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cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Works subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Works-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Electronic_editions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Electronic_editions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Electronic editions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Electronic_editions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2</span> <span>Citations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.3</span> <span>Sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Emily Brontë</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 99 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-99" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">99 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emily_Bront%C3%AB" title="Emily Brontë – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Emily Brontë" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emily_Bront%C3%AB" title="Emily Brontë – Inari Sami" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="Emily Brontë" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="Inari Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Anarâškielâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A5%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%8A_%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AA%D9%8A" title="إيميلي برونتي – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="إيميلي برونتي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emily_Bront%C3%AB" title="Emily Brontë – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Emily Brontë" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emily_Bront%C3%AB" title="Emily Brontë – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Emily Brontë" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emili_Bronte" title="Emili Bronte – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Emili Bronte" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C_%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AA%D9%87" title="امیلی برونته – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="امیلی برونته" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%8F%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BF_%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BF" title="এমিলি ব্রন্টি – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="এমিলি ব্রন্টি" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emily_Bront%C3%AB" title="Emily Brontë – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Emily Brontë" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BC%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%96_%D0%91%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%8D" title="Эмілі Бронтэ – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Эмілі Бронтэ" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BC%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%96_%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%8D" title="Эмілі Брантэ – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Эмілі Брантэ" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8_%D0%91%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5" title="Емили Бронте – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Емили Бронте" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emily_Bront%C3%AB" title="Emily Brontë – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Emily Brontë" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emily_Bront%C3%AB" title="Emily Brontë – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Emily Brontë" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emily_Bront%C3%ABov%C3%A1" title="Emily Brontëová – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Emily Brontëová" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emily_Bront%C3%AB" title="Emily Brontë – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Emily Brontë" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emily_Bront%C3%AB" title="Emily Brontë – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Emily Brontë" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emily_Bront%C3%AB" title="Emily Brontë – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Emily Brontë" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emily_Bront%C3%AB" title="Emily Brontë – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Emily Brontë" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%88%CE%BC%CE%B9%CE%BB%CE%B9_%CE%9C%CF%80%CF%81%CE%BF%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%AD" title="Έμιλι Μπροντέ – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Έμιλι Μπροντέ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emily_Bront%C3%AB" title="Emily Brontë – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Emily Brontë" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emily_Bront%C3%AB" title="Emily Brontë – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Emily Brontë" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emily_Bront%C3%AB" title="Emily Brontë – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Emily Brontë" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C_%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AA%D9%87" title="امیلی برونته – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="امیلی برونته" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emily_Bront%C3%AB" title="Emily Brontë – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Emily Brontë" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emily_Bront%C3%AB" title="Emily Brontë – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Emily Brontë" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emily_Bront%C3%AB" title="Emily Brontë – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Emily Brontë" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emily_Bront%C3%AB" title="Emily Brontë – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Emily Brontë" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emily_Bront%C3%AB" title="Emily Brontë – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Emily Brontë" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emily_Bront%C3%AB" title="Emily Brontë – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Emily Brontë" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%97%90%EB%B0%80%EB%A6%AC_%EB%B8%8C%EB%A1%A0%ED%85%8C" title="에밀리 브론테 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="에밀리 브론테" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emily_Bronte" title="Emily Bronte – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Emily Bronte" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B7%D5%B4%D5%AB%D5%AC%D5%AB_%D4%B2%D6%80%D5%B8%D5%B6%D5%BF%D5%A5" title="Էմիլի Բրոնտե – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Էմիլի Բրոնտե" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emily_Bront%C3%AB" title="Emily Brontë – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Emily Brontë" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emily_Bront%C3%AB" title="Emily Brontë – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Emily Brontë" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emily_Bront%C3%AB" title="Emily Brontë – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Emily Brontë" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emily_Bront%C3%AB" title="Emily Brontë – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Emily Brontë" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emily_Bront%C3%AB" title="Emily Brontë – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Emily Brontë" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emily_Bront%C3%AB" title="Emily Brontë – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Emily Brontë" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%99_%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%98%D7%94" title="אמילי ברונטה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אמילי ברונטה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emily_Bront%C3%AB" title="Emily Brontë – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Emily Brontë" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%8E%E0%B2%AE%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%B2%E0%B2%BF_%E0%B2%9C%E0%B3%87%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%8D_%E0%B2%AC%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%9F%E0%B3%86" title="ಎಮಿಲಿ ಜೇನ್ ಬ್ರಾಂಟೆ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಎಮಿಲಿ ಜೇನ್ ಬ್ರಾಂಟೆ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%94%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98_%E1%83%91%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A2%E1%83%94" title="ემილი ბრონტე – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ემილი ბრონტე" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8_%D0%91%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5" title="Эмили Бронте – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Эмили Бронте" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emily_Bront%C3%AB" title="Emily Brontë – Kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="Emily Brontë" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="Kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kotava</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emily_Bront%C3%AB" title="Emily Brontë – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Emily Brontë" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emily_Bront%C3%AB" title="Emily Brontë – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Emily Brontë" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8_%D0%91%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5" title="Эмили Бронте – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Эмили Бронте" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aemilia_Bront%C3%AB" title="Aemilia Brontë – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Aemilia Brontë" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emilija_Bront%C4%93" title="Emilija Brontē – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Emilija Brontē" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emily_Bront%C3%AB" title="Emily Brontë – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Emily Brontë" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emily_Bront%C3%AB" title="Emily Brontë – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Emily Brontë" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emily_Bront%C3%AB" title="Emily Brontë – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Emily Brontë" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emily_Bront%C3%AB" title="Emily Brontë – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Emily Brontë" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emily_Bront%C3%AB" title="Emily Brontë – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Emily Brontë" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8_%D0%91%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5" title="Емили Бронте – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Емили Бронте" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%8E%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%BF_%E0%B4%AC%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%A3%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%BF" title="എമിലി ബ്രോണ്ടി – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="എമിലി ബ്രോണ്ടി" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%81%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%80" title="एमिली ब्राँटी – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="एमिली ब्राँटी" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%94%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98_%E1%83%91%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A2%E1%83%94" title="ემილი ბრონტე – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ემილი ბრონტე" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%89_%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AA%D9%89" title="ايميلى برونتى – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="ايميلى برونتى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C_%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AA%D9%87" title="امیلی برونته – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="امیلی برونته" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emily_Bront%C3%AB" title="Emily Brontë – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Emily Brontë" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%A1%E1%80%99%E1%80%BA%E1%80%99%E1%80%9C%E1%80%AE_%E1%80%98%E1%80%9B%E1%80%BD%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA%E1%80%90%E1%80%AE" title="အမ်မလီ ဘရွန်တီ – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="အမ်မလီ ဘရွန်တီ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nah mw-list-item"><a href="https://nah.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emily_Bront%C3%AB" title="Emily Brontë – Nahuatl" lang="nah" hreflang="nah" data-title="Emily Brontë" data-language-autonym="Nāhuatl" data-language-local-name="Nahuatl" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nāhuatl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emily_Bront%C3%AB" title="Emily Brontë – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Emily Brontë" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A8%E3%83%9F%E3%83%AA%E3%83%BC%E3%83%BB%E3%83%96%E3%83%AD%E3%83%B3%E3%83%86" title="エミリー・ブロンテ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="エミリー・ブロンテ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emily_Bront%C3%AB" title="Emily Brontë – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Emily Brontë" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emily_Bront%C3%AB" title="Emily Brontë – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Emily Brontë" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emily_Bront%C3%AB" title="Emily Brontë – Novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Emily Brontë" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="Novial" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Novial</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emily_Bront%C3%AB" title="Emily Brontë – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Emily Brontë" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%90%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%B2%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%AC%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%8C%E0%A8%82%E0%A8%9F%E0%A9%80" title="ਐਮਿਲੀ ਬਰੌਂਟੀ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਐਮਿਲੀ ਬਰੌਂਟੀ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%85%D9%84%DB%8C_%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D9%B9%DB%8C" title="ایملی برونٹی – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="ایملی برونٹی" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emily_Bront%C3%AB" title="Emily Brontë – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Emily Brontë" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emily_Bront%C3%AB" title="Emily Brontë – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Emily Brontë" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emily_Bront%C3%AB" title="Emily Brontë – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Emily Brontë" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emily_Bront%C3%AB" title="Emily Brontë – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Emily Brontë" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emily_Bront%C3%AB" title="Emily Brontë – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Emily Brontë" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5,_%D0%AD%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8" title="Бронте, Эмили – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Бронте, Эмили" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emily_Bront%C3%AB" title="Emily