CINXE.COM
<!doctype html><html lang="en"><head><title data-rh="true">Building data services to bring education to millions, Part II | by Ronak Shah | Coursera Engineering | Medium</title><meta data-rh="true" charset="utf-8"/><meta data-rh="true" name="viewport" content="width=device-width,minimum-scale=1,initial-scale=1,maximum-scale=1"/><meta data-rh="true" name="theme-color" content="#000000"/><meta data-rh="true" name="twitter:app:name:iphone" content="Medium"/><meta data-rh="true" name="twitter:app:id:iphone" content="828256236"/><meta data-rh="true" property="al:ios:app_name" content="Medium"/><meta data-rh="true" property="al:ios:app_store_id" content="828256236"/><meta data-rh="true" property="al:android:package" content="com.medium.reader"/><meta data-rh="true" property="fb:app_id" content="542599432471018"/><meta data-rh="true" property="og:site_name" content="Medium"/><meta data-rh="true" property="og:type" content="article"/><meta data-rh="true" property="article:published_time" content="2018-08-10T01:45:49.804Z"/><meta data-rh="true" name="title" content="Building data services to bring education to millions, Part II | by Ronak Shah | Coursera Engineering | Medium"/><meta data-rh="true" property="og:title" content="Building data services to bring education to millions, Part II"/><meta data-rh="true" property="al:android:url" content="medium://p/38bd3b2e93b3"/><meta data-rh="true" property="al:ios:url" content="medium://p/38bd3b2e93b3"/><meta data-rh="true" property="al:android:app_name" content="Medium"/><meta data-rh="true" name="description" content="In this installment, we cover Coursera’s In-Platform Dashboards, which serve descriptive and advanced analytics in easy-to-read visualizations directly on the site. At our partner institutions, these…"/><meta data-rh="true" property="og:description" content="An embedded approach to in-platform analytics"/><meta data-rh="true" property="og:url" content="https://medium.com/coursera-engineering/building-data-services-to-bring-education-to-millions-part-ii-38bd3b2e93b3"/><meta data-rh="true" property="al:web:url" content="https://medium.com/coursera-engineering/building-data-services-to-bring-education-to-millions-part-ii-38bd3b2e93b3"/><meta data-rh="true" property="og:image" content="https://miro.medium.com/v2/da:true/resize:fit:775/0*jEPhiIj5ty6TCr8o"/><meta data-rh="true" property="article:author" content="https://medium.com/@ronyinusc"/><meta data-rh="true" name="author" content="Ronak Shah"/><meta data-rh="true" name="robots" content="index,noarchive,follow,max-image-preview:large"/><meta data-rh="true" name="referrer" content="unsafe-url"/><meta data-rh="true" property="twitter:title" content="Building data services to bring education to millions, Part II"/><meta data-rh="true" name="twitter:site" content="@CourseraEng"/><meta data-rh="true" name="twitter:app:url:iphone" content="medium://p/38bd3b2e93b3"/><meta data-rh="true" property="twitter:description" content="An embedded approach to in-platform analytics"/><meta data-rh="true" name="twitter:image:src" content="https://miro.medium.com/v2/da:true/resize:fit:775/0*jEPhiIj5ty6TCr8o"/><meta data-rh="true" name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image"/><meta data-rh="true" name="twitter:label1" content="Reading time"/><meta data-rh="true" name="twitter:data1" content="3 min read"/><link data-rh="true" rel="icon" href="https://miro.medium.com/v2/5d8de952517e8160e40ef9841c781cdc14a5db313057fa3c3de41c6f5b494b19"/><link data-rh="true" rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" title="Medium" href="/osd.xml"/><link data-rh="true" rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="152x152" href="https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fill:304:304/10fd5c419ac61637245384e7099e131627900034828f4f386bdaa47a74eae156"/><link data-rh="true" rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="120x120" href="https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fill:240:240/10fd5c419ac61637245384e7099e131627900034828f4f386bdaa47a74eae156"/><link data-rh="true" rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="76x76" href="https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fill:152:152/10fd5c419ac61637245384e7099e131627900034828f4f386bdaa47a74eae156"/><link data-rh="true" rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="60x60" href="https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fill:120:120/10fd5c419ac61637245384e7099e131627900034828f4f386bdaa47a74eae156"/><link data-rh="true" rel="mask-icon" href="https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fill:1000:1000/7*GAOKVe--MXbEJmV9230oOQ.png" color="#171717"/><link data-rh="true" rel="preconnect" href="https://glyph.medium.com" crossOrigin=""/><link data-rh="true" id="glyph_preload_link" rel="preload" as="style" type="text/css" href="https://glyph.medium.com/css/unbound.css"/><link data-rh="true" id="glyph_link" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="https://glyph.medium.com/css/unbound.css"/><link data-rh="true" rel="author" href="https://medium.com/@ronyinusc"/><link data-rh="true" rel="canonical" href="https://medium.com/coursera-engineering/building-data-services-to-bring-education-to-millions-part-ii-38bd3b2e93b3"/><link data-rh="true" rel="alternate" href="android-app://com.medium.reader/https/medium.com/p/38bd3b2e93b3"/><script data-rh="true" type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"http:\u002F\u002Fschema.org","@type":"NewsArticle","image":["https:\u002F\u002Fmiro.medium.com\u002Fv2\u002Fda:true\u002Fresize:fit:1200\u002F0*jEPhiIj5ty6TCr8o"],"url":"https:\u002F\u002Fmedium.com\u002Fcoursera-engineering\u002Fbuilding-data-services-to-bring-education-to-millions-part-ii-38bd3b2e93b3","dateCreated":"2018-06-18T21:16:45.024Z","datePublished":"2018-06-18T21:16:45.024Z","dateModified":"2018-08-10T01:45:49.804Z","headline":"Building data services to bring education to millions, Part II","name":"Building data services to bring education to millions, Part II","description":"In this installment, we cover Coursera’s In-Platform Dashboards, which serve descriptive and advanced analytics in easy-to-read visualizations directly on the site. At our partner institutions, these…","identifier":"38bd3b2e93b3","author":{"@type":"Person","name":"Ronak Shah","url":"https:\u002F\u002Fmedium.com\u002F@ronyinusc"},"creator":["Ronak Shah"],"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Coursera Engineering","url":"https:\u002F\u002Fmedium.com\u002Fcoursera-engineering","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","width":422,"height":60,"url":"https:\u002F\u002Fmiro.medium.com\u002Fv2\u002Fresize:fit:844\u002F1*zXjOKA4JKHH04Ipi2NI0jA.png"}},"mainEntityOfPage":"https:\u002F\u002Fmedium.com\u002Fcoursera-engineering\u002Fbuilding-data-services-to-bring-education-to-millions-part-ii-38bd3b2e93b3"}</script><style type="text/css" data-fela-rehydration="538" data-fela-type="STATIC">html{box-sizing:border-box;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%}*, *:before, *:after{box-sizing:inherit}body{margin:0;padding:0;text-rendering:optimizeLegibility;-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased;color:rgba(0,0,0,0.8);position:relative;min-height:100vh}h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6, dl, dd, ol, ul, menu, figure, blockquote, p, pre, form{margin:0}menu, ol, ul{padding:0;list-style:none;list-style-image:none}main{display:block}a{color:inherit;text-decoration:none}a, button, input{-webkit-tap-highlight-color:transparent}img, svg{vertical-align:middle}button{background:transparent;overflow:visible}button, input, optgroup, select, textarea{margin:0}:root{--reach-tabs:1;--reach-menu-button:1}#speechify-root{font-family:Sohne, sans-serif}div[data-popper-reference-hidden="true"]{visibility:hidden;pointer-events:none}.grecaptcha-badge{visibility:hidden} /*XCode style (c) Angel Garcia <angelgarcia.mail@gmail.com>*/.hljs {background: #fff;color: black; }/* Gray DOCTYPE selectors like WebKit */ .xml .hljs-meta {color: #c0c0c0; }.hljs-comment, .hljs-quote {color: #007400; }.hljs-tag, .hljs-attribute, .hljs-keyword, .hljs-selector-tag, .hljs-literal, .hljs-name {color: #aa0d91; }.hljs-variable, .hljs-template-variable {color: #3F6E74; }.hljs-code, .hljs-string, .hljs-meta .hljs-string {color: #c41a16; }.hljs-regexp, .hljs-link {color: #0E0EFF; }.hljs-title, .hljs-symbol, .hljs-bullet, .hljs-number {color: #1c00cf; }.hljs-section, .hljs-meta {color: #643820; }.hljs-title.class_, .hljs-class .hljs-title, .hljs-type, .hljs-built_in, .hljs-params {color: #5c2699; }.hljs-attr {color: #836C28; }.hljs-subst {color: #000; }.hljs-formula {background-color: #eee;font-style: italic; }.hljs-addition {background-color: #baeeba; }.hljs-deletion {background-color: #ffc8bd; }.hljs-selector-id, .hljs-selector-class {color: #9b703f; }.hljs-doctag, .hljs-strong {font-weight: bold; }.hljs-emphasis {font-style: italic; } </style><style type="text/css" data-fela-rehydration="538" data-fela-type="KEYFRAME">@-webkit-keyframes k1{0%{opacity:0.8}50%{opacity:0.5}100%{opacity:0.8}}@-moz-keyframes k1{0%{opacity:0.8}50%{opacity:0.5}100%{opacity:0.8}}@keyframes k1{0%{opacity:0.8}50%{opacity:0.5}100%{opacity:0.8}}</style><style type="text/css" data-fela-rehydration="538" data-fela-type="RULE">.a{font-family:medium-content-sans-serif-font, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, "Open Sans", "Helvetica Neue", sans-serif}.b{font-weight:400}.c{background-color:rgba(255, 255, 255, 1)}.l{display:block}.m{position:sticky}.n{top:0}.o{z-index:500}.p{padding:0 24px}.q{align-items:center}.r{border-bottom:solid 1px #F2F2F2}.y{height:41px}.z{line-height:20px}.ab{display:flex}.ac{height:57px}.ae{flex:1 0 auto}.af{color:inherit}.ag{fill:inherit}.ah{font-size:inherit}.ai{border:inherit}.aj{font-family:inherit}.ak{letter-spacing:inherit}.al{font-weight:inherit}.am{padding:0}.an{margin:0}.ao{cursor:pointer}.ap:disabled{cursor:not-allowed}.aq:disabled{color:#6B6B6B}.ar:disabled{fill:#6B6B6B}.au{width:auto}.av path{fill:#242424}.aw{height:25px}.ax{margin-left:16px}.ay{border:none}.az{border-radius:20px}.ba{width:240px}.bb{background:#F9F9F9}.bc path{fill:#6B6B6B}.be{outline:none}.bf{font-family:sohne, "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif}.bg{font-size:14px}.bh{width:100%}.bi{padding:10px 20px 10px 0}.bj{background-color:transparent}.bk{color:#242424}.bl::placeholder{color:#6B6B6B}.bm{display:inline-block}.bn{margin-left:12px}.bo{margin-right:12px}.bp{border-radius:4px}.bq{margin-left:24px}.br{height:24px}.bx{background-color:#F9F9F9}.by{border-radius:50%}.bz{height:32px}.ca{width:32px}.cb{justify-content:center}.ch{max-width:680px}.ci{min-width:0}.cj{animation:k1 1.2s ease-in-out infinite}.ck{height:100vh}.cl{margin-bottom:16px}.cm{margin-top:48px}.cn{align-items:flex-start}.co{flex-direction:column}.cp{justify-content:space-between}.cq{margin-bottom:24px}.cw{width:80%}.cx{background-color:#F2F2F2}.dd{height:44px}.de{width:44px}.df{margin:auto 0}.dg{margin-bottom:4px}.dh{height:16px}.di{width:120px}.dj{width:80px}.dp{margin-bottom:8px}.dq{width:96%}.dr{width:98%}.ds{width:81%}.dt{margin-left:8px}.du{color:#6B6B6B}.dv{font-size:13px}.dw{height:100%}.ep{color:#FFFFFF}.eq{fill:#FFFFFF}.er{background:rgba(99, 136, 191, 1)}.es{border-color:rgba(99, 136, 191, 1)}.ew:disabled{cursor:inherit !important}.ex:disabled{opacity:0.3}.ey:disabled:hover{background:rgba(99, 136, 191, 1)}.ez:disabled:hover{border-color:rgba(99, 136, 191, 1)}.fa{border-radius:99em}.fb{border-width:1px}.fc{border-style:solid}.fd{box-sizing:border-box}.fe{text-decoration:none}.ff{text-align:center}.fi{margin-right:32px}.fj{position:relative}.fk{fill:#6B6B6B}.fn{background:transparent}.fo svg{margin-left:4px}.fp svg{fill:#6B6B6B}.fr{box-shadow:inset 0 0 0 1px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.05)}.fs{position:absolute}.fz{margin:0 24px}.gd{background:rgba(255, 255, 255, 1)}.ge{border:1px solid #F2F2F2}.gf{box-shadow:0 1px 4px #F2F2F2}.gg{max-height:100vh}.gh{overflow-y:auto}.gi{left:0}.gj{top:calc(100vh + 100px)}.gk{bottom:calc(100vh + 100px)}.gl{width:10px}.gm{pointer-events:none}.gn{word-break:break-word}.go{word-wrap:break-word}.gp:after{display:block}.gq:after{content:""}.gr:after{clear:both}.gs{line-height:1.23}.gt{letter-spacing:0}.gu{font-style:normal}.gv{font-weight:700}.ia{align-items:baseline}.ib{width:48px}.ic{height:48px}.id{border:2px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 1)}.ie{z-index:0}.if{box-shadow:none}.ig{border:1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.05)}.ih{margin-left:-12px}.ii{width:28px}.ij{height:28px}.ik{z-index:1}.il{width:24px}.im{margin-bottom:2px}.in{flex-wrap:nowrap}.io{font-size:16px}.ip{line-height:24px}.ir{margin:0 8px}.is{display:inline}.it{color:rgba(99, 136, 191, 1)}.iu{fill:rgba(99, 136, 191, 1)}.ix{flex:0 0 auto}.ja{flex-wrap:wrap}.jd{white-space:pre-wrap}.je{margin-right:4px}.jf{overflow:hidden}.jg{max-height:20px}.jh{text-overflow:ellipsis}.ji{display:-webkit-box}.jj{-webkit-line-clamp:1}.jk{-webkit-box-orient:vertical}.jl{word-break:break-all}.jn{padding-left:8px}.jo{padding-right:8px}.kp> *{flex-shrink:0}.kq{overflow-x:scroll}.kr::-webkit-scrollbar{display:none}.ks{scrollbar-width:none}.kt{-ms-overflow-style:none}.ku{width:74px}.kv{flex-direction:row}.kw{z-index:2}.kz{-webkit-user-select:none}.la{border:0}.lb{fill:rgba(117, 117, 117, 1)}.le{outline:0}.lf{user-select:none}.lg> svg{pointer-events:none}.lp{cursor:progress}.lq{margin-left:4px}.lr{margin-top:0px}.ls{opacity:1}.lt{padding:4px 0}.lw{width:16px}.ly{display:inline-flex}.me{max-width:100%}.mf{padding:8px 2px}.mg svg{color:#6B6B6B}.mx{line-height:1.58}.my{letter-spacing:-0.004em}.mz{font-family:source-serif-pro, Georgia, Cambria, "Times New Roman", Times, serif}.nu{margin-bottom:-0.46em}.nv{font-style:italic}.nw{text-decoration:underline}.nx{margin-left:auto}.ny{margin-right:auto}.nz{max-width:775px}.of{clear:both}.oh{cursor:zoom-in}.oi{z-index:auto}.ok{height:auto}.ol{margin-top:10px}.om{max-width:728px}.op{font-style:inherit}.oq{max-width:1264px}.or{margin-top:32px}.os{margin-bottom:14px}.ot{padding-top:24px}.ou{padding-bottom:10px}.ov{background-color:#000000}.ow{height:3px}.ox{width:3px}.oy{margin-right:20px}.oz{margin-bottom:26px}.pa{margin-top:6px}.pb{margin-top:8px}.pc{margin-right:8px}.pd{padding:8px 16px}.pe{border-radius:100px}.pf{transition:background 300ms ease}.ph{white-space:nowrap}.pi{border-top:none}.pj{height:52px}.pk{max-height:52px}.pl{box-sizing:content-box}.pm{position:static}.po{max-width:155px}.pz{height:0px}.qa{margin-bottom:40px}.qb{margin-bottom:48px}.qp{border-radius:2px}.qr{height:64px}.qs{width:64px}.qt{align-self:flex-end}.qu{flex:1 