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</a> <ul id="toc-Part_II:_The_Priest_of_the_Sun-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Part_III:_The_Night_Chanter" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Part_III:_The_Night_Chanter"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Part III: The Night Chanter</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Part_III:_The_Night_Chanter-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Part_IV:_The_Dawn_Runner" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Part_IV:_The_Dawn_Runner"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Part IV: The Dawn Runner</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Part_IV:_The_Dawn_Runner-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Literary_significance_and_criticism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" 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href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">1968 novel by N. Scott Momaday</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title" style="font-size:125%; font-style:italic; padding-bottom:0.2em;">House Made of Dawn <span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=House+Made+of+Dawn&rft.author=%5B%5BN.+Scott+Momaday%5D%5D&rft.place=United+States&rft.pages=212"></span></caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:HouseMadeOfDawn.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/85/HouseMadeOfDawn.JPG/220px-HouseMadeOfDawn.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="317" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/8/85/HouseMadeOfDawn.JPG 1.5x" data-file-width="265" data-file-height="382" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">First edition cover</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Author</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/N._Scott_Momaday" title="N. Scott Momaday">N. Scott Momaday</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Cover artist</th><td class="infobox-data">David McIntosh<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Language</th><td class="infobox-data">English</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Published</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li>1968 <a href="/wiki/Harper_%26_Row" class="mw-redirect" title="Harper & Row">Harper & Row</a> (US)</li> <li>1969 <a href="/wiki/Victor_Gollancz_Ltd" title="Victor Gollancz Ltd">Victor Gollancz</a> (UK)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Publication place</th><td class="infobox-data">United States</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Media type</th><td class="infobox-data">Print (hardback & paperback)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Pages</th><td class="infobox-data">212</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><i><b>House Made of Dawn</b></i> is a 1968 novel by <a href="/wiki/N._Scott_Momaday" title="N. Scott Momaday">N. Scott Momaday</a>, widely credited as leading the way for the breakthrough of <a href="/wiki/Native_American_Renaissance" title="Native American Renaissance">Native American literature</a> into the mainstream. It was awarded the <a href="/wiki/Pulitzer_Prize_for_Fiction" title="Pulitzer Prize for Fiction">Pulitzer Prize for Fiction</a> in 1969, and has also been noted for its significance in Native American anthropology.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background">Background</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=House_Made_of_Dawn&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Background"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>With 198 pages, <i>House Made of Dawn</i> was conceived first as a series of poems, and then replanned as stories, and finally shaped into a novel. It is based largely on Momaday's firsthand knowledge of life at <a href="/wiki/Jemez_Pueblo,_New_Mexico" title="Jemez Pueblo, New Mexico">Jemez Pueblo</a>. Like the novel's protagonist, Abel, Momaday lived both inside and outside of mainstream society, growing up on reservations and later attending school and teaching at major universities. In the novel Momaday combines his personal experiences with his imagination—something his father, Al Momaday, and his mother taught him to do, according to his <a href="/wiki/Memoir" title="Memoir">memoir</a> <i>The Names</i>. </p><p>Details in the novel correspond to real-life occurrences. According to one of Momaday's letters: </p> <blockquote><p>Abel is a composite of the boys I knew at Jemez. I wanted to say something about them. An appalling number of them are dead; they died young, and they died violent deaths. One of them was drunk and run over. Another was drunk and froze to death. (He was the best runner I ever knew.) One man was murdered, butchered by a kinsman under a telegraph pole just east of <a href="/w/index.php?title=San_Isidro,_New_Mexico&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="San Isidro, New Mexico (page does not exist)">San Isidro</a>. And yet another committed suicide. A good many who have survived this long are living under the <a href="/wiki/Indian_Relocation_Act_of_1956" title="Indian Relocation Act of 1956">Relocation Program</a> in Los Angeles, Chicago, Detroit, etc. They're a sad lot of people.</p></blockquote> <p>According to one historian, the novel is highly accurate in its portrayal of a <a href="/wiki/Peyote" title="Peyote">peyote</a> service, though in southern California such services normally take place in the desert, not the city.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1972, an independent feature film based on <i>House Made of Dawn</i> by Richardson Morse was released.<sup id="cite_ref-NMAI_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NMAI-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Momaday and Morse wrote the script. Larry Littlebird starred. Considered a "classic", the <a href="/wiki/National_Museum_of_the_American_Indian" title="National Museum of the American Indian">National Museum of the American Indian</a> (NMAI) went to great efforts to preserve the film, now housing all film elements in its film and media archives, which provide study copies.