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gamma spectrometry</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: in-situ gamma spectrometry"> <meta name="keywords" content="in-situ gamma spectrometry"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button 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action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="in-situ gamma spectrometry"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 1018</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: in-situ gamma spectrometry</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1018</span> Radioactive Contamination by ¹³⁷Cs in Marine Sediments Taken up from Cuba's North and South Coast</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maris%C3%A9%20Garc%C3%ADa%20Batlle">Marisé García Batlle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Juan%20Manuel%20Navarrete%20Tejero"> Juan Manuel Navarrete Tejero</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In aquatic ecosystems, the main indicators of pollution are contaminated sediments, which are the primary repository of radionuclides and chemicals elements in the marine environment. Radioactive Contamination Factor (RCF) has been proposed as a suitable unit to measure the magnitude of radioactive contamination at global scale, caused mainly by more than 2,000 nuclear explosions tests performed during the 1945-65 period. It is obtained as percentage of contaminant radioactivity (¹³⁷Cs) compared to natural radioactivity (⁴⁰K), both expressed in Bq/g of marine sediments conditioned in Marinelli containers and detected in both NaI(Tl) and HPGe detectors. So, in this paper samples of marine sediments were taken up along the occidental Cuban coasts and analyzed by gamma spectrometry for the determination of gamma-emitting radioisotopes with energies between 60 and 2000 keV. The results proved that the proposed method is simple and suitable to evaluated radioactive contamination. Also, the RCF values provide an appropriate indicator to predict which pollution levels in the future will be and if the rate will go down as disintegrates the ¹³⁷Cs present when only 2,4 half-lives have passed away. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cuba" title="Cuba">Cuba</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gamma%20spectrometry" title=" gamma spectrometry"> gamma spectrometry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=marine%20sediments" title=" marine sediments"> marine sediments</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=radioactive%20pollution" title=" radioactive pollution"> radioactive pollution</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/81508/radioactive-contamination-by-137cs-in-marine-sediments-taken-up-from-cubas-north-and-south-coast" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/81508.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">212</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1017</span> Environmental Radioactivity Analysis by a Sequential Approach</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=G.%20Medkour%20Ishak-Boushaki">G. Medkour Ishak-Boushaki</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Taibi"> A. Taibi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Allab"> M. Allab</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Quantitative environmental radioactivity measurements are needed to determine the level of exposure of a population to ionizing radiations and for the assessment of the associated risks. Gamma spectrometry remains a very powerful tool for the analysis of radionuclides present in an environmental sample but the basic problem in such measurements is the low rate of detected events. Using large environmental samples could help to get around this difficulty but, unfortunately, new issues are raised by gamma rays attenuation and self-absorption. Recently, a new method has been suggested, to detect and identify without quantification, in a short time, a gamma ray of a low count source. This method does not require, as usually adopted in gamma spectrometry measurements, a pulse height spectrum acquisition. It is based on a chronological record of each detected photon by simultaneous measurements of its energy ε and its arrival time τ on the detector, the pair parameters [ε,τ] defining an event mode sequence (EMS). The EMS serials are analyzed sequentially by a Bayesian approach to detect the presence of a given radioactive source. The main object of the present work is to test the applicability of this sequential approach in radioactive environmental materials detection. Moreover, for an appropriate health oversight of the public and of the concerned workers, the analysis has been extended to get a reliable quantification of the radionuclides present in environmental samples. For illustration, we consider as an example, the problem of detection and quantification of 238U. Monte Carlo simulated experience is carried out consisting in the detection, by a Ge(Hp) semiconductor junction, of gamma rays of 63 keV emitted by 234Th (progeny of 238U). The generated EMS serials are analyzed by a Bayesian inference. The application of the sequential Bayesian approach, in environmental radioactivity analysis, offers the possibility of reducing the measurements time without requiring large environmental samples and consequently avoids the attached inconvenient. The work is still in progress. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bayesian%20approach" title="Bayesian approach">Bayesian approach</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=event%20mode%20sequence" title=" event mode sequence"> event mode sequence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gamma%20spectrometry" title=" gamma spectrometry"> gamma spectrometry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Monte%20Carlo%20method" title=" Monte Carlo method"> Monte Carlo method</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/34310/environmental-radioactivity-analysis-by-a-sequential-approach" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/34310.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">495</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1016</span> Determination of Natural Gamma Radioactivity in Sand along the Black Sea Coastal Region of Giresun, North Turkey</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Karadeniz">A. Karadeniz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Belgin%20Kucukomeroglu"> Belgin Kucukomeroglu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this study natural gamma radioactivity levels are determined on sands along the coastal regions of Giresun/Turkey. The coast of Giresun about 290 km long in investigated to collect 101 sand samples. Natural and artificial radioactivity concentrations of sand samples were measured by using HPGe gamma spectrometry. The average activity concentrations of 238U, 232Th, 40K and 137Cs on sand samples of Giresun were found to be 10.83±2.92 Bq/kg, 21.28±3.22 Bq/kg, 6.42±1.06 Bq/kg, 230.94±10.67 Bq/kg respectively. The average activity concentrations for these radionuclides were compared with the reported data of other parts of Turkey and other countries. The average absorbed dose rate for Giresun was calculated to be 38.68 nGy/h respectively. This value is significantly lower than the World averaged value of 60 nGy/h. The external annual effective dose rate concentration in Giresun was found to be 0.047 mSv/y respectively. This result is much lower than the recommeded limit of 5 mSv/y. The external hazard dose rate for Giresun weas calculated to be 0.21 respectively. This result is much lower than the recommended limit of 1.0. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=concentration" title="concentration">concentration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=radioactivity" title=" radioactivity"> radioactivity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Giresun" title=" Giresun"> Giresun</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=natural%20gamma%20radioactivity" title=" natural gamma radioactivity"> natural gamma radioactivity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/29636/determination-of-natural-gamma-radioactivity-in-sand-along-the-black-sea-coastal-region-of-giresun-north-turkey" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/29636.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">391</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1015</span> Impact of Weather Conditions on Generalized Frequency Division Multiplexing over Gamma Gamma Channel</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Sameer%20Ahmed">Muhammad Sameer Ahmed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Piotr%20Remlein"> Piotr Remlein</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tansal%20Gucluoglu"> Tansal Gucluoglu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The technique called as Generalized frequency division multiplexing (GFDM) used in the free space optical channel can be a good option for implementation free space optical communication systems. This technique has several strengths e.g. good spectral efficiency, low peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR), adaptability and low co-channel interference. In this paper, the impact of weather conditions such as haze, rain and fog on GFDM over the gamma-gamma channel model is discussed. A Trade off between link distance and system performance under intense weather conditions is also analysed. The symbol error probability (SEP) of GFDM over the gamma-gamma turbulence channel is derived and verified with the computer simulations. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=free%20space%20optics" title="free space optics">free space optics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=generalized%20frequency%20division%20multiplexing" title=" generalized frequency division multiplexing"> generalized frequency division multiplexing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=weather%20conditions" title=" weather conditions"> weather conditions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gamma%20gamma%20distribution" title=" gamma gamma distribution"> gamma gamma distribution</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/127215/impact-of-weather-conditions-on-generalized-frequency-division-multiplexing-over-gamma-gamma-channel" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/127215.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">174</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1014</span> The Influence of Phosphate Fertilizers on Radiological Situation of Cultivated Lands: ²¹⁰Po, ²²⁶Ra, ²³²Th, ⁴⁰K and ¹³⁷Cs Concentrations in Soil</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Grzegorz%20Szaci%C5%82owski">Grzegorz Szaciłowski</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Marta%20Konop"> Marta Konop</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ma%C5%82gorzata%20Dymecka"> Małgorzata Dymecka</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jakub%20O%C5%9Bko"> Jakub Ośko</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In 1996, the European Council Directive 96/29/EURATOM pointed phosphate fertilizers to have a potentially negative influence on the environment from the radiation protection point of view. Fertilizers along with irrigation and crop rotation were the milestones that allowed to increase agricultural productivity. Firstly based on natural materials such as compost, manure, fish processing waste, etc., and since the 19th century created synthetically, fertilizers caused a boom in crop yield and helped to propel global food production, especially after World War II. In this work the concentrations of ²¹⁰Po, ²²⁶Ra, ²³²Th, ⁴⁰K, and ¹³⁷Cs in selected fertilizers and soil samples were determined. The results were used to calculate the annual addition of natural radionuclides and increment of the external radiation exposure caused by the use of studied fertilizers. Soils intended for different types of crops were sampled in early spring when no vegetation had occurred yet. Analysed fertilizers were those with which the soil was previously fertilized. For gamma radionuclides, a high purity germanium detector GX3520 from Canberra was used. The polonium concentration was determined by radiochemical separation followed by measurement by means of alpha spectrometry. The spectrometer used in this study was equipped with 450 cm² PIPS detector from Canberra. Obtained results showed significant differences in radionuclide composition between phosphate and nitrogenous fertilizers (e.g. the radium equivalent activity for phosphate fertilizer was 207.7 Bq/kg in comparison to <5.6 Bq/kg for nitrogenous fertilizer). The calculated increase of external radiation exposure due to use of phosphate fertilizer ranged between 3.4 and 5.4 nG/h, which represents up to 10% of the polish average outdoor exposure due to terrestrial gamma radiation (45 nGy/h). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=%C2%B2%C2%B9%E2%81%B0Po" title="²¹⁰Po">²¹⁰Po</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=alpha%20spectrometry" title=" alpha spectrometry"> alpha spectrometry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=exposure" title=" exposure"> exposure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gamma%20spectrometry" title=" gamma spectrometry"> gamma spectrometry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=phosphate%20fertilizer" title=" phosphate fertilizer"> phosphate fertilizer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soil" title=" soil"> soil</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/143407/the-influence-of-phosphate-fertilizers-on-radiological-situation-of-cultivated-lands-21po-226ra-232th-4k-and-137cs-concentrations-in-soil" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/143407.