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This is a core part of our mission. Here you’ll find answers to your questions, or directions to speak with a person who can help.</p></div> </article> </div> <div data-title="You have a question? Choose your topic:" class="block" id="id-49261" data-type="local/linkColumnsBox" lang="en"> <div class="c-box"> <h2 id="title-49261" class="c-box__heading" aria-level="2"> You have a question? 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/us/help/contact/your-contact-at-springer/31318 - Journal subscriptions" data-track-category="column links" data-track-label="us/help/contact"> <span> Journal subscriptions </span> </a> </li> <li class="c-list-columned__item"> <a href="/us/help/contact/your-contact-at-springer/31320" class="u-pt-4 u-pb-4" data-track="click" data-track-action="click - /us/help/contact/your-contact-at-springer/31320 - Manuscript submissions" data-track-category="column links" data-track-label="us/help/contact"> <span> Manuscript submissions </span> </a> </li> <li class="c-list-columned__item"> <a href="mailto:%20onlineservice@springernature.com?body=Dear%20Customer,%0D%0A%0D%0APlease%20provide%20the%20below%20details%20to%20us%20along%20with%20your%20query%20to%20help%20you:%0D%0A%0D%0AYour%20Name:%0D%0AName%20of%20institution%20or%20organization%20and%20address:%0D%0AAccount%20number%20or%20Email%20associated%20with%20the%20account%20(if%20different%20than%20the%20email%20sending%20the%20request):%0D%0AAccount%20type%20(Institutional,%20Individual,%20Society):%0D%0A%0D%0AIf%20you%20are%20contacting%20us%20about%20an%20access%20problem,%20%20please%20complete%20our%20dedicated%20contact%20form%20for%20Access%20Issues%20-%20https://support.springernature.com/en/support/solutions/articles/6000241348%0D%0A%20%0D%0A%0D%0AYour%20query%20(in%20detail):%0D%0A" class="u-pt-4 u-pb-4" rel="external" data-track="click" data-track-action="click - mailto:%20onlineservice@springernature.com?body=Dear%20Customer,%0D%0A%0D%0APlease%20provide%20the%20below%20details%20to%20us%20along%20with%20your%20query%20to%20help%20you:%0D%0A%0D%0AYour%20Name:%0D%0AName%20of%20institution%20or%20organization%20and%20address:%0D%0AAccount%20number%20or%20Email%20associated%20with%20the%20account%20(if%20different%20than%20the%20email%20sending%20the%20request):%0D%0AAccount%20type%20(Institutional,%20Individual,%20Society):%0D%0A%0D%0AIf%20you%20are%20contacting%20us%20about%20an%20access%20problem,%20%20please%20complete%20our%20dedicated%20contact%20form%20for%20Access%20Issues%20-%20https://support.springernature.com/en/support/solutions/articles/6000241348%0D%0A%20%0D%0A%0D%0AYour%20query%20(in%20detail):%0D%0A - Online access to journals" data-track-category="column links" data-track-label="us/help/contact"> <span> Online access to journals <span role="img" aria-label="(external website)">↗</span> </span> </a> </li> <li class="c-list-columned__item"> <a href="mailto:%20onlineservice@springernature.com?body=Dear%20Customer,%0D%0A%0D%0APlease%20provide%20the%20below%20details%20to%20us%20along%20with%20your%20query%20to%20help%20you:%0D%0A%0D%0AYour%20Name:%0D%0AName%20of%20institution%20or%20organization%20and%20address:%0D%0AAccount%20number%20or%20Email%20associated%20with%20the%20account%20(if%20different%20than%20the%20email%20sending%20the%20request):%0D%0AAccount%20type%20(Institutional,%20Individual,%20Society):%0D%0A%0D%0AIf%20you%20are%20contacting%20us%20about%20an%20access%20problem,%20%20please%20complete%20our%20dedicated%20contact%20form%20for%20Access%20Issues%20-%20https://support.springernature.com/en/support/solutions/articles/6000241348%0D%0A%20%0D%0A%0D%0AYour%20query%20(in%20detail):%0D%0A" class="u-pt-4 