1 auto}.ra{padding-right:4px}.rb{font-weight:500}.ro{margin-top:16px}.rp{color:rgba(255, 255, 255, 1)}.rq{fill:rgba(255, 255, 255, 1)}.rr{background:rgba(25, 25, 25, 1)}.rs{border-color:rgba(25, 25, 25, 1)}.rv:disabled{opacity:0.1}.rw:disabled:hover{background:rgba(25, 25, 25, 1)}.rx:disabled:hover{border-color:rgba(25, 25, 25, 1)}.sv{gap:18px}.sw{fill:rgba(61, 61, 61, 1)}.sy{fill:#242424}.sz{background:0}.ta{border-color:#242424}.tb:disabled:hover{color:#242424}.tc:disabled:hover{fill:#242424}.td:disabled:hover{border-color:#242424}.to{border-bottom:solid 1px #E5E5E5}.tp{margin-top:72px}.tq{padding:24px 0}.tr{margin-bottom:0px}.ts{margin-right:16px}.as:hover:not(:disabled){color:rgba(25, 25, 25, 1)}.at:hover:not(:disabled){fill:rgba(25, 25, 25, 1)}.et:hover{background:rgba(87, 117, 161, 1)}.eu:hover{border-color:rgba(87, 117, 161, 1)}.ev:hover{cursor:pointer}.fl:hover{color:#242424}.fm:hover{fill:#242424}.fq:hover svg{fill:#242424}.ft:hover{background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1)}.iq:hover{text-decoration:underline}.iv:hover:not(:disabled){color:rgba(87, 117, 161, 1)}.iw:hover:not(:disabled){fill:rgba(87, 117, 161, 1)}.ld:hover{fill:rgba(8, 8, 8, 1)}.lu:hover{fill:#000000}.lv:hover p{color:#000000}.lx:hover{color:#000000}.mh:hover svg{color:#000000}.pg:hover{background-color:#F2F2F2}.qq:hover{background-color:none}.rt:hover{background:#000000}.ru:hover{border-color:#242424}.sx:hover{fill:rgba(25, 25, 25, 1)}.bd:focus-within path{fill:#242424}.lc:focus{fill:rgba(8, 8, 8, 1)}.mi:focus svg{color:#000000}.oj:focus{transform:scale(1.01)}.lh:active{border-style:none}</style><style type="text/css" data-fela-rehydration="538" data-fela-type="RULE" media="all and (min-width: 1080px)">.d{display:none}.bw{width:64px}.cg{margin:0 64px}.cv{height:48px}.dc{margin-bottom:52px}.do{margin-bottom:48px}.ef{font-size:14px}.eg{line-height:20px}.em{font-size:13px}.eo{padding:5px 12px}.fh{display:flex}.fy{margin-bottom:68px}.gc{max-width:680px}.hq{font-size:42px}.hr{margin-top:1.19em}.hs{margin-bottom:32px}.ht{line-height:52px}.hu{letter-spacing:-0.011em}.hz{align-items:center}.kb{border-top:solid 1px #F2F2F2}.kc{border-bottom:solid 1px #F2F2F2}.kd{margin:32px 0 0}.ke{padding:3px 8px}.kn> *{margin-right:24px}.ko> :last-child{margin-right:0}.lo{margin-top:0px}.md{margin:0}.nq{font-size:20px}.nr{margin-top:2.14em}.ns{line-height:32px}.nt{letter-spacing:-0.003em}.oe{margin-top:56px}.pt{display:inline-block}.py{margin-bottom:104px}.qc{flex-direction:row}.qf{margin-bottom:0}.qg{margin-right:20px}.qv{max-width:500px}.rm{line-height:24px}.rn{letter-spacing:0}.sc{margin-bottom:88px}.sf{margin-bottom:72px}.ss{font-size:24px}.st{line-height:30px}.su{letter-spacing:-0.016em}.ti{width:min-width}.tn{padding-top:72px}</style><style type="text/css" data-fela-rehydration="538" data-fela-type="RULE" media="all and (max-width: 1079.98px)">.e{display:none}.ln{margin-top:0px}.on{margin-left:auto}.oo{text-align:center}.ps{display:inline-block}</style><style type="text/css" data-fela-rehydration="538" data-fela-type="RULE" media="all and (max-width: 903.98px)">.f{display:none}.lm{margin-top:0px}.pr{display:inline-block}</style><style type="text/css" data-fela-rehydration="538" data-fela-type="RULE" media="all and (max-width: 727.98px)">.g{display:none}.lk{margin-top:0px}.ll{margin-right:0px}.pq{display:inline-block}</style><style type="text/css" data-fela-rehydration="538" data-fela-type="RULE" media="all and (max-width: 551.98px)">.h{display:none}.s{display:flex}.t{justify-content:space-between}.bs{width:24px}.cc{margin:0 24px}.cr{height:40px}.cy{margin-bottom:44px}.dk{margin-bottom:32px}.dx{font-size:13px}.dy{line-height:20px}.eh{padding:0px 8px 1px}.fu{margin-bottom:4px}.gw{font-size:32px}.gx{margin-top:1.01em}.gy{margin-bottom:24px}.gz{line-height:38px}.ha{letter-spacing:-0.014em}.hv{align-items:flex-start}.iy{flex-direction:column}.jb{margin-bottom:2px}.jp{margin:24px -24px 0}.jq{padding:0}.kf> *{margin-right:8px}.kg> :last-child{margin-right:24px}.kx{margin-left:0px}.li{margin-top:0px}.lj{margin-right:0px}.lz{margin:0}.mj{border:1px solid #F2F2F2}.mk{border-radius:99em}.ml{padding:0px 16px 0px 12px}.mm{height:38px}.mn{align-items:center}.mp svg{margin-right:8px}.na{font-size:18px}.nb{margin-top:1.56em}.nc{line-height:28px}.nd{letter-spacing:-0.003em}.oa{margin-top:40px}.pp{display:inline-block}.pu{margin-bottom:96px}.qn{margin-bottom:20px}.qo{margin-right:0}.qz{max-width:100%}.rc{font-size:24px}.rd{line-height:30px}.re{letter-spacing:-0.016em}.ry{margin-bottom:64px}.sg{font-size:20px}.sh{line-height:24px}.si{letter-spacing:0}.te{width:100%}.tj{padding-top:48px}.mo:hover{border-color:#E5E5E5}</style><style type="text/css" data-fela-rehydration="538" data-fela-type="RULE" media="all and (min-width: 904px) and (max-width: 1079.98px)">.i{display:none}.bv{width:64px}.cf{margin:0 64px}.cu{height:48px}.db{margin-bottom:52px}.dn{margin-bottom:48px}.ed{font-size:14px}.ee{line-height:20px}.ek{font-size:13px}.el{padding:5px 12px}.fg{display:flex}.fx{margin-bottom:68px}.gb{max-width:680px}.hl{font-size:42px}.hm{margin-top:1.19em}.hn{margin-bottom:32px}.ho{line-height:52px}.hp{letter-spacing:-0.011em}.hy{align-items:center}.jx{border-top:solid 1px #F2F2F2}.jy{border-bottom:solid 1px #F2F2F2}.jz{margin:32px 0 0}.ka{padding:3px 8px}.kl> *{margin-right:24px}.km> :last-child{margin-right:0}.mc{margin:0}.nm{font-size:20px}.nn{margin-top:2.14em}.no{line-height:32px}.np{letter-spacing:-0.003em}.od{margin-top:56px}.px{margin-bottom:104px}.qd{flex-direction:row}.qh{margin-bottom:0}.qi{margin-right:20px}.qw{max-width:500px}.rk{line-height:24px}.rl{letter-spacing:0}.sb{margin-bottom:88px}.se{margin-bottom:72px}.sp{font-size:24px}.sq{line-height:30px}.sr{letter-spacing:-0.016em}.th{width:min-width}.tm{padding-top:72px}</style><style type="text/css" data-fela-rehydration="538" data-fela-type="RULE" media="all and (min-width: 728px) and (max-width: 903.98px)">.j{display:none}.w{display:flex}.x{justify-content:space-between}.bu{width:64px}.ce{margin:0 48px}.ct{height:48px}.da{margin-bottom:52px}.dm{margin-bottom:48px}.eb{font-size:13px}.ec{line-height:20px}.ej{padding:0px 8px 1px}.fw{margin-bottom:68px}.ga{max-width:680px}.hg{font-size:42px}.hh{margin-top:1.19em}.hi{margin-bottom:32px}.hj{line-height:52px}.hk{letter-spacing:-0.011em}.hx{align-items:center}.jt{border-top:solid 1px #F2F2F2}.ju{border-bottom:solid 1px #F2F2F2}.jv{margin:32px 0 0}.jw{padding:3px 8px}.kj> *{margin-right:24px}.kk> :last-child{margin-right:0}.mb{margin:0}.ni{font-size:20px}.nj{margin-top:2.14em}.nk{line-height:32px}.nl{letter-spacing:-0.003em}.oc{margin-top:56px}.pw{margin-bottom:104px}.qe{flex-direction:row}.qj{margin-bottom:0}.qk{margin-right:20px}.qx{max-width:500px}.ri{line-height:24px}.rj{letter-spacing:0}.sa{margin-bottom:88px}.sd{margin-bottom:72px}.sm{font-size:24px}.sn{line-height:30px}.so{letter-spacing:-0.016em}.tg{width:min-width}.tl{padding-top:72px}</style><style type="text/css" data-fela-rehydration="538" data-fela-type="RULE" media="all and (min-width: 552px) and (max-width: 727.98px)">.k{display:none}.u{display:flex}.v{justify-content:space-between}.bt{width:24px}.cd{margin:0 24px}.cs{height:40px}.cz{margin-bottom:44px}.dl{margin-bottom:32px}.dz{font-size:13px}.ea{line-height:20px}.ei{padding:0px 8px 1px}.fv{margin-bottom:4px}.hb{font-size:32px}.hc{margin-top:1.01em}.hd{margin-bottom:24px}.he{line-height:38px}.hf{letter-spacing:-0.014em}.hw{align-items:flex-start}.iz{flex-direction:column}.jc{margin-bottom:2px}.jr{margin:24px 0 0}.js{padding:0}.kh> *{margin-right:8px}.ki> :last-child{margin-right:8px}.ky{margin-left:0px}.ma{margin:0}.mq{border:1px solid #F2F2F2}.mr{border-radius:99em}.ms{padding:0px 16px 0px 12px}.mt{height:38px}.mu{align-items:center}.mw svg{margin-right:8px}.ne{font-size:18px}.nf{margin-top:1.56em}.ng{line-height:28px}.nh{letter-spacing:-0.003em}.ob{margin-top:40px}.pv{margin-bottom:96px}.ql{margin-bottom:20px}.qm{margin-right:0}.qy{max-width:100%}.rf{font-size:24px}.rg{line-height:30px}.rh{letter-spacing:-0.016em}.rz{margin-bottom:64px}.sj{font-size:20px}.sk{line-height:24px}.sl{letter-spacing:0}.tf{width:100%}.tk{padding-top:48px}.mv:hover{border-color:#E5E5E5}</style><style type="text/css" data-fela-rehydration="538" data-fela-type="RULE" media="print">.pn{display:none}</style><style type="text/css" data-fela-rehydration="538" data-fela-type="RULE" media="(orientation: landscape) and (max-width: 903.98px)">.jm{max-height:none}</style><style type="text/css" data-fela-rehydration="538" data-fela-type="RULE" media="(prefers-reduced-motion: no-preference)">.og{transition:transform 300ms cubic-bezier(0.2, 0, 0.2, 1)}</style></head><body><div id="root"><div class="a b c"><div class="d e f g h i j k"></div><script>document.domain = document.domain;</script><div class="l c"><div class="l m n o c"><div class="p q r s t u v w x i d y z"><a class="du ag dv bf ak b am an ao ap aq ar as at s u w i d q dw z" href="https://rsci.app.link/?%24canonical_url=https%3A%2F%2Fmedium.com%2Fp%2F38bd3b2e93b3&%7Efeature=LoOpenInAppButton&%7Echannel=ShowPostUnderCollection&source=---top_nav_layout_nav----------------------------------" rel="noopener follow">Open in app<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="10" height="10" fill="none" viewBox="0 0 10 10" class="dt"><path fill="currentColor" d="M.985 8.485a.375.375 0 1 0 .53.53zM8.75 1.25h.375A.375.375 0 0 0 8.75.875zM8.375 6.5a.375.375 0 1 0 .75 0zM3.5.875a.375.375 0 1 0 0 .75zm-1.985 8.14 7.5-7.5-.53-.53-7.5 7.5zm6.86-7.765V6.5h.75V1.25zM3.5 1.625h5.25v-.75H3.5z"></path></svg></a><div class="ab q"><p class="bf b dx dy dz ea eb ec ed ee ef eg du"><span><button class="bf b dx dy eh dz ea ei eb ec ej ek ee el em eg eo ep eq er es et eu ev ew ex ey ez fa fb fc fd bm fe ff" data-testid="headerSignUpButton">Sign up</button></span></p><div class="ax l"><p class="bf b dx dy dz ea eb ec ed ee ef eg du"><span><a class="af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at" data-testid="headerSignInButton" rel="noopener follow" href="/m/signin?operation=login&redirect=https%3A%2F%2Fmedium.com%2Fcoursera-engineering%2Fbuilding-data-services-to-bring-education-to-millions-part-ii-38bd3b2e93b3&source=post_page---top_nav_layout_nav-----------------------global_nav-----------">Sign in</a></span></p></div></div></div><div class="p q r ab ac"><div class="ab q ae"><a class="af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at ab" aria-label="Homepage" data-testid="headerMediumLogo" rel="noopener follow" href="/?source=---top_nav_layout_nav----------------------------------"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="719" height="160" fill="none" viewBox="0 0 719 160" class="au av aw"><path fill="#242424" d="m174.104 9.734.215-.047V8.02H130.39L89.6 103.89 48.81 8.021H1.472v1.666l.212.047c8.018 1.81 12.09 4.509 12.09 14.242V137.93c0 9.734-4.087 12.433-12.106 14.243l-.212.047v1.671h32.118v-1.665l-.213-.048c-8.018-1.809-12.089-4.509-12.089-14.242V30.586l52.399 123.305h2.972l53.925-126.743V140.75c-.687 7.688-4.721 10.062-11.982 11.701l-.215.05v1.652h55.948v-1.652l-.215-.05c-7.269-1.639-11.4-4.013-12.087-11.701l-.037-116.774h.037c0-9.733 4.071-12.432 12.087-14.242m25.555 75.488c.915-20.474 8.268-35.252 20.606-35.507 3.806.063 6.998 1.312 9.479 3.714 5.272 5.118 7.751 15.812 7.368 31.793zm-.553 5.77h65.573v-.275c-.186-15.656-4.721-27.834-13.466-36.196-7.559-7.227-18.751-11.203-30.507-11.203h-.263c-6.101 0-13.584 1.48-18.909 4.16-6.061 2.807-11.407 7.003-15.855 12.511-7.161 8.874-11.499 20.866-12.554 34.343q-.05.606-.092 1.212a50 50 0 0 0-.065 1.151 85.807 85.807 0 0 0-.094 5.689c.71 30.524 17.198 54.917 46.483 54.917 25.705 0 40.675-18.791 44.407-44.013l-1.886-.664c-6.557 13.556-18.334 21.771-31.738 20.769-18.297-1.369-32.314-19.922-31.042-42.395m139.722 41.359c-2.151 5.101-6.639 7.908-12.653 7.908s-11.513-4.129-15.418-11.63c-4.197-8.053-6.405-19.436-6.405-32.92 0-28.067 8.729-46.22 22.24-46.22 5.657 0 10.111 2.807 12.236 7.704zm43.499 20.008c-8.019-1.897-12.089-4.722-12.089-14.951V1.309l-48.716 14.353v1.757l.299-.024c6.72-.543 11.278.386 13.925 2.83 2.072 1.915 3.082 4.853 3.082 8.987v18.66c-4.803-3.067-10.516-4.56-17.448-4.56-14.059 0-26.909 5.92-36.176 16.672-9.66 11.205-14.767 26.518-14.767 44.278-.003 31.72 15.612 53.039 38.851 53.039 13.595 0 24.533-7.449 29.54-20.013v16.865h43.711v-1.746zM424.1 19.819c0-9.904-7.468-17.374-17.375-17.374-9.859 0-17.573 7.632-17.573 17.374s7.721 17.374 17.573 17.374c9.907 0 17.375-7.47 17.375-17.374m11.499 132.546c-8.019-1.897-12.089-4.722-12.089-14.951h-.035V43.635l-43.714 12.551v1.705l.263.024c9.458.842 12.047 4.1 12.047 15.152v81.086h43.751v-1.746zm112.013 0c-8.018-1.897-12.089-4.722-12.089-14.951V43.635l-41.621 12.137v1.71l.246.026c7.733.813 9.967 4.257 9.967 15.36v59.279c-2.578 5.102-7.415 8.131-13.274 8.336-9.503 0-14.736-6.419-14.736-18.073V43.638l-43.714 12.55v1.703l.262.024c9.459.84 12.05 4.097 12.05 15.152v50.17a56.3 56.3 0 0 0 .91 10.444l.787 3.423c3.701 13.262 13.398 20.197 28.59 20.197 12.868 0 24.147-7.966 29.115-20.43v17.311h43.714v-1.747zm169.818 1.788v-1.749l-.213-.05c-8.7-2.006-12.089-5.789-12.089-13.49v-63.79c0-19.89-11.171-31.761-29.883-31.761-13.64 0-25.141 7.882-29.569 20.16-3.517-13.01-13.639-20.16-28.606-20.16-13.146 0-23.449 6.938-27.869 18.657V43.643L545.487 55.68v1.715l.263.024c9.345.829 12.047 4.181 12.047 14.95v81.784h40.787v-1.746l-.215-.053c-6.941-1.631-9.181-4.606-9.181-12.239V66.998c1.836-4.289 5.537-9.37 12.853-9.37 9.086 0 13.692 6.296 13.692 18.697v77.828h40.797v-1.746l-.215-.053c-6.94-1.631-9.18-4.606-9.18-12.239V75.066a42 42 0 0 0-.578-7.26c1.947-4.661 5.86-10.177 13.475-10.177 9.214 0 13.691 6.114 13.691 18.696v77.828z"></path></svg></a><div class="ax h"><div class="ab ay az ba bb q bc bd"><div class="bm" aria-hidden="false" aria-describedby="searchResults" aria-labelledby="searchResults"></div><div class="bn bo ab"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24" fill="none" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path fill="currentColor" fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4.092 11.06a6.95 6.95 0 1 1 13.9 0 6.95 6.95 0 0 1-13.9 0m6.95-8.05a8.05 8.05 0 1 0 5.13 14.26l3.75 3.75a.56.56 0 1 0 .79-.79l-3.73-3.73A8.05 8.05 0 0 0 11.042 3z" clip-rule="evenodd"></path></svg></div><input role="combobox" aria-controls="searchResults" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="search" data-testid="headerSearchInput" tabindex="0" class="ay be bf bg z bh bi bj bk