CINXE.COM
賰賷賮 鬲胤賵賾乇 賲賴丕乇丕鬲 丕賱賯乇丕亍丞 丕賱毓賲賷賯丞責 | 鬲毓賱賲 丕賱毓乇亘賷丞
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="ar" dir="rtl" prefix="og: https://ogp.me/ns#"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <script async src="/sites/default/files/google_analytics/gtag.js?sndfg9"></script> <script>window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || [];function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments)};gtag("js", new Date());gtag("set", "developer_id.dMDhkMT", true);gtag("config", "G-KCGD7J0808", {"groups":"default","link_attribution":true,"allow_ad_personalization_signals":false,"page_location":location.pathname + location.search + location.hash});</script> <link rel="canonical" href="http://learning.aljazeera.net/ar/node/21633" /> <meta name="description" content="賱丕 賷毓丕賳賷 丕賱賯乇賾丕亍 丕賱匕賷賳 賵賱丿賵丕 賮賷 丕賱毓氐乇 丕賱乇賯賲賷 賲賳 氐毓賵亘丞 賯乇丕亍丞 賳氐 胤賵賷賱 賮丨爻亘貙 亘賱 廿賳 賰孬賷乇丕 賲賳賴賲 賮賯丿賵丕 賲賴丕乇丞 "丕賱賯乇丕亍丞 丕賱賲鬲毓賲賯丞". 賵賯丿 鬲丨賵賱 丕賱賯賱賯 亘卮兀賳 賯丿乇丞 兀亘賳丕亍 丕賱毓氐乇 丕賱乇賯賲賷 賵丕賱卮亘丕亘 毓賱賶 賯乇丕亍丞 兀賷賾 卮賷亍 兀胤賵賱 賲賳 丨噩賲 丕賱卮丕卮丞 廿賱賶 賲丕 賷卮亘賴 丕賱匕毓乇貙 賵賴賳丕賰 丕賱賰孬賷乇 賲賳 丕賱兀丿賱丞 丕賱鬲賷 鬲丿毓賵聽廿賱賶 丕賱鬲毓丕賲賱聽亘噩丿賾賷丞聽賲毓 賴匕丕 丕賱賯賱賯. (1) 鬲丨賵賱丕鬲 丕賱賯乇丕亍丞" /> <meta property="og:site_name" content="鬲毓賱賲 丕賱毓乇亘賷丞" /> <meta property="og:url" content="http://learning.aljazeera.net/ar/node/21633" /> <meta property="og:title" content="賰賷賮 鬲胤賵賾乇 賲賴丕乇丕鬲 丕賱賯乇丕亍丞 丕賱毓賲賷賯丞責 | 鬲毓賱賲 丕賱毓乇亘賷丞" /> <meta property="og:description" content="賱丕 賷毓丕賳賷 丕賱賯乇賾丕亍 丕賱匕賷賳 賵賱丿賵丕 賮賷 丕賱毓氐乇 丕賱乇賯賲賷 賲賳 氐毓賵亘丞 賯乇丕亍丞 賳氐 胤賵賷賱 賮丨爻亘貙 亘賱 廿賳 賰孬賷乇丕 賲賳賴賲 賮賯丿賵丕 賲賴丕乇丞 "丕賱賯乇丕亍丞 丕賱賲鬲毓賲賯丞". 賵賯丿 鬲丨賵賱 丕賱賯賱賯 亘卮兀賳 賯丿乇丞 兀亘賳丕亍 丕賱毓氐乇 丕賱乇賯賲賷 賵丕賱卮亘丕亘 毓賱賶 賯乇丕亍丞 兀賷賾 卮賷亍 兀胤賵賱 賲賳 丨噩賲 丕賱卮丕卮丞 廿賱賶 賲丕 賷卮亘賴 丕賱匕毓乇貙 賵賴賳丕賰 丕賱賰孬賷乇 賲賳 丕賱兀丿賱丞 丕賱鬲賷 鬲丿毓賵聽廿賱賶 丕賱鬲毓丕賲賱聽亘噩丿賾賷丞聽賲毓 賴匕丕 丕賱賯賱賯. (1) 鬲丨賵賱丕鬲 丕賱賯乇丕亍丞" /> <meta property="og:image" content="http://learning.aljazeera.net/sites/default/files/articles/2024-03/86eb9e383163162bc9c296d5167ebd5f_5.jpg" /> <meta name="google-site-verification" content="g_oDzOCj3P0GP5L6d2hDlJxapOqHK4ZQpkVtJW-0lQA" /> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image" /> <meta name="twitter:description" content="賱丕 賷毓丕賳賷 丕賱賯乇賾丕亍 丕賱匕賷賳 賵賱丿賵丕 賮賷 丕賱毓氐乇 丕賱乇賯賲賷 賲賳 氐毓賵亘丞 賯乇丕亍丞 賳氐 胤賵賷賱 賮丨爻亘貙 亘賱 廿賳 賰孬賷乇丕 賲賳賴賲 賮賯丿賵丕 賲賴丕乇丞 "丕賱賯乇丕亍丞 丕賱賲鬲毓賲賯丞". 賵賯丿 鬲丨賵賱 丕賱賯賱賯 亘卮兀賳 賯丿乇丞 兀亘賳丕亍 丕賱毓氐乇 丕賱乇賯賲賷 賵丕賱卮亘丕亘 毓賱賶 賯乇丕亍丞 兀賷賾 卮賷亍 兀胤賵賱 賲賳 丨噩賲 丕賱卮丕卮丞 廿賱賶 賲丕 賷卮亘賴 丕賱匕毓乇貙 賵賴賳丕賰 丕賱賰孬賷乇 賲賳 丕賱兀丿賱丞 丕賱鬲賷 鬲丿毓賵聽廿賱賶 丕賱鬲毓丕賲賱聽亘噩丿賾賷丞聽賲毓 賴匕丕 丕賱賯賱賯. (1) 鬲丨賵賱丕鬲 丕賱賯乇丕亍丞" /> <meta name="twitter:title" content="賰賷賮 鬲胤賵賾乇 賲賴丕乇丕鬲 丕賱賯乇丕亍丞 丕賱毓賲賷賯丞責 | 鬲毓賱賲 丕賱毓乇亘賷丞" /> <meta name="twitter:image" content="http://learning.aljazeera.net/sites/default/files/articles/2024-03/86eb9e383163162bc9c296d5167ebd5f_5.jpg" /> <meta name="Generator" content="Drupal 9 (https://www.drupal.org)" /> <meta name="MobileOptimized" content="width" /> <meta name="HandheldFriendly" content="true" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" /> <link