Water slowing down drives the occurrence of the low temperature dynamical transition in microgels

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Lindahl; citation_journal_title=SoftwareX; citation_volume=1–2; citation_pages=19-25;citation_publication_date=2015; " /> <meta name="citation_fulltext_world_readable" content="" /> <meta content=" The protein dynamical transition marks an increase in atomic mobility and the onset of anharmonic motions at a critical temperature (Td), which is considered relevant for protein functionality. This phenomenon is ubiquitous, regardless of protein composition, structure and biological function and typically occurs at large protein content, to avoid water crystallization. Recently, a dynamical transition has also been reported in non-biological macromolecules, such as poly(N-isopropyl acrylamide) (PNIPAM) microgels, bearing many similarities to proteins. While the generality of this phenomenon is well-established, the role of water in the transition remains a subject of debate. In this study, we use atomistic molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and elastic incoherent neutron scattering (EINS) experiments with selective deuteration to investigate the microscopic origin of the dynamical transition and distinguish water and PNIPAM roles. While a standard analysis of EINS experiments would suggest that the dynamical transition occurs in PNIPAM and water at a similar temperature, simulations reveal a different perspective, also qualitatively supported by experiments. From room temperature down to about 180 K, PNIPAM exhibits only modest changes of dynamics, while water, being mainly hydration water under the probed extreme confinement, significantly slows down and undergoes a mode-coupling transition from diffusive to activated. Our findings therefore challenge the traditional view of the dynamical transition, demonstrating that it occurs in proximity of the water mode-coupling transition, shedding light on the intricate interplay between polymer and water dynamics. 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Click to view all articles in this issue." title="Issue 24, 2024">Issue 24, 2024</a> </div> <nav aria-label="Article"> <ul class="article-nav__bar"> <li> <a href="/en/Content/ArticleLanding/2024/SC/D4SC00331D"> Previous <span class="v-mobile-hide--inline">Article</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/Content/ArticleLanding/2024/SC/D4SC01708K"> Next <span class="v-mobile-hide--inline">Article</span> </a> </li> </ul> </nav> <div class="list-control"> <div class="list__collection--image"> <div class="list__item"> <a href="/en/journals/journal/sc" class="list__item-link"> <div class="list__image-col"> <img src="/en/Image/Get?imageInfo.ImageType=CoverIssue&imageInfo.ImageIdentifier.SerCode=SC&imageInfo.ImageIdentifier.IssueId=SC015024" id="imgLoader" alt="" class="list__item-img" height="88"> </div> <div class="list__text-col"> <div class="list__item-label"> <span class="page-head__context">From the journal:</span> <h3 class="h--heading3 no-heading">Chemical Science</h3> </div> </div> </a> </div> </div> </div> <br> </div> <article class="article-control"> <div class="article__title"> <h2 class="capsule__title fixpadv--m"> Water slowing down drives the occurrence of the low temperature dynamical transition in microgels<a href="#fn1" title="Electronic supplementary information (ESI) available. See DOI: https://doi.org/10.1039/d4sc02650k">†</a> </h2> <div class="fixpadv--m crossmark-button"> <button type="button" data-target="crossmark"><img width="150" height="32" src="https://crossmark-cdn.crossref.org/widget/v2.0/logos/CROSSMARK_Color_horizontal.svg" alt="Check for updates" /></button> </div> </div> <div class="article__authors"> <span class="article__author-link"> <a href="/en/results?searchtext=Author%3ALetizia%20Tavagnacco">Letizia Tavagnacco</a>, <span class="orcid ver-b"><a target="_blank" title="Select to open ORCID record for Letizia Tavagnacco (orcid.org/0000-0002-3492-7766) in a new window" href="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3492-7766"><img src="https://www.rsc-cdn.org/pubs-core/2022.0.159/content/NewImages/orcid_16x16.png" alt="ORCID logo"></a></span> <a href="#fn2" title="These authors contributed equally to the work.">‡</a><span><sup><i>ab</i></sup></span>   </span> <span