bl" placeholder="Search" value=""/></div></div></div><div class="h k w fg fh"><div class="fi ab"><span><a class="af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at" data-testid="headerWriteButton" rel="noopener follow" href="/m/signin?operation=register&redirect=https%3A%2F%2Fmedium.com%2Fnew-story&source=---top_nav_layout_nav-----------------------new_post_topnav-----------"><div class="bf b bg z du fj fk ab q fl fm"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24" fill="none" viewBox="0 0 24 24" aria-label="Write"><path fill="currentColor" d="M14 4a.5.5 0 0 0 0-1zm7 6a.5.5 0 0 0-1 0zm-7-7H4v1h10zM3 4v16h1V4zm1 17h16v-1H4zm17-1V10h-1v10zm-1 1a1 1 0 0 0 1-1h-1zM3 20a1 1 0 0 0 1 1v-1zM4 3a1 1 0 0 0-1 1h1z"></path><path stroke="currentColor" d="m17.5 4.5-8.458 8.458a.25.25 0 0 0-.06.098l-.824 2.47a.25.25 0 0 0 .316.316l2.47-.823a.25.25 0 0 0 .098-.06L19.5 6.5m-2-2 2.323-2.323a.25.25 0 0 1 .354 0l1.646 1.646a.25.25 0 0 1 0 .354L19.5 6.5m-2-2 2 2"></path></svg><div class="dt l">Write</div></div></a></span></div></div><div class="k j i d"><div class="fi ab"><a class="af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at" data-testid="headerSearchButton" rel="noopener follow" href="/search?source=---top_nav_layout_nav----------------------------------"><div class="bf b bg z du fj fk ab q fl fm"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24" fill="none" viewBox="0 0 24 24" aria-label="Search"><path fill="currentColor" fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4.092 11.06a6.95 6.95 0 1 1 13.9 0 6.95 6.95 0 0 1-13.9 0m6.95-8.05a8.05 8.05 0 1 0 5.13 14.26l3.75 3.75a.56.56 0 1 0 .79-.79l-3.73-3.73A8.05 8.05 0 0 0 11.042 3z" clip-rule="evenodd"></path></svg></div></a></div></div><div class="fi h k j"><div class="ab q"><p class="bf b dx dy dz ea eb ec ed ee ef eg du"><span><button class="bf b dx dy eh dz ea ei eb ec ej ek ee el em eg eo ep eq er es et eu ev ew ex ey ez fa fb fc fd bm fe ff" data-testid="headerSignUpButton">Sign up</button></span></p><div class="ax l"><p class="bf b dx dy dz ea eb ec ed ee ef eg du"><span><a class="af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at" data-testid="headerSignInButton" rel="noopener follow" href="/m/signin?operation=login&redirect=https%3A%2F%2Fmedium.com%2Fcoursera-engineering%2Fbuilding-data-services-to-bring-education-to-millions-part-ii-38bd3b2e93b3&source=post_page---top_nav_layout_nav-----------------------global_nav-----------">Sign in</a></span></p></div></div></div><div class="l" aria-hidden="false"><button class="ay fn am ab q ao fo fp fq" aria-label="user options menu" data-testid="headerUserIcon"><div class="l fj"><img alt="" class="l fd by bz ca cx" src="https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fill:64:64/1*dmbNkD5D-u45r44go_cf0g.png" width="32" height="32" loading="lazy" role="presentation"/><div class="fr by l bz ca fs n ay ft"></div></div></button></div></div></div><div class="l"><div class="fu fv fw fx fy l"><div class="ab cb"><div class="ci bh fz ga gb gc"></div></div><article><div class="l"><div class="l"><span class="l"></span><section><div><div class="fs gi gj gk gl gm"></div><div class="gn go gp gq gr"><div class="ab cb"><div class="ci bh fz ga gb gc"><div><h1 id="c3d1" class="pw-post-title gs gt gu bf gv gw gx gy gz ha hb hc hd he hf hg hh hi hj hk hl hm hn ho hp hq hr hs ht hu bk" data-testid="storyTitle">Building data services to bring education to millions, Part II</h1><div><div class="speechify-ignore ab cp"><div class="speechify-ignore bh l"><div class="hv hw hx hy hz ab"><div><div class="ab ia"><div><div class="bm" aria-hidden="false"><a rel="noopener follow" href="/@ronyinusc?source=post_page---byline--38bd3b2e93b3--------------------------------"><div class="l ib ic by id ie"><div class="l fj"><img alt="Ronak Shah" class="l fd by dd de cx" src="https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fill:88:88/1*18_2uiCFrWGBc6g0qbXuww.png" width="44" height="44" loading="lazy" data-testid="authorPhoto"/><div class="if by l dd de fs n ig ft"></div></div></div></a></div></div><div class="ih ab fj"><div><div class="bm" aria-hidden="false"><a href="https://medium.com/coursera-engineering?source=post_page---byline--38bd3b2e93b3--------------------------------" rel="noopener follow"><div class="l ii ij by id ik"><div class="l fj"><img alt="Coursera Engineering" class="l fd by br il cx" src="https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fill:48:48/1*j2vLJO9qZg435iRYfd2Mfg.png" width="24" height="24" loading="lazy" data-testid="publicationPhoto"/><div class="if by l br il fs n ig ft"></div></div></div></a></div></div></div></div></div><div class="bn bh l"><div class="ab"><div style="flex:1"><span class="bf b bg z bk"><div class="im ab q"><div class="ab q in"><div class="ab q"><div><div class="bm" aria-hidden="false"><p class="bf b io ip bk"><a class="af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar iq" data-testid="authorName" rel="noopener follow" href="/@ronyinusc?source=post_page---byline--38bd3b2e93b3--------------------------------">Ronak Shah</a></p></div></div></div><span class="ir is" aria-hidden="true"><span class="bf b bg z du">·</span></span><p class="bf b io ip du"><span><a class="it iu ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar ex iv iw" rel="noopener follow" href="/m/signin?actionUrl=https%3A%2F%2Fmedium.com%2F_%2Fsubscribe%2Fuser%2F1fc56da4b674&operation=register&redirect=https%3A%2F%2Fmedium.com%2Fcoursera-engineering%2Fbuilding-data-services-to-bring-education-to-millions-part-ii-38bd3b2e93b3&user=Ronak+Shah&userId=1fc56da4b674&source=post_page-1fc56da4b674--byline--38bd3b2e93b3---------------------post_header-----------">Follow</a></span></p></div></div></span></div></div><div class="l ix"><span class="bf b bg z du"><div class="ab cn iy iz ja"><div class="jb jc ab"><div class="bf b bg z du ab jd"><span class="je l ix">Published in</span><div><div class="l" aria-hidden="false"><a class="af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar iq ab q" data-testid="publicationName" href="https://medium.com/coursera-engineering?source=post_page---byline--38bd3b2e93b3--------------------------------" rel="noopener follow"><p class="bf b bg z jf jg jh ji jj jk jl jm bk">Coursera Engineering</p></a></div></div></div><div class="h k"><span class="ir is" aria-hidden="true"><span class="bf b bg z du">·</span></span></div></div><span class="bf b bg z du"><div class="ab ae"><span data-testid="storyReadTime">3 min read</span><div class="jn jo l" aria-hidden="true"><span class="l" aria-hidden="true"><span class="bf b bg z du">·</span></span></div><span data-testid="storyPublishDate">Jun 18, 2018</span></div></span></div></span></div></div></div><div class="ab cp jp jq jr js jt ju jv jw jx jy jz ka kb kc kd ke"><div class="h k w fg fh q"><div class="ku l"><div class="ab q kv kw"><div class="pw-multi-vote-icon fj je kx ky kz"><span><a class="af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at" data-testid="headerClapButton" rel="noopener follow" href="/m/signin?actionUrl=https%3A%2F%2Fmedium.com%2F_%2Fvote%2Fcoursera-engineering%2F38bd3b2e93b3&operation=register&redirect=https%3A%2F%2Fmedium.com%2Fcoursera-engineering%2Fbuilding-data-services-to-bring-education-to-millions-part-ii-38bd3b2e93b3&user=Ronak+Shah&userId=1fc56da4b674&source=---header_actions--38bd3b2e93b3---------------------clap_footer-----------"><div><div class="bm" aria-hidden="false"><div class="la ao lb lc ld le am lf lg lh kz"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" aria-label="clap"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M11.37.828 12 3.282l.63-2.454zM13.916 3.953l1.523-2.112-1.184-.39zM8.589 1.84l1.522 2.112-.337-2.501zM18.523 18.92c-.86.86-1.75 1.246-2.62 1.33a6 6 0 0 0 .407-.372c2.388-2.389 2.86-4.951 1.399-7.623l-.912-1.603-.79-1.672c-.26-.56-.194-.98.203-1.288a.7.7 0 0 1 .546-.132c.283.046.546.231.728.5l2.363 4.157c.976 1.624 1.141 4.237-1.324 6.702m-10.999-.438L3.37 14.328a.828.828 0 0 1 .585-1.408.83.83 0 0 1 .585.242l2.158 2.157a.365.365 0 0 0 .516-.516l-2.157-2.158-1.449-1.449a.826.826 0 0 1 1.167-1.17l3.438 3.44a.363.363 0 0 0 .516 0 .364.364 0 0 0 0-.516L5.293 9.513l-.97-.97a.826.826 0 0 1 0-1.166.84.84 0 0 1 1.167 0l.97.968 3.437 3.436a.36.36 0 0 0 .517 0 .366.366 0 0 0 0-.516L6.977 7.83a.82.82 0 0 1-.241-.584.82.82 0 0 1 .824-.826c.219 0 .43.087.584.242l5.787 5.787a.366.366 0 0 0 .587-.415l-1.117-2.363c-.26-.56-.194-.98.204-1.289a.7.7 0 0 1 .546-.132c.283.046.545.232.727.501l2.193 3.86c1.302 2.38.883 4.59-1.277 6.75-1.156 1.156-2.602 1.627-4.19 1.367-1.418-.236-2.866-1.033-4.079-2.246M10.75 5.971l2.12 2.12c-.41.502-.465 1.17-.128 1.89l.22.465-3.523-3.523a.8.8 0 0 1-.097-.368c0-.22.086-.428.241-.584a.847.847 0 0 1 1.167 0m7.355 1.705c-.31-.461-.746-.758-1.23-.837a1.44 1.44 0 0 0-1.11.275c-.312.24-.505.543-.59.881a1.74 1.74 0 0 0-.906-.465 1.47 1.47 0 0 0-.82.106l-2.182-2.182a1.56 1.56 0 0 0-2.2 0 1.54 1.54 0 0 0-.396.701 1.56 1.56 0 0 0-2.21-.01 1.55 1.55 0 0 0-.416.753c-.624-.624-1.649-.624-2.237-.037a1.557 1.557 0 0 0 0 2.2c-.239.1-.501.238-.715.453a1.56 1.56 0 0 0 0 2.2l.516.515a1.556 1.556 0 0 0-.753 2.615L7.01 19c1.32 1.319 2.909 2.189 4.475 2.449q.482.08.971.08c.85 0 1.653-.198 2.393-.579.231.033.46.054.686.054 1.266 0 2.457-.52 3.505-1.567 2.763-2.763 2.552-5.734 1.439-7.586z" clip-rule="evenodd"></path></svg></div></div></div></a></span></div><div class="pw-multi-vote-count l li lj lk ll lm ln lo"><p class="bf b dv z du"><span class="lp">--</span></p></div></div></div><div><div class="bm" aria-hidden="false"><button class="ao la ls lt ab q fk lu lv" aria-label="responses"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="lr"><path d="M18.006 16.803c1.533-1.456 2.234-3.325 2.234-5.321C20.24 7.357 16.709 4 12.191 4S4 7.357 4 11.482c0 4.126 3.674 7.482 8.191 7.482.817 0 1.622-.111 2.393-.327.231.2.48.391.744.559 1.06.693 2.203 1.044 3.399 1.044.224-.008.4-.112.486-.287a.49.49 0 0 0-.042-.518c-.495-.67-.845-1.364-1.04-2.057a4 4 0 0 1-.125-.598zm-3.122 1.055-.067-.223-.315.096a8 8 0 0 1-2.311.338c-4.023 0-7.292-2.955-7.292-6.587 0-3.633 3.269-6.588 7.292-6.588 4.014 0 7.112 2.958 7.112 6.593 0 1.794-.608 3.469-2.027 4.72l-.195.168v.255c0 .056 0 .151.016.295.025.231.081.478.154.733.154.558.398 1.117.722 1.659a5.3 5.3 0 0 1-2.165-.845c-.276-.176-.714-.383-.941-.59z"></path></svg><p class="bf b dv z du"><span class="pw-responses-count lq lr">1</span></p></button></div></div></div><div class="ab q kf kg kh ki kj kk kl km kn ko kp kq kr ks kt"><div class="lw k j i d"></div><div class="h k"><div><div class="bm" aria-hidden="false"><span><a class="af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at" data-testid="headerBookmarkButton" rel="noopener follow" href="/m/signin?actionUrl=https%3A%2F%2Fmedium.com%2F_%2Fbookmark%2Fp%2F38bd3b2e93b3&operation=register&redirect=https%3A%2F%2Fmedium.com%2Fcoursera-engineering%2Fbuilding-data-services-to-bring-education-to-millions-part-ii-38bd3b2e93b3&source=---header_actions--38bd3b2e93b3---------------------bookmark_footer-----------"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="25" height="25" fill="none" viewBox="0 0 25 25" class="du lx" aria-label="Add to list bookmark button"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18 2.5a.5.5 0 0 1 1 0V5h2.5a.5.5 0 0 1 0 1H19v2.5a.5.5 0 1 1-1 0V6h-2.5a.5.5 0 0 1 0-1H18zM7 7a1 1 0 0 1 1-1h3.5a.5.5 0 0 0 0-1H8a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v14a.5.5 0 0 0 .805.396L12.5 17l5.695 4.396A.5.5 0 0 0 19 21v-8.5a.5.5 0 0 0-1 0v7.485l-5.195-4.012a.5.5 0 0 0-.61 0L7 19.985z"></path></svg></a></span></div></div></div><div class="fd ly cn"><div class="l ae"><div class="ab cb"><div class="lz ma mb mc md me ci bh"><div class="ab"><div class="bm bh" aria-hidden="false"><div><div class="bm" aria-hidden="false"><button aria-label="Listen" data-testid="audioPlayButton" class="af fk ah ai aj ak al mf an ao ap ex mg mh lv mi mj mk ml mm s mn mo mp mq mr ms mt u mu mv mw"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24" fill="none" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path fill="currentColor" fill-rule="evenodd" d="M3 12a9 9 0 1 1 18 0 9 9 0 0 1-18 0m9-10C6.477 2 2 6.477 2 12s4.477 10 10 10 10-4.477 10-10S17.523 2 12 2m3.376 10.416-4.599 3.066a.5.5 0 0 1-.777-.416V8.934a.5.5 0 0 1 .777-.416l4.599 3.066a.5.5 0 0 1 0 .832" clip-rule="evenodd"></path></svg><div class="j i d"><p class="bf b bg z du">Listen</p></div></button></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="bm" aria-hidden="false" aria-describedby="postFooterSocialMenu" aria-labelledby="postFooterSocialMenu"><div><div class="bm" aria-hidden="false"><button aria-controls="postFooterSocialMenu" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Share Post" data-testid="headerSocialShareButton" class="af fk ah ai aj ak al mf an ao ap ex mg mh lv mi mj mk ml mm s mn mo mp mq mr ms mt u mu mv mw"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24" fill="none" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path fill="currentColor" fill-rule="evenodd" d="M15.218 4.931a.4.4 0 0 1-.118.132l.012.006a.45.45 0 0 1-.292.074.5.5 0 0 1-.3-.13l-2.02-2.02v7.07c0 .28-.23.5-.5.5s-.5-.22-.5-.5v-7.04l-2 2a.45.45 0 0 1-.57.04h-.02a.4.4 0 0 1-.16-.3.4.4 0 0 1 .1-.32l2.8-2.8a.5.5 0 0 1 .7 0l2.8 2.79a.42.42 0 0 1 .068.498m-.106.138.008.004v-.01zM16 7.063h1.5a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v10a2 2 0 0 1-2 2h-11c-1.1 0-2-.9-2-2v-10a2 2 0 0 1 2-2H8a.5.5 0 0 1 .35.15.5.5 0 0 1 .15.35.5.5 0 0 1-.15.35.5.5 0 0 1-.35.15H6.4c-.5 0-.9.4-.9.9v10.2a.9.9 0 0 0 .9.9h11.2c.5 0 .9-.4.9-.9v-10.2c0-.5-.4-.9-.9-.9H16a.5.5 0 0 1 0-1" clip-rule="evenodd"></path></svg><div class="j i d"><p class="bf b bg z du">Share</p></div></button></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><p id="7541" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mx my gu mz b na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no np nq nr ns nt nu gn bk"><strong class="mz gv">An embedded approach to in-platform analytics</strong></p><p id="9d9d" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mx my gu mz b na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no np nq nr ns nt nu gn bk"><em class="nv">This post was co-authored with </em><a class="af nw" rel="noopener" href="/@juhisingh_48410"><em class="nv">Juhi Singh</em></a><em class="nv"> and is Part II of the series (Part I </em><a class="af nw" rel="noopener" href="/p/2222647aae28"><em class="nv">here</em></a><em class="nv">).