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id="toc-Crime_by_type-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Murder" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Murder"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Murder</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Murder-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Illegal_drug_trade_in_Colombia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Illegal_drug_trade_in_Colombia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Illegal drug trade in Colombia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Illegal_drug_trade_in_Colombia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kidnapping" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kidnapping"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Kidnapping</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kidnapping-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Corruption" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Corruption"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Corruption</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Corruption-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Domestic_violence" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Domestic_violence"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>Domestic violence</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Domestic_violence-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Regional_crime" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Regional_crime"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Regional crime</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Regional_crime-sublist" class="cdx-button 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id="toc-Crime_prevention-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown 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has a high crime rate due to being a center for the cultivation and trafficking of <a href="/wiki/Cocaine" title="Cocaine">cocaine</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Colombian_conflict" title="Colombian conflict">Colombian conflict</a> began in the mid-1960s and is a <a href="/wiki/Low-intensity_conflict" title="Low-intensity conflict">low-intensity conflict</a> between <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Colombia" title="Government of Colombia">Colombian governments</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paramilitarism_in_Colombia" class="mw-redirect" title="Paramilitarism in Colombia">paramilitary groups</a>, <a href="/wiki/Illegal_drug_trade_in_Colombia" title="Illegal drug trade in Colombia">crime syndicates</a>, and left-wing guerrillas such as the <a href="/wiki/Revolutionary_Armed_Forces_of_Colombia" title="Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia">Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia</a> (FARC), and the <a href="/wiki/National_Liberation_Army_(Colombia)" title="National Liberation Army (Colombia)">National Liberation Army</a> (ELN), fighting each other to increase their influence in Colombian territory. Two of the most important international actors that have contributed to the Colombian conflict are multinational companies and the United States.<sup id="cite_ref-HistoricalCommission_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HistoricalCommission-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-colombia-and-us-54_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-colombia-and-us-54-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-International_actors_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-International_actors-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Elements of all the armed groups have been involved in <a href="/wiki/Drug_trafficking" class="mw-redirect" title="Drug trafficking">drug trafficking</a>. In a country where state capacity has been weak in some regions, the result has been a grinding war on multiple fronts, with the <a href="/wiki/Civilian" title="Civilian">civilian</a> population caught in between and often deliberately targeted for "collaborating". Human rights advocates blame paramilitaries for massacres, "disappearances", and cases of <a href="/wiki/Torture" title="Torture">torture</a> and <a href="/wiki/Forced_displacement" title="Forced displacement">forced displacement</a>. Rebel groups are behind assassinations, kidnapping and extortion.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2011, <a href="/wiki/President_of_Colombia" title="President of Colombia">President</a> <a href="/wiki/Juan_Manuel_Santos" title="Juan Manuel Santos">Juan Manuel Santos</a> launched the "Borders for Prosperity" plan<sup id="cite_ref-:0_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> to fight poverty and combat violence from illegal armed groups along Colombia's borders through social and economic development.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The plan received praise from the <a href="/wiki/International_Crisis_Group" title="International Crisis Group">International Crisis Group</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-icgrpt_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-icgrpt-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Colombia registered a <a href="/wiki/Homicide" title="Homicide">homicide</a> rate of 24.4 per 100,000 in 2016, the lowest since 1974. The 40-year low in murders came the same year the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Colombia" title="Government of Colombia">government</a> signed a <a href="/wiki/Colombian_peace_process" title="Colombian peace process">peace agreement</a> with the FARC.<sup id="cite_ref-auto_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The murder rate further decreased to 22.6 in 2020, though still among the highest in the world, it decreased 73% from 84 in 1991. In the 1980s and 1990s it regularly ranked as number one. </p><p>Since the beginning of the <a href="/wiki/Crisis_in_Venezuela" title="Crisis in Venezuela">crisis in Venezuela</a> and the mass <a href="/wiki/Emigration" title="Emigration">emigration</a> of <a href="/wiki/Venezuelans" title="Venezuelans">Venezuelans</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Venezuelan_refugee_crisis" title="Venezuelan refugee crisis">Venezuelan refugee crisis</a>, desperate Venezuelans have been recruited into <a href="/wiki/Gang" title="Gang">gangs</a> in order to survive.<sup id="cite_ref-:02_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:02-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Venezuelan women have also resorted to <a href="/wiki/Prostitution_in_Colombia" title="Prostitution in Colombia">prostitution</a> in order to make a living in Colombia.<sup id="cite_ref-:02_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:02-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Crime_by_type">Crime by type</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crime_in_Colombia&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Crime by type"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Murder">Murder</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crime_in_Colombia&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Murder"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_intentional_homicide_rate" title="List of countries by intentional homicide rate">List of countries by intentional homicide rate</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:2012_car_bombing_in_bogota_colombia_2.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/2012_car_bombing_in_bogota_colombia_2.JPG/220px-2012_car_bombing_in_bogota_colombia_2.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/2012_car_bombing_in_bogota_colombia_2.JPG/330px-2012_car_bombing_in_bogota_colombia_2.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/2012_car_bombing_in_bogota_colombia_2.JPG/440px-2012_car_bombing_in_bogota_colombia_2.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4320" data-file-height="3240" /></a><figcaption>2012 car bombing in <a href="/wiki/Bogot%C3%A1" title="Bogotá">Bogotá</a> targeting the former minister, Fernando Londoño.