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id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"> <script>function mfTempOpenSection(id){var block=document.getElementById("mf-section-"+id);block.className+=" open-block";block.previousSibling.className+=" open-block";}</script> <div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section class="mf-section-0" id="mf-section-0"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"> For other uses, see <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa_(disambiguation)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-disambig" title="Haifa (disambiguation)">Haifa (disambiguation)</a>. </div> <style 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.infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style> Haifa (<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/English?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/English">/ˈhaɪfə/</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key">HY-fə</a>; <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hebrew_language?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hebrew language">Hebrew</a>: חֵיפָה, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Romanization_of_Hebrew?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Romanization of Hebrew">romanized</a>: Ḥēyfā, <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style>IPA: <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Hebrew?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/Hebrew">[ˈχajfa]</a>; <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Arabic_language?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a>: حَيْفَا, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Romanization_of_Arabic?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Romanization of Arabic">romanized</a>: Ḥayfā)<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Bosworth-2">[2]</a> is the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Israel?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="List of cities in Israel">third-largest city</a> in Israel—after <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jerusalem?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tel_Aviv?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tel Aviv">Tel Aviv</a>—with a population of 290,306 in 2022. The city of Haifa forms part of the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa_metropolitan_area?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Haifa metropolitan area">Haifa metropolitan area</a>, the third-most populous metropolitan area in Israel.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-3">[3]</a> It is home to the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_Faith?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Baháʼí Faith">Baháʼí Faith</a>'s <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_World_Centre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Baháʼí World Centre">Baháʼí World Centre</a>, and is a <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/UNESCO?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/World_Heritage_Site?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="World Heritage Site">World Heritage Site</a> and a destination for <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_pilgrimage?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Baháʼí pilgrimage">Baháʼí pilgrimage</a>.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-UNESCO-4">[4]</a> <table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"> <tbody> <tr> <th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"> <div class="fn org"> Haifa </div> <div class="nickname ib-settlement-native"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style> <div class="hlist"> <ul> <li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1241449095">.mw-parser-output .script-hebrew,.mw-parser-output .script-Hebr{font-family:"Ezra SIL SR","Ezra SIL","SBL Hebrew","Taamey Frank CLM","SBL BibLit","Taamey Ashkenaz","Frank Ruehl CLM","Keter Aram Tsova","Taamey David CLM","Keter YG","Shofar","David CLM","Hadasim CLM","Simple CLM","Nachlieli",Cardo,Alef,"Noto Serif Hebrew","Noto Sans Hebrew","David Libre",David,"Times New Roman",Gisha,Arial,FreeSerif,FreeSans}</style>חֵיפָה‎</li> <li>حَيْفَا</li> </ul> </div> </div></th> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"> <div class="category"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Israel?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="List of cities in Israel">City</a> </div></td> </tr> <tr class="mergedtoprow"> <td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style> <div class="thumb tmulti tnone center"> <div class="multiimageinner" style="width:292px;max-width:292px;border:none"> <div class="trow"> <div class="tsingle" style="width:290px;max-width:290px"> <div style="height:137px;overflow:hidden"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:PikiWiki_Israel_76755_haifa_lights_in_the_evening_(cropped).jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/PikiWiki_Israel_76755_haifa_lights_in_the_evening_%28cropped%29.jpg/288px-PikiWiki_Israel_76755_haifa_lights_in_the_evening_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="288" height="137" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/PikiWiki_Israel_76755_haifa_lights_in_the_evening_%2528cropped%2529.jpg/432px-PikiWiki_Israel_76755_haifa_lights_in_the_evening_%2528cropped%2529.jpg 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/PikiWiki_Israel_76755_haifa_lights_in_the_evening_%2528cropped%2529.jpg/576px-PikiWiki_Israel_76755_haifa_lights_in_the_evening_%2528cropped%2529.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5472" data-file-height="2611"></a> </div> <div class="text-align-center"> Downtown and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Port_of_Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Port of Haifa">Port of Haifa</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="trow"> <div class="tsingle" style="width:83px;max-width:83px"> <div style="height:142px;overflow:hidden"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:SailTower.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/SailTower.jpg/81px-SailTower.jpg" decoding="async" width="81" height="142" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/SailTower.jpg/122px-SailTower.jpg 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/SailTower.jpg/162px-SailTower.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1167" data-file-height="2048"></a> </div> <div class="text-align-center"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sail_Tower?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sail Tower">Sail Tower</a> </div> </div> <div class="tsingle" style="width:105px;max-width:105px"> <div style="height:142px;overflow:hidden"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Haifa_5694-1.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Haifa_5694-1.jpg/103px-Haifa_5694-1.jpg" decoding="async" width="103" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Haifa_5694-1.jpg/155px-Haifa_5694-1.jpg 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Haifa_5694-1.jpg/206px-Haifa_5694-1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1535" data-file-height="2126"></a> </div> <div class="text-align-center"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_World_Centre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Baháʼí World Centre">Baháʼí World Centre</a> </div> </div> <div class="tsingle" style="width:98px;max-width:98px"> <div style="height:142px;overflow:hidden"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Israel_Electric_Company_Building_-_Hof_HaCarmel_-_Haifa.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Israel_Electric_Company_Building_-_Hof_HaCarmel_-_Haifa.jpg/96px-Israel_Electric_Company_Building_-_Hof_HaCarmel_-_Haifa.jpg" decoding="async" width="96" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Israel_Electric_Company_Building_-_Hof_HaCarmel_-_Haifa.jpg/144px-Israel_Electric_Company_Building_-_Hof_HaCarmel_-_Haifa.jpg 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Israel_Electric_Company_Building_-_Hof_HaCarmel_-_Haifa.jpg/192px-Israel_Electric_Company_Building_-_Hof_HaCarmel_-_Haifa.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1955" data-file-height="2917"></a> </div> <div class="text-align-center"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/IEC_Tower?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="IEC Tower">IEC Tower</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="trow"> <div class="tsingle" style="width:161px;max-width:161px"> <div style="height:89px;overflow:hidden"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:98082_polytechnic_PikiWiki_Israel.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/98082_polytechnic_PikiWiki_Israel.jpg/159px-98082_polytechnic_PikiWiki_Israel.jpg" decoding="async" width="159" height="89" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/98082_polytechnic_PikiWiki_Israel.jpg/239px-98082_polytechnic_PikiWiki_Israel.jpg 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/98082_polytechnic_PikiWiki_Israel.jpg/318px-98082_polytechnic_PikiWiki_Israel.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1152"></a> </div> <div class="text-align-center"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Madatech?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Madatech">Madatech</a> </div> </div> <div class="tsingle" style="width:127px;max-width:127px"> <div style="height:89px;overflow:hidden"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Bat_Galim_neighborhood_and_Haifa_Bay.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Bat_Galim_neighborhood_and_Haifa_Bay.jpg/125px-Bat_Galim_neighborhood_and_Haifa_Bay.jpg" decoding="async" width="125" height="89" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Bat_Galim_neighborhood_and_Haifa_Bay.jpg/188px-Bat_Galim_neighborhood_and_Haifa_Bay.jpg 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Bat_Galim_neighborhood_and_Haifa_Bay.jpg/250px-Bat_Galim_neighborhood_and_Haifa_Bay.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2100" data-file-height="1500"></a> </div> <div class="text-align-center"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bat_Galim?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bat Galim">Bat Galim</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="trow"> <div class="tsingle" style="width:146px;max-width:146px"> <div style="height:104px;overflow:hidden"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Hadar_and_Carmel.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Hadar_and_Carmel.jpg/144px-Hadar_and_Carmel.jpg" decoding="async" width="144" height="105" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Hadar_and_Carmel.jpg/216px-Hadar_and_Carmel.jpg 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Hadar_and_Carmel.jpg/288px-Hadar_and_Carmel.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3084" data-file-height="2240"></a> </div> <div class="text-align-center"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hadar_HaCarmel?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hadar HaCarmel">Hadar HaCarmel</a> </div> </div> <div class="tsingle" style="width:142px;max-width:142px"> <div style="height:104px;overflow:hidden"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:97600_stella_maris_monastery_PikiWiki_Israel.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/97600_stella_maris_monastery_PikiWiki_Israel.jpg/140px-97600_stella_maris_monastery_PikiWiki_Israel.jpg" decoding="async" width="140" height="105" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/97600_stella_maris_monastery_PikiWiki_Israel.jpg/210px-97600_stella_maris_monastery_PikiWiki_Israel.jpg 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/97600_stella_maris_monastery_PikiWiki_Israel.jpg/280px-97600_stella_maris_monastery_PikiWiki_Israel.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024"></a> </div> <div class="text-align-center"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Stella_Maris_Monastery?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Stella Maris Monastery">Stella Maris Monastery</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div></td> </tr> <tr class="mergedtoprow"> <td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data maptable"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1028600610">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols{text-align:center;display:table;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-row{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cell{display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cellt{display:table-cell;vertical-align:top}</style> <div class="ib-settlement-cols"> <div class="ib-settlement-cols-row"> <div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Flag_of_Haifa.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Haifa"><img alt="Flag of Haifa" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_Haifa.svg/100px-Flag_of_Haifa.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="73" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_Haifa.svg/150px-Flag_of_Haifa.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_Haifa.svg/200px-Flag_of_Haifa.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="660" data-file-height="480"></a> <div class="ib-settlement-caption-link"> Flag </div> </div> <div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_Haifa.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Coat_of_arms_of_Haifa.svg/60px-Coat_of_arms_of_Haifa.svg.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="91" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Coat_of_arms_of_Haifa.svg/90px-Coat_of_arms_of_Haifa.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Coat_of_arms_of_Haifa.svg/120px-Coat_of_arms_of_Haifa.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="333" data-file-height="507"></a> <div class="ib-settlement-caption-link"> Coat of arms </div> </div> </div> </div></td> </tr> <tr class="mergedtoprow"> <td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Printable_map_haifa_israel_g_view_level_12_eng_svg.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="Map of Haifa"><img alt="Map of Haifa" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Printable_map_haifa_israel_g_view_level_12_eng_svg.svg/250px-Printable_map_haifa_israel_g_view_level_12_eng_svg.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="255" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Printable_map_haifa_israel_g_view_level_12_eng_svg.svg/375px-Printable_map_haifa_israel_g_view_level_12_eng_svg.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Printable_map_haifa_israel_g_view_level_12_eng_svg.svg/500px-Printable_map_haifa_israel_g_view_level_12_eng_svg.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="766"></a> <div class="ib-settlement-caption"> Map of Haifa </div></td> </tr> <tr class="mergedtoprow"> <td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"> <div class="switcher-container"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style> <div class="center"> <div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"> <div style="width:250px;padding:0"> <div style="position:relative;width:250px"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Israel_outline_north_haifa.png?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="Haifa is located in Northern Haifa region of Israel"><img alt="Haifa is located in Northern Haifa region of Israel" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Israel_outline_north_haifa.png/250px-Israel_outline_north_haifa.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="164" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Israel_outline_north_haifa.png/375px-Israel_outline_north_haifa.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Israel_outline_north_haifa.png/500px-Israel_outline_north_haifa.png 2x" data-file-width="1347" data-file-height="881"></a> <div class="od notheme" style="top:53.75%;left:53.43%;font-size:91%"> <div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"> <img alt="Haifa" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64"> </div> <div class="pl" style="width:6em;right:4px"> <div> Haifa </div> </div> </div> </div> <div style="padding-top:0.2em"> Location in Israel </div>Show map of Northern Haifa region of Israel </div> </div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238443738"> <div class="center"> <div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"> <div style="width:250px;padding:0"> <div style="position:relative;width:250px"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Israel_location_map_with_stripes.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="Haifa is located in Israel"><img alt="Haifa is located in Israel" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Israel_location_map_with_stripes.svg/250px-Israel_location_map_with_stripes.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="465" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Israel_location_map_with_stripes.svg/375px-Israel_location_map_with_stripes.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Israel_location_map_with_stripes.svg/500px-Israel_location_map_with_stripes.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="614" data-file-height="1141"></a> <div class="od notheme" style="top:16.21%;left:49.968%;font-size:91%"> <div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"> <img alt="Haifa" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64"> </div> <div class="pl" style="width:6em;right:4px"> <div> Haifa </div> </div> </div> </div> <div style="padding-top:0.2em"> Haifa (Israel) </div>Show map of Israel </div> </div> </div> </div></td> </tr> <tr class="mergedrow"> <td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Coordinates: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><a class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename%3DHaifa%26params%3D32_49_09_N_34_59_57_E_region:IL_type:city(290306)">32°49′09″N 34°59′57″E / 32.81917°N 34.99917°E / 32.81917; 34.99917</a></td> </tr> <tr class="mergedbottomrow"> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Grid position</th> <td class="infobox-data">145/246 <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Palestine_grid?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Palestine grid">PAL</a></td> </tr> <tr class="mergedtoprow"> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country</th> <td class="infobox-data"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/21px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/32px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/41px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="800"> Israel</td> </tr> <tr class="mergedrow"> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Districts_of_Israel?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Districts of Israel">District</a></th> <td class="infobox-data"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_Haifa.svg/21px-Flag_of_Haifa.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_Haifa.svg/32px-Flag_of_Haifa.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_Haifa.svg/41px-Flag_of_Haifa.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="660" data-file-height="480"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa_District?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Haifa District">Haifa</a></td> </tr> <tr class="mergedtoprow"> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founded</th> <td class="infobox-data">1st century CE</td> </tr> <tr class="mergedtoprow"> <th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Government <div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th> </tr> <tr class="mergedrow"> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mayor_of_Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mayor of Haifa">Mayor</a></th> <td class="infobox-data"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Einat_Kalisch-Rotem?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Einat Kalisch-Rotem">Einat Kalisch-Rotem</a></td> </tr> <tr class="mergedtoprow"> <th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Area <div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th> </tr> <tr class="mergedrow"> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> <div style="white-space:nowrap;">  • <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Israel?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="List of cities in Israel">City</a> </div></th> <td class="infobox-data">63,666 <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dunam?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Dunam">dunams</a> (63.666 km2 or 24.582 sq mi)</td> </tr> <tr class="mergedtoprow"> <th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Population <div class="ib-settlement-fn">  (2022)<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Israelpopulations-1">[1]</a> </div></th> </tr> <tr class="mergedrow"> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> <div style="white-space:nowrap;">  • <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Israel?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="List of cities in Israel">City</a> </div></th> <td class="infobox-data">290,306</td> </tr> <tr class="mergedrow"> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Density</th> <td class="infobox-data">4,600/km2 (12,000/sq mi)</td> </tr> <tr class="mergedrow"> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Urban_area?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Urban area">Urban</a> <div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th> <td class="infobox-data">600,000</td> </tr> <tr class="mergedrow"> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Metropolitan_area?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Metropolitan area">Metro</a> <div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th> <td class="infobox-data">1,050,000</td> </tr> <tr class="mergedtoprow"> <th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Ethnicity <div class="ib-settlement-fn"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Israelpopulations-1">[1]</a> </div></th> </tr> <tr class="mergedrow"> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Israeli_Jews?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Israeli Jews">Jews</a></th> <td class="infobox-data">73.1%</td> </tr> <tr class="mergedrow"> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Arab_citizens_of_Israel?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Arab citizens of Israel">Arabs</a></th> <td class="infobox-data">12.1%</td> </tr> <tr class="mergedrow"> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Others</th> <td class="infobox-data">14.8%</td> </tr> <tr class="mergedtoprow"> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th> <td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.haifa.muni.il/English/Pages/default.aspx">www.haifa.muni.il</a></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> Built on the slopes of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mount_Carmel?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mount Carmel">Mount Carmel</a>, the settlement has a history spanning more than 3,000 years. The earliest known settlement in the vicinity was <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tell_Abu_Hawam?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tell Abu Hawam">Tell Abu Hawam</a>, a small port city established in the Late <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bronze_Age?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bronze Age">Bronze Age</a> (14th century BCE).<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Judaica-5">[5]</a> In the 3rd century CE, Haifa was known as a <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tool_and_die_maker?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tool and die maker">dye-making</a> center. Over the millennia, the Haifa area has changed hands: being conquered and ruled by the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Canaanites?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Canaanites">Canaanites</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/History_of_ancient_Israel_and_Judah?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="History of ancient Israel and Judah">Israelites</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Phoenicians?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Phoenicians">Phoenicians</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Assyria?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Assyria">Assyrians</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Neo-Babylonian_Empire?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Neo-Babylonian Empire">Babylonians</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Achaemenid_Empire?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Achaemenid Empire">Persians</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hasmoneans?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Hasmoneans">Hasmoneans</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ancient_Rome?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ancient Rome">Romans</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Byzantine_Empire?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Byzantine Empire">Byzantines</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Arab?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Arab">Arabs</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Crusades?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Crusades">Crusaders</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ottoman_Empire?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottomans</a>, and the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mandatory_Palestine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mandatory Palestine">British</a>. During the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Battle_of_Haifa_(1948)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Battle of Haifa (1948)">Battle of Haifa</a> in the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1948_Palestine_war?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1948 Palestine war">1948 Palestine war</a>, most of the city's Arab population <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1948_Palestinian_expulsion_and_flight?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1948 Palestinian expulsion and flight">fled or were expelled</a>. That year, the city became part of the then-newly-established state of Israel. As of 2016<a class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title%3DHaifa%26action%3Dedit">[update]</a>, the city is a major <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Port_of_Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Port of Haifa">seaport</a> located on Israel's <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Israeli_coastal_plain?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Israeli coastal plain">Mediterranean</a> coastline in the Bay of Haifa covering 63.7 km2 (24.6 sq mi). It lies about 90 km (56 mi) north of Tel Aviv and is the major regional center of northern Israel. Two respected academic institutions, the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/University_of_Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="University of Haifa">University of Haifa</a> and the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Technion_%E2%80%93_Israel_Institute_of_Technology?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Technion – Israel Institute of Technology">Technion – Israel Institute of Technology</a> the oldest and top ranked university in both Israel and the Middle East, are located in Haifa, in addition to the largest <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/K%E2%80%9312?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="K–12">K–12</a> school in Israel, the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hebrew_Reali_School?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hebrew Reali School">Hebrew Reali School</a>. The city plays an important role in <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Economy_of_Israel?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Economy of Israel">Israel's economy</a>. It is home to <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Matam,_Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Matam, Haifa">Matam</a>, one of the oldest and largest high-tech parks in the country; and prior to the opening of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tel_Aviv_Light_Rail?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tel Aviv Light Rail">Tel Aviv Light Rail</a>, Haifa is the only city with <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rapid_transit?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Rapid transit">underground rapid transit system</a> in Israel known as the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Carmelit?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Carmelit">Carmelit</a>.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-6">[6]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-7">[7]</a> Haifa Bay is a center of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Heavy_industry?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Heavy industry">heavy industry</a>, petroleum refining and chemical processing. Haifa formerly functioned as the western terminus of an <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mosul%E2%80%93Haifa_oil_pipeline?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Mosul–Haifa oil pipeline">oil pipeline from Iraq</a> via <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jordan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Jordan">Jordan</a>.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-pipeline-8">[8]</a> It is one of Israel's <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mixed_cities?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mixed cities">mixed cities</a>, with an Arab-Israeli population of c.10%. <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"> <input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"> <div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label> </div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Etymology">1 Etymology</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Locations_and_names">2 Locations and names</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Sycaminum_and_Efa">2.1 Sycaminum and Efa</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Porphyreon">2.2 Porphyreon</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Early_Muslim_Haifa">2.3 Early Muslim Haifa</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-6"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Crusader_Caiphas">2.4 Crusader Caiphas</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-7"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Late_Ottoman_%22Old_Haifa%22">2.5 Late Ottoman "Old Haifa"</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-8"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Haifa_al-Jadida_(New_Haifa)_and_modern_Haifa">2.6 Haifa al-Jadida (New Haifa) and modern Haifa</a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-9"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#History">3 History</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-10"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Bronze_Age:_Tell_Abu_Hawam">3.1 Bronze Age: Tell Abu Hawam</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-11"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#In_the_Hebrew_Bible">3.2 In the Hebrew Bible</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-12"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Persian_and_Hellenistic_period:_near_Shikmona">3.3 Persian and Hellenistic period: near Shikmona</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-13"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Shikmona">3.3.1 Shikmona</a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-14"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Roman_period">3.4 Roman period</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-15"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Byzantine_period">3.5 Byzantine period</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-16"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Early_Muslim_period">3.6 Early Muslim period</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-17"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Crusader,_Ayyubid_and_Mamluk_rule">3.7 Crusader, Ayyubid and Mamluk rule</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-18"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Ottoman_period">3.8 Ottoman period</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-19"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_faith's_shrine">3.8.1 Baháʼí faith's shrine</a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-20"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#British_Mandate">3.9 British Mandate</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-21"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#1947%E2%80%931948_Civil_War_in_Palestine">3.10 1947–1948 Civil War in Palestine</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-22"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#State_of_Israel">3.11 State of Israel</a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-23"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Demographics">4 Demographics</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-24"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Religious_and_ethnic_communities">4.1 Religious and ethnic communities</a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-25"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Geography">5 Geography</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-26"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Flora_and_fauna">5.1 Flora and fauna</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-27"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Climate">5.2 Climate</a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-28"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Neighborhoods">6 Neighborhoods</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-29"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Urban_development">7 Urban development</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-30"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Economy">8 Economy</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-31"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Tourism">8.1 Tourism</a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-32"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Arts_and_culture">9 Arts and culture</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-33"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Museums">9.1 Museums</a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-34"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Government">10 Government</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-35"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Mayors">10.1 Mayors</a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-36"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Medical_facilities">11 Medical facilities</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-37"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Education">12 Education</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-38"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Transportation">13 Transportation</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-39"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Public_transportation">13.1 Public transportation</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-40"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Air_and_sea_transport">13.2 Air and sea transport</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-41"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Roads">13.3 Roads</a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-42"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Sports">14 Sports</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-43"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Notable_people">15 Notable people</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-44"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Terrorist_attacks">16 Terrorist attacks</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-45"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Twin_towns_%E2%80%93_sister_cities">17 Twin towns – sister cities</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-46"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#See_also">18 See also</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-47"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#References">19 References</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-48"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Sources">20 Sources</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-49"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Further_reading">21 Further reading</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-50"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#External_links">22 External links</a></li> </ul> </div> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"> <h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2> </div> <section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Western_Haifa_from_the_air.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Western_Haifa_from_the_air.jpg/220px-Western_Haifa_from_the_air.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="154" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1371" data-file-height="957"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 154px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Western_Haifa_from_the_air.jpg/220px-Western_Haifa_from_the_air.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="154" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Western_Haifa_from_the_air.jpg/330px-Western_Haifa_from_the_air.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Western_Haifa_from_the_air.jpg/440px-Western_Haifa_from_the_air.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> Western Haifa from the air </figcaption> </figure> The ultimate origin of the name Haifa remains unclear. One theory holds it derives from the name of the high priest <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Caiaphas?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Caiaphas">Caiaphas</a>.[<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] Some Christians believe it was named for <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Peter?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Saint Peter">Saint Peter</a>, whose <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Aramaic_language?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Aramaic language">Aramaic</a> name was Keipha.[<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] Another theory holds it could be derived from the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hebrew_language?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hebrew language">Hebrew</a> verb root חפה (hafa), from H-f-h root (ח-פ-ה), meaning to cover or shield, i.e. Mount Carmel covers Haifa;<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-pardes-9">[9]</a> others point to a possible origin in the Hebrew word חוֹף (hof), meaning "shore", or חוֹף יָפֶה (hof yafe), meaning "beautiful shore".<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-pardes-9">[9]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-10">[10]</a> Other spellings in English included Caipha, Kaipha, Caiffa, Kaiffa and Khaifa.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-MacMillan-11">[11]</a> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"> <h2 id="Locations_and_names">Locations and names</h2> </div> <section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Sycaminum_and_Efa">Sycaminum and Efa</h3> </div> The earliest named settlement within the area of modern-day Haifa was the city Sycaminum.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Dumperp159-12">[12]</a> The remains of the ancient town can be found in a coastal <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tell_(archaeology)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tell (archaeology)">tell</a>, or archaeological mound, known in Hebrew as <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tel_Shikmona?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tel Shikmona">Tel Shikmona</a>,<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Sharon-13">[13]</a> meaning 'mound of the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ficus_sycomorus?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ficus sycomorus">Ficus sycomorus</a>', and in Arabic as Tell el-Semak or Tell es-Samak, meaning 'mound of the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sumak?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Sumak">sumak</a> trees', names that preserved and transformed the ancient name, by which the town is mentioned once in the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mishnah?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mishnah">Mishnah</a> (composed c. 200 CE) for the wild fruits that grow around it.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Sharon-13">[13]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-PEF1875-14">[14]</a> The name Efa first appears during <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Palestine_(region)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Roman_rule_(63_BC)" title="Palestine (region)">Roman rule</a>, some time after the end of the 1st century, when a Roman fortress and small Jewish settlement were established not far from Tel Shikmona.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Dumperp159-12">[12]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Sharon-13">[13]</a> Haifa is also mentioned more than 100 times in the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Talmud?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Talmud">Talmud</a>, a work central to Judaism.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Sharon-13">[13]</a> Hefa or Hepha in <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eusebius_of_Caesarea?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Eusebius of Caesarea">Eusebius of Caesarea</a>'s 4th-century work, Onomasticon,<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-15">[15]</a> is said to be another name for Sycaminus.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Negev-16">[16]</a> This synonymizing of the names is explained by <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Moshe_Sharon?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Moshe Sharon">Moshe Sharon</a>, who writes that the twin ancient settlements, which he calls Haifa-Sycaminon, gradually expanded into one another, becoming a twin city known by the Greek names Sycaminon or Sycaminos Polis.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Sharon-13">[13]</a> References to this city end with the Byzantine period.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Judaica-5">[5]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Porphyreon">Porphyreon</h3> </div> Around the 6th century, Porphyreon or Porphyrea is mentioned in the writings of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_of_Tyre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="William of Tyre">William of Tyre</a>,[<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Accuracy_dispute?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Disputed_statement" title="Wikipedia:Accuracy dispute">dubious</a> – <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Talk:Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#WRONG!_W.o.T._lived_600_years_later" title="Talk:Haifa">discuss</a>] and while it lies within the area covered by modern Haifa, it was a settlement situated south of Haifa-Sycaminon.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Judaica-5">[5]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Sharon-13">[13]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Early_Muslim_Haifa">Early Muslim Haifa</h3> </div> Following the Arab conquest in the 7th century, Haifa was used to refer to a site established on Tel Shikmona upon what were already the ruins of Sycaminon (Shiqmona).<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Sharon-13">[13]</a> Haifa (or Haifah) is mentioned by the mid-11th-century Persian chronicler <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nasir_Khusraw?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Nasir Khusraw">Nasir Khusraw</a>, and the 12th- and 13th-century Arab chroniclers, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Muhammad_al-Idrisi?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Muhammad al-Idrisi">Muhammad al-Idrisi</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Yaqut_al-Hamawi?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Yaqut al-Hamawi">Yaqut al-Hamawi</a>.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Strange-17">[17]</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nasir-i-Khusrau?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Nasir-i-Khusrau">Nasir-i-Khusrau</a> visited in 1047; he noted that "Haifa lies on the seashore, and there are here palm-gardens and trees in numbers. There are in this town shipbuilders, who build very large craft."<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-18">[18]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Crusader_Caiphas">Crusader Caiphas</h3> </div> The Crusaders, who captured Haifa briefly in the 12th century, called it Caiphas,<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Dumperp159-12">[12]</a> and believe its name related to Cephas, the Aramaic name of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Simon_Peter?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Simon Peter">Simon Peter</a>.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-PEF1875-14">[14]</a> Eusebius is also said to have referred to Hefa as Caiaphas civitas,<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Rodgersp194-19">[19]</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Benjamin_of_Tudela?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Benjamin of Tudela">Benjamin of Tudela</a>, the 12th-century Jewish traveller and chronicler, is said to have attributed the city's founding to <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Caiaphas?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Caiaphas">Caiaphas</a>, the Jewish high priest at the time of Jesus.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-PEF1875-14">[14]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Late_Ottoman_"Old_Haifa"">Late Ottoman "Old Haifa"</h3> </div> Haifa al-'Atiqa (Arabic: 'Ancient Haifa') is another name used by some locals to refer to Tell es-Samak, when it was the site of a hamlet of 250 residents, before the settlement was moved in 1764–5 to the site from which the modern city emerged.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Seikalyp15-20">[20]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Haifa_al-Jadida_(New_Haifa)_and_modern_Haifa">Haifa al-Jadida (New Haifa) and modern Haifa</h3> </div> In 1764–5 <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Zahir_al-Umar?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Zahir al-Umar">Zahir al-Umar</a> moved the village to a new site 1.5 mi (2.4 km) to the east, which he also fortified.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Seikalyp15-20">[20]</a> The new village, the nucleus of modern Haifa, was first called al-imara al-jadida (Arabic: 'the new construction') by some, but others residing there called it Haifa al-Jadida ('New Haifa') at first, and then simply Haifa.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Bosworth-2">[2]</a> In the early 20th century, Haifa al 'Atiqa was repopulated with many <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Arab_Christian?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Arab Christian">Arab Christians</a> in an overall neighborhood in which many <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mizrahi_Jews?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mizrahi Jews">Middle Eastern Jews</a> were established inhabitants, as Haifa expanded outward from its new location.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTESeikaly200265-21">[21]</a> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"> <h2 id="History">History</h2> </div> <section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"> Main article: <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/History_of_Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="History of Haifa">History of Haifa</a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"> For a chronological guide, see <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Timeline_of_Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Timeline of Haifa">Timeline of Haifa</a>. </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Tell_Abu_Hawam_006.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Tell_Abu_Hawam_006.jpg/220px-Tell_Abu_Hawam_006.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="144" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1181" data-file-height="773"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 144px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Tell_Abu_Hawam_006.jpg/220px-Tell_Abu_Hawam_006.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="144" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Tell_Abu_Hawam_006.jpg/330px-Tell_Abu_Hawam_006.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Tell_Abu_Hawam_006.jpg/440px-Tell_Abu_Hawam_006.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> Jars excavated at Tell Abu Hawam </figcaption> </figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Bronze_Age:_Tell_Abu_Hawam">Bronze Age: Tell Abu Hawam</h3> </div> A town known today as Tell Abu Hawam was established during the Late Bronze Age (14th century BCE).<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Judaica-5">[5]</a> It was a port and fishing village. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="In_the_Hebrew_Bible">In the Hebrew Bible</h3> </div> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mount_Carmel?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mount Carmel">Mount Carmel</a> and the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kishon_River?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kishon River">Kishon River</a> are mentioned in the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hebrew_Bible?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hebrew Bible">Hebrew Bible</a>.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-kings-22">[22]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-23">[23]</a> A grotto on the top of Mount Carmel is known as the "Cave of Elijah",<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-24">[24]</a> traditionally linked to the Prophet <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Elijah?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Elijah">Elijah</a> and his apprentice, Elisha.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-kings-22">[22]</a> In Arabic, the highest peak of the Carmel range is called the Muhraka, or "place of burning", harking back to the burnt offerings and sacrifices there in Canaanite and early Israelite times.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-25">[25]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Persian_and_Hellenistic_period:_near_Shikmona">Persian and Hellenistic period: near Shikmona</h3> </div> In the 6th century BCE, during the Persian period, Greek geographer <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Scylax_of_Caryanda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Scylax of Caryanda">Scylax</a> wrote of a city "between the bay and the Promontory of Zeus" (i.e., the Carmel), which may be a reference to <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Shikmona?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Shikmona">Shikmona</a>, a locality in the Haifa area.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Judaica-5">[5]</a> By <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hellenistic?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Hellenistic">Hellenistic</a> times, the city had moved to a new site south of what is now the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bat_Galim?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bat Galim">Bat Galim</a> neighborhood of modern Haifa because the old port's harbour had become blocked with sand.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Judaica-5">[5]</a> A <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Greek_language?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Greek language">Greek</a>-speaking population living along the coast at this time was engaged in commerce.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-26">[26]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"> <h4 id="Shikmona">Shikmona</h4> </div> Haifa was located near the town of Shikmona, a center for making the traditional <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tzitzit?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Tekhelet" title="Tzitzit">Tekhelet</a> dye used in the garments of the high priests in the Temple. The <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Archaeological_site?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Archaeological site">archaeological site</a> of Shikmona is southwest of Bat Galim.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-27">[27]</a> Early Haifa is believed to have occupied the area which extends from the present-day <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rambam_Health_Care_Campus?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Rambam Health Care Campus">Rambam Hospital</a> to the Jewish Cemetery on Yafo Street. The inhabitants engaged in fishing and agriculture.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-28">[28]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Roman_period">Roman period</h3> </div> In about the 3rd century CE, Haifa was first mentioned in Talmudic literature, as a Jewish fishing village and the home of Rabbi <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Avdimi_of_Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Avdimi of Haifa">Avdimi</a> and other Jewish scholars. According to the Talmud, fishermen caught <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Murex?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Murex">Murex</a>, sea snails which yielded purple dye used to make <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tallit?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tallit">tallit</a> (Jewish prayer shawls) from Haifa to the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ladder_of_the_Tyrians?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Ladder of the Tyrians">Ladder of the Tyrians</a>. Tombs dating from the Roman era, including <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rock-cut_tombs_in_ancient_Israel?