</em></p><p id="97cc" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mx my gu mz b na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no np nq nr ns nt nu gn bk">In this installment, we cover Coursera’s In-Platform Dashboards, which serve descriptive and advanced analytics in easy-to-read visualizations directly on the site. At our partner institutions, these are consumed by instructors all the way up to program leaders; and among enterprise customers, from individual managers to heads of Learning and Development. The common thread? The need for aggregated <em class="nv">insights</em> for decision-making — and lightweight access to those insights, ideally right on the platform.</p><p id="e5c6" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mx my gu mz b na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no np nq nr ns nt nu gn bk">At Coursera, we’ve provided in-platform analytics for years. Our initial dashboards were for university partners, and we built them end-to-end in-house. At first, home-grown dashboards had the benefit of being fully flexible and limited cost expenditure. However, as our data needs grew — both for our partners, and then also for enterprise administrators in our newly-launched Coursera for Business channel — we realized that leveraging external options could help us respond more nimbly to the varying data needs of stakeholders across our community.</p><p id="a7cb" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mx my gu mz b na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no np nq nr ns nt nu gn bk">As a result, a little over a year ago, we started exploring third-party solutions to facilitate in-platform analytics, and we made the leap to pilot Looker (our then internal reporting tool) as an embedded solution in the platform.</p><p id="8183" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mx my gu mz b na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no np nq nr ns nt nu gn bk">With little more than a quarter’s work by a single data engineer, we went from nothing to a full suite of high-quality dashboards for our Enterprise customers. These included descriptive data — for example on enrollments, course progress, and learner feedback — as well as advanced analytics on areas like skill development and ROI. The dashboards were a hit from the start, frequently cited by our customers at conferences and round-tables as one of their favorite admin features.</p><figure class="oa ob oc od oe of nx ny paragraph-image"><div role="button" tabindex="0" class="og oh fj oi bh oj"><div class="nx ny nz"><picture><source srcSet="https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:640/format:webp/0*jEPhiIj5ty6TCr8o 640w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:720/format:webp/0*jEPhiIj5ty6TCr8o 720w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:750/format:webp/0*jEPhiIj5ty6TCr8o 750w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:786/format:webp/0*jEPhiIj5ty6TCr8o 786w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:828/format:webp/0*jEPhiIj5ty6TCr8o 828w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1100/format:webp/0*jEPhiIj5ty6TCr8o 1100w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1400/format:webp/0*jEPhiIj5ty6TCr8o 1400w" sizes="(min-resolution: 4dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 50vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 4) and (max-width: 700px) 50vw, (min-resolution: 3dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 67vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 3) and (max-width: 700px) 65vw, (min-resolution: 2.5dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 80vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2.5) and (max-width: 700px) 80vw, (min-resolution: 2dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 100vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2) and (max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px" type="image/webp"/><source data-testid="og" srcSet="https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:640/0*jEPhiIj5ty6TCr8o 640w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:720/0*jEPhiIj5ty6TCr8o 720w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:750/0*jEPhiIj5ty6TCr8o 750w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:786/0*jEPhiIj5ty6TCr8o 786w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:828/0*jEPhiIj5ty6TCr8o 828w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1100/0*jEPhiIj5ty6TCr8o 1100w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1400/0*jEPhiIj5ty6TCr8o 1400w" sizes="(min-resolution: 4dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 50vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 4) and (max-width: 700px) 50vw, (min-resolution: 3dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 67vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 3) and (max-width: 700px) 65vw, (min-resolution: 2.5dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 80vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2.5) and (max-width: 700px) 80vw, (min-resolution: 2dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 100vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2) and (max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px"/><img alt="" class="bh me ok c" width="700" height="564" loading="eager" role="presentation"/></picture></div></div><figcaption class="ol ff om nx ny on oo bf b bg z du"><em class="op">Example data visualization that helps our enterprise customers understand new skills acquired using Coursera.</em></figcaption></figure><p id="917e" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mx my gu mz b na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no np nq nr ns nt nu gn bk">Given the quality and efficiency of the embedded solution, we doubled down, pursuing a similar approach for our university and industry partners, and with similarly impactful results. The screenshot below shows one example: the course-progress funnel provides instructors with insights into how learners are progressing through a given course and where they are falling off.</p><figure class="oa ob oc od oe of nx ny paragraph-image"><div role="button" tabindex="0" class="og oh fj oi bh oj"><div class="nx ny oq"><picture><source srcSet="https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:640/format:webp/0*xrXLeVM7NrBcwtWP 640w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:720/format:webp/0*xrXLeVM7NrBcwtWP 720w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:750/format:webp/0*xrXLeVM7NrBcwtWP 750w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:786/format:webp/0*xrXLeVM7NrBcwtWP 786w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:828/format:webp/0*xrXLeVM7NrBcwtWP 828w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1100/format:webp/0*xrXLeVM7NrBcwtWP 1100w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1400/format:webp/0*xrXLeVM7NrBcwtWP 1400w" sizes="(min-resolution: 4dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 50vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 4) and (max-width: 700px) 50vw, (min-resolution: 3dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 67vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 3) and (max-width: 700px) 65vw, (min-resolution: 2.5dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 80vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2.5) and (max-width: 700px) 80vw, (min-resolution: 2dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 100vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2) and (max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px" type="image/webp"/><source data-testid="og" srcSet="https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:640/0*xrXLeVM7NrBcwtWP 640w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:720/0*xrXLeVM7NrBcwtWP 720w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:750/0*xrXLeVM7NrBcwtWP 750w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:786/0*xrXLeVM7NrBcwtWP 786w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:828/0*xrXLeVM7NrBcwtWP 828w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1100/0*xrXLeVM7NrBcwtWP 1100w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1400/0*xrXLeVM7NrBcwtWP 1400w" sizes="(min-resolution: 4dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 50vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 4) and (max-width: 700px) 50vw, (min-resolution: 3dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 67vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 3) and (max-width: 700px) 65vw, (min-resolution: 2.5dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 80vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2.5) and (max-width: 700px) 80vw, (min-resolution: 2dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 100vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2) and (max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px"/><img alt="" class="bh me ok c" width="700" height="377" loading="lazy" role="presentation"/></picture></div></div><figcaption class="ol ff om nx ny on oo bf b bg z du"><em class="op">Example viz from our partner center providing insights into how learners are progressing through courses</em></figcaption></figure><p id="d9bc" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mx my gu mz b na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no np nq nr ns nt nu gn bk">One concern our design team had when we first pursued this embedded approach was the limitations in the flexibility of the visualization that reporting tools like Looker and Tableau would support. Fortunately, this has not been a blocker. The tools allow us to build flexibly using d3 or other charting libraries; dynamic filtering has been a great asset for us, allowing us to customize visualizations across individuals; and some of the most desirable features, such as the ability to download PDFs and raw data further enhance the analytical experience.</p><p id="6bb4" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mx my gu mz b na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no np nq nr ns nt nu gn bk">Operationally, we take a service-oriented architecture approach. Product engineering is responsible only for embedding the data visualization in the front end using i-frames; all other efforts — from building the backend data pipelines to building downloadable visualizations — resides with the data engineering team.</p><p id="d73b" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mx my gu mz b na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no np nq nr ns nt nu gn bk">For Coursera and our external stakeholders, embedded analytics have been a win-win. Our partners and enterprise customers love that we are getting high-quality data and visualizations in front of them more quickly. Our product engineers appreciate that they can focus on Coursera’s core teaching and learning experience. And our data engineers love that they can efficiently design, build, and ship innovative new on-platform analytics straight to end users.</p><p id="dafa" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mx my gu mz b na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no np nq nr ns nt nu gn bk">Interested in learning more? Check out <a class="af nw" rel="noopener" href="/coursera-engineering/building-data-services-to-bring-education-to-millions-part-iii-d34e5f37303"><em class="nv">Part III Piloting Self-Serve Analytics as a Service</em></a><em class="nv">.</em></p></div></div></div><div class="ab cb or os ot ou" role="separator"><span class="ov by bm ow ox oy"></span><span class="ov by bm ow ox oy"></span><span class="ov by bm ow ox"></span></div><div class="gn go gp gq gr"><div class="ab cb"><div class="ci bh fz ga gb gc"><p id="e705" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mx my gu mz b na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no np nq nr ns nt nu gn bk"><em class="nv">Interested in Data Engineering @ Coursera? </em><a class="af nw" href="https://about.coursera.org/careers/careers/opportunities/data-science/" rel="noopener ugc nofollow" target="_blank"><em class="nv">We’re hiring!</em></a></p></div></div></div></div></section></div></div></article></div><div class="ab cb"><div class="ci bh fz ga gb gc"><div class="oz pa ab ja"><div class="pb ab"><a class="pc ay am ao" rel="noopener follow" href="/tag/data-engineering?source=post_page-----38bd3b2e93b3--------------------------------"><div class="pd fj cx pe ge pf pg bf b bg z bk ph">Data Engineering</div></a></div><div class="pb ab"><a class="pc ay am ao" rel="noopener follow" href="/tag/data-access?source=post_page-----38bd3b2e93b3--------------------------------"><div class="pd fj cx pe ge pf pg bf b bg z bk ph">Data Access</div></a></div><div class="pb ab"><a class="pc ay am ao" rel="noopener follow" href="/tag/data-visualization?source=post_page-----38bd3b2e93b3--------------------------------"><div class="pd fj cx pe ge pf pg bf b bg z bk ph">Data Visualization</div></a></div><div class="pb ab"><a class="pc ay am ao" rel="noopener follow" href="/tag/data-analysis?source=post_page-----38bd3b2e93b3--------------------------------"><div class="pd fj cx pe ge pf pg bf b bg z bk ph">Data Analysis</div></a></div><div class="pb ab"><a class="pc ay am ao" rel="noopener follow" href="/tag/data-science?source=post_page-----38bd3b2e93b3--------------------------------"><div class="pd fj cx pe ge pf pg bf b bg z bk ph">Data Science</div></a></div></div></div></div><div class="l"></div><footer class="pi os pj pk pl ab q pm ik c"><div class="l ae"><div class="ab cb"><div class="ci bh fz ga gb gc"><div class="ab cp pn"><div class="ab q kv"><div class="po l"><span class="l pp pq pr e d"><div class="ab q kv kw"><div class="pw-multi-vote-icon fj je kx ky kz"><span><a class="af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at" data-testid="footerClapButton" rel="noopener follow" href="/m/signin?actionUrl=https%3A%2F%2Fmedium.com%2F_%2Fvote%2Fcoursera-engineering%2F38bd3b2e93b3&operation=register&redirect=https%3A%2F%2Fmedium.com%2Fcoursera-engineering%2Fbuilding-data-services-to-bring-education-to-millions-part-ii-38bd3b2e93b3&user=Ronak+Shah&userId=1fc56da4b674&source=---footer_actions--38bd3b2e93b3---------------------clap_footer-----------"><div><div class="bm" aria-hidden="false"><div class="la ao lb lc ld le am lf lg lh kz"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" aria-label="clap"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M11.37.828 12 3.282l.63-2.454zM13.916 3.953l1.523-2.112-1.184-.39zM8.589 1.84l1.522 2.112-.337-2.501zM18.523 18.92c-.86.86-1.75 