<sup id="cite_ref-NMAI_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NMAI-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Plot_summary">Plot summary</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=House_Made_of_Dawn&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Plot summary"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Part_I:_The_Longhair">Part I: The Longhair</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=House_Made_of_Dawn&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Part I: The Longhair"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>House Made of Dawn</i> begins with the <a href="/wiki/Protagonist" title="Protagonist">protagonist</a>, Abel, returning to his <a href="/wiki/Indian_reservation" title="Indian reservation">reservation</a> in <a href="/wiki/New_Mexico" title="New Mexico">New Mexico</a> after fighting in World War II. The war has left him emotionally devastated and he arrives too drunk to recognize his grandfather, Francisco. Now an old man with a lame leg, Francisco had earlier been a respected hunter and participant in the village's religious ceremonies. He raised Abel after the death of Abel's mother and older brother, Vidal. Francisco instilled in Abel a sense of native traditions and values, but the war and other events severed Abel's connections to that world of spiritual and physical wholeness and connectedness to the land and its people, a world known as a "house made of dawn". </p><p>After arriving in the village, Abel attains a job through Father Olguin chopping wood for Angela St. John, a rich white woman who is visiting the area to bathe in the mineral waters. Angela seduces Abel to distract herself from her own unhappiness, but also because she senses an animal-like quality in Abel. She promises to help him leave the reservation to find better means of employment. Possibly as a result of this affair, Abel realizes that his return to the reservation has been unsuccessful. He no longer feels at home and he is confused. His turmoil becomes clearer when he is beaten in a game of horsemanship by a local <a href="/wiki/Albino" class="mw-redirect" title="Albino">albino</a> Indian named Juan Reyes, described as "the white man". Deciding Juan is a witch, Abel stabs him to death outside of a bar. Abel is then found guilty of murder and sent to jail. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Part_II:_The_Priest_of_the_Sun">Part II: The Priest of the Sun</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=House_Made_of_Dawn&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Part II: The Priest of the Sun"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Part II takes place in Los Angeles, California six and a half years later. Abel has been released from prison and unites with a local group of Indians. The leader of the group, Reverend John Big Bluff Tosamah, Priest of the Sun, teases Abel as a "longhair" who is unable to assimilate to the demands of the modern world. However, Abel befriends a man named Ben Benally from a reservation in New Mexico and develops an intimate relationship with Milly, a kind, blonde <a href="/wiki/Social_worker" class="mw-redirect" title="Social worker">social worker</a>. However, his overall situation has not improved and Abel ends up drunk on the beach with his hands, head, and upper body beaten and broken. Memories run through his mind of the reservation, the war, jail, and Milly. Abel eventually finds the strength to pick himself up and he stumbles across town to the apartment he shares with Ben. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Part_III:_The_Night_Chanter">Part III: The Night Chanter</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=House_Made_of_Dawn&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Part III: The Night Chanter"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ben puts Abel on a train back to the reservation and narrates what has happened to Abel in Los Angeles. Life had not been easy for Abel in the city. First, he was ridiculed by Reverend Tosamah during a poker game with the Indian group. Abel is too drunk to fight back. He remains drunk for the next two days and misses work. When he returns to his job, the boss harasses him and Abel quits. A downward spiral begins and Abel continues to get drunk every day, borrow money from Ben and Milly, and laze around the apartment. Fed up with Abel's behavior, Ben throws him out of the apartment. Abel then seeks revenge on Martinez, a corrupt policeman who robbed Ben one night and hit Abel across the knuckles with his big stick. Abel finds Martinez and is almost beaten to death. While Abel is in the hospital recovering, Ben calls Angela who visits him and revives his spirit, just as he helped revive her spirit years ago, by reciting a story about a bear and a maiden which incidentally matches an old <a href="/wiki/Navajo_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Navajo people">Navajo</a> myth. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Part_IV:_The_Dawn_Runner">Part IV: The Dawn Runner</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=House_Made_of_Dawn&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Part IV: The Dawn Runner"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Abel returns to the reservation in New Mexico to take care of his grandfather, who is dying. His grandfather tells him the stories from his youth and stresses the importance of staying connected to his people's traditions. When the time comes, Abel dresses his grandfather for burial and smears his own body with ashes. As the dawn breaks, Abel begins to run. He is participating in a ritual his grandfather told him about—the race of the dead. As he runs, Abel begins to sing for himself and Francisco. He is coming back to his people and his place in the world. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Literary_significance_and_criticism">Literary significance and criticism</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=House_Made_of_Dawn&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Literary significance and criticism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>House Made of Dawn</i> produced no extensive commentary when it was first published—perhaps, as William James Smith mused in a review of the work in <i>Commonwealth</i> LXXXVIII (20 September 1968), because "it seems slightly un-American to criticize an American Indian's novel"—and its subject matter and theme did not seem to conform to the prescription above. </p><p>Early reviewers such as <a href="/wiki/Marshall_Sprague" title="Marshall Sprague">Marshall Sprague</a> in his "Anglos and Indians", <i>New York Times Book Review</i> (9 June 1968) complained that the novel contained "plenty of haze" but suggested that perhaps this was inevitable in rendering "the mysteries of cultures different from our own" and then goes on to describe this as "one reason why [the story] rings so true". Sprague also discussed the seeming contradiction of writing about a native <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/oral" class="extiw" title="wikt:oral">oral</a> culture—especially in English, the language of the so-called oppressor. He continues, "The mysteries of cultures different from our own cannot be explained in a short novel, even by an artist as talented as Mr. Momaday".