rel="icon" href="/themes/custom/partner/favicon.ico" type="image/vnd.microsoft.icon" /> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="en" href="http://learning.aljazeera.net/en/languageofmedia/%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%81-%D8%AA%D8%B7%D9%88%D8%B1-%D9%85%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A1%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%82%D8%A9" /> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="fr" href="http://learning.aljazeera.net/fr/languageofmedia/%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%81-%D8%AA%D8%B7%D9%88%D8%B1-%D9%85%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A1%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%82%D8%A9" /> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="tr" href="http://learning.aljazeera.net/tr/languageofmedia/%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%81-%D8%AA%D8%B7%D9%88%D8%B1-%D9%85%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A1%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%82%D8%A9" /> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="ar" href="http://learning.aljazeera.net/ar/node/21633" /> <title>賰賷賮 鬲胤賵賾乇 賲賴丕乇丕鬲 丕賱賯乇丕亍丞 丕賱毓賲賷賯丞責 | 鬲毓賱賲 丕賱毓乇亘賷丞</title> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/sites/default/files/css/css_kOFx7RuDhn10qGc2ueK9FRUpABq6yYurnmChxjHHJzs.css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/bootstrap@3.4.1/dist/css/bootstrap.min.css" integrity="sha256-bZLfwXAP04zRMK2BjiO8iu9pf4FbLqX6zitd+tIvLhE=" crossorigin="anonymous" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/@unicorn-fail/drupal-bootstrap-styles@0.0.2/dist/3.4.0/8.x-3.x/drupal-bootstrap.min.css" integrity="sha512-tGFFYdzcicBwsd5EPO92iUIytu9UkQR3tLMbORL9sfi/WswiHkA1O3ri9yHW+5dXk18Rd+pluMeDBrPKSwNCvw==" crossorigin="anonymous" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/sites/default/files/css/css_cgFA2mVr9I1J6vGMZgriBKCTZNbpwUNdxoikADmkSvw.css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="print" href="/sites/default/files/css/css_8W7VUSN0FhzlnAOnK3D4YqlV4_VrfL-tpU_zgGC-Zj4.css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/sites/default/files/css/css_AzH3hHi4KCyNunXDHJY735HlWN8BePJy1fdkx1ylaW4.css" /> <!-- Cookies Consent Notice start --> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://cdn.cookielaw.org/consent/5895026c-30ac-4a37-bb0a-ae76498acef1/OtAutoBlock.js" ></script> <script src="https://cdn.cookielaw.org/scripttemplates/otSDKStub.js" data-document-language="true" type="text/javascript" charset="UTF-8" data-domain-script="5895026c-30ac-4a37-bb0a-ae76498acef1" ></script> <script type="text/javascript"> function OptanonWrapper() { } </script> <!-- Cookies Consent Notice end --> <meta name="facebook-domain-verification" content="tdv8qluee61hvxrwk65fk9nps0ynxz" /> <!-- Facebook Pixel Code --> <script> !function(f,b,e,v,n,t,s) {if(f.fbq)return;n=f.fbq=function(){n.callMethod? n.callMethod.apply(n,arguments):n.queue.push(arguments)}; if(!f._fbq)f._fbq=n;n.push=n;n.loaded=!0;n.version='2.0'; n.queue=[];t=b.createElement(e);t.async=!0; t.src=v;s=b.getElementsByTagName(e)[0]; s.parentNode.insertBefore(t,s)}(window,document,'script', 'https://connect.facebook.net/en_US/fbevents.js'); fbq('init', '144792808590717'); fbq('track', 'PageView'); </script> <noscript> <img height="1" width="1" src="https://www.facebook.com/tr?id=144792808590717&ev=PageView&noscript=1"/> </noscript> <!