Brontë – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Emily Brontë" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emily_Bront%C3%AB" title="Emily Brontë – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Emily Brontë" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emily_Bront%C3%AB" title="Emily Brontë – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Emily Brontë" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emily_Bront%C3%ABov%C3%A1" title="Emily Brontëová – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Emily Brontëová" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emily_Bront%C3%AB" title="Emily Brontë – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Emily Brontë" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%DB%8E%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C_%D8%A8%D8%B1%DB%86%D9%86%D8%AA%DB%8C" title="ئێمیلی برۆنتی – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ئێمیلی برۆنتی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8_%D0%91%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5" title="Емили Бронте – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Емили Бронте" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emily_Bront%C3%AB" title="Emily Brontë – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Emily Brontë" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emily_Bront%C3%AB" title="Emily Brontë – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Emily Brontë" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emily_Bront%C3%AB" title="Emily Brontë – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Emily Brontë" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%8E%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%BF_%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A3%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%BF" title="எமிலி புராண்ட்டி – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="எமிலி புராண்ட்டி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8_%D0%91%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5" 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href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%85%D9%84%DB%8C_%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D9%B9%DB%8C" title="ایملی برونٹی – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ایملی برونٹی" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emily_Bront%C3%AB" title="Emily Brontë – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Emily Brontë" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emily_Bront%C3%AB" title="Emily Brontë – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Emily Brontë" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link 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.infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div style="display:inline;" class="fn">Emily Brontë</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Emily_Bront%C3%AB_by_Patrick_Branwell_Bront%C3%AB_restored.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The only undisputed portrait of Brontë, from a group portrait by her brother Branwell, c. 1834[1]"><img alt="The only undisputed portrait of Brontë, from a group portrait by her brother Branwell, c. 1834[1]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Emily_Bront%C3%AB_by_Patrick_Branwell_Bront%C3%AB_restored.jpg/250px-Emily_Bront%C3%AB_by_Patrick_Branwell_Bront%C3%AB_restored.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="290" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Emily_Bront%C3%AB_by_Patrick_Branwell_Bront%C3%AB_restored.jpg/330px-Emily_Bront%C3%AB_by_Patrick_Branwell_Bront%C3%AB_restored.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Emily_Bront%C3%AB_by_Patrick_Branwell_Bront%C3%AB_restored.jpg/500px-Emily_Bront%C3%AB_by_Patrick_Branwell_Bront%C3%AB_restored.jpg 2x" data-file-width="704" data-file-height="928" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="line-height:1.4em;">The only undisputed portrait of Brontë, from a group portrait by her brother <a href="/wiki/Branwell_Bront%C3%AB" title="Branwell Brontë">Branwell</a>, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1834</span><sup id="cite_ref-Portrait_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Portrait-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Born</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;">Emily Jane Brontë<br /><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1818-07-30</span>)</span>30 July 1818<br /><a href="/wiki/Thornton,_West_Yorkshire" title="Thornton, West Yorkshire">Thornton</a>, Yorkshire, England</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Died</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;">19 December 1848<span style="display:none">(1848-12-19)</span> (aged 30)<br /><a href="/wiki/Haworth" title="Haworth">Haworth</a>, Yorkshire, England</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Resting place</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;"><a href="/wiki/St_Michael_and_All_Angels%27_Church,_Haworth" title="St Michael and All Angels' Church, Haworth">St Michael and All Angels' Church, Haworth</a>, Yorkshire</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Pen name</th><td class="infobox-data nickname" style="line-height:1.4em;">Ellis Bell</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Occupation</th><td class="infobox-data role" style="line-height:1.4em;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"><ul><li>Poet</li><li>novelist</li><li><a href="/wiki/Governess" title="Governess">governess</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Education</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;"><a href="/wiki/Cowan_Bridge_School" title="Cowan Bridge School">Cowan Bridge School</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lancashire" title="Lancashire">Lancashire</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Period</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;">1846–48</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Genre</th><td class="infobox-data category" style="line-height:1.4em;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><div class="hlist"><ul><li>Fiction</li><li>poetry</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Literary movement</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;"><a href="/wiki/Romantic_Period" class="mw-redirect" title="Romantic Period">Romantic Period</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Notable works</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;"><i><a href="/wiki/Wuthering_Heights" title="Wuthering Heights">Wuthering Heights</a></i></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Parents</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;"><a href="/wiki/Patrick_Bront%C3%AB" title="Patrick Brontë">Patrick Brontë</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Maria_Branwell" title="Maria Branwell">Maria Branwell</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Relatives</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;"><a href="/wiki/Bront%C3%AB_family" title="Brontë family">Brontë family</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Signature</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="line-height:1.4em;"><span class="skin-invert-image" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bront%C3%AB_sisters%27_signatures_as_Currer,_Ellis_and_Acton_Bell_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Bront%C3%AB_sisters%27_signatures_as_Currer%2C_Ellis_and_Acton_Bell_%28cropped%29.jpg/150px-Bront%C3%AB_sisters%27_signatures_as_Currer%2C_Ellis_and_Acton_Bell_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="38" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Bront%C3%AB_sisters%27_signatures_as_Currer%2C_Ellis_and_Acton_Bell_%28cropped%29.jpg/225px-Bront%C3%AB_sisters%27_signatures_as_Currer%2C_Ellis_and_Acton_Bell_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/85/Bront%C3%AB_sisters%27_signatures_as_Currer%2C_Ellis_and_Acton_Bell_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="258" data-file-height="66" /></a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Emily Jane Brontë</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'b' in 'buy'">b</span><span title="'r' in 'rye'">r</span><span title="/ɒ/: 'o' in 'body'">ɒ</span><span title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</span><span title="'t' in 'tie'">t</span><span title="/i/: 'y' in 'happy'">i</span></span>/</a></span></span>, <small>commonly</small> <span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/-<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="'t' in 'tie'">t</span><span title="/eɪ/: 'a' in 'face'">eɪ</span></span>/</a></span></span>;<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 30 July 1818 – 19 December 1848)<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was an English novelist and poet who is best known for her only novel, <i><a href="/wiki/Wuthering_Heights" title="Wuthering Heights">Wuthering Heights</a></i>, now considered a classic of <a href="/wiki/English_literature" title="English literature">English literature</a>. She also published a book of poetry with her sisters <a href="/wiki/Charlotte_Bront%C3%AB" title="Charlotte Brontë">Charlotte</a> and <a href="/wiki/Anne_Bront%C3%AB" title="Anne Brontë">Anne</a> titled <i><a href="/wiki/Poems_by_Currer,_Ellis,_and_Acton_Bell" title="Poems by Currer, Ellis, and Acton Bell">Poems by Currer, Ellis and Acton Bell</a></i> with her own poems finding regard as poetic genius. Emily was the second-youngest of the four surviving <a href="/wiki/Bront%C3%AB_family" title="Brontë family">Brontë siblings</a>, between the youngest Anne and her brother <a href="/wiki/Branwell_Bront%C3%AB" title="Branwell Brontë">Branwell</a>. She published under the <a href="/wiki/Pen_name" title="Pen name">pen name</a> <b>Ellis Bell</b>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life">Early life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Emily_Bront%C3%AB&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Painting_of_Bront%C3%AB_sisters.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Painting_of_Bront%C3%AB_sisters.png/250px-Painting_of_Bront%C3%AB_sisters.png" decoding="async" width="170" height="244" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Painting_of_Bront%C3%AB_sisters.png/330px-Painting_of_Bront%C3%AB_sisters.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Painting_of_Bront%C3%AB_sisters.png/340px-Painting_of_Bront%C3%AB_sisters.png 2x" data-file-width="416" data-file-height="597" /></a><figcaption>The three Brontë sisters, in an 1834 painting by their brother <a href="/wiki/Branwell_Bront%C3%AB" title="Branwell Brontë">Branwell Brontë</a>. From left to right: Anne, Emily and Charlotte. (Branwell used to be between Emily and Charlotte, but subsequently painted himself out.)</figcaption></figure> <p>Emily Brontë was born on 30 July 1818 to <a href="/wiki/Maria_Branwell" title="Maria Branwell">Maria Branwell</a> and an Irish father, <a href="/wiki/Patrick_Bront%C3%AB" title="Patrick Brontë">Patrick Brontë</a>. The family was living on Market Street, in a house now known as the <a href="/wiki/Bront%C3%AB_Birthplace" title="Brontë Birthplace">Brontë Birthplace</a> in the village of <a href="/wiki/Thornton,_West_Yorkshire" title="Thornton, West Yorkshire">Thornton</a> on the outskirts of <a href="/wiki/Bradford" title="Bradford">Bradford</a>, in the <a href="/wiki/West_Riding_of_Yorkshire" title="West Riding of Yorkshire">West Riding of Yorkshire</a>, England. Emily was the second youngest of six siblings, preceded by <a href="/wiki/Maria_Bront%C3%AB" title="Maria Brontë">Maria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Bront%C3%AB" title="Elizabeth Brontë">Elizabeth</a>, <a href="/wiki/Charlotte_Bront%C3%AB" title="Charlotte Brontë">Charlotte</a> and <a href="/wiki/Branwell_Bront%C3%AB" title="Branwell Brontë">Branwell</a>. In 1820, Emily's younger sister <a href="/wiki/Anne_Bront%C3%AB" title="Anne Brontë">Anne</a>, the last Brontë child, was born. Shortly thereafter, the family moved eight miles away to <a href="/wiki/Haworth" title="Haworth">Haworth</a>, where Patrick was employed as <a href="/wiki/Perpetual_curate" title="Perpetual curate">perpetual curate</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Fraser_16_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fraser_16-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In Haworth, the children would have opportunities to develop their literary talents.<sup id="cite_ref-Fraser_16_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fraser_16-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>When Emily was only three, and all six children under the age of eight, she and her siblings lost their mother, Maria, to cancer on 15 September 1821.<sup id="cite_ref-Fraser_28_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fraser_28-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The younger children were to be cared for by <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Branwell" title="Elizabeth Branwell">Elizabeth Branwell</a>, their aunt and Maria's sister. </p><p>Emily's three elder sisters, Maria, Elizabeth, and Charlotte were sent to the <a href="/wiki/Cowan_Bridge_School" title="Cowan Bridge School">Clergy Daughters' School</a> at Cowan Bridge. At the age of six, on 25 November 1824, Emily joined her sisters at school for a brief period.<sup id="cite_ref-Fraser_35_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fraser_35-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At school, however, the children suffered abuse and privations, and when a <a href="/wiki/Typhoid" class="mw-redirect" title="Typhoid">typhoid</a> epidemic swept the school, Maria and Elizabeth became ill. Maria, who may actually have had <a href="/wiki/Tuberculosis" title="Tuberculosis">tuberculosis</a>, was sent home, where she died. Elizabeth died shortly after. </p><p>The four youngest Brontë children, all under ten years of age, had suffered the loss of the three eldest women in their immediate family.<sup id="cite_ref-Fraser_31_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fraser_31-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Charlotte maintained that the school's poor conditions permanently affected her health and physical development and that it had hastened the deaths of Maria (born 1814) and Elizabeth (born 1815), who both died in 1825. After the deaths of his older daughters, Patrick removed Charlotte and Emily from the school.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Charlotte would use her experiences and knowledge of the school as the basis for Lowood School in <i><a href="/wiki/Jane_Eyre" title="Jane Eyre">Jane Eyre</a></i>. </p><p>The three remaining sisters and their brother Branwell were thereafter educated at home by their father and aunt Elizabeth Branwell. A shy girl, Emily was very close to her siblings and was known as a great animal lover, especially for befriending stray dogs she found wandering around the countryside.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Despite the lack of formal education, Emily and her siblings had access to a wide range of published material; favourites included <a href="/wiki/Walter_Scott" title="Walter Scott">Sir Walter Scott</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lord_Byron" title="Lord Byron">Byron</a>, <a href="/wiki/Percy_Bysshe_Shelley" title="Percy Bysshe Shelley">Shelley</a>, and <i><a href="/wiki/Blackwood%27s_Magazine" title="Blackwood's Magazine">Blackwood's Magazine</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Fraser_44-45_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fraser_44-45-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gondal_Poems.