0.3 wt.% yttrium showed highest mechanical properties like 82 HV of hardness, 276 MPa Ultimate Tensile Strength (UTS), 229 MPa Yield Strength (YS) and an elongation (EL) of 18.9% respectively. However, the relative density of the developed composites decreased with the increase in yttrium reinforcement.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Mechanical%20properties" title="Mechanical properties">Mechanical properties</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=AA%202024%20matrix" title=" AA 2024 matrix"> AA 2024 matrix</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=yttrium%20reinforcement" title=" yttrium reinforcement"> yttrium reinforcement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=cold%20compaction" title=" cold compaction"> cold compaction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=precipitation." title=" precipitation. "> precipitation. </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010754/development-of-aa2024-matrix-composites-reinforced-with-micro-yttrium-through-cold-compaction-with-superior-mechanical-properties" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010754/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010754/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010754/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010754/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010754/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010754/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010754/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010754/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010754/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010754/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010754.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">658</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">52</span> Optimal Image Compression Based on Sign and Magnitude Coding of Wavelet Coefficients</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Mbainaibeye%20J%C3%A9r%C3%B4me">Mbainaibeye Jérôme</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Noureddine%20Ellouze"> Noureddine Ellouze</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>Wavelet transforms is a very powerful tools for image compression. One of its advantage is the provision of both spatial and frequency localization of image energy. However, wavelet transform coefficients are defined by both a magnitude and sign. While algorithms exist for efficiently coding the magnitude of the transform coefficients, they are not efficient for the coding of their sign. It is generally assumed that there is no compression gain to be obtained from the coding of the sign. Only recently have some authors begun to investigate the sign of wavelet coefficients in image coding. Some authors have assumed that the sign information bit of wavelet coefficients may be encoded with the estimated probability of 0.5; the same assumption concerns the refinement information bit. In this paper, we propose a new method for Separate Sign Coding (SSC) of wavelet image coefficients. The sign and the magnitude of wavelet image coefficients are examined to obtain their online probabilities. We use the scalar quantization in which the information of the wavelet coefficient to belong to the lower or to the upper sub-interval in the uncertainly interval is also examined. We show that the sign information and the refinement information may be encoded by the probability of approximately 0.5 only after about five bit planes. Two maps are separately entropy encoded: the sign map and the magnitude map. The refinement information of the wavelet coefficient to belong to the lower or to the upper sub-interval in the uncertainly interval is also entropy encoded. An algorithm is developed and simulations are performed on three standard images in grey scale: Lena, Barbara and Cameraman. Five scales are performed using the biorthogonal wavelet transform 9/7 filter bank. The obtained results are compared to JPEG2000 standard in terms of peak signal to noise ration (PSNR) for the three images and in terms of subjective quality (visual quality). It is shown that the proposed method outperforms the JPEG2000. The proposed method is also compared to other codec in the literature. It is shown that the proposed method is very successful and shows its performance in term of PSNR.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Image%20compression" title="Image compression">Image compression</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=wavelet%20transform" title=" wavelet transform"> wavelet transform</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=sign%20coding" title=" sign coding"> sign coding</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=magnitude%20coding." title=" magnitude coding."> magnitude coding.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6714/optimal-image-compression-based-on-sign-and-magnitude-coding-of-wavelet-coefficients" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6714/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6714/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6714/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6714/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6714/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6714/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6714/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6714/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6714/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6714/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6714.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1672</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">51</span> Study on a Nested Cartesian Grid Method</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Yih-Ferng%20Peng">Yih-Ferng Peng</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, the local grid refinement is focused by using a nested grid technique. The Cartesian grid numerical method is developed for simulating unsteady, viscous, incompressible flows with complex immersed boundaries. A finite volume method is used in conjunction with a two-step fractional-step procedure. The key aspects that need to be considered in developing such a nested grid solver are imposition of interface conditions on the inter-block and accurate discretization of the governing equation in cells that are with the inter-block as a control surface. A new interpolation procedure is presented which allows systematic development of a spatial discretization scheme that preserves the spatial accuracy of the underlying solver. The present nested grid method has been tested by two numerical examples to examine its performance in the two dimensional problems. The numerical examples include flow past a circular cylinder symmetrically installed in a Channel and flow past two circular cylinders with different diameters. From the numerical experiments, the ability of the solver to simulate flows with complicated immersed boundaries is demonstrated and the nested grid approach can efficiently speed up the numerical solutions. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=local%20grid%20refinement" title="local grid refinement">local grid refinement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Cartesian%20grid" title=" Cartesian grid"> Cartesian grid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=nested%20grid" title=" nested grid"> nested grid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=fractional-step%20method." title="fractional-step method.">fractional-step method.