-- End Facebook Pixel Code --> </head> <body class="not-logged-in path-node page-node-type-article context-node-21633 has-glyphicons"> <a href="#main-content" class="visually-hidden focusable skip-link"> 鬲噩丕賵夭 廿賱賶 丕賱賲丨鬲賵賶 丕賱乇卅賷爻賷 </a> <div class="dialog-off-canvas-main-canvas" data-off-canvas-main-canvas> <header class="navbar navbar-default container-fluid" id="navbar" role="banner"> <div class="container"> <div class="navbar-header"> <div class="region region-navigation"> <a class="name navbar-brand" href="/ar" title="丕賱乇卅賷爻賷丞" rel="home">鬲毓賱賲 丕賱毓乇亘賷丞 <span>Learning Arabic</span></a> </div> <button type="button" class="navbar-toggle" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#navbar-collapse"> <span class="sr-only">Toggle navigation</span> <span class="icon-bar"></span> <span class="icon-bar"></span> <span class="icon-bar"></span> </button> </div> <div id="navbar-collapse" class="navbar-collapse collapse"> <div class="region region-navigation-collapsible"> <section id="block-dropdownlanguage" class="block block-dropdown-language block-dropdown-languagelanguage-interface clearfix"> <div class="dropdown-language-item btn-group dropdown"> <button class="language-link active-language button js-form-submit form-submit btn-default btn" hreflang="ar" formnovalidate="formnovalidate" data-dropdown-target="#dropdown-item-c-vfcwylol8" type="submit" name="op" value="丕賱毓乇亘賷丞">丕賱毓乇亘賷丞</button><button class="btn-default btn dropdown-toggle" type="button" data-toggle="dropdown" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false"><span class="caret"></span><span class="sr-only">Toggle Dropdown</span></button> <ul class="dropdown-menu" role="menu"><li hreflang="ar" role="menuitem"><span class="language-link active-language hidden" formnovalidate="formnovalidate" id="dropdown-item-c-vfcwylol8">丕賱毓乇亘賷丞</span></li><li hreflang="en" role="menuitem"><a href="/en/languageofmedia/%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%81-%D8%AA%D8%B7%D9%88%D8%B1-%D9%85%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A1%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%82%D8%A9" class="language-link" hreflang="en" formnovalidate="formnovalidate" id="ajax-link-xucruv0upz0">English</a></li><li hreflang="fr" role="menuitem"><a href="/fr/languageofmedia/%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%81-%D8%AA%D8%B7%D9%88%D8%B1-%D9%85%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A1%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%82%D8%A9" class="language-link" hreflang="fr" formnovalidate="formnovalidate" id="ajax-link-evmh08h8-wm">Fran莽ais</a></li><li hreflang="tr" role="menuitem"><a href="/tr/languageofmedia/%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%81-%D8%AA%D8%B7%D9%88%D8%B1-%D9%85%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A1%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%82%D8%A9" class="language-link" hreflang="tr" formnovalidate="formnovalidate" id="ajax-link-xav3zdrp3xe">T眉rk莽e</a></li></ul> </div> </section> <nav role="navigation" aria-labelledby="block-toplinks-menu" id="block-toplinks"> <h2 class="visually-hidden" id="block-toplinks-menu">Top Links</h2> <ul class="menu menu--top-links nav"> <li class="first"> <a href="/ar/grammar" data-drupal-link-system-path="grammar">賯賵丕毓丿</a> </li> <li> <a