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href="#Part_A:_Pronouncing_Kapampangan_words_in_this_book"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Part A: Pronouncing Kapampangan words in this book</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Part_A:_Pronouncing_Kapampangan_words_in_this_book-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Part A: Pronouncing Kapampangan words in this book subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Part_A:_Pronouncing_Kapampangan_words_in_this_book-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Consonants" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Consonants"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Consonants</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Consonants-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vowels" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a 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title="Kapampangan">Kapampangan</a></bdi></div></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: .5em; float: right; padding: .5em 0 .8em 1.4em; background: none; width: auto;"> <tbody><tr> <td><meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Part_A:_Pronouncing_Kapampangan_words_in_this_book">Part A: Pronouncing Kapampangan words in this book</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kapampangan/Pronouncing_Kapampangan&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Part A: Pronouncing Kapampangan words in this book" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kapampangan/Pronouncing_Kapampangan&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Part A: Pronouncing Kapampangan words in this book"><span>edit source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>This first lesson is essential for you to be able to pronounce the words that we have printed in this book. Here we will learn a few basic words, and how to pronounce them. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Consonants">Consonants</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kapampangan/Pronouncing_Kapampangan&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Consonants" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kapampangan/Pronouncing_Kapampangan&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Consonants"><span>edit source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Most consonants are pronounced like in English. But a few have a specific behaviour: </p> <ul><li><b>r</b> is rolled and pronounced in the same manner as the Spanish, Italian and Russian pronounce it, but not like in English nor like in French.</li> <li><b>dy</b> is pronounced like in English <i>Jack</i></li> <li><b>sy</b> is pronounced like in English <i>shine</i></li> <li><b>ts</b> is pronounced <i>ts</i>, like in English <i>tsar</i>, but sometimes drifts into a pronunciation that sounds more like <i>tch</i> like in English <i>cheer</i>. You will be understood however, if you always pronounce <i>ts</i>.</li> <li><b>ng</b> is pronounced like in the English word <i>sing</i>. But beware, this sound can appear at the beginning of a word, not only the middle or the end.</li> <li>The glottal stop, that we indicate with an apostrophe <b> ' </b> is pronounced in the same way as the <i>t</i> is pronounced in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estuary_English" class="extiw" title="w:Estuary English">Estuary English</a> in words like <i>bottom</i> (bo'om), <i>Britain</i> (bri'ain} or <i>that</i> (tha'). However a glottal stop that occurs at the end of a word is often omitted when it's in the middle of a sentence.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Vowels">Vowels</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kapampangan/Pronouncing_Kapampangan&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Vowels" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kapampangan/Pronouncing_Kapampangan&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Vowels"><span>edit source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There are 5 vowels: </p> <ul><li><b>a</b> similar to English <i>f<b>a</b>ther</i></li> <li><b>i</b> similar to English <i>mach<b>i</b>ne</i>, but shorter like <i>b<b>i</b>t</i> when not stressed.</li> <li><b>u</b> similar to English <i>l<b>oo</b>p</i> but shorter like <i>b<b>oo</b>k</i> when not stressed.</li> <li><b>e</b> similar to English <i>b<b>e</b>d</i></li> <li><b>o</b> somewhere between English <i>f<b>o</b>rty</i> and English <i>d<b>o</b>g</i></li></ul> <p><br /> When they are not stressed, <b>i</b> and <b>e</b> are nearly interchangeable: there are many words that can be pronounced and written using either of the two vowels, for example, <b>king</b> can be pronounced and written <b>keng</b>, <b>íni</b> can become <b>íne</b>. Also <b>o</b> and <b>u</b> are frequently interchangeable if unstressed: <b>nukarín</b> can be pronounced and written <b>nokarín</b>, <b>kumustá</b> can be pronounced and written <b>komustá</b>, etc. Although we try to use a consistent spelling in this book, there is currently no consensus on the spelling for unstressed vowels and it may be that this book sometimes contains both possible spellings. </p><p>Before the arrival of the Spanish, Kapampangan had three vowel sounds: <span class="IPA" title="This