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Gondal_Poems.jpg/250px-Gondal_Poems.jpg" decoding="async" width="179" height="151" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Gondal_Poems.jpg/330px-Gondal_Poems.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Gondal_Poems.jpg/500px-Gondal_Poems.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3381" /></a><figcaption>Emily's <a href="/wiki/Gondal_(fictional_country)" title="Gondal (fictional country)">Gondal</a> poems</figcaption></figure> <p>Inspired by a box of toy soldiers Branwell had received as a gift,<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the children began to write stories, which they set in a number of invented <a href="/wiki/Paracosm" title="Paracosm">imaginary worlds</a> populated by their soldiers as well as their heroes, the <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Wellesley,_1st_Duke_of_Wellington" title="Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington">Duke of Wellington</a> and his sons, <a href="/wiki/Lord_Charles_Wellesley" title="Lord Charles Wellesley">Charles</a> and <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Wellesley,_2nd_Duke_of_Wellington" title="Arthur Wellesley, 2nd Duke of Wellington">Arthur Wellesley</a>. Little of Emily's work from this period survives, except for poems spoken by characters.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Initially, all four children shared in creating stories about a world called Angria. </p><p>However, when Emily was 13, she and Anne withdrew from participation in the Angria story and began a new one about <a href="/wiki/Gondal_(fictional_country)" title="Gondal (fictional country)">Gondal</a>, a fictional island whose myths and legends were to preoccupy the two sisters throughout their lives. With the exception of their Gondal poems and Anne's lists of Gondal's characters and placenames, Emily and Anne's Gondal writings were largely not preserved. Among those that did survive are some "diary papers", written by Emily in her twenties, which describe current events in Gondal.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The heroes of Gondal tended to resemble the popular image of the Scottish Highlander, a sort of British version of the "noble savage": romantic outlaws capable of more nobility, passion, and bravery than the denizens of "civilization".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAustin2002578_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAustin2002578-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Similar themes of romanticism and noble savagery are apparent across the Brontës' juvenilia, notably in Branwell's <i>The Life of Alexander Percy</i>, which tells the story of an all-consuming, death-defying, and ultimately self-destructive love and is generally considered an inspiration for <i>Wuthering Heights</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Paddock_p._199_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Paddock_p._199-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At 17, Emily began to attend the Roe Head Girls' School, where Charlotte was a teacher, but suffered from extreme <a href="/wiki/Homesickness" title="Homesickness">homesickness</a>, according to Charlotte, and left after only a few months. Charlotte wrote later that "Liberty was the breath of Emily's nostrils; without it, she perished. The change from her own home to a school and from her own very noiseless, very secluded but unrestricted and unartificial mode of life, to one of disciplined routine (though under the kindest auspices), was what she failed in enduring... I felt in my heart she would die if she did not go home, and with this conviction obtained her recall."<sup id="cite_ref-Gaskell_149_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gaskell_149-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Emily returned home and Anne took her place.<sup id="cite_ref-Fraser_84_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fraser_84-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Pic_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pic-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At this time, the girls' objective was to obtain sufficient education to open a small school of their own. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Adulthood">Adulthood</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Emily_Bront%C3%AB&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Adulthood"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Constantinheger1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Constantinheger1.jpg/220px-Constantinheger1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="246" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Constantinheger1.jpg/330px-Constantinheger1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6e/Constantinheger1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="394" data-file-height="440" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Constantin_Heger" class="mw-redirect" title="Constantin Heger">Constantin Heger</a>, teacher of Charlotte and Emily during their stay in Brussels, on a <a href="/wiki/Daguerreotype" title="Daguerreotype">daguerreotype</a> dated <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 1865</figcaption></figure> <p>Emily became a teacher at Law Hill School in <a href="/wiki/Halifax,_West_Yorkshire" title="Halifax, West Yorkshire">Halifax</a> beginning in September 1838, when she was twenty.<sup id="cite_ref-Vine_11_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Vine_11-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Her health soon broke under the stress of the 17-hour workday, and she returned home in April 1839.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Thereafter she remained at home, helping the family's servant with the cooking, ironing, and cleaning at Haworth. She taught herself <a href="/wiki/German_(language)" class="mw-redirect" title="German (language)">German</a> from books and also practiced the piano.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Emily was an accomplished pianist.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1842, Emily accompanied Charlotte to the Heger Pensionnat in <a href="/wiki/Brussels" title="Brussels">Brussels</a>, <a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a>, where they attended the girls' academy run by <a href="/wiki/Constantin_Heger" class="mw-redirect" title="Constantin Heger">Constantin Heger</a> in the hope of perfecting their French and German before opening their own school. Unlike Charlotte, Emily was uncomfortable in Brussels and refused to adopt Belgian fashions, saying "I wish to be as God made me", which rendered her something of an outcast.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nine of Emily's French essays survive from this period. Heger seems to have been impressed with the strength of Emily's character, writing that: </p> <blockquote><div>She should have been a man – a great navigator. Her powerful reason would have deduced new spheres of discovery from the knowledge of the old; and her strong imperious will would never have been daunted by opposition or difficulty, never have given way but with life. She had a head for logic, and a capability of argument unusual in a man and rarer indeed in a woman... impairing this gift was her stubborn tenacity of will which rendered her obtuse to all reasoning where her own wishes, or her own sense of right, was concerned.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </div></blockquote> <p>The two sisters were committed to their studies and by the end of the term had become so competent in French that Madame Heger proposed that they both stay another half-year, even, according to Charlotte, offering to dismiss the English master so that she could take his place. Emily had, by this time, become a competent pianist and teacher, and it was suggested that she might stay on to teach music.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, the illness and death of their aunt, Elizabeth Branwell, necessitated their return to Haworth.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1844, the sisters attempted to open a school in their house, but their plans were stymied by an inability to attract students to the remote area.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1844, Emily began going through all the poems she had written, recopying them neatly into two notebooks.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One was labelled "Gondal Poems"; the other was unlabelled. Scholars such as <a href="/wiki/Fannie_Ratchford" title="Fannie Ratchford">Fannie Ratchford</a> and Derek Roper have attempted to piece together a Gondal storyline and chronology from these poems.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the autumn of 1845, Charlotte discovered the notebooks and insisted that the poems be published. Emily, understandably furious at the invasion of her privacy, at first refused but, according to Charlotte, relented when Anne brought out her manuscripts and revealed to Charlotte that she had been writing poems in secret as well. Around this time Emily wrote one of her most famous poems, "No coward soul is mine". Some literary critics have speculated that it is a poem about Anne Brontë, while others see it as an answer to the violation of her privacy and her own transformation into a published writer.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Despite Charlotte's later claim that it was Emily's final poem, this is factually inaccurate.<sup id="cite_ref-GondalPoems_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GondalPoems-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1846, the sisters' poems were published in one volume as <i><a href="/wiki/Poems_by_Currer,_Ellis,_and_Acton_Bell" title="Poems by Currer, Ellis, and Acton Bell">Poems by Currer, Ellis, and Acton Bell</a></i>. Charlotte later stated that the Brontë sisters had adopted pseudonyms for publication, preserving their initials: Charlotte was "Currer Bell", Emily was "Ellis Bell" and Anne was "Acton Bell".<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Charlotte wrote in the 'Biographical Notice of Ellis and Acton Bell' that their "ambiguous choice" was "dictated by a sort of conscientious scruple at assuming Christian names positively masculine, while we did not like to declare ourselves women, because... we had a vague impression that authoresses are liable to be looked on with prejudice".<sup id="cite_ref-Gaskell_335_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gaskell_335-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Charlotte contributed 19 poems, and Emily and Anne each contributed 21. Although the sisters were told several months after publication that only two copies had sold,<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> they were not discouraged (of their two readers, one was impressed enough to request their autographs).<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>The Athenaeum</i> reviewer praised Ellis Bell's work for its music and power, singling out those poems as the best in the book: "Ellis possesses a fine, quaint spirit and an evident power of wing that may reach heights not here attempted",<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <i>The Critic</i> reviewer recognised "the presence of more genius than it was supposed this utilitarian age had devoted to the loftier exercises of the intellect."<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Personality_and_character">Personality and character</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Emily_Bront%C3%AB&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Personality and character"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Emily_Bront%C3%AB_cropped.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Emily_Bront%C3%AB_cropped.jpg/220px-Emily_Bront%C3%AB_cropped.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="339" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Emily_Bront%C3%AB_cropped.jpg/330px-Emily_Bront%C3%AB_cropped.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Emily_Bront%C3%AB_cropped.jpg/440px-Emily_Bront%C3%AB_cropped.jpg 2x" data-file-width="952" data-file-height="1467" /></a><figcaption>Portrait painted by <a href="/wiki/Branwell_Bront%C3%AB" title="Branwell Brontë">Branwell Brontë</a> in 1833; sources are in disagreement over whether this image is of Emily or Anne.<sup id="cite_ref-Portrait_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Portrait-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>Emily Brontë's solitary nature has made her a mysterious figure and a challenge for biographers to assess.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Except for <a href="/wiki/Ellen_Nussey" title="Ellen Nussey">Ellen Nussey</a> and Louise de Bassompierre, Emily's fellow student in Brussels, she does not seem to have made any friends outside her family. Her closest friend was her sister Anne. Together they shared their own fantasy world, Gondal, and, according to Ellen Nussey, in childhood they were "like twins", "inseparable companions" and "in the very closest sympathy which never had any interruption".<sup id="cite_ref-Fraser_39_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fraser_39-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Barker_195_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Barker_195-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1845 Anne took Emily to visit some of the places she had come to know and love in the five years she spent as governess. A plan to visit <a href="/wiki/Scarborough,_North_Yorkshire" title="Scarborough, North Yorkshire">Scarborough</a> fell through and instead the sisters went to <a href="/wiki/York" title="York">York</a> where Anne showed Emily <a href="/wiki/York_Minster" title="York Minster">York Minster</a>. During the trip the sisters acted out some of their Gondal characters.<sup id="cite_ref-Barker_451_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Barker_451-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Charlotte Brontë remains the primary source of information about Emily, although as an elder sister, writing publicly about her only shortly after her death, she is considered by certain scholars not to be a neutral witness. <a href="/wiki/Stevie_Davies" title="Stevie Davies">Stevie Davies</a> believes that there is what might be called "Charlotte's smoke-screen", and argues that Emily evidently shocked her, to the point that she may even have doubted her sister's sanity. After Emily's death, Charlotte rewrote her character, history and even poems on a model more acceptable to her and the bourgeois reading public.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Biographer Claire O'Callaghan suggests that the trajectory of Brontë's legacy was altered significantly by <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Gaskell" title="Elizabeth Gaskell">Elizabeth Gaskell</a>'s <a href="/wiki/The_Life_of_Charlotte_Bront%C3%AB" title="The Life of Charlotte Brontë">biography of Charlotte</a>, concerning not only because Gaskell did not visit Haworth until after Emily's death, but also because Gaskell admits to disliking what she did know of Emily in her biography of Charlotte.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As O'Callaghan and others have noted, Charlotte was Gaskell's primary source of information on Emily's life and may have exaggerated or fabricated Emily's frailty and shyness to cast herself in the role of maternal saviour.<sup id="cite_ref-Callaghan_2018_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Callaghan_2018-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Charlotte presented Emily as someone whose "natural" love of the beauties of nature had become somewhat exaggerated owing to her shy nature, portraying her as too fond of the Yorkshire moors, and homesick whenever she was away.