<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The many critics—such as Carole Oleson in her "The Remembered Earth: Momaday's <i>House Made of Dawn</i>", <i>South Dakota Review</i> II (Spring 1973)—who have given the novel extended analysis acknowledge that much more explanation is needed "before outsiders can fully appreciate all the subtleties of <i>House Made of Dawn</i>". Baine Kerr has elaborated this point to suggest that Momaday has used "the modern Anglo novel [as] a vehicle for a sacred text", that in it he is "attempting to transliterate Indian culture, myth, and sensibility into an alien art form, without loss". </p><p>However, some commentators have been more critical. In reviewing the "disappointing" novel for <i>Commonweal</i> (September 20, 1968), William James Smith chastised Momaday for his mannered style: "[He] writes in a lyric vein that borrows heavily from some of the slacker rhythms of the King James Bible ... It makes you itch for a blue pencil to knock out all the intensified words that maintain the <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/soporific" class="extiw" title="wikt:soporific">soporific</a> flow." Other critics said it was nothing but "an interesting variation of the old <a href="/wiki/Social_alienation" title="Social alienation">alienation</a> theme"; "a social statement rather than ... a substantial artistic achievement"; "a memorable failure"; "a reflection, not a novel in the comprehensive sense of the word" with "awkward dialogue and affected description"; "a batch of dazzling fragments". </p><p>Overall, the book has come to be seen as a success. Sprague concluded in his article that the novel was superb, and Momaday was widely praised for the novel's rich description of Indian life. Now there is a greater recognition of Momaday's fictional art, and critics have come to recognise its unique achievement as a novel. Despite a qualified reception the novel had succeeded in making its impact even on earlier critics though they were not sure of their own responses. They found it "a story of considerable power and beauty", "strong in imaginative imagery", creating a "world of wonder and exhilarating vastness". In more recent criticism there are signs of greater clarity of understanding of Momaday's achievement. In his review (which appeared in <i>Western American Literature</i> 5, Spring 1970), John Z. Bennett had pointed out how through "a remarkable synthesis of poetic mode and profound emotional and intellectual insight into the Indians' perduring human status" Momaday's novel becomes at last the very act it is dramatizing, an artistic act, a "creation hymn". </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Awards">Awards</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=House_Made_of_Dawn&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Awards"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pulitzer_Prize_for_Fiction" title="Pulitzer Prize for Fiction">Pulitzer Prize for Fiction</a>, 1969</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Influence">Influence</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=House_Made_of_Dawn&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Influence"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Critic Kenneth Lincoln identified the Pulitzer for <i>House Made of Dawn</i> as the moment that sparked the <a href="/wiki/Native_American_Renaissance" title="Native American Renaissance">Native American Renaissance</a>. Many major American Indian novelists (e.g. <a href="/wiki/Paula_Gunn_Allen" title="Paula Gunn Allen">Paula Gunn Allen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Leslie_Marmon_Silko" title="Leslie Marmon Silko">Leslie Marmon Silko</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gerald_Vizenor" title="Gerald Vizenor">Gerald Vizenor</a>, <a href="/wiki/James_Welch_(writer)" title="James Welch (writer)">James Welch</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sherman_Alexie" title="Sherman Alexie">Sherman Alexie</a> and <a href="/wiki/Louise_Erdrich" title="Louise Erdrich">Louise Erdrich</a>) have cited the novel as a significant inspiration for their own work. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Publishers">Publishers</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=House_Made_of_Dawn&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Publishers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Originally published by <a href="/wiki/Harper_%26_Row" class="mw-redirect" title="Harper & Row">Harper & Row</a>, editions have subsequently been brought out by <a href="/wiki/HarperCollins" title="HarperCollins">HarperCollins</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Penguin_Group" title="Penguin Group">Penguin Group</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Econo-Clad_Books&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Econo-Clad Books (page does not exist)">Econo-Clad Books</a> and the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Arizona" title="University of Arizona">University of Arizona</a> Press. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=House_Made_of_Dawn&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Code_talker" title="Code talker">Code talker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_removal" title="Indian removal">Indian removal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jemez_runners" class="mw-redirect" title="Jemez runners">Jemez runners</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiowa" title="Kiowa">Kiowa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Native_Americans_and_World_War_II" title="Native Americans and World War II">Native Americans and World War II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Native_American_Church" title="Native American Church">Native American Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Navajo_Nation" title="Navajo Nation">Navajo Nation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Din%C3%A9_Bahane%CA%BC" title="Diné Bahaneʼ">Diné Bahaneʼ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sun_Dance" title="Sun Dance">Sun Dance</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Release_details">Release details</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=House_Made_of_Dawn&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Release details"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>1968, US, Harper & Row (<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-06-093211-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-06-093211-2">0-06-093211-2</a>), Pub date ? ? 