href="/ar/blogs" data-drupal-link-system-path="blogs">賲丿賵賳丕鬲</a> </li> <li> <a href="/ar/asktheteacher" data-drupal-link-system-path="asktheteacher">兀爻卅賱丞</a> </li> <li> <a href="/ar/pages/%D8%A7%D8%AE%D8%AA%D8%A8%D8%B1-%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%83-level-test" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/21757">丕禺鬲亘丕乇丕鬲</a> </li> <li class="last"> <a href="/ar/courses" data-drupal-link-system-path="courses">丿賵乇丕鬲</a> </li> </ul> </nav> <section id="block-searchiconen" class="block block-block-content block-block-content8f82008f-4309-4349-9777-efcc83417bd5 clearfix"> <div class="field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field--item"><div class="block-search" role="search"> <button type="submit" value="Search" class="button js-form-submit form-submit btn-primary btn icon-only" name=""><span class="icon glyphicon glyphicon-search" aria-hidden="true"></span></button> <div class="search-popup-wrapper"> <form action="/ar/search" method="get" id="search-block-form" accept-charset="UTF-8" data-drupal-form-fields=""> <input class="form-control" required="true" maxlength="64" name="keys" placeholder="亘丨孬.." size="60" type="search" /></form> </div> </div></div> </section> <nav role="navigation" aria-labelledby="block-partner-main-menu-menu" id="block-partner-main-menu"> <h2 class="sr-only" id="block-partner-main-menu-menu">Main navigation</h2> <ul class="menu menu--main nav navbar-nav"> <li class="first"> <span class="navbar-text">丿乇賵爻</span> </li> <li class="expanded dropdown"> <a href="" class="dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown">丕賱賲亘鬲丿卅 <span class="caret"></span></a> <ul class="dropdown-menu"> <li class="first"> <a href="/ar/lessons/level/introductory" data-drupal-link-system-path="lessons/level/introductory"> 丕賱鬲賲賴賷丿賷</a> </li> <li> <a href="/ar/lessons/level/beginner" data-drupal-link-system-path="lessons/level/beginner">丕賱賲亘鬲丿卅 丕賱兀丿賳賶</a> </li> <li class="last"> <a href="/ar/lessons/level/elementary" data-drupal-link-system-path="lessons/level/elementary"> 丕賱賲亘鬲丿卅 丕賱兀毓賱賶</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="expanded dropdown"> <a href="" class="dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown">丕賱賲鬲賵爻胤 <span class="caret"></span></a> <ul class="dropdown-menu"> <li class="first"> <a href="/ar/lessons/level/intermediate" data-drupal-link-system-path="lessons/level/intermediate"> 丕賱賲鬲賵爻胤 丕賱兀丿賳賶</a> </li> <li class="last"> <a href="/ar/lessons/level/upper%20intermediate" data-drupal-link-system-path="lessons/level/upper intermediate">丕賱賲鬲賵爻胤 丕賱兀毓賱賶</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="expanded dropdown last"> <a href="" class="dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown">丕賱賲鬲賯丿賲 <span class="caret"></span></a> <ul class="dropdown-menu"> <li class="first"> <a href="/ar/lessons/level/advanced" data-drupal-link-system-path="lessons/level/advanced">丕賱賲鬲賯丿賲 丕賱兀丿賳賶</a> </li> <li class="last"> <a href="/ar/lessons/level/proficiency" data-drupal-link-system-path="lessons/level/proficiency">丕賱賲鬲賯丿賲 丕賱兀毓賱賶</a> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </nav> </div> <div class="ajmi-logo"> <a href="https://institute.aljazeera.net/ar" class="header_logo" target="_blank"> <img