CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '91341a016f4bab53',cH: 'B8.Q9duE8L6ADru8KVc0N1IytGmQE_g0B56ERbN8JKw-1739777735-1.2.1.1-ceh3UyKRdZq87moVjwOLMG6ljVe8A5lyjl1eyi3CjQ16xPPxe1z6Xh3SvuM2Spec',cUPMDTk: "\/search?q=M.%20A.%20I.%20Khan&__cf_chl_tk=JkLqdWkRzqg8lBqKPysdJ.1LF5VjEnfDW4xaugdS4OM-1739777735-1.0.1.1-NFRC_2zigJUmIXH_078Bu.HQLUNKcLMtvO1TGc.JuUY",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1739777735',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/search?q=M.%20A.%20I.%20Khan&__cf_chl_f_tk=JkLqdWkRzqg8lBqKPysdJ.1LF5VjEnfDW4xaugdS4OM-1739777735-1.0.1.1-NFRC_2zigJUmIXH_078Bu.HQLUNKcLMtvO1TGc.JuUY",md: "VUIyxp150BWy6ahlvpX5ooHxHbazek.VPJzItt851cQ-1739777735-1.2.1.1-ESqdUc2tKw76K7D9vs_8S9GLLY2ijcpCvbY.GjTXIQTPY0SBky255dMccNhsqi98lx3sJLinApH_zl9Ts_1bJuUMKb2_ys4.3gmb_.7WVkoTphmhbQH26AQ_4XY6Z76gMqJwjyPso9rfimXXnZpOuTbysHm8pQjcT0Ozo4RBIVzyXCLjwacw1XqM595c3040DIrY7kkhp3P3zpyyFuhFgXfq0uQmT_2iSECDmJgL0Pnvu_GEoVr0LbE0Kvk5IzEIVHERPHKM.l_iKxL3CvK2krYRuEuyvWJFgryKx9Z_8ysh_1iPwt8rUnKDfcV276Wut5xf4gMQ8AL4_rxEa8yznClaNdNZ9AqbUGvltsI_8QFTVxIrjiSvTRYUuDsAONiLjd.Zf3Hoif8NDSMqTtcDC8TKZ0KUx4yI3dy1J90p8ROLllU2JN72_In4_N7urt_wtydoa8bQfWFdB.Fq7mnsHgekxN5X3hD.q0nU6WfszIzF.pdtwVpTIbD3eFRL8I_wqZV4quNOBf8CH4ids3e8dmuQhIi989Pmb1tZkp73TtJWXMMovKsffKEoMCJKbdu2V.LfrEHwxGYiGHSLADLF3YA1xnRiQ9v9PRE9yAOUrFS7Zu9kQ8Vbajv3EBRh0lo8Pvicj4TCkkvd34hsqHr.qD.mAHHJFVVPLR4ZM5IO1y4DHh04zbeK0uN863E1LlegA5cbuJyW5NfM4jxTZznLT54Gxjj6Its7Ua67JOH3ltZIf7NvceQ_xlAD87MCjlKQDtj.ZT_RZbwMG2YXrAe7VWLGOvkPdgb6.88Q1FNFUsouelaNaBhJXWZIb1w9y0eGOmPK6xFkbJVj6Kc3NdFJfTREshyf5JywZ3mi6XkNGsKDC8bL5BsZxchyd4vwxBP7vSMbxMMmLkRFNsIp8fP3RSC0G1QlCauY5X4rQOSO1cq8Q0r6UJJRqlSEbviufCuhZbMVhXUncnUY_PGVpH7W_vpxyh9t6ryUNSrNi871thBjIihgv7yHSTyGbsAh9Q.nkxN4TVJpXX7BN7LnNnknEuoNE71tlRXm4IhDgULeUFkdXa29N1ilp41Gf6BxjGe9JVtGtoS6pVlFuufsOUGIc69sA_O5w3ityFpLDnHDLxmaEM0.yz0HfZOWVF_FQ.aUVyppa0pC7E.n1JaeqlDUqsUH648yIarqRV3cC3wuMG7XtGNXYegWp3_QnPw9lXD9bw0QKKyrB4O6oZJgN3fCQvjOOPsDlF4I7KNc5NYBh7Idgdmq.eCLXzWvZXGlp_kS2ALHIm3WQWb5ppgzLEBVvuG.ALYrD5NWj4lkY7kTaU5Ldl3ACsPywq5iwywLqYv9qDarWVxGwZbUuwahddUQ.k0VnCF8AKh7CWIJ40kjwXBWFak_N0VqtkWBczEmrTcg_DwEud7DTagI.HZnWaYU2nE1e40Nvb2ZXIygnxMcaBFRzmYavhd69puYmnSUrY90Wm0Os3pQl5bmniW0YkmCumOcWUYvyxm6oTE4KwjgyZPvy_anWmSSPlfoh0XNofLSv5pdV.1ydj4DHmEElv9JNgfi9bjMatgLu0AEw_b1Hij.YKGl0wvY62zhDWYeOOKmLHuszznOsISKokojWTtZSxeMMrlkGWKAJZ_dqQAODEy0i2WNqujp8PRLzGJrRtp7IY.FNmDVpmgoxHupvbUM.c_cqD9wbjYVvJNi6E1uQ14twnYRTr3_8kZBUYBbe6KzZVUagyxffK6ShnXa4MXmCojmp3wYOeQKgqqfXgxRyzspWQ4m_jqubCRa9Psd..32QWCe1tHZNqa3N.k66d27AfEgUqJJ6h3iyS9yPzCIVlXRwQs8tyhVR7mC3p4fFO_J8OMjdp239GFL5CoiOwgjnWClLDeeHZMlRXHFocjKxCoDYKuPXeEFCMpG.2JJcVVSzawJASdyOOMlZVzumZxy.Q",mdrd: "KtigMwEjsfHNIwgSF.YmKI35mO937CKWx9lSr284FxQ-1739777735-1.2.1.1-7EgNtTDeK_On9ZxDl6V_p_FFPP4cZcw1XRXH_ovKHDCA0ha74KvGM9ZkgAbgCJV3RApcEiZGAxEEDj1Xpi0OxBJ8XKSbXDXcALpulvgZ4mj6djijDDQ5QQTojf3bVmviM1h6Sebn20TPo9Ri4v.HWM2nuHXTvXYMjVa36IhyfJOq4n1qcNibE36OmpwlqaE72UxRR8eZB4ZjWmy_AuVVlpD09zymMKUxslNRJCTtlHNbAlH5vWcrUDI6Z6iHpOf6_BcQ6a9CqarixYNaR0jHA4ZgLRw6x3O57kOa6HOy_EBvbXwLkDnuaoo.DZoif0uxIsIdx3sHenU1_WcoeTI.gGsFSwhqzgRjJi86aPcj67nRI7tYdI4YLkqEOvmVga24yOJ0_BNwtg2ILLCVtw0vKp4OLYOxnj4YD0id30lXS_MTZm61jxBiPfc3pcTw8r3I6Cs6V.sEXqWOma53SaKc19_YlcuJw1nLgZTvFn9vnT25z.8egBT7ttxPGa_63adq2Gk.RJqqWVkNRTV7AWxlgfXxy7sAf8hwvSPw6NmUH.Yf1K0p0buJFkSFgw2Z1D_LetbdV8IHpZYft8aFrae0aRzXQUQ1pxzncjA8uBwDVASWKJXZChFom1Us_CPeGN6Uf_jFAF79etoPnW5tFvuQnoWuNrlpWk_H4RSaJFnIA_AVlHqPnpI3jU3SRcyy918VITracyWj1KJVTAxltCEDTCZedzgXe8eG2W8gNh2IMYA4Ko5fLd1zAzKFnzXtKHEr7Kosgcb1aRwfj.qfAyiL4FyvHR1B2W1V1QiwbdlquSrBCdVg6aIsKbK2_zxOISvwZOPHkPhzcS_CPGCVBdqmR47LAcB3BN2KLM7J9LAhoNwUEa6FtSWYEPebrGb83QCyT_7uXcT.WoujgsP4_pNlRNG.fa3I1f1.gQTPVAz3TfQBs3tsO.q90Z25WsaghwbkhWkzd6zEGbdKKomsJ_GerQw5ZwYJySyaBatDdY4jQgnZPTyEIOnuZf6V9zwrd5_iTHPDtiQdLZS6eAIjH5XL9ZF7RlLj8.9AIIRt6rE8P.xpkHLabWG5kzAzwaHSBOkxt3AIjSMIscMAZSfNfjpRvGU5grHb17F.PY9bRzlu_om5v0jp7c8yL64iw2xl_f5Y_hWTlSpqQJcWvX5fhWoQCfW_QnmhHwFPpfwB_Ntd9LnKdZErLKpe9cmiLG2Yjn1z27gusnrkjqyfaD.IibdUmi6V5..mXKBOZFvYqIfnSHI5AmJIaq.RtoHkqL.IZxYurBibynwEXs49RTllyQiZ3HyzaDcXbpaawwK0.D4oZGgbhXhpAO5xLpGQeHN9wyKEKDHa5Q2AMzfjDJTS6uyRDIUl5cYEIqzxd7fA0QP12.RWSBZ.nGqDBooOwIgCXAVZPIXfHDO5CwRxWMvq.wCv1d8ev62Pk_TcQcnnD3_M90CEu4MQXgSc4D.JX1HY0AoRD2UbOjhxMF44EAgcgmzKFcAaWhzdazA67xhbzD.Os4o1BCYgVpjo0qut81byi6PX0jPBjb6qUUSRy_6UGmWZLziFzSqeQENOZfNH.OhGNyHB3Ei40NuDGLpBzIwtynfn5OyhY00szH4OEzfEjLxOxYyUQ6egqmt.TwQsgwg1L5Cw6ldaUdTYRDNTdvTY2f3G7XvYpW3mPaR_eR5fzyP4aWSDuIXuY.C0TgOOKVh7fUar4REF1TUAii7K1gSCs6OvwrQW1f2qb93vvui1IwuFJkPbR6WMchneDztFeqin5J0wOmnl0S5lb0qcMN5P2PhF3H900MserRZgroyq9eJm_QnmzYAT6b4uN6afI4wFG339JcHffkdNHPIqVEz2tIO5FlGh6YNuvrPGpBUl9fDz9GUn3sL5tKB8enbOLvMwPcE2yCIDrprDHkDHvZ4zJ2qvtTC1i9F29GbkBpNCZR36U1b7dIcTlKtjlYNY9iX_s9xaEOIW1nxeTay70FGoZ2mx"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=91341a016f4bab53';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/search?q=M.%20A.%20I.%20Khan&__cf_chl_rt_tk=JkLqdWkRzqg8lBqKPysdJ.1LF5VjEnfDW4xaugdS4OM-1739777735-1.0.1.1-NFRC_2zigJUmIXH_078Bu.HQLUNKcLMtvO1TGc.JuUY" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>