1968, hardback (First edition)</li> <li>1989, US, Borgo Press (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8095-9141-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-8095-9141-3">0-8095-9141-3</a>), Pub date ? October 1989, hardback</li> <li>1989, US, SOS Free Stock (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-06-091633-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-06-091633-8">0-06-091633-8</a>), Pub date ? October 1989, paperback</li> <li>1996, US, University of Arizona Press (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8165-1705-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-8165-1705-3">0-8165-1705-3</a>), Pub date ? September 1996, hardback</li> <li>1999, US, HarperCollins (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-06-093194-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-06-093194-9">0-06-093194-9</a>), Pub date ? August 1999, hardback</li> <li>2000, US, McGraw Hill Higher Education (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-07-243420-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-07-243420-1">0-07-243420-1</a>), Pub date 1 June 2000, paperback</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Footnotes">Footnotes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=House_Made_of_Dawn&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Footnotes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.flickr.com/photos/13313279@N04/sets/72157625670023216/detail/?page=3">Bound books – a set on Flickr</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Scarberry-García, Susan. <i>Landmarks of Healing: a Study of House Made of Dawn</i>. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico, 1990. Print.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Stewart, p. 319.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NMAI-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NMAI_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NMAI_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210120080712/https://americanindian.si.edu/explore/film-media/native-media-topics/house-made-of-dawn">"Preserving House Made of Dawn"</a>. <i>National Museum of the American Indian (NMAI)</i>. National Museum of the American Indian. December 2005. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://americanindian.si.edu/explore/film-media/native-media-topics/house-made-of-dawn">the original</a> on 20 January 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Museum+of+the+American+Indian+%28NMAI%29&rft.atitle=Preserving+House+Made+of+Dawn&rft.date=2005-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Famericanindian.si.edu%2Fexplore%2Ffilm-media%2Fnative-media-topics%2Fhouse-made-of-dawn&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHouse+Made+of+Dawn" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">(Sprague in Samudio, p. 940)</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=House_Made_of_Dawn&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li>"N. Scott Momaday: House Made of Dawn", <i>Characters in Twentieth-Century Literature</i>, Book Two (Gale Research, 1995)</li> <li>Bennett, John Z. "Review of House Made of Dawn". <i>Western American Literature</i>. Vol. V, No. 1, Spring, 1970, p. 69.</li> <li>Bernstein, Allison R. "American Indians and World War II". Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1991.</li> <li>Castillo, Susan. "Naming Into Being: Ethnic Identities in N. Scott Momaday's <i>House Made of Dawn</i>". <i>Q/W/E/R/T/Y.: arts, litteratures & civilisations du monde anglophone 7</i> (1997): 163–66.</li> <li>Domina, Lynn. "Liturgies, Rituals, Ceremonies: The Conjunction of Roman Catholic and Native American Religious Traditions in N. Scott Momaday's <i>House Made of Dawn</i>". <i>Paintbrush 21</i> (1994): 7–27.</li> <li>Douglas, Christopher. "The flawed design: American imperialism in N. Scott Momaday's House Made of Dawn and Cormac McCarthy's Blood Meridian". <i>Studies in Contemporary Fiction</i>, Fall 2003, Vol. 45 i1 p. 3.</li> <li>Evers, Lawrence J. "Words and Place: A Reading of House Made of Dawn", <i>Western American Literature</i>. Vol. XI, No. 4, February, 1977, pp. 297–320.</li> <li>Evers, Lawrence J. "The Killing of a New Mexican State Trooper: Ways of Telling a Historical Event". <i>Critical Essays on Native American Literature</i>. Ed. Andrew Wiget. Boston: G. K. Hall, 1985.</li> <li>Hafen, R Jane. "Pan-Indianism and Tribal Sovereignties in House Made of Dawn and The Names". Western American Literature 34: 1 (1999): 6–24.</li> <li>Hirsch, Bernard A. "Self-Hatred and Spiritual Corruption in House Made of Dawn". loc. cit. Vol. XVII. No. 4. Winter, 1983. pp. 307–20.</li> <li>Hylton, Marion Willard. "On a Trail of Pollen: Momaday's House Made of Dawn", <i>Critique</i>, Vol. XIV, No. 2, 1972, pp. 60–9.</li> <li>Jaskoski, Helen. "House Made of Dawn: Overview", <i>Reference Guide to American Literature</i>, 3rd ed., edited by Jim Kamp, (St. James Press: 1994)</li> <li>Kelly, David. Overview of "House Made of Dawn", <i>Novels for Students</i>, Vol. 10 (The Gale Group: 2000)</li> <li>Nelson, Robert M. <i>Place and Vision: The Function of Landscape in Native American Fiction</i>. New York: Lang, 1993.</li> <li>Oleson, Carole. "The Remembered Earth: Momaday's House Made of Dawn". <i>South Dakota Review</i>, Vol. 11, No. 1, Spring, 1973, pp. 59–78.</li> <li>Samudio, Josephine, ed. <i>Book Review Digest</i>. Vol. 64. New York: H. W. Wilson, 1969.</li> <li>Sandner, Donald. "Navaho Symbols of Healing". Rochester, Vt.: Healing Arts Press, 1991.</li> <li>Scarberry-Garcia, Susan. <i>Landmarks of Healing: A Study of</i> House Made of Dawn. Albuquerque: U of New Mexico P, 1990.</li> <li>Stewart, Omer C. <i>Peyote Religion: A History</i>. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1987.</li> <li>Theoharris, Zoe. <i>The problem of cultural integration in Momaday's House made of dawn</i> (Emporia State University: 1979)</li> <li>Trimmer, Joseph F. "Native Americans and the American Mix: N. Scott Momaday's House Made of Dawn". <i>The Indiana Social Studies Quarterly</i> 28 (1975).