</figcaption></figure> <p>According to a study by <a href="/wiki/National_Center_for_Historical_Memory" title="National Center for Historical Memory">Colombia's National Centre for Historical Memory</a>, 220,000 people died in the conflict between 1958 and 2013, mostly civilians (177,307 civilians and 40,787 fighters) and more than five million civilians were forced from their homes between 1985 and 2012, generating the world's second largest population of <a href="/wiki/Internally_displaced_person" title="Internally displaced person">internally displaced persons</a> (IDPs).<sup id="cite_ref-estadisticas_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-estadisticas-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Enough_Already!_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Enough_Already!-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-aljazeera.com_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-aljazeera.com-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 17% of the population in Colombia has been a direct victim of the war.<sup id="cite_ref-arcoiris.com.co_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-arcoiris.com.co-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 2.3 million children have been displaced from their homes, and 45,000 children killed, according to national figures cited by <a href="/wiki/UNICEF" title="UNICEF">UNICEF</a>. In total, one in three of the 7.6 million registered victims of the conflict are children, and since 1985, 8,000 minors have disappeared.<sup id="cite_ref-Multi-Generation_War_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Multi-Generation_War-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2016, Colombia had a murder rate of 24.4 per 100,000 population, the lowest since 1974.<sup id="cite_ref-auto_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The murder rate further decreased to 22.6 in 2020, though still among the highest in the world. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Illegal_drug_trade_in_Colombia">Illegal drug trade in Colombia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crime_in_Colombia&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Illegal drug trade in Colombia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Illegal_drug_trade_in_Colombia" title="Illegal drug trade in Colombia">Illegal drug trade in Colombia</a></div> <p>Colombia has had four major drug trafficking cartels which created a new social class and influenced aspects of <a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Colombia" title="Culture of Colombia">Colombian culture</a>. <a href="/wiki/Coca" title="Coca">Coca</a>, <a href="/wiki/Marijuana" class="mw-redirect" title="Marijuana">marijuana</a> and other drugs had been part of the lifestyle of some Colombians, but the world demand of psychoactive drugs during the 1960s and 70s increased the production and processing of these in Colombia. Cocaine is produced at $1500/kilo in jungle labs and could be sold on the streets of America for as much as $80,000/kilo.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The initial boom in production of drugs for export began with marijuana in the 1960s, followed by cocaine in the mid-1970s. The United States intervened in Colombia throughout this period, in an attempt to cut off the supply of these drugs. </p><p>Since the establishment of the <a href="/wiki/War_on_drugs" title="War on drugs">war on drugs</a>, the United States and European countries have provided financial, logistical, tactical and military aid to the government of Colombia, in order to implement plans to combat the illegal drug trade. The most notable of these programs has been the <a href="/wiki/Plan_Colombia" title="Plan Colombia">Plan Colombia</a> which intended to combat organizations, such as the <a href="/wiki/FARC" class="mw-redirect" title="FARC">FARC</a> guerrillas, who have controlled many coca-growing regions in Colombia over the past decades. </p><p>Despite Colombia being the world's leading producer of coca for many years,<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> those plans slowly diminished the drug produced, to the extent that in 2010 the country reduced cocaine production by 60%, relative to the peak in 2000. In that same year, Peru surpassed Colombia as the main producer of coca leaves in the world.<sup id="cite_ref-unodc.org_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-unodc.org-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The level of drug related violence was halved, the country moved from being the most violent country in the world to have a homicide rate that is lower than <a href="/wiki/Honduras" title="Honduras">Honduras</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jamaica" title="Jamaica">Jamaica</a>, <a href="/wiki/El_Salvador" title="El Salvador">El Salvador</a>, Venezuela, <a href="/wiki/Guatemala" title="Guatemala">Guatemala</a>, <a href="/wiki/Trinidad_and_Tobago" title="Trinidad and Tobago">Trinidad and Tobago</a> and South Africa. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kidnapping">Kidnapping</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crime_in_Colombia&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Kidnapping"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Kidnappings_in_Colombia" title="Kidnappings in Colombia">Kidnappings in Colombia</a></div> <p>At the turn of the millennium Colombia had the highest rates of <a href="/wiki/Kidnapping" title="Kidnapping">kidnapping</a> in the world, a result of being one of the most cost-effective ways of financing for the guerrillas of the FARC and the <a href="/wiki/National_Liberation_Army_(Colombia)" title="National Liberation Army (Colombia)">ELN</a>, and other armed groups. But the security situation improved and the groups involved have been weakened. The administration of President <a href="/wiki/%C3%81lvaro_Uribe" title="Álvaro Uribe">Uribe</a> sought to professionalize the <a href="/wiki/Military_Forces_of_Colombia" title="Military Forces of Colombia">armed forces</a> and engage them more fully in the counterinsurgency war; as a result, the armed groups have suffered a series of setbacks. <a href="/wiki/Police_of_Colombia" class="mw-redirect" title="Police of Colombia">Police in Colombia</a> say the number kidnapped has fallen 92% since 2000.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers"><span title="The time period mentioned near this tag is ambiguous. (December 2023)">when?</span></a></i>]</sup> Common criminals are now the perpetrators of the majority of kidnappings. By 2016, kidnappings in Colombia had declined to 205.<sup id="cite_ref-92%_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92%-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Military_Personnel2_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Military_Personnel2-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One is more likely to encounter a Colombian army checkpoint, than an illegal guerrilla roadblock. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Corruption">Corruption</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crime_in_Colombia&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Corruption"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Corruption_in_Colombia" title="Corruption in Colombia">Corruption in Colombia</a></div> <p>Corruption in Colombia is a pervasive problem at many levels of government. A 2005 study published by Transparency for Colombia (<i>Transparencia por Colombia</i>) assessed the index of integrity of governments, assemblies and comptrollers at the <a href="/wiki/Departments_of_Colombia" title="Departments of Colombia">departmental</a> level and concluded that none of those dependencies scored an appropriate level of integrity.<sup id="cite_ref-Romero_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Romero-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 51% were prone to high or very high levels of corruption.<sup id="cite_ref-Romero_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Romero-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Many institutions in Colombia have been the subject of administrative corruption. Large institutions that span across industries are example of major cases of corruption including: <i>Ferrovias</i> (national railroad administration), <i>Caprecom</i> (health care), <i>Foncolpuertos</i> (ports authority), <i>Termorrio</i> (energy), <i>Dragacol</i> (civil engineering), <i>Chivor reservoir</i> (water supply) and contracts with foreign companies such as Mexican <a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Empresas_ICA" class="extiw" title="es:Empresas ICA">ICA</a> for the pavement of streets in <a href="/wiki/Bogota" class="mw-redirect" title="Bogota">Bogota</a> are just some of them. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Domestic_violence">Domestic violence</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crime_in_Colombia&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Domestic violence"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Domestic_violence_in_Colombia" title="Domestic violence in Colombia">Domestic violence in Colombia</a></div> <p>Domestic violence in Colombia is a serious problem.<sup id="cite_ref-report_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-report-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Judicial authorities may remove an abuser from the household and require therapy or re-education.<sup id="cite_ref-report_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-report-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Institute for Legal Medicine and Forensic Science reported approximately 33,000 cases of domestic violence against women during 2006.<sup id="cite_ref-report_21-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-report-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Regional_crime">Regional crime</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crime_in_Colombia&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Regional crime"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Update plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Update" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Ambox_current_red.svg/42px-Ambox_current_red.svg.png" decoding="async" width="42" height="34" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Ambox_current_red.svg/63px-Ambox_current_red.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Ambox_current_red.svg/84px-Ambox_current_red.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="360" data-file-height="290" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section needs to be <b>updated</b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">December 2023</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bogotá"><span id="Bogot.C3.A1"></span>Bogotá</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crime_in_Colombia&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Bogotá"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Bogot%C3%A1" title="Bogotá">Bogotá</a> has gone to great lengths to change its crime rate and image with success, after being considered in the mid-90s to be one of the most violent cities in the world.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1993 there were 4,352 intentional homicides at a rate of 81 per 100,000 people;<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in 2007, Bogotá suffered 1,401 murders at a rate of 19 per 100,000 inhabitants.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This success was the result of a participatory and integrated security policy, "Comunidad Segura", that was first adopted in 1995 and continues to be enforced. Bogota's <a href="/wiki/Violent_crime" title="Violent crime">violent crime</a> rate is now lower than that of some US cities such as <a href="/wiki/Indianapolis" title="Indianapolis">Indianapolis, Indiana</a>. Though according to a 2011 article in the <i>New York Times</i> "street muggings and thefts on public transportation have surged since 2007", leading certain commentators to declare a crisis of security in the city.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cali">Cali</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crime_in_Colombia&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Cali"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Crime is a serious problem in <a href="/wiki/Cali" title="Cali">Cali</a>. As of 2006<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Crime_in_Colombia&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, there were 1,540 intentional homicides and 1,726 overall when including the metropolitan area. The rates for the city and metropolitan area were 62 and 63 per 100,000 respectively. By 2011 this had increased to 71 homicides per 100,000 inhabitants, which led commentators to declare a 'crisis of security'.<sup id="cite_ref-elpais.com.co_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-elpais.com.co-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Between January and June 2011 there were 923<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> homicides in the inner city of Cali, which is a 5% increase compared to 2010.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The surge in violence in Cali in 2011 was partly attributed to what was described as an ongoing 'mafia war' between the 'neo-paramilitary' groups <a href="/wiki/Los_Rastrojos" title="Los Rastrojos">Los Rastrojos</a> and <a href="/wiki/Usuga_Clan" class="mw-redirect" title="Usuga Clan">Usuga Clan</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Los Rastrojos are considered the 'heirs' of the <a href="/wiki/Cali_Cartel" title="Cali Cartel">Cali Cartel</a> and the Usuga Clan have their roots in Colombia's atlantic coast. Los Rastrojos were accused of committing at least 80 murders in Cali in 2011.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to Colombia's most influential weekly magazine, <a href="/wiki/Semana" title="Semana">Semana</a>, there are over 1,700 assassins working for various groups in the city.<sup id="cite_ref-semana.com_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-semana.com-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As of 2011 urban militias, known as <i>Milicias Populares</i>, of the <i><a href="/wiki/Revolutionary_Armed_Forces_of_Colombia" title="Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia">Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia</a></i> are active in the city and surrounding areas.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Locals and foreigners have been advised by the <a href="/wiki/Departamento_Administrativo_de_Seguridad" class="mw-redirect" title="Departamento Administrativo de Seguridad">DAS</a> to take caution due to the risk of planted bombs and kidnappings.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The metropolitan police and the <a href="/wiki/Colombian_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="Colombian Army">army</a> have taken action to stop high-profile bomb attacks against <a href="/wiki/Military_Forces_of_Colombia" title="Military Forces of Colombia">military</a> and administrative centers, such as the FARC attacks against Cali's Palace of Justice in 2008 and 2010.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These FARC militias in the Cali metropolitan area are thought to number more than 1000, and have caused serious concern among the authorities as they stepped up activity in 2011.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2016 and 2017, Cali experienced a drop in homicide rate, lowering to 51 per 100,000 inhabitants. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2018)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Medellín"><span id="Medell.C3.ADn"></span>Medellín</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crime_in_Colombia&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Medellín"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Centro_de_Medellin-_Colombia.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Centro_de_Medellin-_Colombia.JPG/220px-Centro_de_Medellin-_Colombia.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="93" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Centro_de_Medellin-_Colombia.JPG/330px-Centro_de_Medellin-_Colombia.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Centro_de_Medellin-_Colombia.JPG/440px-Centro_de_Medellin-_Colombia.