src="/themes/custom/partner/logo.svg"> </a> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div role="main" class="main-container container js-quickedit-main-content"> <div class="row"> <section class="col-sm-9"> <div class="" role="heading"> <div class="region region-header"> <div data-drupal-messages-fallback class="hidden"></div> <h1 class="page-header"> <span>賰賷賮 鬲胤賵賾乇 賲賴丕乇丕鬲 丕賱賯乇丕亍丞 丕賱毓賲賷賯丞責</span> </h1> </div> </div> <a id="main-content"></a> <div class="region region-content"> <article role="article" class="article full clearfix" id="article-blog"> <div class="content"> <div class="article-full-imageview"> <div class="field field--name-field-image field--type-image field--label-hidden field--item"> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/articles/2024-03/86eb9e383163162bc9c296d5167ebd5f_5.jpg" width="863" height="485" alt="" class="img-responsive" /> </div> <div class="category-sticky small blue"> 賱睾丞 丕賱廿毓賱丕賲 | 丕賱賲鬲賯丿賲 丕賱兀丿賳賶 </div> </div> <div class="services-icons"> <ul class="list-inline"> <li class="pull-left"><a href="javascript:;"><i class="fa fa-search-plus"></i></a></li> <li class="pull-left"><a href="javascript:;"><i class="fa fa-search-minus"></i></a></li> <li class="pull-left"><a href="javascript:window.print();"><i class="fa fa-print"></i></a></li> <li class="pull-left"><a href="https://www.aljazeera.net/news/cultureandart/2020/1/22/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B9-%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%A8%D8%AF%D9%84%D8%A7-%D9%85%D9%86-%D8%AA%D8%B5%D9%81%D8%AD-%D9%85%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%82%D8%B9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B5%D9%84-%D9%84%D9%87%D8%B0%D8%A7-%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%83-%D8%A3%D9%86-%D8%AA%D8%AA%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%87%D9%84-%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%81%D9%83-%D9%88%D8%AA%D8%A8%D8%AF%D8%A3-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A1%D8%A9" target="_blank"><i class="fa fa-link"></i></a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="original-body body-text field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field--item"><p dir="RTL">賱丕 賷毓丕賳賷 丕賱賯乇賾丕亍 丕賱匕賷賳 賵賱丿賵丕 賮賷 丕賱毓氐乇 丕賱乇賯賲賷 賲賳 氐毓賵亘丞 賯乇丕亍丞 賳氐 胤賵賷賱 賮丨爻亘貙 亘賱 廿賳 賰孬賷乇丕 賲賳賴賲 賮賯丿賵丕 賲賴丕乇丞 "丕賱賯乇丕亍丞 丕賱賲鬲毓賲賯丞". 賵賯丿 鬲丨賵賱 丕賱賯賱賯 亘卮兀賳 賯丿乇丞 兀亘賳丕亍 丕賱毓氐乇 丕賱乇賯賲賷 賵丕賱卮亘丕亘 毓賱賶 賯乇丕亍丞 兀賷賾 卮賷亍 兀胤賵賱 賲賳 丨噩賲 丕賱卮丕卮丞 廿賱賶 賲丕 賷卮亘賴 丕賱匕毓乇貙 賵賴賳丕賰 丕賱賰孬賷乇 賲賳 丕賱兀丿賱丞 丕賱鬲賷 鬲丿毓賵聽廿賱賶 丕賱鬲毓丕賲賱聽亘噩丿賾賷丞聽賲毓 賴匕丕 丕賱賯賱賯.</p> <p align="center" dir="RTL">(1)</p> <p dir="RTL"><strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;">鬲丨賵賱丕鬲 丕賱賯乇丕亍丞</span></strong></p> <p dir="RTL">鬲毓賲賱 丕賱鬲賰賳賵賱賵噩賷丕 毓賱賶 鬲睾賷賷乇 丕賱胤乇賯 丕賱鬲賷 賳賯乇兀 亘賴丕貙 亘賲丕 賮賷 匕賱賰 毓丕丿丞 鬲賯賱賷亘 丕賱氐賮丨丕鬲貙 賵賯亘賱聽賮鬲乇丞 胤賵賷賱丞 賲賳 丕禺鬲乇丕毓 睾賵鬲賳亘乇睾 賱賱賲胤亘毓丞 賮賷 丕賱賯乇賳 丕賱賭15賲貙 賰丕賳 丕賱丨氐賵賱 毓賱賶 丕賱賲毓賱賵賲丕鬲 賲賳 丕賱賲氐丕丿乇 丕賱賲賰鬲賵亘丞 賲孬賱 丕賱賲禺胤賵胤丕鬲 賵丕賱爻噩賱丕鬲 賵丕賱賰鬲亘 丕賱賯丿賷賲丞 賷毓鬲亘賻乇 乇賮丕賴賷丞賸 賱丕 鬲鬲丕丨 賱毓賲賵賲 丕賱賳丕爻.聽</p> <p dir="RTL">賵賯亘賱 丕賱胤亘丕毓丞 丕賱丨丿賷孬丞 賰丕賳鬲 丕賱賰鬲亘 鬲賳爻禺 賷丿賵賷賸賾丕 亘胤乇賷賯丞 賲購囟賿賳賷丞貙 賵賰丕賳 賰孬賷乇 賲賳賴丕 賷囟賷毓 亘爻亘亘 丕賱廿賴賲丕賱 兀賵 丕賱丨乇賵亘 賵丕賱賰賵丕乇孬 丕賱胤亘賷毓賷丞貙 賱賰賳聽丕禺鬲乇丕毓 丕賱賲胤亘毓丞聽兀丨丿孬 孬賵乇丞聽賮賷 氐賳丕毓丞 丕賱賰鬲亘貙 賵鬲睾賷乇鬲 -鬲亘毓賸丕 賱匕賱賰- 毓丕丿丕鬲 丕賱賯乇丕亍丞.