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Rock-cut tombs in ancient Israel">Jewish burial caves</a>, have been found in the area.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Judaica-5">[5]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-JVL-29">[29]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-jsource2-30">[30]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Byzantine_period">Byzantine period</h3> </div> Under Byzantine rule, Haifa continued to grow but did not assume major importance.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-31">[31]</a> A <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kinah?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kinah">kinah</a> speaks of the destruction of the Jewish community of Haifa along with other communities when the Byzantines reconquered the country from the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sasanian_Empire?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sasanian Empire">Sasanian Empire</a> in 628 during the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Byzantine%E2%80%93Sasanian_War_of_602%E2%80%93628?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Byzantine–Sasanian War of 602–628">Byzantine-Sasanian War</a>.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-jsource2-30">[30]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Early_Muslim_period">Early Muslim period</h3> </div> Following the Arab conquest of Palestine in the 630s–40s, Haifa was largely overlooked in favor of the port city of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Acre,_Israel?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Acre, Israel">'Akka</a>.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Bosworth-2">[2]</a> Under the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rashidun_Caliphate?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Rashidun Caliphate">Rashidun Caliphate</a>, Haifa began to develop.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Grabois-32">[32]</a> In the 9th century under the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Umayyad_Caliphate?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Umayyad Caliphate">Umayyad</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Abbasid_Caliphate?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Abbasid Caliphate">Abbasid Caliphates</a>, Haifa established trading relations with Egyptian ports and the city featured several shipyards. The inhabitants, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Arabs?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Arabs">Arabs</a> and Jews, engaged in trade and maritime commerce. Glass production and dye-making from marine snails were the city's most lucrative industries.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Grabois-32">[32]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Crusader,_Ayyubid_and_Mamluk_rule">Crusader, Ayyubid and Mamluk rule</h3> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Haifa_and_Mount_Carmel_(before_1899).jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Haifa_and_Mount_Carmel_%28before_1899%29.jpg/220px-Haifa_and_Mount_Carmel_%28before_1899%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="152" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1010" data-file-height="696"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 152px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Haifa_and_Mount_Carmel_%28before_1899%29.jpg/220px-Haifa_and_Mount_Carmel_%28before_1899%29.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="152" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Haifa_and_Mount_Carmel_%28before_1899%29.jpg/330px-Haifa_and_Mount_Carmel_%28before_1899%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Haifa_and_Mount_Carmel_%28before_1899%29.jpg/440px-Haifa_and_Mount_Carmel_%28before_1899%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> Mount Carmel before 1899 </figcaption> </figure> Prosperity ended in 1100 or 1101, when Haifa was besieged and blockaded by European Christians shortly after the end of the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/First_Crusade?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="First Crusade">First Crusade</a>, and then conquered after a fierce battle with its Jewish inhabitants and Fatimid garrison. Jews comprised the majority of the city's population at the time.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-jsource2-30">[30]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-AlCarmel-33">[33]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-634to1099-34">[34]</a> Under the Crusaders, Haifa was reduced to a small fortified coastal stronghold.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-AlCarmel-33">[33]</a> It was a part of the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Principality_of_Galilee?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Principality of Galilee">Principality of Galilee</a> within the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kingdom_of_Jerusalem?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kingdom of Jerusalem">Kingdom of Jerusalem</a>. Following their victory at the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Battle_of_Hattin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Battle of Hattin">Battle of Hattin</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saladin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Saladin">Saladin</a>'s <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ayyubid_dynasty?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ayyubid dynasty">Ayyubid</a> army captured Haifa in mid-July 1187 and the city's Crusader fortress was destroyed.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Judaica-5">[5]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTELane-Poole1906219-35">[35]</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Second_Crusade?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Second Crusade">The Crusaders</a> under <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Richard_I_of_England?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Richard I of England">Richard the Lionheart</a> retook Haifa in 1191.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTELane-Poole1906309-36">[36]</a> In the 12th century religious hermits started inhabiting the caves on Mount Carmel, and in the 13th century they formed a new Catholic monastic order, the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Carmelites?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Carmelites">Carmelites</a>.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-37">[37]</a> Under Muslim rule, the church which they had built on Mount Carmel was turned into a mosque, later becoming a hospital. In the 19th century, it was restored as a Carmelite monastery, the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Stella_Maris_Monastery?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Stella Maris Monastery">Stella Maris Monastery</a>. The altar of the church as we see it today, stands over a cave associated with Prophet Elijah.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Frommers-38">[38]</a> In 1265, the army of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mamluk_Sultanate_(Cairo)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Mamluk Sultanate (Cairo)">Mamluk</a> sultan <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Baibars?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Baibars">Baibars</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fall_of_Haifa_(1265)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Fall of Haifa (1265)">captured Haifa</a>, destroying its fortifications, which had been rebuilt by King <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Louis_IX_of_France?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Louis IX of France">Louis IX of France</a>, as well as the majority of the city's homes to prevent the European Crusaders from returning.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-byz-39">[39]</a> From the time of its conquest by the Mamluks to the 15th century, Haifa was an unfortified small village or uninhabited. At various times there were a few Jews living there and both Jews and Christians made pilgrimages to the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cave_of_Elijah?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cave of Elijah">Cave of Elijah</a> on Mount Carmel.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-jsource2-30">[30]</a> During Mamluk rule in the 14th century, al-Idrisi wrote that Haifa served as the port for <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tiberias?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tiberias">Tiberias</a> and featured a "fine harbor for the anchorage of galleys and other vessels.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Strange-17">[17]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Ottoman_period">Ottoman period</h3> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Haifa_from_hill_side_1898.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Haifa_from_hill_side_1898.jpg/220px-Haifa_from_hill_side_1898.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="151" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="617" data-file-height="423"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 151px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Haifa_from_hill_side_1898.jpg/220px-Haifa_from_hill_side_1898.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="151" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Haifa_from_hill_side_1898.jpg/330px-Haifa_from_hill_side_1898.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Haifa_from_hill_side_1898.jpg/440px-Haifa_from_hill_side_1898.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> Haifa in 1898 </figcaption> </figure> Haifa was apparently uninhabited at the time the Ottoman Empire conquered Palestine in 1516. The first indication of its resettlement was given in a description by German traveller <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Leonhard_Rauwolf?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Leonhard Rauwolf">Leonhard Rauwolf</a>, who visited Palestine in 1575.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-jsource2-30">[30]</a> In 1596, Haifa appeared in Ottoman tax registers as being in the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nahiya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Nahiya">Nahiya</a> of Sahil Atlit of the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Liwa_(Arabic)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Liwa (Arabic)">Liwa</a> of Lajjun. It had a population of 32 Muslim households and paid taxes on wheat, barley, summer crops, olives, and goats or beehives.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-40">[40]</a> Haifa was subsequently mentioned in the accounts of travelers as a half-ruined impoverished village with few inhabitants. The expansion of commercial trade between Europe and Palestine in the 17th century saw Haifa's revival as a flourishing port as more ships began docking there rather than <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Acre,_Israel?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Acre, Israel">Acre</a>.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-JVL-29">[29]</a> In 1742, Haifa was a small village and had a Jewish community composed mainly of immigrants from <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Morocco?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Morocco">Morocco</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Algeria?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Algeria">Algeria</a> which had a synagogue.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-JVL-29">[29]</a> It had 250 inhabitants in 1764–5. It was located at Tell el-Semak, the site of ancient Sycaminum.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Seikalyp15-20">[20]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Hohlfelderp42-41">[41]</a> In 1765, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Zahir_al-Umar?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Zahir al-Umar">Zahir al-Umar</a>, the Arab ruler of Acre and the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Galilee?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Galilee">Galilee</a>, moved the population to a new fortified site 1.5 mi (2.4 km) to the east and laid waste to the old site.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Seikalyp15-20">[20]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-42">[42]</a> According to historian Moshe Sharon, the new Haifa was established by Zahir in 1769.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-43">[43]</a> This event marked the beginning of modern Haifa.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Seikalyp15-20">[20]</a> After al-Umar's death in 1775, the town remained under Ottoman rule until 1918, with the exception of two brief periods. In 1799, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Napoleon_I_of_France?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Napoleon I of France">Napoleon Bonaparte</a> conquered Haifa during his unsuccessful campaign to conquer Palestine and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Syria?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Syria">Syria</a>, but he soon had to withdraw; in the campaign's <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/French_Campaign_in_Egypt_and_Syria?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Acre" class="mw-redirect" title="French Campaign in Egypt and Syria">final proclamation</a>, Napoleon took credit for having razed the fortifications of "Kaïffa" (as the name was spelled at the time) along with those of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gaza_City?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gaza City">Gaza</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jaffa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Jaffa">Jaffa</a> and Acre. <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:HaifaColony.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/HaifaColony.jpg/220px-HaifaColony.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="179" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="6662" data-file-height="5429"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 179px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/HaifaColony.jpg/220px-HaifaColony.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="179" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/HaifaColony.jpg/330px-HaifaColony.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/HaifaColony.jpg/440px-HaifaColony.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/German_Colony,_Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="German Colony, Haifa">German Colony</a> in the 19th century </figcaption> </figure> Between 1831 and 1840, the Egyptian viceroy <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Muhammad_Ali_of_Egypt?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Muhammad Ali of Egypt">Muhammad Ali</a> governed Haifa, after his son <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ibrahim_Pasha_of_Egypt?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ibrahim Pasha of Egypt">Ibrahim Pasha</a> had wrested control over it from the Ottomans.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-44">[44]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-modern-45">[45]</a> When the Egyptian occupation ended and Acre declined, the importance of Haifa rose. In 1858, the walled city of Haifa was overcrowded and the first houses began to be built outside the city walls on the mountain slope.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-JVL-29">[29]</a> The British Survey of Western Palestine estimated Haifa's population to be about 3,000 in 1859.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-46">[46]</a> Haifa remained majority Muslim throughout this time but a small Jewish community continued to exist there. In 1798, Rabbi <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nachman_of_Breslov?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Nachman of Breslov">Nachman of Breslov</a> spent <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rosh_HaShana?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Rosh HaShana">Rosh HaShana</a> with the Jewish community of Haifa. In 1839 the Jewish population numbered 124.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-47">[47]</a> Due to the growing influence of the Carmelite monks, Haifa's Christian population also grew. By 1840 approximately 40% of the inhabitants were Christian Arabs.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-jsource2-30">[30]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Location_of_Haifa_German_Templar_Colony_in_the_PEF_Survey_of_Palestine.png?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Location_of_Haifa_German_Templar_Colony_in_the_PEF_Survey_of_Palestine.png/220px-Location_of_Haifa_German_Templar_Colony_in_the_PEF_Survey_of_Palestine.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="148" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1764" data-file-height="1188"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 148px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Location_of_Haifa_German_Templar_Colony_in_the_PEF_Survey_of_Palestine.png/220px-Location_of_Haifa_German_Templar_Colony_in_the_PEF_Survey_of_Palestine.png" data-width="220" data-height="148" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Location_of_Haifa_German_Templar_Colony_in_the_PEF_Survey_of_Palestine.png/330px-Location_of_Haifa_German_Templar_Colony_in_the_PEF_Survey_of_Palestine.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Location_of_Haifa_German_Templar_Colony_in_the_PEF_Survey_of_Palestine.png/440px-Location_of_Haifa_German_Templar_Colony_in_the_PEF_Survey_of_Palestine.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> The new <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/German_Colony,_Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="German Colony, Haifa">German Colony, Haifa</a> is shown prominently in the 1880 <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/PEF_Survey_of_Palestine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="PEF Survey of Palestine">PEF Survey of Palestine</a> map. </figcaption> </figure> The arrival of German messianics, many of whom were <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Templers_(religious_believers)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Templers (religious believers)">Templers</a>, in 1868, who settled in what is now known as the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/German_Colony,_Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="German Colony, Haifa">German Colony</a>, was a turning point in Haifa's development.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-modern-45">[45]</a> The Templers built and operated a steam-based <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Power_station?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Power station">power station</a>, opened factories and inaugurated carriage services to Acre, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nazareth?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Nazareth">Nazareth</a> and Tiberias, playing a key role in modernizing the city.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-48">[48]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Haifa_1942.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Haifa_1942.jpg/220px-Haifa_1942.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="4406" data-file-height="2931"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 146px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Haifa_1942.jpg/220px-Haifa_1942.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="146" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Haifa_1942.jpg/330px-Haifa_1942.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Haifa_1942.jpg/440px-Haifa_1942.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> Haifa 1942 1:20,000 </figcaption> </figure> The first major wave of Jewish immigration to Haifa took place in the mid-19th century from Morocco, with a smaller wave of immigration from <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Turkey?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Turkey">Turkey</a> a few years later.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-History-49">[49]</a> In the 1870s, large numbers of Jewish and Arab migrants came to Haifa due to the town's growing prosperity. Jews constituted one-eighth of Haifa's population, almost all of whom were recent immigrants from Morocco and Turkey who lived in the Jewish Quarter, which was located in the eastern part of the town. Continued Jewish immigration gradually raised the Jewish population of Haifa, and included a small number of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ashkenazi_Jews?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ashkenazi Jews">Ashkenazi</a> families, most of whom opened hotels for Jewish migrants coming into the city. In 1875, the Jewish community of Haifa held its own census which counted the Jewish population at about 200.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-50">[50]</a> The <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/First_Aliyah?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="First Aliyah">First Aliyah</a> of the late 19th century and the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Second_Aliyah?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Second Aliyah">Second Aliyah</a> of the early 20th century saw Jewish immigrants, mainly from Eastern Europe, arrive in Haifa in significant numbers. In particular, a significant number of Jewish immigrants from <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Romania?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Romania">Romania</a> settled in Haifa in the 1880s during the First Aliyah period. The Central Jewish Colonisation Society in Romania purchased over 1,000 acres (4.0 km2) near Haifa. As the Jewish settlers had been city dwellers, they hired the former <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fellah?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Fellah">fellahin</a> tenants to instruct them in agriculture.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-51">[51]</a> The Jewish population rose from 1,500 in 1900 to 3,000 on the eve of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/World_War_I?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="World War I">World War I</a>.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-52">[52]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:PikiWiki_Israel_4802_Haifa_1930.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/PikiWiki_Israel_4802_Haifa_1930.jpg/220px-PikiWiki_Israel_4802_Haifa_1930.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="138" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1032" data-file-height="645"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 138px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/PikiWiki_Israel_4802_Haifa_1930.jpg/220px-PikiWiki_Israel_4802_Haifa_1930.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="138" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/PikiWiki_Israel_4802_Haifa_1930.jpg/330px-PikiWiki_Israel_4802_Haifa_1930.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/PikiWiki_Israel_4802_Haifa_1930.jpg/440px-PikiWiki_Israel_4802_Haifa_1930.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> View of Haifa from Mount Carmel in 1930 </figcaption> </figure> In the early 20th century, Haifa began to emerge as an industrial port city and growing population center. A branch of the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hejaz_Railway?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Hejaz Railway">Hejaz Railway</a>, known as the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jezreel_Valley_railway?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Jezreel Valley railway">Jezreel Valley railway</a>, was built between 1903 and 1905. The railway increased the city's volume of trade, and attracted workers and foreign merchants.[<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] In 1912, construction began on the Technion Institute of Technology, a Jewish technical school that was to later become one of Israel's top universities, although studies did not begin until 1924.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-53">[53]</a> The Jews of Haifa also founded numerous factories and cultural institutions. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"> <h4 id="Baháʼí_faith's_shrine">Baháʼí faith's shrine</h4> </div> In 1909, Haifa became important to the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_Faith?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Baháʼí Faith">Baháʼí Faith</a> when the remains of the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/B%C3%A1b?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Báb">Báb</a>, founder of the Bábí Faith and forerunner of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%CA%BCu%27ll%C3%A1h?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Baháʼu'lláh">Baháʼu'lláh</a> in the Baháʼí Faith, were moved from Acre to Haifa and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Shrine_of_the_B%C3%A1b?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Shrine of the Báb">interred in the shrine</a> built on Mount Carmel. Baháʼís consider the shrine to be their second holiest place on Earth after the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Shrine_of_Bah%C3%A1%CA%BCu%27ll%C3%A1h?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Shrine of Baháʼu'lláh">Shrine of Baháʼu'lláh</a> in Acre. Its precise location on Mount Carmel was shown by Baháʼu'lláh himself to his eldest son, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%CA%BBAbdu%27l-Bah%C3%A1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ʻAbdu'l-Bahá">ʻAbdu'l-Bahá</a>, in 1891. ʻAbdu'l-Bahá planned the structure, which was designed and completed several years later by his grandson, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Shoghi_Effendi?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Shoghi Effendi">Shoghi Effendi</a>. In a separate room, the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Shrine_of_%CA%BBAbdu%27l-Bah%C3%A1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Shrine of ʻAbdu'l-Bahá">remains of ʻAbdu'l-Bahá</a> were buried in November 1921.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-54">[54]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="British_Mandate">British Mandate</h3> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"> Further information: <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Battle_of_Haifa_(1918)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Battle of Haifa (1918)">Battle of Haifa (1918)</a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Indian_lancers_in_Haifa_1918.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Indian_lancers_in_Haifa_1918.jpg/220px-Indian_lancers_in_Haifa_1918.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="168" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="611"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 168px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Indian_lancers_in_Haifa_1918.jpg/220px-Indian_lancers_in_Haifa_1918.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="168" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Indian_lancers_in_Haifa_1918.jpg/330px-Indian_lancers_in_Haifa_1918.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Indian_lancers_in_Haifa_1918.jpg/440px-Indian_lancers_in_Haifa_1918.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> Indian troops marching in Haifa in 1918 </figcaption> </figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Kings_Way_in_Haifa_2.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Kings_Way_in_Haifa_2.jpg/220px-Kings_Way_in_Haifa_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="160" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="925" data-file-height="672"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 160px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Kings_Way_in_Haifa_2.jpg/220px-Kings_Way_in_Haifa_2.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="160" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Kings_Way_in_Haifa_2.jpg/330px-Kings_Way_in_Haifa_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Kings_Way_in_Haifa_2.jpg/440px-Kings_Way_in_Haifa_2.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> Kingsway (now HaAtzmaut Road) in the 1930s </figcaption> </figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:%D7%97%D7%99%D7%A4%D7%94_-_%D7%9E%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%94_%D7%97%D7%9C%D7%A7%D7%99-JNF013403.jpeg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/%D7%97%D7%99%D7%A4%D7%94_-_%D7%9E%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%94_%D7%97%D7%9C%D7%A7%D7%99-JNF013403.jpeg/220px-%D7%97%D7%99%D7%A4%D7%94_-_%D7%9E%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%94_%D7%97%D7%9C%D7%A7%D7%99-JNF013403.jpeg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="567" data-file-height="567"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 220px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/%D7%97%D7%99%D7%A4%D7%94_-_%D7%9E%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%94_%D7%97%D7%9C%D7%A7%D7%99-JNF013403.jpeg/220px-%D7%97%D7%99%D7%A4%D7%94_-_%D7%9E%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%94_%D7%97%D7%9C%D7%A7%D7%99-JNF013403.jpeg" data-width="220" data-height="220" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/%D7%97%D7%99%D7%A4%D7%94_-_%D7%9E%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%94_%D7%97%D7%9C%D7%A7%D7%99-JNF013403.jpeg/330px-%D7%97%D7%99%D7%A4%D7%94_-_%D7%9E%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%94_%D7%97%D7%9C%D7%A7%D7%99-JNF013403.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/%D7%97%D7%99%D7%A4%D7%94_-_%D7%9E%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%94_%D7%97%D7%9C%D7%A7%D7%99-JNF013403.jpeg/440px-%D7%97%D7%99%D7%A4%D7%94_-_%D7%9E%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%94_%D7%97%D7%9C%D7%A7%D7%99-JNF013403.jpeg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> Haifa 1945 </figcaption> </figure> Haifa was captured from the Ottomans in September 1918 by Indian horsemen of the British Army armed with spears and swords who overran Ottoman positions.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-India-55">[55]</a> On 22 September, British troops were heading to Nazareth when a reconnaissance report was received indicating that the Turks were leaving Haifa. The British made preparations to enter the city and came under fire in the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Balad_al-Sheikh?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Balad al-Sheikh">Balad al-Sheikh</a> district (today <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nesher?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Nesher">Nesher</a>). After the British regrouped, an elite unit of Indian horsemen were sent to attack the Turkish positions on the flanks and overrun their artillery guns on Mount Carmel.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-India-55">[55]</a> Under the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mandate_for_Palestine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mandate for Palestine">British Mandate</a>, Haifa saw large-scale development and became an industrial port city.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-modern-45">[45]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-56">[56]</a> The <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_Faith?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Baháʼí Faith">Baháʼí Faith</a> in 1918 and today has its administrative and spiritual centre in the environs of Haifa.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-57">[57]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-58">[58]</a> Many Jewish immigrants of the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fourth_Aliyah?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Fourth Aliyah">Fourth Aliyah</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fifth_Aliyah?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Fifth Aliyah">Fifth Aliyah</a> settled in Haifa. The port was a major source of income, and the nearby Jewish towns of the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Krayot?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Krayot">Krayot</a> were established in the 1930s. At the same time, the Arab population also swelled by an influx of migrants, coming mainly from surrounding villages as well as the Syrian <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hauran?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hauran">Hauran</a>.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Schulze98-59">[59]</a> The Arab immigration mainly came as a result of prices and salary drop.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Schulze98-59">[59]</a> The <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1922_census_of_Palestine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1922 census of Palestine">1922 census of Palestine</a>, conducted by the British authorities, recorded Haifa's population as 24,634 (9,377 Muslims, 8,863 Christians, 6,230 Jews, 152 <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_Faith?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Baháʼí Faith">Baha'i</a>, and 12 <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Druze?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Druze">Druze</a>).<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-60">[60]</a> By the time of the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1931_census_of_Palestine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1931 census of Palestine">1931 census of Palestine</a>, this had increased to 50,403 (20,324 Muslims, 15,923 Jews, 13,824 Christians, 196 Baha'i, 126 Druze, and 10 with no religion).<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-61">[61]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Census1922-62">[62]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-63">[63]</a> Between the censuses of 1922 and 1931, the Muslim, Jewish, and Christian populations rose by 217%, 256%, and 156%, respectively.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-64">[64]</a> In 1938, 99,000 people (including 48,000 Jews) lived in Haifa.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTESeikaly200251-65">[65]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-66">[66]</a> Haifa's development owed much to British plans to make it a central port and hub for Middle-East crude oil. The British Government of Palestine developed the port and built <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Consolidated_Refineries?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Consolidated Refineries">refineries</a>, thereby facilitating the rapid development of the city as a center for the country's heavy industries. Haifa was also among the first towns to be fully electrified. The Palestine Electric Company inaugurated the Haifa Electrical Power Station already in 1925, opening the door to considerable industrialization.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-67">[67]</a> The State-run <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Palestine_Railways?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Palestine Railways">Palestine Railways</a> also built its main workshops in Haifa. By 1945 the population was 138,300 (75,500 Jews, 35,940 Muslims, 26,570 Christians, and 290 "other").<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-68">[68]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-69">[69]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-70">[70]</a> In 1947, about 70,910 Arabs (41,000 Muslims and 29,910 Christians) and 74,230 Jews were living there.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-71">[71]</a> The Christian community were mostly <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Melkite_Greek_Catholic_Church?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Melkite Greek Catholic Church">Greek-Melkite Catholics</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="1947–1948_Civil_War_in_Palestine">1947–1948 Civil War in Palestine</h3> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:PikiWiki_Israel_20690_The_Palmach.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/PikiWiki_Israel_20690_The_Palmach.jpg/170px-PikiWiki_Israel_20690_The_Palmach.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="252" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="692" data-file-height="1024"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 170px;height: 252px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/PikiWiki_Israel_20690_The_Palmach.jpg/170px-PikiWiki_Israel_20690_The_Palmach.jpg" data-width="170" data-height="252" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/PikiWiki_Israel_20690_The_Palmach.jpg/255px-PikiWiki_Israel_20690_The_Palmach.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/PikiWiki_Israel_20690_The_Palmach.jpg/340px-PikiWiki_Israel_20690_The_Palmach.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> Haifa July 1947. British soldiers remove injured passenger from <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/SS_Exodus?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="SS Exodus">SS Exodus</a> </figcaption> </figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"> Further information: <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Battle_of_Haifa_(1948)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Battle of Haifa (1948)">Battle of Haifa (1948)</a> </div> The <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/United_Nations_Partition_Plan_for_Palestine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="United Nations Partition Plan for Palestine">1947 UN Partition Plan</a> in late November 1947 designated Haifa as part of the proposed <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jewish_state?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Jewish state">Jewish state</a>. Arab protests over that decision evolved into violence between Jews and Arabs that left several dozen people dead during December.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-72">[72]</a> The Arab city was in a state of chaos. The local Arab national committee tried to stabilize the situation by organizing garrison, calming the frightened residents and to stop the flight. In a public statement, the national committee called upon the Arab residents to obey orders, be alert, keep calm, and added: "Keep away the cowards who wish to flee. Expell them from your lines. Despise them, because they harm more than the enemy". Despite the efforts, Arab residents abandoned the streets which bordered Jewish neighborhoods and during the days of the general strike instigated by the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Arab_Higher_Committee?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Arab Higher Committee">Arab Higher Committee</a>, some 250 Arab families abandoned the Khalisa neighborhood.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-73">[73]</a> On 30 December 1947, members of the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Irgun?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Irgun">Irgun</a>, a Jewish underground militia, threw bombs into a crowd of Arabs outside the gates of the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Consolidated_Refineries?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Consolidated Refineries">Consolidated Refineries</a> in Haifa, killing six and injuring 42. In response, Arab employees of the company killed 39 Jewish employees in what became known as the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa_Oil_Refinery_massacre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Haifa Oil Refinery massacre">Haifa Oil Refinery massacre</a>.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-74">[74]</a> The Jewish <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haganah?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Haganah">Haganah</a> militia retaliated with a raid on the Arab village of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Balad_al-Shaykh?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Balad al-Shaykh">Balad al-Shaykh</a>, where many of the Arab refinery workers lived, in what became known as the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Balad_al-Shaykh_massacre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Balad al-Shaykh massacre">Balad al-Shaykh massacre</a>.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-75">[75]</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/British_Armed_Forces?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="British Armed Forces">British forces</a> in Haifa redeployed on 21 April 1948, withdrawing from most of the city while still maintaining control over the port facilities. According to Ilan Pappé, although the Jewish mayor of the city, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Shabtai_Levy?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Shabtai Levy">Shabtai Levy</a>, urged the Arab residents to stay, in other parts of town loudspeakers could be heard ordering Arabs to leave "before it's too late."<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-76">[76]</a> On 21 April, the downtown, controlled by a combination of local and foreign (ALA) Arab irregulars, was assaulted by <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Yishuv?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Yishuv">Jewish</a> forces in <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Battle_of_Haifa_(1948)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Battle of Haifa (1948)">Operation Bi'ur Hametz</a> by the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Barak_Armored_Brigade?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Barak Armored Brigade">Carmeli Brigade</a> of the Haganah, commanded by <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Moshe_Carmel?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Moshe Carmel">Moshe Carmel</a>. Arab neighborhoods were attacked with mortars and gunfire,<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-77">[77]</a> which, according to <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ilan_Papp%C3%A9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ilan Pappé">Ilan Pappé</a>, culminated in an attack on a Palestinian crowd in the old marketplace using three-inch (76 mm) mortars on 22 April 1948.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-78">[78]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-79">[79]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-80">[80]</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rashid_al-Haj_Ibrahim?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Rashid al-Haj Ibrahim">Rashid al-Haj Ibrahim</a>, a Palestinian Arab municipal leader, described attacks "provoking terror among the women and children, who were very influenced by <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Deir_Yassin_massacre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Deir Yassin massacre">the horrors of Dayr Yasin</a>", and provided an eyewitness account of the flight of Haifa's Arab residents:<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-81">[81]</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style> <blockquote class="templatequote"> Thousands of women, children and men hurried to the port district in a state of chaos and terror without precedent in the history of the Arab nation. They fled their houses to the coast, barefoot and naked, to wait for their turn to travel to Lebanon. They left their homeland, their houses, their possessions, their money, their welfare, and their trades, to surrender their dignity and their souls. </blockquote> The operation led to a massive displacement of Haifa's Arab population, and was part of the larger <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1948_Palestinian_expulsion_and_flight?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1948 Palestinian expulsion and flight">1948 Palestinian expulsion and flight</a>. According to The Economist at the time, only 5,000–6,000 of the city's 62,000 Arabs remained there by 2 October 1948.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Refugee-82">[82]</a> Morris quotes British sources as stating that during the battles between 22 and 23 April 100 Arabs were killed and 100 wounded, but he adds that the total may have been higher.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-83">[83]</a> Historian <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Walid_Khalidi?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Walid Khalidi">Walid Khalidi</a> described "the mass exodus of Haifa’s Arab population" as "the spontaneous reaction to the ruthless combination of terror and psychological warfare tactics adopted by the Haganah during the attack."<a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.palestine-studies.org/sites/default/files/attachments/jps-articles/haifa.pdf">[1]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="State_of_Israel">State of Israel</h3> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Haifa_Bay.JPG?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Haifa_Bay.JPG/220px-Haifa_Bay.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 165px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Haifa_Bay.JPG/220px-Haifa_Bay.JPG" data-width="220" data-height="165" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Haifa_Bay.JPG/330px-Haifa_Bay.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Haifa_Bay.JPG/440px-Haifa_Bay.JPG 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> View of Haifa Bay from Mount Carmel in 2004 </figcaption> </figure> After the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Declaration_of_the_Establishment_of_the_State_of_Israel?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Declaration of the Establishment of the State of Israel">Declaration of the Establishment of the State of Israel</a> on 14 May 1948 Haifa became the gateway for Jewish immigration into Israel. During the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1948_Arab%E2%80%93Israeli_War?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War">1948 Arab–Israeli War</a>, the neighborhoods of Haifa were sometimes contested. After the war, Jewish immigrants were settled in new neighborhoods, among them <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kiryat_Haim?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kiryat Haim">Kiryat Hayim</a>, Ramot Remez, Ramat Shaul, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kiryat_Sprinzak?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kiryat Sprinzak">Kiryat Sprinzak</a>, and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kiryat_Eliezer,_Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kiryat Eliezer, Haifa">Kiryat Eliezer</a>. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bnai_Zion_Medical_Center?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bnai Zion Medical Center">Bnei Zion Hospital</a> (formerly <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rothschild_family?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Rothschild family">Rothschild</a> Hospital) and the Central Synagogue in <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hadar_HaCarmel?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hadar HaCarmel">Hadar HaCarmel</a> date from this period. In 1953, a master plan was created for transportation and the future architectural layout.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-autogenerated4-84">[84]</a> In 1959, a group of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sephardi?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Sephardi">Sephardi</a> and Mizrahi Jews, mostly <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Moroccan_Jews?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Moroccan Jews">Moroccan Jews</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wadi_Salib_riots?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wadi Salib riots">rioted</a> in <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wadi_Salib?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wadi Salib">Wadi Salib</a>, claiming the state was discriminating against them.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-85">[85]</a> Their demand for "bread and work" was directed at the state institutions and what they viewed as an Ashkenazi elite in the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Israeli_Labor_Party?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Israeli Labor Party">Labor Party</a> and the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Histadrut?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Histadrut">Histadrut</a>.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Johal-86">[86]</a> Tel Aviv gained in status, while Haifa suffered a decline in the role as regional capital. The opening of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ashdod?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ashdod">Ashdod</a> as a port exacerbated this. Tourism shrank when the Israeli Ministry of Tourism placed emphasis on developing Tiberias as a tourist centre.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-87">[87]</a> Nevertheless, Haifa's population had reached 200,000 by the early 1970s, and mass immigration from the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Post-Soviet_states?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Post-Soviet states">former Soviet Union</a> boosted the population by a further 35,000.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-modern-45">[45]</a> The Matam high-tech park, the first dedicated high-tech park in Israel, opened in Haifa in the 1970s. Many of Wadi Salib's historic Ottoman buildings have now been demolished, and in the 1990s a major section of the Old City was razed to make way for a new municipal center.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-modern-45">[45]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Johal-86">[86]</a> From 1999 to 2003, several <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/List_of_Palestinian_suicide_attacks?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="List of Palestinian suicide attacks">Palestinian suicide attacks</a> took place in Haifa (in <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Maxim_restaurant_suicide_bombing?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Maxim restaurant suicide bombing">Maxim</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Matza_restaurant_suicide_bombing?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Matza restaurant suicide bombing">Matza</a> restaurants, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa_bus_37_suicide_bombing?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Haifa bus 37 suicide bombing">bus 37</a>, and others), killing 68 civilians. In 2006, Haifa was hit by 93 <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hezbollah_armed_strength?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hezbollah armed strength">Hezbollah rockets</a> during the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/2006_Lebanon_War?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="2006 Lebanon War">Second Lebanon War</a>, killing 11 civilians and leading to half of the city's population fleeing at the end of the first week of the war.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-88">[88]</a> Among the places hit by rockets were a train depot and the oil refinery complex.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-89">[89]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-90">[90]</a> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"> <h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2> </div> <section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236656977">.mw-parser-output .abbr-header{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .caption-purple{border:1px #a2a9b1 solid;border-bottom:none;background-color:lavender}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .caption-purple{background:inherit!important}}.mw-parser-output .table-pale{border:1px #a2a9b1 solid;border-top:none;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);padding:5px}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .table-pale{border-top:1px #a2a9b1 solid!important}.mw-parser-output .caption-purple{border:none}}</style> <table class="table-pale" style="width:15em;border-top-width:0;border-spacing: 0;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 0.5em;"> <caption class="caption-purple" style="padding:0.25em;font-weight:bold"> City of Haifa population by year<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-demographics-91">[91]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-92">[92]</a> </caption> <tbody> <tr style="font-size:95%"> <th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;width:3em">Year</th> <th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px 2px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Population" class="abbr-header">Pop.</abbr></th> <th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Percent change" class="abbr-header">±%</abbr></th> </tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1800</th> <td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">1,000</td> <td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">—    </td> </tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1840</th> <td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">2,000</td> <td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+100.0%</td> </tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1880</th> <td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">6,000</td> <td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+200.0%</td> </tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1914</th> <td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">20,000</td> <td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+233.3%</td> </tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">1922</th> <td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">24,600</td> <td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+23.0%</td> </tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1947</th> <td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">145,140</td> <td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+490.0%</td> </tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1961</th> <td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">183,021</td> <td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+26.1%</td> </tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1972</th> <td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">219,559</td> <td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+20.0%</td> </tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1983</th> <td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">225,775</td> <td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+2.8%</td> </tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">1995</th> <td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">255,914</td> <td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+13.3%</td> </tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2008</th> <td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">264,407</td> <td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+3.3%</td> </tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2016</th> <td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">279,600</td> <td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+5.7%</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Downtown_Haifa_including_the_port_and_the_sail_tower.