1.246-2.62 1.33a6 6 0 0 0 .407-.372c2.388-2.389 2.86-4.951 1.399-7.623l-.912-1.603-.79-1.672c-.26-.56-.194-.98.203-1.288a.7.7 0 0 1 .546-.132c.283.046.546.231.728.5l2.363 4.157c.976 1.624 1.141 4.237-1.324 6.702m-10.999-.438L3.37 14.328a.828.828 0 0 1 .585-1.408.83.83 0 0 1 .585.242l2.158 2.157a.365.365 0 0 0 .516-.516l-2.157-2.158-1.449-1.449a.826.826 0 0 1 1.167-1.17l3.438 3.44a.363.363 0 0 0 .516 0 .364.364 0 0 0 0-.516L5.293 9.513l-.97-.97a.826.826 0 0 1 0-1.166.84.84 0 0 1 1.167 0l.97.968 3.437 3.436a.36.36 0 0 0 .517 0 .366.366 0 0 0 0-.516L6.977 7.83a.82.82 0 0 1-.241-.584.82.82 0 0 1 .824-.826c.219 0 .43.087.584.242l5.787 5.787a.366.366 0 0 0 .587-.415l-1.117-2.363c-.26-.56-.194-.98.204-1.289a.7.7 0 0 1 .546-.132c.283.046.545.232.727.501l2.193 3.86c1.302 2.38.883 4.59-1.277 6.75-1.156 1.156-2.602 1.627-4.19 1.367-1.418-.236-2.866-1.033-4.079-2.246M10.75 5.971l2.12 2.12c-.41.502-.465 1.17-.128 1.89l.22.465-3.523-3.523a.8.8 0 0 1-.097-.368c0-.22.086-.428.241-.584a.847.847 0 0 1 1.167 0m7.355 1.705c-.31-.461-.746-.758-1.23-.837a1.44 1.44 0 0 0-1.11.275c-.312.24-.505.543-.59.881a1.74 1.74 0 0 0-.906-.465 1.47 1.47 0 0 0-.82.106l-2.182-2.182a1.56 1.56 0 0 0-2.2 0 1.54 1.54 0 0 0-.396.701 1.56 1.56 0 0 0-2.21-.01 1.55 1.55 0 0 0-.416.753c-.624-.624-1.649-.624-2.237-.037a1.557 1.557 0 0 0 0 2.2c-.239.1-.501.238-.715.453a1.56 1.56 0 0 0 0 2.2l.516.515a1.556 1.556 0 0 0-.753 2.615L7.01 19c1.32 1.319 2.909 2.189 4.475 2.449q.482.08.971.08c.85 0 1.653-.198 2.393-.579.231.033.46.054.686.054 1.266 0 2.457-.52 3.505-1.567 2.763-2.763 2.552-5.734 1.439-7.586z" clip-rule="evenodd"></path></svg></div></div></div></a></span></div><div class="pw-multi-vote-count l li lj lk ll lm ln lo"><p class="bf b dv z du"><span class="lp">--</span></p></div></div></span><span class="l h g f ps pt"><div class="ab q kv kw"><div class="pw-multi-vote-icon fj je kx ky kz"><span><a class="af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at" data-testid="footerClapButton" rel="noopener follow" href="/m/signin?actionUrl=https%3A%2F%2Fmedium.com%2F_%2Fvote%2Fcoursera-engineering%2F38bd3b2e93b3&operation=register&redirect=https%3A%2F%2Fmedium.com%2Fcoursera-engineering%2Fbuilding-data-services-to-bring-education-to-millions-part-ii-38bd3b2e93b3&user=Ronak+Shah&userId=1fc56da4b674&source=---footer_actions--38bd3b2e93b3---------------------clap_footer-----------"><div><div class="bm" aria-hidden="false"><div class="la ao lb lc ld le am lf lg lh kz"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" aria-label="clap"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M11.37.828 12 3.282l.63-2.454zM13.916 3.953l1.523-2.112-1.184-.39zM8.589 1.84l1.522 2.112-.337-2.501zM18.523 18.92c-.86.86-1.75 1.246-2.62 1.33a6 6 0 0 0 .407-.372c2.388-2.389 2.86-4.951 1.399-7.623l-.912-1.603-.79-1.672c-.26-.56-.194-.98.203-1.288a.7.7 0 0 1 .546-.132c.283.046.546.231.728.5l2.363 4.157c.976 1.624 1.141 4.237-1.324 6.702m-10.999-.438L3.37 14.328a.828.828 0 0 1 .585-1.408.83.83 0 0 1 .585.242l2.158 2.157a.365.365 0 0 0 .516-.516l-2.157-2.158-1.449-1.449a.826.826 0 0 1 1.167-1.17l3.438 3.44a.363.363 0 0 0 .516 0 .364.364 0 0 0 0-.516L5.293 9.513l-.97-.97a.826.826 0 0 1 0-1.166.84.84 0 0 1 1.167 0l.97.968 3.437 3.436a.36.36 0 0 0 .517 0 .366.366 0 0 0 0-.516L6.977 7.83a.82.82 0 0 1-.241-.584.82.82 0 0 1 .824-.826c.219 0 .43.087.584.242l5.787 5.787a.366.366 0 0 0 .587-.415l-1.117-2.363c-.26-.56-.194-.98.204-1.289a.7.7 0 0 1 .546-.132c.283.046.545.232.727.501l2.193 3.86c1.302 2.38.883 4.59-1.277 6.75-1.156 1.156-2.602 1.627-4.19 1.367-1.418-.236-2.866-1.033-4.079-2.246M10.75 5.971l2.12 2.12c-.41.502-.465 1.17-.128 1.89l.22.465-3.523-3.523a.8.8 0 0 1-.097-.368c0-.22.086-.428.241-.584a.847.847 0 0 1 1.167 0m7.355 1.705c-.31-.461-.746-.758-1.23-.837a1.44 1.44 0 0 0-1.11.275c-.312.24-.505.543-.59.881a1.74 1.74 0 0 0-.906-.465 1.47 1.47 0 0 0-.82.106l-2.182-2.182a1.56 1.56 0 0 0-2.2 0 1.54 1.54 0 0 0-.396.701 1.56 1.56 0 0 0-2.21-.01 1.55 1.55 0 0 0-.416.753c-.624-.624-1.649-.624-2.237-.037a1.557 1.557 0 0 0 0 2.2c-.239.1-.501.238-.715.453a1.56 1.56 0 0 0 0 2.2l.516.515a1.556 1.556 0 0 0-.753 2.615L7.01 19c1.32 1.319 2.909 2.189 4.475 2.449q.482.08.971.08c.85 0 1.653-.198 2.393-.579.231.033.46.054.686.054 1.266 0 2.457-.52 3.505-1.567 2.763-2.763 2.552-5.734 1.439-7.586z" clip-rule="evenodd"></path></svg></div></div></div></a></span></div><div class="pw-multi-vote-count l li lj lk ll lm ln lo"><p class="bf b dv z du"><span class="lp">--</span></p></div></div></span></div><div class="bq ab"><div><div class="bm" aria-hidden="false"><button class="ao la ls lt ab q fk lu lv" aria-label="responses"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="lr"><path d="M18.006 16.803c1.533-1.456 2.234-3.325 2.234-5.321C20.24 7.357 16.709 4 12.191 4S4 7.357 4 11.482c0 4.126 3.674 7.482 8.191 7.482.817 0 1.622-.111 2.393-.327.231.2.48.391.744.559 1.06.693 2.203 1.044 3.399 1.044.224-.008.4-.112.486-.287a.49.49 0 0 0-.042-.518c-.495-.67-.845-1.364-1.04-2.057a4 4 0 0 1-.125-.598zm-3.122 1.055-.067-.223-.315.096a8 8 0 0 1-2.311.338c-4.023 0-7.292-2.955-7.292-6.587 0-3.633 3.269-6.588 7.292-6.588 4.014 0 7.112 2.958 7.112 6.593 0 1.794-.608 3.469-2.027 4.72l-.195.168v.255c0 .056 0 .151.016.295.025.231.081.478.154.733.154.558.398 1.117.722 1.659a5.3 5.3 0 0 1-2.165-.845c-.276-.176-.714-.383-.941-.59z"></path></svg><p class="bf b bg z du"><span class="pw-responses-count lq lr">1</span></p></button></div></div></div></div><div class="ab q"><div class="oy l ix"><div><div class="bm" aria-hidden="false"><span><a class="af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at" data-testid="footerBookmarkButton" rel="noopener follow" href="/m/signin?actionUrl=https%3A%2F%2Fmedium.com%2F_%2Fbookmark%2Fp%2F38bd3b2e93b3&operation=register&redirect=https%3A%2F%2Fmedium.com%2Fcoursera-engineering%2Fbuilding-data-services-to-bring-education-to-millions-part-ii-38bd3b2e93b3&source=---footer_actions--38bd3b2e93b3---------------------bookmark_footer-----------"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="25" height="25" fill="none" viewBox="0 0 25 25" class="du lx" aria-label="Add to list bookmark button"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18 2.5a.5.5 0 0 1 1 0V5h2.5a.5.5 0 0 1 0 1H19v2.5a.5.5 0 1 1-1 0V6h-2.5a.5.5 0 0 1 0-1H18zM7 7a1 1 0 0 1 1-1h3.5a.5.5 0 0 0 0-1H8a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v14a.5.5 0 0 0 .805.396L12.5 17l5.695 4.396A.5.5 0 0 0 19 21v-8.5a.5.5 0 0 0-1 0v7.485l-5.195-4.012a.5.5 0 0 0-.61 0L7 19.985z"></path></svg></a></span></div></div></div><div class="oy l ix"><div class="bm" aria-hidden="false" aria-describedby="postFooterSocialMenu" aria-labelledby="postFooterSocialMenu"><div><div class="bm" aria-hidden="false"><button aria-controls="postFooterSocialMenu" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Share Post" data-testid="footerSocialShareButton" class="af fk ah ai aj ak al mf an ao ap ex mg mh lv mi"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24" fill="none" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path fill="currentColor" fill-rule="evenodd" d="M15.218 4.931a.4.4 0 0 1-.118.132l.012.006a.45.45 0 0 1-.292.074.5.5 0 0 1-.3-.13l-2.02-2.02v7.07c0 .28-.23.5-.5.5s-.5-.22-.5-.5v-7.04l-2 2a.45.45 0 0 1-.57.04h-.02a.4.4 0 0 1-.16-.3.4.4 0 0 1 .1-.32l2.8-2.8a.5.5 0 0 1 .7 0l2.8 2.79a.42.42 0 0 1 .068.498m-.106.138.008.004v-.01zM16 7.063h1.5a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v10a2 2 0 0 1-2 2h-11c-1.1 0-2-.9-2-2v-10a2 2 0 0 1 2-2H8a.5.5 0 0 1 .35.15.5.5 0 0 1 .15.35.5.5 0 0 1-.15.35.5.5 0 0 1-.35.15H6.4c-.5 0-.9.4-.9.9v10.2a.9.9 0 0 0 .9.9h11.2c.5 0 .9-.4.9-.9v-10.2c0-.5-.4-.9-.9-.9H16a.5.5 0 0 1 0-1" clip-rule="evenodd"></path></svg></button></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></footer><div class="pu pv pw px py l"><div class="ab cb"><div class="ci bh fz ga gb gc"><div class="pz bh r qa"></div><div class="qb l"><div class="ab qc qd qe iz iy"><div class="qf qg qh qi qj qk ql qm qn qo ab cp"><div class="h k"><a href="https://medium.com/coursera-engineering?source=post_page---post_publication_info--38bd3b2e93b3--------------------------------" rel="noopener follow"><div class="fj ab"><img alt="Coursera Engineering" class="qp ib ic cx" src="https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fill:96:96/1*j2vLJO9qZg435iRYfd2Mfg.png" width="48" height="48" loading="lazy"/><div class="qp l ic ib fs n fr qq"></div></div></a></div><div class="j i d"><a href="https://medium.com/coursera-engineering?source=post_page---post_publication_info--38bd3b2e93b3--------------------------------" rel="noopener follow"><div class="fj ab"><img alt="Coursera Engineering" class="qp qs qr cx" src="https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fill:128:128/1*j2vLJO9qZg435iRYfd2Mfg.png" width="64" height="64" loading="lazy"/><div class="qp l qr qs fs n fr qq"></div></div></a></div><div class="j i d qt ix"><div class="ab"></div></div></div><div class="ab co qu"><div class="qv qw qx qy qz l"><a class="af ag ah aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at ab q" href="https://medium.com/coursera-engineering?source=post_page---post_publication_info--38bd3b2e93b3--------------------------------" rel="noopener follow"><h2 class="pw-author-name bf rb rc rd re rf rg rh ni ri rj nm rk rl nq rm rn bk"><span class="gn ra">Published in <!-- -->Coursera Engineering</span></h2></a><div class="pb ab ia"><div class="l ix"><span class="pw-follower-count bf b bg z du"><a class="af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar iq" rel="noopener follow" href="/coursera-engineering/followers?source=post_page---post_publication_info--38bd3b2e93b3--------------------------------">3.7K Followers</a></span></div><div class="bf b bg z du ab jd"><span class="ir l" aria-hidden="true"><span class="bf b bg z du">·</span></span><a class="af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar iq" rel="noopener follow" href="/coursera-engineering/two-easy-ways-to-determine-right-size-for-aws-rds-instance-through-request-mirroring-load-test-9cd6e8ac8b5c?source=post_page---post_publication_info--38bd3b2e93b3--------------------------------">Last published <span>Jan 3, 2023</span></a></div></div><div class="ro l"><p class="bf b bg z bk"><span class="gn">We're changing the way the world learns! Posts from Coursera engineers and data scientists.</span></p></div></div></div><div class="h k"><div class="ab"></div></div></div></div><div class="ab qc qd qe iz iy"><div class="qf qg qh qi qj qk ql qm qn qo ab cp"><div class="h k"><a tabindex="0" rel="noopener follow" href="/@ronyinusc?source=post_page---post_author_info--38bd3b2e93b3--------------------------------"><div class="l fj"><img alt="Ronak Shah" class="l fd by ic ib cx" src="https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fill:96:96/1*18_2uiCFrWGBc6g0qbXuww.png" width="48" height="48" loading="lazy"/><div class="fr by l ic ib fs n ay qq"></div></div></a></div><div class="j i d"><a tabindex="0" rel="noopener follow" href="/@ronyinusc?source=post_page---post_author_info--38bd3b2e93b3--------------------------------"><div class="l fj"><img alt="Ronak Shah" class="l fd by qr qs cx" src="https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fill:128:128/1*18_2uiCFrWGBc6g0qbXuww.png" width="64" height="64" loading="lazy"/><div class="fr by l qr qs fs n ay qq"></div></div></a></div><div class="j i d qt ix"><div class="ab"><span><button class="bf b bg z rp pd rq rr rs rt ru ev ew rv rw rx fa fb fc fd bm fe ff">Follow</button></span></div></div></div><div class="ab co qu"><div class="qv qw qx qy qz l"><a class="af ag ah aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at ab q" rel="noopener follow" href="/@ronyinusc?source=post_page---post_author_info--38bd3b2e93b3--------------------------------"><h2 class="pw-author-name bf rb rc rd re rf rg rh ni ri rj nm rk rl nq rm rn bk"><span class="gn ra">Written by <!-- -->Ronak Shah</span></h2></a><div class="pb ab ia"><div class="l ix"><span class="pw-follower-count bf b bg z du"><a class="af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar iq" rel="noopener follow" href="/@ronyinusc/followers?source=post_page---post_author_info--38bd3b2e93b3--------------------------------">56 Followers</a></span></div><div class="bf b bg z du ab jd"><span class="ir l" aria-hidden="true"><span class="bf b bg z du">·</span></span><a class="af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar iq" rel="noopener follow" href="/@ronyinusc/following?source=post_page---post_author_info--38bd3b2e93b3--------------------------------">27 Following</a></div></div><div class="ro l"><p class="bf b bg z bk"><span class="gn">Head of Data @ Apna; Data Director @ Coursera; Data Products @ Glassdoor, Amazon</span></p></div></div></div><div class="h k"><div class="ab"><span><button class="bf b bg z rp pd rq rr rs rt ru ev ew rv rw rx fa fb fc fd bm fe ff">Follow</button></span></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="ry rz sa sb sc l"><div class="pz bh r ry rz sd se sf"></div><div class="ab cb"><div class="ci bh fz ga gb gc"><div class="ab q cp"><h2 class="bf rb sg sh si sj sk sl sm sn so sp sq sr ss st su bk">Responses (<!-- -->1<!