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3785/study-on-a-nested-cartesian-grid-method" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3785/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3785/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3785/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3785/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3785/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3785/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3785/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3785/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3785/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3785/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3785.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1563</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">50</span> Simultaneous Improvement of Wear Performance and Toughness of Ledeburitic Tool Steels by Sub-Zero Treatment</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Peter%20Jur%C4%8Di">Peter Jurči</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Jana%20Pta%C4%8Dinov%C3%A1"> Jana Ptačinová</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=M%C3%A1ria%20Hud%C3%A1kov%C3%A1"> Mária Hudáková</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=M%C3%A1ria%20Dom%C3%A1nkov%C3%A1"> Mária Dománková</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Martin%20Kus%C3%BD"> Martin Kusý</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Martin%20Sahul"> Martin Sahul</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>The strength, hardness, and toughness (ductility) are in strong conflict for the metallic materials. The only possibility how to make their simultaneous improvement is to provide the microstructural refinement, by cold deformation, and subsequent recrystallization. However, application of this kind of treatment is impossible for high-carbon high-alloyed ledeburitic tool steels. Alternatively, it has been demonstrated over the last few years that sub-zero treatment induces some microstructural changes in these materials, which might favourably influence their complex of mechanical properties. Commercially available PM ledeburitic steel Vanadis 6 has been used for the current investigations. The paper demonstrates that sub-zero treatment induces clear refinement of the martensite, reduces the amount of retained austenite, enhances the population density of fine carbides, and makes alterations in microstructural development that take place during tempering. As a consequence, the steel manifests improved wear resistance at higher toughness and fracture toughness. Based on the obtained results, the key question “can the wear performance be improved by sub-zero treatment simultaneously with toughness” can be answered by “definitely yes”.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Ledeburitic%20tool%20steels" title="Ledeburitic tool steels">Ledeburitic tool steels</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=microstructure" title=" microstructure"> microstructure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=sub-zero%20treatment" title=" sub-zero treatment"> sub-zero treatment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=mechanical%20properties." title=" mechanical properties. "> mechanical properties. </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009081/simultaneous-improvement-of-wear-performance-and-toughness-of-ledeburitic-tool-steels-by-sub-zero-treatment" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009081/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009081/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009081/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009081/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009081/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009081/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009081/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009081/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009081/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009081/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009081.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">921</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">49</span> CFD Study for Normal and Rifled Tube with a Convergence Check</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Sharfi%20Dirar">Sharfi Dirar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Shihab%20Elhaj"> Shihab Elhaj</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Ahmed%20El%20Fatih"> Ahmed El Fatih</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Computational fluid dynamics were used to simulate and study the heated water boiler tube for both normal and rifled tube with a refinement of the mesh to check the convergence. The operation condition was taken from GARRI power station and used in a boundary condition accordingly. The result indicates the rifled tube has higher heat transfer efficiency than the normal tube. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Boiler%20tube" title="Boiler tube">Boiler tube</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Convergence%20Check" title=" Convergence Check"> Convergence Check</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Normal%20Tube" title=" Normal Tube"> Normal Tube</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Rifled%20Tube." title=" Rifled Tube."> Rifled Tube.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003803/cfd-study-for-normal-and-rifled-tube-with-a-convergence-check" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003803/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003803/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003803/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003803/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003803/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003803/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003803/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003803/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003803/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003803/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003803.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1464</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">48</span> Modeling and Analyzing the WAP Class 2 Wireless Transaction Protocol Using Event-B </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Rajaa%20Filali">Rajaa Filali</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Mohamed%20Bouhdadi"> Mohamed Bouhdadi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>This paper presents an incremental formal development of the Wireless Transaction Protocol (WTP) in Event-B. WTP is part of the Wireless Application Protocol (WAP) architectures and provides a reliable request-response service. To model and verify the protocol, we use the formal technique Event-B which provides an accessible and rigorous development method. This interaction between modelling and proving reduces the complexity and helps to eliminate misunderstandings, inconsistencies, and specification gaps. As result, verification of WTP allows us to find some deficiencies in the current specification.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Event-B" title="Event-B">Event-B</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=wireless%20transaction%20protocol" title=" wireless transaction protocol"> wireless transaction protocol</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=refinement" title=" refinement"> refinement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=proof%20obligation" title=" proof obligation"> proof obligation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Rodin" title=" Rodin"> Rodin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=ProB." title=" ProB."> ProB.