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1087" data-file-height="458" /></a><figcaption>Central <a href="/wiki/Medell%C3%ADn" title="Medellín">Medellín</a></figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Medell%C3%ADn" title="Medellín">Medellín</a> was once known as the most violent city in the world,<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a result of an urban war set off by the drug cartels at the end of the 1980s. As the home of the <a href="/wiki/Medell%C3%ADn_Cartel" title="Medellín Cartel">Medellín Cartel</a> funded by <a href="/wiki/Pablo_Escobar" title="Pablo Escobar">Pablo Escobar</a>, the city was victim of the terror caused by the war between the cartel, and competing organizations such as "El Cartel del Valle". However, after the death of Escobar, crime rates in the city began to decrease.<sup id="cite_ref-Fuego_cruzado_en_Medellín._42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fuego_cruzado_en_Medellín.-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Throughout the rest of the 1990s crime rates remained relatively high, although gradually declining from the worst years. In October 2002, President <a href="/wiki/%C3%81lvaro_Uribe" title="Álvaro Uribe">Álvaro Uribe</a> ordered the military to carry out "Operation Orion," whose objective was to disband the urban militias of the FARC and the <a href="/wiki/Self-Defense_Units_of_Colombia" class="mw-redirect" title="Self-Defense Units of Colombia">AUC</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Fuego_cruzado_en_Medellín._42-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fuego_cruzado_en_Medellín.-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Between 2003 and 2006 the demobilization of the remaining urban militias of the AUC was completed, with more than 3,000 armed men giving up their weapons.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After the disbanding of the main paramilitary groups, many members of such organizations have been known to have reorganized into criminal bands known commonly as <a href="/wiki/Aguilas_Negras" class="mw-redirect" title="Aguilas Negras">Aguilas Negras</a>. These groups have gained notoriety in Medellín for calling upon <a href="/wiki/Curfews" class="mw-redirect" title="Curfews">curfews</a> for the underage population, and been known to distribute fliers announcing the <a href="/wiki/Social_cleansing" title="Social cleansing">social cleansing</a> of <a href="/wiki/Prostitutes" class="mw-redirect" title="Prostitutes">prostitutes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Drug_addicts" class="mw-redirect" title="Drug addicts">drug addicts</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Alcoholics" class="mw-redirect" title="Alcoholics">alcoholics</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The extradition of paramilitary leader <a href="/wiki/Diego_Murillo_Bejarano" title="Diego Murillo Bejarano">Don Berna</a> sparked a crime wave with a sharp increase in killings.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There were 33% more murders in 2008 than 2007, with an increase from 654 to 871 violent deaths.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This increased further by over 200% in 2009 to 2,899 violent deaths, or about 110 deaths per 100,000 people, 2.5 times the average homicide rate in Colombia and 20 times the average homicide rate in the United States for that same year. An average of 9 people were killed every day in 2009.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There is a disparity in crime rates by neighborhoods, with virtually no homicides in <a href="/wiki/El_Poblado" title="El Poblado">El Poblado</a> to areas with open gunfights in the outskirts. Generally, crime rates increase the further the neighborhood is from the center.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In contrast to lower homicide rates, armed robberies increased by 19% from 2018 to 2019, to more than 21000 per year. Rates of armed robbery in Medellin were increasing every year since 2011, when 1584 such crimes were reported. From 2016 to 2017, armed robberies increased from 8900 to more than 17,700 cases, partly due to a new law that allows citizens to report armed robberies themselves. The city's downtown area is the most frequent location for armed robbery, because hundreds of thousands of people visit every day to go to work. However, robberies in affluent districts like Poblado and Laureles / Estadio have also been on the rise.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>By 2015, the homicide rate had fallen to 20 per 100,000 people, the lowest rate in decades.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By 2019, the homicide rate had risen to 24.8 per 100,000 people.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Buenaventura">Buenaventura</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crime_in_Colombia&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Buenaventura"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Buenaventura,_Valle_del_Cauca" title="Buenaventura, Valle del Cauca">Buenaventura</a> has had a notorious history plagued by the <a href="/wiki/Colombian_armed_conflict" class="mw-redirect" title="Colombian armed conflict">Colombian armed conflict</a>, drug trafficking, violence, and the presence of guerrilla and paramilitary groups.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Due to the violence of Buenaventura, The New York Times published an article titled: "Cocaine Wars Make Port Colombia’s Deadliest City".<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Colombian authorities have seized almost <a href="/wiki/US$" class="mw-redirect" title="US$">US$</a>28 million in cash from drug kingpins. The money found was in shipping containers sent from <a href="/wiki/Manzanillo,_Colima" title="Manzanillo, Colima">Manzanillo, Colima</a> (<a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a>) and <a href="/wiki/Houston" title="Houston">Houston</a> (United States), that belonged to brothers Luis Enrique and Javier Antonio Calle Serna, also known as the ‘Combas’.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The amount of reported homicides doubled between 2008 and 2010. The murder rate is 24 times that of New York City, making it a crime rate of 175. To counter the violence, the Colombian government set up a marine special forces unit in the worst area of the city.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Barranquilla">Barranquilla</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crime_in_Colombia&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Barranquilla"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Barranquilla" title="Barranquilla">Barranquilla</a>, in 2007 there were 348 homicides compared to 391 in 2006, a decrease of 11% over the previous year. In Colombia, in 2007 the homicide rate per 100,000 population from Barranquilla (22) was only exceeded by those of Cali (57), <a href="/wiki/Bucaramanga" title="Bucaramanga">Bucaramanga</a> (32) and Medellín (30). In the six years from 2002 to 2007, however, the number of homicides declined, with the lowest number occurring in 2007 compared to a peak of 483 killings in 2003. Thugs (42.2%), fights (31.6%) and robberies (14.94%) accounted for the main types of homicide in the city. Historically, the days when most homicides occur are Saturday and Sunday, but in 2007 there was a uniform distribution (approximately 15%) on all days.<sup id="cite_ref-seguridad_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-seguridad-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Policía_Nacional_de_Colombia_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Policía_Nacional_de_Colombia-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>85.2% of homicides are by firearm; Barranquilla and Cali in 2007 recorded the highest percentage of homicides involving firearms in Colombia. Most homicides are concentrated in the centre and south of the city. Another type of crime in Barranquilla that also showed a growth trend over the past two years was theft, commercial entities (713 in 2007, 630 in 2006, mainly in the north and centre), residences (528 in 2007, 467 in, 2006 mainly in the north), financial institutions (20 in 2006 21 in 2007 mainly in the north) and people (2,692 in 2007, 2,146 in 2006, mainly in the centre, north and south).