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAustin2002577_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAustin2002577-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to <a href="/wiki/Lucasta_Miller" title="Lucasta Miller">Lucasta Miller</a>, in her analysis of Brontë biographies, "Charlotte took on the role of Emily's first mythographer."<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the <i>Preface</i> to the Second Edition of <i><a href="/wiki/Wuthering_Heights" title="Wuthering Heights">Wuthering Heights</a></i>, in 1850, Charlotte wrote: </p> <blockquote><div> <p>My sister's disposition was not naturally gregarious; circumstances favoured and fostered her tendency to seclusion; except to go to church or take a walk on the hills, she rarely crossed the threshold of home. Though her feeling for the people round was benevolent, intercourse with them she never sought; nor, with very few exceptions, ever experienced. And yet she knew them: knew their ways, their language, their family histories; she could hear of them with interest, and talk of them with detail, minute, graphic, and accurate; but WITH them, she rarely exchanged a word.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </div></blockquote> <p>Emily's unsociability and extremely shy nature have subsequently been reported many times.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Gérin_196_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gérin_196-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to Norma Crandall, her "warm, human aspect" was "usually revealed only in her love of nature and of animals".<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In a similar description, <i>The Literary News</i> (1883) states: "[Emily] loved the solemn moors, she loved all wild, free creatures and things",<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and critics attest that her love of the moors is manifest in <i>Wuthering Heights</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Over the years, Emily's love of nature has been the subject of many anecdotes. A newspaper dated 31 December 1899, gives the folksy account that "with bird and beast [Emily] had the most intimate relations, and from her walks she often came with fledgling or young rabbit in hand, talking softly to it, quite sure, too, that it understood".<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Elizabeth Gaskell, in her biography of Charlotte, told the story of Emily's punishing her pet dog Keeper for lying "on the delicate white counterpane" that covered one of the beds in the Parsonage. According to Gaskell, she struck him with her fists until he was "half-blind" with his eyes "swelled up". This story has been called into question by many biographers and scholars, including Janet Gezari, Lucasta Miller and Claire O'Callaghan.<sup id="cite_ref-Callaghan_2018_48-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Callaghan_2018-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It also contradicts the following account of Emily's and Keeper's relationship: </p> <blockquote><div> <p>Poor old Keeper, Emily's faithful friend and worshipper, seemed to understand her like a human being. One evening, when the four friends were sitting closely round the fire in the sitting-room, Keeper forced himself in between Charlotte and Emily and mounted himself on Emily's lap; finding the space too limited for his comfort he pressed himself forward on to the guest's knees, making himself quite comfortable. Emily's heart was won by the unresisting endurance of the visitor, little guessing that she herself, being in close contact, was the inspiring cause of submission to Keeper's preference. Sometimes Emily would delight in showing off Keeper—make him frantic in action, and roar with the voice of a lion. It was a terrifying exhibition within the walls of an ordinary sitting-room. Keeper was a solemn mourner at Emily's funeral and never recovered his cheerfulness.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFraser1988296_63-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFraser1988296-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </div></blockquote> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Keeper_-_from_life,_Emily_Bront%C3%AB,_1838.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Keeper_-_from_life%2C_Emily_Bront%C3%AB%2C_1838.jpg/250px-Keeper_-_from_life%2C_Emily_Bront%C3%AB%2C_1838.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="185" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Keeper_-_from_life%2C_Emily_Bront%C3%AB%2C_1838.jpg/330px-Keeper_-_from_life%2C_Emily_Bront%C3%AB%2C_1838.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Keeper_-_from_life%2C_Emily_Bront%C3%AB%2C_1838.jpg/500px-Keeper_-_from_life%2C_Emily_Bront%C3%AB%2C_1838.jpg 2x" data-file-width="571" data-file-height="479" /></a><figcaption>Keeper, watercolour by Emily Brontë, 24 April 1838</figcaption></figure> <p>In <i>Queens of Literature of the Victorian Era</i> (1886), Eva Hope summarises Emily's character as "a peculiar mixture of timidity and Spartan-like courage", and goes on to say, "She was painfully shy, but physically she was brave to a surprising degree. She loved few persons, but those few with a passion of self-sacrificing tenderness and devotion. To other people's failings she was understanding and forgiving, but over herself she kept a continual and most austere watch, never allowing herself to deviate for one instant from what she considered her duty."<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Emily Brontë has often been characterised as a devout if somewhat unorthodox Christian, a heretic and a visionary "mystic of the moors".<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Wuthering_Heights"><i>Wuthering Heights</i></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Emily_Bront%C3%AB&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Wuthering Heights"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Wuthering_Heights" title="Wuthering Heights">Wuthering Heights</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Wuthering.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Wuthering.jpg/170px-Wuthering.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="309" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Wuthering.jpg/255px-Wuthering.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Wuthering.jpg/340px-Wuthering.jpg 2x" data-file-width="940" data-file-height="1710" /></a><figcaption>Title page of the original edition of <i><a href="/wiki/Wuthering_Heights" title="Wuthering Heights">Wuthering Heights</a></i> (1847)</figcaption></figure> <p>Emily Brontë's <i>Wuthering Heights</i> was first published in <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a> in 1847 by <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Cautley_Newby" title="Thomas Cautley Newby">Thomas Cautley Newby</a>, appearing as the first two volumes of a three-volume set that included <a href="/wiki/Anne_Bront%C3%AB" title="Anne Brontë">Anne Brontë</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Agnes_Grey" title="Agnes Grey">Agnes Grey</a></i>. The authors were printed as being Ellis and Acton Bell; Emily's real name did not appear until 1850, when it was printed on the title page of an edited commercial edition.<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The novel's innovative structure somewhat puzzled <a href="/wiki/Critic" title="Critic">critics</a>. </p><p><i>Wuthering Heights</i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">'</span>s violence and passion led the Victorian public and many early reviewers to think that it had been written by a man.<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to <a href="/wiki/Juliet_Gardiner" title="Juliet Gardiner">Juliet Gardiner</a>, "the vivid sexual passion and power of its language and imagery impressed, bewildered and appalled reviewers."<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Literary critic Thomas Joudrey further contextualizes this reaction: "Expecting in the wake of Charlotte Brontë's <i>Jane Eyre</i> to be swept up in an earnest <a href="/wiki/Bildungsroman" title="Bildungsroman">Bildungsroman</a>, they were instead shocked and confounded by a tale of unchecked primal passions, replete with savage cruelty and outright barbarism."<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Even though the novel received mixed reviews when it first came out, and was often condemned for its portrayal of amoral passion, the book subsequently became an English literary classic.<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Emily Brontë never knew the extent of fame she achieved with her only novel, as she died a year after its publication, aged 30. </p><p>Although a letter from her publisher indicates that Emily had begun to write a second novel, the manuscript has never been found. Perhaps Emily or a member of her family eventually destroyed the manuscript, if it existed, when she was prevented by illness from completing it. It has also been suggested that, though less likely, the letter could have been intended for <a href="/wiki/Anne_Bront%C3%AB" title="Anne Brontë">Anne Brontë</a>, who was already writing <i><a href="/wiki/The_Tenant_of_Wildfell_Hall" title="The Tenant of Wildfell Hall">The Tenant of Wildfell Hall</a></i>, her second novel.<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Death">Death</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Emily_Bront%C3%AB&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Death"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Emily_Bront%C3%AB_and_Charlotte_Bront%C3%AB_resting_place.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Emily_Bront%C3%AB_and_Charlotte_Bront%C3%AB_resting_place.jpg/220px-Emily_Bront%C3%AB_and_Charlotte_Bront%C3%AB_resting_place.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="292" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Emily_Bront%C3%AB_and_Charlotte_Bront%C3%AB_resting_place.jpg/330px-Emily_Bront%C3%AB_and_Charlotte_Bront%C3%AB_resting_place.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Emily_Bront%C3%AB_and_Charlotte_Bront%C3%AB_resting_place.jpg/440px-Emily_Bront%C3%AB_and_Charlotte_Bront%C3%AB_resting_place.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2517" data-file-height="3343" /></a><figcaption>Brass plaque on family vault of Emily Brontë and Charlotte Brontë at <a href="/wiki/St_Michael_and_All_Angels%27_Church,_Haworth" title="St Michael and All Angels' Church, Haworth">St Michael and All Angels' Church, Haworth</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Emily's health was probably weakened by the harsh local climate and by unsanitary conditions at home,<sup id="cite_ref-Gaskell_47-48_72-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gaskell_47-48-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> where water was contaminated by run off from the church's graveyard.<sup id="cite_ref-Letter_73-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Letter-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>c<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Branwell died suddenly, on Sunday, 24 September 1848. At his funeral service, a week later, Emily caught a severe cold that quickly developed into inflammation of the lungs and led to <a href="/wiki/Tuberculosis" title="Tuberculosis">tuberculosis</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Benvenuto_24_74-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Benvenuto_24-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-TB_76-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TB-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>d<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Though her condition worsened steadily, she rejected medical help and all offered remedies, saying that she would have "no poisoning doctor" near her.<sup id="cite_ref-Fraser,_316_77-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fraser,_316-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On the morning of 19 December 1848, Charlotte, fearing for her sister, wrote: </p> <blockquote><div> <p>She grows daily weaker. The physician's opinion was expressed too obscurely to be of use – he sent some medicine which she would not take. Moments so dark as these I have never known – I pray for God's support to us all.<sup id="cite_ref-Gaskell_67_78-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gaskell_67-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </div></blockquote> <p>At noon, Emily was worse; she could only whisper in gasps. With her last audible words, she said to Charlotte, "If you will send for a doctor, I will see him now",<sup id="cite_ref-Gaskell_68_79-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gaskell_68-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but it was too late. She died that same day at about two in the afternoon. According to <a href="/wiki/Agnes_Mary_Frances_Duclaux" title="Agnes Mary Frances Duclaux">Mary Robinson</a>, an early biographer of Emily, it happened while she was sitting on the sofa.<sup id="cite_ref-Robinson_308_80-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Robinson_308-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, Charlotte's letter to William Smith Williams, in which she mentions Emily's dog, Keeper, lying at the side of her dying-bed, makes this statement seem unlikely.<sup id="cite_ref-Barker_576_81-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Barker_576-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>It was less than three months after Branwell's death, which led Martha Brown, a housemaid, to declare that "Miss Emily died of a broken heart for love of her brother".<sup id="cite_ref-Gérin_242_82-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gérin_242-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Emily had grown so thin that her coffin measured only 16 inches (40 centimeters) wide. The carpenter said he had never made a narrower one for an adult.<sup id="cite_ref-Vine_24_83-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Vine_24-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Her remains were interred in the family vault in <a href="/wiki/St_Michael_and_All_Angels%27_Church,_Haworth" title="St Michael and All Angels' Church, Haworth">St Michael and All Angels' Church, Haworth</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Legacy">Legacy</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Emily_Bront%C3%AB&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Legacy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The 1946 film <i><a href="/wiki/Devotion_(1946_film)" title="Devotion (1946 film)">Devotion</a></i> was a highly fictionalized account of the lives of the Brontë sisters.<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Emily's novel was the inspiration for the debut single, "<a href="/wiki/Wuthering_Heights_(song)" title="Wuthering Heights (song)">Wuthering Heights</a>", by UK singer-songwriter <a href="/wiki/Kate_Bush" title="Kate Bush">Kate Bush</a> released in January 1978 as the lead single from Bush's debut album <i><a href="/wiki/The_Kick_Inside" title="The Kick Inside">The Kick Inside</a></i>. It uses unusual harmonic progressions and irregular phrase lengths, with lyrics inspired by the location and characters of the 1847 novel.