</p> <p dir="RTL">丕賱賷賵賲 賮賷 丕賱賯乇賳 丕賱賭21 賳卮賴丿 孬賵乇丞 兀禺乇賶 賲賳 賴匕丕 丕賱賯亘賷賱 亘賮囟賱 丕賱鬲賰賳賵賱賵噩賷丕 丕賱乇賯賲賷丞. 賵賲孬賱賲丕 賮毓賱鬲 丕賱賲胤亘毓丞 賮廿賳 丕賱鬲賰賳賵賱賵噩賷丕 丕賱丨丿賷孬丞 -賲孬賱 丕賱廿賳鬲乇賳鬲 賵丕賱兀噩賴夭丞 丕賱賱賵丨賷丞 賵丕賱賴賵丕鬲賮 丕賱匕賰賷丞 賵兀噩賴夭丞 丕賱賯乇丕亍丞 丕賱廿賱賰鬲乇賵賳賷丞- 鬲毓賷丿 鬲卮賰賷賱 毓丕丿丕鬲 丕賱賯乇丕亍丞 賵丕賱鬲毓賱賲 賲乇丞 兀禺乇賶.</p> <p dir="RTL">聽</p> <p align="center" dir="RTL">(2)</p> <p dir="RTL"><strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;">兀乇賯丕賲 氐丕丿賲丞</span></strong></p> <p dir="RTL">賮賷 毓丕賲 2016 賯丕賱鬲 丕賱賲丐爻爻丞 丕賱賵胤賳賷丞 賱賱賮賳賵賳 賮賷 兀賲賷乇賰丕 廿賳 賳爻亘丞 丕賱亘丕賱睾賷賳 丕賱兀賲賷乇賰賷賷賳 丕賱匕賷賳 賷賯乇丐賵賳 乇賵丕賷丞 賵丕丨丿丞 毓賱賶 丕賱兀賯賱 賮賷 丕賱毓丕賲 丕賳禺賮囟 賲賳 56.9% 毓丕賲 1982 廿賱賶 43.1% 毓丕賲 2015貙 丨爻亘聽賲賯丕賱 賱賱兀賰丕丿賷賲賷丞 亘噩丕賲毓丞 賰賵賷賳夭賱丕賳丿 丕賱兀爻鬲乇丕賱賷丞聽噩賵丿賷孬 爻賷亘賵賷乇.</p> <p dir="RTL">賵鬲賳賯賱 噩賵丿賷孬 賮賷 賲賯丕賱賴丕 丕賱賲賳卮賵乇 亘賲賵賯毓 賰賵賳賮賷乇夭賷卮賳 丕賱兀爻鬲乇丕賱賷 廿丨氐丕亍賸 兀賲賷乇賰賷丕 賷毓賵丿 廿賱賶 毓丕賲 2018貙 賵賷賮賷丿 亘兀賳賴 賮賷 毓丕賲 1980聽賰丕賳 60% 賲賳 胤賱丕亘 丕賱賲丿丕乇爻 丕賱匕賷賳 鬲亘賱睾 兀毓賲丕乇賴賲 18 毓丕賲賸丕 賷賯乇丐賵賳 賰鬲丕亘賸丕 兀賵 氐丨賷賮丞 兀賵 賲噩賱丞 賰賱 賷賵賲 睾賷乇 丿乇丕爻賷貙 賵亘丨賱賵賱 毓丕賲 2016 丕賳禺賮囟 丕賱毓丿丿 廿賱賶 16%.</p> <p dir="RTL">賵兀賮丕丿 胤賱丕亘 丕賱氐賮 丕賱賭12 -丕賱匕賷賳 兀噩乇賷 毓賱賷賴賲 丕賱丕爻鬲胤賱丕毓- 亘兀賳賴賲 賷賯囟賵賳 爻鬲 爻丕毓丕鬲 賷賵賲賷賾賸丕 賮賷 丕賱乇爻丕卅賱 丕賱賳氐賾賷丞貙 賵賲鬲丕亘毓丞 賵爻丕卅賱 丕賱鬲賵丕氐賱 丕賱丕噩鬲賲丕毓賷貙 賵丕賱廿賳鬲乇賳鬲.</p> <p dir="RTL">賵鬲乇賶 禺亘賷乇丞 賲丨賵 丕賱兀賲賷丞 丕賱兀賲賷乇賰賷丞 賵毓丕賱賲丞 丕賱兀毓氐丕亘 賲丕乇賷丕賳 賵賵賱賮 兀賳 鬲賴丿賷丿 丕賱卮丕卮丕鬲聽賱賯丿乇丕鬲賳丕 賮賷 丕賱賯乇丕亍丞 賷囟乇賾 丕賱毓賲賱賷丕鬲 丕賱廿丿乇丕賰賷丞 丕賱賲鬲兀賳賾賷丞 賲孬賱 丕賱鬲賮賰賷乇 丕賱賳賯丿賷貙 賵丕賱鬲賮賰賷乇 丕賱賲爻鬲賯賱貙 賵丕賱禺賷丕賱貙 賵丕賱鬲毓丕胤賮貙 賵賴賷 毓賲賱賷丕鬲 鬲卮賰賱 噩夭亍賸丕 賲賴賲賾賸丕 賲賳 毓賲賱賷丞 丕賱賯乇丕亍丞 丕賱毓賲賷賯丞.</p> <p align="center" dir="RTL">(3)</p> <p dir="RTL"><strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;">賲爻丕乇丕鬲 丕賱胤賮賵賱丞</span></strong></p> <p dir="RTL">賵鬲毓丿 丕賱賯乇丕亍丞 賲賴丕乇丞 賲賰鬲爻亘丞 鬲鬲胤賱亘 鬲胤賵賷乇 卮亘賰丕鬲 毓氐亘賷丞 賲毓賷賳丞貙 賵賷卮噩賾毓 丕禺鬲賱丕賮 賲賳氐賾丕鬲 丕賱賯乇丕亍丞 賵鬲毓丿賾丿賴丕 毓賱賶 鬲胤賵賷乇 鬲賱賰 丕賱卮亘賰丕鬲.</p> <p dir="RTL">賵賮賷 丕賱賲賯丕亘賱貙 賷賳睾賲爻 丕賱兀胤賮丕賱 丕賱匕賷賳 賷賯乇丐賵賳 賲賳 丕賱卮丕卮丕鬲 賮賷 賲鬲毓丞 賲乇鬲亘胤丞 亘丕賱賳賯乇 賵丕賱廿卮亘丕毓 丕賱賮賵乇賷 賱乇睾亘丞 丕賱鬲氐賮丨 丕賱賲爻鬲賲乇貙 賵賷賰鬲爻亘賵賳 賲賴丕乇丕鬲 匕賴賳賷丞 賲亘賰乇丞 賮賷 丕賱鬲氐賮丨 賵丕賱亘丨孬 毓賳 丕賱賲毓賱賵賲丕鬲 賵鬲丨賱賷賱 丕賱亘賷丕賳丕鬲.</p> <p dir="RTL">賱賰賳 賵賵賱賮 鬲毓鬲亘乇 兀賳 賴匕丕 丕賱賳賵毓 賲賳 丕賱鬲氐賮丨 丕賱爻乇賷毓 賷賲賰賳 兀賳 賷丨丿賾 賲賳 鬲胤賵賾乇 毓賲賱賷丕鬲 丕賱賮賴賲 賵丕賱廿丿乇丕賰 丕賱鬲賷 鬲爻賴賲 賮賷 鬲賰賵賷賳 賲賻賱賻賰丕鬲 丕賱賯乇丕亍丞 賵丕賱鬲賮賰賷乇 丕賱毓賲賷賯.</p> <p dir="RTL">賵鬲囟賷賮 兀賳賴 廿匕丕 賱賲 鬲購胤賻賵賾賻乇 丕賱賲賴丕乇丕鬲 丕賱賲毓乇賮賷丞 丕賱賱丕夭賲丞 賱賱賯乇丕亍丞 丕賱毓賲賷賯丞貙 賮廿賳聽丕賱兀噩賷丕賱聽丕賱噩丿賷丿丞 丕賱匕賷賳 賷鬲卮鬲鬲 丕賳鬲亘丕賴賴賲 亘爻亘亘 爻賴賵賱丞 丕賱賵氐賵賱 廿賱賶 丕賱賲毓賱賵賲丕鬲 丕賱乇賯賲賷丞貙 乇亘賾賲丕 賱丕 鬲鬲毓賱賲聽兀亘毓丿 賲賳聽丕賱賯乇丕亍丞 丕賱廿賱賰鬲乇賵賳賷丞 丕賱爻乇賷毓丞. 賵鬲賳氐丨 賵賵賱賮 亘鬲毓賱賲 丕賱賯乇丕亍丞 毓亘乇 丕賱賰鬲丕亘丕鬲 丕賱賵乇賯賷丞貙 賱賰賳賴丕 賱丕 鬲賵氐賷 亘賲賳毓 丕爻鬲禺丿丕賲 丕賱兀胤賮丕賱 丕賱兀噩賴夭丞貨 丨賷孬 鬲賯賵賱 "賷噩亘 毓賱賷賳丕 廿賷賯丕賮 鬲卮睾賷賱賴丕 亘卮賰賱 賲賳鬲馗賲貙 賵鬲賵賮賷乇 丕賱賵賯鬲 賱賯乇丕亍丞 丕賱賰鬲亘 丕賱賵乇賯賷丞 賲毓 丕賱兀胤賮丕賱".</p> <p align="center" dir="RTL">(4)</p> <p dir="RTL">聽</p> <p dir="RTL"><strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;">廿賷賯丕賮 丕賱兀噩賴夭丞</span></strong></p> <p dir="RTL">賵兀爻賴賲鬲 丕賱賰丕鬲亘丞 賮賷 賲卮乇賵毓 賱賲爻丕毓丿丞 胤賱丕亘 丕賱鬲毓賱賷賲 丕賱毓丕賱賷 毓賱賶 鬲胤賵賷乇 賲賴丕乇丞 丕賱賯乇丕亍丞貙 囟賲賳 賲卮乇賵毓 丨賰賵賲賷 賮賷 丕賱噩丕賲毓丕鬲 丕賱兀賲賷乇賰賷丞 亘賷賳 毓丕賲賷 2011 賵2013 賱鬲毓夭賷夭 賲丕 兀胤賱賯 毓賱賷賴 "賲乇賵賳丞 丕賱賯乇丕亍丞".</p> <p dir="RTL">賵鬲爻毓賶 丕賱賮賰乇丞 賱鬲丨賮賷夭 丕賱胤賱丕亘 毓賱賶 噩毓賱 丕賱賯乇丕亍丞 兀賵賱賵賷丞 鬲卮亘賴 丕賱丕爻鬲毓丿丕丿 賱賱丕賲鬲丨丕賳 兀賵 賰鬲丕亘丞 賲賯丕賱貙 賲賲丕 賷噩毓賱賴賲 賷爻鬲孬賲乇賵賳 丕賱賵賯鬲 賱賲夭賷丿 賲賳 丕賱賯乇丕亍丞 丕賱賲鬲毓賲賯丞.</p> <p dir="RTL">賵鬲毓賲賱 丕賱賲亘丕丿乇丞 賰匕賱賰 毓賱賶 鬲卮噩賷毓 丕賱胤賱丕亘 毓賱賶 丕賱鬲賮賰賷乇 丕賱賳丕賯丿 兀孬賳丕亍 丕賱賯乇丕亍丞貙 賵丕賱丕爻鬲賲乇丕乇 賮賷賴丕 丨鬲賶 毓賳丿賲丕 鬲亘丿賵聽丕賱賱睾丞 睾賷乇 賲賮賴賵賲丞 亘卮賰賱 噩賷丿貙 賵賰匕賱賰 毓賳丿賲丕 鬲氐丿乇 毓賳 賴賵丕鬲賮賴賲 廿卮毓丕乇丕鬲 乇爻丕卅賱 賵賲賰丕賱賲丕鬲 噩丿賷丿丞.</p> <p dir="RTL">賵鬲賯賵賱 丕賱賰丕鬲亘丞 "賱賯丿 噩乇亘賵丕 -亘亘爻丕胤丞- 廿賷賯丕賮 鬲卮睾賷賱 兀噩賴夭鬲賴賲 爻丕毓鬲賷賳 兀孬賳丕亍 丕賱賯賷丕賲 亘丕賱賯乇丕亍丞貙 賵亘丕賱賮毓賱 賳噩丨賵丕 賮賷 賲賵丕氐賱丞 丕賱賯乇丕亍丞"貙 賵鬲囟丕毓賮 毓丿丿 丕賱胤賱丕亘 丕賱匕賷賳 兀賰賲賱賵丕 噩賲賷毓 丕賱賳氐賵氐 丕賱賲毓乇賵囟丞 毓賱賷賴賲 毓亘乇 丕爻鬲禺丿丕賲 "丕賱賯乇丕亍丞 丕賱賲乇賳丞" 賵賲賳毓 丕爻鬲禺丿丕賲 丕賱賴賵丕鬲賮 丕賱匕賰賷丞.