is an IPA-transcription; see: International phonetic alphabet." style="white-space: nowrap; font-family: Gentium, Charis SIL, Code2000, Lucida Sans Unicode, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Grande, DejaVu Sans;">/a/</span>, <span class="IPA" title="This is an IPA-transcription; see: International phonetic alphabet." style="white-space: nowrap; font-family: Gentium, Charis SIL, Code2000, Lucida Sans Unicode, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Grande, DejaVu Sans;">/i/</span>, and <span class="IPA" title="This is an IPA-transcription; see: International phonetic alphabet." style="white-space: nowrap; font-family: Gentium, Charis SIL, Code2000, Lucida Sans Unicode, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Grande, DejaVu Sans;">/u/</span>; This was expanded to five vowels with the introduction of Spanish words. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Stress">Stress</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kapampangan/Pronouncing_Kapampangan&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Stress" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kapampangan/Pronouncing_Kapampangan&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Stress"><span>edit source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Each word with more than one syllable is stressed in a specific way: the stress either falls on the last syllable, or on the penultimate syllable. If it is on the penultimate syllable, it is accompanied by a lengthening of the stressed vowel. We indicate the stress in this book with the following sign above the vowel of the stressed syllable: ’ Please note that the stress is usually not written in texts or websites, however, we indicate it in every word, since this is the only way that you can learn to pronounce each word correctly. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Part_B:_Application">Part B: Application</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kapampangan/Pronouncing_Kapampangan&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Part B: Application" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kapampangan/Pronouncing_Kapampangan&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Part B: Application"><span>edit source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Here is an example for each of these specific sounds in a simple word. Note the stress location. </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr bgcolor="#EFEFEF;"> <th>Kapampangan word </th> <th>Translation </th> <th>Hear it </th> <th>English-like pronunciation </th> <th>IPA pronunciation </th> <th>Comment </th></tr> <tr> <td><b> reló </b></td> <td><i>wristwatch</i></td> <td><span class="unicode" style="white-space:nowrap;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Pam-ph-relo.ogg" title="About this sound"><img alt="About this sound" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Loudspeaker.svg/11px-Loudspeaker.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Loudspeaker.svg/17px-Loudspeaker.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Loudspeaker.svg/22px-Loudspeaker.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span> <a href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/55/Pam-ph-relo.ogg" class="internal" title="Pam-ph-relo.ogg">Listen</a> <small class="metadata audiolinkinfo" style="cursor:help;">(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Media_help" class="extiw" title="w:Wikipedia:Media help"><span style="cursor:help;">help</span></a>·<a href="/wiki/File:Pam-ph-relo.ogg" title="File:Pam-ph-relo.ogg"><span style="cursor:help;">info</span></a>)</small></span></td> <td>rrEh-loh</td> <td><span class="IPA" title="This is an IPA-transcription; see: International phonetic alphabet." style="white-space: nowrap; font-family: Gentium, Charis SIL, Code2000, Lucida Sans Unicode, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Grande, DejaVu Sans;">[rɛ:'lo]</span></td> <td>Remember to roll the r-s as in Spanish </td></tr> <tr> <td><b> dyip </b> <i>Eng.</i></td> <td><i>jeep</i></td> <td><span class="unicode" style="white-space:nowrap;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Pam-ph-dyip.ogg" title="About this sound"><img alt="About this sound" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Loudspeaker.svg/11px-Loudspeaker.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Loudspeaker.svg/17px-Loudspeaker.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Loudspeaker.svg/22px-Loudspeaker.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span> <a href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/72/Pam-ph-dyip.ogg" class="internal" title="Pam-ph-dyip.ogg">Listen</a> <small class="metadata audiolinkinfo" style="cursor:help;">(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Media_help" class="extiw" title="w:Wikipedia:Media help"><span style="cursor:help;">help</span></a>·<a href="/wiki/File:Pam-ph-dyip.ogg" title="File:Pam-ph-dyip.ogg"><span style="cursor:help;">info</span></a>)</small></span></td> <td>jip</td> <td><span class="IPA" title="This is an IPA-transcription; see: International phonetic alphabet." style="white-space: nowrap; font-family: Gentium, Charis SIL, Code2000, Lucida Sans Unicode, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Grande, DejaVu Sans;">[dʒip]</span></td> <td>Same as English <i>Jack</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b> syémpre </b></td> <td><i>of course</i></td> <td><span class="unicode" style="white-space:nowrap;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Pam-ph-syempre.ogg" title="About this sound"><img alt="About this sound" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Loudspeaker.svg/11px-Loudspeaker.