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Downtown_Haifa_including_the_port_and_the_sail_tower.jpg/220px-Downtown_Haifa_including_the_port_and_the_sail_tower.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="159" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2126" data-file-height="1535"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 159px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Downtown_Haifa_including_the_port_and_the_sail_tower.jpg/220px-Downtown_Haifa_including_the_port_and_the_sail_tower.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="159" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Downtown_Haifa_including_the_port_and_the_sail_tower.jpg/330px-Downtown_Haifa_including_the_port_and_the_sail_tower.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Downtown_Haifa_including_the_port_and_the_sail_tower.jpg/440px-Downtown_Haifa_including_the_port_and_the_sail_tower.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> Downtown Haifa and port with the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sail_Tower?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sail Tower">Sail Tower</a> in the foreground </figcaption> </figure> Haifa is Israel's third-largest city, consisting of 103,000 households,<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-pop-93">[93]</a> or a population of 290,306. Immigrants from the former <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Soviet_Union?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a> constitute 25% of Haifa's population,<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Stats2003-94">[94]</a> thus making Russian one of the three main spoken languages of the city. According to the Israeli Central Bureau of Statistics, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Arab_citizens_of_Israel?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Arab citizens of Israel">Israeli Arabs</a> constitute 10% of Haifa's population, the majority living in the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wadi_Nisnas?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wadi Nisnas">Wadi Nisnas</a>, Abbas and Khalisa neighborhoods.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Stats2003-94">[94]</a> The <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wadi_Nisnas?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wadi Nisnas">Wadi Nisnas</a> and Abbas neighborhoods are largely <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christianity_in_Israel?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Christianity in Israel">Christian</a>,<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-auto1-95">[95]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Daniel_Lefkowitz-96">[96]</a> Khalisa and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kababir?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kababir">Kababir</a> are largely <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Islam_in_Israel?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Islam in Israel">Muslim</a>,<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Daniel_Lefkowitz-96">[96]</a> while <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ein_HaYam_(Wadi_al-Jimal)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ein HaYam (Wadi al-Jimal)">Ein HaYam</a> is a mixed <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Arab_Christian?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Arab Christian">Arab Christian</a> and Muslim neighborhood.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Daniel_Lefkowitz-96">[96]</a> Haifa is commonly portrayed as a model of co-existence between Arabs and Jews, although tensions and hostility do still exist.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-97">[97]</a> Between 1994 and 2009, the city had a declining and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Population_ageing?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Population ageing">aging population</a> compared to Tel Aviv and Jerusalem, as young people moved to the center of the country for education and jobs, while young families migrated to <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bedroom_community?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Bedroom community">bedroom communities</a> in the suburbs. However, as a result of new projects and improving infrastructure, the city managed to reverse its population decline, reducing emigration while attracting more internal migration into the city. In 2009, positive net immigration into the city was shown for the first time in 15 years.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Monocle-98">[98]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-demo-99">[99]</a> A development plan approved in 2016 seeks to raise Haifa's population to 330,000 residents by 2025.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-globes-100">[100]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Religious_and_ethnic_communities">Religious and ethnic communities</h3> </div> The population is heterogeneous. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Israeli_Jews?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Israeli Jews">Israeli Jews</a> comprise some 82% of the population, almost 14% are <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christians_in_Israel?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Christians in Israel">Christians</a> (the majority of whom are <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Arab_Christians?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Arab Christians">Arab Christians</a>)<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-demo-99">[99]</a> and, some 4% are <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Islam_in_Israel?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Islam in Israel">Muslims</a>. Haifa also includes <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Druze?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Druze">Druze</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_Faith?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Baháʼí Faith">Baháʼí Faith</a> communities. In 2006, 27% of the Arab population was aged 14 and under, compared to 17% of the Jewish and other population groups. The trend continues in the age 15–29 group, in which 27% of the Arab population is found, and the age 30–44 group (23%). The population of Jews and others in these age groups are 22% and 18% respectively. Nineteen percent of the city's Jewish and other population is between 45 and 59, compared to 14% of the Arab population. This continues with 14% of Jews and others aged 60–74 and 10% over age 75, in comparison to 7% and just 2% respectively in the Arab population.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-demographics-91">[91]</a> Arabs in Haifa tend to be wealthier and better educated compare to other Arabs elsewhere in Israel.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-NYT01416-101">[101]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:St._Elias_Cathedral,_front_view_(Haifa,_2012).jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/St._Elias_Cathedral%2C_front_view_%28Haifa%2C_2012%29.jpg/220px-St._Elias_Cathedral%2C_front_view_%28Haifa%2C_2012%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="188" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3692" data-file-height="3158"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 188px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/St._Elias_Cathedral%2C_front_view_%28Haifa%2C_2012%29.jpg/220px-St._Elias_Cathedral%2C_front_view_%28Haifa%2C_2012%29.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="188" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/St._Elias_Cathedral%2C_front_view_%28Haifa%2C_2012%29.jpg/330px-St._Elias_Cathedral%2C_front_view_%28Haifa%2C_2012%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/St._Elias_Cathedral%2C_front_view_%28Haifa%2C_2012%29.jpg/440px-St._Elias_Cathedral%2C_front_view_%28Haifa%2C_2012%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/St._Elijah_Cathedral,_Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="St. Elijah Cathedral, Haifa">St. Elijah Cathedral, Haifa</a>; episcopal see of the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Melkite_Greek_Catholic_Archeparchy_of_Akka?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Melkite Greek Catholic Archeparchy of Akka">Archeparchy of Akka</a>. </figcaption> </figure> Haifa is home to the second-largest Arab Christian community in Israel,<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Christian2020-102">[102]</a> many of them lives in the Arabic-speaking neighborhoods in the lowlands near the sea; neighborhoods such as <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/German_Colony,_Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="German Colony, Haifa">German Colony</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wadi_Nisnas?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wadi Nisnas">Wadi Nisnas</a> and Abbas, are largely <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christianity_in_Israel?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Christianity in Israel">Arab Christian</a>.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-auto1-95">[95]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Daniel_Lefkowitz-96">[96]</a> There are also a significant number of wealthy Christian Arabs in the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hadar_HaCarmel?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hadar HaCarmel">Hadar West</a> and Central.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Daniel_Lefkowitz-96">[96]</a> The Christian communities of Haifa are varied and included various denominations, the most prominent among them the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Melkite_Greek_Catholic_Church?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Melkite Greek Catholic Church">Melkite Greek Catholic</a>, followed by <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Greek_Orthodox_Church_of_Jerusalem?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Greek Orthodox Church of Jerusalem">Greek Orthodox</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Latin_Patriarchate_of_Jerusalem?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Latin Patriarchate of Jerusalem">Latin Catholics</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Maronites?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Maronites">Maronites</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Armenian_Orthodox?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Armenian Orthodox">Armenian Orthodox</a>, and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Protestants?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Protestants">Protestants</a>.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-103">[103]</a> The Christian Arab communities in Haifa tend to be wealthier and better educated compare to other Arabs elsewhere in Israel.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-104">[104]</a> The <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Melkite_Greek_Catholic_Archeparchy_of_Akka?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Melkite Greek Catholic Archeparchy of Akka">Melkite Greek Catholic Archeparchy of Akka</a> is based in Haifa, and its cathedral episcopal see is <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/St._Elijah_Cathedral,_Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="St. Elijah Cathedral, Haifa">St. Elijah Greek-Melkite Cathedral</a>.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-105">[105]</a> Following <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Israeli_occupation_of_Southern_Lebanon?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#2000_Israeli_withdrawal" title="Israeli occupation of Southern Lebanon">Israel's withdrawal from Lebanon</a> in 2000, some former <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/South_Lebanon_Army?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="South Lebanon Army">South Lebanon Army</a> soldiers and officers who fled from Lebanon settled in Haifa with <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lebanese_people_in_Israel?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lebanese people in Israel">their families</a>.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Shachmon_2019-106">[106]</a> In 2006, 2.9% of the Jews in the city were <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haredi_Judaism?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Haredi Judaism">Haredi</a>, compared to 7.5% on a national scale.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-demographics-91">[91]</a> However, the Haredi community in Haifa is growing fast due to a high fertility rate.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-107">[107]</a> 66.6% were secular, compared to a national average of 43.7%.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-demographics-91">[91]</a> There is also a Scandinavian Seamen Protestant church, established by Norwegian Righteous Among the Nations pastor Per Faye-Hansen.[<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] Haifa is the center of liberal <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Arab_culture?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Arab culture">Arabic-speaking culture</a>, as it was under British colonial rule. The Arabic-speaking neighborhoods, which are mixed Muslim and Christian, are in the lowlands near the sea, while Jewish neighborhoods are at a higher elevation. An active Arab cultural life has developed in the 21st century.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-NYT01416-101">[101]</a> The city is the center of many Arab-owned businesses such as theaters, bars, cafes, restaurants and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nightclub?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Nightclub">nightclubs</a> which also host different cultural discussions and art exhibitions.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-NYT01416-101">[101]</a> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(5)"> <h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2> </div> <section class="mf-section-5 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-5"> Haifa is situated on the Israeli Mediterranean Coastal Plain, the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Via_Maris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Via Maris">historic land bridge</a> between Europe, Africa, and Asia, and the mouth of the Kishon River.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-108">[108]</a> Located on the northern slopes of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mount_Carmel?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mount Carmel">Mount Carmel</a> and around Haifa Bay, the city is split over three tiers.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-tiers-109">[109]</a> The lowest is the center of commerce and industry including the Port of Haifa.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-tiers-109">[109]</a> The middle level is on the slopes of Mount Carmel and consists of older residential neighborhoods, while the upper level consists of modern neighborhoods looking over the lower tiers.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-tiers-109">[109]</a> From here views can be had across the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Western_Galilee?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Western Galilee">Western Galilee</a> region of Israel towards <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rosh_HaNikra,_Israel?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Rosh HaNikra, Israel">Rosh HaNikra</a> and the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Blue_Line_(Lebanon)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Blue Line (Lebanon)">Lebanese border</a>.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-tiers-109">[109]</a> Haifa is about 90 km (55.9 mi) north of the city of Tel Aviv, and has a large number of beaches on the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mediterranean_Sea?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mediterranean Sea">Mediterranean</a>.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-110">[110]</a> <div class="thumb tnone" style="margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;overflow:hidden;width:auto;max-width:808px"> <div class="thumbinner"> <div class="noresize" style="overflow:auto"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Haifa_BW_4.JPG?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="Panorama of Haifa from Mount Carmel"> <noscript> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Haifa_BW_4.JPG/800px-Haifa_BW_4.JPG" decoding="async" width="800" height="257" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="7477" data-file-height="2405"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 800px;height: 257px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Haifa_BW_4.JPG/800px-Haifa_BW_4.JPG" data-alt="" data-width="800" data-height="257" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Haifa_BW_4.JPG/1200px-Haifa_BW_4.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Haifa_BW_4.JPG/1600px-Haifa_BW_4.JPG 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> </div> <div class="thumbcaption" style="text-align:center"> <div class="magnify"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Haifa_BW_4.JPG?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="File:Haifa BW 4.JPG"> </a> </div>Panorama of Haifa from Mount Carmel </div> </div> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Flora_and_fauna">Flora and fauna</h3> </div> The Carmel Mountain has three main <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wadi?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wadi">wadis</a>: Lotem, Amik and Si'ach. For the most part these valleys are undeveloped natural corridors that run up through the city from the coast to the top of the mountain. Marked hiking paths traverse these areas and they provide habitat for wildlife such as wild boar, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Golden_jackal?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Golden jackal">golden jackal</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hyrax?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hyrax">hyrax</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Egyptian_mongoose?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Egyptian mongoose">Egyptian mongoose</a>, owls and chameleons.[<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] Haifa is inundated with <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wild_boar?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wild boar">boars</a>. The boars began to descend from the valleys around the city from before 2019, and began to roam in the city's streets. In 2019, mayor Einat Kalisch-Rotem decided to stop shooting the boars.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Where_Boars_Hog_the_Streets-111">[111]</a> Boar sighting figures have struggled to go down since the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Israel_Nature_and_Parks_Authority?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Israel Nature and Parks Authority">Israel Nature and Parks Authority</a> began fencing off forested areas, because residents often feed the boars.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Kingsley-112">[112]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Climate">Climate</h3> </div> Haifa has a <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hot-summer_Mediterranean_climate?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Hot-summer Mediterranean climate">hot-summer Mediterranean climate</a> with hot, dry summers and mild, rainy winters (<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classification?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Köppen climate classification">Köppen climate classification</a> Csa).<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-113">[113]</a> Spring arrives in March when temperatures begin to increase. By late May, the temperature has warmed up considerably to herald warm summer days. The average temperature in summer is 26 °C (79 °F) and in winter, 12 °C (54 °F). Frost is rare in Haifa, but temperatures around 3 °C (37 °F) can sometimes occur, usually in the early morning. Snow is very rare, which <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Snow_in_Israel?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#History" title="Snow in Israel">last fell in 1950</a>. Humidity tends to be high all year round, and rain usually occurs between September and May. Annual precipitation is approximately 629 mm (25 in). <div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="width:auto; text-align:center; line-height:1.2em;"> <tbody> <tr> <th colspan="14">Climate data for <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa_Airport?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Haifa Airport">Haifa Airport</a> (5 m / 16 ft) (Temperature: 1995–2010, Extremes 1898–2011, Precipitation: 1980–2010)</th> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Month</th> <th scope="col">Jan</th> <th scope="col">Feb</th> <th scope="col">Mar</th> <th scope="col">Apr</th> <th scope="col">May</th> <th scope="col">Jun</th> <th scope="col">Jul</th> <th scope="col">Aug</th> <th scope="col">Sep</th> <th scope="col">Oct</th> <th scope="col">Nov</th> <th scope="col">Dec</th> <th scope="col" style="border-left-width:medium">Year</th> </tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record high °C (°F)</th> <td style="background: #FF6300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.0 (80.6)</td> <td style="background: #FF4C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30.4 (86.7)</td> <td style="background: #FF1800; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">38.0 (100.4)</td> <td style="background: #F10000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">42.5 (108.5)</td> <td style="background: #D40000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">44.6 (112.3)</td> <td style="background: #E30000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">43.5 (110.3)</td> <td style="background: #FF1900; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">37.8 (100.0)</td> <td style="background: #FF1900; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">37.8 (100.0)</td> <td style="background: #FA0000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">41.8 (107.2)</td> <td style="background: #FF0000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">41.4 (106.5)</td> <td style="background: #FF2500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">36.0 (96.8)</td> <td style="background: #FF4400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31.5 (88.7)</td> <td style="background: #D40000; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">44.6 (112.3)</td> </tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean maximum °C (°F)</th> <td style="background: #FF8205; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.6 (72.7)</td> <td style="background: #FF7100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.0 (77.0)</td> <td style="background: #FF4F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">29.9 (85.8)</td> <td style="background: #FF2900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">35.5 (95.9)</td> <td style="background: #FF2400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">36.2 (97.2)</td> <td style="background: #FF2F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">34.6 (94.3)</td> <td style="background: #FF2B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">35.2 (95.4)</td> <td style="background: #FF3200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">34.1 (93.4)</td> <td style="background: #FF2E00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">34.7 (94.5)</td> <td style="background: #FF2A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">35.4 (95.7)</td> <td style="background: #FF4D00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30.3 (86.5)</td> <td style="background: #FF7300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.7 (76.5)</td> <td style="background: #FF2400; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">36.2 (97.2)</td> </tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily maximum °C (°F)</th> <td style="background: #FFA347; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.8 (64.0)</td> <td style="background: #FF9D3C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.6 (65.5)</td> <td style="background: #FF8D1C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.9 (69.6)</td> <td style="background: #FF7900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.8 (74.8)</td> <td style="background: #FF6700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.5 (79.7)</td> <td style="background: #FF5200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">29.5 (85.1)</td> <td style="background: #FF4400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31.6 (88.9)</td> <td style="background: #FF4400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31.6 (88.9)</td> <td style="background: #FF4D00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30.2 (86.4)</td> <td style="background: #FF5D00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.9 (82.2)</td> <td style="background: #FF7500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.4 (75.9)</td> <td style="background: #FF952C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.8 (67.6)</td> <td style="background: #FF7000; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">25.2 (77.4)</td> </tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Daily mean °C (°F)</th> <td style="background: #FFBE7D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.9 (57.0)</td> <td style="background: #FFBA76; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.4 (57.9)</td> <td style="background: #FFAC59; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.5 (61.7)</td> <td style="background: #FF9831; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.4 (66.9)</td> <td style="background: #FF8308; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.4 (72.3)</td> <td style="background: #FF6C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.7 (78.3)</td> <td style="background: #FF5D00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.0 (82.4)</td> <td style="background: #FF5A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.4 (83.1)</td> <td style="background: #FF6600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.7 (80.1)</td> <td style="background: #FF7A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.7 (74.7)</td> <td style="background: #FF952C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.8 (67.6)</td> <td style="background: #FFB163; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.8 (60.4)</td> <td style="background: #FF8B18; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">21.2 (70.2)</td> </tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily minimum °C (°F)</th> <td style="background: #FFD9B3; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.0 (50.0)</td> <td style="background: #FFD7B0; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.2 (50.4)</td> <td style="background: #FFCA96; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.1 (53.8)</td> <td style="background: #FFB871; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.8 (58.6)</td> <td style="background: #FFA042; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.2 (64.8)</td> <td style="background: #FF870F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.9 (71.4)</td> <td style="background: #FF7500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.4 (75.9)</td> <td style="background: #FF7100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.1 (77.2)</td> <td style="background: #FF7E00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.2 (73.8)</td> <td style="background: #FF9730; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.5 (67.1)</td> <td style="background: #FFB56C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.1 (59.2)</td> <td style="background: #FFCC9A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.8 (53.2)</td> <td style="background: #FFB061; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">15.9 (60.6)</td> </tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean minimum °C (°F)</th> <td style="background: #FFF8F2; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.4 (41.7)</td> <td style="background: #FFF3E8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.1 (43.0)</td> <td style="background: #FFE9D4; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.6 (45.7)</td> <td style="background: #FFDCBA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.5 (49.1)</td> <td style="background: #FFBF80; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.7 (56.7)</td> <td style="background: #FF9F3F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.4 (65.1)</td> <td style="background: #FF8811; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.7 (71.1)</td> <td style="background: #FF8104; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.7 (72.9)</td> <td style="background: #FF9730; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.5 (67.1)</td> <td style="background: #FFB871; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.8 (58.6)</td> <td style="background: #FFD9B4; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.9 (49.8)</td> <td style="background: #FFEBD8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.3 (45.1)</td> <td style="background: #FFF8F2; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">5.4 (41.7)</td> </tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record low °C (°F)</th> <td style="background: #DEDEFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−1.6 (29.1)</td> <td style="background: #D3D3FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−3.5 (25.7)</td> <td style="background: #F1F1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.0 (35.6)</td> <td style="background: #FDFDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.3 (39.7)</td> <td style="background: #FFDBB8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.6 (49.3)</td> <td style="background: #FFC489; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.0 (55.4)</td> <td style="background: #FFA852; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.0 (62.6)</td> <td style="background: #FFA246; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.9 (64.2)</td> <td style="background: #FFBC79; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.2 (57.6)</td> <td style="background: #FFE3C7; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.5 (47.3)</td> <td style="background: #FFFBF8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.0 (41.0)</td> <td style="background: #E7E7FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.2 (32.4)</td> <td style="background: #D3D3FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">−3.5 (25.7)</td> </tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average rainfall mm (inches)</th> <td style="background: #44FF44; color:#000000;" class="notheme">124.9 (4.92)</td> <td style="background: #63FF63; color:#000000;" class="notheme">95.2 (3.75)</td> <td style="background: #B0FFB0; color:#000000;" class="notheme">52.8 (2.08)</td> <td style="background: #DAFFDA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.6 (0.93)</td> <td style="background: #FAFFFA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.7 (0.11)</td> <td style="background: #FEFFFE; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.1 (0.00)</td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 (0.0)</td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 (0.0)</td> <td style="background: #FDFFFD; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.2 (0.05)</td> <td style="background: #D5FFD5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.0 (1.10)</td> <td style="background: #87FF87; color:#000000;" class="notheme">77.8 (3.06)</td> <td style="background: #35FF35; color:#000000;" class="notheme">135.5 (5.33)</td> <td style="background: #BAFFBA; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">541.8 (21.33)</td> </tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average rainy days (≥ 0.1 mm)</th> <td style="background: #5353FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">13.9</td> <td style="background: #6060FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">11.7</td> <td style="background: #9494FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.6</td> <td style="background: #D1D1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.6</td> <td style="background: #EDEDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.4</td> <td style="background: #FDFDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.1</td> <td style="background: #FDFDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.1</td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0</td> <td style="background: #F4F4FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.8</td> <td style="background: #CECEFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.9</td> <td style="background: #9999FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.0</td> <td style="background: #6D6DFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.8</td> <td style="background: #BCBCFF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">63.9</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source: Israel Meteorological Service<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-IMS-114">[114]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Rain-115">[115]</a></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> <div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="width:auto; text-align:center; line-height:1.2em;"> <tbody> <tr> <th colspan="14">Climate data for University of Haifa (475 m / 1558 ft) (Temperature: 1995–2010, Precipitation: 1980–2010)</th> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Month</th> <th scope="col">Jan</th> <th scope="col">Feb</th> <th scope="col">Mar</th> <th scope="col">Apr</th> <th scope="col">May</th> <th scope="col">Jun</th> <th scope="col">Jul</th> <th scope="col">Aug</th> <th scope="col">Sep</th> <th scope="col">Oct</th> <th scope="col">Nov</th> <th scope="col">Dec</th> <th scope="col" style="border-left-width:medium">Year</th> </tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record high °C (°F)</th> <td style="background: #FF7B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.6 (74.5)</td> <td style="background: #FF6900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.2 (79.2)</td> <td style="background: #FF3B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">32.9 (91.2)</td> <td style="background: #FF2100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">36.6 (97.9)</td> <td style="background: #FF1100; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">39.0 (102.2)</td> <td style="background: #FF1100; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">38.9 (102.0)</td> <td style="background: #FF2100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">36.6 (97.9)</td> <td style="background: #FF2D00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">34.9 (94.8)</td> <td style="background: #FF1100; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">38.9 (102.0)</td> <td style="background: #FF2300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">36.3 (97.3)</td> <td style="background: #FF4F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30.0 (86.0)</td> <td style="background: #FF5A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.3 (82.9)</td> <td style="background: #FF1100; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">39.0 (102.2)</td> </tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily maximum °C (°F)</th> <td style="background: #FFC285; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.3 (55.9)</td> <td style="background: #FFBC79; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.2 (57.6)</td> <td style="background: #FFAA55; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.8 (62.2)</td> <td style="background: #FF9226; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.2 (68.4)</td> <td style="background: #FF7D00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.3 (73.9)</td> <td style="background: #FF7100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.1 (77.2)</td> <td style="background: #FF6700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.5 (79.7)</td> <td style="background: #FF6400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.9 (80.4)</td> <td style="background: #FF6900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.2 (79.2)</td> <td style="background: #FF7700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.2 (75.6)</td> <td style="background: #FF942A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.9 (67.8)</td> <td style="background: #FFB367; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.5 (59.9)</td> <td style="background: #FF8D1B; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">21.0 (69.8)</td> </tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Daily mean °C (°F)</th> <td style="background: #FFD2A5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.0 (51.8)</td> <td style="background: #FFCE9E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.5 (52.7)</td> <td style="background: #FFBE7E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.8 (56.8)</td> <td style="background: #FFAC59; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.5 (61.7)</td> <td style="background: #FF962D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.7 (67.5)</td> <td style="background: #FF860D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.0 (71.6)</td> <td style="background: #FF7A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.7 (74.7)</td> <td style="background: #FF7700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.2 (75.6)</td> <td style="background: #FF7C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.4 (74.1)</td> <td style="background: #FF8B17; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.3 (70.3)</td> <td style="background: #FFA74F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.2 (63.0)</td> <td style="background: #FFC388; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.1 (55.6)</td> <td style="background: #FFA143; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">18.1 (64.6)</td> </tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily minimum °C (°F)</th> <td style="background: #FFE2C6; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.6 (47.5)</td> <td style="background: #FFE0C2; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.9 (48.0)</td> <td style="background: #FFD4A9; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.7 (51.3)</td> <td style="background: #FFC58B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.9 (55.2)</td> <td style="background: #FFAF5F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.1 (61.0)</td> <td style="background: #FF9C39; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.8 (65.8)</td> <td style="background: #FF8E1E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.8 (69.4)</td> <td style="background: #FF8914; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.5 (70.7)</td> <td style="background: #FF9021; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.6 (69.1)</td> <td style="background: #FF9F3F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.4 (65.1)</td> <td style="background: #FFB973; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.6 (58.3)</td> <td style="background: #FFD4A9; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.7 (51.3)</td> <td style="background: #FFB56B; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">15.2 (59.4)</td> </tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record low °C (°F)</th> <td style="background: #E5E5FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−0.3 (31.5)</td> <td style="background: #EDEDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.3 (34.3)</td> <td style="background: #ECECFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.0 (33.8)</td> <td style="background: #FDFDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.2 (39.6)</td> <td style="background: #FFD8B1; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.1 (50.2)</td> <td style="background: #FFCE9E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.5 (52.7)</td> <td style="background: #FFAA56; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.7 (62.1)</td> <td style="background: #FFA143; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.1 (64.6)</td> <td style="background: #FFB061; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.9 (60.6)</td> <td style="background: #FFE1C3; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.8 (47.8)</td> <td style="background: #FFFAF6; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.1 (41.2)</td> <td style="background: #F4F4FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.5 (36.5)</td> <td style="background: #E5E5FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">−0.3 (31.5)</td> </tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average rainfall mm (inches)</th> <td style="background: #07FF07; color:#000000;" class="notheme">166 (6.5)</td> <td style="background: #2DFF2D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">128 (5.0)</td> <td style="background: #95FF95; color:#000000;" class="notheme">71 (2.8)</td> <td style="background: #DEFFDE; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21 (0.8)</td> <td style="background: #F7FFF7; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5 (0.2)</td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0 (0)</td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0 (0)</td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0 (0)</td> <td style="background: #FBFFFB; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2 (0.1)</td> <td style="background: #C9FFC9; color:#000000;" class="notheme">36 (1.4)</td> <td style="background: #6FFF6F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">93 (3.7)</td> <td style="background: #0FFF0F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">161 (6.3)</td> <td style="background: #A8FFA8; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">683 (26.8)</td> </tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average rainy days (≥ 0.1 mm)</th> <td style="background: #5252FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">14</td> <td style="background: #5C5CFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">12</td> <td style="background: #8F8FFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9</td> <td style="background: #CCCCFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4</td> <td style="background: #F2F2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1</td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0</td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0</td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0</td> <td style="background: #F2F2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1</td> <td style="background: #CDCDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4</td> <td style="background: #9999FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8</td> <td style="background: #6A6AFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12</td> <td style="background: #BABAFF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">65</td> </tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Relative_humidity?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Relative humidity">relative humidity</a> (%)</th> <td style="background: #0000F9; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">68</td> <td style="background: #0000FD; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">67</td> <td style="background: #0E0EFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">63</td> <td style="background: #1515FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">61</td> <td style="background: #0E0EFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">63</td> <td style="background: #0000E2; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">74</td> <td style="background: #0000CB; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">80</td> <td style="background: #0000C4; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">82</td> <td style="background: #0000E2; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">74</td> <td style="background: #0000FD; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">67</td> <td style="background: #1D1DFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">59</td> <td style="background: #0606FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">65</td> <td style="background: #0000F6; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">69</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source: Israel Meteorological Service<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-IMS-114">[114]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Rain-115">[115]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-116">[116]</a></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(6)"> <h2 id="Neighborhoods">Neighborhoods</h2> </div> <section class="mf-section-6 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-6"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"> Main article: <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Neighborhoods_of_Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Neighborhoods of Haifa">Neighborhoods of Haifa</a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Israel_-_Haifa_-_view_001.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Israel_-_Haifa_-_view_001.jpg/220px-Israel_-_Haifa_-_view_001.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2288" data-file-height="1712"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 165px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Israel_-_Haifa_-_view_001.jpg/220px-Israel_-_Haifa_-_view_001.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="165" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Israel_-_Haifa_-_view_001.jpg/330px-Israel_-_Haifa_-_view_001.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Israel_-_Haifa_-_view_001.jpg/440px-Israel_-_Haifa_-_view_001.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> Bat Galim neighborhood and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa_Bay?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Haifa Bay">Haifa Bay</a> </figcaption> </figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Dan_Panorama_hotel_and_shopping_centre_-_Haifa.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Dan_Panorama_hotel_and_shopping_centre_-_Haifa.jpg/220px-Dan_Panorama_hotel_and_shopping_centre_-_Haifa.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2126" data-file-height="1412"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 146px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Dan_Panorama_hotel_and_shopping_centre_-_Haifa.jpg/220px-Dan_Panorama_hotel_and_shopping_centre_-_Haifa.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="146" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Dan_Panorama_hotel_and_shopping_centre_-_Haifa.jpg/330px-Dan_Panorama_hotel_and_shopping_centre_-_Haifa.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Dan_Panorama_hotel_and_shopping_centre_-_Haifa.jpg/440px-Dan_Panorama_hotel_and_shopping_centre_-_Haifa.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> Panorama Towers </figcaption> </figure> Haifa has developed in tiers, from the lower to the upper city on the Carmel. The oldest neighborhood in modern Haifa is Wadi Salib, the Old City center near the port, which has been bisected by a major road and razed in part to make way for <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Government_Buildings?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Government Buildings">Government Buildings</a>. Wadi Salib stretches across to <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wadi_Nisnas?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wadi Nisnas">Wadi Nisnas</a>, the center of Arab life in Haifa today. In the 19th century, under Ottoman rule, the German Colony was built, providing the first model of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Urban_planning?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Urban planning">urban planning</a> in Haifa. Some of the buildings have been restored and the colony has turned into a center of Haifa nightlife.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-tiers-109">[109]</a> The first buildings in Hadar were constructed at the start of the 20th century. Hadar was Haifa's cultural center and marketplace throughout the 1920s and into the 1980s, nestled above and around Haifa's Arab neighborhoods. Today Hadar stretches from the port area near the bay, approximately halfway up Mount Carmel, around the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/German_Colony,_Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="German Colony, Haifa">German Colony</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wadi_Nisnas?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wadi Nisnas">Wadi Nisnas</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wadi_Salib?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wadi Salib">Wadi Salib</a>.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-117">[117]</a> Hadar houses two commercial centers (one in the port area, and one midway up the mountain) surrounded by some of the city's older neighborhoods. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Neve_Sha%27anan,_Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Neve Sha'anan, Haifa">Neve Sha'anan</a>, a neighborhood located on the second tier of Mount Carmel, was founded in the 1920s. West of the port are the neighborhoods of Bat Galim, Shikmona Beach, and Kiryat Eliezer. To the west and east of Hadar are the Arab neighborhoods of Abbas and Khalisa, built in the 1960s and 70s.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-go-118">[118]</a> To the south of Mount Carmel's headland, along the road to Tel Aviv, are the neighborhoods of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ein_HaYam_(Wadi_al-Jimal)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ein HaYam (Wadi al-Jimal)">Ein HaYam</a>, Shaar HaAliya, Kiryat Sprinzak and Neve David. Above Hadar are affluent neighborhoods such as the Carmel Tzarfati (<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/French_Carmel?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="French Carmel">French Carmel</a>), <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Merkaz_HaCarmel?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Merkaz HaCarmel">Merkaz HaCarmel</a> (Carmel Center), <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ramot_Ben_Gurion?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Ramot Ben Gurion">Romema</a> (Ramot Ben Gurion), Ahuzat HaCarmel (Ahuza), Carmeliya, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vardiya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Vardiya">Vardiya</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ramat_Golda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Ramat Golda">Ramat Golda</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Ramat_Alon&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Ramat Alon (page does not exist)">Ramat Alon</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Denia,_Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Denia, Haifa">Hod Ha'Carmel (Denya)</a>. While there are general divisions between Arab and Jewish neighborhoods, there is an increasing trend for wealthy Arabs to move into affluent Jewish neighborhoods.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-demo-99">[99]</a> Another Carmel neighborhood is <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kababir?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kababir">Kababir</a>, home to the National Headquarters of Israel's <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ahmadiyya_Community?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Ahmadiyya Community">Ahmadiyya Community</a>;<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-go-118">[118]</a> located near Merkaz HaCarmel and overlooking the coast. </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(7)"> <h2 id="Urban_development">Urban development</h2> </div> <section class="mf-section-7 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-7"> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Sderot_Ben_Gurion_Haifa_IL_WV.JPG?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Sderot_Ben_Gurion_Haifa_IL_WV.JPG/170px-Sderot_Ben_Gurion_Haifa_IL_WV.JPG" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1125" data-file-height="1500"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 170px;height: 227px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Sderot_Ben_Gurion_Haifa_IL_WV.JPG/170px-Sderot_Ben_Gurion_Haifa_IL_WV.JPG" data-width="170" data-height="227" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Sderot_Ben_Gurion_Haifa_IL_WV.JPG/255px-Sderot_Ben_Gurion_Haifa_IL_WV.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Sderot_Ben_Gurion_Haifa_IL_WV.JPG/340px-Sderot_Ben_Gurion_Haifa_IL_WV.JPG 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> Ben-Gurion Avenue and the German Colony </figcaption> </figure> Recently, residential construction has been concentrated around Kiryat Haim and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kiryat_Shmuel,_Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kiryat Shmuel, Haifa">Kiryat Shmuel</a>, with 75,000 m2 (807,293 sq ft) of new residential construction between 2002 and 2004, the Carmel, with 70,000 m2 (753,474 sq ft), and Ramot Neve Sha'anan with approximately 70,000 m2 (753,474 sq ft)<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-building-119">[119]</a> Non-residential construction was highest in the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lower_Town?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lower Town">Lower Town</a>, (90,000 sq m), Haifa Bay (72,000 sq m) and Ramot Neve Sha'anan (54,000 sq m).<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-building-119">[119]</a> In 2004, 80% of construction in the city was private.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-building-119">[119]</a> Currently, the city has a modest number of skyscrapers and high-rise buildings.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-120">[120]</a> Though buildings rising up to 20 stories were built on Mount Carmel in the past, the Haifa municipality banned the construction of any new buildings taller than nine stories on Mount Carmel in July 2012.