-- -->)</h2><div class="ab sv"><div><div class="bm" aria-hidden="false"><a class="sw sx" href="https://policy.medium.com/medium-rules-30e5502c4eb4?source=post_page---post_responses--38bd3b2e93b3--------------------------------" rel="noopener follow" target="_blank"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="25" height="25" viewBox="0 0 25 25"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M11.987 5.036a.754.754 0 0 1 .914-.01c.972.721 1.767 1.218 2.6 1.543.828.322 1.719.485 2.887.505a.755.755 0 0 1 .741.757c-.018 3.623-.43 6.256-1.449 8.21-1.034 1.984-2.662 3.209-4.966 4.083a.75.75 0 0 1-.537-.003c-2.243-.874-3.858-2.095-4.897-4.074-1.024-1.951-1.457-4.583-1.476-8.216a.755.755 0 0 1 .741-.757c1.195-.02 2.1-.182 2.923-.503.827-.322 1.6-.815 2.519-1.535m.468.903c-.897.69-1.717 1.21-2.623 1.564-.898.35-1.856.527-3.026.565.037 3.45.469 5.817 1.36 7.515.884 1.684 2.25 2.762 4.284 3.571 2.092-.81 3.465-1.89 4.344-3.575.886-1.698 1.299-4.065 1.334-7.512-1.149-.039-2.091-.217-2.99-.567-.906-.353-1.745-.873-2.683-1.561m-.009 9.155a2.672 2.672 0 1 0 0-5.344 2.672 2.672 0 0 0 0 5.344m0 1a3.672 3.672 0 1 0 0-7.344 3.672 3.672 0 0 0 0 7.344m-1.813-3.777.525-.526.916.917 1.623-1.625.526.526-2.149 2.152z" clip-rule="evenodd"></path></svg></a></div></div></div></div><div class="or l"><button class="bf b bg z bk pd sy sz ta lx lu ru ev ew ex tb tc td fa te tf tg th ti fb fc fd bm fe ff">See all responses</button></div></div></div></div><div class="tj tk tl tm tn l bx"><div class="h k j"><div class="pz bh to tp"></div><div class="ab cb"><div class="ci bh fz ga gb gc"><div class="tq ab kv ja"><div class="tr ts l"><a class="af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at" href="https://help.medium.com/hc/en-us?source=post_page-----38bd3b2e93b3--------------------------------" rel="noopener follow"><p class="bf b dv z du">Help</p></a></div><div class="tr ts l"><a class="af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at" href="https://medium.statuspage.io/?source=post_page-----38bd3b2e93b3--------------------------------" rel="noopener follow"><p class="bf b dv z du">Status</p></a></div><div class="tr ts l"><a class="af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at" rel="noopener follow" href="/about?autoplay=1&source=post_page-----38bd3b2e93b3--------------------------------"><p class="bf b dv z du">About</p></a></div><div class="tr ts l"><a class="af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at" rel="noopener follow" href="/jobs-at-medium/work-at-medium-959d1a85284e?source=post_page-----38bd3b2e93b3--------------------------------"><p class="bf b dv z du">Careers</p></a></div><div class="tr ts l"><a class="af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at" href="pressinquiries@medium.com?source=post_page-----38bd3b2e93b3--------------------------------" rel="noopener follow"><p class="bf b dv z du">Press</p></a></div><div class="tr ts l"><a class="af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at" href="https://blog.medium.com/?source=post_page-----38bd3b2e93b3--------------------------------" rel="noopener follow"><p class="bf b dv z du">Blog</p></a></div><div class="tr ts l"><a class="af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at" href="https://policy.medium.com/medium-privacy-policy-f03bf92035c9?source=post_page-----38bd3b2e93b3--------------------------------" rel="noopener follow"><p class="bf b dv z du">Privacy</p></a></div><div class="tr ts l"><a class="af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at" href="https://policy.medium.com/medium-terms-of-service-9db0094a1e0f?source=post_page-----38bd3b2e93b3--------------------------------" rel="noopener follow"><p class="bf b dv z du">Terms</p></a></div><div class="tr ts l"><a class="af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at" href="https://speechify.com/medium?source=post_page-----38bd3b2e93b3--------------------------------" rel="noopener follow"><p class="bf b dv z du">Text to speech</p></a></div><div class="tr l"><a class="af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at" rel="noopener follow" href="/business?source=post_page-----38bd3b2e93b3--------------------------------"><p class="bf b dv z du">Teams</p></a></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><script>window.__BUILD_ID__="main-20241126-181518-0cb59a020f"</script><script>window.__GRAPHQL_URI__ = "https://medium.com/_/graphql"</script><script>window.__PRELOADED_STATE__ = {"algolia":{"queries":{}},"cache":{"experimentGroupSet":true,"reason":"","group":"enabled","tags":["group-edgeCachePosts","post-38bd3b2e93b3","user-1fc56da4b674","collection-532b19e4043c"],"serverVariantState":"44136fa355b3678a1146ad16f7e8649e94fb4fc21fe77e8310c060f61caaff8a","middlewareEnabled":true,"cacheStatus":"DYNAMIC","shouldUseCache":true,"vary":[],"lohpSummerUpsellEnabled":false,"publicationHierarchyEnabledWeb":false,"postBottomResponsesEnabled":false},"client":{"hydrated":false,"isUs":false,"isNativeMedium":false,"isSafariMobile":false,"isSafari":false,"isFirefox":false,"routingEntity":{"type":"DEFAULT","explicit":false},"viewerIsBot":false},"debug":{"requestId":"590152f3-d3b2-4c4d-a85e-0b335bcab64d","hybridDevServices":[],"originalSpanCarrier":{"traceparent":"00-0a945e98fbc31dd3b2e09ac29fb68b42-073fdf2bf764e66f-01"}},"multiVote":{"clapsPerPost":{}},"navigation":{"branch":{"show":null,"hasRendered":null,"blockedByCTA":false},"hideGoogleOneTap":false,"hasRenderedAlternateUserBanner":null,"currentLocation":"https:\u002F\u002Fmedium.com\u002Fcoursera-engineering\u002Fbuilding-data-services-to-bring-education-to-millions-part-ii-38bd3b2e93b3","host":"medium.com","hostname":"medium.com","referrer":"","hasSetReferrer":false,"susiModal":{"step":null,"operation":"register"},"postRead":false,"partnerProgram":{"selectedCountryCode":null},"queryString":"","currentHash":""},"config":{"nodeEnv":"production","version":"main-20241126-181518-0cb59a020f","target":"production","productName":"Medium","publicUrl":"https:\u002F\u002Fcdn-client.medium.com\u002Flite","authDomain":"medium.com","authGoogleClientId":"216296035834-k1k6qe060s2tp2a2jam4ljdcms00sttg.apps.googleusercontent.com","favicon":"production","glyphUrl":"https:\u002F\u002Fglyph.medium.com","branchKey":"key_live_ofxXr2qTrrU9NqURK8ZwEhknBxiI6KBm","algolia":{"appId":"MQ57UUUQZ2","apiKeySearch":"394474ced050e3911ae2249ecc774921","indexPrefix":"medium_","host":"-dsn.algolia.net"},"recaptchaKey":"6Lfc37IUAAAAAKGGtC6rLS13R1Hrw_BqADfS1LRk","recaptcha3Key":"6Lf8R9wUAAAAABMI_85Wb8melS7Zj6ziuf99Yot5","recaptchaEnterpriseKeyId":"6Le-uGgpAAAAAPprRaokM8AKthQ9KNGdoxaGUvVp","datadog":{"applicationId":"6702d87d-a7e0-42fe-bbcb-95b469547ea0","clientToken":"pub853ea8d17ad6821d9f8f11861d23dfed","rumToken":"pubf9cc52896502b9413b68ba36fc0c7162","context":{"deployment":{"target":"production","tag":"main-20241126-181518-0cb59a020f","commit":"0cb59a020f4453d0900f671f1a6576feecc55e74"}},"datacenter":"us"},"googleAnalyticsCode":"G-7JY7T788PK","googlePay":{"apiVersion":"2","apiVersionMinor":"0","merchantId":"BCR2DN6TV7EMTGBM","merchantName":"Medium","instanceMerchantId":"13685562959212738550"},"applePay":{"version":3},"signInWallCustomDomainCollectionIds":["3a8144eabfe3","336d898217ee","61061eb0c96b","138adf9c44c","819cc2aaeee0"],"mediumMastodonDomainName":"me.dm","mediumOwnedAndOperatedCollectionIds":["8a9336e5bb4","b7e45b22fec3","193b68bd4fba","8d6b8a439e32","54c98c43354d","3f6ecf56618","d944778ce714","92d2092dc598","ae2a65f35510","1285ba81cada","544c7006046e","fc8964313712","40187e704f1c","88d9857e584e","7b6769f2748b","bcc38c8f6edf","cef6983b292","cb8577c9149e","444d13b52878","713d7dbc99b0","ef8e90590e66","191186aaafa0","55760f21cdc5","9dc80918cc93","bdc4052bbdba","8ccfed20cbb2"],"tierOneDomains":["medium.com","thebolditalic.com","arcdigital.media","towardsdatascience.com","uxdesign.cc","codeburst.io","psiloveyou.xyz","writingcooperative.com","entrepreneurshandbook.co","prototypr.io","betterhumans.coach.me","theascent.pub"],"topicsToFollow":["d61cf867d93f","8a146bc21b28","1eca0103fff3","4d562ee63426","aef1078a3ef5","e15e46793f8d","6158eb913466","55f1c20aba7a","3d18b94f6858","4861fee224fd","63c6f1f93ee","1d98b3a9a871","decb52b64abf","ae5d4995e225","830cded25262"],"topicToTagMappings":{"accessibility":"accessibility","addiction":"addiction","android-development":"android-development","art":"art","artificial-intelligence":"artificial-intelligence","astrology":"astrology","basic-income":"basic-income","beauty":"beauty","biotech":"biotech","blockchain":"blockchain","books":"books","business":"business","cannabis":"cannabis","cities":"cities","climate-change":"climate-change","comics":"comics","coronavirus":"coronavirus","creativity":"creativity","cryptocurrency":"cryptocurrency","culture":"culture","cybersecurity":"cybersecurity","data-science":"data-science","design":"design","digital-life":"digital-life","disability":"disability","economy":"economy","education":"education","equality":"equality","family":"family","feminism":"feminism","fiction":"fiction","film":"film","fitness":"fitness","food":"food","freelancing":"freelancing","future":"future","gadgets":"gadgets","gaming":"gaming","gun-control":"gun-control","health":"health","history":"history","humor":"humor","immigration":"immigration","ios-development":"ios-development","javascript":"javascript","justice":"justice","language":"language","leadership":"leadership","lgbtqia":"lgbtqia","lifestyle":"lifestyle","machine-learning":"machine-learning","makers":"makers","marketing":"marketing","math":"math","media":"media","mental-health":"mental-health","mindfulness":"mindfulness","money":"money","music":"music","neuroscience":"neuroscience","nonfiction":"nonfiction","outdoors":"outdoors","parenting":"parenting","pets":"pets","philosophy":"philosophy","photography":"photography","podcasts":"podcast","poetry":"poetry","politics":"politics","privacy":"privacy","product-management":"product-management","productivity":"productivity","programming":"programming","psychedelics":"psychedelics","psychology":"psychology","race":"race","relationships":"relationships","religion":"religion","remote-work":"remote-work","san-francisco":"san-francisco","science":"science","self":"self","self-driving-cars":"self-driving-cars","sexuality":"sexuality","social-media":"social-media","society":"society","software-engineering":"software-engineering","space":"space","spirituality":"spirituality","sports":"sports","startups":"startup","style":"style","technology":"technology","transportation":"transportation","travel":"travel","true-crime":"true-crime","tv":"tv","ux":"ux","venture-capital":"venture-capital","visual-design":"visual-design","work":"work","world":"world","writing":"writing"},"defaultImages":{"avatar":{"imageId":"1*dmbNkD5D-u45r44go_cf0g.png","height":150,"width":150},"orgLogo":{"imageId":"7*V1_7XP4snlmqrc_0Njontw.png","height":110,"width":500},"postLogo":{"imageId":"bd978bb536350a710e8efb012513429cabdc4c28700604261aeda246d0f980b7","height":810,"width":1440},"postPreviewImage":{"imageId":"1*hn4v1tCaJy7cWMyb0bpNpQ.png","height":386,"width":579}},"collectionStructuredData":{"8d6b8a439e32":{"name":"Elemental","data":{"@type":"NewsMediaOrganization","ethicsPolicy":"https:\u002F\u002Fhelp.medium.com\u002Fhc\u002Fen-us\u002Farticles\u002F360043290473","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\u002F\u002Fcdn-images-1.medium.com\u002Fmax\u002F980\u002F1*9ygdqoKprhwuTVKUM0DLPA@2x.png","width":980,"height":159}}},"3f6ecf56618":{"name":"Forge","data":{"@type":"NewsMediaOrganization","ethicsPolicy":"https:\u002F\u002Fhelp.medium.com\u002Fhc\u002Fen-us\u002Farticles\u002F360043290473","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\u002F\u002Fcdn-images-1.medium.com\u002Fmax\u002F596\u002F1*uULpIlImcO5TDuBZ6lm7Lg@2x.png","width":596,"height":183}}},"ae2a65f35510":{"name":"GEN","data":{"@type":"NewsMediaOrganization","ethicsPolicy":"https:\u002F\u002Fhelp.medium.com\u002Fhc\u002Fen-us\u002Farticles\u002F360043290473","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\u002F\u002Fmiro.medium.com\u002Fmax\u002F264\u002F1*RdVZMdvfV3YiZTw6mX7yWA.png","width":264,"height":140}}},"88d9857e584e":{"name":"LEVEL","data":{"@type":"NewsMediaOrganization","ethicsPolicy":"https:\u002F\u002Fhelp.medium.com\u002Fhc\u002Fen-us\u002Farticles\u002F360043290473","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\u002F\u002Fmiro.medium.com\u002Fmax\u002F540\u002F1*JqYMhNX6KNNb2UlqGqO2WQ.png","width":540,"height":108}}},"7b6769f2748b":{"name":"Marker","data":{"@type":"NewsMediaOrganization","ethicsPolicy":"https:\u002F\u002Fhelp.medium.com\u002Fhc\u002Fen-us\u002Farticles\u002F360043290473","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\u002F\u002Fcdn-images-1.medium.com\u002Fmax\u002F383\u002F1*haCUs0wF6TgOOvfoY-jEoQ@2x.png","width":383,"height":92}}},"444d13b52878":{"name":"OneZero","data":{"@type":"NewsMediaOrganization","ethicsPolicy":"https:\u002F\u002Fhelp.medium.com\u002Fhc\u002Fen-us\u002Farticles\u002F360043290473","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\u002F\u002Fmiro.medium.com\u002Fmax\u002F540\u002F1*cw32fIqCbRWzwJaoQw6BUg.png","width":540,"height":123}}},"8ccfed20cbb2":{"name":"Zora","data":{"@type":"NewsMediaOrganization","ethicsPolicy":"https:\u002F\u002Fhelp.medium.com\u002Fhc\u002Fen-us\u002Farticles\u002F360043290473","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\u002F\u002Fmiro.medium.com\u002Fmax\u002F540\u002F1*tZUQqRcCCZDXjjiZ4bDvgQ.png","width":540,"height":106}}}},"embeddedPostIds":{"coronavirus":"cd3010f9d81f"},"sharedCdcMessaging":{"COVID_APPLICABLE_TAG_SLUGS":[],"COVID_APPLICABLE_TOPIC_NAMES":[],"COVID_APPLICABLE_TOPIC_NAMES_FOR_TOPIC_PAGE":[],"COVID_MESSAGES":{"tierA":{"text":"For more information on the novel coronavirus and Covid-19, visit cdc.gov.","markups":[{"start":66,"end":73,"href":"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.cdc.gov\u002Fcoronavirus\u002F2019-nCoV"}]},"tierB":{"text":"Anyone can publish on Medium per our Policies, but we don’t fact-check every story. For more info about the coronavirus, see cdc.gov.","markups":[{"start":37,"end":45,"href":"https:\u002F\u002Fhelp.medium.com\u002Fhc\u002Fen-us\u002Fcategories\u002F201931128-Policies-Safety"},{"start":125,"end":132,"href":"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.cdc.gov\u002Fcoronavirus\u002F2019-nCoV"}]},"paywall":{"text":"This article has been made free for everyone, thanks to Medium Members. For more information on the novel coronavirus and Covid-19, visit cdc.gov.","markups":[{"start":56,"end":70,"href":"https:\u002F\u002Fmedium.com\u002Fmembership"},{"start":138,"end":145,"href":"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.cdc.gov\u002Fcoronavirus\u002F2019-nCoV"}]},"unbound":{"text":"This article is free for everyone, thanks to Medium Members. For more information on the novel coronavirus and Covid-19, visit cdc.gov.","markups":[{"start":45,"end":59,"href":"https:\u002F\u002Fmedium.com\u002Fmembership"},{"start":127,"end":134,"href":"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.cdc.gov\u002Fcoronavirus\u002F2019-nCoV"}]}},"COVID_BANNER_POST_ID_OVERRIDE_WHITELIST":["3b31a67bff4a"]},"sharedVoteMessaging":{"TAGS":["politics","election-2020","government","us-politics","election","2020-presidential-race","trump","donald-trump","democrats","republicans","congress","republican-party","democratic-party","biden","joe-biden","maga"],"TOPICS":["politics","election"],"MESSAGE":{"text":"Find out more about the U.S. election results