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In 2019 the English folk group <a href="/wiki/The_Unthanks" title="The Unthanks">The Unthanks</a> released <i>Lines</i>, three short albums, which include settings of Brontë's poems to music. Recording took place at the Brontës' home, using their own <a href="/wiki/Regency_era" title="Regency era">Regency era</a> piano played by <a href="/wiki/Adrian_McNally" title="Adrian McNally">Adrian McNally</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the 2019 film <i><a href="/wiki/How_to_Build_a_Girl" title="How to Build a Girl">How to Build a Girl</a></i>, Emily and Charlotte Brontë are among the historical figures in Johanna's wall <a href="/wiki/Collage" title="Collage">collage</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In May 2021, the contents of the Honresfield library, a collection of rare books and manuscripts assembled by Rochdale mill owners Alfred and William Law, was re-discovered after nearly a century. In the collection were handwritten poems by Emily Brontë, as well as the Brontë family edition of Bewick's 'History of British Birds.' The collection was to be auctioned off at <a href="/wiki/Sotheby%27s" title="Sotheby's">Sotheby's</a> and was estimated to sell for £1 million.<sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the 2022 film <i><a href="/wiki/Emily_(2022_film)" title="Emily (2022 film)">Emily</a></i>, written and directed by <a href="/wiki/Frances_O%27Connor" title="Frances O'Connor">Frances O'Connor</a>, <a href="/wiki/Emma_Mackey" title="Emma Mackey">Emma Mackey</a> plays Emily before the publication of <i>Wuthering Heights</i>. The film mixes known biographical details with imagined situations and relationships. </p><p>Norwegian composer <a href="/wiki/Ola_Gjeilo" title="Ola Gjeilo">Ola Gjeilo</a> set select Emily Brontë poems to music with <a href="/wiki/SATB" title="SATB">SATB</a> chorus, string orchestra, and piano, a work commissioned and premiered by the <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco_Choral_Society" title="San Francisco Choral Society">San Francisco Choral Society</a> in a series of concerts in <a href="/wiki/Oakland" class="mw-redirect" title="Oakland">Oakland</a> and <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco" title="San Francisco">San Francisco</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Works">Works</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Emily_Bront%C3%AB&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Works"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFBellBellBell1846" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Charlotte_Bront%C3%AB" title="Charlotte Brontë">Bell, Currer</a>; <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Bell, Ellis</a>; <a href="/wiki/Anne_Bront%C3%AB" title="Anne Brontë">Bell, Acton</a> (1846). <i><a href="/wiki/Poems_by_Currer,_Ellis,_and_Acton_Bell" title="Poems by Currer, Ellis, and Acton Bell">Poems</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Poems&rft.date=1846&rft.aulast=Bell&rft.aufirst=Currer&rft.au=Bell%2C+Ellis&rft.au=Bell%2C+Acton&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmily+Bront%C3%AB" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBell1847" class="citation book cs1">Bell, Ellis (1847). <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Wuthering_Heights_(1st_edition)"><i>Wuthering Heights, A Novel</i></a> (1 ed.). London: Thomas Cautley Newby. <q>Emily Brontë as 'Ellis Bell'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span></q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Wuthering+Heights%2C+A+Novel&rft.place=London&rft.edition=1&rft.pub=Thomas+Cautley+Newby&rft.date=1847&rft.aulast=Bell&rft.aufirst=Ellis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikisource.org%2Fwiki%2FWuthering_Heights_%281st_edition%29&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmily+Bront%C3%AB" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGezari1992" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Janet_Gezari" title="Janet Gezari">Gezari, Janet</a>, ed. (1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/completepoems0000bron/"><i>Emily Jane Brontë: The Complete Poems</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Penguin_Classics" title="Penguin Classics">Penguin Classics</a>. New York: <a href="/wiki/Penguin_Books" title="Penguin Books">Penguin Books</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0140423524" title="Special:BookSources/0140423524"><bdi>0140423524</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OL_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OL (identifier)">OL</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://openlibrary.org/books/OL1464636M">1464636M</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Emily+Jane+Bront%C3%AB%3A+The+Complete+Poems&rft.place=New+York&rft.series=Penguin+Classics&rft.pub=Penguin+Books&rft.date=1992&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fopenlibrary.org%2Fbooks%2FOL1464636M%23id-name%3DOL&rft.isbn=0140423524&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcompletepoems0000bron%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmily+Bront%C3%AB" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Electronic_editions">Electronic editions</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Emily_Bront%C3%AB&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Electronic editions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><div class="side-box metadata side-box-right"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:The_Wikipedia_Library" title="Wikipedia:The Wikipedia Library">Library resources</a> <hr /></div> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><ul> </ul></div></div> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"><b>By Emily Brontë</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a class="external text" href="https://ftl.toolforge.org/cgi-bin/ftl?at=viaf&au=97097302&library=OLBP">Online books</a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://ftl.toolforge.org/cgi-bin/ftl?at=viaf&au=97097302">Resources in your library</a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://ftl.toolforge.org/cgi-bin/ftl?at=viaf&au=97097302&library=0CHOOSE0">Resources in other libraries</a></li></ul> </div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://standardebooks.org/ebooks/emily-bronte">Works by Emily Brontë in eBook form</a> at <a href="/wiki/Standard_Ebooks" title="Standard Ebooks">Standard Ebooks</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/author/405">Works by Emily Brontë</a> at <a href="/wiki/Project_Gutenberg" title="Project Gutenberg">Project Gutenberg</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/search.php?query=%28%28subject%3A%22Brontë%2C%20Emily%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22Emily%20Brontë%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Brontë%2C%20Emily%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Emily%20Brontë%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Brontë%2C%20E%2E%22%20OR%20title%3A%22Emily%20Brontë%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Brontë%2C%20Emily%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Emily%20Brontë%22%20OR%20%28Emily+Bront%2A%29%29%20OR%20%28%221818-1848%22%20AND%20%28%22Brontë%22%20OR%20Bronte%29%29%29%20AND%20%28-mediatype:software%29">Works by or about Emily Brontë</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://librivox.org/author/2072">Works by Emily Brontë</a> at <a href="/wiki/LibriVox" title="LibriVox">LibriVox</a> (public domain audiobooks) <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Speaker_Icon.svg/15px-Speaker_Icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Speaker_Icon.svg/23px-Speaker_Icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Speaker_Icon.svg/30px-Speaker_Icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /></span></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Emily_Bront%C3%AB&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1266661725">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Book_collection.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Book_collection.jpg/32px-Book_collection.jpg" decoding="async" width="32" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Book_collection.jpg/48px-Book_collection.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Book_collection.jpg/64px-Book_collection.jpg 2x" data-file-width="299" data-file-height="238" /></a></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Novels" title="Portal:Novels">Novels portal</a></span></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Quill_and_ink.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Quill_and_ink.svg/28px-Quill_and_ink.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Quill_and_ink.svg/42px-Quill_and_ink.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Quill_and_ink.svg/56px-Quill_and_ink.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="152" data-file-height="152" /></a></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Poetry" title="Portal:Poetry">Poetry portal</a></span></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/28px-P_vip.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/41px-P_vip.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/55px-P_vip.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1911" data-file-height="1944" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Biography" title="Portal:Biography">Biography portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Walterclough_Hall" title="Walterclough Hall">Walterclough Hall</a> – a residence north-east of the village of <a href="/wiki/Southowram" title="Southowram">Southowram</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/To_a_Wreath_of_Snow" title="To a Wreath of Snow">To a Wreath of Snow</a>" – a poem by Emily published in 1837</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Come_hither_child" title="Come hither child">Come hither child</a>" – a poem by Emily published in 1839</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/A_Death-Scene" title="A Death-Scene">A Death-Scene</a>" – a poem by Emily published in 1846</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emily_(2022_film)" title="Emily (2022 film)"><i>Emily</i> (2022 film)</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Emily_Bront%C3%AB&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Notes">Notes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Emily_Bront%C3%AB&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Pic-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Pic_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mick-armitage.staff.shef.ac.uk/anne/cast-2.html">At Roe Head and Blake Hall</a> with pictures of the school then and now, and descriptions of Anne's time there.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Brontë's servant Martha Brown could not recall anything like this when asked about the episode in 1858. However, she remembered Emily extracting Keeper from fights with other dogs.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMiller2013203_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMiller2013203-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Letter-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Letter_73-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">A letter from Charlotte Brontë, to Ellen Nussey, Charlotte refers to the winter of 1833/4 which was unusually wet and there were a large number of deaths in the village — thought to be caused by water running down from the churchyard.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-TB-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-TB_76-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Though many of her contemporaries believed otherwise, "consumption", or tuberculosis does not originate from "catching a <a href="/wiki/Common_cold" title="Common cold">cold</a>". Tuberculosis is a communicable disease, transmitted through the inhalation of airborne droplets of mucus or saliva carrying <i><a href="/wiki/Mycobacterium_tuberculosis" title="Mycobacterium tuberculosis">Mycobacterium tuberculosis</a></i>, and anyone living in close proximity with an infected person would be at increased risk of contracting it. However, it is also a disease that can remain <a href="/wiki/Asymptomatic" title="Asymptomatic">asymptomatic</a> for long periods of time after initial infection, and developing only later when the immune system becomes weak.<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Emily_Bront%C3%AB&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Citations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626" /><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Portrait-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Portrait_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Portrait_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://brontesisters.co.uk/The-Profile-Portrait-Emily-or-Anne.html">"The Bronte Sisters – A True Likeness? – The Profile Portrait – Emily or Anne"</a>. <i>brontesisters.co.uk</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=brontesisters.co.uk&rft.atitle=The+Bronte+Sisters+%E2%80%93+A+True+Likeness%3F+%E2%80%93+The+Profile+Portrait+%E2%80%93+Emily+or+Anne&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbrontesisters.co.uk%2FThe-Profile-Portrait-Emily-or-Anne.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmily+Bront%C3%AB" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">As given by <i>Merriam-Webster Encyclopedia of Literature</i> (Merriam-Webster, incorporated, Publishers: Springfield, Massachusetts, 1995), p viii: "When our research shows that an author's pronunciation of his or her name differs from common usage, the author's pronunciation is listed first, and the descriptor <i>commonly</i> precedes the more familiar pronunciation." See also entries on Anne, Charlotte and Emily Brontë, pp 175–176.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>The New Encyclopædia Britannica, Volume 2</i>. Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. 1992. p. 546.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+New+Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica%2C+Volume+2&rft.pages=546&rft.pub=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica%2C+Inc&rft.date=1992&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmily+Bront%C3%AB" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Fraser_16-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Fraser_16_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Fraser_16_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Fraser, <i>The Brontës</i>, p. 16</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Fraser_28-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Fraser_28_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Fraser, <i>The Brontës</i>, p. 28</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Fraser_35-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Fraser_35_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Fraser, <i>The Brontës</i>, p. 35</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Fraser_31-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Fraser_31_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Fraser, <i>The Brontës</i>, p. 31</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Fraser, <i>Charlotte Bronte: A Writer's Life</i>, pp. 12–13</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Paddock & Rollyson <i>The Brontës A to Z</i> p. 20.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Fraser_44-45-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Fraser_44-45_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Fraser, <i>The Brontës</i>, pp. 44–45</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mezo, Richard E. <i>A Student's Guide to Wuthering Heights by Emily Brontë</i> (2002), p. 1</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>The Brontës' Web of Childhood</i>, by Fannie Ratchford, 1941</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">An analysis of Emily's use of paracosm play as a response to the deaths of her sisters is found in Delmont C. Morrison's <i>Memories of Loss and Dreams of Perfection</i> (Baywood, 2005), <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-89503-309-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-89503-309-7">0-89503-309-7</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://academic.brooklyn.cuny.edu/english/melani/novel_19c/wuthering/diary_papers#diary">"Emily Brontë's Letters and Diary Papers"</a>, City University of New York</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAustin2002578-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAustin2002578_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAustin2002">Austin 2002</a>, p. 578.