</li> <li>Velie, Alan. "Identity and Genre in House Made of Dawn". <i>Q/W/EIR/T/Y: arts, litteratures & civilisations du monde anglophone</i> 7 (1997): 175–81.</li> <li>Velie, Alan R. "House Made of Dawn: Nobody's Protest Novel", <i>Four American Indian Literary Masters: N. Scott Momaday, James Welch, Leslie Marmon Silko, and Gerald Vizenor</i> (University of Oklahoma Press: 1982) pp. 52–64.</li> <li>Waniek, Marilyn Nelson. "The Power of Language in N. Scott Momaday's House Made of Dawn" <i>Minority Voices</i>, Vol. 4, No. 1, 1980, pp. 23–8.</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=House_Made_of_Dawn&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pprize.com/BookDetail.php?bk=51">Photos of the first edition of House Made of Dawn</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output 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style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/His_Family" title="His Family">His Family</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Ernest_Poole" title="Ernest Poole">Ernest Poole</a> (1918)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Magnificent_Ambersons" title="The Magnificent Ambersons">The Magnificent Ambersons</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Booth_Tarkington" title="Booth Tarkington">Booth Tarkington</a> (1919)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Age_of_Innocence" title="The Age of Innocence">The Age of Innocence</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Edith_Wharton" title="Edith Wharton">Edith Wharton</a> (1921)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Alice_Adams_(novel)" title="Alice Adams (novel)">Alice Adams</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Booth_Tarkington" title="Booth Tarkington">Booth Tarkington</a> (1922)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/One_of_Ours" title="One of Ours">One of Ours</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Willa_Cather" title="Willa Cather">Willa Cather</a> (1923)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Able_McLaughlins" title="The Able McLaughlins">The Able McLaughlins</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Margaret_Wilson_(novelist)" title="Margaret Wilson (novelist)">Margaret Wilson</a> (1924)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/So_Big_(novel)" title="So Big (novel)">So Big</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Edna_Ferber" title="Edna Ferber">Edna Ferber</a> (1925)</li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Pulitzer_Medal_-_obverse.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Pulitzer_Medal_-_obverse.png/60px-Pulitzer_Medal_-_obverse.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="60" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Pulitzer_Medal_-_obverse.png/90px-Pulitzer_Medal_-_obverse.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Pulitzer_Medal_-_obverse.png/120px-Pulitzer_Medal_-_obverse.png 2x" data-file-width="1114" data-file-height="1110" /></a></span><br /><br /> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Pulitzer_Medal_-_reverse.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Pulitzer_Medal_-_reverse.png/60px-Pulitzer_Medal_-_reverse.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="59" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Pulitzer_Medal_-_reverse.png/90px-Pulitzer_Medal_-_reverse.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Pulitzer_Medal_-_reverse.png/120px-Pulitzer_Medal_-_reverse.png 2x" data-file-width="1115" data-file-height="1101" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1926–1950</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Arrowsmith_(novel)" title="Arrowsmith (novel)">Arrowsmith</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Sinclair_Lewis" title="Sinclair Lewis">Sinclair Lewis</a> (1926; declined)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Early_Autumn" title="Early Autumn">Early Autumn</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Louis_Bromfield" title="Louis Bromfield">Louis Bromfield</a> (1927)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Bridge_of_San_Luis_Rey" title="The Bridge of San Luis Rey">The Bridge of San Luis Rey</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Thornton_Wilder" title="Thornton Wilder">Thornton Wilder</a> (1928)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Scarlet_Sister_Mary" title="Scarlet Sister Mary">Scarlet Sister Mary</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Julia_Peterkin" title="Julia Peterkin">Julia Peterkin</a> (1929)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Laughing_Boy_(novel)" title="Laughing Boy (novel)">Laughing Boy</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Oliver_La_Farge" title="Oliver La Farge">Oliver La Farge</a> (1930)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Years_of_Grace" title="Years of Grace">Years of Grace</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Margaret_Ayer_Barnes" title="Margaret Ayer Barnes">Margaret Ayer Barnes</a> (1931)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Good_Earth" title="The Good Earth">The Good Earth</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Pearl_S._Buck" title="Pearl S. Buck">Pearl S. Buck</a> (1932)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Store_(novel)" title="The Store (novel)">The Store</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Sigismund_Stribling" class="mw-redirect" title="Thomas Sigismund Stribling">Thomas Sigismund Stribling</a> (1933)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lamb_in_His_Bosom" title="Lamb in His Bosom">Lamb in His Bosom</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Caroline_Pafford_Miller" title="Caroline Pafford Miller">Caroline Pafford Miller</a> (1934)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Now_in_November" title="Now in November">Now in November</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Josephine_Johnson" title="Josephine Johnson">Josephine Winslow Johnson</a> (1935)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Honey_in_the_Horn" title="Honey in the Horn">Honey in the Horn</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/H._L._Davis" title="H. L. Davis">Harold L. Davis</a> (1936)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Gone_with_the_Wind_(novel)" title="Gone with the Wind (novel)">Gone with the Wind</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Margaret_Mitchell" title="Margaret Mitchell">Margaret Mitchell</a> (1937)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Late_George_Apley" title="The Late