<sup id="cite_ref-seguridad_58-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-seguridad-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Policía_Nacional_de_Colombia_59-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Policía_Nacional_de_Colombia-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Crime_prevention">Crime prevention</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crime_in_Colombia&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Crime prevention"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2011, President <a href="/wiki/Juan_Manuel_Santos" title="Juan Manuel Santos">Juan Manuel Santos</a> launched a "Borders for Prosperity" plan<sup id="cite_ref-:0_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> to fight poverty and combat violence from illegal armed groups along Colombia's borders through social and economic development,<sup id="cite_ref-:1_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> having spent as much as $32 million on infrastructure, education, agricultural development and governance by 2014.<sup id="cite_ref-icgrpt_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-icgrpt-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to the <a href="/wiki/International_Crisis_Group" title="International Crisis Group">International Crisis Group</a>, the plan "appears to be having a positive impact, especially in marginalized communities with little or no state presence".<sup id="cite_ref-icgrpt_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-icgrpt-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crime_in_Colombia&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1259569809">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid 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href="/w/index.php?title=Crime_in_Colombia&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-HistoricalCommission-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-HistoricalCommission_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFHistorical_Commission_on_the_Conflict_and_Its_Victims_(CHCV)2015" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Historical Commission on the Conflict and Its Victims (CHCV) (February 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160121194351/https://www.mesadeconversaciones.com.co/sites/default/files/Informe%20Comisi_n%20Hist_rica%20del%20Conflicto%20y%20sus%20V_ctimas.%20La%20Habana%2C%20Febrero%20de%202015.pdf">"Contribution to an Understanding of the Armed Conflict in Colombia"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (in Spanish). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mesadeconversaciones.com.co/sites/default/files/Informe%20Comisi_n%20Hist_rica%20del%20Conflicto%20y%20sus%20V_ctimas.%20La%20Habana,%20Febrero%20de%202015.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 2016-01-21<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-08-17</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Contribution+to+an+Understanding+of+the+Armed+Conflict+in+Colombia&rft.date=2015-02&rft.au=Historical+Commission+on+the+Conflict+and+Its+Victims+%28CHCV%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mesadeconversaciones.com.co%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2FInforme%2520Comisi_n%2520Hist_rica%2520del%2520Conflicto%2520y%2520sus%2520V_ctimas.%2520La%2520Habana%2C%2520Febrero%2520de%25202015.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACrime+in+Colombia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-colombia-and-us-54-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-colombia-and-us-54_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMario_A._MurilloJesús_Rey_Avirama2004" class="citation book cs1">Mario A. 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href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Colombian_history" title="Timeline of Colombian history">Timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_in_Colombia" title="Indigenous peoples in Colombia">Indigenous peoples</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muisca_Confederation" title="Muisca Confederation">Muisca Confederation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_conquest_of_the_Muisca" title="Spanish conquest of the Muisca">Spanish conquest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Kingdom_of_Granada" title="New Kingdom of Granada">Kingdom of New Granada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viceroyalty_of_New_Granada" title="Viceroyalty of New Granada">Viceroyalty of New Granada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foolish_Fatherland" class="mw-redirect" title="Foolish Fatherland">Foolish Fatherland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Provinces_of_New_Granada" title="United Provinces of New Granada">United Provinces of New Granada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_career_of_Sim%C3%B3n_Bol%C3%ADvar" title="Military career of Simón Bolívar">Military career of Simón Bolívar</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_American_wars_of_independence" title="Spanish American wars of independence">Wars of independence</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gran_Colombia" title="Gran Colombia">Gran Colombia</a> (<a href="/wiki/Reunification_of_Gran_Colombia" title="Reunification of Gran Colombia">reunification</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_New_Granada" title="Republic of New Granada">Republic of New Granada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Granadine_Confederation" title="Granadine Confederation">Granadine Confederation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_of_Colombia" title="United States of Colombia">United States of Colombia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colombia" title="Colombia">Republic of Colombia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colombian_Civil_War_of_1895" title="Colombian Civil War of 1895">Colombian Civil War of 1895</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thousand_Days%27_War" title="Thousand Days' War">Thousand Days' War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Separation_of_Panama_from_Colombia" title="Separation of Panama from Colombia">Separation of Panama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colombia%E2%80%93Peru_War" title="Colombia–Peru War">Colombia–Peru War (Leticia Incident)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colombia_during_World_War_II" title="Colombia during World War II">World War II</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/La_Violencia" title="La Violencia">La Violencia</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Front_(Colombia)" title="National Front (Colombia)">National Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colombian_conflict" title="Colombian conflict">Current internal armed conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colombian_peace_process" title="Colombian peace process">Colombian peace process</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Colombia" title="Geography of Colombia">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Biodiversity_of_Colombia" title="Biodiversity of Colombia">Biodiversity</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fauna_of_Colombia" title="Fauna of Colombia">Fauna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flora_of_Colombia" title="Flora of Colombia">Flora</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_Colombia" title="Climate of Colombia">Climate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geology_of_Colombia" title="Geology of Colombia">Geology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Mountain_ranges_of_Colombia" title="Category:Mountain ranges of Colombia">Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Islands_of_Colombia" title="Category:Islands of Colombia">Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_Colombia" title="List of rivers of Colombia">Rivers</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Valleys_and_Plateaus_of_Colombia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Valleys and Plateaus of Colombia (page does not exist)">Valleys and Plateaus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_national_parks_of_Colombia" title="List of national parks of Colombia">National parks <span style="font-size:85%;">(Protected Areas)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_and_towns_in_Colombia" title="List of cities and towns in Colombia">Cities and towns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natural_hazards_in_Colombia" title="Natural hazards in Colombia">Natural