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Loudspeaker.svg/17px-Loudspeaker.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Loudspeaker.svg/22px-Loudspeaker.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span> <a href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/44/Pam-ph-syempre.ogg" class="internal" title="Pam-ph-syempre.ogg">Listen</a> <small class="metadata audiolinkinfo" style="cursor:help;">(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Media_help" class="extiw" title="w:Wikipedia:Media help"><span style="cursor:help;">help</span></a>·<a href="/wiki/File:Pam-ph-syempre.ogg" title="File:Pam-ph-syempre.ogg"><span style="cursor:help;">info</span></a>)</small></span></td> <td>shEh-m-prreh</td> <td><span class="IPA" title="This is an IPA-transcription; see: International phonetic alphabet." style="white-space: nowrap; font-family: Gentium, Charis SIL, Code2000, Lucida Sans Unicode, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Grande, DejaVu Sans;">['ʃɛ:mprɛ]</span></td> <td>Same as English <i>shame</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b> tsa </b></td> <td><i>tea</i></td> <td><span class="unicode" style="white-space:nowrap;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Pam-ph-tsa.ogg" title="About this sound"><img alt="About this sound" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Loudspeaker.svg/11px-Loudspeaker.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Loudspeaker.svg/17px-Loudspeaker.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Loudspeaker.svg/22px-Loudspeaker.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span> <a href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bd/Pam-ph-tsa.ogg" class="internal" title="Pam-ph-tsa.ogg">Listen</a> <small class="metadata audiolinkinfo" style="cursor:help;">(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Media_help" class="extiw" title="w:Wikipedia:Media help"><span style="cursor:help;">help</span></a>·<a href="/wiki/File:Pam-ph-tsa.ogg" title="File:Pam-ph-tsa.ogg"><span style="cursor:help;">info</span></a>)</small></span></td> <td>ts-ah or tch-ah</td> <td><span class="IPA" title="This is an IPA-transcription; see: International phonetic alphabet." style="white-space: nowrap; font-family: Gentium, Charis SIL, Code2000, Lucida Sans Unicode, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Grande, DejaVu Sans;">[tsa]</span> or <span class="IPA" title="This is an IPA-transcription; see: International phonetic alphabet." style="white-space: nowrap; font-family: Gentium, Charis SIL, Code2000, Lucida Sans Unicode, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Grande, DejaVu Sans;">[tʃa]</span></td> <td>Same as English <i>tsar</i> or drifting to <i>chat</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b> ngan </b></td> <td><i>everyone</i></td> <td><span class="unicode" style="white-space:nowrap;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Pam-ph-ngan.ogg" title="About this sound"><img alt="About this sound" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Loudspeaker.svg/11px-Loudspeaker.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Loudspeaker.svg/17px-Loudspeaker.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Loudspeaker.svg/22px-Loudspeaker.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span> <a href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ec/Pam-ph-ngan.ogg" class="internal" title="Pam-ph-ngan.ogg">Listen</a> <small class="metadata audiolinkinfo" style="cursor:help;">(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Media_help" class="extiw" title="w:Wikipedia:Media help"><span style="cursor:help;">help</span></a>·<a href="/wiki/File:Pam-ph-ngan.ogg" title="File:Pam-ph-ngan.ogg"><span style="cursor:help;">info</span></a>)</small></span></td> <td>ng-an</td> <td><span class="IPA" title="This is an IPA-transcription; see: International phonetic alphabet." style="white-space: nowrap; font-family: Gentium, Charis SIL, Code2000, Lucida Sans Unicode, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Grande, DejaVu Sans;">[ŋan]</span></td> <td>Same as English <i>singing</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b> yátu' </b></td> <td><i>world</i></td> <td><span class="unicode" style="white-space:nowrap;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Pam-ph-yatu.ogg" title="About this sound"><img alt="About this sound" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Loudspeaker.svg/11px-Loudspeaker.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Loudspeaker.svg/17px-Loudspeaker.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Loudspeaker.svg/22px-Loudspeaker.