class="article__author-link"> <a href="/en/results?searchtext=Author%3AMarco%20Zanatta">Marco Zanatta</a>, <span class="orcid ver-b"><a target="_blank" title="Select to open ORCID record for Marco Zanatta (orcid.org/0000-0003-3297-1998) in a new window" href="https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3297-1998"><img src="https://www.rsc-cdn.org/pubs-core/2022.0.159/content/NewImages/orcid_16x16.png" alt="ORCID logo"></a></span> <a href="#fn2" title="These authors contributed equally to the work.">‡</a><span><sup><i>c</i></sup></span>   </span> <span class="article__author-link"> <a href="/en/results?searchtext=Author%3AElena%20Buratti">Elena Buratti</a>, <span class="orcid ver-b"><a target="_blank" title="Select to open ORCID record for Elena Buratti (orcid.org/0000-0003-3982-5141) in a new window" href="https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3982-5141"><img src="https://www.rsc-cdn.org/pubs-core/2022.0.159/content/NewImages/orcid_16x16.png" alt="ORCID logo"></a></span> <span><sup><i>d</i></sup></span>   </span> <span class="article__author-link"> <a href="/en/results?searchtext=Author%3AMonica%20Bertoldo">Monica Bertoldo</a>, <span class="orcid ver-b"><a target="_blank" title="Select to open ORCID record for Monica Bertoldo (orcid.org/0000-0002-8221-2095) in a new window" href="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8221-2095"><img src="https://www.rsc-cdn.org/pubs-core/2022.0.159/content/NewImages/orcid_16x16.png" alt="ORCID logo"></a></span> <span><sup><i>d</i></sup></span>   </span> <span class="article__author-link"> <a href="/en/results?searchtext=Author%3AEster%20Chiessi">Ester Chiessi</a>, <span class="orcid ver-b"><a target="_blank" title="Select to open ORCID record for Ester Chiessi (orcid.org/0000-0001-7529-2755) in a new window" href="https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7529-2755"><img src="https://www.rsc-cdn.org/pubs-core/2022.0.159/content/NewImages/orcid_16x16.png" alt="ORCID logo"></a></span> <span><sup><i>e</i></sup></span>   </span> <span class="article__author-link"> <a href="/en/results?searchtext=Author%3AMarkus%20Appel">Markus Appel</a>, <span class="orcid ver-b"><a target="_blank" title="Select to open ORCID record for Markus Appel (orcid.org/0000-0001-6069-7573) in a new window" href="https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6069-7573"><img src="https://www.rsc-cdn.org/pubs-core/2022.0.159/content/NewImages/orcid_16x16.png" alt="ORCID logo"></a></span> <span><sup><i>f</i></sup></span>   </span> <span class="article__author-link"> <a href="/en/results?searchtext=Author%3AFrancesca%20Natali">Francesca Natali</a>, <span class="orcid ver-b"><a target="_blank" title="Select to open ORCID record for Francesca Natali (orcid.org/0000-0002-1631-4624) in a new window" href="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1631-4624"><img src="https://www.rsc-cdn.org/pubs-core/2022.0.159/content/NewImages/orcid_16x16.png" alt="ORCID logo"></a></span> <span><sup><i>g</i></sup></span>   </span> <span class="article__author-link"> <a href="/en/results?searchtext=Author%3AAndrea%20Orecchini">Andrea Orecchini</a> <span class="orcid ver-b"><a target="_blank" title="Select to open ORCID record for Andrea Orecchini (orcid.org/0000-0001-5227-0019) in a new window" href="https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5227-0019"><img src="https://www.rsc-cdn.org/pubs-core/2022.0.159/content/NewImages/orcid_16x16.png" alt="ORCID logo"></a></span> <span><sup><i>hi</i></sup></span>  and  </span> <span class="article__author-link"> <a href="/en/results?searchtext=Author%3AEmanuela%20Zaccarelli">Emanuela Zaccarelli</a> <span class="orcid ver-b"><a target="_blank" title="Select to open ORCID record for Emanuela Zaccarelli (orcid.org/0000-0003-0032-8906) in a new window" href="https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0032-8906"><img src="https://www.rsc-cdn.org/pubs-core/2022.0.159/content/NewImages/orcid_16x16.png" alt="ORCID logo"></a></span> *<span><sup><i>ab</i></sup></span>   </span> </div> <div class="drawer-control fixpadv--m"> <a href="#" role="button" id="btnAuthorAffiliations" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="pnlAuthorAffiliations" class="drawer__handle"> <span class="drawer__icon"></span> Author affiliations </a> <div class="drawer__content" id="pnlAuthorAffiliations" aria-labelledby="btnAuthorAffiliations"> <div> <p