hazards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_issues_in_Colombia" title="Environmental issues in Colombia">Environmental issues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_invasive_species_in_Colombia" title="List of invasive species in Colombia">Invasive species</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Colombia" title="List of World Heritage Sites in Colombia">World Heritage Sites</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Natural_regions_of_Colombia" title="Natural regions of Colombia">Natural regions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_natural_region" title="Amazon natural region">Amazon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andean_natural_region" title="Andean natural region">Andean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caribbean_natural_region" title="Caribbean natural region">Caribbean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insular_region_of_Colombia" title="Insular region of Colombia">Insular</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orinoqu%C3%ADa_natural_region" title="Orinoquía natural region">Orinoquía</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacific/Choc%C3%B3_natural_region" title="Pacific/Chocó natural region">Pacific/Chocó</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Colombia" title="Administrative divisions of Colombia">Subdivisions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Departments_of_Colombia" title="Departments of Colombia">Departments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Municipalities_of_Colombia" title="Municipalities of Colombia">Municipalities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_areas_of_Colombia" title="Metropolitan areas of Colombia">Metropolitan areas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bogot%C3%A1" title="Bogotá">Capital District</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Corregimientos_of_Colombia" title="Corregimientos of Colombia">Corregimientos</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_territory_(Colombia)" title="Indigenous territory (Colombia)">Indigenous territories</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Colombia" title="Politics of Colombia">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Colombia" title="List of political parties in Colombia">Political parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Colombia" title="Elections in Colombia">Elections</a></li> <li>Ideologies <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Liberalism_in_Colombia" title="Liberalism in Colombia">Liberalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservatism_in_Colombia" title="Conservatism in Colombia">Conservatism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communism_in_Colombia" title="Communism in Colombia">Communism</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Colombia" title="Government of Colombia">Governance</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Colombian_Constitution_of_1991" title="Colombian Constitution of 1991">Constitution</a></li> <li>Control <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Office_of_the_Auditor_General_of_Colombia" title="Office of the Auditor General of Colombia">Auditor General</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Office_of_the_Comptroller_General_of_Colombia" title="Office of the Comptroller General of Colombia">Comptroller General</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Office_of_the_Inspector_General_of_Colombia" title="Office of the Inspector General of Colombia">Inspector General</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ombudsman%27s_Office_of_Colombia" title="Ombudsman's Office of Colombia">Ombudsman</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Executive_Branch_of_Colombia" title="Executive Branch of Colombia">Executive</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Ministers_of_Colombia" title="Council of Ministers of Colombia">Council of Ministers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_entities_of_Colombia" title="Government entities of Colombia">Government agencies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Colombia" title="President of Colombia">President</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_Colombia" title="Vice President of Colombia">Vice President</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Colombia" title="Foreign relations of Colombia">Foreign relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_Colombia" title="Judiciary of Colombia">Judiciary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congress_of_Colombia" title="Congress of Colombia">Congress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Police_of_Colombia" title="National Police of Colombia">Police</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Military_Forces_of_Colombia" title="Military Forces of Colombia">Military</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Colombian_Aerospace_Force" class="mw-redirect" title="Colombian Aerospace Force">Aerospace Force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Army_of_Colombia" title="National Army of Colombia">Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colombian_Navy" title="Colombian Navy">Navy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Colombia" title="Economy of Colombia">Economy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Banking_in_Colombia" class="mw-redirect" title="Banking in Colombia">Banking</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bank_of_the_Republic_(Colombia)" title="Bank of the Republic (Colombia)">Central bank</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_companies_of_Colombia" title="List of companies of Colombia">Companies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_history_of_Colombia" title="Economic history of Colombia">Economic history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_Colombia" title="Agriculture in Colombia">Agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Industry_of_Colombia" title="Industry of Colombia">Industry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mineral_industry_of_Colombia" title="Mineral industry of Colombia">Mineral industry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colombian_peso" title="Colombian peso">Peso <span style="font-size:85%;">(currency)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colombia_Stock_Exchange" title="Colombia Stock Exchange">Stock exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_and_technology_in_Colombia" title="Science and technology in Colombia">Science and technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Colombia" class="mw-redirect" title="Telecommunications in Colombia">Telecommunications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taxation_in_Colombia" title="Taxation in Colombia">Taxation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trade_unions_in_Colombia" title="Trade unions in Colombia">Trade unions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Colombia" title="Tourism in Colombia">Tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Colombia" title="Transport in Colombia">Transportation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Society_of_Colombia" title="Category:Society of Colombia">Society</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_Colombia" title="Abortion in Colombia">Abortion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colombians" title="Colombians">Colombians</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Colombians" title="List of Colombians">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Colombia" title="Demographics of Colombia">Demographics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Colombia" title="Education in Colombia">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Colombia" title="Languages of Colombia">Languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Colombia" title="Religion in Colombia">Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Race_and_ethnicity_in_Colombia" title="Race and ethnicity in Colombia">Race and ethnicity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Health_care_in_Colombia" title="Health care in Colombia">Health care</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_supply_and_sanitation_in_Colombia" title="Water