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span> <a href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f5/Pam-ph-yatu.ogg" class="internal" title="Pam-ph-yatu.ogg">Listen</a> <small class="metadata audiolinkinfo" style="cursor:help;">(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Media_help" class="extiw" title="w:Wikipedia:Media help"><span style="cursor:help;">help</span></a>·<a href="/wiki/File:Pam-ph-yatu.ogg" title="File:Pam-ph-yatu.ogg"><span style="cursor:help;">info</span></a>)</small></span></td> <td>yAh-tu + end of word t in Estuary English</td> <td><span class="IPA" title="This is an IPA-transcription; see: International phonetic alphabet." style="white-space: nowrap; font-family: Gentium, Charis SIL, Code2000, Lucida Sans Unicode, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Grande, DejaVu Sans;">['ja:tuʔ]</span></td> <td>Glottal stop: Remember to stop abruptly at the end of the word. </td></tr> <tr> <td><b> óbra </b> <i>Span.</i></td> <td><i>work, job</i></td> <td><span class="unicode" style="white-space:nowrap;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Pam-ph-obra.ogg" title="About this sound"><img alt="About this sound" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Loudspeaker.svg/11px-Loudspeaker.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Loudspeaker.svg/17px-Loudspeaker.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Loudspeaker.svg/22px-Loudspeaker.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span> <a href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6f/Pam-ph-obra.ogg" class="internal" title="Pam-ph-obra.ogg">Listen</a> <small class="metadata audiolinkinfo" style="cursor:help;">(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Media_help" class="extiw" title="w:Wikipedia:Media help"><span style="cursor:help;">help</span></a>·<a href="/wiki/File:Pam-ph-obra.ogg" title="File:Pam-ph-obra.ogg"><span style="cursor:help;">info</span></a>)</small></span></td> <td>O-brrah</td> <td><span class="IPA" title="This is an IPA-transcription; see: International phonetic alphabet." style="white-space: nowrap; font-family: Gentium, Charis SIL, Code2000, Lucida Sans Unicode, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Grande, DejaVu Sans;">['o:bra]</span></td> <td>The o is somewhere between <i>dog</i> and <i>forty</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b> uktúbri </b> <i>Span.</i></td> <td><i>October</i></td> <td><span class="unicode" style="white-space:nowrap;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Pam-ph-uktubre.ogg" title="About this sound"><img alt="About this sound" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Loudspeaker.svg/11px-Loudspeaker.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Loudspeaker.svg/17px-Loudspeaker.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Loudspeaker.svg/22px-Loudspeaker.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span> <a href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e5/Pam-ph-uktubre.ogg" class="internal" title="Pam-ph-uktubre.ogg">Listen</a> <small class="metadata audiolinkinfo" style="cursor:help;">(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Media_help" class="extiw" title="w:Wikipedia:Media help"><span style="cursor:help;">help</span></a>·<a href="/wiki/File:Pam-ph-uktubre.ogg" title="File:Pam-ph-uktubre.ogg"><span style="cursor:help;">info</span></a>)</small></span></td> <td>uk-tU-brri</td> <td><span class="IPA" title="This is an IPA-transcription; see: International phonetic alphabet." style="white-space: nowrap; font-family: Gentium, Charis SIL, Code2000, Lucida Sans Unicode, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Grande, DejaVu Sans;">[uk'tu:bri]</span></td> <td>The second u is like <i>loop</i> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p>You can click on the sound file to here a native speaker pronounce the word. You can note that there is no stress indicated for <b>ngan</b>, <b>tsa</b> and <b>dyip</b>. This is because there is only one syllable (vowel) and therefore there is no need to indicate it. </p><p>You can now even answer when asked what you would like for a drink:<br /> - <b>syémpre, tsa!</b> <i>Tea, of course!</i> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Part_C:_Exercises">Part C: Exercises</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kapampangan/Pronouncing_Kapampangan&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Part C: Exercises" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kapampangan/Pronouncing_Kapampangan&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Part C: Exercises"><span>edit source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Given the rules described above, pronounce the following words: </p> <table> <tbody><tr> <td style="width:100px"><b>ngéni</b></td> <td><i>now</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>yélu</b></td> <td><i>ice</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>syam</b></td> <td><i>nine</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>réni</b></td> <td><i>these</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>dyéli</b></td> <td><i>jelly</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>tsinélas</b></td> <td><i>slippers</i> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><a href="/wiki/Kapampangan/Solutions_to_all_exercises#Pronouncing_Kapampangan" title="Kapampangan/Solutions to all exercises">Solutions</a> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Part_D:_Summary">Part