class="article__author-affiliation"> <span> * </span> <span> Corresponding authors </span> </p> <p class="article__author-affiliation"> <span> <sup>a</sup> </span> <span> CNR Institute of Complex Systems, Uos Sapienza, Piazzale Aldo Moro 2, Rome, Italy <br /> <b>E-mail:</b> <a href="mailto:emanuela.zaccarelli@cnr.it" title="emanuela.zaccarelli@cnr.it">emanuela.zaccarelli@cnr.it</a> </span> </p> <p class="article__author-affiliation"> <span> <sup>b</sup> </span> <span> Department of Physics, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 2, Rome, Italy </span> </p> <p class="article__author-affiliation"> <span> <sup>c</sup> </span> <span> Department of Physics, University of Trento, Via Sommarive 14, Trento, Italy </span> </p> <p class="article__author-affiliation"> <span> <sup>d</sup> </span> <span> Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via L. Borsari 46, Ferrara, Italy </span> </p> <p class="article__author-affiliation"> <span> <sup>e</sup> </span> <span> Department of Chemical Science and Technologies, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica I, Rome, Italy </span> </p> <p class="article__author-affiliation"> <span> <sup>f</sup> </span> <span> Institut Laue-Langevin, 71 avenue des Martyrs, CS 20156, Grenoble Cedex 9, France </span> </p> <p class="article__author-affiliation"> <span> <sup>g</sup> </span> <span> CNR-IOM, Operative Group Grenoble (OGG), Institut Laue Langevin, Grenoble, France </span> </p> <p class="article__author-affiliation"> <span> <sup>h</sup> </span> <span> Dipartimento di Fisica e Geologia, Università di Perugia, Via Alessandro Pascoli, Perugia, Italy </span> </p> <p class="article__author-affiliation"> <span> <sup>i</sup> </span> <span> CNR-IOM c/o Dipartimento di Fisica e Geologia, Università di Perugia, Via Alessandro Pascoli, Perugia, Italy </span> </p> </div> </div> </div> <h3 class="h--heading3 article-abstract__heading">Abstract</h3> <div class="capsule__column-wrapper"> <div class="capsule__text"> <p xmlns="http://www.rsc.org/schema/rscart38">The protein dynamical transition marks an increase in atomic mobility and the onset of anharmonic motions at a critical temperature (<em>T</em><small><sub>d</sub></small>), which is considered relevant for protein functionality. This phenomenon is ubiquitous, regardless of protein composition, structure and biological function and typically occurs at large protein content, to avoid water crystallization. Recently, a dynamical transition has also been reported in non-biological macromolecules, such as poly(<em>N</em>-isopropyl acrylamide) (PNIPAM) microgels, bearing many similarities to proteins. While the generality of this phenomenon is well-established, the role of water in the transition remains a subject of debate. In this study, we use atomistic molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and elastic incoherent neutron scattering (EINS) experiments with selective deuteration to investigate the microscopic origin of the dynamical transition and distinguish water and PNIPAM roles. While a standard analysis of EINS experiments would suggest that the dynamical transition occurs in PNIPAM and water at a similar temperature, simulations reveal a different perspective, also qualitatively supported by experiments. From room temperature down to about 180 K, PNIPAM exhibits only modest changes of dynamics, while water, being mainly hydration water under the probed extreme confinement, significantly slows down and undergoes a mode-coupling transition from diffusive to activated. Our findings therefore challenge the traditional view of the dynamical transition, demonstrating that it occurs in proximity of the water mode-coupling transition, shedding light on the intricate interplay between polymer and water dynamics.</p> </div> <div class="capsule__article-image fixpadv--s"> <img src="/en/Image/Get?imageInfo.ImageType=GA&imageInfo.ImageIdentifier.ManuscriptID=D4SC02650K&imageInfo.ImageIdentifier.Year=2024" alt="Graphical abstract: Water slowing down drives the occurrence of the low temperature dynamical transition in microgels" /> </div> </div> <p></p> <div id="pnlArticleAccess" class="article-access fixpadt--xxl" style="display: none; border: 0;"> <div class="article-access__inner" style="background-color: #F1F1F3;"> <div class="article-access__head fixpad--s"> This article is Open Access </div> <div class="fixpad--xl"> <div id="pnlViewFullArticleButton" class="paywall__body text--centered"> <div id="pnlArticleLoading"> <span id="thtmlLoadingMessage"> <img src="https://www.rsc-cdn.org/pubs-core/2022.0.159/content/NewImages/Ajax-GA-Loader.gif" alt="" class="ver-m" /> Please wait while we load your content... </span> <span id="thtmlErrorMessage" style="display: none;"> Something went wrong. <a href="#" id="btnTryAgain">Try again?