George Apley">The Late George Apley</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/John_P._Marquand" title="John P. Marquand">John Phillips Marquand</a> (1938)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Yearling" title="The Yearling">The Yearling</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Marjorie_Kinnan_Rawlings" title="Marjorie Kinnan Rawlings">Marjorie Kinnan Rawlings</a> (1939)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Grapes_of_Wrath" title="The Grapes of Wrath">The Grapes of Wrath</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/John_Steinbeck" title="John Steinbeck">John Steinbeck</a> (1940)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/In_This_Our_Life_(novel)" title="In This Our Life (novel)">In This Our Life</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Ellen_Glasgow" title="Ellen Glasgow">Ellen Glasgow</a> (1942)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dragon%27s_Teeth_(novel)" title="Dragon's Teeth (novel)">Dragon's Teeth</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Upton_Sinclair" title="Upton Sinclair">Upton Sinclair</a> (1943)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Journey_in_the_Dark" title="Journey in the Dark">Journey in the Dark</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Martin_Flavin" title="Martin Flavin">Martin Flavin</a> (1944)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Bell_for_Adano_(novel)" title="A Bell for Adano (novel)">A Bell for Adano</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/John_Hersey" title="John Hersey">John Hersey</a> (1945)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/All_the_King%27s_Men" title="All the King's Men">All the King's Men</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Robert_Penn_Warren" title="Robert Penn Warren">Robert Penn Warren</a> (1947)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tales_of_the_South_Pacific" title="Tales of the South Pacific">Tales of the South Pacific</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/James_A._Michener" title="James A. Michener">James A. Michener</a> (1948)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Guard_of_Honor" title="Guard of Honor">Guard of Honor</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/James_Gould_Cozzens" title="James Gould Cozzens">James Gould Cozzens</a> (1949)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Way_West" title="The Way West">The Way West</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/A._B._Guthrie_Jr." title="A. B. Guthrie Jr.">A. B. Guthrie Jr.</a> (1950)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1951–1975</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Town_(Richter_novel)" title="The Town (Richter novel)">The Town</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Conrad_Richter" title="Conrad Richter">Conrad Richter</a> (1951)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Caine_Mutiny" title="The Caine Mutiny">The Caine Mutiny</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Herman_Wouk" title="Herman Wouk">Herman Wouk</a> (1952)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Old_Man_and_the_Sea" title="The Old Man and the Sea">The Old Man and the Sea</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Ernest_Hemingway" title="Ernest Hemingway">Ernest Hemingway</a> (1953)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Fable" title="A Fable">A Fable</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/William_Faulkner" title="William Faulkner">William Faulkner</a> (1955)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Andersonville_(novel)" title="Andersonville (novel)">Andersonville</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/MacKinlay_Kantor" title="MacKinlay Kantor">MacKinlay Kantor</a> (1956)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Death_in_the_Family" title="A Death in the Family">A Death in the Family</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/James_Agee" title="James Agee">James Agee</a> (1958)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Travels_of_Jaimie_McPheeters" title="The Travels of Jaimie McPheeters">The Travels of Jaimie McPheeters</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Robert_Lewis_Taylor" title="Robert Lewis Taylor">Robert Lewis Taylor</a> (1959)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Advise_and_Consent" title="Advise and Consent">Advise and Consent</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Allen_Drury" title="Allen Drury">Allen Drury</a> (1960)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/To_Kill_a_Mockingbird" title="To Kill a Mockingbird">To Kill a Mockingbird</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Harper_Lee" title="Harper Lee">Harper Lee</a> (1961)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Edge_of_Sadness" title="The Edge of Sadness">The Edge of Sadness</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Edwin_O%27Connor" title="Edwin O'Connor">Edwin O'Connor</a> (1962)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Reivers" title="The Reivers">The Reivers</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/William_Faulkner" title="William Faulkner">William Faulkner</a> (1963)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Keepers_of_the_House" title="The Keepers of the House">The Keepers of the House</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Shirley_Ann_Grau" title="Shirley Ann Grau">Shirley Ann Grau</a> (1965)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Collected_Stories_of_Katherine_Anne_Porter" title="The Collected Stories of Katherine Anne Porter">The Collected Stories of Katherine Anne Porter</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Katherine_Anne_Porter" title="Katherine Anne Porter">Katherine Anne Porter</a> (1966)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Fixer_(novel)" title="The Fixer (novel)">The Fixer</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Bernard_Malamud" title="Bernard Malamud">Bernard Malamud</a> (1967)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Confessions_of_Nat_Turner" title="The Confessions of Nat Turner">The Confessions of Nat Turner</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/William_Styron" title="William Styron">William Styron</a> (1968)</li> <li><i><a class="mw-selflink selflink">House Made of Dawn</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/N._Scott_Momaday" title="N. Scott Momaday">N. Scott Momaday</a> (1969)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Collected_Stories_of_Jean_Stafford" title="The