D: Summary</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kapampangan/Pronouncing_Kapampangan&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Part D: Summary" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kapampangan/Pronouncing_Kapampangan&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Part D: Summary"><span>edit source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In this lesson you have learned how to pronounce each vowel and consonant of the Kapampangan language. You have a also learned the following words: </p> <table> <tbody><tr> <td style="width:100px">ngéni</td> <td style="width:180px"><i>now</i></td> <td style="width:100px">dyip</td> <td><i>jeep</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td>yélu</td> <td><i>ice</i></td> <td>syémpre</td> <td><i>of course</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td>syam</td> <td><i>nine</i></td> <td>tsa</td> <td><i>tea</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td>réni</td> <td><i>these</i></td> <td>ngan</td> <td><i>everyone</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td>dyéli</td> <td><i>jelly</i></td> <td>yátu'</td> <td><i>world</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td>tsinélas</td> <td><i>slippers</i></td> <td>óbra</td> <td><i>work</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td>reló</td> <td><i>wristwatch</i></td> <td>uktúbre</td> <td><i>October</i> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Try to remember these words, they will be useful later for constructing sentences. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Part_E:_IPA_sound_charts">Part E: IPA sound charts</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kapampangan/Pronouncing_Kapampangan&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Part E: IPA sound charts" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kapampangan/Pronouncing_Kapampangan&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section's source code: Part E: IPA sound charts"><span>edit source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Consonant_chart">Consonant chart</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kapampangan/Pronouncing_Kapampangan&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Consonant chart" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kapampangan/Pronouncing_Kapampangan&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section's source code: Consonant chart"><span>edit source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>When the written convention is different from the IPA, the IPA version is indicated between square brackets. </p> <table border="" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" style="text-align: center;"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="2"></td> <td>Bilabial</td> <td>Dental / <br />Alveolar</td> <td>Palatal</td> <td>Velar</td> <td>Glottal </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2">Stops</td> <td>Voiceless</td> <td>p</td> <td>t</td> <td></td> <td>k</td> <td>' <span class="IPA" title="This is an IPA-transcription; see: International phonetic alphabet." style="white-space: nowrap; font-family: Gentium, Charis SIL, Code2000, Lucida Sans Unicode, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Grande, DejaVu Sans;">[ʔ]</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Voiced</td> <td>b</td> <td>d</td> <td></td> <td>g</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2">Affricates</td> <td>Voiceless</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>ts <span class="IPA" title="This is an IPA-transcription; see: International phonetic alphabet." style="white-space: nowrap; font-family: Gentium, Charis SIL, Code2000, Lucida Sans Unicode, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Grande, DejaVu Sans;">[ts]</span> <br />drifts into <span class="IPA" title="This is an IPA-transcription; see: International phonetic alphabet." style="white-space: nowrap; font-family: Gentium, Charis SIL, Code2000, Lucida Sans Unicode, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Grande, DejaVu Sans;">[tʃ]</span></td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Voiced</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>dy <span class="IPA" title="This is an IPA-transcription; see: International phonetic alphabet." style="white-space: nowrap; font-family: Gentium, Charis SIL, Code2000, Lucida Sans Unicode, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Grande, DejaVu Sans;">[dʒ]</span></td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2">Fricatives</td> <td></td> <td>s</td> <td>sy <span class="IPA" title="This is an IPA-transcription; see: International phonetic alphabet." style="white-space: nowrap; font-family: Gentium, Charis SIL, Code2000, Lucida Sans Unicode, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Grande, DejaVu Sans;">[ʃ]</span></td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2">Nasals</td> <td>m</td> <td>n</td> <td></td> <td>ng <span class="IPA" title="This is an IPA-transcription; see: International phonetic alphabet." style="white-space: nowrap; font-family: Gentium, Charis SIL, Code2000, Lucida Sans Unicode, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Grande, DejaVu Sans;">[ŋ]</span></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2">Laterals</td> <td></td> <td>l</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2">Flaps</td> <td></td> <td>r</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2">Semivowels</td> <td>w</td> <td></td> <td>y <span class="IPA" title="This is an IPA-transcription; see: International phonetic alphabet." style="white-space: nowrap; font-family: Gentium, Charis SIL, Code2000, Lucida Sans Unicode, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Grande, DejaVu Sans;">[j]</span></td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Note that all the stops are unaspirated. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Vowels_chart">Vowels chart</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kapampangan/Pronouncing_Kapampangan&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Vowels chart" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kapampangan/Pronouncing_Kapampangan&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section's source code: Vowels chart"><span>edit source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table border="" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" style="text-align: center;"> <tbody><tr> <td>In writing</td> <td>pronounced <br /> if stressed <br /> and not final</td> <td>pronounced <br /> unstressed</td> <td>Description </td></tr> <tr> <td>a</td> <td><span class="IPA" title="This is an IPA-transcription; see: International phonetic alphabet." style="white-space: nowrap; font-family: Gentium, Charis SIL, Code2000, Lucida Sans Unicode, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Grande, DejaVu Sans;">a:</span></td> <td><span class="IPA" title="This is an IPA-transcription; see: International phonetic alphabet." style="white-space: nowrap; font-family: Gentium, Charis SIL, Code2000, Lucida Sans Unicode, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Grande, DejaVu Sans;">a</span></td> <td>open front unrounded </td></tr> <tr> <td>e</td> <td><span class="IPA" title="This is an IPA-transcription; see: International phonetic alphabet." style="white-space: nowrap; font-family: Gentium, Charis SIL, Code2000, Lucida Sans Unicode, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Grande, DejaVu Sans;">ɛ:</span></td> <td><span class="IPA" title="This is an IPA-transcription; see: International phonetic alphabet." style="white-space: nowrap; font-family: Gentium, Charis SIL, Code2000, Lucida Sans Unicode, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Grande, DejaVu Sans;">ɛ</span></td> <td>open mid-front unrounded </td></tr> <tr> <td>i</td> <td><span class="IPA" title="This is an IPA-transcription; see: International phonetic alphabet." style="white-space: nowrap; font-family: Gentium, Charis SIL, Code2000, Lucida Sans Unicode, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Grande, DejaVu Sans;">i:</span></td> <td><span class="IPA" title="This is an IPA-transcription; see: International phonetic alphabet." style="white-space: nowrap; font-family: Gentium, Charis SIL, Code2000, Lucida Sans Unicode, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Grande, DejaVu Sans;">ɪ</span></td> <td>close front unrounded </td></tr> <tr> <td>o</td> <td><span class="IPA" title="This is an IPA-transcription; see: International phonetic alphabet." style="white-space: nowrap; font-family: Gentium, Charis SIL, Code2000, Lucida Sans Unicode, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Grande, DejaVu Sans;">o:</span></td> <td><span class="IPA" title="This is an IPA-transcription; see: International phonetic alphabet." style="white-space: nowrap; font-family: Gentium, Charis SIL, Code2000, Lucida Sans Unicode, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Grande, DejaVu Sans;">o</span></td> <td>close-mid back rounded </td></tr> <tr> <td>u</td> <td><span class="IPA" title="This is an IPA-transcription; see: International phonetic alphabet." style="white-space: nowrap; font-family: Gentium, Charis SIL, Code2000, Lucida Sans Unicode, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Grande, DejaVu Sans;">u:</span></td> <td><span class="IPA" title="This is an IPA-transcription; see: International phonetic alphabet." style="white-space: nowrap; font-family: Gentium, Charis SIL, Code2000, Lucida Sans Unicode, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Grande, DejaVu Sans;">ʊ</span></td> <td>close back unrounded </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><br /> There are two diphthongs; <span class="IPA" title="This is an IPA-transcription; see: International phonetic alphabet." style="white-space: nowrap; font-family: Gentium, Charis SIL, Code2000, Lucida Sans Unicode, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Grande, DejaVu Sans;">/oɪ/</span>, and <span class="IPA" title="This is an IPA-transcription; see: International phonetic alphabet." style="white-space: nowrap; font-family: Gentium, Charis SIL, Code2000, Lucida Sans Unicode, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Grande, DejaVu Sans;">/iʊ/</span>, which we simply write <b>oi</b> and <b>iu</b>. </p><p><br /> </p><p><br /> <i><b>Continue to <a href="/wiki/Kapampangan/Greeting" title="Kapampangan/Greeting">Greeting</a></b></i> </p></div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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