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-121">[121]</a> The neighborhood of Wadi Salib, located in the heart of downtown Haifa, is being redeveloped. Most of its Jewish and Arab residents are considered squatters and have been gradually evicted over the years. The Haifa Economic Corporation Ltd is developing two 1,000 square meter lots for office and commercial use.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-122">[122]</a> Some historic buildings have been renovated and redeveloped, especially into nightclubs and theaters, such as the Palace of the Pasha, a <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Turkish_bath?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Turkish bath">Turkish bathhouse</a>, and a <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Middle_Eastern_music?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Middle Eastern music">Middle Eastern music</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nightclub?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Nightclub">dance club</a>, which has been converted into theaters and offices.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Johal-86">[86]</a> In 2012, a new, massive development plan was announced for Haifa's waterfront. According to the plan, the western section of the city's port will be torn down, and all port activity will be moved to the east. The west side of the port will be transformed into a tourism and nightlife center and a point of embarkation and arrival for sea travel through the construction of public spaces, a beach promenade, and the renovation of commercial buildings. The train tracks that currently bisect the city and separate the city's beach from the rest of Haifa will also be buried.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-123">[123]</a> A park will be developed on the border of the Kishon River, the refineries' cooling towers will be turned into a visitors' center, and bridges will lead from the port to the rest of the city. Massive renovations are also currently underway in Haifa's lower town, in the Turkish market and Paris Square, which will become the city's business center.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-hotels-124">[124]</a> In addition, the ammonia depository tank in the Haifa bay industrial zone will be dismantled, and a new one built in an alternative location.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-125">[125]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:The_Carmelite_Compound_(8).jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/The_Carmelite_Compound_%288%29.jpg/220px-The_Carmelite_Compound_%288%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="4160" data-file-height="3120"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 165px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/The_Carmelite_Compound_%288%29.jpg/220px-The_Carmelite_Compound_%288%29.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="165" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/The_Carmelite_Compound_%288%29.jpg/330px-The_Carmelite_Compound_%288%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/The_Carmelite_Compound_%288%29.jpg/440px-The_Carmelite_Compound_%288%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> The Carmelite Compound in <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Paris_Square_(Haifa)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Paris Square (Haifa)">Paris Square</a> </figcaption> </figure> Another plan seeks to turn the western section of Haifa Port into a major tourism and nightlife center, as well as a functioning point of embarkation and arrival for sea travel. All port activity will be moved to the western side, and the area will be redeveloped. Public spaces and a beach promenade will be developed, and commercial buildings will be renovated.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-126">[126]</a> As part of the development plans, the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Israeli_Navy?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Israeli Navy">Israeli Navy</a>, which has a large presence in Haifa, will withdraw from the shoreline between Bat Galim and Hof Hashaket. A 5 km (3.1 mi) long <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Esplanade?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Esplanade">esplanade</a> which will encircle the shoreline will be constructed. It will include a bicycle path, and possibly also a small bridge under which navy vessels will pass on their way to the sea.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-127">[127]</a> In addition, a 50,000 square-meter entertainment complex that will contain a <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Disney?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Disney">Disney</a> theme park, cinemas, shops, and a 25-screen <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Multiplex_(movie_theater)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Multiplex (movie theater)">Multiplex theater</a> will be built at the Check Post exit from the Carmel Tunnels.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-128">[128]</a> In 2014, a new major plan for the city was proposed, under which extensive development of residential, business, and leisure areas will take place with the target of increasing the city's population by 60,000 by 2025. Under the plan, five new neighborhoods will be built, along with new high-tech parks. In addition, existing employment centers will be renovated, and new leisure areas and a large park will be built.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-129">[129]</a> In 2016, a new plan for the city was approved. The plan included a new main downtown business district, the creation of a park in a current industrial area, new construction and renovation of public buildings and hubs of higher education, tourism, culture, commerce, leisure, and residence.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-globes-100">[100]</a> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(8)"> <h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2> </div> <section class="mf-section-8 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-8"> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Haifa_Refinery_by_David_Shankbone.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Haifa_Refinery_by_David_Shankbone.jpg/220px-Haifa_Refinery_by_David_Shankbone.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 165px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Haifa_Refinery_by_David_Shankbone.jpg/220px-Haifa_Refinery_by_David_Shankbone.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="165" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Haifa_Refinery_by_David_Shankbone.jpg/330px-Haifa_Refinery_by_David_Shankbone.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Haifa_Refinery_by_David_Shankbone.jpg/440px-Haifa_Refinery_by_David_Shankbone.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Oil_Refineries?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Oil Refineries">Haifa Oil Refinery</a> </figcaption> </figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Matam_hi-tech_park_(Haifa).jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Matam_hi-tech_park_%28Haifa%29.jpg/220px-Matam_hi-tech_park_%28Haifa%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="159" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2200" data-file-height="1589"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 159px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Matam_hi-tech_park_%28Haifa%29.jpg/220px-Matam_hi-tech_park_%28Haifa%29.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="159" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Matam_hi-tech_park_%28Haifa%29.jpg/330px-Matam_hi-tech_park_%28Haifa%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Matam_hi-tech_park_%28Haifa%29.jpg/440px-Matam_hi-tech_park_%28Haifa%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> Matam hi-tech park </figcaption> </figure> The common Israeli saying, "Haifa works, Jerusalem prays, and Tel Aviv plays" attests to Haifa's reputation as a city of workers and industry.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-130">[130]</a> The industrial region of Haifa is in the eastern part of the city, around the Kishon River. It is home to the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Oil_Refineries_Ltd?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Oil Refineries Ltd">Haifa oil refinery</a>, one of the two <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Oil_refinery?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Oil refinery">oil refineries</a> in Israel (the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ashdod_Oil_Refineries?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ashdod Oil Refineries">other refinery</a> being located in Ashdod). The Haifa refinery processes 9 million tons (66 million barrels) of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Petroleum?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Petroleum">crude oil</a> a year.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-foundation-131">[131]</a> Its nowadays unused twin 80-meter high <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cooling_tower?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cooling tower">cooling towers</a>, built in the 1930s, were the tallest buildings built in the British Mandate period.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-132">[132]</a> Matam (short for Merkaz Ta'asiyot Mada – Scientific Industries Center), the largest and oldest <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Business_park?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Business park">business park</a> in Israel, is at the southern entrance to the city, hosting manufacturing and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Research_and_development?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Research and development">R&D</a> facilities for a large number of Israeli and international <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/High_tech?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="High tech">hi-tech</a> companies, such as <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Apple_Inc.?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Apple Inc.">Apple</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Amazon_(company)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Amazon (company)">Amazon</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Abbott_Laboratories?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Abbott Laboratories">Abbot</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cadence_Design_Systems?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cadence Design Systems">Cadence</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Intel_Corporation?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Intel Corporation">Intel</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/IBM_R%26D_Labs_in_Israel?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="IBM R&D Labs in Israel">IBM</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Magic_Leap?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Magic Leap">Magic Leap</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Microsoft?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Microsoft">Microsoft</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Motorola?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Motorola">Motorola</a>, Google, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Yahoo!?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Yahoo!">Yahoo!</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Elbit?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Elbit">Elbit</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/CSR_plc?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="CSR plc">CSR</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Philips?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Philips">Philips</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/PricewaterhouseCoopers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="PricewaterhouseCoopers">PwC</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Amdocs?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Amdocs">Amdocs</a>.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-133">[133]</a> The campus of the University of Haifa is also home to IBM Haifa Labs.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-134">[134]</a> The Port of Haifa is the leader in passenger traffic among Israeli ports, and is also a major cargo <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Harbor?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Harbor">harbor</a>, although deregulation has seen its dominance challenged by the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Port_of_Ashdod?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Port of Ashdod">Port of Ashdod</a>.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-135">[135]</a> Haifa malls and shopping centers include Hutsot Hamifratz, Horev Center Mall, Panorama Center, Castra Center, Colony Center (Lev HaMoshava), Hanevi'im Tower Mall, Kanyon Haifa, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lev_Hamifratz_Mall?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Lev Hamifratz Mall">Lev Hamifratz Mall</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Grand_Canyon_(mall)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Grand Canyon (mall)">Grand Kanyon</a>.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-136">[136]</a> In 2010, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Monocle_(lifestyle_magazine)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Monocle (lifestyle magazine)">Monocle</a> magazine identified Haifa as the city with the most promising business potential, with the greatest investment opportunities in the world. The magazine noted that "a massive head-to-toe regeneration is starting to have an impact; from scaffolding and cranes around town, to renovated façades and new smart places to eat". The Haifa municipality had spent more than $350 million on roads and infrastructure, and the number of building permits had risen 83% in the previous two years.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Monocle-98">[98]</a> In 2014, it was announced that a technology-focused <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Stock_exchange?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Stock exchange">stock exchange</a> would be established to compete with the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tel_Aviv_Stock_Exchange?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tel Aviv Stock Exchange">Tel Aviv Stock Exchange</a>.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-137">[137]</a> Currently, some 40 hotels, mostly <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Boutique_hotel?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Boutique hotel">boutique hotels</a>, are planned, have been approved, or are under construction. The Haifa Municipality is seeking to turn the city into Northern Israel's tourist center, from where travelers can embark on day trips into Acre, Nazareth, Tiberias, and the Galilee.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-hotels-124">[124]</a> A new <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Life_sciences?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Life sciences">life sciences</a> industrial park containing five buildings with 85,000 square meters of space on a 31-duman (7.75 acre) site is being built adjacent to the Matam industrial park.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-138">[138]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Tourism">Tourism</h3> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"> See also: <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Terraces_(Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Terraces (Baháʼí)">Terraces (Baháʼí)</a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Stella_Maris_Haifa.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Stella_Maris_Haifa.jpg/220px-Stella_Maris_Haifa.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="4537" data-file-height="3401"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 165px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Stella_Maris_Haifa.jpg/220px-Stella_Maris_Haifa.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="165" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Stella_Maris_Haifa.jpg/330px-Stella_Maris_Haifa.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Stella_Maris_Haifa.jpg/440px-Stella_Maris_Haifa.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> Interior of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Stella_Maris_Monastery?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Stella Maris Monastery">Stella Maris Monastery</a> </figcaption> </figure> In 2005, Haifa had 13 hotels with a total of 1,462 rooms.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-tourism-139">[139]</a>[<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers">needs update</a>] The city has a 17 km (11 mi) shoreline, of which 5 km (3 mi) are beaches.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-leisure-140">[140]</a> Haifa's main tourist attraction is the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_World_Centre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Baháʼí World Centre">Baháʼí World Centre</a>, with the golden-domed Shrine of the Báb and the surrounding gardens. Between 2005 and 2006, 86,037 visited the shrine.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-tourism-139">[139]</a> In 2008, the Baháʼí gardens were designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-UNESCO-4">[4]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-141">[141]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-142">[142]</a> The restored German Colony, founded by the Templers, Stella Maris and Elijah's Cave also draw many tourists.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-143">[143]</a> Located in the Haifa district are the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ein_Hod?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ein Hod">Ein Hod</a> artists' colony, where over 90 artists and craftsmen have studios and exhibitions,<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-144">[144]</a> and the Mount Carmel <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/National_park?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="National park">national park</a>, with caves where <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Neanderthal?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Neanderthal">Neanderthal</a> and early <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Human?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Human">Homo Sapiens</a> remains were found.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-145">[145]</a> A 2007 report commissioned by the Haifa Municipality calls for the construction of more hotels, a ferry line between Haifa, Acre and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Caesarea_(modern_town)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Caesarea (modern town)">Caesarea</a>, development of the western anchorage of the port as a recreation and entertainment area, and an expansion of the local airport and port to accommodate international travel and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cruise_ship?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cruise ship">cruise ships</a>.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-146">[146]</a> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(9)"> <h2 id="Arts_and_culture">Arts and culture</h2> </div> <section class="mf-section-9 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-9"> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:South_Dado_Beach_-_Hof_HaCarmel_-_Haifa_(1506044661).jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/South_Dado_Beach_-_Hof_HaCarmel_-_Haifa_%281506044661%29.jpg/170px-South_Dado_Beach_-_Hof_HaCarmel_-_Haifa_%281506044661%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="256" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="3008"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 170px;height: 256px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/South_Dado_Beach_-_Hof_HaCarmel_-_Haifa_%281506044661%29.jpg/170px-South_Dado_Beach_-_Hof_HaCarmel_-_Haifa_%281506044661%29.jpg" data-width="170" data-height="256" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/South_Dado_Beach_-_Hof_HaCarmel_-_Haifa_%281506044661%29.jpg/255px-South_Dado_Beach_-_Hof_HaCarmel_-_Haifa_%281506044661%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/South_Dado_Beach_-_Hof_HaCarmel_-_Haifa_%281506044661%29.jpg/340px-South_Dado_Beach_-_Hof_HaCarmel_-_Haifa_%281506044661%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> Promenade along Dado Beach </figcaption> </figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Folk_dancing_in_Dado_Beach,_Haifa_2015.JPG?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Folk_dancing_in_Dado_Beach%2C_Haifa_2015.JPG/220px-Folk_dancing_in_Dado_Beach%2C_Haifa_2015.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 165px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Folk_dancing_in_Dado_Beach%2C_Haifa_2015.JPG/220px-Folk_dancing_in_Dado_Beach%2C_Haifa_2015.JPG" data-width="220" data-height="165" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Folk_dancing_in_Dado_Beach%2C_Haifa_2015.JPG/330px-Folk_dancing_in_Dado_Beach%2C_Haifa_2015.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Folk_dancing_in_Dado_Beach%2C_Haifa_2015.JPG/440px-Folk_dancing_in_Dado_Beach%2C_Haifa_2015.JPG 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> Folk dancing on Dado Beach </figcaption> </figure> Despite its image as a port and industrial city, Haifa is the cultural hub of northern Israel. During the 1950s, mayor <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Abba_Hushi?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Abba Hushi">Abba Hushi</a> made a special effort to encourage authors and poets to move to the city, and founded the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa_Theatre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Haifa Theatre">Haifa Theatre</a>, a <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Repertory_theater?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Repertory theater">repertory theater</a>, the first municipal theater founded in the country.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-culture-147">[147]</a> The principal Arabic theater servicing the northern Arab population is the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Al-Midan_Theater?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Al-Midan Theater">al-Midan Theater</a>. Other theaters in the city include the Krieger Centre for the Performing Arts and the Rappaport Art and Culture Center.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-culture-147">[147]</a> The Congress Center hosts exhibitions, concerts and special events.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-148">[148]</a> The New Haifa Symphony Orchestra, established in 1950, has more than 5,000 subscribers. In 2004, 49,000 people attended its concerts.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-leisure-140">[140]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-149">[149]</a> The <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa_Cinematheque?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Haifa Cinematheque">Haifa Cinematheque</a>, founded in 1975, hosts the annual <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa_International_Film_Festival?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Haifa International Film Festival">Haifa International Film Festival</a> during the intermediate days of the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sukkot?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sukkot">Sukkot</a> holiday. Haifa has 29 movie theaters.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-leisure-140">[140]</a> The city publishes a local newspaper, Yediot Haifa,<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-150">[150]</a> and has its own radio station, Radio Haifa.<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.1075.fm">רדיו חיפה – 107.5FM</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-151">[151]</a> The Israeli Arabic-language newspapers <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Al-Ittihad_(Israeli_newspaper)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Al-Ittihad (Israeli newspaper)">Al-Ittihad</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Al-Madina_(Israeli_newspaper)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Al-Madina (Israeli newspaper)">Al-Madina</a> are also based in Haifa. During the 1990s, Haifa hosted the Haifa Rock & Blues Festival featuring <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bob_Dylan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bob Dylan">Bob Dylan</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nick_Cave?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Nick Cave">Nick Cave</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Blur_(band)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Blur (band)">Blur</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/PJ_Harvey?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="PJ Harvey">PJ Harvey</a>. The last festival was held in 1995 with <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sheryl_Crow?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sheryl Crow">Sheryl Crow</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Suede_(band)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Suede (band)">Suede</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Faith_No_More?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Faith No More">Faith No More</a> as headliners.[<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Museums">Museums</h3> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:P1190557_-_%D7%91%D7%99%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%98%D7%9B%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%95%D7%9F_%D7%94%D7%94%D7%99%D7%A1%D7%98%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%99_-_%D7%94%D7%97%D7%A6%D7%A8.JPG?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/P1190557_-_%D7%91%D7%99%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%98%D7%9B%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%95%D7%9F_%D7%94%D7%94%D7%99%D7%A1%D7%98%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%99_-_%D7%94%D7%97%D7%A6%D7%A8.JPG/170px-P1190557_-_%D7%91%D7%99%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%98%D7%9B%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%95%D7%9F_%D7%94%D7%94%D7%99%D7%A1%D7%98%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%99_-_%D7%94%D7%97%D7%A6%D7%A8.JPG" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3240" data-file-height="4320"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 170px;height: 227px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/P1190557_-_%D7%91%D7%99%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%98%D7%9B%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%95%D7%9F_%D7%94%D7%94%D7%99%D7%A1%D7%98%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%99_-_%D7%94%D7%97%D7%A6%D7%A8.JPG/170px-P1190557_-_%D7%91%D7%99%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%98%D7%9B%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%95%D7%9F_%D7%94%D7%94%D7%99%D7%A1%D7%98%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%99_-_%D7%94%D7%97%D7%A6%D7%A8.JPG" data-width="170" data-height="227" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/P1190557_-_%D7%91%D7%99%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%98%D7%9B%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%95%D7%9F_%D7%94%D7%94%D7%99%D7%A1%D7%98%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%99_-_%D7%94%D7%97%D7%A6%D7%A8.JPG/255px-P1190557_-_%D7%91%D7%99%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%98%D7%9B%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%95%D7%9F_%D7%94%D7%94%D7%99%D7%A1%D7%98%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%99_-_%D7%94%D7%97%D7%A6%D7%A8.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/P1190557_-_%D7%91%D7%99%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%98%D7%9B%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%95%D7%9F_%D7%94%D7%94%D7%99%D7%A1%D7%98%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%99_-_%D7%94%D7%97%D7%A6%D7%A8.JPG/340px-P1190557_-_%D7%91%D7%99%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%98%D7%9B%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%95%D7%9F_%D7%94%D7%94%D7%99%D7%A1%D7%98%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%99_-_%D7%94%D7%97%D7%A6%D7%A8.JPG 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> National Museum of Science, Haifa </figcaption> </figure> Haifa has over a dozen museums.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-leisure-140">[140]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-museums-152">[152]</a> The most popular museum is the Israel National Museum of Science, Technology, and Space, which recorded almost 150,000 visitors in 2004. The museum is located in the historic Technion building in the Hadar neighborhood. The <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa_Museum?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Haifa Museum">Haifa Museum of Art</a> houses a collection of modern and classical art, as well as displays on the history of Haifa. The <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tikotin_Museum_of_Japanese_Art?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tikotin Museum of Japanese Art">Tikotin Museum of Japanese Art</a> is the only museum in the Middle East dedicated solely to <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Japanese_art?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Japanese art">Japanese art</a>. Other museums in Haifa include the Museum of Prehistory, the National Maritime Museum and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa_City_Museum?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Haifa City Museum">Haifa City Museum</a>, the Hecht Museum,<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-153">[153]</a> the Dagon Archaeological Museum of Grain Handling,<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-154">[154]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-155">[155]</a> the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Israel_Railway_Museum?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Israel Railway Museum">Railway Museum</a>, the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Clandestine_Immigration_and_Naval_Museum?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Clandestine Immigration and Naval Museum">Clandestine Immigration and Naval Museum</a>, the Israeli <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Petroleum_industry?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Petroleum industry">Oil Industry</a> Museum, and Chagall Artists' House.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-leisure-140">[140]</a> As part of his campaign to bring culture to Haifa, Mayor Abba Hushi provided the artist <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mane-Katz?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Mane-Katz">Mane-Katz</a> with a building on Mount Carmel to house his collection of Judaica, which is now a museum.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-156">[156]</a> The former home and studio of artist <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hermann_Struck?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hermann Struck">Hermann Struck</a> is now the Hermann Struck Museum.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Struck-157">[157]</a> The Haifa Educational Zoo at Gan HaEm park houses a small animal collection including Syrian brown bears, now extinct from Israel. Wןthin the zoo is the Pinhas House biology institute. In the close vicinity of Haifa, on the Carmel, the Northern "Hai-Bar" ("wild life") operated by Israel's Parks and Reserves Authority for the purpose of breeding and reintroduction of species now extinct from Israel, such as Persian Fallow Deer.[<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(10)"> <h2 id="Government">Government</h2> </div> <section class="mf-section-10 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-10"> As an industrial port city, Haifa has traditionally been a Labor party stronghold. The strong presence of dock workers and trade unions earned it the nickname 'Red Haifa.' In addition, many prominent Arabs in the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Israel?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Communist Party of Israel">Israeli Communist Party</a>, among them <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tawfik_Toubi?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tawfik Toubi">Tawfik Toubi</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Emile_Habibi?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Emile Habibi">Emile Habibi</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Zahi_Karkabi&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Zahi Karkabi (page does not exist)">Zahi Karkabi</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bulus_Farah?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bulus Farah">Bulus Farah</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Emile_Toma?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Emile Toma">Emile Toma</a>, were from Haifa. <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Haifa_Courts.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Haifa_Courts.jpg/220px-Haifa_Courts.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 165px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Haifa_Courts.jpg/220px-Haifa_Courts.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="165" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Haifa_Courts.jpg/330px-Haifa_Courts.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Haifa_Courts.jpg/440px-Haifa_Courts.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> Haifa court building </figcaption> </figure> There has been a drift toward the center.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-158">[158]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-159">[159]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-160">[160]</a> This was best signified by, in <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/2006_Israeli_legislative_election?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="2006 Israeli legislative election">the 2006 legislative elections</a>, the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kadima?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kadima">Kadima</a> party receiving about 28.9% of the votes in Haifa, and Labor lagging behind with 16.9%.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-161">[161]</a> Before 1948, Haifa's Municipality was fairly unusual as it developed cooperation between the mixed Arab and Jewish community in the city, with representatives of both groups involved in the city's management. Under mayor al-Haj, between 1920 and 1927, the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/City_council?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="City council">city council</a> had six Arab and two Jewish representatives, with the city run as a mixed municipality with overall Arab control. Greater cooperation was introduced under <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hasan_Bey_Shukri?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Hasan Bey Shukri">Hasan Bey Shukri</a>, who adopted a positive and conciliatory attitude toward the city's Jews and gave them senior posts in the municipality.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-162">[162]</a> In 1940, the first Jewish mayor, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Shabtai_Levy?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Shabtai Levy">Shabtai Levy</a>, was elected. Levy's two deputies were Arab (one Muslim, the other Christian), with the remainder of the council made up of four Jews and six Arabs.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-govt-163">[163]</a> Today, Haifa is governed by its 12th city council, headed by the mayor Einat Kalisch-Rotem. The results of municipal elections decide on the makeup of the council, similarly to the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Knesset?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Knesset">Knesset</a> elections. The city council is the legislative council in the city, and has the authority to pass auxiliary laws.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-council-164">[164]</a> The 12th council, which was elected in 2003, has 31 members, with the liberal <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Shinui?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Shinui">Shinui</a>-<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/The_Greens_(Israel)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="The Greens (Israel)">Greens</a> ticket holding the most seats (6), and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Likud?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Likud">Likud</a> coming second with 5.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-councillors-165">[165]</a> Many of the decisions passed by the city council are results of recommendation made by the various municipal committees, which are committees where non-municipal organs meet with representatives from the city council. Some committees are spontaneous, but some are mandatory, such as the security committee, tender committee and financial committee.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-committees-166">[166]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Mayors">Mayors</h3> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"> See also: <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mayor_of_Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mayor of Haifa">Mayor of Haifa</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mayoral_elections_in_Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mayoral elections in Haifa">Mayoral elections in Haifa</a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:PikiWiki_Israel_6692_haifa_city_hall.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/PikiWiki_Israel_6692_haifa_city_hall.jpg/220px-PikiWiki_Israel_6692_haifa_city_hall.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 165px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/PikiWiki_Israel_6692_haifa_city_hall.jpg/220px-PikiWiki_Israel_6692_haifa_city_hall.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="165" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/PikiWiki_Israel_6692_haifa_city_hall.jpg/330px-PikiWiki_Israel_6692_haifa_city_hall.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/PikiWiki_Israel_6692_haifa_city_hall.jpg/440px-PikiWiki_Israel_6692_haifa_city_hall.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> City hall </figcaption> </figure> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style> <div class="div-col"> <ul> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Najib_Effendi_al-Yasin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Najib Effendi al-Yasin">Najib Effendi al-Yasin</a> (1873–77)</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ahmad_Effendi_Jalabi?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ahmad Effendi Jalabi">Ahmad Effendi Jalabi</a> (1878–81)</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Mustafa_Bey_al-Salih&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Mustafa Bey al-Salih (page does not exist)">Mustafa Bey al-Salih</a> (1881–84)</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Mustafa_Pasha_al-Khalil&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Mustafa Pasha al-Khalil (page does not exist)">Mustafa Pasha al-Khalil</a> (1885–1903)</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Jamil_Sadiq&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Jamil Sadiq (page does not exist)">Jamil Sadiq</a> (1904–10)</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Rif'at_al-Salah&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Rif'at al-Salah (page does not exist)">Rif'at al-Salah</a> (1910–11)</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Ibrahim_al-Khalil&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Ibrahim al-Khalil (page does not exist)">Ibrahim al-Khalil</a> (1911–13)</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Abd_al-Rahman_al-Haj&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Abd al-Rahman al-Haj (page does not exist)">Abd al-Rahman al-Haj</a> (1920–27)</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hassan_Bey_Shukri?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hassan Bey Shukri">Hassan Bey Shukri</a> (1914–20, 1927–40)</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Shabtai_Levy?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Shabtai Levy">Shabtai Levy</a> (1940–51)</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Abba_Hushi?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Abba Hushi">Abba Hushi</a> (1951–1969)</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Moshe_Flimann?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Moshe Flimann">Moshe Flimann</a> (1969–1973)</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Yosef_Almogi?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Yosef Almogi">Yosef Almogi</a> (1974–1975)</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Yeruham_Zeisel?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Yeruham Zeisel">Yeruham Zeisel</a> (1975–1978)</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Aryeh_Gur%27el?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Aryeh Gur'el">Arie Gur'el</a> (1978–1993)</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Amram_Mitzna?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Amram Mitzna">Amram Mitzna</a> (1993–2003)</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Giora_Fisher&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Giora Fisher (page does not exist)">Giora Fisher</a> (interim mayor, 2003)</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Yona_Yahav?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Yona Yahav">Yona Yahav</a> (2003–2018)</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Einat_Kalisch-Rotem?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Einat Kalisch-Rotem">Einat Kalisch-Rotem</a> (2018–present)</li> </ul> </div> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(11)"> <h2 id="Medical_facilities">Medical facilities</h2> </div> <section class="mf-section-11 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-11"> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Rambam_Health_Care_Campus_Main_Building.JPG?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Rambam_Health_Care_Campus_Main_Building.JPG/220px-Rambam_Health_Care_Campus_Main_Building.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="188" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2856" data-file-height="2445"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 188px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Rambam_Health_Care_Campus_Main_Building.JPG/220px-Rambam_Health_Care_Campus_Main_Building.JPG" data-width="220" data-height="188" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Rambam_Health_Care_Campus_Main_Building.JPG/330px-Rambam_Health_Care_Campus_Main_Building.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Rambam_Health_Care_Campus_Main_Building.JPG/440px-Rambam_Health_Care_Campus_Main_Building.JPG 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> Rambam Medical Center </figcaption> </figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Technion_%E2%80%93_Israel_Institute_of_Technology19.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Technion_%E2%80%93_Israel_Institute_of_Technology19.jpg/220px-Technion_%E2%80%93_Israel_Institute_of_Technology19.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="135" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="5982" data-file-height="3666"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 135px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Technion_%E2%80%93_Israel_Institute_of_Technology19.jpg/220px-Technion_%E2%80%93_Israel_Institute_of_Technology19.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="135" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Technion_%E2%80%93_Israel_Institute_of_Technology19.jpg/330px-Technion_%E2%80%93_Israel_Institute_of_Technology19.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Technion_%E2%80%93_Israel_Institute_of_Technology19.jpg/440px-Technion_%E2%80%93_Israel_Institute_of_Technology19.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> The Technion is the first higher education institution with teaching the Hebrew language. It was listed multiple tilmes in the top 100 of the Shanghai <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Academic_Ranking_of_World_Universities?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Academic Ranking of World Universities">Academic Ranking of World Universities</a>. </figcaption> </figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Haifa_U_Rabin_Building.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Haifa_U_Rabin_Building.jpg/220px-Haifa_U_Rabin_Building.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="683"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 147px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Haifa_U_Rabin_Building.jpg/220px-Haifa_U_Rabin_Building.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="147" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Haifa_U_Rabin_Building.jpg/330px-Haifa_U_Rabin_Building.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Haifa_U_Rabin_Building.jpg/440px-Haifa_U_Rabin_Building.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> Rabin Building, University of Haifa </figcaption> </figure> Haifa medical facilities have a total of 4,000 hospital beds. The largest hospital is the government-operated <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rambam_Hospital?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Rambam Hospital">Rambam Hospital</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-167">[167]</a> with 900 beds and 78,000 admissions in 2004. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bnai_Zion_Medical_Center?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bnai Zion Medical Center">Bnai Zion Medical Center</a> and Carmel Hospital each have 400 beds. Other hospitals in the city include the Italian Hospital, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Elisha_Medical_Center?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Elisha Medical Center">Elisha Hospital</a> (100 beds), Horev Medical Center (36 beds) and Ramat Marpe (18 beds).<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-medical-168">[168]</a> Haifa has 20 family health centers.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-medical-168">[168]</a> In 2004, there were a total of 177,478 hospital admissions.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-medical-168">[168]</a> Rambam Medical Center was in the direct line of fire during the Second Lebanon War in 2006 and was forced to take special precautions to protect its patients.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-169">[169]</a> Whole wings of the hospital were moved to large underground shelters.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-170">[170]</a> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(12)"> <h2 id="Education">Education</h2> </div> <section class="mf-section-12 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-12"> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Haifa_Nordfassade_%C3%89cole_des_S%C5%93urs_de_Nazareth.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Haifa_Nordfassade_%C3%89cole_des_S%C5%93urs_de_Nazareth.jpg/220px-Haifa_Nordfassade_%C3%89cole_des_S%C5%93urs_de_Nazareth.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 165px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Haifa_Nordfassade_%C3%89cole_des_S%C5%93urs_de_Nazareth.jpg/220px-Haifa_Nordfassade_%C3%89cole_des_S%C5%93urs_de_Nazareth.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="165" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Haifa_Nordfassade_%C3%89cole_des_S%C5%93urs_de_Nazareth.jpg/330px-Haifa_Nordfassade_%C3%89cole_des_S%C5%93urs_de_Nazareth.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Haifa_Nordfassade_%C3%89cole_des_S%C5%93urs_de_Nazareth.jpg/440px-Haifa_Nordfassade_%C3%89cole_des_S%C5%93urs_de_Nazareth.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> Nazareth Nuns' School, a prestigious Arabic school in Haifa.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-auto-171">[171]</a> </figcaption> </figure> Haifa is home to two internationally acclaimed universities and several colleges. The University of Haifa, founded in 1963, is at the top of Mt. Carmel. The campus was designed by the architect of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bras%C3%ADlia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Brasília">Brasília</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/United_Nations_Headquarters?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="United Nations Headquarters">United Nations Headquarters</a> in New York City, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Oscar_Niemeyer?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Oscar Niemeyer">Oscar Niemeyer</a>. The top floor of the 30-story Eshkol Tower provides a panoramic view of northern Israel. The <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hecht_Museum?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hecht Museum">Hecht Museum</a>, with important archeology and art collections, is on the campus of Haifa University. The <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Technion?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Technion">Technion – Israel Institute of Technology</a>, was founded in 1912, and became the first higher education institution where the language of teaching is Hebrew (see <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/War_of_the_Languages?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="War of the Languages">War of the Languages</a>). It has 18 faculties and 42 <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Research_institute?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Research institute">research institutes</a>. The original building now houses <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Israel_National_Museum_of_Science,_Technology,_and_Space?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Israel National Museum of Science, Technology, and Space">Israel National Museum of Science, Technology, and Space</a>, also known as Madatech. The <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hebrew_Reali_School?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hebrew Reali School">Hebrew Reali School</a> was founded in 1913. It is the largest <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/K-12?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="K-12">k-12</a> school in Israel, with 4,000 students in 7 branches, all over the city. The first technological high school in Israel, Bosmat, was established in Haifa in 1933. It was affiliated with the Technion. Because of financial difficulties, it was closed in 2007, and later re-established as part of the Mofet network, which was started by science teachers from the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1990s_post-Soviet_aliyah?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1990s post-Soviet aliyah">1990s post-Soviet aliyah</a>.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-172">[172]</a> Other academic institutions in Haifa are the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gordon_College_of_Education?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gordon College of Education">Gordon College of Education</a> and Sha'anan Religious Teachers' College, the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/WIZO_Haifa_Academy_of_Design_and_Education?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="WIZO Haifa Academy of Design and Education">WIZO Haifa Academy of Design and Education</a>,<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-173">[173]</a> and Tiltan College of Design. The Michlala Leminhal College of Management and the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Open_University_of_Israel?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Open University of Israel">Open University of Israel</a> have branches in Haifa. The city also has a nursing college and the P.E.T Practical Engineering School.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-edu-174">[174]</a> Among Israeli higher education institutions the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/University_of_Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="University of Haifa">University of Haifa</a> has the largest percentage (41%) of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Arab-Israeli?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Arab-Israeli">Arab-Israeli</a> students.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-175">[175]</a> The <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Technion_Israel_Institute_of_Technology?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Technion Israel Institute of Technology">Technion Israel Institute of Technology</a> has the second largest percentage (22.2%) of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Arab-Israeli?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Arab-Israeli">Arab-Israeli</a> students.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-176">[176]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-177">[177]</a> As of 2006<a class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title%3DHaifa%26action%3Dedit">[update]</a>–07, Haifa had 70 elementary schools, 23 middle schools, 28 academic <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/High_school_(upper_secondary)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="High school (upper secondary)">high schools</a> and 8 vocational high schools. There were 5,133 pupils in municipal kindergartens, 20,081 in elementary schools, 7,911 in middle schools, 8,072 in academic high schools, 2,646 in vocational high schools, and 2,068 in comprehensive district high schools. 86% of the students attended Hebrew-speaking schools and 14% attended Arab schools. 5% were in <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special_education?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special education">special education</a>.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-edu-174">[174]</a> In 2004, Haifa had 16 municipal libraries stocking 367,323 books.