here.","markups":[{"start":46,"end":50,"href":"https:\u002F\u002Fcookpolitical.com\u002F2020-national-popular-vote-tracker"}]},"EXCLUDE_POSTS":["397ef29e3ca5"]},"embedPostRules":[],"recircOptions":{"v1":{"limit":3},"v2":{"limit":8}},"braintreeClientKey":"production_zjkj96jm_m56f8fqpf7ngnrd4","braintree":{"enabled":true,"merchantId":"m56f8fqpf7ngnrd4","merchantAccountId":{"usd":"AMediumCorporation_instant","eur":"amediumcorporation_EUR","cad":"amediumcorporation_CAD"},"publicKey":"ds2nn34bg2z7j5gd","braintreeEnvironment":"production","dashboardUrl":"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.braintreegateway.com\u002Fmerchants","gracePeriodDurationInDays":14,"mediumMembershipPlanId":{"monthly":"ce105f8c57a3","monthlyV2":"e8a5e126-792b-4ee6-8fba-d574c1b02fc5","monthlyWithTrial":"d5ee3dbe3db8","monthlyPremium":"fa741a9b47a2","yearly":"a40ad4a43185","yearlyV2":"3815d7d6-b8ca-4224-9b8c-182f9047866e","yearlyStaff":"d74fb811198a","yearlyWithTrial":"b3bc7350e5c7","yearlyPremium":"e21bd2c12166","monthlyOneYearFree":"e6c0637a-2bad-4171-ab4f-3c268633d83c","monthly25PercentOffFirstYear":"235ecc62-0cdb-49ae-9378-726cd21c504b","monthly20PercentOffFirstYear":"ba518864-9c13-4a99-91ca-411bf0cac756","monthly15PercentOffFirstYear":"594c029b-9f89-43d5-88f8-8173af4e070e","monthly10PercentOffFirstYear":"c6c7bc9a-40f2-4b51-8126-e28511d5bdb0","monthlyForStudents":"629ebe51-da7d-41fd-8293-34cd2f2030a8","yearlyOneYearFree":"78ba7be9-0d9f-4ece-aa3e-b54b826f2bf1","yearly25PercentOffFirstYear":"2dbb010d-bb8f-4eeb-ad5c-a08509f42d34","yearly20PercentOffFirstYear":"47565488-435b-47f8-bf93-40d5fbe0ebc8","yearly15PercentOffFirstYear":"8259809b-0881-47d9-acf7-6c001c7f720f","yearly10PercentOffFirstYear":"9dd694fb-96e1-472c-8d9e-3c868d5c1506","yearlyForStudents":"e29345ef-ab1c-4234-95c5-70e50fe6bc23","monthlyCad":"p52orjkaceei","yearlyCad":"h4q9g2up9ktt"},"braintreeDiscountId":{"oneMonthFree":"MONTHS_FREE_01","threeMonthsFree":"MONTHS_FREE_03","sixMonthsFree":"MONTHS_FREE_06","fiftyPercentOffOneYear":"FIFTY_PERCENT_OFF_ONE_YEAR"},"3DSecureVersion":"2","defaultCurrency":"usd","providerPlanIdCurrency":{"4ycw":"usd","rz3b":"usd","3kqm":"usd","jzw6":"usd","c2q2":"usd","nnsw":"usd","q8qw":"usd","d9y6":"usd","fx7w":"cad","nwf2":"cad"}},"paypalClientId":"AXj1G4fotC2GE8KzWX9mSxCH1wmPE3nJglf4Z2ig_amnhvlMVX87otaq58niAg9iuLktVNF_1WCMnN7v","paypal":{"host":"https:\u002F\u002Fapi.paypal.com:443","clientMode":"production","serverMode":"live","webhookId":"4G466076A0294510S","monthlyPlan":{"planId":"P-9WR0658853113943TMU5FDQA","name":"Medium Membership (Monthly) with setup fee","description":"Unlimited access to the best and brightest stories on Medium. Membership billed monthly."},"yearlyPlan":{"planId":"P-7N8963881P8875835MU5JOPQ","name":"Medium Membership (Annual) with setup fee","description":"Unlimited access to the best and brightest stories on Medium. Membership billed annually."},"oneYearGift":{"name":"Medium Membership (1 Year, Digital Gift Code)","description":"Unlimited access to the best and brightest stories on Medium. Gift codes can be redeemed at medium.com\u002Fredeem.","price":"50.00","currency":"USD","sku":"membership-gift-1-yr"},"oldMonthlyPlan":{"planId":"P-96U02458LM656772MJZUVH2Y","name":"Medium Membership (Monthly)","description":"Unlimited access to the best and brightest stories on Medium. Membership billed monthly."},"oldYearlyPlan":{"planId":"P-59P80963JF186412JJZU3SMI","name":"Medium Membership (Annual)","description":"Unlimited access to the best and brightest stories on Medium. Membership billed annually."},"monthlyPlanWithTrial":{"planId":"P-66C21969LR178604GJPVKUKY","name":"Medium Membership (Monthly) with setup fee","description":"Unlimited access to the best and brightest stories on Medium. Membership billed monthly."},"yearlyPlanWithTrial":{"planId":"P-6XW32684EX226940VKCT2MFA","name":"Medium Membership (Annual) with setup fee","description":"Unlimited access to the best and brightest stories on Medium. Membership billed annually."},"oldMonthlyPlanNoSetupFee":{"planId":"P-4N046520HR188054PCJC7LJI","name":"Medium Membership (Monthly)","description":"Unlimited access to the best and brightest stories on Medium. Membership billed monthly."},"oldYearlyPlanNoSetupFee":{"planId":"P-7A4913502Y5181304CJEJMXQ","name":"Medium Membership (Annual)","description":"Unlimited access to the best and brightest stories on Medium. Membership billed annually."},"sdkUrl":"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.paypal.com\u002Fsdk\u002Fjs"},"stripePublishableKey":"pk_live_7FReX44VnNIInZwrIIx6ghjl","log":{"json":true,"level":"info"},"imageUploadMaxSizeMb":25,"staffPicks":{"title":"Staff Picks","catalogId":"c7bc6e1ee00f"}},"session":{"xsrf":""}}</script><script>window.__APOLLO_STATE__ = {"ROOT_QUERY":{"__typename":"Query","viewer":null,"collectionByDomainOrSlug({\"domainOrSlug\":\"coursera-engineering\"})":{"__ref":"Collection:532b19e4043c"},"postResult({\"id\":\"38bd3b2e93b3\"})":{"__ref":"Post:38bd3b2e93b3"}},"ImageMetadata:":{"__typename":"ImageMetadata","id":""},"Collection:532b19e4043c":{"__typename":"Collection","id":"532b19e4043c","favicon":{"__ref":"ImageMetadata:"},"customStyleSheet":null,"colorPalette":{"__typename":"ColorPalette","highlightSpectrum":{"__typename":"ColorSpectrum","backgroundColor":"#FFFFFFFF","colorPoints":[{"__typename":"ColorPoint","color":"#FFECF3FF","point":0},{"__typename":"ColorPoint","color":"#FFE8F2FF","point":0.1},{"__typename":"ColorPoint","color":"#FFE5F0FF","point":0.2},{"__typename":"ColorPoint","color":"#FFE1EFFF","point":0.3},{"__typename":"ColorPoint","color":"#FFDDEDFF","point":0.4},{"__typename":"ColorPoint","color":"#FFD9EBFF","point":0.5},{"__typename":"ColorPoint","color":"#FFD6EAFF","point":0.6},{"__typename":"ColorPoint","color":"#FFD2E8FF","point":0.7},{"__typename":"ColorPoint","color":"#FFCEE6FF","point":0.8},{"__typename":"ColorPoint","color":"#FFCAE5FF","point":0.9},{"__typename":"ColorPoint","color":"#FFC6E3FF","point":1}]},"defaultBackgroundSpectrum":{"__typename":"ColorSpectrum","backgroundColor":"#FFFFFFFF","colorPoints":[{"__typename":"ColorPoint","color":"#FF6388BF","point":0},{"__typename":"ColorPoint","color":"#FF5D7EB0","point":0.1},{"__typename":"ColorPoint","color":"#FF5775A1","point":0.2},{"__typename":"ColorPoint","color":"#FF516B91","point":0.3},{"__typename":"ColorPoint","color":"#FF4A6182","point":0.4},{"__typename":"ColorPoint","color":"#FF435673","point":0.5},{"__typename":"ColorPoint","color":"#FF3C4B63","point":0.6},{"__typename":"ColorPoint","color":"#FF334054","point":0.7},{"__typename":"ColorPoint","color":"#FF2A3444","point":0.8},{"__typename":"ColorPoint","color":"#FF202833","point":0.9},{"__typename":"ColorPoint","color":"#FF151B23","point":1}]},"tintBackgroundSpectrum":{"__typename":"ColorSpectrum","backgroundColor":"#FF82A8E1","colorPoints":[{"__typename":"ColorPoint","color":"#FF82A8E1","point":0},{"__typename":"ColorPoint","color":"#FF8FB1E6","point":0.1},{"__typename":"ColorPoint","color":"#FF9CBBEA","point":0.2},{"__typename":"ColorPoint","color":"#FFA8C4EF","point":0.3},{"__typename":"ColorPoint","color":"#FFB4CDF3","point":0.4},{"__typename":"ColorPoint","color":"#FFC0D6F7","point":0.5},{"__typename":"ColorPoint","color":"#FFCCDEFB","point":0.6},{"__typename":"ColorPoint","color":"#FFD8E7FF","point":0.7},{"__typename":"ColorPoint","color":"#FFE3EFFF","point":0.8},{"__typename":"ColorPoint","color":"#FFEFF7FF","point":0.9},{"__typename":"ColorPoint","color":"#FFFAFFFF","point":1}]}},"domain":null,"slug":"coursera-engineering","googleAnalyticsId":null,"editors":[{"__typename":"CollectionMastheadUserItem","user":{"__ref":"User:d987eade03ed"}},{"__typename":"CollectionMastheadUserItem","user":{"__ref":"User:80624ba8fd79"}},{"__typename":"CollectionMastheadUserItem","user":{"__ref":"User:7b91bcea825"}},{"__typename":"CollectionMastheadUserItem","user":{"__ref":"User:70814e310ce3"}},{"__typename":"CollectionMastheadUserItem","user":{"__ref":"User:9999dd095c18"}}],"name":"Coursera Engineering","avatar":{"__ref":"ImageMetadata:1*j2vLJO9qZg435iRYfd2Mfg.png"},"description":"We're changing the way the world learns! Posts from Coursera engineers and data scientists.","subscriberCount":3780,"latestPostsConnection({\"paging\":{\"limit\":1}})":{"__typename":"PostConnection","posts":[{"__ref":"Post:9cd6e8ac8b5c"}]},"viewerEdge":{"__ref":"CollectionViewerEdge:collectionId:532b19e4043c-viewerId:lo_ef45436912aa"},"twitterUsername":"CourseraEng","facebookPageId":null,"logo":{"__ref":"ImageMetadata:1*zXjOKA4JKHH04Ipi2NI0jA.png"}},"User:d987eade03ed":{"__typename":"User","id":"d987eade03ed"},"User:80624ba8fd79":{"__typename":"User","id":"80624ba8fd79"},"User:7b91bcea825":{"__typename":"User","id":"7b91bcea825"},"User:70814e310ce3":{"__typename":"User","id":"70814e310ce3"},"User:9999dd095c18":{"__typename":"User","id":"9999dd095c18"},"ImageMetadata:1*j2vLJO9qZg435iRYfd2Mfg.png":{"__typename":"ImageMetadata","id":"1*j2vLJO9qZg435iRYfd2Mfg.png"},"User:dbd909ab7ead":{"__typename":"User","id":"dbd909ab7ead","customDomainState":{"__typename":"CustomDomainState","live":{"__typename":"CustomDomain","domain":"mengying-li.medium.com"}},"hasSubdomain":true,"username":"mengying-li"},"Post:9cd6e8ac8b5c":{"__typename":"Post","id":"9cd6e8ac8b5c","firstPublishedAt":1672713676343,"creator":{"__ref":"User:dbd909ab7ead"},"collection":{"__ref":"Collection:532b19e4043c"},"isSeries":false,"mediumUrl":"https:\u002F\u002Fmedium.com\u002Fcoursera-engineering\u002Ftwo-easy-ways-to-determine-right-size-for-aws-rds-instance-through-request-mirroring-load-test-9cd6e8ac8b5c","sequence":null,"uniqueSlug":"two-easy-ways-to-determine-right-size-for-aws-rds-instance-through-request-mirroring-load-test-9cd6e8ac8b5c"},"LinkedAccounts:1fc56da4b674":{"__typename":"LinkedAccounts","mastodon":null,"id":"1fc56da4b674"},"UserViewerEdge:userId:1fc56da4b674-viewerId:lo_ef45436912aa":{"__typename":"UserViewerEdge","id":"userId:1fc56da4b674-viewerId:lo_ef45436912aa","isFollowing":false,"isUser":false,"isMuting":false},"NewsletterV3:e3e4c773a83":{"__typename":"NewsletterV3","id":"e3e4c773a83","type":"NEWSLETTER_TYPE_AUTHOR","slug":"1fc56da4b674","name":"1fc56da4b674","collection":null,"user":{"__ref":"User:1fc56da4b674"}},"User:1fc56da4b674":{"__typename":"User","id":"1fc56da4b674","name":"Ronak Shah","username":"ronyinusc","newsletterV3":{"__ref":"NewsletterV3:e3e4c773a83"},"linkedAccounts":{"__ref":"LinkedAccounts:1fc56da4b674"},"isSuspended":false,"imageId":"1*18_2uiCFrWGBc6g0qbXuww.png","mediumMemberAt":0,"verifications":{"__typename":"VerifiedInfo","isBookAuthor":false},"socialStats":{"__typename":"SocialStats","followerCount":56,"followingCount":19,"collectionFollowingCount":8},"customDomainState":null,"hasSubdomain":false,"bio":"Head of Data @ Apna; Data Director @ Coursera; Data Products @ Glassdoor, Amazon","isPartnerProgramEnrolled":false,"viewerEdge":{"__ref":"UserViewerEdge:userId:1fc56da4b674-viewerId:lo_ef45436912aa"},"viewerIsUser":false,"postSubscribeMembershipUpsellShownAt":0,"membership":null,"allowNotes":true,"twitterScreenName":""},"Paragraph:420f8b56f49a_0":{"__typename":"Paragraph","id":"420f8b56f49a_0","name":"c3d1","type":"H3","href":null,"layout":null,"metadata":null,"text":"Building data services to bring education to millions, Part II","hasDropCap":null,"dropCapImage":null,"markups":[],"codeBlockMetadata":null,"iframe":null,"mixtapeMetadata":null},"Paragraph:420f8b56f49a_1":{"__typename":"Paragraph","id":"420f8b56f49a_1","name":"7541","type":"P","href":null,"layout":null,"metadata":null,"text":"An embedded approach to in-platform analytics","hasDropCap":null,"dropCapImage":null,"markups":[{"__typename":"Markup","type":"STRONG","start":0,"end":45,"href":null,"anchorType":null,"userId":null,"linkMetadata":null}],"codeBlockMetadata":null,"iframe":null,"mixtapeMetadata":null},"Paragraph:420f8b56f49a_2":{"__typename":"Paragraph","id":"420f8b56f49a_2","name":"9d9d","type":"P","href":null,"layout":null,"metadata":null,"text":"This post was co-authored with Juhi Singh and is Part II of the series (Part I here).","hasDropCap":null,"dropCapImage":null,"markups":[{"__typename":"Markup","type":"A","start":31,"end":41,"href":"https:\u002F\u002Fmedium.com\u002F@juhisingh_48410","anchorType":"LINK","userId":null,"linkMetadata":null},{"__typename":"Markup","type":"A","start":79,"end":83,"href":"https:\u002F\u002Fmedium.com\u002Fp\u002F2222647aae28","anchorType":"LINK","userId":null,"linkMetadata":null},{"__typename":"Markup","type":"EM","start":0,"end":85,"href":null,"anchorType":null,"userId":null,"linkMetadata":null}],"codeBlockMetadata":null,"iframe":null,"mixtapeMetadata":null},"Paragraph:420f8b56f49a_3":{"__typename":"Paragraph","id":"420f8b56f49a_3","name":"97cc","type":"P","href":null,"layout":null,"metadata":null,"text":"In this installment, we cover Coursera’s In-Platform Dashboards, which serve descriptive and advanced analytics in easy-to-read visualizations directly on the site. At our partner institutions, these are consumed by instructors all the way up to program leaders; and among enterprise customers, from individual managers to heads of Learning and Development. The common thread? The need for aggregated insights for decision-making — and lightweight access to those insights, ideally right on the platform.","hasDropCap":null,"dropCapImage":null,"markups":[{"__typename":"Markup","type":"EM","start":401,"end":409,"href":null,"anchorType":null,"userId":null,"linkMetadata":null}],"codeBlockMetadata":null,"iframe":null,"mixtapeMetadata":null},"Paragraph:420f8b56f49a_4":{"__typename":"Paragraph","id":"420f8b56f49a_4","name":"e5c6","type":"P","href":null,"layout":null,"metadata":null,"text":"At Coursera, we’ve provided in-platform analytics for years. Our initial dashboards were for university partners, and we built them end-to-end in-house. At first, home-grown dashboards had the benefit of being fully flexible and limited cost expenditure. However, as our data needs grew — both for our partners, and then also for enterprise administrators in our newly-launched Coursera for Business channel — we realized that leveraging external options could help us respond more nimbly to the varying data needs of stakeholders across our community.","hasDropCap":null,"dropCapImage":null,"markups":[],"codeBlockMetadata":null,"iframe":null,"mixtapeMetadata":null},"Paragraph:420f8b56f49a_5":{"__typename":"Paragraph","id":"420f8b56f49a_5","name":"a7cb","type":"P","href":null,"layout":null,"metadata":null,"text":"As a result, a little over a year ago, we started exploring third-party solutions to facilitate in-platform analytics, and we made the leap to pilot Looker (our then internal reporting tool) as an embedded solution in the platform.","hasDropCap":null,"dropCapImage":null,"markups":[],"codeBlockMetadata":null,"iframe":null,"mixtapeMetadata":null},"Paragraph:420f8b56f49a_6":{"__typename":"Paragraph","id":"420f8b56f49a_6","name":"8183","type":"P","href":null,"layout":null,"metadata":null,"text":"With little more than a quarter’s work by a single data engineer, we went from