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008045/modeling-and-analyzing-the-wap-class-2-wireless-transaction-protocol-using-event-b" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008045/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008045/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008045/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008045/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008045/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008045/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008045/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008045/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008045/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008045/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008045.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">961</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">47</span> Bernstein-Galerkin Approach for Perturbed Constant-Coefficient Differential Equations, One-Dimensional Analysis</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Diego%20Garijo">Diego Garijo</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>A numerical approach for solving constant-coefficient differential equations whose solutions exhibit boundary layer structure is built by inserting Bernstein Partition of Unity into Galerkin variational weak form. Due to the reproduction capability of Bernstein basis, such implementation shows excellent accuracy at boundaries and is able to capture sharp gradients of the field variable by p-refinement using regular distributions of equi-spaced evaluation points. The approximation is subjected to convergence experimentation and a procedure to assemble the discrete equations without a background integration mesh is proposed.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Bernstein%20polynomials" title="Bernstein polynomials">Bernstein polynomials</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Galerkin" title=" Galerkin"> Galerkin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=differential%20equation" title=" differential equation"> differential equation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=boundary%20layer." title=" boundary layer."> boundary layer.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/17281/bernstein-galerkin-approach-for-perturbed-constant-coefficient-differential-equations-one-dimensional-analysis" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/17281/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/17281/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/17281/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/17281/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/17281/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/17281/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/17281/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/17281/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/17281/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/17281/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/17281.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1842</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">46</span> Mechanical and Microstructural Properties of Rotary-Swaged Wire of Commercial-Purity Titanium</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Michal%20Duchek">Michal Duchek</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Jan%20Pal%C3%A1n"> Jan Palán</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Tomas%20Kubina"> Tomas Kubina</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>Bars made of titanium grade 2 and grade 4 were subjected to rotary forging with up to 2.2 true strain reduction in the cross-section from 10 to 3.81 mm. During progressive deformation, grain refinement in the transverse direction took place. In the longitudinal direction, ultrafine microstructure has not developed. It has been demonstrated that titanium grade 2 strengthens more than grade 4. The ultimate tensile strength increased from 650 MPa to 1040 MPa in titanium grade 4. Hardness profiles on the cross section in both materials show an increase in the centre of the wire.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Commercial-purity%20titanium" title="Commercial-purity titanium">Commercial-purity titanium</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=wire" title=" wire"> wire</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=rotary%20swaging" title=" rotary swaging"> rotary swaging</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=tensile%20test" title=" tensile test"> tensile test</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=hardness" title=" hardness"> hardness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=modulus%20of%20elasticity" title=" modulus of elasticity"> modulus of elasticity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=microstructure." title=" microstructure."> microstructure.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010561/mechanical-and-microstructural-properties-of-rotary-swaged-wire-of-commercial-purity-titanium" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010561/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010561/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010561/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010561/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010561/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010561/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010561/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010561/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010561/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010561/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010561.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">741</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">45</span> Enhancing Security and Privacy Protocols in Telehealth: A Comprehensive Approach across IoT/Fog/Cloud Environments</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Yunyong%20Guo">Yunyong Guo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Man%20Wang"> Man Wang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Bryan%20Guo"> Bryan Guo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Nathan%20Guo"> Nathan Guo</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>This paper presents an advanced security and privacy model tailored for Telehealth systems, emphasizing end-to-end protection across IoT, Fog, and Cloud components. The proposed model integrates encryption, key management, intrusion detection, and privacy-preserving measures to safeguard patient data. A comprehensive simulation study evaluates the model's effectiveness in scenarios such as unauthorized access, physical breaches, and insider threats. Results indicate notable success in detecting and mitigating threats yet underscore areas for refinement. The study contributes insights into the intricate balance between security and usability in Telehealth environments, setting the stage for continued advancements.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Cloud" title="Cloud">Cloud</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=enhancing%20security" title=" enhancing security"> enhancing security</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Fog" title=" Fog"> Fog</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=IoT" title=" IoT"> IoT</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=telehealth." title=" telehealth."> telehealth.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013766/enhancing-security-and-privacy-protocols-in-telehealth-a-comprehensive-approach-across-iotfogcloud-environments" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013766/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013766/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013766/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013766/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013766/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013766/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013766/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013766/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013766/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013766/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013766.