Collected Stories of Jean Stafford">The Collected Stories of Jean Stafford</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Jean_Stafford" title="Jean Stafford">Jean Stafford</a> (1970)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Angle_of_Repose" title="Angle of Repose">Angle of Repose</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Wallace_Stegner" title="Wallace Stegner">Wallace Stegner</a> (1972)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Optimist%27s_Daughter" title="The Optimist's Daughter">The Optimist's Daughter</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Eudora_Welty" title="Eudora Welty">Eudora Welty</a> (1973)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gravity%27s_Rainbow" title="Gravity's Rainbow">No award given</a> (1974)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Killer_Angels" title="The Killer Angels">The Killer Angels</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Michael_Shaara" title="Michael Shaara">Michael Shaara</a> (1975)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1976–2000</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Humboldt%27s_Gift" title="Humboldt's Gift">Humboldt's Gift</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Saul_Bellow" title="Saul Bellow">Saul Bellow</a> (1976)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_River_Runs_Through_It_(novel)#Pulitzer_Prize" title="A River Runs Through It (novel)">No award given</a> (1977)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Elbow_Room_(short_story_collection)" title="Elbow Room (short story collection)">Elbow Room</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/James_Alan_McPherson" title="James Alan McPherson">James Alan McPherson</a> (1978)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Stories_of_John_Cheever" title="The Stories of John Cheever">The Stories of John Cheever</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/John_Cheever" title="John Cheever">John Cheever</a> (1979)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Executioner%27s_Song" title="The Executioner's Song">The Executioner's Song</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Norman_Mailer" title="Norman Mailer">Norman Mailer</a> (1980)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Confederacy_of_Dunces" title="A Confederacy of Dunces">A Confederacy of Dunces</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/John_Kennedy_Toole" title="John Kennedy Toole">John Kennedy Toole</a> (1981)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rabbit_Is_Rich" title="Rabbit Is Rich">Rabbit Is Rich</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/John_Updike" title="John Updike">John Updike</a> (1982)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Color_Purple" title="The Color Purple">The Color Purple</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Alice_Walker" title="Alice Walker">Alice Walker</a> (1983)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ironweed_(novel)" title="Ironweed (novel)">Ironweed</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/William_Kennedy_(author)" title="William Kennedy (author)">William Kennedy</a> (1984)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Foreign_Affairs_(novel)" title="Foreign Affairs (novel)">Foreign Affairs</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Alison_Lurie" title="Alison Lurie">Alison Lurie</a> (1985)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lonesome_Dove" title="Lonesome Dove">Lonesome Dove</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Larry_McMurtry" title="Larry McMurtry">Larry McMurtry</a> (1986)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Summons_to_Memphis" title="A Summons to Memphis">A Summons to Memphis</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Peter_Matthew_Hillsman_Taylor" class="mw-redirect" title="Peter Matthew Hillsman Taylor">Peter Taylor</a> (1987)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Beloved_(novel)" title="Beloved (novel)">Beloved</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Toni_Morrison" title="Toni Morrison">Toni Morrison</a> (1988)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Breathing_Lessons" title="Breathing Lessons">Breathing Lessons</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Anne_Tyler" title="Anne Tyler">Anne Tyler</a> (1989)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Mambo_Kings_Play_Songs_of_Love" title="The Mambo Kings Play Songs of Love">The Mambo Kings Play Songs of Love</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Oscar_Hijuelos" title="Oscar Hijuelos">Oscar Hijuelos</a> (1990)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rabbit_at_Rest" title="Rabbit at Rest">Rabbit at Rest</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/John_Updike" title="John Updike">John Updike</a> (1991)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Thousand_Acres" title="A Thousand Acres">A Thousand Acres</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Jane_Smiley" title="Jane Smiley">Jane Smiley</a> (1992)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Good_Scent_from_a_Strange_Mountain" title="A Good Scent from a Strange Mountain">A Good Scent from a Strange Mountain</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Robert_Olen_Butler" title="Robert Olen Butler">Robert Olen Butler</a> (1993)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Shipping_News" title="The Shipping News">The Shipping News</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Annie_Proulx" title="Annie Proulx">E. Annie Proulx</a> (1994)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Stone_Diaries" title="The Stone Diaries">The Stone Diaries</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Carol_Shields" title="Carol Shields">Carol Shields</a> (1995)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Independence_Day_(Ford_novel)" title="Independence Day (Ford novel)">Independence Day</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Richard_Ford" title="Richard Ford">Richard Ford</a> (1996)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Martin_Dressler:_The_Tale_of_an_American_Dreamer" class="mw-redirect" title="Martin Dressler: The Tale of an American Dreamer">Martin Dressler: The Tale of an American Dreamer</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Steven_Millhauser" title="Steven Millhauser">Steven Millhauser</a> (1997)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/American_Pastoral" title="American Pastoral">American