</a> </span> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="pnlArticleContent" class="t-html"> <div id="pnlArticleContentLoaded"> </div> </div> </article> </section> </div> <div class="layout__panel layout__panel--secondary layout__panel--40 layout__panel--filled"> <section class="layout__content"> <input id="contentType" name="contentType" type="hidden" value="" /> <div class="tab-control"> <div class="tab__nav" role="tablist" aria-label="Article"> <div class="tab__item" role="none"> <a href="#pnlAbstract" class="tab__btn selected" role="tab" id="btnAbstract" aria-selected="true" aria-controls="pnlAbstract">About</a> </div> <div class="tab__item" role="none"> <a href="#pnlCitation" class="tab__btn" role="tab" id="btnCitation" aria-selected="false" aria-controls="pnlCitation">Cited by</a> </div> <div class="tab__item" role="none"> <a href="#pnlRelatedContent" class="tab__btn" role="tab" id="btnRelatedContent" aria-selected="false" aria-controls="pnlRelatedContent">Related</a> </div> </div> <div class="tab__panel open" role="tabpanel" id="pnlAbstract" aria-hidden="false" aria-labelledby="btnAbstract" data-loaded="true"> <div class="fixpadv--m"> <div id="divAbout"> <div id="DownloadOption" class="autopad--h fixpadv--l" style="min-height: 150px;"> <div class="text--centered"> <a href="#" class="btn btn--cta btn--disabled btn--block btn--stack btn-icon btn-icon--loading"> Download options <span class="btn-info">Please wait...</span> </a> </div> </div> <h2 class="autopad--h h--heading3">Supplementary files</h2> <div class="list-control"> <ul class="list__collection"> <li class="list__item--dashed"> <a href="https://www.rsc.org/suppdata/d4/sc/d4sc02650k/d4sc02650k1.pdf" class="list__item-link" target="_blank"> <span class="list__item-label"> Supplementary information <span class="list__item-additional"> PDF (1090K)</span> </span> </a> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="autopad--h"> <h2 class="h--heading3">Article information</h2> <dl class="definition-list"> <div class="c doi-link"> <dt class="sr-only">DOI</dt> <dd class="c__24"><a class="text--small" title="Link to landing page via DOI" href="https://doi.org/10.1039/D4SC02650K">https://doi.org/10.1039/D4SC02650K</a></dd> </div> <div class="c fixpadt--l line-separator"> <dt class="c__10"><strong>Article type</strong></dt> <dd class="c__14">Edge Article</dd> </div> <div class="c fixpadt--l"> <dt class="c__10">Submitted</dt> <dd class="c__14">22 Apr 2024</dd> </div> <div class="c fixpadt--l"> <dt class="c__10">Accepted</dt> <dd class="c__14">05 May 2024</dd> </div> <div class="c fixpadt--l"> <dt class="c__10">First published</dt> <dd class="c__14">21 May 2024</dd> </div> <div class="c fixpadt--l line-separator"> <div class="c__2" aria-hidden="true"><img src="https://www.rsc-cdn.org/pubs-core/2022.0.159/content/NewImages/open-access-icon-orange.png" alt="" height="24"></div> <dt class="c__16"> <strong>This article is Open Access</strong> <br><br><span style="font-weight: 300;">All publication charges for this article have been paid for by the Royal Society of Chemistry</span> </dt> <dd class="c__6 text--right"> <a rel="license" href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/" target="_blank" title="License information: This link will open in a new browser window"> <img src="https://www.rsc-cdn.org/pubs-core/2022.0.159/content/NewImages/CCBY-NC.svg" alt="Creative Commons BY-NC license" width="80" height="15" /> </a> </dd> </div> </dl> <div class="c fixpadt--l line-separator"> <div class="c__10"> <h3 class="definition-label"> <label for="ResultAbstractFormat"><span class="sr-only">Download</span> Citation</label> </h3> </div> <div class="c__14"> <i><strong>Chem. 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Water slowing down drives the occurrence of the low temperature dynamical transition in microgels - Chemical Science (RSC Publishing)