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">62</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">44</span> Detection of Leaks in Water Mains Using Ground Penetrating Radar</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Alaa%20Al%20Hawari">Alaa Al Hawari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Mohammad%20Khader"> Mohammad Khader</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Tarek%20Zayed"> Tarek Zayed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Osama%20Moselhi"> Osama Moselhi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) is one of the most effective electromagnetic techniques for non-destructive non-invasive subsurface features investigation. Water leak from pipelines is the most common undesirable reason of potable water losses. Rapid detection of such losses is going to enhance the use of the Water Distribution Networks (WDN) and decrease threatens associated with water mains leaks. In this study, GPR approach was developed to detect leaks by implementing an appropriate imaging analyzing strategy based on image refinement, reflection polarity and reflection amplitude that would ease the process of interpreting the collected raw radargram image. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Water%20Networks" title="Water Networks">Water Networks</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Leakage" title=" Leakage"> Leakage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Water%20pipelines" title=" Water pipelines"> Water pipelines</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Ground%20Penetrating%20Radar." title=" Ground Penetrating Radar."> Ground Penetrating Radar.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004124/detection-of-leaks-in-water-mains-using-ground-penetrating-radar" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004124/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004124/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004124/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004124/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004124/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004124/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004124/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004124/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004124/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004124/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004124.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2317</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">43</span> Demand and Price Evolution Forecasting as Tools for Facilitating the RoadMapping Process of the Photonic Component Industry</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=T.%20Kamalakis">T. Kamalakis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=I.%20Neokosmidis"> I. Neokosmidis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=D.%20Varoutas"> D. Varoutas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=T.%20Sphicopoulos"> T. Sphicopoulos</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The photonic component industry is a highly innovative industry with a large value chain. In order to ensure the growth of the industry much effort must be devoted to road mapping activities. In such activities demand and price evolution forecasting tools can prove quite useful in order to help in the roadmap refinement and update process. This paper attempts to provide useful guidelines in roadmapping of optical components and considers two models based on diffusion theory and the extended learning curve for demand and price evolution forecasting. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Roadmapping" title="Roadmapping">Roadmapping</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Photonic%20Components" title=" Photonic Components"> Photonic Components</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Forecasting" title=" Forecasting"> Forecasting</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Diffusion%20Theory." title="Diffusion Theory.">Diffusion Theory.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2488/demand-and-price-evolution-forecasting-as-tools-for-facilitating-the-roadmapping-process-of-the-photonic-component-industry" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2488/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2488/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2488/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2488/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2488/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2488/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2488/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2488/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2488/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2488/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2488.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1379</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">42</span> A Frame Work for Query Results Refinement in Multimedia Databases</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Humaira%20Liaquat">Humaira Liaquat</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Nadeem%20Iftikhar"> Nadeem Iftikhar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Shaukat%20Ali"> Shaukat Ali</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Zohaib%20Zafar%20Iqbal"> Zohaib Zafar Iqbal</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In the current age, retrieval of relevant information from massive amount of data is a challenging job. Over the years, precise and relevant retrieval of information has attained high significance. There is a growing need in the market to build systems, which can retrieve multimedia information that precisely meets the user's current needs. In this paper, we have introduced a framework for refining query results before showing it to the user, using ambient intelligence, user profile, group profile, user location, time, day, user device type and extracted features. A prototypic tool was also developed to demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed approach. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Context%20aware%20retrieval" title="Context aware retrieval">Context aware retrieval</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Information%20retrieval" title=" Information retrieval"> Information retrieval</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Ambient%20Intelligence" title=" Ambient Intelligence"> Ambient Intelligence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Multimedia%20databases" title=" Multimedia databases"> Multimedia databases</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=User%20and%20group%20profile." title=" User and group profile."> User and group profile.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1376/a-frame-work-for-query-results-refinement-in-multimedia-databases" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1376/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1376/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1376/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1376/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1376/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1376/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1376/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1376/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1376/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1376/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1376.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1547</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">41</span> Synthesis and Characterization of Gallosilicate Sodalite Containing NO2- Ions</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Ashok%20V.