聽</p> <p dir="RTL">賵鬲賯賵賱 丕賱賰丕鬲亘丞 廿賳賴 "賷賲賰賳賳丕 兀賷囟賸丕 廿賷賯丕賮 鬲卮睾賷賱 兀噩賴夭鬲賳丕 賵鬲禺氐賷氐 賲爻丕丨丞 賵賵賯鬲 賱鬲賳卮賷胤 丕賱賲爻丕乇丕鬲 丕賱毓氐亘賷丞 丕賱鬲賷 噩毓賱鬲賳丕 爻丕亘賯賸丕 賯乇賾丕亍賸 卮睾賵賮賷賳". 賵鬲丐賰丿 兀賳 賲賴丕乇丕鬲 丕賱賯乇丕亍丞 丕賱毓賲賷賯丞 丕賱鬲賷 鬲賳胤賵賷 毓賱賶 毓賲賱賷丕鬲 廿丿乇丕賰賷丞 兀亘胤兀貙 鬲毓丿 囟乇賵乇賷丞 賱賱丨賷丕丞 丕賱鬲兀賲賱賷丞.<br /> 賵鬲乇賶 兀賳賴 賲賳 丕賱賲鬲賵賯毓 兀賳 賷賰賵賳 賲賳 賷賯乇丐賵賳 賯乇丕亍丞 毓賲賷賯丞 兀賰孬乇 鬲賮賰賷乇賸丕 賮賷 兀丨賵丕賱 丕賱賲噩鬲賲毓 賱廿氐賱丕丨賴.</p> </div> <div class="section-body-locale body-text"> </div> <iframe id="frame" class="quiz-iframe" src="/excercises/fbd7ec56-4213-4610-a151-528c2cdfb318/en/COURSE" frameborder="0" scrolling="yes" width="100%" height="1000" style="overflow-y: hidden;"></iframe> </div> </article> </div> </section> <aside class="col-sm-3" role="complementary"> <div class="region region-sidebar-second"> <section class="views-element-container bg-gray block block-views block-views-blockfeatured-articles-block-1 clearfix" id="block-views-block-featured-articles-block-1"> <h2 class="block-title">賲賵丕丿 兀禺乇賶<span>More Articles</span></h2> <div class="form-group"><div class="col-md-12 view view-featured-articles view-id-featured_articles view-display-id-block_1 js-view-dom-id-508de3ade8d3f67b2c33f9566c1755f8b37fd3d9eed288e6c9551427ec8406c8"> <div class="view-content"> <div class="pt-3 pb-3"><a href="/ar/node/21704" hreflang="ar">賰賷賮 鬲睾賷乇 丕賱丿乇丕爻丞 毓亘乇 丕賱廿賳鬲乇賳鬲 賲爻鬲賯亘賱 丕賱鬲毓賱賷賲責</a></div> <div class="pt-3 pb-3"><a href="/ar/node/19482" hreflang="ar">噩丕賲賽毓賻丞購 爻賻賱賿噩購賵賯 鬲賻丿賻乇賾賽爻購 賲賻賵賯毓 丕賱噩夭賷乇丞 賱鬲毓賱賲 丕賱毓乇亘賷丞</a></div> </div> </div> </div> </section> </div> </aside> </div> </div> <footer class="footer" role="contentinfo"> <div class="region region-footer"> <section id="block-ourchannelsen" class="block block-block-content block-block-content3feac360-7cd5-46b8-8a8c-61be6e394907 clearfix"> <div class="field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field--item"><div class="footer-two"> <div class="container"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-9 col-sm-12"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-3 col-sm-6 col-xs-12"> <h4>賲賳 賳丨賳</h4> <ul class="nav flex-column"><li><a target="_blank" href="/ar/pages/about-us">賲賳 賳丨賳</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" href="https://terms.aljazeera.net/index-ar.html">丕賱兀丨賰丕賲 賵丕賱卮乇賵胤</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" href="https://privacy.aljazeera.net/ar/">爻賷丕爻丞 丕賱禺氐賵氐賷丞</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" href="https://privacy.aljazeera.net/ar/cookie">爻賷丕爻丞 賲賱賮丕鬲 鬲毓乇賷賮 丕賱丕乇鬲亘丕胤</a></li> </ul></div> <div class="col-md-3 col-sm-6 col-xs-12"> <h4>鬲賵丕氐賱 賲毓賳丕</h4> <ul class="nav flex-column"><li><a target="_blank" href="/ar/contact">鬲賵丕氐賱 賲毓賳丕</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" href="https://commercial.aljazeera.net">兀毓賱賳 賲毓賳丕</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" href="https://careers.aljazeera.net/ar">賵馗丕卅賮 卮丕睾乇丞</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" href="https://sat.aljazeera.net/ar">鬲乇丿丿丕鬲 丕賱亘孬</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" href="https://network.aljazeera.net/ar/press-releases">亘賷丕賳丕鬲 氐丨賮賷丞</a></li> </ul></div> <div