u-pb-4" rel="external" data-track="click" data-track-action="click - mailto:%20onlineservice@springernature.com?body=Dear%20Customer,%0D%0A%0D%0APlease%20provide%20the%20below%20details%20to%20us%20along%20with%20your%20query%20to%20help%20you:%0D%0A%0D%0AYour%20Name:%0D%0AName%20of%20institution%20or%20organization%20and%20address:%0D%0AAccount%20number%20or%20Email%20associated%20with%20the%20account%20(if%20different%20than%20the%20email%20sending%20the%20request):%0D%0AAccount%20type%20(Institutional,%20Individual,%20Society):%0D%0A%0D%0AIf%20you%20are%20contacting%20us%20about%20an%20access%20problem,%20%20please%20complete%20our%20dedicated%20contact%20form%20for%20Access%20Issues%20-%20https://support.springernature.com/en/support/solutions/articles/6000241348%0D%0A%20%0D%0A%0D%0AYour%20query%20(in%20detail):%0D%0A - Online Service" data-track-category="column links" data-track-label="us/help/contact"> <span> Online Service <span role="img" aria-label="(external website)">↗</span> </span> </a> </li> <li class="c-list-columned__item"> <a href="/us/help/contact/your-contact-at-springer/31316" class="u-pt-4 u-pb-4" data-track="click" data-track-action="click - /us/help/contact/your-contact-at-springer/31316 - Open Access" data-track-category="column links" data-track-label="us/help/contact"> <span> Open Access </span> </a> </li> <li class="c-list-columned__item"> <a href="/us/help/contact/your-contact-at-springer/31326" class="u-pt-4 u-pb-4" data-track="click" data-track-action="click - /us/help/contact/your-contact-at-springer/31326 - Ordering online" data-track-category="column links" data-track-label="us/help/contact"> <span> Ordering online </span> </a> </li> <li class="c-list-columned__item"> <a href="/us/rights-permissions/obtaining-permissions/882" class="u-pt-4 u-pb-4" data-track="click" data-track-action="click - /us/rights-permissions/obtaining-permissions/882 - Permissions" data-track-category="column links" data-track-label="us/help/contact"> <span> Permissions </span> </a> </li> <li class="c-list-columned__item"> <a href="mailto:%20onlineservice@springernature.com?body=Dear%20Customer,%0D%0A%0D%0APlease%20provide%20the%20below%20details%20to%20us%20along%20with%20your%20query%20to%20help%20you:%0D%0A%0D%0AYour%20Name:%0D%0AName%20of%20institution%20or%20organization%20and%20address:%0D%0AAccount%20number%20or%20Email%20associated%20with%20the%20account%20(if%20different%20than%20the%20email%20sending%20the%20request):%0D%0AAccount%20type%20(Institutional,%20Individual,%20Society):%0D%0A%0D%0AIf%20you%20are%20contacting%20us%20about%20an%20access%20problem,%20%20please%20complete%20our%20dedicated%20contact%20form%20for%20Access%20Issues%20-%20https://support.springernature.com/en/support/solutions/articles/6000241348%0D%0A%20%0D%0A%0D%0AYour%20query%20(in%20detail):%0D%0A" class="u-pt-4 u-pb-4" rel="external" data-track="click" data-track-action="click - mailto:%20onlineservice@springernature.com?body=Dear%20Customer,%0D%0A%0D%0APlease%20provide%20the%20below%20details%20to%20us%20along%20with%20your%20query%20to%20help%20you:%0D%0A%0D%0AYour%20Name:%0D%0AName%20of%20institution%20or%20organization%20and%20address:%0D%0AAccount%20number%20or%20Email%20associated%20with%20the%20account%20(if%20different%20than%20the%20email%20sending%20the%20request):%0D%0AAccount%20type%20(Institutional,%20Individual,%20Society):%0D%0A%0D%0AIf%20you%20are%20contacting%20us%20about%20an%20access%20problem,%20%20please%20complete%20our%20dedicated%20contact%20form%20for%20Access%20Issues%20-%20https://support.springernature.com/en/support/solutions/articles/6000241348%0D%0A%20%0D%0A%0D%0AYour%20query%20(in%20detail):%0D%0A - Search" data-track-category="column links" data-track-label="us/help/contact"> <span> Search <span role="img" aria-label="(external website)">↗</span> </span> </a> </li> <li class="c-list-columned__item"> <a href="mailto:%20onlineservice@springernature.com?body=Dear%20Customer,%0D%0A%0D%0APlease%20provide%20the%20below%20details%20to%20us%20along%20with%20your%20query%20to%20help%20you:%0D%0A%0D%0AYour%20Name:%0D%0AName%20of%20institution%20or%20organization%20and%20address:%0D%0AAccount%20number%20or%20Email%20associated%20with%20the%20account%20(if%20different%20than%20the%20email%20sending%20the%20request):%0D%0AAccount%20type%20(Institutional,%20Individual,%20Society):%0D%0A%0D%0AIf%20you%20are%20contacting%20us%20about%20an%20access%20problem,%20%20please%20complete%20our%20dedicated%20contact%20form%20for%20Access%20Issues%20-%20https://support.springernature.com/en/support/solutions/articles/6000241348%0D%0A%20%0D%0A%0D%0AYour%20query%20(in%20detail):%0D%0A" class="u-pt-4 u-pb-4" rel="external" data-track="click" data-track-action="click - mailto:%20onlineservice@springernature.com?body=Dear%20Customer,%0D%0A%0D%0APlease%20provide%20the%20below%20details%20to%20us%20along%20with%20your%20query%20to%20help%20you:%0D%0A%0D%0AYour%20Name:%0D%0AName%20of%20institution%20or%20organization%20and%20address:%0D%0AAccount%20number%20or%20Email%20associated%20with%20the%20account%20(if%20different%20than%20the%20email%20sending%20the%20request):%0D%0AAccount%20type%20(Institutional,%20Individual,%20Society):%0D%0A%0D%0AIf%20you%20are%20contacting%20us%20about%20an%20access%20problem,%20%20please%20complete%20our%20dedicated%20contact%20form%20for%20Access%20Issues%20-%20https://support.springernature.com/en/support/solutions/articles/6000241348%0D%0A%20%0D%0A%0D%0AYour%20query%20(in%20detail):%0D%0A - SpringerAlert" data-track-category="column links" data-track-label="us/help/contact"> <span> SpringerAlert <span role="img" aria-label="(external website)">↗</span> </span> </a> </li> <li class="c-list-columned__item"> <a href="/us/help/contact/your-contact-at-springer/293258" class="u-pt-4 u-pb-4" data-track="click" data-track-action="click - 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mailto:%20onlineservice@springernature.com?body=Dear%20Customer,%0D%0A%0D%0APlease%20provide%20the%20below%20details%20to%20us%20along%20with%20your%20query%20to%20help%20you:%0D%0A%0D%0AYour%20Name:%0D%0AName%20of%20institution%20or%20organization%20and%20address:%0D%0AAccount%20number%20or%20Email%20associated%20with%20the%20account%20(if%20different%20than%20the%20email%20sending%20the%20request):%0D%0AAccount%20type%20(Institutional,%20Individual,%20Society):%0D%0A%0D%0AIf%20you%20are%20contacting%20us%20about%20an%20access%20problem,%20%20please%20complete%20our%20dedicated%20contact%20form%20for%20Access%20Issues%20-%20https://support.springernature.com/en/support/solutions/articles/6000241348%0D%0A%20%0D%0A%0D%0AYour%20query%20(in%20detail):%0D%0A - Using Springer.com website" data-track-category="column links" data-track-label="us/help/contact"> <span> Using Springer.com website <span role="img" aria-label="(external website)">↗</span> </span> </a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <div data-title="Contacts for:" class="block" id="id-49275" data-type="local/linkColumnsBox" lang="en"> <div class="c-box"> <h2 id="title-49275" class="c-box__heading" aria-level="2"> Contacts for: </h2> <ul class="c-link-columns c-list-columned u-list-reset"> <li class="c-list-columned__item"> <a href="/us/advertisers/contact-us" class="u-pt-4 u-pb-4" data-track="click" data-track-action="click - 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