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-leisure-140">[140]</a> Two prestigious Arab schools in Haifa are the Orthodox School, run by the Greek Orthodox church, and the Nazareth Nuns' School, a Catholic institution.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-auto-171">[171]</a> About 70% of Arab students in Haifa (Christians, Muslims, and Druze) attend <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christian_schools?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Christian schools">Christian schools</a> (6 schools) that found in the city.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-178">[178]</a> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(13)"> <h2 id="Transportation">Transportation</h2> </div> <section class="mf-section-13 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-13"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Public_transportation">Public transportation</h3> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:The_New_Carmelit_08-10-2018.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/The_New_Carmelit_08-10-2018.jpg/170px-The_New_Carmelit_08-10-2018.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="1600"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 170px;height: 227px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/The_New_Carmelit_08-10-2018.jpg/170px-The_New_Carmelit_08-10-2018.jpg" data-width="170" data-height="227" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/The_New_Carmelit_08-10-2018.jpg/255px-The_New_Carmelit_08-10-2018.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/The_New_Carmelit_08-10-2018.jpg/340px-The_New_Carmelit_08-10-2018.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> The Carmelit is currently Israel's only subway system. </figcaption> </figure> Haifa is served by six railway stations and the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Carmelit?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Carmelit">Carmelit</a>, currently Israel's only subway system (another is planned in Tel Aviv). The <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nahariya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Nahariya">Nahariya</a>–Tel Aviv <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Coastal_railway_line,_Israel?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Coastal railway line, Israel">Coastal Railway</a> main line of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Israel_Railways?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Israel Railways">Israel Railways</a> runs along the coast of the Gulf of Haifa and has six stations within the city. From south-west to north-east, these stations are: <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa_Hof_HaCarmel_Railway_Station?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Haifa Hof HaCarmel Railway Station">Haifa Hof HaCarmel</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa_Bat_Galim_Railway_Station?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Haifa Bat Galim Railway Station">Haifa Bat Galim</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa_Center_HaShmona_Railway_Station?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Haifa Center HaShmona Railway Station">Haifa Merkaz HaShmona</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/HaMifrats_Central_Railway_Station?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="HaMifrats Central Railway Station">HaMifrats Central</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hutzot_HaMifratz_Railway_Station?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Hutzot HaMifratz Railway Station">Hutzot HaMifratz</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kiryat_Haim_Railway_Station?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Kiryat Haim Railway Station">Kiryat Haim</a>. Together with the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kiryat_Motzkin_Railway_Station?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Kiryat Motzkin Railway Station">Kiryat Motzkin Railway Station</a> in the northern suburb <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kiryat_Motzkin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kiryat Motzkin">Kiryat Motzkin</a>, they form the Haifa – Krayot suburban line ("Parvarit").<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-179">[179]</a> There are direct trains from Haifa to Tel Aviv, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ben_Gurion_International_Airport?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Ben Gurion International Airport">Ben Gurion International Airport</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Beersheba?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Beersheba">Beersheba</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hadera?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hadera">Hadera</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Herzliya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Herzliya">Herzliya</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Modi%27in?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Modi'in">Modi'in</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nahariya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Nahariya">Nahariya</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Karmiel?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Karmiel">Karmiel</a>, Akko, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kiryat_Motzkin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kiryat Motzkin">Kiryat Motzkin</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Binyamina?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Binyamina">Binyamina</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lod?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lod">Lod</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ramla?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ramla">Ramla</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Beit_Shemesh?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Beit Shemesh">Beit Shemesh</a> and others. Haifa's <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bus?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bus">intercity bus</a> connections are operated almost exclusively by the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Egged_(company)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Egged (company)">Egged</a> bus company, which operates two terminals: <ul> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/HaMifratz_Central_Bus_Station?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="HaMifratz Central Bus Station">HaMifratz Central Bus Station</a>, adjacent to the HaMifrats Central Railway Station</li> <li>Haifa Hof HaCarmel Central Bus Station, adjacent to the Hof HaCarmel Railway Station</li> </ul> Lines to the North of the country use HaMifratz Central Bus Station and their coverage includes most towns in the North of Israel. Lines heading south use <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa_Hof_HaCarmel_Central_Bus_Station?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Haifa Hof HaCarmel Central Bus Station">Haifa Hof HaCarmel Central Bus Station</a>. Destinations directly reachable from Hof HaCarmel CBS include Tel Aviv, Jerusalem, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eilat?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Eilat">Eilat</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ra%27anana?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ra'anana">Raanana</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Netanya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Netanya">Netanya</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hadera?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hadera">Hadera</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Zikhron_Ya%27akov?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Zikhron Ya'akov">Zikhron Ya'akov</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Atlit_(modern_town)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Atlit (modern town)">Atlit</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tirat_Carmel?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tirat Carmel">Tirat Carmel</a>, Ben Gurion International Airport and intermediate communities. There are also three Egged lines that have their terminus in the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Ramat_Vizhnitz&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Ramat Vizhnitz (page does not exist)">Ramat Vizhnitz</a> neighborhood and run to <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jerusalem?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bnei_Brak?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bnei Brak">Bnei Brak</a> and Ashdod. These used to be "<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mehadrin_bus_lines?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mehadrin bus lines">mehadrin</a>" (i.e. gender segregated) lines. All urban lines are run by Egged. There are also <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Share_taxi?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Share taxi">share taxis</a> that run along some bus routes but do not have an official schedule. In 2006, Haifa implemented a trial network of neighborhood mini-buses – named "Shkhunatit" and run by Egged.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-180">[180]</a> In December 2012, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/GetTaxi?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="GetTaxi">GetTaxi</a>, an app and taxi service which allows users to hail a cab using their smartphone without contacting the taxi station (by identifying and summoning the closest taxi) began operating. In the current initial phase, 50 taxis from the service are operating in Haifa.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-181">[181]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Metronit_track.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Metronit_track.jpg/220px-Metronit_track.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="168" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="783"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 168px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Metronit_track.jpg/220px-Metronit_track.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="168" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Metronit_track.jpg/330px-Metronit_track.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Metronit_track.jpg/440px-Metronit_track.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> Completed <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Metronit?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Metronit">Metronit</a> track in downtown Haifa </figcaption> </figure> Haifa and the Krayot suburbs also have a new <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Phileas_(public_transport)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Phileas (public transport)">Phileas concept</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bus_rapid_transit?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bus rapid transit">bus rapid transit</a> system called the Metronit. These buses, operating with <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hybrid_vehicle?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hybrid vehicle">hybrid</a> engines, follow optical strips embedded in designated lanes of roads, providing tram-like public transportation services. The Metronit consists of 100 18-meter buses, each with the capacity for 150 passengers, operating along 40 km (25 mi) of designated roadways.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-182">[182]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-183">[183]</a> The new system officially opened on 16 August 2013 serving three lines. Haifa is one of the few cities in Israel where buses operate on <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Shabbat?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Shabbat">Shabbat</a>.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-frommers-184">[184]</a> Bus lines operate throughout the city on a reduced schedule from late Saturday morning onwards, and also connect Haifa with Nesher, Tirat Karmel, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Yokneam_Illit?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Yokneam Illit">Yokneam</a>, Nazareth, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nazareth_Illit?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Nazareth Illit">Nazareth Illit</a> and intermediate communities. Since the summer of 2008, night buses are operated by Egged in Haifa (line 200) and the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Krayot_(Haifa)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Krayot (Haifa)">Krayot</a> suburbs (line 210).<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-185">[185]</a> During the summer of 2008 these lines operated 7 nights a week. Since 2013, along with route 1 of the Metronit, they operate 7 nights a week, making Haifa as the only city in Israel with 24/7 public transportation. Haifa is also the only city in Israel to operate a Saturday bus service to the beaches during summer time. Egged lines run during Saturday mornings from many neighborhoods to the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Dado_Beach&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Dado Beach (page does not exist)">Dado</a> and Bat Galim beaches, and back in the afternoon.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-186">[186]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Haifa_cable_car.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Haifa_cable_car.jpg/220px-Haifa_cable_car.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="150" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="513"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 150px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Haifa_cable_car.jpg/220px-Haifa_cable_car.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="150" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Haifa_cable_car.jpg/330px-Haifa_cable_car.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Haifa_cable_car.jpg/440px-Haifa_cable_car.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> A <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Aerial_lift?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Aerial lift">Cable Car</a> descending from Mount Carmel to Bat Galim </figcaption> </figure> The Haifa subway system is called <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Carmelit?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Carmelit">Carmelit</a>. It is a subterranean <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Funicular?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Funicular">funicular</a> railway, running from downtown Paris Square to Gan HaEm (Mother's Park) on Mount Carmel.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-187">[187]</a> With a single track, six stations and two trains, it is listed in <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Guinness_World_Records?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Guinness World Records">Guinness World Records</a> as the world's shortest metro line. The Carmelit accommodates bicycles. Haifa also has two cable cars. The <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bat_Galim_cable_car?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bat Galim cable car">Bat Galim cable car</a> consists of six cabins and connects Bat Galim on the coast to the Stella Maris <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Deck_(building)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Deck (building)">observation deck</a> and monastery atop Mount Carmel. It serves mainly tourists.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-188">[188]</a> Opened in April 2022, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rakavlit?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Rakavlit">Rakavlit</a>, the second cable car, is a 4.4-kilometre commuter cable car service, running from HaMifratz Central Bus Station at the foot of Mount Carmel to the Technion, and then to the University of Haifa.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-189">[189]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Air_and_sea_transport">Air and sea transport</h3> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Port_of_Haifa_2752-1.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Port_of_Haifa_2752-1.jpg/220px-Port_of_Haifa_2752-1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="151" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2049" data-file-height="1408"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 151px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Port_of_Haifa_2752-1.jpg/220px-Port_of_Haifa_2752-1.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="151" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Port_of_Haifa_2752-1.jpg/330px-Port_of_Haifa_2752-1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Port_of_Haifa_2752-1.jpg/440px-Port_of_Haifa_2752-1.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> The Port of Haifa </figcaption> </figure> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa_Airport?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Haifa Airport">Haifa Airport</a> serves international charters to <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cyprus?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cyprus">Cyprus</a> (<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Larnaca_Airport?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Larnaca Airport">Larnaca</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Paphos_Airport?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Paphos Airport">Paphos</a>).<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-HFA2023-190">[190]</a> Before <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="COVID-19 pandemic">COVID-19 pandemic</a> Haifa Airport operated flights to <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Egypt?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Egypt">Egypt</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Greece?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Greece">Greece</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jordan_(country)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Jordan (country)">Jordan</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Turkey?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Turkey">Turkey</a> as well as domestic flights to <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tel_Aviv?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tel Aviv">Tel Aviv</a> (<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sde_Dov_Airport?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sde Dov Airport">Sde Dov Airport</a>) and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eilat?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Eilat">Eilat</a> (<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eilat_Airport?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Eilat Airport">Eilat Airport</a>). There are currently plans to expand services from Haifa. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/AirHaifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="AirHaifa">airHaifa</a> is planning to launch operations during September 2024,<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-191">[191]</a> when at the beginning it will issue flights on the <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Haifa</a>-<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eilat?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Eilat">Eilat</a> route and later it will also fly to <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Republic_of_Cyprus?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Republic of Cyprus">Cyprus</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Greece?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Greece">Greece</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Turkey?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Turkey">Turkey</a>.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-TTI-192">[192]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Roads">Roads</h3> </div> Travel between Haifa and the center of the country is possible by road with <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Highway_2_(Israel)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Highway 2 (Israel)">Highway 2</a>, the main highway along the coastal plain, beginning at Tel Aviv and ending at Haifa.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-frommers-184">[184]</a> Furthermore, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Highway_4_(Israel)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Highway 4 (Israel)">Highway 4</a> runs along the coast to the north of Haifa, as well as south, inland from Highway 2.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-frommers-184">[184]</a> In the past, traffic along Highway 2 to the north of Haifa had to pass through the downtown area of the city. The <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Carmel_Tunnels?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Carmel Tunnels">Carmel Tunnels</a>, opened for traffic 1 December 2010, now route this traffic under Mount Carmel, reducing congestion in the downtown area.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-193">[193]</a> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(14)"> <h2 id="Sports">Sports</h2> </div> <section class="mf-section-14 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-14"> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:SammyOferSTD.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/SammyOferSTD.jpg/220px-SammyOferSTD.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 165px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/SammyOferSTD.jpg/220px-SammyOferSTD.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="165" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/SammyOferSTD.jpg/330px-SammyOferSTD.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/SammyOferSTD.jpg/440px-SammyOferSTD.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sammy_Ofer_Stadium?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sammy Ofer Stadium">Sammy Ofer Stadium</a> </figcaption> </figure> The main stadiums in Haifa are: Sammy Ofer Stadium, a <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/UEFA?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="UEFA">UEFA</a>-approved 30,942-seat stadium, completed in 2014, replacing the 14,002-seat <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kiryat_Eliezer_Stadium?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kiryat Eliezer Stadium">Kiryat Eliezer Stadium</a> that was demolished 2016, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Thomas_D%27Alesandro_Stadium?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Thomas D'Alesandro Stadium">Thomas D'Alesandro Stadium</a> and Neve Sha'anan Athletic Stadium that seats 1,000.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-194">[194]</a> The city's two main <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Association_football?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Association football">football clubs</a> are <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Maccabi_Haifa_F.C.?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Maccabi Haifa F.C.">Maccabi Haifa</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hapoel_Haifa_F.C.?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hapoel Haifa F.C.">Hapoel Haifa</a> who both currently play in the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Israeli_Premier_League?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Israeli Premier League">Israeli Premier League</a> and share the Sammy Ofer Stadium as their home pitch. Maccabi has won twelve Israeli titles, while Hapoel has won one. Haifa has 4 <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Basketball?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Basketball">professional basketball</a> clubs. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hapoel_Haifa_B.C.?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hapoel Haifa B.C.">Hapoel Haifa</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Maccabi_Haifa_B.C.?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Maccabi Haifa B.C.">Maccabi Haifa</a> both play in the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Israeli_Basketball_Super_League?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Israeli Basketball Super League">Israeli Basketball Super League</a>, the top division. They both also play at the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Romema_Arena?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Romema Arena">Romema Arena</a>, which seats 5,000. Maccabi Haifa Women plays in <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Israeli_Female_Basketball_Premier_League?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Israeli Female Basketball Premier League">Israeli Female Basketball Premier League</a> 1 division. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Hapoel_Haifa_W.B.C.&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Hapoel Haifa W.B.C. (page does not exist)">Hapoel Haifa Woman</a> plays in the 3 division, the team plays at Kiryat Eliezer Arena. The city also has an American football club, the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa_Underdogs?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Haifa Underdogs">Haifa Underdogs</a>, that are a part of the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Israeli_Football_League?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Israeli Football League">Israeli Football League</a> and play in Yoqneam Stadium. The team lost in the championship game of the league's inaugural season, but won one title as part of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/American_Football_Israel?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="American Football Israel">American Football Israel</a>, which merged with the Israeli Football League in 2005. The city has several clubs in the regional leagues, including <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Beitar_Haifa_F.C.?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Beitar Haifa F.C.">Beitar Haifa</a> in <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Liga_Bet?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Liga Bet">Liga Bet</a> (the fourth tier) and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hapoel_Ahva_Haifa_F.C.?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hapoel Ahva Haifa F.C.">Hapoel Ahva Haifa</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/F.C._Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="F.C. Haifa">F.C. Haifa Ruby Shapira</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Maccabi_Neve_Sha%27anan_Eldad_F.C.?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Maccabi Neve Sha'anan Eldad F.C.">Maccabi Neve Sha'anan Eldad</a> in <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Liga_Gimel?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Liga Gimel">Liga Gimel</a> (the fifth tier). The <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa_Hawks?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Haifa Hawks">Haifa Hawks</a> are an ice hockey team based out of the city of Haifa. They participate in the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Israeli_League_(ice_hockey)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Israeli League (ice hockey)">Israeli League</a>, the top level of Israeli ice hockey. In 1996, the city hosted the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Windsurfing?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Windsurfing">World Windsurfing Championship</a>.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-foundation-131">[131]</a> The <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Haifa_Tennis_Club&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Haifa Tennis Club (page does not exist)">Haifa Tennis Club</a>, near the southwest entrance to the city, is one of the largest in Israel.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-195">[195]</a> John Shecter, Olympic horse breeder and owner of triple cup champion Shergar was born here. </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(15)"> <h2 id="Notable_people">Notable people</h2> </div> <section class="mf-section-15 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-15"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"> Main article: <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/List_of_people_from_Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="List of people from Haifa">List of people from Haifa</a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Gene_Simmons_2012.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Gene_Simmons_2012.jpg/170px-Gene_Simmons_2012.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="255" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1152" data-file-height="1728"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 170px;height: 255px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Gene_Simmons_2012.jpg/170px-Gene_Simmons_2012.jpg" data-width="170" data-height="255" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Gene_Simmons_2012.jpg/255px-Gene_Simmons_2012.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Gene_Simmons_2012.jpg/340px-Gene_Simmons_2012.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gene_Simmons?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gene Simmons">Gene Simmons</a> </figcaption> </figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Leila_Khaled_(cropped).jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Leila_Khaled_%28cropped%29.jpg/170px-Leila_Khaled_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="179" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="540"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 170px;height: 179px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Leila_Khaled_%28cropped%29.jpg/170px-Leila_Khaled_%28cropped%29.jpg" data-width="170" data-height="179" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Leila_Khaled_%28cropped%29.jpg/255px-Leila_Khaled_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Leila_Khaled_%28cropped%29.jpg/340px-Leila_Khaled_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Leila_Khaled?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Leila Khaled">Leila Khaled</a> </figcaption> </figure> <ul> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Abed_Abdi?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Abed Abdi">Abed Abdi</a> (born 1942), Arab Palestinian painter and sculptor</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ralph_Bakshi?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ralph Bakshi">Ralph Bakshi</a> (born 1938), animator and filmmaker</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Orr_Barouch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Orr Barouch">Orr Barouch</a> (born 1991), footballer</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Naftali_Bennett?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Naftali Bennett">Naftali Bennett</a> (born 1972), politician</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Aaron_Ciechanover?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Aaron Ciechanover">Aaron Ciechanover</a> (born 1947), biologist; Nobel Prize, Chemistry</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jonathan_Erlich?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Jonathan Erlich">Jonathan Erlich</a> (born 1977), tennis player</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ari_Folman?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ari Folman">Ari Folman</a> (born 1962), filmmaker, creator of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Waltz_with_Bashir?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Waltz with Bashir">Waltz with Bashir</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Anastasia_Gorbenko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Anastasia Gorbenko">Anastasia Gorbenko</a> (born 2003), swimmer</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lea_Gottlieb?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lea Gottlieb">Lea Gottlieb</a> (1918–2012), founder and fashion designer of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gottex?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gottex">Gottex</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Avram_Hershko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Avram Hershko">Avram Hershko</a> (born 1937), biochemist, 2004 Nobel Prize, Chemistry</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Leila_Khaled?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Leila Khaled">Leila Khaled</a> (born 1944), Former Palestinian militant and hijacker</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jonatan_Kopelev?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Jonatan Kopelev">Jonatan Kopelev</a> (born 1991), swimmer</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Shiri_Maimon?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Shiri Maimon">Shiri Maimon</a> (born 1981), Hebrew singer, represented Israel in Eurovision 2005</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Adam_Maraana?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Adam Maraana">Adam Maraana</a> (born 2003), swimmer</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Shahar_Perkiss?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Shahar Perkiss">Shahar Perkiss</a> (born 1962), tennis player</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Yehuda_Poliker?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Yehuda Poliker">Yehuda Poliker</a> (born 1950), Hebrew songwriter and folk singer</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Odeya_Rush?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Odeya Rush">Odeya Rush</a> (born 1997), Hollywood actress and model</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Shem-Tov_Sabag?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Shem-Tov Sabag">Shem-Tov Sabag</a> (born 1959), Olympic marathoner</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Yulia_Sachkov?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Yulia Sachkov">Yulia Sachkov</a> (born 1999), world champion <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kickboxer?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Kickboxer">kickboxer</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Shachar_Sagiv?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Shachar Sagiv">Shachar Sagiv</a> (born 1994), Olympic triathlete</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gene_Simmons?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gene Simmons">Gene Simmons</a> (born 1949), musician</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Josef_Singer?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Josef Singer">Josef Singer</a> (1923–2009), President of Technion – Israel Institute of Technology</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uri_Sivan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Uri Sivan">Uri Sivan</a> (born 1955), physicist, professor, and President of the Technion – Israel Institute of Technology</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hillel_Slovak?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hillel Slovak">Hillel Slovak</a> (1962–1988), founding guitarist of the Red Hot Chili Peppers</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lior_Suchard?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lior Suchard">Lior Suchard</a> (born 1981), Mentalist or Mind Reader</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Keren_Tzur?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Keren Tzur">Keren Tzur</a> (born 1974), actress</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Avi_Wigderson?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Avi Wigderson">Avi Wigderson</a> (born 1956), mathematician and computer scientist, recipient of the 2021 <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Abel_Prize?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Abel Prize">Abel Prize</a></li> </ul> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(16)"> <h2 id="Terrorist_attacks">Terrorist attacks</h2> </div> <section class="mf-section-16 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-16"> <ul> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa_Oil_Refinery_massacre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Haifa Oil Refinery massacre">Haifa Oil Refinery massacre (1947)</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa_bus_16_suicide_bombing?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Haifa bus 16 suicide bombing">Haifa bus 16 suicide bombing (2001)</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Matza_restaurant_suicide_bombing?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Matza restaurant suicide bombing">Matza restaurant suicide bombing (2002)</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa_bus_37_suicide_bombing?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Haifa bus 37 suicide bombing">Haifa bus 37 suicide bombing (2003)</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Maxim_restaurant_suicide_bombing?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Maxim restaurant suicide bombing">Maxim restaurant suicide bombing (2003)</a></li> </ul> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(17)"> <h2 id="Twin_towns_–_sister_cities">Twin towns – sister cities</h2> </div> <section class="mf-section-17 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-17"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"> See also: <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/List_of_twin_towns_and_sister_cities_in_Israel?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="List of twin towns and sister cities in Israel">List of twin towns and sister cities in Israel</a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1246091330">.mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:22em;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.2em;text-align:center;line-height:1.4em;font-size:88%;border-collapse:collapse;display:table}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:table!important;float:right!important;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em!important}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-subgroup{width:100%;margin:0;border-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-left{float:left;clear:left;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-none{float:none;clear:both;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-outer-title{padding:0 0.4em 0.2em;font-size:125%;line-height:1.2em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-image{padding:0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-caption,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle-with-top-image,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-caption{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle{padding:0.4em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.2em 0.8em;font-size:145%;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-image{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-heading{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content{padding:0 0.5em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content-with-subgroup{padding:0.1em 0.4em 0.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-below{padding:0.3em 0.8em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-below{border-top:1px solid #aaa;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-navbar{text-align:right;font-size:115%;padding:0 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:left;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6em;font-size:105%}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title-c{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:center;margin:0 3.3em}@media(max-width:640px){body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style> Haifa is <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sister_city?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sister city">twinned</a> with:<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-196">[196]</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"> <div class="div-col" style="column-width: 21em;"> <ul> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/France?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="France"> <noscript> <img alt="France" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" data-alt="France" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Marseille?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Marseille">Marseille</a>, France (1962)</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/United_Kingdom?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="United Kingdom"> <noscript> <img alt="United Kingdom" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 12px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" data-alt="United Kingdom" data-width="23" data-height="12" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Portsmouth?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Portsmouth">Portsmouth</a>, United Kingdom (1962)</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/United_Kingdom?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="United Kingdom"> <noscript> <img alt="United Kingdom" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 12px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" data-alt="United Kingdom" data-width="23" data-height="12" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/London_Borough_of_Hackney?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="London Borough of Hackney">Hackney</a>, United Kingdom (1968)</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Philippines?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Philippines"> <noscript> <img alt="Philippines" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 12px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png" data-alt="Philippines" data-width="23" data-height="12" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Manila?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Manila">Manila</a>, Philippines (1971)</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/United_States?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="United States"> <noscript> <img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 12px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" data-alt="United States" data-width="23" data-height="12" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> San Francisco, United States (1973)</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Denmark?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Denmark"> <noscript> <img alt="Denmark" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/20px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="387"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 20px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/20px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png" data-alt="Denmark" data-width="20" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/31px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/40px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Aalborg_Municipality?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Aalborg Municipality">Aalborg</a>, Denmark (1973)</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/South_Africa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="South Africa"> <noscript> <img alt="South Africa" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/23px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/23px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png" data-alt="South Africa" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/35px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/45px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cape_Town?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cape Town">Cape Town</a>, South Africa (1975)</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Germany?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Germany"> <noscript> <img alt="Germany" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 14px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" data-alt="Germany" data-width="23" data-height="14" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bremen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bremen">Bremen</a>, Germany (1978)</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/United_Kingdom?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="United Kingdom"> <noscript> <img alt="United Kingdom" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 12px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" data-alt="United Kingdom" data-width="23" data-height="12" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Newcastle_upon_Tyne?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Newcastle upon Tyne">Newcastle upon Tyne</a>, United Kingdom (1979)</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Belgium?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Belgium"> <noscript> <img alt="Belgium" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png" data-alt="Belgium" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Antwerp?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Antwerp">Antwerp</a>, Belgium (1986)</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Germany?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Germany"> <noscript> <img alt="Germany" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 14px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" data-alt="Germany" data-width="23" data-height="14" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mainz?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mainz">Mainz</a>, Germany (1987)</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Germany?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Germany"> <noscript> <img alt="Germany" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 14px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" data-alt="Germany" data-width="23" data-height="14" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/D%C3%BCsseldorf?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Düsseldorf">Düsseldorf</a>, Germany (1988)</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Argentina?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Argentina"> <noscript> <img alt="Argentina" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/23px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="500"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 14px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/23px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png" data-alt="Argentina" data-width="23" data-height="14" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/35px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/46px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rosario,_Santa_Fe?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Rosario, Santa Fe">Rosario</a>, Argentina (1988)</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ukraine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ukraine"> <noscript> <img alt="Ukraine" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png" data-alt="Ukraine" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/45px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Odesa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Odesa">Odesa</a>, Ukraine (1992)</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/China?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="China"> <noscript> <img alt="China" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" data-alt="China" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> Shanghai, China (1994)</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cyprus?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cyprus"> <noscript> <img alt="Cyprus" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/23px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/23px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png" data-alt="Cyprus" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/35px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/45px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Limassol?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Limassol">Limassol</a>, Cyprus (2000)</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/United_States?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="United States"> <noscript> <img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 12px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" data-alt="United States" data-width="23" data-height="12" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fort_Lauderdale,_Florida?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Fort Lauderdale, Florida">Fort Lauderdale</a>, United States (2002)</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Germany?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Germany"> <noscript> <img alt="Germany" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 14px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" data-alt="Germany" data-width="23" data-height="14" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Erfurt?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Erfurt">Erfurt</a>, Germany (2005)</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Germany?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Germany"> <noscript> <img alt="Germany" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 14px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" data-alt="Germany" data-width="23" data-height="14" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mannheim?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mannheim">Mannheim</a>, Germany (2005)</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/China?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="China"> <noscript> <img alt="China" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" data-alt="China" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Shenzhen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Shenzhen">Shenzhen</a>, China (2012)</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/China?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="China"> <noscript> <img alt="China" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" data-alt="China" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Chengdu?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Chengdu">Chengdu</a>, China (2013)</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/China?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="China"> <noscript> <img alt="China" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" data-alt="China" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Shantou?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Shantou">Shantou</a>, China (2015)</li> </ul> </div> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(18)"> <h2 id="See_also">See also</h2> </div> <section class="mf-section-18 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-18"> <ul> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa_Pride?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Haifa Pride">Haifa Pride</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/List_of_people_from_Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="List of people from Haifa">List of people from Haifa</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikimania?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#2011" title="Wikimania">Wikimania 2011</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/List_of_clock_towers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="List of clock towers">List of clock towers</a> – Haifa has an Ottoman clock tower next to the El-Jarina Mosque and the Saraya (government house), inaugurated <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 1898-1900</li> </ul> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(19)"> <h2 id="References">References</h2> </div> <section class="mf-section-19 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-19"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style> <div 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a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.cbs.gov.il/en/settlements/Pages/default.aspx?mode%3DYeshuv">"Regional Statistics"</a>. 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Retrieved 6 December 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Haaretz&rft.atitle=U.S.+Checking+Possibility+of+Pumping+Oil+from+Northern+Iraq+to+Haifa%2C+via+Jordan&rft.aulast=Cohen&rft.aufirst=Amiram&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.haaretz.com%2Fhasen%2Fpages%2FShArt.jhtml%3FitemNo%3D332835%26contrassID%3D2%26subContrassID%3D1%26sbSubContrassID%3D0%26listSrc%3DY&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHaifa" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-pardes-9">^ <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-pardes_9-0">a</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-pardes_9-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCarmel2002" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Carmel, Alex (2002). The History of Haifa Under Turkish Rule (in Hebrew) (4th ed.). Haifa: Pardes. p. 14. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-965-7171-05-9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:BookSources/978-965-7171-05-9"><bdi>978-965-7171-05-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+History+of+Haifa+Under+Turkish+Rule&rft.place=Haifa&rft.pages=14&rft.edition=4th&rft.pub=Pardes&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-965-7171-05-9&rft.aulast=Carmel&rft.aufirst=Alex&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHaifa" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-10"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-10">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAmit-Kokhavi2006" class="citation journal cs1">Amit-Kokhavi, Hanah (2006). "Haifa—sea and mountain, Arab past and Jewish present, as reflected by four writers". Israel Studies. 2 (3): 142–167. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Doi_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://doi.org/10.1353%252Fis.2006.0025">10.1353/is.2006.0025</a>. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1084-9513">1084-9513</a>. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:201768025">201768025</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Israel+Studies&rft.atitle=Haifa%E2%80%94sea+and+mountain%2C+Arab+past+and+Jewish+present%2C+as+reflected+by+four+writers&rft.volume=2&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=142-167&rft.date=2006&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A201768025%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=1084-9513&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1353%2Fis.2006.0025&rft.aulast=Amit-Kokhavi&rft.aufirst=Hanah&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHaifa" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-MacMillan-11"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-MacMillan_11-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3D_hxHAAAAIAAJ%26q%3Dkhaifa%2Bcaiffa">Guide to Palestine and Syria: Macmillan's guides</a> (5th ed.). Macmillan and Company. 