%20Borhade">Ashok V. Borhade</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Sanjay%20G.%20Wakchaure"> Sanjay G. Wakchaure</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>Pure phase gallosilicate nitrite sodalite has been synthesized in a single step by low temperature (373 oK) hydrothermal technique. The product obtained was characterized using a combination of techniques including X-ray powder diffraction, IR, Raman spectroscopy, SEM, MAS NMR spectroscopy as well as thermogravimetry. Sodalite with an ideal composition was obtained after synthesis at 3730K and seven days duration using alkaline medium. The structural features of the Na8[GaSiO4]6(NO2)2 sodalite were investigated by IR, MAS NMR spectroscopy of 29Si and 23Na nuclei and by Reitveld refinement of X-ray powder diffraction data. The crystal structure of this sodalite has been refined in the space group P 4 3n; with a cell parameter 8.98386Å, V= 726.9 Å, (Rwp= 0.077 and Rp=0.0537) and Si-O-Ga angle is found to be 132.920 . MAS NMR study confirms complete ordering of Si and Ga in the gallosilicate framework. The surface area of single entity with stoichiometry Na8[GaSiO4]6(NO2)2 was found to be 8.083 x10-15 cm2/g.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Gallosilicate" title="Gallosilicate">Gallosilicate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=hydrothermal" title=" hydrothermal"> hydrothermal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=nitrite" title=" nitrite"> nitrite</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Reitveldrefinement." title=" Reitveldrefinement."> Reitveldrefinement.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15701/synthesis-and-characterization-of-gallosilicate-sodalite-containing-no2-ions" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15701/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15701/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15701/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15701/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15701/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15701/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15701/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15701/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15701/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15701/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15701.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1622</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">40</span> Stepwise Refinement in Executable-UML for Embedded System Design: A Preliminary Study</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Nurul%20Azma%20Zakaria">Nurul Azma Zakaria</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Masahiro%20Kimura"> Masahiro Kimura</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Noriko%20Matsumoto"> Noriko Matsumoto</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Norihiko%20Yoshida"> Norihiko Yoshida</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>The fast growth in complexity coupled with requests for shorter development periods for embedded systems are bringing demands towards a more effective, i.e. higher-abstract, design process for hardaware/software integrated design. In Software Engineering area, Model Driven Architecture (MDA) and Executable UML (xUML) has been accepted to bring further improvement in software design. This paper constructs MDA and xUML stepwise transformations from an abstract specification model to a more concrete implementation model using the refactoring technique for hardaware/software integrated design. This approach provides clear and structured models which enables quick exploration and synthesis, and early stage verification.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Hardware%2Fsoftware%20integrated%20design" title="Hardware/software integrated design">Hardware/software integrated design</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=model%20driven%20architecture" title=" model driven architecture"> model driven architecture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=executable%20UML" title=" executable UML"> executable UML</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=refactoring." title=" refactoring."> refactoring.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15417/stepwise-refinement-in-executable-uml-for-embedded-system-design-a-preliminary-study" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15417/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15417/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15417/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15417/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15417/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15417/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15417/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15417/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15417/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15417/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15417.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1370</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">39</span> Typological Study of Traditional Mosque Ornamentation in Malaysia – Prospect of Traditional Ornament in Urban Mosque</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=N.%20Utaberta">N. Utaberta</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=S.%20D.%20M.%20Sojak"> S. D. M. Sojak</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=M.%20Surat"> M. Surat</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=A.%20I.%20Che-Ani"> A. I. Che-Ani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=M.M.%20Tahir"> M.M. Tahir</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Since the admission of Islam onto the Malay World in 16th century, the Malay culture began to grow in line with the teachings of Islam as a guide of life. Mosque become a symbol of Muslim communities, as well as the cultural values that have been adapted represent the maturity and readiness of Malay Muslim in manifest a lifestyle tradition into the community. Refinement of ornament that used to take from Hindu-Buddhist beliefs before were adopted and refined to the Islamic values based on the teachings of al-Quran and as-Sunnah delivered a certain message to convey a meaning to the observer. The main purpose of this paper is to analyze the typology and classification of ornaments in Malaysia-s traditional mosque as a channel to the community towards understanding of the identity and also the framework of design thinking in ornaments particularly to the urban mosques in Malaysia. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Aesthetic" title="Aesthetic">Aesthetic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Malay%20Traditional%20Mosque" title=" Malay Traditional Mosque"> Malay Traditional Mosque</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Ornamentation" title=" Ornamentation"> Ornamentation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Symbolism" title=" Symbolism"> Symbolism</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12907/typological-study-of-traditional-mosque-ornamentation-in-malaysia-prospect-of-traditional-ornament-in-urban-mosque" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12907/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12907/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12907/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12907/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12907/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12907/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12907/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12907/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12907/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12907/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12907.