supply and sanitation in Colombia">Water supply and sanitation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_Colombia" title="Women in Colombia">Women</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Colombia" title="Culture of Colombia">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_archaeological_sites_in_Colombia" title="List of archaeological sites in Colombia">Archaeological sites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Colombia" title="Architecture of Colombia">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colombian_art" title="Colombian art">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Colombia" title="Cinema of Colombia">Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Video_gaming_in_Colombia" class="mw-redirect" title="Video gaming in Colombia">Video gaming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colombian_cuisine" title="Colombian cuisine">Cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Colombia" title="List of World Heritage Sites in Colombia">World Heritage Sites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carnival_in_Colombia" title="Carnival in Colombia">Carnivals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_festivals_in_Colombia" title="List of festivals in Colombia">Festivals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colombian_folklore" title="Colombian folklore">Folklore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colombian_handicrafts" title="Colombian handicrafts">Handicrafts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colombian_literature" title="Colombian literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_of_Colombia" class="mw-redirect" title="Media of Colombia">Media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muisca_mythology" title="Muisca mythology">Muisca mythology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muisca_religion" title="Muisca religion">Muisca religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Colombia" title="Music of Colombia">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theater_of_Colombia" title="Theater of Colombia">Theater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_symbols_of_Colombia" title="National symbols of Colombia">National symbols</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Colombia" title="Coat of arms of Colombia">Coat of arms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Colombia" title="Flag of Colombia">Flag</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Colombia" title="Public holidays in Colombia">Public holidays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Colombia" title="Freedom of religion in Colombia">Freedom of religion in Colombia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miss_Colombia" title="Miss Colombia">Miss Colombia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sport_in_Colombia" title="Sport in Colombia">Sport</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Social_issues" class="mw-redirect" title="Social issues">Issues</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Colombia" title="Human rights in Colombia">Human rights</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Intersex_rights_in_Colombia" title="Intersex rights in Colombia">Intersex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Colombia" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in Colombia">LGBT</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immigration_to_Colombia" title="Immigration to Colombia">Immigration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emigration_from_Colombia" title="Emigration from Colombia">Emigration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_Colombia" title="Poverty in Colombia">Poverty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smoking_in_Colombia" title="Smoking in Colombia">Smoking</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Crime</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Illegal_drug_trade_in_Colombia" title="Illegal drug trade in Colombia">Drug trafficking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corruption_in_Colombia" title="Corruption in Colombia">Corruption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terrorism_in_Colombia" title="Terrorism in Colombia">Terrorism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guerrilla_movements_in_Colombia" title="Guerrilla movements in Colombia">Guerrilla movements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right-wing_paramilitarism_in_Colombia" title="Right-wing paramilitarism in Colombia">Right-wing paramilitarism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colombia_in_popular_culture" title="Colombia in popular culture">Colombia in popular culture</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;"><div><div style="margin-bottom:-0.4em;"><ul><li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Colombia" title="Outline of Colombia">Outline</a></span></li><li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Index_of_Colombia-related_articles" title="Index of Colombia-related articles">Index</a></span></li></ul></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Colombia" title="Category:Colombia">Category</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:Colombia" title="Portal:Colombia">Portal</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Crime_in_the_Americas" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Americas_topic" title="Template:Americas topic"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Americas_topic" title="Template talk:Americas topic"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Americas_topic" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Americas topic"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Crime_in_the_Americas" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Crime in the Americas</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states_in_the_Americas" class="mw-redirect" title="List of sovereign states in the Americas">Sovereign<br />states</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crime_in_Antigua_and_Barbuda&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Crime in Antigua and Barbuda (page does not exist)">Antigua and Barbuda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crime_in_Argentina" title="Crime in Argentina">Argentina</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crime_in_the_Bahamas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Crime in the Bahamas (page does not exist)">Bahamas</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crime_in_Barbados&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Crime in Barbados (page does not exist)">Barbados</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crime_in_Belize" class="mw-redirect" title="Crime in Belize">Belize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crime_in_Bolivia" title="Crime in Bolivia">Bolivia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crime_in_Brazil" title="Crime in Brazil">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crime_in_Canada" title="Crime in Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crime_in_Chile" title="Crime in Chile">Chile</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Colombia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crime_in_Costa_Rica" title="Crime in Costa Rica">Costa Rica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crime_in_Cuba" title="Crime in Cuba">Cuba</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crime_in_Dominica&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Crime in Dominica (page does not exist)">Dominica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crime_in_the_Dominican_Republic" title="Crime in the Dominican Republic">Dominican Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crime_in_Ecuador" title="Crime in Ecuador">Ecuador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crime_in_El_Salvador" title="Crime in El Salvador">El Salvador</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crime_in_Grenada&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Crime in Grenada (page does not exist)">Grenada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crime_in_Guatemala" title="Crime in Guatemala">Guatemala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crime_in_Guyana" title="Crime