class="col-md-3 col-sm-6 col-xs-12"> <h4>卮亘賰鬲賳丕</h4> <ul class="nav flex-column"><li><a target="_blank" href="https://studies.aljazeera.net/">賲乇賰夭 丕賱噩夭賷乇丞 賱賱丿乇丕爻丕鬲</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" href="https://institute.aljazeera.net/">賲毓賴丿 丕賱噩夭賷乇丞 賱賱廿毓賱丕賲</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" href="https://liberties.aljazeera.com">賲乇賰夭 丕賱噩夭賷乇丞 賱賱丨乇賷丕鬲 丕賱毓丕賲丞 賵丨賯賵賯 丕賱廿賳爻丕賳</a></li> </ul></div> <div class="col-md-3 col-sm-6 col-xs-12"> <h4>賯賳賵丕鬲賳丕</h4> <ul class="nav flex-column"><li><a target="_blank" href="https://www.aljazeera.net">丕賱噩夭賷乇丞 丕賱廿禺亘丕乇賷丞</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" href="https://www.aljazeera.com/">丕賱噩夭賷乇丞 丕賱廿賳噩賱賷夭賷丞</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" href="https://www.aljazeeramubasher.net">丕賱噩夭賷乇丞 賲亘丕卮乇</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" href="https://doc.aljazeera.net">丕賱噩夭賷乇丞 丕賱賵孬丕卅賯賷丞</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" href="https://balkans.aljazeera.net">丕賱噩夭賷乇丞 丕賱亘賱賯丕賳</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" href="https://global.ajplus.net/arabi">毓乇亘賷 AJ+</a></li> </ul></div> </div> </div> <div class="col-md-3 col-sm-12 col-xs-12"> <ul class="social-nav nav navbar-nav"><li><a target="_blank" href="https://www.facebook.com/AljazeeraLearningArabic"><i class="fa fa-facebook-f">聽</i></a></li> <li><a target="_blank" href="https://www.instagram.com/aljazeeralearningarabic"><i class="fa fa-instagram">聽</i></a></li> <li><a target="_blank" href="mailto:arabic@aljazeera.net"><i class="fa fa-envelope-o">聽</i></a></li> </ul><div class="footer-logo">聽</div> <p style="font-size: 13px;">噩賲賷毓 丕賱丨賯賵賯 賲丨賮賵馗丞 漏 2024 卮亘賰丞 丕賱噩夭賷乇丞 丕賱丕毓賱丕賲賷丞</p> </div> </div> </div> </div></div> </section> </div> <!-- Return to Top --> <a href="javascript:" id="return-to-top"><i class="fa fa-chevron-up"></i></a> </footer> </div> <script type="application/json" data-drupal-selector="drupal-settings-json">{"path":{"baseUrl":"\/","scriptPath":null,"pathPrefix":"ar\/","currentPath":"node\/21633","currentPathIsAdmin":false,"isFront":false,"currentLanguage":"ar"},"pluralDelimiter":"\u0003","suppressDeprecationErrors":true,"google_analytics":{"account":"G-KCGD7J0808","trackOutbound":true,"trackMailto":true,"trackTel":true,"trackDownload":true,"trackDownloadExtensions":"7z|aac|arc|arj|asf|asx|avi|bin|csv|doc(x|m)?|dot(x|m)?|exe|flv|gif|gz|gzip|hqx|jar|jpe?g|js|mp(2|3|4|e?g)|mov(ie)?|msi|msp|pdf|phps|png|ppt(x|m)?|pot(x|m)?|pps(x|m)?|ppam|sld(x|m)?|thmx|qtm?|ra(m|r)?|sea|sit|tar|tgz|torrent|txt|wav|wma|wmv|wpd|xls(x|m|b)?|xlt(x|m)|xlam|xml|z|zip","trackUrlFragments":true},"bootstrap":{"forms_has_error_value_toggle":1},"user":{"uid":0,"permissionsHash":"65eff75af1fadc85295ecf952a7e506a716d4d4bef247aec9392e1c4ff19825b"}}</script> <script src="/sites/default/files/js/js_tNmBXcO3NhuQggmbPvrc0WZX9qCV86WHNgzfF9tsqP0.js"></script> <script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/bootstrap@3.4.1/dist/js/bootstrap.min.js" integrity="sha256-nuL8/2cJ5NDSSwnKD8VqreErSWHtnEP9E7AySL+1ev4=" crossorigin="anonymous"></script> <script src="/sites/default/files/js/js_Kc9Jsx7BOl7poQmHMZN0hxupHIZ6X0wOT86ZxuwZn7k.js"></script> </body> </html>