1910. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20210528161905/https://books.google.com/books?id%3D_hxHAAAAIAAJ%26q%3Dkhaifa%2Bcaiffa">Archived</a> from the original on 28 May 2021. Retrieved 2 July 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Guide+to+Palestine+and+Syria%3A+Macmillan%27s+guides&rft.edition=5th&rft.pub=Macmillan+and+Company&rft.date=1910&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D_hxHAAAAIAAJ%26q%3Dkhaifa%2Bcaiffa&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHaifa" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-Dumperp159-12">^ <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Dumperp159_12-0">a</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Dumperp159_12-1">b</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Dumperp159_12-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDumperStanley2007" class="citation book cs1">Dumper, Michael; Stanley, Bruce E. (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3D3SapTk5iGDkC%26pg%3DPA159">Cities of the Middle East and North Africa: a historical encyclopedia</a> (Illustrated ed.). ABC-CLIO. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-57607-919-5?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-57607-919-5"><bdi>978-1-57607-919-5</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20200803074834/https://books.google.com/books?id%3D3SapTk5iGDkC%26pg%3DPA159">Archived</a> from the original on 3 August 2020. Retrieved 2 July 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Cities+of+the+Middle+East+and+North+Africa%3A+a+historical+encyclopedia&rft.edition=Illustrated&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-1-57607-919-5&rft.aulast=Dumper&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft.au=Stanley%2C+Bruce+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D3SapTk5iGDkC%26pg%3DPA159&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHaifa" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-Sharon-13">^ <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Sharon_13-0">a</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Sharon_13-1">b</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Sharon_13-2">c</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Sharon_13-3">d</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Sharon_13-4">e</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Sharon_13-5">f</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Sharon_13-6">g</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSharonFondation_Max_van_Berchem2007" class="citation book cs1"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Moshe_Sharon?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Moshe Sharon">Sharon, Moshe</a>; Fondation Max van Berchem (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3D1d8xHcor0psC%26pg%3DPA99">Corpus Inscriptionum Arabicarum Palaestinae addendum: squeezes in the Max van Berchem collection (Palestine, Trans-Jordan, Northern Syria)</a> (Illustrated ed.). BRILL. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-04-15780-4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-04-15780-4"><bdi>978-90-04-15780-4</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20200803014841/https://books.google.com/books?id%3D1d8xHcor0psC%26pg%3DPA99">Archived</a> from the original on 3 August 2020. Retrieved 2 July 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Corpus+Inscriptionum+Arabicarum+Palaestinae+addendum%3A+squeezes+in+the+Max+van+Berchem+collection+%28Palestine%2C+Trans-Jordan%2C+Northern+Syria%29&rft.edition=Illustrated&rft.pub=BRILL&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-90-04-15780-4&rft.aulast=Sharon&rft.aufirst=Moshe&rft.au=Fondation+Max+van+Berchem&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D1d8xHcor0psC%26pg%3DPA99&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHaifa" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-PEF1875-14">^ <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-PEF1875_14-0">a</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-PEF1875_14-1">b</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-PEF1875_14-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://archive.org/stream/quarterlystateme07pale/quarterlystateme07pale_djvu.txt">"Quarterly Statement – Palestine Exploration Fund"</a>. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Palestine_Exploration_Fund?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Palestine Exploration Fund">Palestine Exploration Fund</a>. 1876. Retrieved 2 July 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Quarterly+Statement+%E2%80%93+Palestine+Exploration+Fund&rft.pub=Palestine+Exploration+Fund&rft.date=1876&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fstream%2Fquarterlystateme07pale%2Fquarterlystateme07pale_djvu.txt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHaifa" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-15"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-15">^</a> Onom. 108, 31</li> <li id="cite_note-Negev-16"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Negev_16-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNegevGibson2005" class="citation book cs1">Negev, Avraham; Gibson, Shimon (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3D27nq65cZUIgC%26pg%3DPA213">Archaeological encyclopedia of the Holy Land</a> (4th, revised, illustrated ed.). Continuum International Publishing Group. pp. 213–214. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8264-8571-7?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8264-8571-7"><bdi>978-0-8264-8571-7</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20200802231716/https://books.google.com/books?id%3D27nq65cZUIgC%26pg%3DPA213">Archived</a> from the original on 2 August 2020. Retrieved 31 May 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Archaeological+encyclopedia+of+the+Holy+Land&rft.pages=213-214&rft.edition=4th%2C+revised%2C+illustrated&rft.pub=Continuum+International+Publishing+Group&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-8264-8571-7&rft.aulast=Negev&rft.aufirst=Avraham&rft.au=Gibson%2C+Shimon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D27nq65cZUIgC%26pg%3DPA213&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHaifa" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-Strange-17">^ <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Strange_17-0">a</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Strange_17-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFle_Strange1890" class="citation book cs1">le Strange, Guy (1890). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://archive.org/stream/palestineundermo00lestuoft/palestineundermo00lestuoft_djvu.txt">Palestine Under the Moslems: A Description of Syria and the Holy Land from A.D. 650 to 1500</a>. Committee of the Palestine Exploration Fund. p. 446. Retrieved 26 July 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Palestine+Under+the+Moslems%3A+A+Description+of+Syria+and+the+Holy+Land+from+A.D.+650+to+1500&rft.pages=446&rft.pub=Committee+of+the+Palestine+Exploration+Fund&rft.date=1890&rft.aulast=le+Strange&rft.aufirst=Guy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fstream%2Fpalestineundermo00lestuoft%2Fpalestineundermo00lestuoft_djvu.txt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHaifa" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-18"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-18">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNasir-i-Khusrau1897" class="citation book cs1"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nasir_Khusraw?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Nasir Khusraw">Nasir-i-Khusrau</a> (1897). <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Guy_Le_Strange?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Guy Le Strange">Le Strange, Guy</a> (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://archive.org/details/cu31924028534281">Vol IV. A journey through Syria and Palestine. By Nasir-i-Khusrau [1047 A.D.]. The pilgrimage of Saewulf to Jerusalem. The pilgrimage of the Russian abbot Daniel</a>. Translated by Guy Le Strange. London: <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Palestine_Pilgrims%27_Text_Society?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Palestine Pilgrims' Text Society">Palestine Pilgrims' Text Society</a>. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://archive.org/stream/cu31924028534281%23page/n48/mode/1up">19</a>-<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://archive.org/details/cu31924028534281/page/n49/mode/1up?view%3Dtheater">20</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Vol+IV.+A+journey+through+Syria+and+Palestine.+By+Nasir-i-Khusrau+%5B1047+A.D.%5D.+The+pilgrimage+of+Saewulf+to+Jerusalem.+The+pilgrimage+of+the+Russian+abbot+Daniel.&rft.place=London&rft.pages=19-20&rft.pub=Palestine+Pilgrims%27+Text+Society&rft.date=1897&rft.au=Nasir-i-Khusrau&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcu31924028534281&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHaifa" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-Rodgersp194-19"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Rodgersp194_19-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFreyneRodgersDaly-DentonFitzpatrick-McKinley2009" class="citation book cs1">Freyne, Seán; Rodgers, Zuleika; Daly-Denton, Margaret; Fitzpatrick-McKinley, Anne (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3D5I8zfmwEjjUC%26pg%3DPA194">A wandering Galilean: essays in honour of Seán Freyne</a>. BRILL. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-04-17355-2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-04-17355-2"><bdi>978-90-04-17355-2</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20200803014708/https://books.google.com/books?id%3D5I8zfmwEjjUC%26pg%3DPA194">Archived</a> from the original on 3 August 2020. Retrieved 2 July 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+wandering+Galilean%3A+essays+in+honour+of+Se%C3%A1n+Freyne&rft.pub=BRILL&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-90-04-17355-2&rft.aulast=Freyne&rft.aufirst=Se%C3%A1n&rft.au=Rodgers%2C+Zuleika&rft.au=Daly-Denton%2C+Margaret&rft.au=Fitzpatrick-McKinley%2C+Anne&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D5I8zfmwEjjUC%26pg%3DPA194&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHaifa" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-Seikalyp15-20">^ <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Seikalyp15_20-0">a</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Seikalyp15_20-1">b</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Seikalyp15_20-2">c</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Seikalyp15_20-3">d</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Seikalyp15_20-4">e</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSeikaly2002" class="citation book cs1">Seikaly, May (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3DXO4ECBQfh2oC%26pg%3DPA65">Haifa: Transformation of an Arab Society 1918–1939</a> (Illustrated, reprint ed.). I.B. Tauris. p. 15. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-86064-556-3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-86064-556-3"><bdi>978-1-86064-556-3</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20200803011437/https://books.google.com/books?id%3DXO4ECBQfh2oC%26pg%3DPA65">Archived</a> from the original on 3 August 2020. Retrieved 2 July 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Haifa%3A+Transformation+of+an+Arab+Society+1918%E2%80%931939&rft.pages=15&rft.edition=Illustrated%2C+reprint&rft.pub=I.B.+Tauris&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-1-86064-556-3&rft.aulast=Seikaly&rft.aufirst=May&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DXO4ECBQfh2oC%26pg%3DPA65&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHaifa" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESeikaly200265-21"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESeikaly200265_21-0">^</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFSeikaly2002">Seikaly 2002</a>, p. 65.</li> <li id="cite_note-kings-22">^ <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-kings_22-0">a</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-kings_22-1">b</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt09a19.htm%239">1 Kings 19:9</a></li> <li id="cite_note-23"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-23">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1E1-Kishon.html">"Kishon"</a>. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Encyclopedia.com?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Encyclopedia.com">Encyclopedia.com</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20080219072600/http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1E1-Kishon.html">Archived</a> from the original on 19 February 2008. Retrieved 20 March 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Kishon&rft.pub=Encyclopedia.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.encyclopedia.com%2Fdoc%2F1E1-Kishon.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHaifa" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-24"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-24">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://archive.today/20130615220103/http://www.triptern.com/guide/haifa-Cave-of-Elijah">"Trip Tern | Cave of Elijah, Haifa"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.triptern.com/guide/haifa-Cave-of-Elijah">the original</a> on 15 June 2013. Retrieved 11 April 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Trip+Tern+%26%23124%3B+Cave+of+Elijah%2C+Haifa&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.triptern.com%2Fguide%2Fhaifa-Cave-of-Elijah&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHaifa" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-25"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-25">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://bahai-library.com/ullian_israel_haifa">"Book Excerpt: Frommer's Guide to Israel, "Haifa""</a>. Bahai-library.com. 21 April 1948. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20111018182422/http://bahai-library.com/ullian_israel_haifa">Archived</a> from the original on 18 October 2011. Retrieved 5 May 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Book+Excerpt%3A+Frommer%27s+Guide+to+Israel%2C+%22Haifa%22&rft.pub=Bahai-library.com&rft.date=1948-04-21&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbahai-library.com%2Fullian_israel_haifa&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHaifa" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-26"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-26">^</a> Haifa, The Guide to Israel, Zev Vilnay, Jerusalem, 1970, p.382</li> <li id="cite_note-27"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-27">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20080226230016/http://mushecht.haifa.ac.il/hecht/abstract/15e/Abstracts.pdf">"Two Tombstones from Zoar in the Hecht Museum Collection"</a> (PDF). Haifa University. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://mushecht.haifa.ac.il/hecht/abstract/15e/Abstracts.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 26 February 2008. Retrieved 25 January 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Two+Tombstones+from+Zoar+in+the+Hecht+Museum+Collection&rft.pub=Haifa+University&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmushecht.haifa.ac.il%2Fhecht%2Fabstract%2F15e%2FAbstracts.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHaifa" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-28"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-28">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20151216125342/http://www1.haifa.muni.il/aliya/pagesForPrint.aspx?pageName%3DHistory">"Haifa Municipality – Aliya Web Site – Print Version"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www1.haifa.muni.il/aliya/pagesForPrint.aspx?pageName%3DHistory">the original</a> on 16 December 2015. Retrieved 6 April 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Haifa+Municipality+%E2%80%93+Aliya+Web+Site+%E2%80%93+Print+Version&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww1.haifa.muni.il%2Faliya%2FpagesForPrint.aspx%3FpageName%3DHistory&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHaifa" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-JVL-29">^ <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-JVL_29-0">a</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-JVL_29-1">b</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-JVL_29-2">c</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-JVL_29-3">d</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/vie/viehaifa.html">"Haifa"</a>. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jewish_Virtual_Library?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Jewish Virtual Library">Jewish Virtual Library</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20071210162145/http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/vie/viehaifa.html">Archived</a> from the original on 10 December 2007. Retrieved 20 January 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Haifa&rft.btitle=Jewish+Virtual+Library&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jewishvirtuallibrary.org%2Fjsource%2Fvie%2Fviehaifa.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHaifa" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-jsource2-30">^ <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-jsource2_30-0">a</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-jsource2_30-1">b</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-jsource2_30-2">c</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-jsource2_30-3">d</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-jsource2_30-4">e</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-jsource2_30-5">f</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/history-and-overview-of-haifa">"History & Overview of Haifa"</a>. www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20200701175819/https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/history-and-overview-of-haifa">Archived</a> from the original on 1 July 2020. Retrieved 20 August 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org&rft.atitle=History+%26+Overview+of+Haifa&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jewishvirtuallibrary.org%2Fhistory-and-overview-of-haifa&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHaifa" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-31"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-31">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNegevGibson2005" class="citation book cs1">Negev, Avraham; Gibson, Shimon (1 July 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3D27nq65cZUIgC%26pg%3DPA213">Archaeological encyclopedia of the Holy Land</a> (4th, revised, illustrated ed.). Continuum International Publishing Group. p. 213. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8264-8571-7?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8264-8571-7"><bdi>978-0-8264-8571-7</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20200802231716/https://books.google.com/books?id%3D27nq65cZUIgC%26pg%3DPA213">Archived</a> from the original on 2 August 2020. Retrieved 31 May 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Archaeological+encyclopedia+of+the+Holy+Land&rft.pages=213&rft.edition=4th%2C+revised%2C+illustrated&rft.pub=Continuum+International+Publishing+Group&rft.date=2005-07-01&rft.isbn=978-0-8264-8571-7&rft.aulast=Negev&rft.aufirst=Avraham&rft.au=Gibson%2C+Shimon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D27nq65cZUIgC%26pg%3DPA213&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHaifa" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-Grabois-32">^ <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Grabois_32-0">a</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Grabois_32-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGrabois1985" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Grabois, Aryeh (March 1985). Shiller, Eli; Ben-Artzi, Yossi (eds.). "Haifa and Its Settlement in the Middle Ages". Ariel: Haifa and Its Sites (in Hebrew) (37–39): 48–49.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ariel%3A+Haifa+and+Its+Sites&rft.atitle=Haifa+and+Its+Settlement+in+the+Middle+Ages&rft.issue=37%E2%80%9339&rft.pages=48-49&rft.date=1985-03&rft.aulast=Grabois&rft.aufirst=Aryeh&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHaifa" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-AlCarmel-33">^ <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-AlCarmel_33-0">a</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-AlCarmel_33-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCarmel2002" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Carmel, Alex (2002). The History of Haifa Under Turkish Rule (in Hebrew) (4th ed.). Haifa: Pardes. p. 17. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-965-7171-05-9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:BookSources/978-965-7171-05-9"><bdi>978-965-7171-05-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+History+of+Haifa+Under+Turkish+Rule&rft.place=Haifa&rft.pages=17&rft.edition=4th&rft.pub=Pardes&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-965-7171-05-9&rft.aulast=Carmel&rft.aufirst=Alex&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHaifa" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-634to1099-34"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-634to1099_34-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGil1992" class="citation book cs1">Gil, Moshe (1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3DtSM4AAAAIAAJ%26pg%3DPA829">A History of Palestine, 634-1099</a>. Cambridge University Press. p. 829. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-40437-2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-40437-2"><bdi>978-0-521-40437-2</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20200803011751/https://books.google.com/books?id%3DtSM4AAAAIAAJ%26pg%3DPA829">Archived</a> from the original on 3 August 2020. Retrieved 17 May 2015. <q>Haifa was taken [...] in August 1100 or June 1101, according to Muslim sources which contradict one another. Albert of Aachen does not mention the date in a clear manner either. From what he says, it appears that it was mainly the Jewish inhabitants of the city who defended the fortress of Haifa. In his rather strange Latin style, he mentions that there was a Jewish population in Haifa, and that they fought bravely on the walls of the city. He explains that the Jews there were protected people of the Muslims (the Fatimids). They fought side by side with units of the Fatimid army, striking back at Tancred's army from above the walls of the citadel (... Judaei civis comixtis Sarracenorum turmis) until the Crusaders overcame them and they were forced to abandon the walls. The Muslims and the Jews then managed to escape from the fortress with their lives, while the rest of the population fled the city en masse. Whoever remained was slaughtered, and huge quantities of spoils were taken. [...] [Note #3: Albert of Aachen (Albericus, Albertus Aquensis), Historia Hierosolymitanae Expeditionis, in: <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Recueil_des_historiens_des_croisades?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Recueil des historiens des croisades">RHC</a> (Occ.), IV. p. 523; etc.]</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+Palestine%2C+634-1099&rft.pages=829&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=978-0-521-40437-2&rft.aulast=Gil&rft.aufirst=Moshe&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DtSM4AAAAIAAJ%26pg%3DPA829&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHaifa" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELane-Poole1906219-35"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELane-Poole1906219_35-0">^</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFLane-Poole1906">Lane-Poole 1906</a>, p. 219.</li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELane-Poole1906309-36"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELane-Poole1906309_36-0">^</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFLane-Poole1906">Lane-Poole 1906</a>, p. 309.</li> <li id="cite_note-37"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-37">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20130510031519/http://www.carmelite.org.uk/History.html">"Origins of the Carmelites"</a>. Carmelite.org.uk. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.carmelite.org.uk/History.html">the original</a> on 10 May 2013. Retrieved 20 March 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Origins+of+the+Carmelites&rft.pub=Carmelite.org.uk&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.carmelite.org.uk%2FHistory.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHaifa" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-Frommers-38"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Frommers_38-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.frommers.com/destinations/haifa/A36285.html">"Stella Maris Lighthouse, Church and Carmelite Monastery"</a>. Frommers. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20080326201914/http://www.frommers.com/destinations/haifa/A36285.html">Archived</a> from the original on 26 March 2008. Retrieved 11 April 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Stella+Maris+Lighthouse%2C+Church+and+Carmelite+Monastery&rft.pub=Frommers&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.frommers.com%2Fdestinations%2Fhaifa%2FA36285.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHaifa" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-byz-39"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-byz_39-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.tour-haifa.co.il/eng/modules/article/view.article.php/40/c2">"Haifa in the Middle Ages"</a>. Tour-Haifa.co.il. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20080415121923/http://www.tour-haifa.co.il/eng/modules/article/view.article.php/40/c2">Archived</a> from the original on 15 April 2008. Retrieved 15 February 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Haifa+in+the+Middle+Ages&rft.pub=Tour-Haifa.co.il&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tour-haifa.co.il%2Feng%2Fmodules%2Farticle%2Fview.article.php%2F40%2Fc2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHaifa" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-40"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-40">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHütterothAbdulfattah1977" class="citation book cs1"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wolf-Dieter_H%C3%BCtteroth?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wolf-Dieter Hütteroth">Hütteroth, W.-D.</a>; <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kamal_Abdulfattah?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kamal Abdulfattah">Abdulfattah, K.</a> (1977). Historical Geography of Palestine, Transjordan and Southern Syria in the Late 16th Century. Erlanger Geographische Arbeiten, Sonderband 5. Erlangen, Germany: Vorstand der Fränkischen Geographischen Gesellschaft. p. 158.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Historical+Geography+of+Palestine%2C+Transjordan+and+Southern+Syria+in+the+Late+16th+Century&rft.pages=158&rft.pub=Erlanger+Geographische+Arbeiten%2C+Sonderband+5.+Erlangen%2C+Germany%3A+Vorstand+der+Fr%C3%A4nkischen+Geographischen+Gesellschaft&rft.date=1977&rft.aulast=H%C3%BCtteroth&rft.aufirst=W.-D.&rft.au=Abdulfattah%2C+K.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHaifa" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-Hohlfelderp42-41"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Hohlfelderp42_41-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHohlfelder1988" class="citation book cs1">Hohlfelder, Robert L. (1988). Irad Malkin; Robert L. Hohlfelder (eds.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3DCZt8xkmEwVwC%26pg%3DPA42">Mediterranean cities: historical perspectives</a> (Illustrated, annotated, reprint ed.). Routledge. p. 42. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7146-3353-4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7146-3353-4"><bdi>978-0-7146-3353-4</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20200803000733/https://books.google.com/books?id%3DCZt8xkmEwVwC%26pg%3DPA42">Archived</a> from the original on 3 August 2020. Retrieved 2 July 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mediterranean+cities%3A+historical+perspectives&rft.pages=42&rft.edition=Illustrated%2C+annotated%2C+reprint&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=1988&rft.isbn=978-0-7146-3353-4&rft.aulast=Hohlfelder&rft.aufirst=Robert+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DCZt8xkmEwVwC%26pg%3DPA42&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHaifa" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-42"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-42">^</a> Haifa in the Late Ottoman Period, 1864–1914: A Muslim Town in Transition By Mahmud Yazbak BRILL, 1998, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-04-11051-9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-04-11051-9">978-90-04-11051-9</a> p 14</li> <li id="cite_note-43"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-43">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSharon2013" class="citation book cs1"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Moshe_Sharon?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Moshe Sharon">Sharon, Moshe</a> (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3DX1uNAgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA263">Corpus Inscriptionum Arabicarum Palaestinae: H-I</a>. Vol. 5. BRILL. p. 262. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-04-25481-7?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-04-25481-7"><bdi>978-90-04-25481-7</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20200803025047/https://books.google.com/books?id%3DX1uNAgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA263">Archived</a> from the original on 3 August 2020. Retrieved 25 June 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Corpus+Inscriptionum+Arabicarum+Palaestinae%3A+H-I&rft.pages=262&rft.pub=BRILL&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-90-04-25481-7&rft.aulast=Sharon&rft.aufirst=Moshe&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DX1uNAgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA263&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHaifa" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-44"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-44">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.tour-haifa.co.il/eng/modules/article/view.article.php/37/c2">"Haifa during the British Mandate Period"</a>. Tour-Haifa.co.il. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20080415121907/http://www.tour-haifa.co.il/eng/modules/article/view.article.php/37/c2">Archived</a> from the original on 15 April 2008. Retrieved 15 February 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Haifa+during+the+British+Mandate+Period&rft.pub=Tour-Haifa.co.il&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tour-haifa.co.il%2Feng%2Fmodules%2Farticle%2Fview.article.php%2F37%2Fc2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHaifa" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-modern-45">^ <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-modern_45-0">a</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-modern_45-1">b</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-modern_45-2">c</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-modern_45-3">d</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-modern_45-4">e</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.tour-haifa.co.il/eng/modules/article/view.article.php/38/c2">"Modern Haifa"</a>. Tour-Haifa.co.il. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20080415121913/http://www.tour-haifa.co.il/eng/modules/article/view.article.php/38/c2">Archived</a> from the original on 15 April 2008. Retrieved 15 February 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Modern+Haifa&rft.pub=Tour-Haifa.co.il&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tour-haifa.co.il%2Feng%2Fmodules%2Farticle%2Fview.article.php%2F38%2Fc2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHaifa" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-46"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-46">^</a> Carmel, Alex: Ottoman Haifa: A History of Four Centuries under Turkish Rule (2010)</li> <li id="cite_note-47"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-47">^</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Encyclopaedia_Judaica?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Encyclopaedia Judaica">Encyclopedia Judaica</a>, Haifa, Keter Publishing, Jerusalem, 1972, vol. 7, p. 1137.</li> <li id="cite_note-48"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-48">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20070701120321/http://schumacher.haifa.ac.il/templers.htm">"Templers"</a>. University of Haifa. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://schumacher.haifa.ac.il/templers.htm">the original</a> on 1 July 2007. Retrieved 27 January 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Templers&rft.pub=University+of+Haifa&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fschumacher.haifa.ac.il%2Ftemplers.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHaifa" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-History-49"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-History_49-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGaon" class="citation web cs1">Gaon, Moshe David. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.hebrewbooks.org/36725">"The History of the Sephardi Jews in Israel"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20200808044114/https://www.hebrewbooks.org/36725">Archived</a> from the original on 8 August 2020. Retrieved 22 May 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+History+of+the+Sephardi+Jews+in+Israel&rft.aulast=Gaon&rft.aufirst=Moshe+David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hebrewbooks.org%2F36725&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHaifa" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-50"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-50">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYazbakYazbak1998" class="citation book cs1">Yazbak, Mahmoud; Yazbak, Maḥmūd (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3DDPseCvbPsKsC%26pg%3DPA107">Haifa in the Late Ottoman Period, 1864–1914: A Muslim Town in Transition</a>. BRILL. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-04-11051-9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-04-11051-9"><bdi>978-90-04-11051-9</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20210528161938/https://books.google.com/books?id%3DDPseCvbPsKsC%26pg%3DPA107">Archived</a> from the original on 28 May 2021. Retrieved 11 November 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Haifa+in+the+Late+Ottoman+Period%2C+1864%E2%80%931914%3A+A+Muslim+Town+in+Transition&rft.pub=BRILL&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-90-04-11051-9&rft.aulast=Yazbak&rft.aufirst=Mahmoud&rft.au=Yazbak%2C+Ma%E1%B8%A5m%C5%ABd&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DDPseCvbPsKsC%26pg%3DPA107&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHaifa" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-51"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-51">^</a> Oliphant, Laurence. (1886) Haifa, or Life in Modern Palestine. Adamant Media Corporation, pp. 11–12</li> <li id="cite_note-52"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-52">^</a> Carmel, Alex: Ottoman Haifa: A History of Four Centuries under Turkish Rule</li> <li id="cite_note-53"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-53">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDevineSummerfield2013" class="citation book cs1">Devine, Mary Elizabeth; Summerfield, Carol (2 December 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3DtntEAgAAQBAJ%26dq%3D1912,%2Bconstruction%2Bbegan%2Bon%2Bthe%2BTechnion%2BInstitute%2Bof%2BTechnology,%26pg%3DPA391">International Dictionary of University Histories</a>. Routledge. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-134-26217-5?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-134-26217-5"><bdi>978-1-134-26217-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=International+Dictionary+of+University+Histories&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2013-12-02&rft.isbn=978-1-134-26217-5&rft.aulast=Devine&rft.aufirst=Mary+Elizabeth&rft.au=Summerfield%2C+Carol&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DtntEAgAAQBAJ%26dq%3D1912%2C%2Bconstruction%2Bbegan%2Bon%2Bthe%2BTechnion%2BInstitute%2Bof%2BTechnology%2C%26pg%3DPA391&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHaifa" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-54"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-54">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://news.bahai.org/story/252">"Golden anniversary of the Queen of Carmel"</a>. Baháʼí World News Service. 12 October 2003. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20070526195914/http://news.bahai.org/story/252">Archived</a> from the original on 26 May 2007. Retrieved 12 May 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Golden+anniversary+of+the+Queen+of+Carmel&rft.date=2003-10-12&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bahai.org%2Fstory%2F252&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHaifa" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-India-55">^ <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-India_55-0">a</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-India_55-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEyadat2010" class="citation web cs1">Eyadat, Fadi (24 September 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.haaretz.com/print-edition/news/on-haifa-day-india-salutes-wwi-troops-1.315380">"On Haifa Day India salutes World War I troops"</a>. Haaretz. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20121102100519/http://www.haaretz.com/print-edition/news/on-haifa-day-india-salutes-wwi-troops-1.315380">Archived</a> from the original on 2 November 2012. Retrieved 24 March 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Haaretz&rft.atitle=On+Haifa+Day+India+salutes+World+War+I+troops&rft.date=2010-09-24&rft.aulast=Eyadat&rft.aufirst=Fadi&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.haaretz.com%2Fprint-edition%2Fnews%2Fon-haifa-day-india-salutes-wwi-troops-1.315380&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHaifa" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-56"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-56">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMichael_DumperBruce_E._Stanley2007" class="citation book cs1">Michael Dumper; Bruce E. Stanley (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3D3SapTk5iGDkC%26pg%3DPA161">Cities of the Middle East and North Africa: A Historical Encyclopedia</a>. ABC-CLIO. pp. 161–. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-57607-919-5?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-57607-919-5"><bdi>978-1-57607-919-5</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20200803001340/https://books.google.com/books?id%3D3SapTk5iGDkC%26pg%3DPA161">Archived</a> from the original on 3 August 2020. Retrieved 1 July 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Cities+of+the+Middle+East+and+North+Africa%3A+A+Historical+Encyclopedia&rft.pages=161-&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-1-57607-919-5&rft.au=Michael+Dumper&rft.au=Bruce+E.+Stanley&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D3SapTk5iGDkC%26pg%3DPA161&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHaifa" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-57"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-57">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.homestead.com/watsongregory/files/knighthood.html">"Knighthood — Sir ʻAbdu'l-Bahá ʻAbbas Effendi"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20071018154241/http://www.homestead.com/watsongregory/files/knighthood.html">Archived</a> from the original on 18 October 2007. Retrieved 17 October 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Knighthood+%E2%80%94+Sir+%CA%BBAbdu%27l-Bah%C3%A1+%CA%BBAbbas+Effendi&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.homestead.com%2Fwatsongregory%2Ffiles%2Fknighthood.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHaifa" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-58"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-58">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.upliftingwords.org/bahai-faith-articles/abdul-baha-the-master">"ʻAbdu'l-Baha"</a>. Uplifting Words. 26 December 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20181226232742/https://www.upliftingwords.org/bahai-faith-articles/abdul-baha-the-master">Archived</a> from the original on 26 December 2018. Retrieved 26 December 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%CA%BBAbdu%27l-Baha&rft.pub=Uplifting+Words&rft.date=2018-12-26&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.upliftingwords.org%2Fbahai-faith-articles%2Fabdul-baha-the-master&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHaifa" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-Schulze98-59">^ <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Schulze98_59-0">a</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Schulze98_59-1">b</a> Reinhard Schulze. A modern history of the Islamic world. p.98.</li> <li id="cite_note-60"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-60">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://archive.org/details/PalestineCensus1922">Palestine Census ( 1922)</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Palestine+Census+%28+1922%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2FPalestineCensus1922&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHaifa" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-61"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-61">^</a> Bosworth, C. Edmund: Historic Cities of the Islamic World</li> <li id="cite_note-Census1922-62"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Census1922_62-0">^</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFBarron1923">Barron 1923</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://archive.org/stream/PalestineCensus1922/Palestine%2520Census%2520%25281922%2529%23page/n8/mode/1up">10</a></li> <li id="cite_note-63"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-63">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://archive.org/details/palestine-census-1931">Palestine Census 1931</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Palestine+Census+1931&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fpalestine-census-1931&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHaifa" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-64"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-64">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBarron1923" class="citation book cs1">Barron, J. B., ed. (1923). Palestine: Report and General Abstracts of the Census of 1922. Government of Palestine. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://archive.org/stream/PalestineCensus1922/Palestine%2520Census%2520%25281922%2529%23page/n35/mode/1up">Table XI </a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Palestine%3A+Report+and+General+Abstracts+of+the+Census+of+1922&rft.pages=Table+XI+&rft.pub=Government+of+Palestine&rft.date=1923&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHaifa" class="Z3988">; <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFE._Mills1932" class="citation book cs1">E. Mills, ed. (1932). Census of Palestine 1931. Population of Villages, Towns and Administrative Areas. Jerusalem: Government of Palestine. p. 91.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Census+of+Palestine+1931.+Population+of+Villages%2C+Towns+and+Administrative+Areas&rft.place=Jerusalem&rft.pages=91&rft.pub=Government+of+Palestine&rft.date=1932&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHaifa" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESeikaly200251-65"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESeikaly200251_65-0">^</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFSeikaly2002">Seikaly 2002</a>, p. 51.</li> <li id="cite_note-66"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-66">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://users.cecs.anu.edu.au/~bdm/yabber/census/VillageStatistics1938orig.pdf">Village Statistics</a> (PDF). 1938. p. 24.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Village+Statistics&rft.pages=24&rft.date=1938&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fusers.cecs.anu.edu.au%2F~bdm%2Fyabber%2Fcensus%2FVillageStatistics1938orig.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHaifa" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-67"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-67">^</a> Shamir, Ronen (2013) Current Flow: The Electrification of Palestine. Stanford: Stanford University Press</li> <li id="cite_note-68"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-68">^</a> Supplement to a Survey of Palestine (p. 12–13) which was prepared by the British Mandate for <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/United_Nations?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="United Nations">the United Nations</a> in 1946–47.</li> <li id="cite_note-69"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-69">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20131012143611/http://www1.haifa.muni.il/aliya/pages.aspx?pageName%3DHistory">"Haifa Municipality – Aliya Web Site"</a>. .haifa.muni.il. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www1.haifa.muni.il/aliya/pages.aspx?pageName%3DHistory">the original</a> on 12 October 2013. Retrieved 13 October 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Haifa+Municipality+%E2%80%93+Aliya+Web+Site&rft.pub=.haifa.muni.il&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww1.haifa.muni.il%2Faliya%2Fpages.aspx%3FpageName%3DHistory&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHaifa" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-70"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-70">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://users.cecs.anu.edu.au/~bdm/yabber/census/VillageStatistics1945orig.pdf">Village Statistics</a> (PDF). 1945. p. 13.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Village+Statistics&rft.pages=13&rft.date=1945&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fusers.cecs.anu.edu.au%2F~bdm%2Fyabber%2Fcensus%2FVillageStatistics1945orig.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHaifa" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-71"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-71">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.palestineremembered.com/Acre/Maps/Story574.html">Supplement to a Survey of Palestine</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20140814220537/http://www.palestineremembered.com/Acre/Maps/Story574.html">Archived</a> from the original on 14 August 2014. Retrieved 11 April 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Supplement+to+a+Survey+of+Palestine&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.palestineremembered.com%2FAcre%2FMaps%2FStory574.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHaifa" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-72"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-72">^</a> Palestine Post, many issues December 1947.</li> <li id="cite_note-73"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-73">^</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Yoav_Gelber?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Yoav Gelber">Yoav Gelber</a>, Independence Versus Nakba; Kinneret–Zmora-Bitan–Dvir Publishing, 2004, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-965-517-190-7?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:BookSources/978-965-517-190-7">978-965-517-190-7</a>, pp.136–137</li> <li id="cite_note-74"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-74">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPappé1999" class="citation cs2"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ilan_Papp%C3%A9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ilan Pappé">Pappé, Ilan</a> (1999), The Israel/Palestine Question, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Routledge?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Routledge">Routledge</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-415-16947-9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-415-16947-9"><bdi>978-0-415-16947-9</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Israel%2FPalestine+Question&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-0-415-16947-9&rft.aulast=Papp%C3%A9&rft.aufirst=Ilan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHaifa" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-75"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-75">^</a> Benny Morris, The Birth of the Palestinian Refugee Problem Revisited, p101.</li> <li id="cite_note-76"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-76">^</a> Pappe, Ilan. The Ethnic Cleansing of Palestine, p. 95</li> <li id="cite_note-77"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-77">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEugene_Rogan2012" class="citation book cs1">Eugene Rogan (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3DLILdBDrm-ksC%26q%3Deugene%2Brogan%2Bhistory%2Bof%2Barabs">The Arabs: A History – Third Edition</a>. Penguin. p. 330. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780718196837?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:BookSources/9780718196837"><bdi>9780718196837</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Arabs%3A+A+History+%E2%80%93+Third+Edition&rft.pages=330&rft.pub=Penguin&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=9780718196837&rft.au=Eugene+Rogan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DLILdBDrm-ksC%26q%3Deugene%2Brogan%2Bhistory%2Bof%2Barabs&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHaifa" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-78"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-78">^</a> Pappé, Ilan (1992). The Making of the Arab Israeli Conflict 1947–1951. I B Tauris, p.72 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-85043-819-9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-85043-819-9">978-1-85043-819-9</a></li> <li id="cite_note-79"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-79">^</a> Morris, Benny (2001). "Revisiting the Palestinian exodus of 1948", in The War for Palestine: Rewriting the History of 1948 (pp. 37–59). Cambridge: <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cambridge University Press">Cambridge University Press</a>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-79476-3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-79476-3">978-0-521-79476-3</a></li> <li id="cite_note-80"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-80">^</a> Pappe, Ilan. The Ethnic Cleansing of Palestine, p. 96, citing Zadok Eshel, "The Carmeli Brigade in the War of Independence", p. 147.</li> <li id="cite_note-81"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-81">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEugene_Rogan2012" class="citation book cs1">Eugene Rogan (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3DLILdBDrm-ksC%26q%3Deugene%2Brogan%2Bhistory%2Bof%2Barabs">The Arabs: A History – Third Edition</a>. Penguin. p. 330. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780718196837?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:BookSources/9780718196837"><bdi>9780718196837</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Arabs%3A+A+History+%E2%80%93+Third+Edition&rft.pages=330&rft.pub=Penguin&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=9780718196837&rft.au=Eugene+Rogan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DLILdBDrm-ksC%26q%3Deugene%2Brogan%2Bhistory%2Bof%2Barabs&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHaifa" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-Refugee-82"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Refugee_82-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.mideastweb.org/refugees1.htm">"The Palestine Refugee Problem"</a>. Mideastweb.org. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20090501153754/http://www.mideastweb.org/refugees1.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 1 May 2009. Retrieved 5 May 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Palestine+Refugee+Problem&rft.pub=Mideastweb.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mideastweb.org%2Frefugees1.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHaifa" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-83"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-83">^</a> Morris, Benny (1987), The Birth of the Palestinian Refugee Problem, 1947–1949. Cambridge University Press. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-33028-2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-33028-2">978-0-521-33028-2</a>. Page 315. Quoting CP v/4/102, Stockwell Report. He comments: "Nor is there any evidence that a "massacre" took place in the town."</li> <li id="cite_note-autogenerated4-84"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-autogenerated4_84-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.tour-haifa.co.il/eng/modules/article/view.article.php/36/c2">"History since Independence"</a>. Haifa Municipality. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20081212183755/http://www.tour-haifa.co.il/eng/modules/article/view.article.php/36/c2">Archived</a> from the original on 12 December 2008. Retrieved 9 April 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=History+since+Independence&rft.pub=Haifa+Municipality&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tour-haifa.co.il%2Feng%2Fmodules%2Farticle%2Fview.article.php%2F36%2Fc2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHaifa" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-85"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-85">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20200808024256/https://www.haaretz.com/hasen/pages/ShArtStEngPE.jhtml?itemNo%3D1099078%26contrassID%3D2%26subContrassID%3D15%26title%3D%2527The%2520Makings%2520of%2520History%2520%252F%2520So%2520much%2520for%2520the%2520melting%2520pot%2520%2527%26dyn_server%3D172.20.5.5">"So much for the melting pot, Tom Segev"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.haaretz.com/hasen/pages/ShArtStEngPE.jhtml?itemNo%3D1099078%26contrassID%3D2%26subContrassID%3D15%26title%3D%2527The%2520Makings%2520of%2520History%2520%252F%2520So%2520much%2520for%2520the%2520melting%2520pot%2520%2527%26dyn_server%3D172.20.5.5">the original</a> on 8 August 2020. Retrieved 30 July 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=So+much+for+the+melting+pot%2C+Tom+Segev&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.haaretz.com%2Fhasen%2Fpages%2FShArtStEngPE.jhtml%3FitemNo%3D1099078%26contrassID%3D2%26subContrassID%3D15%26title%3D%2527The%2520Makings%2520of%2520History%2520%252F%2520So%2520much%2520for%2520the%2520melting%2520pot%2520%2527%26dyn_server%3D172.20.5.5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHaifa" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-Johal-86">^ <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Johal_86-0">a</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Johal_86-1">b</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Johal_86-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJohal2004" class="citation web cs1">Johal, Am (18 August 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20070928015832/http://usa.mediamonitors.net/headlines/sifting_through_the_ruins_historic_wadi_salib_under_pressure">"Sifting Through the Ruins: Historic Wadi Salib Under Pressure"</a>. Media Monitors Network. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://usa.mediamonitors.net/headlines/sifting_through_the_ruins_historic_wadi_salib_under_pressure">the original</a> on 28 September 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Sifting+Through+the+Ruins%3A+Historic+Wadi+Salib+Under+Pressure.&rft.pub=Media+Monitors+Network&rft.date=2004-08-18&rft.aulast=Johal&rft.aufirst=Am&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fusa.mediamonitors.net%2Fheadlines%2Fsifting_through_the_ruins_historic_wadi_salib_under_pressure&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHaifa" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-87"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-87">^</a> Kellerman, Aharon (1993) Society and Settlement: Jewish <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Land_of_Israel?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Land of Israel">Land of Israel</a> in the Twentieth Century SUNY Press, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7914-1295-4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7914-1295-4">978-0-7914-1295-4</a> p 236</li> <li id="cite_note-88"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-88">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/middle_east/5318424.stm">"In focus: Haifa"</a>. BBC News. 6 September 2006. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20200806173551/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/5318424.stm">Archived</a> from the original on 6 August 2020. Retrieved 9 April 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=In+focus%3A+Haifa&rft.date=2006-09-06&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F1%2Fhi%2Fworld%2Fmiddle_east%2F5318424.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHaifa" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-89"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-89">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRaved1995" class="citation news cs1">Raved, Ahiya (20 June 1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-3276392,00.html">"8 killed in rocket attack on Haifa – Israel News, Ynetnews"</a>. Ynetnews. Ynetnews.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20130314214958/http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-3276392,00.html">Archived</a> from the original on 14 March 2013. Retrieved 12 March 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ynetnews&rft.atitle=8+killed+in+rocket+attack+on+Haifa+%E2%80%93+Israel+News%2C+Ynetnews&rft.date=1995-06-20&rft.aulast=Raved&rft.aufirst=Ahiya&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ynetnews.com%2Farticles%2F0%2C7340%2CL-3276392%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHaifa" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-90"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-90">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.haaretz.com/hasen/spages/840990.html">"Katyusha rocket hit Haifa oil refineries complex during Second Lebanon War"</a>. Haaretz. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20080724135023/http://www.haaretz.com/hasen/spages/840990.html">Archived</a> from the original on 24 July 2008. Retrieved 5 May 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Haaretz&rft.atitle=Katyusha+rocket+hit+Haifa+oil+refineries+complex+during+Second+Lebanon+War&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.haaretz.com%2Fhasen%2Fspages%2F840990.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHaifa" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-demographics-91">^ <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-demographics_91-0">a</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-demographics_91-1">b</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-demographics_91-2">c</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-demographics_91-3">d</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20080409211913/http://www1.haifa.muni.il/spru/doc/YB/Dmgrp/Y2006/Download/DemographyDL.pdf">"Demography"</a> (PDF). Haifa Municipality. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www1.haifa.muni.il/spru/doc/YB/Dmgrp/Y2006/Download/DemographyDL.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 9 April 2008. Retrieved 22 March 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Demography&rft.pub=Haifa+Municipality&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww1.haifa.muni.il%2Fspru%2Fdoc%2FYB%2FDmgrp%2FY2006%2FDownload%2FDemographyDL.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHaifa" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-92"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-92">^</a> Data based on Ben-Arieh "Population of the Towns", as reproduced in Ben-Arieh Jerusalem page 466</li> <li id="cite_note-pop-93"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-pop_93-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20070926234156/http://www.jewishagency.org/JewishAgency/English/Aliyah/About%252BIsrael/Cities/Haifa%252B9.htm">"Haifa"</a>. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jewish_Agency_for_Israel?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Jewish Agency for Israel">Jewish Agency</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.jewishagency.org/JewishAgency/English/Aliyah/About%2BIsrael/Cities/Haifa%2B9.htm">the original</a> on 26 September 2007. Retrieved 5 May 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Haifa&rft.pub=Jewish+Agency&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jewishagency.org%2FJewishAgency%2FEnglish%2FAliyah%2FAbout%2BIsrael%2FCities%2FHaifa%2B9.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHaifa" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-Stats2003-94">^ <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Stats2003_94-0">a</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Stats2003_94-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20071201024709/http://www.cbs.gov.il/statistical/arab_pop03e.pdf">"The Arab Population of Israel 2003"</a> (PDF). Israel Central Bureau of Statistics. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.cbs.gov.il/statistical/arab_pop03e.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 1 December 2007. Retrieved 3 January 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Arab+Population+of+Israel+2003&rft.pub=Israel+Central+Bureau+of+Statistics&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbs.gov.il%2Fstatistical%2Farab_pop03e.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHaifa" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-auto1-95">^ <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-auto1_95-0">a</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-auto1_95-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTripodi2011" class="citation book cs1">Tripodi, Lorenzo (2011). Everyday Life in the Segmented City. Emerald Group Publishing. p. 74. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-78052-258-6?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-78052-258-6"><bdi>978-1-78052-258-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Everyday+Life+in+the+Segmented+City&rft.pages=74&rft.pub=Emerald+Group+Publishing&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-1-78052-258-6&rft.aulast=Tripodi&rft.aufirst=Lorenzo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHaifa" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-Daniel_Lefkowitz-96">^ <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Daniel_Lefkowitz_96-0">a</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Daniel_Lefkowitz_96-1">b</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Daniel_Lefkowitz_96-2">c</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Daniel_Lefkowitz_96-3">d</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Daniel_Lefkowitz_96-4">e</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLefkowitz2004" class="citation book cs1">Lefkowitz, Daniel (2004). Words and Stones: The Politics of Language and Identity in Israel. Oxford University Press. p. 49. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-802843-7?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-802843-7"><bdi>978-0-19-802843-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Words+and+Stones%3A+The+Politics+of+Language+and+Identity+in+Israel&rft.pages=49&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0-19-802843-7&rft.aulast=Lefkowitz&rft.aufirst=Daniel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHaifa" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-97"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-97">^</a> Faier, Elizabeth (2005) Organizations, Gender, and the Culture of Palestinian Activism in Haifa, Israel: fieldwork and Palestinians in Israel New venues: nongovernmental organizations and social change Activism: support, conflict, and ideas Two tales of a city: history, space, and identity Honor, land, and protest ... Routledge, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-415-94951-4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-415-94951-4">978-0-415-94951-4</a></li> <li id="cite_note-Monocle-98">^ <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Monocle_98-0">a</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Monocle_98-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPetersburg1995" class="citation news cs1">Petersburg, Ofer (20 June 1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-3988794,00.html">"Haifa: Greatest business potential"</a>. Ynetnews. Ynetnews.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20120708230555/http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-3988794,00.html">Archived</a> from the original on 8 July 2012. Retrieved 24 March 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ynetnews&rft.atitle=Haifa%3A+Greatest+business+potential&rft.date=1995-06-20&rft.aulast=Petersburg&rft.aufirst=Ofer&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ynetnews.com%2Farticles%2F0%2C7340%2CL-3988794%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHaifa" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-demo-99">^ <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-demo_99-0">a</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-demo_99-1">b</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-demo_99-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://urbaneconomics.blogspot.com/2006/12/is-haifa-aging.html">"Is Haifa Ageing?"</a>. Central Bureau of Statistics, Statistical Abstract of Israel, no. 56, 2005. urbaneconomics.blogspot.com. 6 December 2006. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20110708071520/http://urbaneconomics.blogspot.com/2006/12/is-haifa-aging.html">Archived</a> from the original on 8 July 2011. Retrieved 10 February 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Central+Bureau+of+Statistics%2C+Statistical+Abstract+of+Israel%2C+no.+56%2C+2005&rft.atitle=Is+Haifa+Ageing%3F&rft.date=2006-12-06&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Furbaneconomics.blogspot.com%2F2006%2F12%2Fis-haifa-aging.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHaifa" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-globes-100">^ <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-globes_100-0">a</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-globes_100-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.globes.co.il/en/article-new-haifa-outline-plan-55000-more-residents-by-2025-1001159957">"Haifa plans for 55,000 more residents by 2025"</a>. Globes. 11 August 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20200808031333/https://en.globes.co.il/en/article-new-haifa-outline-plan-55000-more-residents-by-2025-1001159957">Archived</a> from the original on 8 August 2020. Retrieved 3 January 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Globes&rft.atitle=Haifa+plans+for+55%2C000+more+residents+by+2025&rft.date=2016-08-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fen.globes.co.il%2Fen%2Farticle-new-haifa-outline-plan-55000-more-residents-by-2025-1001159957&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHaifa" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-NYT01416-101">^ <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-NYT01416_101-0">a</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-NYT01416_101-1">b</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-NYT01416_101-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHadid2016" class="citation news cs1">Hadid, Diaa (4 January 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/01/04/world/middleeast/in-israeli-city-of-haifa-a-liberal-palestinian-culture-blossoms.html">"In Israeli City of Haifa, a Liberal Palestinian Culture Blossoms"</a>. The New York Times. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20190502175750/https://www.nytimes.com/2016/01/04/world/middleeast/in-israeli-city-of-haifa-a-liberal-palestinian-culture-blossoms.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2 May 2019. Retrieved 4 January 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=In+Israeli+City+of+Haifa%2C+a+Liberal+Palestinian+Culture+Blossoms&rft.date=2016-01-04&rft.aulast=Hadid&rft.aufirst=Diaa&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2016%2F01%2F04%2Fworld%2Fmiddleeast%2Fin-israeli-city-of-haifa-a-liberal-palestinian-culture-blossoms.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHaifa" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-Christian2020-102"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Christian2020_102-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.cbs.gov.il/he/mediarelease/DocLib/2019/400/11_19_400e.pdf">"Christmas 2019 – Christians in Israel"</a> (PDF). Central Bureau of Statistics (Israel). 29 December 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20211109084141/https://www.cbs.gov.il/he/mediarelease/DocLib/2019/400/11_19_400e.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 9 November 2021. Retrieved 26 April 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Christmas+2019+%E2%80%93+Christians+in+Israel&rft.pub=Central+Bureau+of+Statistics+%28Israel%29&rft.date=2019-12-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbs.gov.il%2Fhe%2Fmediarelease%2FDocLib%2F2019%2F400%2F11_19_400e.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHaifa" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-103"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-103">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZananiri2020" class="citation book cs1">Zananiri, Sary (2020). European Cultural Diplomacy and Arab Christians in Palestine, 1918–1948: Between Contention and Connection. Springer Nature. p. 129. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-030-55540-5?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-030-55540-5"><bdi>978-3-030-55540-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=European+Cultural+Diplomacy+and+Arab+Christians+in+Palestine%2C+1918%E2%80%931948%3A+Between+Contention+and+Connection&rft.pages=129&rft.pub=Springer+Nature&rft.date=2020&rft.isbn=978-3-030-55540-5&rft.aulast=Zananiri&rft.aufirst=Sary&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHaifa" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-104"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-104">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBligh2004" class="citation book cs1">Bligh, Alexander (2004). The Israeli Palestinians: An Arab Minority in the Jewish State. Routledge. p. 132. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-135-76077-9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-135-76077-9"><bdi>978-1-135-76077-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Israeli+Palestinians%3A+An+Arab+Minority+in+the+Jewish+State&rft.pages=132&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-1-135-76077-9&rft.aulast=Bligh&rft.aufirst=Alexander&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHaifa" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-105"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-105">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20160323032025/http://catholicchurch-holyland.com/?p%3D3811">"The Catholic Church Of The Holy Land » Parishes Greek Melkite Catholic Archeparchy of Akko"</a>. catholicchurch-holyland.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://catholicchurch-holyland.com/?p%3D3811">the original</a> on 23 March 2016. Retrieved 19 May 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=catholicchurch-holyland.com&rft.atitle=The+Catholic+Church+Of+The+Holy+Land+%C2%BB+Parishes+Greek+Melkite+Catholic+Archeparchy+of+Akko&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcatholicchurch-holyland.com%2F%3Fp%3D3811&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHaifa" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-Shachmon_2019-106"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Shachmon_2019_106-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShachmonMack2019" class="citation journal cs1">Shachmon, Ori; Mack, Merav (2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.13173/zeitdeutmorggese.169.2.0343">"The Lebanese in Israel – Language, Religion and Identity"</a>. Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft. 169 (2): 343–366. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Doi_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://doi.org/10.13173%252Fzeitdeutmorggese.169.2.0343">10.13173/zeitdeutmorggese.169.2.0343</a>. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0341-0137">0341-0137</a>. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.13173/zeitdeutmorggese.169.2.0343">10.13173/zeitdeutmorggese.169.2.0343</a>. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:211647029">211647029</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20211020065138/https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.13173/zeitdeutmorggese.169.2.0343">Archived</a> from the original on 20 October 2021. Retrieved 1 May 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Zeitschrift+der+Deutschen+Morgenl%C3%A4ndischen+Gesellschaft&rft.atitle=The+Lebanese+in+Israel+%E2%80%93+Language%2C+Religion+and+Identity&rft.volume=169&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=343-366&rft.date=2019&rft.issn=0341-0137&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A211647029%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F10.13173%2Fzeitdeutmorggese.169.2.0343%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.13173%2Fzeitdeutmorggese.169.2.0343&rft.aulast=Shachmon&rft.aufirst=Ori&rft.au=Mack%2C+Merav&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F10.13173%2Fzeitdeutmorggese.169.2.0343&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHaifa" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-107"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-107">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHoval2011" class="citation web cs1">Hoval, Revital (1 September 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.haaretz.com/print-edition/news/secular-residents-worry-about-haifa-neighborhood-turning-into-another-bnei-brak-1.381844">"Secular residents worry about Haifa neighborhood turning into 'another Bnei Brak'"</a>. Haaretz. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20120310012152/http://www.haaretz.com/print-edition/news/secular-residents-worry-about-haifa-neighborhood-turning-into-another-bnei-brak-1.381844">Archived</a> from the original on 10 March 2012. Retrieved 24 March 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Haaretz&rft.atitle=Secular+residents+worry+about+Haifa+neighborhood+turning+into+%27another+Bnei+Brak%27&rft.date=2011-09-01&rft.aulast=Hoval&rft.aufirst=Revital&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.haaretz.com%2Fprint-edition%2Fnews%2Fsecular-residents-worry-about-haifa-neighborhood-turning-into-another-bnei-brak-1.381844&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHaifa" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-108"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-108">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/city.html?n%3D1504">"Haifa, Israel"</a>. Timeanddate.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20071018084531/http://timeanddate.com/worldclock/city.html?n%3D1504">Archived</a> from the original on 18 October 2007. Retrieved 20 March 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Haifa%2C+Israel&rft.pub=Timeanddate.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.timeanddate.com%2Fworldclock%2Fcity.html%3Fn%3D1504&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHaifa" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-tiers-109">^ <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-tiers_109-0">a</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-tiers_109-1">b</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-tiers_109-2">c</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-tiers_109-3">d</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-tiers_109-4">e</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.tourism.gov.il/Tourism_Euk/Destinations/Haifa/general%2Binfo.htm">"Haifa – General info"</a>. Israeli Ministry of Tourism. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20080414134000/http://www.tourism.gov.il/Tourism_Euk/Destinations/Haifa/general%2Binfo.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 14 April 2008. Retrieved 20 March 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Haifa+%E2%80%93+General+info&rft.pub=Israeli+Ministry+of+Tourism&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tourism.gov.il%2FTourism_Euk%2FDestinations%2FHaifa%2Fgeneral%2Binfo.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHaifa" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-110"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-110">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20080409211830/http://www.goisrael.com/NR/rdonlyres/FAEF9852-0C3C-43CD-B751-BE0C4A977000/5304/RoadDistanceChart1.pdf">"Road Distances Chart"</a> (PDF). Israel Ministry of Tourism. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.goisrael.com/NR/rdonlyres/FAEF9852-0C3C-43CD-B751-BE0C4A977000/5304/RoadDistanceChart1.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 9 April 2008. Retrieved 20 March 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Road+Distances+Chart&rft.pub=Israel+Ministry+of+Tourism&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.goisrael.com%2FNR%2Frdonlyres%2FFAEF9852-0C3C-43CD-B751-BE0C4A977000%2F5304%2FRoadDistanceChart1.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHaifa" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-Where_Boars_Hog_the_Streets-111"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Where_Boars_Hog_the_Streets_111-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKingsley2021" class="citation web cs1">Kingsley, Patrick (9 April 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/04/09/world/middleeast/haifa-israel-wild-boars.html">"Where Boars Hog the Streets"</a>. The New York Times. Retrieved 10 February 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Where+Boars+Hog+the+Streets&rft.date=2021-04-09&rft.aulast=Kingsley&rft.aufirst=Patrick&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2021%2F04%2F09%2Fworld%2Fmiddleeast%2Fhaifa-israel-wild-boars.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHaifa" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-Kingsley-112"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Kingsley_112-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/2022-12-10/ty-article/.premium/well-meaning-residents-foil-haifas-efforts-to-tame-wild-boar-problem/00000184-fd69-d4c7-a786-fdffd11e0000">"Well-meaning Residents Foil Haifa's Efforts to Tame Wild Boar Problem"</a>. Haaretz. Retrieved 10 February 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Haaretz&rft.atitle=Well-meaning+Residents+Foil+Haifa%27s+Efforts+to+Tame+Wild+Boar+Problem&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.haaretz.com%2Fisrael-news%2F2022-12-10%2Fty-article%2F.premium%2Fwell-meaning-residents-foil-haifas-efforts-to-tame-wild-boar-problem%2F00000184-fd69-d4c7-a786-fdffd11e0000&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHaifa" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-113"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-113">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20091028171259/http://encarta.msn.com/text_761575008___2/Israel.html">"Israel"</a>. Encarta. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://encarta.msn.com/text_761575008___2/israel.html">the original</a> on 28 October 2009. Retrieved 20 March 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Israel&rft.btitle=Encarta&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fencarta.msn.com%2Ftext_761575008___2%2Fisrael.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHaifa" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-IMS-114">^ <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-IMS_114-0">a</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-IMS_114-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20130618145923/http://www.ims.gov.il/IMS/CLIMATE/ClimaticAtlas/TempNormals.htm">"Temperature average"</a>. Israel Meteorological Service. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.ims.gov.il/IMS/CLIMATE/ClimaticAtlas/TempNormals.htm">the original</a> on 18 June 2013. Retrieved 1 December 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Temperature+average&rft.pub=Israel+Meteorological+Service&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ims.gov.il%2FIMS%2FCLIMATE%2FClimaticAtlas%2FTempNormals.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHaifa" class="Z3988">(in Hebrew)</li> <li id="cite_note-Rain-115">^ <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Rain_115-0">a</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Rain_115-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20110925080227/http://www.ims.gov.il/IMS/CLIMATE/ClimaticAtlas/RainNormals.htm">"Precipitation average"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.ims.gov.il/IMS/CLIMATE/ClimaticAtlas/RainNormals.htm">the original</a> on 25 September 2011. Retrieved 12 July 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Precipitation+average&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ims.gov.il%2FIMS%2FCLIMATE%2FClimaticAtlas%2FRainNormals.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHaifa" class="Z3988">(in Hebrew)</li> <li id="cite_note-116"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-116">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.ims.gov.il/IMS/CLIMATE/ClimaticAtlas/Relative%2Bhumidity%2B1995-2009.htm">"Relative humidity average"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304002258/http://www.ims.gov.il/IMS/CLIMATE/ClimaticAtlas/Relative%2Bhumidity%2B1995-2009.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 28 December 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Relative+humidity+average&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ims.gov.il%2FIMS%2FCLIMATE%2FClimaticAtlas%2FRelative%2Bhumidity%2B1995-2009.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHaifa" class="Z3988">(in Hebrew)</li> <li id="cite_note-117"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-117">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/vie/viehaifa.html">"Haifa"</a>. Jewish Virtual Library. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20080514231928/http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/vie/viehaifa.html">Archived</a> from the original on 14 May 2008. Retrieved 21 March 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Haifa&rft.btitle=Jewish+Virtual+Library&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jewishvirtuallibrary.org%2Fjsource%2Fvie%2Fviehaifa.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHaifa" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-go-118">^ <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-go_118-0">a</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-go_118-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20090108130722/http://www.goisrael.com/Tourism_Euk/Tourist%2BInformation/Discover%2BIsrael/Cities/Haifa.htm">"Haifa"</a>. Israel Government Tourism Ministry. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.goisrael.com/Tourism_Euk/Tourist%2BInformation/Discover%2BIsrael/Cities/Haifa.htm">the original</a> on 8 January 2009. Retrieved 21 March 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Haifa&rft.pub=Israel+Government+Tourism+Ministry&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.goisrael.com%2FTourism_Euk%2FTourist%2BInformation%2FDiscover%2BIsrael%2FCities%2FHaifa.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHaifa" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-building-119">^ <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-building_119-0">a</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-building_119-1">b</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-building_119-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20080409211937/http://www1.haifa.muni.il/spru/doc/YB/Building/Y2004/Download/BuildingDL.pdf">"Building"</a> (PDF). Haifa Statistical Yearbook. Haifa Municipality. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www1.haifa.muni.il/spru/doc/YB/Building/Y2004/Download/BuildingDL.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 9 April 2008. Retrieved 21 February 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Haifa+Statistical+Yearbook&rft.atitle=Building&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww1.haifa.muni.il%2Fspru%2Fdoc%2FYB%2FBuilding%2FY2004%2FDownload%2FBuildingDL.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHaifa" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-120"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-120">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20140407063705/http://www.emporis.com/city/haifa-israel/high-rise-buildings">"high-rise buildings | Buildings"</a>. Emporis. Archived from the original on 7 April 2014. Retrieved 12 March 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=high-rise+buildings+%26%23124%3B+Buildings&rft.pub=Emporis&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.emporis.com%2Fcity%2Fhaifa-israel%2Fhigh-rise-buildings&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHaifa" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Template:Cite_web?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: unfit URL (<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_unfit_URL?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Category:CS1 maint: unfit URL">link</a>)</li> <li id="cite_note-121"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-121">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.globes.co.il/serveen/globes/docview.asp?did%3D844707">"Gad Zeevi demands Haifa permit high-rises on the Carmel"</a>. Globes. 17 October 2004. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://archive.today/20130107221734/http://www.globes.co.il/serveen/globes/docview.asp?did%3D844707">Archived</a> from the original on 7 January 2013. Retrieved 12 March 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Globes&rft.atitle=Gad+Zeevi+demands+Haifa+permit+high-rises+on+the+Carmel&rft.date=2004-10-17&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.globes.co.il%2Fserveen%2Fglobes%2Fdocview.asp%3Fdid%3D844707&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHaifa" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-122"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-122">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.hec.co.il/Calcalit/Templates/showpage.asp?DBID%3D1%26LNGID%3D1%26TMID%3D84%26FID%3D276">Haifa Economic Corporation Ltd: Wadi Salib</a> Haifa Economic Corporation [<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Link rot">dead link</a>‍]</li> <li id="cite_note-123"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-123">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShauli1995" class="citation news cs1">Shauli, Alphi (20 June 1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-4250979,00.html">"Plan aims to turn Haifa into 'the Barcelona of Israel'"</a>. Ynetnews. Ynetnews.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20130226232047/http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-4250979,00.html">Archived</a> from the original on 26 February 2013. Retrieved 12 March 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ynetnews&rft.atitle=Plan+aims+to+turn+Haifa+into+%27the+Barcelona+of+Israel%27&rft.date=1995-06-20&rft.aulast=Shauli&rft.aufirst=Alphi&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ynetnews.com%2Farticles%2F0%2C7340%2CL-4250979%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHaifa" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-hotels-124">^ <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-hotels_124-0">a</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-hotels_124-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPetersburg1995" class="citation news cs1">Petersburg, Ofer (20 June 1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-4319604,00.html">"Dozens of hotels planned in Haifa"</a>. 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Retrieved 10 December 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Globes+English+%E2%80%93+Haifa+plans+technology+stock+market&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.globes.co.il%2Fen%2Farticle-haifa-plans-technology-stock-market-1000963887&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHaifa" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-138"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-138">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.globes.co.il/serveen/globes/docview.asp?did%3D1000756854%26fid%3D1124">"Building to begin on Haifa life sciences park"</a>. Globes. 13 June 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20210528161942/https://en.globes.co.il/en/article-1000756854">Archived</a> from the original on 28 May 2021. Retrieved 24 March 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Globes&rft.atitle=Building+to+begin+on+Haifa+life+sciences+park&rft.date=2012-06-13&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.globes.co.il%2Fserveen%2Fglobes%2Fdocview.asp%3Fdid%3D1000756854%26fid%3D1124&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHaifa" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-tourism-139">^ <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-tourism_139-0">a</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-tourism_139-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20080226230016/http://www1.haifa.muni.il/spru/doc/YB/Tourism/Y2005/Download/Tourism2005.pdf">"Hotels and Tourism"</a> (PDF). Haifa Statistical Yearbook. Haifa Municipality. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www1.haifa.muni.il/spru/doc/YB/Tourism/Y2005/Download/Tourism2005.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 26 February 2008. Retrieved 14 February 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Haifa+Statistical+Yearbook&rft.atitle=Hotels+and+Tourism&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww1.haifa.muni.il%2Fspru%2Fdoc%2FYB%2FTourism%2FY2005%2FDownload%2FTourism2005.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHaifa" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-leisure-140">^ <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-leisure_140-0">a</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-leisure_140-1">b</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-leisure_140-2">c</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-leisure_140-3">d</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-leisure_140-4">e</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-leisure_140-5">f</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20070330013119/http://www1.haifa.muni.il/spru/doc/YB/LeisureActivity/Y2004/Download/LeisureActivityDL.pdf">"Leisure Activity"</a> (PDF). Haifa Statistical Yearbook. Haifa Municipality. p. 56. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www1.haifa.muni.il/spru/doc/YB/LeisureActivity/Y2004/Download/LeisureActivityDL.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 30 March 2007. Retrieved 14 February 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Haifa+Statistical+Yearbook&rft.atitle=Leisure+Activity&rft.pages=56&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww1.haifa.muni.il%2Fspru%2Fdoc%2FYB%2FLeisureActivity%2FY2004%2FDownload%2FLeisureActivityDL.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHaifa" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-141"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-141">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://terraces.bahai.org/terraces.en.html">"Terraces of the Shrine of the Bab"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20080423225420/http://terraces.bahai.org/terraces.en.html">Archived</a> from the original on 23 April 2008. Retrieved 11 April 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Terraces+of+the+Shrine+of+the+Bab&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fterraces.bahai.org%2Fterraces.en.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHaifa" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-142"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-142">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.bahai.org/dir/bwc">"Baha'i World Center"</a>. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_International_Community?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Baháʼí International Community">Baháʼí International Community</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20080318211852/http://www.bahai.org/dir/bwc">Archived</a> from the original on 18 March 2008. Retrieved 20 March 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Baha%27i+World+Center&rft.pub=Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD+International+Community&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bahai.org%2Fdir%2Fbwc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHaifa" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-143"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-143">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.tour-haifa.co.il/eng/modules/article/view.article.php/c14/118/p2">"Tours of Haifa"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20080415121944/http://www.tour-haifa.co.il/eng/modules/article/view.article.php/c14/118/p2">Archived</a> from the original on 15 April 2008. Retrieved 11 April 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Tours+of+Haifa&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tour-haifa.co.il%2Feng%2Fmodules%2Farticle%2Fview.article.php%2Fc14%2F118%2Fp2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHaifa" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-144"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-144">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.ddtravel-acc.com/haifa.htm">"Eih Hod"</a>. ddtrave-acc.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20080119025508/http://www.ddtravel-acc.com/haifa.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 19 January 2008. Retrieved 20 January 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Eih+Hod&rft.pub=ddtrave-acc.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ddtravel-acc.com%2Fhaifa.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHaifa" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-145"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-145">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20080302214342/http://www.parks.org.il/ParksENG/company_card.php3?CNumber%3D852573">"Mount Carmel National Park"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.parks.org.il/ParksENG/company_card.php3?CNumber%3D852573">the original</a> on 2 March 2008. Retrieved 11 April 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Mount+Carmel+National+Park&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.parks.org.il%2FParksENG%2Fcompany_card.php3%3FCNumber%3D852573&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHaifa" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-146"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-146">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.haaretz.com/hasen/spages/864746.html">"Making Haifa into an international tourist destination"</a>. Haaretz. 30 May 2007. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20080415044437/http://www.haaretz.com/hasen/spages/864746.html">Archived</a> from the original on 15 April 2008. Retrieved 10 March 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Haaretz&rft.atitle=Making+Haifa+into+an+international+tourist+destination&rft.date=2007-05-30&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.haaretz.com%2Fhasen%2Fspages%2F864746.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHaifa" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-culture-147">^ <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-culture_147-0">a</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-culture_147-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.tour-haifa.co.il/eng//modules/article/view.category.php/19">"Culture & Leisure"</a>. Tour-Haifa.co.il. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20110411140703/http://www.tour-haifa.co.il/eng/modules/article/view.category.php/19">Archived</a> from the original on 11 April 2011. Retrieved 18 February 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Culture+%26+Leisure&rft.pub=Tour-Haifa.co.il&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tour-haifa.co.il%2Feng%2F%2Fmodules%2Farticle%2Fview.category.php%2F19&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHaifa" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-148"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-148">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.tour-haifa.co.il/eng/modules/article/view.article.php/c19/148">"The Congress Center"</a>. Haifa Municipality. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20101119054714/http://www.tour-haifa.co.il/eng/modules/article/view.article.php/c19/148">Archived</a> from the original on 19 November 2010. Retrieved 2 April 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Congress+Center&rft.pub=Haifa+Municipality&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tour-haifa.co.il%2Feng%2Fmodules%2Farticle%2Fview.article.php%2Fc19%2F148&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHaifa" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-149"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-149">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20071217224625/http://www.haifasymphony.co.il/eabout.asp">"Haifa Symphony"</a>. Haifa Symphony. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.haifasymphony.co.il/eabout.asp">the original</a> on 17 December 2007. Retrieved 20 January 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Haifa+Symphony&rft.pub=Haifa+Symphony&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.haifasymphony.co.il%2Feabout.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHaifa" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-150"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-150">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.abyznewslinks.com/israe.htm">"Israel Newspapers"</a>. Abyznewslinks.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20151208085205/http://www.abyznewslinks.com/israe.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 8 December 2015. Retrieved 27 January 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Israel+Newspapers&rft.pub=Abyznewslinks.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.abyznewslinks.com%2Fisrae.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHaifa" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-151"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-151">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://radiostationworld.com/Locations/Israel/Radio.asp">"Radio Broadcasting Stations"</a>. Radiostationworld.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20171108125439/http://radiostationworld.com/locations/israel/radio.asp">Archived</a> from the original on 8 November 2017. Retrieved 26 January 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Radio+Broadcasting+Stations&rft.pub=Radiostationworld.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fradiostationworld.com%2FLocations%2FIsrael%2FRadio.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHaifa" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-museums-152"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-museums_152-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20080229091637/http://www.get2israel.com/Destinations/haifa.aspx">"Haifa Museums"</a>. Get2Israel.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.get2israel.com/Destinations/haifa.aspx">the original</a> on 29 February 2008. Retrieved 18 February 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Haifa+Museums&rft.pub=Get2Israel.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.get2israel.com%2FDestinations%2Fhaifa.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHaifa" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-153"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-153">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20141011210953/http://mushecht.haifa.ac.il/Default_eng.aspx">"Hecht Museum homepage"</a>. Hecht Museum. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://mushecht.haifa.ac.il/Default_eng.aspx">the original</a> on 11 October 2014. Retrieved 13 October 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Hecht+Museum+homepage&rft.pub=Hecht+Museum&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmushecht.haifa.ac.il%2FDefault_eng.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHaifa" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-154"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-154">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20141019110720/http://www.nahariya.info/blog/dagan-grain-silo-and-museum-haifa">"Dagan Grain Silo and Museum, Haifa"</a>. Nahariya.info – Nahariya and the Western Galilee. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.nahariya.info/blog/dagan-grain-silo-and-museum-haifa">the original</a> on 19 October 2014. Retrieved 13 October 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Dagan+Grain+Silo+and+Museum%2C+Haifa&rft.pub=Nahariya.info+%E2%80%93+Nahariya+and+the+Western+Galilee&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nahariya.info%2Fblog%2Fdagan-grain-silo-and-museum-haifa&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHaifa" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-155"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-155">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20140812025851/http://www.culture.org.il/directory/viewItem.asp?cat%3D6%26subcat%3D6.3%26idNum%3D8175">"Dagon Collection – Archaeological Museum of Grain Handling in Israel"</a>. Israel Arts Directorye. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.culture.org.il/directory/viewItem.asp?cat%3D6%26subcat%3D6.3%26idNum%3D8175">the original</a> on 12 August 2014. Retrieved 13 October 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Dagon+Collection+%E2%80%93+Archaeological+Museum+of+Grain+Handling+in+Israel&rft.pub=Israel+Arts+Directorye&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.culture.org.il%2Fdirectory%2FviewItem.asp%3Fcat%3D6%26subcat%3D6.3%26idNum%3D8175&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHaifa" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-156"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-156">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.tour-haifa.co.il/eng/modules/article/view.article.php/c21/123">"The Mane Katz Museum"</a>. Tour-Haifa.co.il. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20080313222222/http://www.tour-haifa.co.il/eng/modules/article/view.article.php/c21/123">Archived</a> from the original on 13 March 2008. Retrieved 25 January 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Mane+Katz+Museum&rft.pub=Tour-Haifa.co.il&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tour-haifa.co.il%2Feng%2Fmodules%2Farticle%2Fview.article.php%2Fc21%2F123&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHaifa" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-Struck-157"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Struck_157-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKamin2013" class="citation news cs1">Kamin, Debra (3 October 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.timesofisrael.com/home-of-haifa-artist-hermann-struck-is-reborn-as-museum/">"Home of Haifa artist Hermann Struck is reborn as museum"</a>. The Times of Israel. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20181116134941/https://www.timesofisrael.com/home-of-haifa-artist-hermann-struck-is-reborn-as-museum/">Archived</a> from the original on 16 November 2018. Retrieved 9 January 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times+of+Israel&rft.atitle=Home+of+Haifa+artist+Hermann+Struck+is+reborn+as+museum&rft.date=2013-10-03&rft.aulast=Kamin&rft.aufirst=Debra&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.timesofisrael.com%2Fhome-of-haifa-artist-hermann-struck-is-reborn-as-museum%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHaifa" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-158"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-158">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://mondediplo.com/2005/12/13haifa">"Haifa through the looking glass"</a>. Le Monde diplomatique. 13 December 2005. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20071124050903/http://mondediplo.com/2005/12/13haifa">Archived</a> from the original on 24 November 2007. Retrieved 23 January 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Haifa+through+the+looking+glass&rft.pub=Le+Monde+diplomatique&rft.date=2005-12-13&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmondediplo.com%2F2005%2F12%2F13haifa&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHaifa" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-159"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-159">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20120405160340/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P1-20132871.html">"'Red Haifa' in revolt against Labor"</a>. Highbeam.com – Originally from <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/The_Jerusalem_Post?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="The Jerusalem Post">Jerusalem Post</a>. 1 February 1999. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P1-20132871.html">the original</a> on 5 April 2012. Retrieved 23 January 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%27Red+Haifa%27+in+revolt+against+Labor&rft.pub=Highbeam.com+%E2%80%93+Originally+from+Jerusalem+Post&rft.date=1999-02-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.highbeam.com%2Fdoc%2F1P1-20132871.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHaifa" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-160"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-160">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchwartz2006" class="citation web cs1">Schwartz, Stephen (26 July 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927081007/http://www.islamicpluralism.org/articles/2006a/mysteriessafed.htm">"The Mysteries of Safed, The Banners of Haifa"</a>. Islampluralism.org. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.islamicpluralism.org/articles/2006a/mysteriessafed.htm">the original</a> on 27 September 2007. Retrieved 23 January 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Mysteries+of+Safed%2C+The+Banners+of+Haifa&rft.pub=Islampluralism.org&rft.date=2006-07-26&rft.aulast=Schwartz&rft.aufirst=Stephen&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.islamicpluralism.org%2Farticles%2F2006a%2Fmysteriessafed.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHaifa" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-161"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-161">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.ynet.co.il/articles/0,7340,L-3233587,00.html">"Haifa 2006 election results"</a>. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Yedioth_Ahronoth?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Yedioth Ahronoth">Yedioth Ahronoth</a> (in Hebrew). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20080416141101/http://www.ynet.co.il/articles/0,7340,L-3233587,00.html">Archived</a> from the original on 16 April 2008. Retrieved 23 January 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Yedioth+Ahronoth&rft.atitle=Haifa+2006+election+results&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ynet.co.il%2Farticles%2F0%2C7340%2CL-3233587%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHaifa" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-162"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-162">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEyadat2010" class="citation web cs1">Eyadat, Fadi (18 February 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.haaretz.com/hasen/spages/1150667.html">"Haifa honors first mayor's legacy of coexistence"</a>. Haaretz.com. Retrieved 24 March 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Haifa+honors+first+mayor%27s+legacy+of+coexistence&rft.pub=Haaretz.com&rft.date=2010-02-18&rft.aulast=Eyadat&rft.aufirst=Fadi&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.haaretz.com%2Fhasen%2Fspages%2F1150667.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHaifa" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-govt-163"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-govt_163-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDaniel_Monterescu2007" class="citation book cs1">Daniel Monterescu, Dan Rabinowitz (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3DkUOK3a6hAMsC%26q%3Dhaifa%2Bmunicipality%26pg%3DPA129">Mixed Towns, Trapped Communities: Historical Narratives, Spatial Dynamics</a>. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd. pp. 113–132. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7546-4732-4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7546-4732-4"><bdi>978-0-7546-4732-4</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20210528161910/https://books.google.com/books?id%3DkUOK3a6hAMsC%26q%3Dhaifa%2Bmunicipality%26pg%3DPA129">Archived</a> from the original on 28 May 2021. Retrieved 26 July 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mixed+Towns%2C+Trapped+Communities%3A+Historical+Narratives%2C+Spatial+Dynamics&rft.pages=113-132&rft.pub=Ashgate+Publishing%2C+Ltd.