in Guyana">Guyana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crime_in_Haiti" title="Crime in Haiti">Haiti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crime_in_Honduras" title="Crime in Honduras">Honduras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crime_in_Jamaica" title="Crime in Jamaica">Jamaica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crime_in_Mexico" title="Crime in Mexico">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crime_in_Nicaragua&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Crime in Nicaragua (page does not exist)">Nicaragua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crime_in_Panama" title="Crime in Panama">Panama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crime_in_Paraguay" title="Crime in Paraguay">Paraguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crime_in_Peru" title="Crime in Peru">Peru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crime_in_Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis" title="Crime in Saint Kitts and Nevis">Saint Kitts and Nevis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crime_in_Saint_Lucia" title="Crime in Saint Lucia">Saint Lucia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crime_in_Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Crime in Saint Vincent and the Grenadines (page does not exist)">Saint Vincent and the Grenadines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crime_in_Suriname" title="Crime in Suriname">Suriname</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crime_in_Trinidad_and_Tobago" title="Crime in Trinidad and Tobago">Trinidad and Tobago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crime_in_the_United_States" title="Crime in the United States">United States</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crime_in_Uruguay&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Crime in Uruguay (page does not exist)">Uruguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crime_in_Venezuela" title="Crime in Venezuela">Venezuela</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="2" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Americas" title="Americas"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Americas_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/100px-Americas_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Americas_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/150px-Americas_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Americas_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/200px-Americas_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="550" data-file-height="550" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Dependent_territory" title="Dependent territory">Dependencies</a><br />and <a href="/wiki/Territory" title="Territory">territories</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crime_in_Anguilla&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Crime in Anguilla (page does not exist)">Anguilla</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crime_in_Aruba&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Crime in Aruba (page does not exist)">Aruba</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crime_in_Bermuda&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Crime in Bermuda (page does not exist)">Bermuda</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crime_in_Bonaire&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Crime in Bonaire (page does not exist)">Bonaire</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crime_in_the_British_Virgin_Islands&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Crime in the British Virgin Islands (page does not exist)">British Virgin Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crime_in_the_Cayman_Islands" title="Crime in the Cayman Islands">Cayman Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crime_in_Cura%C3%A7ao&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Crime in Curaçao (page does not exist)">Curaçao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crime_in_the_Falkland_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Crime in the Falkland Islands">Falkland Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crime_in_French_Guiana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Crime in French Guiana (page does not exist)">French Guiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crime_in_Greenland" class="mw-redirect" title="Crime in Greenland">Greenland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crime_in_Guadeloupe" class="mw-redirect" title="Crime in Guadeloupe">Guadeloupe</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crime_in_Martinique&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Crime in Martinique (page does not exist)">Martinique</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crime_in_Montserrat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Crime in Montserrat (page does not exist)">Montserrat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crime_in_Puerto_Rico" title="Crime in Puerto Rico">Puerto Rico</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crime_in_Saba_(island)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Crime in Saba (island) (page does not exist)">Saba</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crime_in_Saint_Barth%C3%A9lemy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Crime in Saint Barthélemy (page does not exist)">Saint Barthélemy</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crime_in_the_Collectivity_of_Saint_Martin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Crime in the Collectivity of Saint Martin (page does not exist)">Saint Martin</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crime_in_Saint_Pierre_and_Miquelon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Crime in Saint Pierre and Miquelon (page does not exist)">Saint Pierre and Miquelon</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crime_in_Sint_Eustatius&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Crime in Sint Eustatius (page does not exist)">Sint Eustatius</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crime_in_Sint_Maarten&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Crime in Sint Maarten (page does not exist)">Sint Maarten</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crime_in_South_Georgia_and_the_South_Sandwich_Islands&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Crime in South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands (page does not exist)">South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crime_in_the_Turks_and_Caicos_Islands&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Crime in the Turks and Caicos Islands (page does not exist)">Turks and Caicos Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crime_in_the_United_States_Virgin_Islands&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Crime in the United States Virgin Islands (page does not exist)">U.S. Virgin Islands</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crime_in_North_America&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Crime in North America (page does not exist)">North America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crime_in_Central_America" class="mw-redirect" title="Crime in Central America">Central America</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crime_in_the_Caribbean&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Crime in the Caribbean (page does not exist)">Caribbean</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crime_in_Latin_America" class="mw-redirect" title="Crime in Latin America">Latin America</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Crime_in_South_America" class="mw-redirect" title="Crime in South America">South America</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Crime_in_Colombia&oldid=1257897490">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Crime_in_Colombia&oldid=1257897490</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Category</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Crime_in_Colombia" title="Category:Crime in Colombia">Crime in Colombia</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" 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