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Paddock_p._199-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Paddock_p._199_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Paddock & Rollyson <i>The Brontës A to Z</i> p. 199.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gaskell_149-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Gaskell_149_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gaskell, <i>The Life of Charlotte Brontë</i>, p. 149</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Fraser_84-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Fraser_84_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Fraser, <i>The Brontës</i>, p. 84</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Vine_11-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Vine_11_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Vine, <i>Emily Brontë</i> (1998), p. 11</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Krueger, Christine L. <i>Encyclopedia of British writers, 19th century</i> (2009), p. 41</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWallace2008" class="citation book cs1">Wallace, Robert K. (2008). <i>Emily Brontë and Beethoven: Romantic Equilibrium in Fiction and Music</i>. University of Georgia Press. p. 223.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Emily+Bront%C3%AB+and+Beethoven%3A+Romantic+Equilibrium+in+Fiction+and+Music&rft.pages=223&rft.pub=University+of+Georgia+Press&rft.date=2008&rft.aulast=Wallace&rft.aufirst=Robert+K.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmily+Bront%C3%AB" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHennessy2018" class="citation book cs1">Hennessy, John (2018). <i>Emily Jane Brontë and Her Music</i>. WK Publishing. p. 1.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Emily+Jane+Bront%C3%AB+and+Her+Music&rft.pages=1&rft.pub=WK+Publishing&rft.date=2018&rft.aulast=Hennessy&rft.aufirst=John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmily+Bront%C3%AB" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Paddock & Rollyson <i>The Brontës A to Z</i> p. 21.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Constantin_Heger" class="mw-redirect" title="Constantin Heger">Heger, Constantin</a>, 1842, referring to Emily Brontë, as quoted in <i>The Oxford History of the Novel in English</i> (2011), Volume 3, p. 208</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCrandall1957" class="citation book cs1">Crandall, Norma (1957). <i>Emily Brontë, a Psychological Portrait</i>. R. R. Smith Publisher. p. 85.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Emily+Bront%C3%AB%2C+a+Psychological+Portrait&rft.pages=85&rft.pub=R.+R.+Smith+Publisher&rft.date=1957&rft.aulast=Crandall&rft.aufirst=Norma&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmily+Bront%C3%AB" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biography.com/people/emily-bronte-9227381">"Emily Brontë"</a>. <i>Biography</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 February</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Biography&rft.atitle=Emily+Bront%C3%AB&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.biography.com%2Fpeople%2Femily-bronte-9227381&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmily+Bront%C3%AB" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBarker1995" class="citation book cs1">Barker, Juliet R. V. (1995). <i>The Brontës</i> (1st U.S. ed.). New York: St. Martin's Press. p. 440. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0312145551" title="Special:BookSources/0312145551"><bdi>0312145551</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/32701664">32701664</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Bront%C3%ABs&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=440&rft.edition=1st+U.S.&rft.pub=St.+Martin%27s+Press&rft.date=1995&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F32701664&rft.isbn=0312145551&rft.aulast=Barker&rft.aufirst=Juliet+R.+V.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmily+Bront%C3%AB" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFO'Callaghan2018" class="citation book cs1">O'Callaghan, Claire (2018). <i>Emily Brontë Reappraised</i>. Saraband. p. 146.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Emily+Bront%C3%AB+Reappraised&rft.pages=146&rft.pub=Saraband&rft.date=2018&rft.aulast=O%27Callaghan&rft.aufirst=Claire&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmily+Bront%C3%AB" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ratchford, Fannie, ed., <i>Gondal's Queen</i>. University of Texas Press, 1955. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-292-72711-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-292-72711-9">0-292-72711-9</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Roper, Derek, ed., <i>The Poems of Emily Brontë</i>. Oxford University Press, 1996. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-812641-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-19-812641-7">0-19-812641-7</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMcGill2008" class="citation book cs1">McGill, Meredith L. (2008). <i>The Traffic in Poems: Nineteenth-century Poetry and Transatlantic Exchange</i>. 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Oxford: The Shakespeare Head Press. pp. <span class="nowrap">5–</span>8.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Gondal+Poems&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E5-%3C%2Fspan%3E8&rft.pub=The+Shakespeare+Head+Press&rft.date=1938&rft.aulast=Bront%C3%AB&rft.aufirst=Emily+Jane&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmily+Bront%C3%AB" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Encyclopedia of British writers, 19th century</i> (2009), p. 41</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gaskell_335-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Gaskell_335_35-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gaskell, <i>The life of Charlotte Brontë</i> (1857), p. 335</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gérin, Winifred <i>Charlotte Brontë: the evolution of genius</i> (1969), p. 322</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Margot Peters, <i>Unquiet Soul: A Biography of Charlotte Brontë</i> (1976), p. 219</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>In the footsteps of the Brontës</i> (1895), p. 306</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>The poems of Emily Jane Brontë and Anne Brontë</i> (1932), p. 102</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Lorna Sage <i>The Cambridge Guide to Women's Writing in English</i> (1999), p. 90</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Claire O'Callaghan, Emily Brontë Reappraised (2018), p. 5</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">U. 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Knoepflmacher, <i>Emily Brontë: Wuthering Heights</i> (1989), p. 112</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Fraser_39-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Fraser_39_43-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Fraser, <i>A Life of Anne Brontë</i>, p. 39</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Barker_195-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Barker_195_44-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Barker, <i>The Brontës</i>, p. 195</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Barker_451-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Barker_451_45-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Barker, <i>The Brontës</i>, p. 451</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDavies1994" class="citation book cs1">Davies, Stevie (1994). <i>Emily Brontë: Heretic</i>. 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Vintage. pp. <span class="nowrap">171–</span>174. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-09-928714-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-09-928714-5"><bdi>0-09-928714-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Bront%C3%AB+Myth&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E171-%3C%2Fspan%3E174&rft.pub=Vintage&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=0-09-928714-5&rft.aulast=Miller&rft.aufirst=Lucasta&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmily+Bront%C3%AB" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Wuthering_Heights/Editor%27s_Preface" class="extiw" title="s:Wuthering Heights/Editor's Preface">Editor's <i>Preface</i></a> to the Second Edition of <i><a href="/wiki/Wuthering_Heights" title="Wuthering Heights">Wuthering Heights</a></i>, by <a href="/wiki/Charlotte_Bront%C3%AB" title="Charlotte Brontë">Charlotte Brontë</a>, 1850.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i><a href="/wiki/The_Ladies%27_Repository" title="The Ladies' Repository">The Ladies' Repository</a></i>, February 1861.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Alexander, Sellars, <i>The Art of the Brontës</i> (1995), p. 100</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gérin_196-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Gérin_196_55-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gérin, <i>Emily Brontë: a biography</i>, p. 196</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Norma Crandall, <i>Emily Brontë: a psychological portrait</i> (1957), p. 81</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Pylodet, Leypoldt, <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=iK3wrGdzHO4C&pg=PA152#v=onepage&q&f=false">The Literary News</a></i> (1883) Volume 4, p. 152</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Brontë Society, <i>The Brontës Then and Now</i> (1947), p. 31</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i><a href="/wiki/The_Sacramento_Union" title="The Sacramento Union">The Record-Union</a></i>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn82015104/1899-12-31/ed-1/seq-10/">"Sacramento"</a>, 31 December 1899.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGezari2014" class="citation book cs1">Gezari, Janet (2014). 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class="reference-text">Gaskell, <i>The Life of Charlotte Brontë</i>, pp. 68</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Robinson_308-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Robinson_308_80-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Robinson, <i>Emily Brontë</i>, p. 308</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Barker_576-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Barker_576_81-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Barker, <i>The Brontës</i>, p. 576</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gérin_242-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Gérin_242_82-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gérin, <i>Emily Brontë: a biography</i>, p. 242</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Vine_24-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Vine_24_83-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Vine, <i>Emily Brontë</i> (1998), p. 20</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/devotion_1945">"Devotion"</a> – via www.rottentomatoes.com.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Devotion&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rottentomatoes.com%2Fm%2Fdevotion_1945&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmily+Bront%C3%AB" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.annebronte.org/2019/01/20/devotion-the-brontes-in-hollywood/">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'Devotion' – The Brontës In Hollywood"</a>. 20 January 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%27Devotion%27+%E2%80%93+The+Bront%C3%ABs+In+Hollywood&rft.date=2019-01-20&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.annebronte.org%2F2019%2F01%2F20%2Fdevotion-the-brontes-in-hollywood%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmily+Bront%C3%AB" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSpencer2019" class="citation news cs1">Spencer, Neil (17 February 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/music/2019/feb/17/the-unthanks-lines-review-emily-bronte-maxine-peake">"The Unthanks: Lines review – national treasures sing Emily Brontë and Maxine Peake"</a>. <i>The Observer</i> – via www.theguardian.com.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Observer&rft.atitle=The+Unthanks%3A+Lines+review+%E2%80%93+national+treasures+sing+Emily+Bront%C3%AB+and+Maxine+Peake&rft.date=2019-02-17&rft.aulast=Spencer&rft.aufirst=Neil&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fmusic%2F2019%2Ffeb%2F17%2Fthe-unthanks-lines-review-emily-bronte-maxine-peake&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmily+Bront%C3%AB" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.scriptslug.com/assets/uploads/scripts/how-to-build-a-girl-2020.pdf"><i>How to Build a Girl</i> screenplay</a> retrieved 2 June 2021</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-88"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-88">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-57242780">"Emily Brontë: Lost handwritten poems expected to fetch around £1m"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. 25 May 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Emily+Bront%C3%AB%3A+Lost+handwritten+poems+expected+to+fetch+around+%C2%A31m&rft.date=2021-05-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fentertainment-arts-57242780&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmily+Bront%C3%AB" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-89"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-89">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/books/2021/may/25/emily-brontes-handwritten-poems-are-highlight-of-lost-library-auction">"Emily Brontë's handwritten poems are highlight of 'lost library' auction"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i>. 25 May 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Emily+Bront%C3%AB%27s+handwritten+poems+are+highlight+of+%27lost+library%27+auction&rft.date=2021-05-25&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fbooks%2F2021%2Fmay%2F25%2Femily-brontes-handwritten-poems-are-highlight-of-lost-library-auction&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmily+Bront%C3%AB" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sources">Sources</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Emily_Bront%C3%AB&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFAustin2002" class="citation journal cs1">Austin, Linda (Summer 2002). "Emily Brontë's Homesickness". <i>Victorian Studies</i>. <b>44</b> (4): <span class="nowrap">573–</span>596. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12751528">12751528</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Victorian+Studies&rft.atitle=Emily+Bront%C3%AB%27s+Homesickness&rft.ssn=summer&rft.volume=44&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E573-%3C%2Fspan%3E596&rft.date=2002&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F12751528&rft.aulast=Austin&rft.aufirst=Linda&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmily+Bront%C3%AB" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBarker1995" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Juliet_Barker" title="Juliet Barker">Barker, Juliet R. V.</a> (1995). <i>The Brontës</i>. London: Phoenix House. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-85799-069-2" title="Special:BookSources/1-85799-069-2"><bdi>1-85799-069-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Bront%C3%ABs&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Phoenix+House&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=1-85799-069-2&rft.aulast=Barker&rft.aufirst=Juliet+R.+V.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmily+Bront%C3%AB" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBenvenuto1982" class="citation book cs1">Benvenuto, Richard (1982). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/emilybront00benv"><i>Emily Brontë</i></a>. Boston: Twayne Publishers. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-80576-813-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-80576-813-0"><bdi>0-80576-813-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Emily+Bront%C3%AB&rft.place=Boston&rft.pub=Twayne+Publishers&rft.date=1982&rft.isbn=0-80576-813-0&rft.aulast=Benvenuto&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Femilybront00benv&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmily+Bront%C3%AB" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFFraser1988" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Rebecca_Fraser" title="Rebecca Fraser">Fraser, Rebecca</a> (1988). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/brontscharlott00fras"><i>The Brontës: Charlotte Brontë and her family</i></a>. New York: Crown Publishers. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-517-56438-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-517-56438-6"><bdi>0-517-56438-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Bront%C3%ABs%3A+Charlotte+Bront%C3%AB+and+her+family&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Crown+Publishers&rft.date=1988&rft.isbn=0-517-56438-6&rft.aulast=Fraser&rft.aufirst=Rebecca&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbrontscharlott00fras&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmily+Bront%C3%AB" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFFraser2008" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Rebecca_Fraser" title="Rebecca Fraser">Fraser, Rebecca</a> (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/charlottebrontew0000fras"><i>Charlotte Bronte: A Writer's Life</i></a>. New York: Pegasus Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781933648880" title="Special:BookSources/9781933648880"><bdi>9781933648880</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Charlotte+Bronte%3A+A+Writer%27s+Life&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Pegasus+Books&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=9781933648880&rft.aulast=Fraser&rft.aufirst=Rebecca&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcharlottebrontew0000fras&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmily+Bront%C3%AB" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGaskell1857" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Gaskell" title="Elizabeth Gaskell">Gaskell, Elizabeth Cleghorn</a> (1857). <i>The Life of Charlotte Brontë</i>. Vol. 2. London: D. Appleton.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Life+of+Charlotte+Bront%C3%AB&rft.place=London&rft.pub=D.+Appleton&rft.date=1857&rft.aulast=Gaskell&rft.aufirst=Elizabeth+Cleghorn&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmily+Bront%C3%AB" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGérin1971" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Winifred_G%C3%A9rin" title="Winifred Gérin">Gérin, Winifred</a> (1971). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/emilybrontbiogra0000grin"><i>Emily Brontë</i></a></span>. Oxford: Clarendon Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/01-9812-018-4" title="Special:BookSources/01-9812-018-4"><bdi>01-9812-018-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Emily+Bront%C3%AB&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pub=Clarendon+Press&rft.date=1971&rft.isbn=01-9812-018-4&rft.aulast=G%C3%A9rin&rft.aufirst=Winifred&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Femilybrontbiogra0000grin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmily+Bront%C3%AB" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMiller2013" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Lucasta_Miller" title="Lucasta Miller">Miller, Lucasta</a> (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=5vRJTVs9r7YC"><i>The Bronte Myth</i></a>. London: Vintage. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-44642-621-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-44642-621-0"><bdi>978-1-44642-621-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Bronte+Myth&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Vintage&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-1-44642-621-0&rft.aulast=Miller&rft.aufirst=Lucasta&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D5vRJTVs9r7YC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmily+Bront%C3%AB" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPaddockRollyson2003" class="citation book cs1">Paddock, Lisa; Rollyson, Carl (2003). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/brontstozessenti0000padd"><i>The Brontës A to Z</i></a></span>. New York: Facts On File. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8160-4303-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-8160-4303-5"><bdi>0-8160-4303-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Bront%C3%ABs+A+to+Z&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Facts+On+File&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=0-8160-4303-5&rft.aulast=Paddock&rft.aufirst=Lisa&rft.au=Rollyson%2C+Carl&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbrontstozessenti0000padd&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmily+Bront%C3%AB" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRobinson1883" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Agnes_Mary_Frances_Duclaux" title="Agnes Mary Frances Duclaux">Robinson, F. Mary A.</a> (1883). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/emilybront00robi"><i>Emily Brontë</i></a>. Boston: Roberts Brothers.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Emily+Bront%C3%AB&rft.place=Boston&rft.pub=Roberts+Brothers&rft.date=1883&rft.aulast=Robinson&rft.aufirst=F.+Mary+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Femilybront00robi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmily+Bront%C3%AB" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFVine1998" class="citation book cs1">Vine, Steven (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/emilybronte00vine"><i>Emily Brontë</i></a>. New York: Twayne Publishers. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-80571-659-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-80571-659-9"><bdi>0-80571-659-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Emily+Bront%C3%AB&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Twayne+Publishers&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=0-80571-659-9&rft.aulast=Vine&rft.aufirst=Steven&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Femilybronte00vine&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmily+Bront%C3%AB" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Emily_Bront%C3%AB&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985" /><div class="side-box metadata side-box-right"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:The_Wikipedia_Library" title="Wikipedia:The Wikipedia Library">Library resources</a> about <br /> <b>Emily Brontë</b> <hr /></div> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><ul><li><a class="external text" href="https://ftl.toolforge.org/cgi-bin/ftl?st=viaf&su=97097302&library=OLBP">Online books</a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://ftl.toolforge.org/cgi-bin/ftl?st=viaf&su=97097302">Resources in your library</a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://ftl.toolforge.org/cgi-bin/ftl?st=viaf&su=97097302&library=0CHOOSE0">Resources in other libraries</a></li> </ul></div></div> </div> <ul><li><i>Emily Brontë</i>, Charles Simpson</li> <li><i>In the Footsteps of the Brontës</i>, Ellis Chadwick</li> <li><i>Last Things: Emily Brontë's Poems</i>, <a href="/wiki/Janet_Gezari" title="Janet Gezari">Janet Gezari</a></li> <li><i>The Oxford Reader's Companion to the Brontës</i>, Christine Alexander & Margaret Smith</li> <li><i>The Brontë Myth</i>, <a href="/wiki/Lucasta_Miller" title="Lucasta Miller">Lucasta Miller</a></li> <li><i>Emily</i>, Daniel Wynne</li> <li><i>Emily Brontë</i>, <a href="/wiki/Winifred_Gerin" class="mw-redirect" title="Winifred Gerin">Winifred Gerin</a></li> <li><i>A Chainless Soul: A Life of Emily Brontë</i>, <a href="/wiki/Katherine_Frank_(biographer)" title="Katherine Frank (biographer)">Katherine Frank</a></li> <li><i>Emily Brontë. Her Life and Work</i>, <a href="/wiki/Muriel_Spark" title="Muriel Spark">Muriel Spark</a> and Derek Stanford</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRobinson1883" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Agnes_Mary_Frances_Duclaux" title="Agnes Mary Frances Duclaux">Robinson, Agnes Mary Frances</a> (1883). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/25789"><i>Emily Brontë</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a>: <a href="/wiki/W._H._Allen_%26_Co." title="W. H. Allen & Co.">W. H. Allen & Co.</a> – via <a href="/wiki/Project_Gutenberg" title="Project Gutenberg">Project Gutenberg</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Emily+Bront%C3%AB&rft.place=London&rft.pub=W.+H.+Allen+%26+Co.&rft.date=1883&rft.aulast=Robinson&rft.aufirst=Agnes+Mary+Frances&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gutenberg.org%2Febooks%2F25789&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmily+Bront%C3%AB" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>L. P. Hartley, 'Emily Brontë In Gondal And Galdine', in L. P. Hartley, <i>The Novelist's Responsibility</i> (1967), p. 35–53</li> <li><i>Emily's Ghost: A Novel of the Brontë Sisters</i>, <a href="/wiki/Denise_Giardina" title="Denise Giardina">Denise Giardina</a></li> <li><i>Charlotte and Emily: A Novel of the Brontës</i>, Jude Morgan</li> <li><i>Dark Quartet</i>, <a href="/wiki/Lynne_Reid_Banks" title="Lynne Reid Banks">Lynne Reid Banks</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Literature_and_Evil" class="mw-redirect" title="Literature and Evil">Literature and Evil</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/Georges_Bataille" title="Georges Bataille">Georges Bataille</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Emily_Bront%C3%AB&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" 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href="https://archives.nypl.org/brg/19106">Emily Brontë papers, 1830s-1990s</a>, held by the <a href="/wiki/Berg_Collection" class="mw-redirect" title="Berg Collection">Berg Collection</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_York_Public_Library" title="New York Public Library">New York Public Library</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bronte.org.uk/">The Brontë Society and Brontë Parsonage Museum</a> in <a href="/wiki/Haworth" title="Haworth">Haworth</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://maps.google.co.uk/maps/ms?ie=UTF8&msa=0&msid=111811052051951249860.00043456f50a0204ad5d4&z=10&om=1">Locations associated with <i>Wuthering Heights</i> and Emily Brontë</a> — <a href="/wiki/Google_Maps" title="Google Maps">Google Maps</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bl.uk/people/emily-bronte">Emily Brontë</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210619211215/https://www.bl.uk/people/emily-bronte">Archived</a> 19 June 2021 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> at the <a href="/wiki/British_Library" title="British Library">British Library</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eng-poetry.ru/english/Poet.php?PoetId=32">Poems by Emily Jane Brontë</a> at English-Poetry.RU</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://arheve.org/en/bronte-e">Works by Emily Brontë in the online library ARHEVE.org</a> and in the free <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://library.arheve.org/">ARHEVE app</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid 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.navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Brontë_sisters322" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Bront%C3%AB_sisters" title="Template:Brontë sisters"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Bront%C3%AB_sisters" title="Template talk:Brontë sisters"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Bront%C3%AB_sisters" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Brontë sisters"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Brontë_sisters322" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Bront%C3%AB_family" title="Brontë family">Brontë sisters</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Charlotte_Bront%C3%AB" title="Charlotte Brontë">Charlotte</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Jane_Eyre" title="Jane Eyre">Jane Eyre</a></i> (1847)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Shirley_(novel)" title="Shirley (novel)">Shirley</a></i> (1849)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Villette_(novel)" title="Villette (novel)">Villette</a></i> (1853)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Professor_(novel)" title="The Professor (novel)">The Professor</a></i> (1857)</li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="9" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px;padding-left: 0.5em;"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Painting_of_Bront%C3%AB_sisters.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Painting_of_Bront%C3%AB_sisters.png/120px-Painting_of_Bront%C3%AB_sisters.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Painting_of_Bront%C3%AB_sisters.png/250px-Painting_of_Bront%C3%AB_sisters.png 1.5x" data-file-width="416" data-file-height="597" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Emily</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/Lines_(poem)" title="Lines (poem)">Lines</a>" (1837)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/To_a_Wreath_of_Snow" title="To a Wreath of Snow">To a Wreath of Snow</a>" (1837)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/F._De_Samara_to_A._G._A." title="F. De Samara to A. G. A.">F. De Samara to A. G. A.