nothing to a full suite of high-quality dashboards for our Enterprise customers. These included descriptive data — for example on enrollments, course progress, and learner feedback — as well as advanced analytics on areas like skill development and ROI. The dashboards were a hit from the start, frequently cited by our customers at conferences and round-tables as one of their favorite admin features.","hasDropCap":null,"dropCapImage":null,"markups":[],"codeBlockMetadata":null,"iframe":null,"mixtapeMetadata":null},"ImageMetadata:0*jEPhiIj5ty6TCr8o":{"__typename":"ImageMetadata","id":"0*jEPhiIj5ty6TCr8o","originalHeight":624,"originalWidth":775,"focusPercentX":null,"focusPercentY":null,"alt":null},"Paragraph:420f8b56f49a_7":{"__typename":"Paragraph","id":"420f8b56f49a_7","name":"490c","type":"IMG","href":null,"layout":"INSET_CENTER","metadata":{"__ref":"ImageMetadata:0*jEPhiIj5ty6TCr8o"},"text":"Example data visualization that helps our enterprise customers understand new skills acquired using Coursera.","hasDropCap":null,"dropCapImage":null,"markups":[{"__typename":"Markup","type":"EM","start":0,"end":109,"href":null,"anchorType":null,"userId":null,"linkMetadata":null}],"codeBlockMetadata":null,"iframe":null,"mixtapeMetadata":null},"Paragraph:420f8b56f49a_8":{"__typename":"Paragraph","id":"420f8b56f49a_8","name":"917e","type":"P","href":null,"layout":null,"metadata":null,"text":"Given the quality and efficiency of the embedded solution, we doubled down, pursuing a similar approach for our university and industry partners, and with similarly impactful results. The screenshot below shows one example: the course-progress funnel provides instructors with insights into how learners are progressing through a given course and where they are falling off.","hasDropCap":null,"dropCapImage":null,"markups":[],"codeBlockMetadata":null,"iframe":null,"mixtapeMetadata":null},"ImageMetadata:0*xrXLeVM7NrBcwtWP":{"__typename":"ImageMetadata","id":"0*xrXLeVM7NrBcwtWP","originalHeight":680,"originalWidth":1264,"focusPercentX":null,"focusPercentY":null,"alt":null},"Paragraph:420f8b56f49a_9":{"__typename":"Paragraph","id":"420f8b56f49a_9","name":"6ba6","type":"IMG","href":null,"layout":"INSET_CENTER","metadata":{"__ref":"ImageMetadata:0*xrXLeVM7NrBcwtWP"},"text":"Example viz from our partner center providing insights into how learners are progressing through courses","hasDropCap":null,"dropCapImage":null,"markups":[{"__typename":"Markup","type":"EM","start":0,"end":104,"href":null,"anchorType":null,"userId":null,"linkMetadata":null}],"codeBlockMetadata":null,"iframe":null,"mixtapeMetadata":null},"Paragraph:420f8b56f49a_10":{"__typename":"Paragraph","id":"420f8b56f49a_10","name":"d9bc","type":"P","href":null,"layout":null,"metadata":null,"text":"One concern our design team had when we first pursued this embedded approach was the limitations in the flexibility of the visualization that reporting tools like Looker and Tableau would support. Fortunately, this has not been a blocker. The tools allow us to build flexibly using d3 or other charting libraries; dynamic filtering has been a great asset for us, allowing us to customize visualizations across individuals; and some of the most desirable features, such as the ability to download PDFs and raw data further enhance the analytical experience.","hasDropCap":null,"dropCapImage":null,"markups":[],"codeBlockMetadata":null,"iframe":null,"mixtapeMetadata":null},"Paragraph:420f8b56f49a_11":{"__typename":"Paragraph","id":"420f8b56f49a_11","name":"6bb4","type":"P","href":null,"layout":null,"metadata":null,"text":"Operationally, we take a service-oriented architecture approach. Product engineering is responsible only for embedding the data visualization in the front end using i-frames; all other efforts — from building the backend data pipelines to building downloadable visualizations — resides with the data engineering team.","hasDropCap":null,"dropCapImage":null,"markups":[],"codeBlockMetadata":null,"iframe":null,"mixtapeMetadata":null},"Paragraph:420f8b56f49a_12":{"__typename":"Paragraph","id":"420f8b56f49a_12","name":"d73b","type":"P","href":null,"layout":null,"metadata":null,"text":"For Coursera and our external stakeholders, embedded analytics have been a win-win. Our partners and enterprise customers love that we are getting high-quality data and visualizations in front of them more quickly. Our product engineers appreciate that they can focus on Coursera’s core teaching and learning experience. And our data engineers love that they can efficiently design, build, and ship innovative new on-platform analytics straight to end users.","hasDropCap":null,"dropCapImage":null,"markups":[],"codeBlockMetadata":null,"iframe":null,"mixtapeMetadata":null},"Paragraph:420f8b56f49a_13":{"__typename":"Paragraph","id":"420f8b56f49a_13","name":"dafa","type":"P","href":null,"layout":null,"metadata":null,"text":"Interested in learning more? Check out Part III Piloting Self-Serve Analytics as a Service.","hasDropCap":null,"dropCapImage":null,"markups":[{"__typename":"Markup","type":"A","start":39,"end":90,"href":"https:\u002F\u002Fmedium.com\u002Fcoursera-engineering\u002Fbuilding-data-services-to-bring-education-to-millions-part-iii-d34e5f37303","anchorType":"LINK","userId":null,"linkMetadata":null},{"__typename":"Markup","type":"EM","start":39,"end":91,"href":null,"anchorType":null,"userId":null,"linkMetadata":null}],"codeBlockMetadata":null,"iframe":null,"mixtapeMetadata":null},"Paragraph:420f8b56f49a_14":{"__typename":"Paragraph","id":"420f8b56f49a_14","name":"e705","type":"P","href":null,"layout":null,"metadata":null,"text":"Interested in Data Engineering @ Coursera? We’re hiring!","hasDropCap":null,"dropCapImage":null,"markups":[{"__typename":"Markup","type":"A","start":43,"end":56,"href":"https:\u002F\u002Fabout.coursera.org\u002Fcareers\u002Fcareers\u002Fopportunities\u002Fdata-science\u002F","anchorType":"LINK","userId":null,"linkMetadata":null},{"__typename":"Markup","type":"EM","start":0,"end":56,"href":null,"anchorType":null,"userId":null,"linkMetadata":null}],"codeBlockMetadata":null,"iframe":null,"mixtapeMetadata":null},"CollectionViewerEdge:collectionId:532b19e4043c-viewerId:lo_ef45436912aa":{"__typename":"CollectionViewerEdge","id":"collectionId:532b19e4043c-viewerId:lo_ef45436912aa","isEditor":false,"isMuting":false},"ImageMetadata:1*zXjOKA4JKHH04Ipi2NI0jA.png":{"__typename":"ImageMetadata","id":"1*zXjOKA4JKHH04Ipi2NI0jA.png","originalWidth":1156,"originalHeight":164},"PostViewerEdge:postId:38bd3b2e93b3-viewerId:lo_ef45436912aa":{"__typename":"PostViewerEdge","shouldIndexPostForExternalSearch":true,"id":"postId:38bd3b2e93b3-viewerId:lo_ef45436912aa"},"Tag:data-engineering":{"__typename":"Tag","id":"data-engineering","displayTitle":"Data Engineering","normalizedTagSlug":"data-engineering"},"Tag:data-access":{"__typename":"Tag","id":"data-access","displayTitle":"Data Access","normalizedTagSlug":"data-access"},"Tag:data-visualization":{"__typename":"Tag","id":"data-visualization","displayTitle":"Data Visualization","normalizedTagSlug":"data-visualization"},"Tag:data-analysis":{"__typename":"Tag","id":"data-analysis","displayTitle":"Data Analysis","normalizedTagSlug":"data-analysis"},"Tag:data-science":{"__typename":"Tag","id":"data-science","displayTitle":"Data Science","normalizedTagSlug":"data-science"},"Post:38bd3b2e93b3":{"__typename":"Post","id":"38bd3b2e93b3","collection":{"__ref":"Collection:532b19e4043c"},"content({\"postMeteringOptions\":{}})":{"__typename":"PostContent","isLockedPreviewOnly":false,"bodyModel":{"__typename":"RichText","sections":[{"__typename":"Section","name":"c10b","startIndex":0,"textLayout":null,"imageLayout":null,"backgroundImage":null,"videoLayout":null,"backgroundVideo":null},{"__typename":"Section","name":"9f2b","startIndex":14,"textLayout":null,"imageLayout":null,"backgroundImage":null,"videoLayout":null,"backgroundVideo":null}],"paragraphs":[{"__ref":"Paragraph:420f8b56f49a_0"},{"__ref":"Paragraph:420f8b56f49a_1"},{"__ref":"Paragraph:420f8b56f49a_2"},{"__ref":"Paragraph:420f8b56f49a_3"},{"__ref":"Paragraph:420f8b56f49a_4"},{"__ref":"Paragraph:420f8b56f49a_5"},{"__ref":"Paragraph:420f8b56f49a_6"},{"__ref":"Paragraph:420f8b56f49a_7"},{"__ref":"Paragraph:420f8b56f49a_8"},{"__ref":"Paragraph:420f8b56f49a_9"},{"__ref":"Paragraph:420f8b56f49a_10"},{"__ref":"Paragraph:420f8b56f49a_11"},{"__ref":"Paragraph:420f8b56f49a_12"},{"__ref":"Paragraph:420f8b56f49a_13"},{"__ref":"Paragraph:420f8b56f49a_14"}]},"validatedShareKey":"","shareKeyCreator":null},"creator":{"__ref":"User:1fc56da4b674"},"inResponseToEntityType":null,"isLocked":false,"isMarkedPaywallOnly":false,"lockedSource":"LOCKED_POST_SOURCE_NONE","mediumUrl":"https:\u002F\u002Fmedium.com\u002Fcoursera-engineering\u002Fbuilding-data-services-to-bring-education-to-millions-part-ii-38bd3b2e93b3","primaryTopic":null,"topics":[],"isPublished":true,"latestPublishedVersion":"420f8b56f49a","visibility":"PUBLIC","postResponses":{"__typename":"PostResponses","count":1},"clapCount":352,"allowResponses":true,"isLimitedState":false,"title":"Building data services to bring education to millions, Part II","isSeries":false,"sequence":null,"uniqueSlug":"building-data-services-to-bring-education-to-millions-part-ii-38bd3b2e93b3","socialTitle":"","socialDek":"","canonicalUrl":"","metaDescription":"","latestPublishedAt":1533865549804,"readingTime":2.6663522012578618,"previewContent":{"__typename":"PreviewContent","subtitle":"An embedded approach to in-platform analytics"},"previewImage":{"__ref":"ImageMetadata:0*jEPhiIj5ty6TCr8o"},"isShortform":false,"seoTitle":"","firstPublishedAt":1529356605024,"updatedAt":1533865549804,"shortformType":"SHORTFORM_TYPE_LINK","seoDescription":"","viewerEdge":{"__ref":"PostViewerEdge:postId:38bd3b2e93b3-viewerId:lo_ef45436912aa"},"isSuspended":false,"license":"ALL_RIGHTS_RESERVED","tags":[{"__ref":"Tag:data-engineering"},{"__ref":"Tag:data-access"},{"__ref":"Tag:data-visualization"},{"__ref":"Tag:data-analysis"},{"__ref":"Tag:data-science"}],"isNewsletter":false,"statusForCollection":"APPROVED","pendingCollection":null,"detectedLanguage":"en","wordCount":605,"layerCake":0,"responsesLocked":false}}</script><script>window.__MIDDLEWARE_STATE__={"session":{"xsrf":""},"cache":{"cacheStatus":"EXPIRED"}}</script><script src="https://cdn-client.medium.com/lite/static/js/manifest.aa9242f7.js"></script><script src="https://cdn-client.medium.com/lite/static/js/9865.1496d74a.js"></script><script src="https://cdn-client.medium.com/lite/static/js/main.e556b4ac.js"></script><script src="https://cdn-client.medium.com/lite/static/js/instrumentation.d9108df7.chunk.js"></script> <script src="https://cdn-client.medium.com/lite/static/js/reporting.ff22a7a5.chunk.js"></script> <script src="https://cdn-client.medium.com/lite/static/js/9120.5df29668.chunk.js"></script> <script src="https://cdn-client.medium.com/lite/static/js/5049.d1ead72d.chunk.js"></script> <script src="https://cdn-client.medium.com/lite/static/js/4810.6318add7.chunk.js"></script> <script src="https://cdn-client.medium.com/lite/static/js/6618.db187378.chunk.js"></script> <script src="https://cdn-client.medium.com/lite/static/js/2707.b0942613.chunk.js"></script> <script src="https://cdn-client.medium.com/lite/static/js/9977.5b3eb23a.chunk.js"></script> <script src="https://cdn-client.medium.com/lite/static/js/8599.1ab63137.chunk.js"></script> <script src="https://cdn-client.medium.com/lite/static/js/5250.9f9e01d2.chunk.js"></script> <script src="https://cdn-client.medium.com/lite/static/js/5787.e66a3a4d.chunk.js"></script> <script src="https://cdn-client.medium.com/lite/static/js/2648.26563adf.chunk.js"></script> <script src="https://cdn-client.medium.com/lite/static/js/8393.826a25fb.chunk.js"></script> <script src="https://cdn-client.medium.com/lite/static/js/3104.c3413b66.chunk.js"></script> <script src="https://cdn-client.medium.com/lite/static/js/3735.afb7e926.chunk.js"></script> <script src="https://cdn-client.medium.com/lite/static/js/5642.8ad8a900.chunk.js"></script> <script src="https://cdn-client.medium.com/lite/static/js/6546.cd03f950.chunk.js"></script> <script src="https://cdn-client.medium.com/lite/static/js/6834.08de95de.chunk.js"></script> <script src="https://cdn-client.medium.com/lite/static/js/7346.72622eb9.chunk.js"></script> <script src="https://cdn-client.medium.com/lite/static/js/2420.2a5e2d95.chunk.js"></script> <script src="https://cdn-client.medium.com/lite/static/js/839.ca7937c2.chunk.js"></script> <script src="https://cdn-client.medium.com/lite/static/js/7975.d195c6f1.chunk.js"></script> <script src="https://cdn-client.medium.com/lite/static/js/2106.21ff89d3.chunk.js"></script> <script src="https://cdn-client.medium.com/lite/static/js/7394.094844de.chunk.js"></script> <script src="https://cdn-client.medium.com/lite/static/js/2961.00a48598.chunk.js"></script> <script src="https://cdn-client.medium.com/lite/static/js/8204.c4082863.chunk.js"></script> <script src="https://cdn-client.medium.com/lite/static/js/4391.59acaed3.chunk.js"></script> <script src="https://cdn-client.medium.com/lite/static/js/PostPage.MainContent.1387c5dc.chunk.js"></script> <script src="https://cdn-client.medium.com/lite/static/js/8414.6565ad5f.chunk.js"></script> <script src="https://cdn-client.medium.com/lite/static/js/3974.8d3e0217.chunk.js"></script> <script src="https://cdn-client.medium.com/lite/static/js/2527.a0afad8a.chunk.js"></script> <script src="https://cdn-client.medium.com/lite/static/js/PostResponsesContent.36c2ecf4.chunk.js"></script><script>window.main();</script><script>(function(){function c(){var b=a.contentDocument||a.contentWindow.document;if(b){var d=b.createElement('script');d.innerHTML="window.__CF$cv$params={r:'8e97899e1a52ce76',t:'MTczMjc2NzMzNC4wMDAwMDA='};var a=document.createElement('script');a.nonce='';a.src='/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/scripts/jsd/main.js';document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(a);";b.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(d)}}if(document.body){var a=document.createElement('iframe');a.height=1;a.width=1;a.style.position='absolute';a.style.top=0;a.style.left=0;a.style.border='none';a.style.visibility='hidden';document.body.appendChild(a);if('loading'!==document.readyState)c();else if(window.addEventListener)document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded',c);else{var e=document.onreadystatechange||function(){};document.onreadystatechange=function(b){e(b);'loading'!==document.readyState&&(document.onreadystatechange=e,c())}}}})();</script></body></html>