Pastoral</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Philip_Roth" title="Philip Roth">Philip Roth</a> (1998)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Hours_(novel)" title="The Hours (novel)">The Hours</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Michael_Cunningham" title="Michael Cunningham">Michael Cunningham</a> (1999)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Interpreter_of_Maladies" title="Interpreter of Maladies">Interpreter of Maladies</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Jhumpa_Lahiri" title="Jhumpa Lahiri">Jhumpa Lahiri</a> (2000)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2001–present</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Amazing_Adventures_of_Kavalier_%26_Clay" title="The Amazing Adventures of Kavalier & Clay">The Amazing Adventures of Kavalier & Clay</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Michael_Chabon" title="Michael Chabon">Michael Chabon</a> (2001)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Empire_Falls" title="Empire Falls">Empire Falls</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Richard_Russo" title="Richard Russo">Richard Russo</a> (2002)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Middlesex_(novel)" title="Middlesex (novel)">Middlesex</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Jeffrey_Eugenides" title="Jeffrey Eugenides">Jeffrey Eugenides</a> (2003)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Known_World" title="The Known World">The Known World</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Edward_P._Jones" title="Edward P. Jones">Edward P. Jones</a> (2004)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Gilead_(novel)" title="Gilead (novel)">Gilead</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Marilynne_Robinson" title="Marilynne Robinson">Marilynne Robinson</a> (2005)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/March_(novel)" title="March (novel)">March</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Geraldine_Brooks_(writer)" title="Geraldine Brooks (writer)">Geraldine Brooks</a> (2006)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Road" title="The Road">The Road</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Cormac_McCarthy" title="Cormac McCarthy">Cormac McCarthy</a> (2007)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Brief_Wondrous_Life_of_Oscar_Wao" title="The Brief Wondrous Life of Oscar Wao">The Brief Wondrous Life of Oscar Wao</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Junot_D%C3%ADaz" title="Junot Díaz">Junot Díaz</a> (2008)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Olive_Kitteridge" title="Olive Kitteridge">Olive Kitteridge</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Strout" title="Elizabeth Strout">Elizabeth Strout</a> (2009)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tinkers_(novel)" title="Tinkers (novel)">Tinkers</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Paul_Harding_(author)" title="Paul Harding (author)">Paul Harding</a> (2010)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Visit_from_the_Goon_Squad" title="A Visit from the Goon Squad">A Visit from the Goon Squad</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Jennifer_Egan" title="Jennifer Egan">Jennifer Egan</a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_Pulitzer_Prize" title="2012 Pulitzer Prize">No award given</a> (2012)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Orphan_Master%27s_Son" title="The Orphan Master's Son">The Orphan Master's Son</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Adam_Johnson_(writer)" title="Adam Johnson (writer)">Adam Johnson</a> (2013)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Goldfinch_(novel)" title="The Goldfinch (novel)">The Goldfinch</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Donna_Tartt" title="Donna Tartt">Donna Tartt</a> (2014)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/All_the_Light_We_Cannot_See" title="All the Light We Cannot See">All the Light We Cannot See</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Anthony_Doerr" title="Anthony Doerr">Anthony Doerr</a> (2015)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Sympathizer" title="The Sympathizer">The Sympathizer</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Viet_Thanh_Nguyen" title="Viet Thanh Nguyen">Viet Thanh Nguyen</a> (2016)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Underground_Railroad_(novel)" title="The Underground Railroad (novel)">The Underground Railroad</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Colson_Whitehead" title="Colson Whitehead">Colson Whitehead</a> (2017)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Less_(novel)" title="Less (novel)">Less</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Sean_Greer" title="Andrew Sean Greer">Andrew Sean Greer</a> (2018)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Overstory" title="The Overstory">The Overstory</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Richard_Powers" title="Richard Powers">Richard Powers</a> (2019)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Nickel_Boys" title="The Nickel Boys">The Nickel Boys</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Colson_Whitehead" title="Colson Whitehead">Colson Whitehead</a> (2020)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Night_Watchman_(novel)" title="The Night Watchman (novel)">The Night Watchman</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Louise_Erdrich" title="Louise Erdrich">Louise Erdrich</a> (2021)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Netanyahus" title="The Netanyahus">The Netanyahus</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Joshua_Cohen_(writer)" title="Joshua Cohen (writer)">Joshua Cohen</a> (2022)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Demon_Copperhead" title="Demon Copperhead">Demon Copperhead</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Barbara_Kingsolver" title="Barbara Kingsolver">Barbara Kingsolver</a> / <i><a href="/wiki/Trust_(novel)" title="Trust (novel)">Trust</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Hernan_Diaz_(writer)" title="Hernan Diaz (writer)">Hernan Diaz</a> (2023)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Night_Watch_(Phillips_novel)" title="Night Watch (Phillips novel)">Night Watch</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Jayne_Anne_Phillips" title="Jayne Anne Phillips">Jayne Anne Phillips</a> (2024)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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