</a>" (1838)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Come_hither_child" title="Come hither child">Come hither child</a>" (1839)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/A_Death-Scene" title="A Death-Scene">A Death-Scene</a>" (1844)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Wuthering_Heights" title="Wuthering Heights">Wuthering Heights</a></i> (1847)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Anne_Bront%C3%AB" title="Anne Brontë">Anne</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/Lines_Composed_in_a_Wood_on_a_Windy_Day" title="Lines Composed in a Wood on a Windy Day">Lines Composed in a Wood on a Windy Day</a>" (1846)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Agnes_Grey" title="Agnes Grey">Agnes Grey</a></i> (1847)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Tenant_of_Wildfell_Hall" title="The Tenant of Wildfell Hall">The Tenant of Wildfell Hall</a></i> (1848)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Collaborative work</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Poems_by_Currer,_Ellis,_and_Acton_Bell" title="Poems by Currer, Ellis, and Acton Bell">Poems by Currer, Ellis, and Acton Bell</a></i> (1846)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Bront%C3%AB_poems" title="List of Brontë poems">List of Brontë poems</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Juvenilia" title="Juvenilia">Juvenilia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Book_of_Ryhmes" title="A Book of Ryhmes">A Book of Ryhmes</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Glass_Town" title="Glass Town">Glass Town</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Young_Men%27s_Magazine" title="The Young Men's Magazine">The Young Men's Magazine</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Gondal_(fictional_country)" title="Gondal (fictional country)">Gondal</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Bront%C3%AB_family" title="Brontë family">Family</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Patrick_Bront%C3%AB" title="Patrick Brontë">Patrick Brontë</a> (father)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Branwell" title="Maria Branwell">Maria Branwell</a> (mother)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Branwell_Bront%C3%AB" title="Branwell Brontë">Branwell Brontë</a> (brother)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Bront%C3%AB" title="Maria Brontë">Maria Brontë</a> (sister)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Bront%C3%AB" title="Elizabeth Brontë">Elizabeth Brontë</a> (sister)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Branwell" title="Elizabeth Branwell">Elizabeth Branwell</a> (aunt)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Bell_Nicholls" title="Arthur Bell Nicholls">Arthur Bell Nicholls</a> (Charlotte's husband)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Kingston_(publisher)" title="John Kingston (publisher)">John Kingston</a> (uncle-in-law)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Morgan_(1782%E2%80%931858)" title="William Morgan (1782–1858)">William Morgan</a> (husband of first cousin once removed)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Locations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Haworth" title="Haworth">Haworth</a> (<a href="/wiki/Village" title="Village">village</a> which was home to and is greatly associated with the Brontës)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bront%C3%AB_Birthplace" title="Brontë Birthplace">Brontë Birthplace</a> (house in Thornton, birthplace of the Brontë sisters)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thornton,_West_Yorkshire" title="Thornton, West Yorkshire">Thornton</a> (<a href="/wiki/Village" title="Village">village</a> which was home to the Brontës)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hartshead" title="Hartshead">Hartshead</a> (<a href="/wiki/Village" title="Village">village</a> which was home to the Brontës)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bront%C3%AB_Country" title="Brontë Country">Brontë Country</a> (landscape portrayed in the Brontë novels)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bront%C3%AB_Parsonage_Museum" title="Brontë Parsonage Museum">Brontë Parsonage Museum</a> (former home and now <a href="/wiki/Museum" title="Museum">museum</a> of the Brontës)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bront%C3%AB_Waterfall" title="Brontë Waterfall">Brontë Waterfall</a> (waterfall associated with the Brontë sisters)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bront%C3%AB_Way" title="Brontë Way">Brontë Way</a> (footpath associated with the Brontë sisters)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cowan_Bridge_School" title="Cowan Bridge School">Cowan Bridge School</a> (school attended by the Brontë sisters)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Michael_and_All_Angels%27_Church,_Haworth" title="St Michael and All Angels' Church, Haworth">St Michael and All Angels' Church</a> (<a href="/wiki/Church_(building)" title="Church (building)">church</a> of which Patrick Brontë was <a href="/wiki/Pastor" title="Pastor">pastor</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Associates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ellen_Nussey" title="Ellen Nussey">Ellen Nussey</a> (lifelong friend and correspondent of Charlotte Brontë)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Gaskell" title="Elizabeth Gaskell">Elizabeth Gaskell</a> (lifelong friend and <a href="/wiki/List_of_biographers" title="List of biographers">biographer</a> of Charlotte Brontë)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Taylor_(women%27s_rights_advocate)" title="Mary Taylor (women's rights advocate)">Mary Taylor</a> (lifelong friend of Charlotte Brontë)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constantin_H%C3%A9ger" title="Constantin Héger">Constantin Héger</a> (<a href="/wiki/Teacher" title="Teacher">teacher</a> who was loved by Charlotte Brontë)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Smith_(publisher,_born_1824)" title="George Smith (publisher, born 1824)">George Smith</a> (<a href="/wiki/Publishing" title="Publishing">publisher</a> of the Brontës)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cultural legacy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Devotion_(1946_film)" title="Devotion (1946 film)"><i>Devotion</i> (1946 film)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Bront%C3%AB_Sisters" title="The Brontë Sisters"><i>Les Sœurs Brontë</i> (1979 film)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bront%C3%AB_(play)" title="Brontë (play)"><i>Brontë</i> (2005 play)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/To_Walk_Invisible" title="To Walk Invisible"><i>To Walk Invisible</i> (2016 film)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emily_(2022_film)" title="Emily (2022 film)"><i>Emily</i> (2022 film)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victorian_literature" title="Victorian literature">Victorian literature</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><b><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Bront%C3%AB_family" title="Category:Brontë family">Category</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Emily_Brontë&#039;s_Wuthering_Heights100" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Wuthering_Heights" title="Template:Wuthering Heights"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Wuthering_Heights" title="Template talk:Wuthering Heights"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Wuthering_Heights" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Wuthering Heights"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Emily_Brontë&#039;s_Wuthering_Heights100" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Emily Brontë</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Wuthering_Heights" title="Wuthering Heights">Wuthering Heights</a></i></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Adaptations_of_Wuthering_Heights" title="Adaptations of Wuthering Heights">Adaptations</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Screen</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wuthering_Heights_(1920_film)" title="Wuthering Heights (1920 film)">1920 film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuthering_Heights_(1939_film)" title="Wuthering Heights (1939 film)">1939 film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuthering_Heights_(1948_TV_play)" title="Wuthering Heights (1948 TV play)">1948 BBC TV play</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Arzoo_(1950_film)" title="Arzoo (1950 film)">Arzoo</a></i> (1950)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hulchul_(1951_film)" title="Hulchul (1951 film)">Hulchul</a></i> (1951)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuthering_Heights_(1953_TV_play)" title="Wuthering Heights (1953 TV play)">1953 BBC TV play</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuthering_Heights_(1954_film)" title="Wuthering Heights (1954 film)">1954 film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuthering_Heights_(1959_film)" title="Wuthering Heights (1959 film)">1959 Australian TV play</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dil_Diya_Dard_Liya" title="Dil Diya Dard Liya">Dil Diya Dard Liya</a></i> (1966)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cumbres_Borrascosas_(1964_TV_series)" title="Cumbres Borrascosas (1964 TV series)">1964 telenovela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuthering_Heights_(1967_TV_series)" title="Wuthering Heights (1967 TV series)">1967 TV series</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuthering_Heights_(1970_film)" title="Wuthering Heights (1970 film)">1970 film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cumbres_Borrascosas_(1976_TV_series)" title="Cumbres Borrascosas (1976 TV series)">1976 telenovela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuthering_Heights_(1978_TV_serial)" title="Wuthering Heights (1978 TV serial)">1978 TV serial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cumbres_Borrascosas_(1979_TV_series)" title="Cumbres Borrascosas (1979 TV series)">1979 telenovela</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hurlevent" title="Hurlevent">Hurlevent</a></i> (1985)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuthering_Heights_(1988_film)" title="Wuthering Heights (1988 film)">1988 film</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hihintayin_Kita_sa_Langit" title="Hihintayin Kita sa Langit">Hihintayin Kita sa Langit</a></i> (1991)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Emily_Bront%C3%AB%27s_Wuthering_Heights" title="Emily Brontë's Wuthering Heights">Emily Brontë's Wuthering Heights</a></i> (1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuthering_Heights_(1998_film)" title="Wuthering Heights (1998 film)">1998 film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sparkhouse" title="Sparkhouse">2002 TV serial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuthering_Heights_(2003_film)" title="Wuthering Heights (2003 film)">2003 film</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Promise_(2007_film)" title="The Promise (2007 film)">The Promise</a></i> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuthering_Heights_(2009_TV_serial)" title="Wuthering Heights (2009 TV serial)">2009 TV serial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuthering_Heights_(2011_film)" title="Wuthering Heights (2011 film)">2011 film</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Walang_Hanggan_(2012_TV_series)" title="Walang Hanggan (2012 TV series)">Walang Hanggan</a></i> (2012)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Wuthering_High_School" title="Wuthering High School">Wuthering High School</a></i> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuthering_Heights_(2026_film)" title="Wuthering Heights (2026 film)">2026 film</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Stage</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wuthering_Heights_(Herrmann)" title="Wuthering Heights (Herrmann)">1951 Herrmann opera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuthering_Heights_(Floyd_opera)" title="Wuthering Heights (Floyd opera)">1958 Floyd opera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuthering_Heights_(musical)" title="Wuthering Heights (musical)">1992 musical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heathcliff_(musical)" title="Heathcliff (musical)"><i>Heathcliff</i> (1996 musical)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Heathcliff_(Wuthering_Heights)" title="Heathcliff (Wuthering Heights)">Heathcliff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catherine_Earnshaw" title="Catherine Earnshaw">Catherine Earnshaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuthering_Heights_(fictional_location)" title="Wuthering Heights (fictional location)">Location</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Top_Withens" title="Top Withens">Top Withens</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Wuthering_Heights_references" title="List of Wuthering Heights references">Cultural references</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Wuthering_Heights_(song)" title="Wuthering Heights (song)">Wuthering Heights</a>" (song)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80137#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata4661" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80137#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata4661" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80137#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000121446173">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/97097302">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/31383/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJcgwBtTXYCjqrGMcBvfv3">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Brontë, Emily"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/118638017">Germany</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Brontë, Emily, 1818-1848"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n79018755">United States</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb118941463">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb118941463">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00434468">Japan</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Brontë, Emily"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.sbn.it/nome/CFIV026603">Italy</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an35022405">Australia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=jn19990201021&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datos.bne.es/resource/XX1149235">Spain</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.bnportugal.gov.pt/aut/catbnp/17611">Portugal</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p069002274">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/90056412">Norway</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kopkatalogs.lv/F?func=direct&local_base=lnc10&doc_number=000026024&P_CON_LNG=ENG">Latvia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://katalog.nsk.hr/F/?func=direct&doc_number=000056538&local_base=nsk10">Croatia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bncatalogo.cl/F?func=direct&local_base=red10&doc_number=000034766">Chile</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.nlg.gr/cgi-bin/koha/opac-authoritiesdetail.pl?authid=63321">Greece</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogo.bn.gov.ar/F/?func=direct&local_base=BNA10&doc_number=000034751">Argentina</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lod.nl.go.kr/resource/KAC199603553">Korea</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libris.kb.se/xv8bb3pg49thgvx">Sweden</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810584868305606">Poland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a class="external text" href="https://wikidata-externalid-url.toolforge.org/?p=8034&url_prefix=https://opac.vatlib.it/auth/detail/&id=495/12193">Vatican</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007259130105171">Israel</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cantic.bnc.cat/registre/981058521352706706">Catalonia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.kbr.be/LIBRARY/doc/AUTHORITY/14103451">Belgium</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA00405749?l=en">CiNii</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.getty.edu/vow/ULANFullDisplay?find=&role=&nation=&subjectid=500001046">ULAN</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/artist/825f3f25-aa83-4799-b69d-9b1cbb730f18">MusicBrainz</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rkd.nl/en/explore/artists/12958">RKD Artists</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.performing-arts.eu/discovery/agent/gnd_118638017">FID</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/796463">Trove</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/118638017.html?language=en">Deutsche Biographie</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/person/gnd/1061106306">DDB</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/026754517">IdRef</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6pp9vmr">SNAC</a></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6bk1hf6">2</a></span></li></ul></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" 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