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">6166</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">38</span> Critical Analysis of Decision Making Experience with a Machine Learning Approach in Playing Ayo Game</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Ibidapo%20O.%20Akinyemi">Ibidapo O. Akinyemi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Ezekiel%20F.%20Adebiyi"> Ezekiel F. Adebiyi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Harrison%20O.%20D.%20Longe"> Harrison O. D. Longe</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The major goal in defining and examining game scenarios is to find good strategies as solutions to the game. A plausible solution is a recommendation to the players on how to play the game, which is represented as strategies guided by the various choices available to the players. These choices invariably compel the players (decision makers) to execute an action following some conscious tactics. In this paper, we proposed a refinement-based heuristic as a machine learning technique for human-like decision making in playing Ayo game. The result showed that our machine learning technique is more adaptable and more responsive in making decision than human intelligence. The technique has the advantage that a search is astutely conducted in a shallow horizon game tree. Our simulation was tested against Awale shareware and an appealing result was obtained. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Decision%20making" title="Decision making">Decision making</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Machine%20learning" title=" Machine learning"> Machine learning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Strategy" title=" Strategy"> Strategy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Ayo%0Agame." title=" Ayo game."> Ayo game.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3871/critical-analysis-of-decision-making-experience-with-a-machine-learning-approach-in-playing-ayo-game" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3871/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3871/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3871/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3871/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3871/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3871/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3871/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3871/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3871/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3871/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3871.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1292</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">37</span> Investigation of Mg and Zr Addition on the Mechanical Properties of Commercially Pure Al</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Samiul%20Kaiser">Samiul Kaiser</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=M.%20S.%20Kaiser"> M. S. Kaiser</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>The influence of Mg and Zr addition on mechanical properties such as hardness, tensile strength and impact energy of commercially pure Al are investigated. The microstructure and fracture behavior are also studied by using Optical and Scanning Electron Microscopy. It is observed that magnesium addition improves the mechanical properties of commercially pure Al at the expense of ductility due to formation of β<em>″</em> (Al<sub>3</sub>Mg) and β<em>′</em> (Al<sub>3</sub>Mg<sub>2</sub>) phase into the alloy. Zr addition also plays a positive role through grain refinement effect and the formation of metastable L1<sub>2</sub> Al<sub>3</sub>Zr precipitates. In addition, it is observed that the fractured surface of Mg added alloy is brittle and higher numbers of dimples are observed in case of Zr added alloy.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Al-alloys" title="Al-alloys">Al-alloys</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=hardness" title=" hardness"> hardness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=tensile%20strength" title=" tensile strength"> tensile strength</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=impact%20energy" title=" impact energy"> impact energy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=microstructure." title=" microstructure."> microstructure.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010751/investigation-of-mg-and-zr-addition-on-the-mechanical-properties-of-commercially-pure-al" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010751/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010751/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010751/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010751/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010751/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010751/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010751/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010751/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010751/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010751/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010751.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">677</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">36</span> Documents Emotions Classification Model Based on TF-IDF Weighting Measure</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Amr%20Mansour%20Mohsen">Amr Mansour Mohsen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Hesham%20Ahmed%20Hassan"> Hesham Ahmed Hassan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Amira%20M.%20Idrees"> Amira M. Idrees</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>Emotions classification of text documents is applied to reveal if the document expresses a determined emotion from its writer. As different supervised methods are previously used for emotion documents’ classification, in this research we present a novel model that supports the classification algorithms for more accurate results by the support of TF-IDF measure. Different experiments have been applied to reveal the applicability of the proposed model, the model succeeds in raising the accuracy percentage according to the determined metrics (precision, recall, and f-measure) based on applying the refinement of the lexicon, integration of lexicons using different perspectives, and applying the TF-IDF weighting measure over the classifying features. The proposed model has also been compared with other research to prove its competence in raising the results’ accuracy.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Emotion%20detection" title="Emotion detection">Emotion detection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=TF-IDF" title=" TF-IDF"> TF-IDF</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=WEKA%20tool" title=" WEKA tool"> WEKA tool</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=classification%20algorithms." title=" classification algorithms."> classification algorithms.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005447/documents-emotions-classification-model-based-on-tf-idf-weighting-measure" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005447/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005447/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005447/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005447/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005447/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005447/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005447/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005447/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005447/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a 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