&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-7546-4732-4&rft.aulast=Daniel+Monterescu&rft.aufirst=Dan+Rabinowitz&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DkUOK3a6hAMsC%26q%3Dhaifa%2Bmunicipality%26pg%3DPA129&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHaifa" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-council-164"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-council_164-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20080117042303/http://www.haifa.muni.il/Cultures/he-IL/Municipality/Management/CityCouncil/">"City Council Overview"</a> (in Hebrew). Haifa Municipality. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.haifa.muni.il/Cultures/he-IL/Municipality/Management/CityCouncil/">the original</a> on 17 January 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=City+Council+Overview&rft.pub=Haifa+Municipality&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.haifa.muni.il%2FCultures%2Fhe-IL%2FMunicipality%2FManagement%2FCityCouncil%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHaifa" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-councillors-165"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-councillors_165-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20080117045014/http://www.haifa.muni.il/Cultures/he-IL/Municipality/Management/CityCouncil/members.htm">"Members of the 12th City Council"</a> (in Hebrew). Haifa Municipality. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.haifa.muni.il/Cultures/he-IL/Municipality/Management/CityCouncil/members.htm">the original</a> on 17 January 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Members+of+the+12th+City+Council&rft.pub=Haifa+Municipality&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.haifa.muni.il%2FCultures%2Fhe-IL%2FMunicipality%2FManagement%2FCityCouncil%2Fmembers.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHaifa" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-committees-166"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-committees_166-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20080117045017/http://www.haifa.muni.il/Cultures/he-IL/Municipality/Management/CityCouncil/vaadot.htm">"Municipal Committees"</a> (in Hebrew). Haifa Municipality. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.haifa.muni.il/Cultures/he-IL/Municipality/Management/CityCouncil/vaadot.htm">the original</a> on 17 January 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Municipal+Committees&rft.pub=Haifa+Municipality&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.haifa.muni.il%2FCultures%2Fhe-IL%2FMunicipality%2FManagement%2FCityCouncil%2Fvaadot.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHaifa" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-167"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-167">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20071108234444/http://www.rambam.org.il/Home%2BPage/Research/default.htm">"research at rambam"</a>. Rambam.org.il. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.rambam.org.il/Home%2BPage/Research/default.htm">the original</a> on 8 November 2007. Retrieved 5 May 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=research+at+rambam&rft.pub=Rambam.org.il&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rambam.org.il%2FHome%2BPage%2FResearch%2Fdefault.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHaifa" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-medical-168">^ <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-medical_168-0">a</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-medical_168-1">b</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-medical_168-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20080409211902/http://www1.haifa.muni.il/spru/doc/YB/Health/Y2005/Download/Health%2520ServicesDL.pdf">"Health Services"</a> (PDF). Statistical Yearbook 2006. Haifa Municipality. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www1.haifa.muni.il/spru/doc/YB/Health/Y2005/Download/Health%2520ServicesDL.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 9 April 2008. Retrieved 21 March 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Statistical+Yearbook+2006&rft.atitle=Health+Services&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww1.haifa.muni.il%2Fspru%2Fdoc%2FYB%2FHealth%2FY2005%2FDownload%2FHealth%2520ServicesDL.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHaifa" class="Z3988">Data as of 2005<a class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title%3DHaifa%26action%3Dedit">[update]</a></li> <li id="cite_note-169"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-169">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBerg2006" class="citation news cs1">Berg, Raffi (20 July 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/middle_east/5197326.stm">"Haifa hospital in the firing line"</a>. BBC News. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20200611073308/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/5197326.stm">Archived</a> from the original on 11 June 2020. Retrieved 5 January 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Haifa+hospital+in+the+firing+line&rft.date=2006-07-20&rft.aulast=Berg&rft.aufirst=Raffi&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F1%2Fhi%2Fworld%2Fmiddle_east%2F5197326.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHaifa" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-170"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-170">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRaved2006" class="citation news cs1">Raved, Ahiya (7 August 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-3287614,00.html">"Haifa hospital goes underground"</a>. Ynetnews. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20080415055213/http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-3287614,00.html">Archived</a> from the original on 15 April 2008. Retrieved 18 February 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ynetnews&rft.atitle=Haifa+hospital+goes+underground&rft.date=2006-08-07&rft.aulast=Raved&rft.aufirst=Ahiya&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ynetnews.com%2Farticles%2F0%2C7340%2CL-3287614%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHaifa" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-auto-171">^ <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-auto_171-0">a</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-auto_171-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRatner2004" class="citation web cs1">Ratner, David (25 May 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.haaretz.com/print-edition/business/haifa-s-christian-schools-lead-the-league-1.123464">"Haifa's Christian schools lead the league"</a>. Haaretz. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20170903212521/http://www.haaretz.com/print-edition/business/haifa-s-christian-schools-lead-the-league-1.123464">Archived</a> from the original on 3 September 2017. Retrieved 24 March 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Haaretz&rft.atitle=Haifa%27s+Christian+schools+lead+the+league&rft.date=2004-05-25&rft.aulast=Ratner&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.haaretz.com%2Fprint-edition%2Fbusiness%2Fhaifa-s-christian-schools-lead-the-league-1.123464&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHaifa" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-172"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-172">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.haaretz.com/hasen/spages/894017.html">"The closing of a dream come true"</a>. Haaretz. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20071203085715/http://www.haaretz.com/hasen/spages/894017.html">Archived</a> from the original on 3 December 2007. Retrieved 25 January 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Haaretz&rft.atitle=The+closing+of+a+dream+come+true&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.haaretz.com%2Fhasen%2Fspages%2F894017.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHaifa" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-173"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-173">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20130514150810/http://wizodzn.ac.il/article.asp?cc%3D01031805">"A Cross-Section of Israeli Reality, Here and Now"</a>. Wizodzn.ac.il. 22 September 2006. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://wizodzn.ac.il/article.asp?cc%3D01031805">the original</a> on 14 May 2013. Retrieved 24 March 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=A+Cross-Section+of+Israeli+Reality%2C+Here+and+Now&rft.pub=Wizodzn.ac.il&rft.date=2006-09-22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwizodzn.ac.il%2Farticle.asp%3Fcc%3D01031805&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHaifa" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-edu-174">^ <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-edu_174-0">a</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-edu_174-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20080226230026/http://www1.haifa.muni.il/spru/doc/YB/Education/Y2007/Download/EducationDL.pdf">"Education"</a> (PDF). Haifa Statistical Yearbook 2007. Haifa Municipality. 1 June 2007. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www1.haifa.muni.il/spru/doc/YB/Education/Y2007/Download/EducationDL.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 26 February 2008. Retrieved 14 February 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Haifa+Statistical+Yearbook+2007&rft.atitle=Education&rft.date=2007-06-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww1.haifa.muni.il%2Fspru%2Fdoc%2FYB%2FEducation%2FY2007%2FDownload%2FEducationDL.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHaifa" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-175"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-175">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDattel2018" class="citation news cs1">Dattel, Lior (24 January 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/number-of-arabs-in-israeli-higher-education-grew-79-in-seven-years-1.5763067">"Number of Arabs in Israeli Higher Education Grew 79% in Seven Years"</a>. Haaretz. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20220430160820/https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/number-of-arabs-in-israeli-higher-education-grew-79-in-seven-years-1.5763067">Archived</a> from the original on 30 April 2022. Retrieved 12 January 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Haaretz&rft.atitle=Number+of+Arabs+in+Israeli+Higher+Education+Grew+79%25+in+Seven+Years&rft.date=2018-01-24&rft.aulast=Dattel&rft.aufirst=Lior&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.haaretz.com%2Fisrael-news%2Fnumber-of-arabs-in-israeli-higher-education-grew-79-in-seven-years-1.5763067&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHaifa" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-176"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-176">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHarman2013" class="citation news cs1">Harman, Danna (12 April 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.nytimes.com/2013/04/14/education/edlife/inside-the-technion-israels-premier-technological-institute-and-cornells-global-partner.html">"Inside the Technion, Israel's premier technological institute and Cornell's global partner"</a>. The New York Times. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20190417165038/https://www.nytimes.com/2013/04/14/education/edlife/inside-the-technion-israels-premier-technological-institute-and-cornells-global-partner.html">Archived</a> from the original on 17 April 2019. Retrieved 1 May 2022 – via NYTimes.com.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Inside+the+Technion%2C+Israel%27s+premier+technological+institute+and+Cornell%27s+global+partner.&rft.date=2013-04-12&rft.aulast=Harman&rft.aufirst=Danna&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2013%2F04%2F14%2Feducation%2Fedlife%2Finside-the-technion-israels-premier-technological-institute-and-cornells-global-partner.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHaifa" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-177"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-177">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.technion.ac.il/en/2014/05/new-program-for-outstanding-arab-students-2/">"Outstanding Arab Students"</a>. 21 May 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20190417164207/https://www.technion.ac.il/en/2014/05/new-program-for-outstanding-arab-students-2/">Archived</a> from the original on 17 April 2019. Retrieved 25 July 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Outstanding+Arab+Students&rft.date=2014-05-21&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.technion.ac.il%2Fen%2F2014%2F05%2Fnew-program-for-outstanding-arab-students-2%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHaifa" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-178"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-178">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.i24news.tv/en/news/israel/society/85944-150916-israel-hundreds-protest-against-discriminatory-school-funding-for-christians">"Israel: Hundreds protest against 'discriminatory' school funding for Christians"</a>. i24NEWS. 17 September 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20210515205433/https://www.i24news.tv/en/news/israel/society/85944-150916-israel-hundreds-protest-against-discriminatory-school-funding-for-christians">Archived</a> from the original on 15 May 2021. Retrieved 27 April 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Israel%3A+Hundreds+protest+against+%27discriminatory%27+school+funding+for+Christians&rft.pub=i24NEWS&rft.date=2015-09-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.i24news.tv%2Fen%2Fnews%2Fisrael%2Fsociety%2F85944-150916-israel-hundreds-protest-against-discriminatory-school-funding-for-christians&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHaifa" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-179"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-179">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20070301032459/http://www.israrail.org.il/english/travel/map.html">"Railway Map"</a>. Israel Railways. 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Retrieved 22 February 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Railway+Map&rft.pub=Israel+Railways&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.israrail.org.il%2Fenglish%2Ftravel%2Fmap.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHaifa" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-180"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-180">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20110718110005/http://fr.jpost.com/servlet/Satellite?cid%3D1150885952889%26pagename%3DJPost%252FJPArticle%252FShowFull">"Egged to start minibus project in Haifa"</a>. The Jerusalem Post. 9 June 2006. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://fr.jpost.com/servlet/Satellite?cid%3D1150885952889%26pagename%3DJPost/JPArticle/ShowFull">the original</a> on 18 July 2011. Retrieved 22 February 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Jerusalem+Post&rft.atitle=Egged+to+start+minibus+project+in+Haifa&rft.date=2006-06-09&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffr.jpost.com%2Fservlet%2FSatellite%3Fcid%3D1150885952889%26pagename%3DJPost%2FJPArticle%2FShowFull&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHaifa" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-181"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-181">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.globes.co.il/serveen/globes/docview.asp?did%3D1000803404%26fid%3D1725">"GetTaxi extends service to Haifa"</a>. Globes. 4 December 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20210528161926/https://en.globes.co.il/en/article-1000803404">Archived</a> from the original on 28 May 2021. Retrieved 13 October 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Globes&rft.atitle=GetTaxi+extends+service+to+Haifa&rft.date=2012-12-04&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.globes.co.il%2Fserveen%2Fglobes%2Fdocview.asp%3Fdid%3D1000803404%26fid%3D1725&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHaifa" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-182"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-182">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFriedman2009" class="citation web cs1">Friedman, Ron (7 September 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.jpost.com/Israel/Haifa-to-get-new-Metronit-Bus-Rapid-Transit-system-by-2011">"Haifa to get new 'Metronit' Bus Rapid Transit system by 2011 | JPost | Israel News"</a>. JPost. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20130805154046/http://www.jpost.com/Israel/Haifa-to-get-new-Metronit-Bus-Rapid-Transit-system-by-2011">Archived</a> from the original on 5 August 2013. Retrieved 13 October 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Haifa+to+get+new+%27Metronit%27+Bus+Rapid+Transit+system+by+2011+%26%23124%3B+JPost+%26%23124%3B+Israel+News&rft.pub=JPost&rft.date=2009-09-07&rft.aulast=Friedman&rft.aufirst=Ron&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jpost.com%2FIsrael%2FHaifa-to-get-new-Metronit-Bus-Rapid-Transit-system-by-2011&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHaifa" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-183"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-183">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20080221164200/http://www.yefenof.co.il/pages/lighTrain.php">"Metronit"</a> (in Hebrew). Yefenof.co.il. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.yefenof.co.il/pages/lighTrain.php">the original</a> on 21 February 2008. Retrieved 22 February 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Metronit&rft.pub=Yefenof.co.il&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.yefenof.co.il%2Fpages%2FlighTrain.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHaifa" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-frommers-184">^ <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-frommers_184-0">a</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-frommers_184-1">b</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-frommers_184-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20080415053214/http://www.frommers.com/destinations/haifa/3709010002.html">"Haifa: Planning a Trip"</a>. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Frommer%27s?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Frommer's">Frommers</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.frommers.com/destinations/haifa/3709010002.html">the original</a> on 15 April 2008. Retrieved 22 February 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Haifa%3A+Planning+a+Trip&rft.pub=Frommers&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.frommers.com%2Fdestinations%2Fhaifa%2F3709010002.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHaifa" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-185"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-185">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20200611073308/https://www.egged.co.il/Eng/Main.asp?lngCategoryID%3D6100">"Night buses in Haifa & Krayot at the Egged official website"</a>. Egged. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.egged.co.il/Eng/Main.asp?lngCategoryID%3D6100">the original</a> on 11 June 2020. Retrieved 19 November 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Night+buses+in+Haifa+%26+Krayot+at+the+Egged+official+website&rft.pub=Egged&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.egged.co.il%2FEng%2FMain.asp%3FlngCategoryID%3D6100&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHaifa" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-186"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-186">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.egged.co.il/Eng/Main.asp?lngCategoryID%3D6096">"Summer routes to the beaches at the Egged official website"</a>. Egged. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20110527112602/http://www.egged.co.il/Eng/Main.asp?lngCategoryID%3D6096">Archived</a> from the original on 27 May 2011. Retrieved 20 November 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Summer+routes+to+the+beaches+at+the+Egged+official+website&rft.pub=Egged&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.egged.co.il%2FEng%2FMain.asp%3FlngCategoryID%3D6096&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHaifa" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-187"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-187">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.tour-haifa.co.il/eng/modules/article/view.article.php/c10/159">"The Carmelit"</a>. Tour-Haifa.co.il. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20080504211823/http://www.tour-haifa.co.il/eng/modules/article/view.article.php/c10/159">Archived</a> from the original on 4 May 2008. Retrieved 19 February 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Carmelit&rft.pub=Tour-Haifa.co.il&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tour-haifa.co.il%2Feng%2Fmodules%2Farticle%2Fview.article.php%2Fc10%2F159&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHaifa" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-188"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-188">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20080119220607/http://www.wisdom.weizmann.ac.il/~bazlov/israel/haifa.html">"Haifa"</a>. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Weizmann_Institute_of_Science?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Weizmann Institute of Science">Weizmann Institute</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.wisdom.weizmann.ac.il/~bazlov/israel/haifa.html">the original</a> on 19 January 2008. Retrieved 22 February 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Haifa&rft.pub=Weizmann+Institute&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wisdom.weizmann.ac.il%2F~bazlov%2Fisrael%2Fhaifa.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHaifa" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-189"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-189">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20130618062954/http://www1.haifa.muni.il/apps/project/Infrastructure/cablemifratz.asp">"אתר עיריית חיפה – פרוייקטים"</a>. .haifa.muni.il. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www1.haifa.muni.il/apps/project/infrastructure/cablemifratz.asp">the original</a> on 18 June 2013. Retrieved 12 March 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D7%90%D7%AA%D7%A8+%D7%A2%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%99%D7%AA+%D7%97%D7%99%D7%A4%D7%94+%E2%80%93+%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%99%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%98%D7%99%D7%9D&rft.pub=.haifa.muni.il&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww1.haifa.muni.il%2Fapps%2Fproject%2Finfrastructure%2Fcablemifratz.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHaifa" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-HFA2023-190"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-HFA2023_190-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.israelnationalnews.com/news/371454">"Beginning in June: Direct flights from Haifa to Cyprus"</a>. Israel National News. 15 May 2023. Retrieved 22 May 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Israel+National+News&rft.atitle=Beginning+in+June%3A+Direct+flights+from+Haifa+to+Cyprus&rft.date=2023-05-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.israelnationalnews.com%2Fnews%2F371454&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHaifa" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-191"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-191">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.globes.co.il/en/article-air-haifa-to-receive-first-aircraft-this-month-1001483839">"Air Haifa to receive first aircraft this month"</a>. Globes. 9 July 2024. Retrieved 9 July 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Globes&rft.atitle=Air+Haifa+to+receive+first+aircraft+this+month&rft.date=2024-07-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fen.globes.co.il%2Fen%2Farticle-air-haifa-to-receive-first-aircraft-this-month-1001483839&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHaifa" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-TTI-192"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-TTI_192-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.timesofisrael.com/air-haifa-new-airline-set-to-launch-out-of-northern-israel/">"'Air Haifa': New airline set to launch out of northern Israel"</a>. The Times of Israel. 19 September 2023. Retrieved 26 May 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=%27Air+Haifa%27%3A+New+airline+set+to+launch+out+of+northern+Israel&rft.date=2023-09-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.timesofisrael.com%2Fair-haifa-new-airline-set-to-launch-out-of-northern-israel%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHaifa" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-193"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-193">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://archive.today/20120712130111/http://ppp.mof.gov.il/Mof/PPP/MofPPPTopNavEnglish/MofPPPProjectsEnglish/PPPProjectsListEng/TashtiotTaburaEng/Carmeltunnels/">"Carmel Tunnels"</a>. Israel MOF. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://ppp.mof.gov.il/Mof/PPP/MofPPPTopNavEnglish/MofPPPProjectsEnglish/PPPProjectsListEng/TashtiotTaburaEng/Carmeltunnels/">the original</a> on 12 July 2012. Retrieved 22 February 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Carmel+Tunnels&rft.pub=Israel+MOF&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fppp.mof.gov.il%2FMof%2FPPP%2FMofPPPTopNavEnglish%2FMofPPPProjectsEnglish%2FPPPProjectsListEng%2FTashtiotTaburaEng%2FCarmeltunnels%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHaifa" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-194"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-194">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.worldstadiums.com/stadium_menu/past_future/future_stadiums.shtml">"Future Stadiums"</a>. World Stadiums. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20180612141127/http://www.worldstadiums.com/stadium_menu/past_future/future_stadiums.shtml">Archived</a> from the original on 12 June 2018. Retrieved 17 February 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Future+Stadiums&rft.pub=World+Stadiums&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldstadiums.com%2Fstadium_menu%2Fpast_future%2Ffuture_stadiums.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHaifa" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-195"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-195">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20090404013120/http://www.ic-tennis-gb.org/ReciprocalFacilities/tabid/69/Default.aspx">"IC Members Facilities"</a>. ic-tennis.org. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.ic-tennis-gb.org/ReciprocalFacilities/tabid/69/Default.aspx">the original</a> on 4 April 2009. Retrieved 13 December 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=IC+Members+Facilities&rft.pub=ic-tennis.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ic-tennis-gb.org%2FReciprocalFacilities%2Ftabid%2F69%2FDefault.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHaifa" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-196"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-196">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.haifa.muni.il/city-and-muni/city-administration/international-relations/">"קשרים בינלאומיים"</a>. haifa.muni.il (in Hebrew). Haifa. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20211220100223/https://www.haifa.muni.il/city-and-muni/city-administration/international-relations/">Archived</a> from the original on 20 December 2021. Retrieved 20 December 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=haifa.muni.il&rft.atitle=%D7%A7%D7%A9%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%9D+%D7%91%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%9C%D7%90%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%99%D7%9D&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.haifa.muni.il%2Fcity-and-muni%2Fcity-administration%2Finternational-relations%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHaifa" class="Z3988"></li> </ol> </div> </div> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(20)"> <h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2> </div> <section class="mf-section-20 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-20"> <ul> <li> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLane-Poole1906" class="citation cs2"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Stanley_Lane-Poole?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Stanley Lane-Poole">Lane-Poole, Stanley</a> (1906), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3DM7pIVpjuyw0C">Saladin and the Fall of the Kingdom of Jerusalem</a>, Heroes of the Nations, London: <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/G._P._Putnam%27s_Sons?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="G. P. Putnam's Sons">G. P. Putnam's Sons</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Saladin+and+the+Fall+of+the+Kingdom+of+Jerusalem&rft.place=London&rft.series=Heroes+of+the+Nations&rft.pub=G.+P.+Putnam%27s+Sons&rft.date=1906&rft.aulast=Lane-Poole&rft.aufirst=Stanley&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DM7pIVpjuyw0C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHaifa" class="Z3988"></li> </ul> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(21)"> <h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2> </div> <section class="mf-section-21 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-21"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"> See also: <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Timeline_of_Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Bibliography" title="Timeline of Haifa">Bibliography of the history of Haifa</a> </div> <ul> <li> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCarmel2002" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Carmel, Alex (2002). The History of Haifa Under Turkish Rule (in Hebrew) (4th ed.). Haifa: Pardes. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-965-7171-05-9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:BookSources/978-965-7171-05-9"><bdi>978-965-7171-05-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+History+of+Haifa+Under+Turkish+Rule&rft.place=Haifa&rft.edition=4th&rft.pub=Pardes&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-965-7171-05-9&rft.aulast=Carmel&rft.aufirst=Alex&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHaifa" class="Z3988"></li> <li> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShillerBen-Artzi1985" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Shiller, Eli; Ben-Artzi, Yossi (1985). Haifa and its sites (in Hebrew). Jerusalem: Ariel.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Haifa+and+its+sites&rft.place=Jerusalem&rft.pub=Ariel&rft.date=1985&rft.aulast=Shiller&rft.aufirst=Eli&rft.au=Ben-Artzi%2C+Yossi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHaifa" class="Z3988"></li> </ul> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(22)"> <h2 id="External_links">External links</h2> </div> <section class="mf-section-22 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-22"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1250146164">.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow{padding:0.75em 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow>b{display:block}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul{border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding:0.75em 0;width:217px;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul>li{min-height:31px}.mw-parser-output .sister-logo{display:inline-block;width:31px;line-height:31px;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-link{display:inline-block;margin-left:4px;width:182px;vertical-align:middle}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style> <div role="navigation" aria-labelledby="sister-projects" class="side-box metadata side-box-right sister-box sistersitebox plainlinks"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-abovebelow">Haifa at Wikipedia's <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_sister_projects?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Wikimedia sister projects">sister projects</a> </div> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"> <ul> <li> <noscript> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="27" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 20px;height: 27px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="20" data-height="27" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Haifa" class="extiw" title="c:Haifa">Media</a> from Commons</li> <li> <noscript> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/27px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="759" data-file-height="415"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 27px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/27px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="27" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/41px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/54px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikinews.org/wiki/Category:Haifa" class="extiw" title="n:Category:Haifa">News</a> from Wikinews</li> <li> <noscript> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/27px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 27px;height: 27px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/27px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="27" data-height="27" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/41px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/54px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Haifa" class="extiw" title="voy:Haifa">Travel information</a> from Wikivoyage</li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <ul> <li> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%25C3%25A6dia_Britannica/Haifa">"Haifa" </a>. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a>. Vol. 12 (11th ed.). 1911.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Haifa&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.edition=11th&rft.date=1911&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHaifa" class="Z3988"></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.haifa.muni.il/English/Pages/default.aspx">City of Haifa</a></li> </ul> <div class="navbox-styles"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output 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href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title%3DHaifa%26oldid%3D1258586511">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Haifa&oldid=1258586511</a>" </div> </div> </div> <div class="post-content" id="page-secondary-actions"> </div> </main> <footer class="mw-footer minerva-footer" role="contentinfo"><a class="last-modified-bar" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Haifa&action=history&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB"> <div class="post-content last-modified-bar__content"> Last edited on 20 November 2024, at 14:42 </div></a> <div class="post-content footer-content"> <div id="mw-data-after-content"> <div class="read-more-container"></div> </div> <div id="p-lang"> <h4>Languages</h4> <section> <ul id="p-variants" class="minerva-languages"></ul> <ul class="minerva-languages"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haifa" title="Haifa – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Haifa" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haifa" title="Haifa – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Haifa" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Alemannisch</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25AD%25D9%258A%25D9%2581%25D8%25A7" title="حيفا – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="حيفا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haifa" title="Haifa – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Haifa" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aragonés</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25DC%259A%25DC%259D%25DC%25A6%25DC%2590" title="ܚܝܦܐ – Aramaic" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܚܝܦܐ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="Aramaic" class="interlanguage-link-target">ܐܪܡܝܐ</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haifa" title="Haifa – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Haifa" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hayfa" title="Hayfa – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Hayfa" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25AD%25DB%258C%25D9%2581%25D8%25A7" title="حیفا – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="حیفا" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">تۆرکجه</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haifa" title="Haifa – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Haifa" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Basa Bali</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A6%25B9%25E0%25A6%25BE%25E0%25A6%2587%25E0%25A6%25AB%25E0%25A6%25BE" title="হাইফা – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="হাইফা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A5%25D0%25B0%25D0%25B9%25D1%2584%25D0%25B0" title="Хайфа – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Хайфа" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target">Башҡортса</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A5%25D0%25B0%25D0%25B9%25D1%2584%25D0%25B0" title="Хайфа – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Хайфа" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A5%25D0%25B0%25D0%25B9%25D1%2584%25D0%25B0" title="Хайфа – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Хайфа" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A5%25D0%25B0%25D0%25B9%25D1%2584%25D0%25B0" title="Хайфа – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Хайфа" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haifa" title="Haifa – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Haifa" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Boarisch</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haifa" title="Haifa – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Haifa" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D2%25BA%25D0%25B0%25D0%25B9%25D1%2584%25D0%25B0" title="Һайфа – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Һайфа" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target">Буряад</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haifa" title="Haifa – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Haifa" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A5%25D0%25B0%25D0%25B9%25D1%2584%25D0%25B0" title="Хайфа – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Хайфа" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target">Чӑвашла</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haifa_(kapital_sa_distrito)" title="Haifa (kapital sa distrito) – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Haifa (kapital sa distrito)" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cebuano</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haifa" title="Haifa – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Haifa" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haifa" title="Haifa – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Haifa" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haifa" title="Haifa – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Haifa" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haifa" title="Haifa – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Haifa" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haifa" title="Haifa – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Haifa" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25CE%25A7%25CE%25AC%25CE%25B9%25CF%2586%25CE%25B1" title="Χάιφα – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Χάιφα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haifa" title="Haifa – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Haifa" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25C4%25A4ajfo" title="Ĥajfo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Ĥajfo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haifa" title="Haifa – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Haifa" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25AD%25DB%258C%25D9%2581%25D8%25A7" title="حیفا – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="حیفا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ha%25C3%25AFfa" title="Haïfa – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Haïfa" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haifa" title="Haifa – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Haifa" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haifa" title="Haifa – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Haifa" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaelg</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haifa" title="Haifa – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Haifa" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gàidhlig</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25ED%2595%2598%25EC%259D%25B4%25ED%258C%258C" title="하이파 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="하이파" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D5%2580%25D5%25A1%25D5%25B5%25D6%2586%25D5%25A1" title="Հայֆա – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Հայֆա" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%25B9%25E0%25A4%25BE%25E0%25A4%2587%25E0%25A4%25AB%25E0%25A4%25BC%25E0%25A4%25BE" title="हाइफ़ा – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="हाइफ़ा" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haifa" title="Haifa – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Haifa" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haifa" title="Haifa – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Haifa" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ido</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haifa" title="Haifa – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Haifa" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haifa" title="Haifa – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Haifa" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingue</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A5%25D0%25B0%25D0%25B9%25D1%2584%25C3%25A6" title="Хайфæ – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Хайфæ" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ирон</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ha%25C3%25ADfa" title="Haífa – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Haífa" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haifa" title="Haifa – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Haifa" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D7%2597%25D7%2599%25D7%25A4%25D7%2594" title="חיפה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="חיפה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haifa" title="Haifa – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Haifa" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Jawa</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25B2%25B9%25E0%25B3%2588%25E0%25B2%25AB" title="ಹೈಫ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಹೈಫ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target">ಕನ್ನಡ</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%2583%25AE%25E1%2583%2590%25E1%2583%2598%25E1%2583%25A4%25E1%2583%2590" title="ხაიფა – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ხაიფა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A5%25D0%25B0%25D0%25B9%25D1%2584%25D0%25B0" title="Хайфа – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Хайфа" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Қазақша</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haifa" title="Haifa – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Haifa" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kiswahili</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haifa" title="Haifa – Ladino" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Haifa" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="Ladino" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ladino</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hepha" title="Hepha – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Hepha" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haifa" title="Haifa – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Haifa" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haifa" title="Haifa – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Haifa" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lëtzebuergesch</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haifa" title="Haifa – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Haifa" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haifa" title="Haifa – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Haifa" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Limburgs</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haifa" title="Haifa – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Haifa" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A5%25D0%25B0%25D0%25B8%25D1%2584%25D0%25B0" title="Хаифа – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Хаифа" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haifa" title="Haifa – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Haifa" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malagasy</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25B4%25B9%25E0%25B5%2588%25E0%25B4%25AB" title="ഹൈഫ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഹൈഫ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25C4%25A6ajfa" title="Ħajfa – Maltese" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Ħajfa" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="Maltese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malti</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%25B9%25E0%25A5%2588%25E0%25A4%25AB%25E0%25A4%25BE" title="हैफा – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="हैफा" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target">मराठी</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%2583%25B0%25E1%2583%2590%25E1%2583%2598%25E1%2583%25A4%25E1%2583%2590" title="ჰაიფა – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ჰაიფა" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target">მარგალური</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25AD%25D9%258A%25D9%2581%25D8%25A7" title="حيفا – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="حيفا" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haifa" title="Haifa – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Haifa" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A5%25D0%25B0%25D0%25B9%25D1%2584%25D0%25B0" title="Хайфа – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Хайфа" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Монгол</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haifa" title="Haifa – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Haifa" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E3%2583%258F%25E3%2582%25A4%25E3%2583%2595%25E3%2582%25A1" title="ハイファ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ハイファ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A5%25D0%25B0%25D0%25B9%25D1%2584%25D0%25B0" title="Хайфа – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Хайфа" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target">Нохчийн</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haifa_(Steed)" title="Haifa (Steed) – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Haifa (Steed)" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nordfriisk</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haifa" title="Haifa – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Haifa" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haifa" title="Haifa – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Haifa" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haifa" title="Haifa – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Haifa" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Occitan</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hayfa" title="Hayfa – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Hayfa" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A8%25B9%25E0%25A9%2588%25E0%25A8%25AB%25E0%25A8%25BE" title="ਹੈਫਾ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਹੈਫਾ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25AD%25D9%258A%25D9%2581%25D8%25A7" title="حيفا – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="حيفا" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target">پښتو</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hajfa" title="Hajfa – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Hajfa" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haifa" title="Haifa – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Haifa" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haifa" title="Haifa – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Haifa" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A5%25D0%25B0%25D0%25B9%25D1%2584%25D0%25B0" title="Хайфа – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Хайфа" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ha%25C3%25AFfa" title="Haïfa – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Haïfa" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sardu</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haifa" title="Haifa – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Haifa" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target">Scots</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-st mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://st.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haifa" title="Haifa – Southern Sotho" lang="st" hreflang="st" data-title="Haifa" data-language-autonym="Sesotho" data-language-local-name="Southern Sotho" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sesotho</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haifa" title="Haifa – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Haifa" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haifa" title="Haifa – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Haifa" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sicilianu</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haifa" title="Haifa – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Haifa" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haifa" title="Haifa – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Haifa" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hajfa" title="Hajfa – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Hajfa" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ślůnski</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25AD%25DB%2595%25DB%258C%25D9%2581%25D8%25A7" title="حەیفا – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="حەیفا" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">کوردی</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A5%25D0%25B0%25D0%25B8%25D1%2584%25D0%25B0" title="Хаифа – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Хаифа" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haifa" title="Haifa – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Haifa" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haifa" title="Haifa – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Haifa" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haifa" title="Haifa – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Haifa" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haifa" title="Haifa – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Haifa" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tagalog</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25AE%2595%25E0%25AF%2588%25E0%25AE%2583%25E0%25AE%25AA%25E0%25AE%25BE" title="கைஃபா – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="கைஃபா" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25B9%2584%25E0%25B8%25AE%25E0%25B8%259F%25E0%25B8%25B2" title="ไฮฟา – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ไฮฟา" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hayfa" title="Hayfa – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Hayfa" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A5%25D0%25B0%25D0%25B9%25D1%2584%25D0%25B0" title="Хайфа – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Хайфа" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25AD%25DB%258C%25D9%2581%25D8%25A7" title="حیفا – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="حیفا" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haifa" title="Haifa – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Haifa" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haifa" title="Haifa – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Haifa" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target">Winaray</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E6%25B5%25B7%25E6%25B3%2595" title="海法 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="海法" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D7%2597%25D7%2599%25D7%25A4%25D7%2594" title="חיפה – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="חיפה" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target">ייִדיש</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E6%25B5%25B7%25E6%25B3%2595" title="海法 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="海法" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">粵語</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haifa" title="Haifa – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Haifa" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target">Zazaki</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haifa" title="Haifa – Zeelandic" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Haifa" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="Zeelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Zeêuws</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haifa" title="Haifa – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Haifa" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Žemaitėška</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E6%25B5%25B7%25E6%25B3%2595" title="海法 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="海法" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li> </ul> </section> </div> <div class="minerva-footer-logo"> <img src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" alt="Wikipedia" width="120" height="18" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> </div> <ul id="footer-info" class="footer-info hlist hlist-separated"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod">This page was last edited 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