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">300</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1013</span> Measurement of Radionuclide Concentrations and Study on Transfer from Soil to Plant in Sfax-Tunisia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sonia%20Machraoui">Sonia Machraoui</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Salam%20Labidi"> Salam Labidi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Karunakara%20Naregundi"> Karunakara Naregundi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Environmental radiation measurements are useful to identify areas of potential natural radiation hazard particularly in areas of phosphate industries where enhanced radiation levels are expected to be present. Measurements of primordial radionuclides concentrations have been carried out in samples collected from Sfax City around the SIAPE phosphate industry of Tunis. The samples analysed include fish, beef meat, egg, and vegetables as well as in soil and grass. Measurements were performed by gamma spectrometry method using a 42% relative efficiency N-type HPGe detector. The activity concentrations of radionuclides were measured by gamma ray spectrometry. As expected, the concentrations of radionuclides belonging to uranium and thorium series were low in food materials. In all the samples analysed, the 137Cs concentration was below detection level, except meat samples which showed the activity concentration of 2.4 Bq kg-1 (dry wt.) The soil to grass transfer factor was found to be similar to those reported in literature. The effective dose to the population due to intake of food products were also estimated and are presented in this paper. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=effective%20doses" title="effective doses">effective doses</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=phosphate%20industry" title=" phosphate industry"> phosphate industry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transfer%20coefficients" title=" transfer coefficients"> transfer coefficients</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tunisia" title=" Tunisia"> Tunisia</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/60366/measurement-of-radionuclide-concentrations-and-study-on-transfer-from-soil-to-plant-in-sfax-tunisia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/60366.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">219</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1012</span> Gamma Irradiation Effects on the Magnetic Properties of Hard Ferrites</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=F.%20Abbas%20Pour%20Khotbehsara">F. Abbas Pour Khotbehsara</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=B.%20Salehpour"> B. Salehpour</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Kianvash"> A. Kianvash</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Many industrial materials like magnets need to be tested for the radiation environment expected at linear colliders (LC) where the accelerator and detectors will be subjected to large influences of beta, neutron and gamma’s over their life Gamma irradiation of the permanent sample magnets using a 60Co source was investigated up to an absorbed dose of 700Mrad shows a negligible effect on some magnetic properties of Nd-Fe-B. In this work, it has been tried to investigate the change of some important properties of Barium hexa ferrite. Results showed little decreases of magnetic properties at doses rang of 0.5 to 2.5 Mrad. But at the gamma irradiation dose up to 10 Mrad it is showed a few increase of properties. Also study of gamma irradiation of Nd-Fe-B showed considerably increase of magnetic properties. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gamma%20ray%20irradiation" title="gamma ray irradiation">gamma ray irradiation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hard%20ferrite" title=" hard ferrite"> hard ferrite</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=magnetic%20coefficient" title=" magnetic coefficient"> magnetic coefficient</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=magnetic%20material" title=" magnetic material"> magnetic material</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=radiation%20dose" title=" radiation dose"> radiation dose</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/12934/gamma-irradiation-effects-on-the-magnetic-properties-of-hard-ferrites" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/12934.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">239</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1011</span> Assessment of Gamma Radiation Exposure of Soils Associated with Granitic Rocks in Kapıdağ Peninsula, Turkey </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Buket%20Canbaz%20%C3%96zt%C3%BCrk">Buket Canbaz Öztürk</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20F%C3%BCsun%20%C3%87am"> N. Füsun Çam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=G%C3%BCnseli%20Yaprak"> Günseli Yaprak</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Osman%20Candan"> Osman Candan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The external terrestrial radiation exposure is related to the types of rock from which the soils originate. Higher radiation levels are associated with igneous rocks, such as granite, and lower levels with sedimentary rocks. Therefore, this study aims to assess the gamma radiation exposure of soils associated with granitic rocks in Kapıdağ Peninsula, Turkey. In the ongoing study, a comprehensive survey carried out systematically as a part of the environmental monitoring program on radiologic impact of the granitoid areas in Western Anatolia. The activity measurements of the gamma emitters (238U, 232Th and 40K) in the surface soil samples and the granitic rocks carried out by means of NaI(Tl) gamma-ray spectrometry system. To evaluate the radiological hazard of the natural radioactivity, the absorbed dose rate (D), the annual effective dose rate (AED), the radium equivalent activity (Raeq) and the external (Hex) hazard index were calculated according to the UNSCEAR 2000 report. The corresponding absorbed dose rates in air from all natural radionuclides were always much lower than 200 nGy h-1 and did not exceed the typical range of worldwide average values noticed in the UNSCEAR (2000) report. Furthermore, the correlation between soil and granitic rock samples were utilized, and external gamma radiation exposure distribution was mapped in Kapıdağ Peninsula. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=external%20absorbed%20dose" title="external absorbed dose">external absorbed dose</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=granitic%20rocks" title=" granitic rocks"> granitic rocks</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kap%C4%B1da%C4%9F%20Peninsula" title=" Kapıdağ Peninsula"> Kapıdağ Peninsula</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soil" title=" soil"> soil</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/60866/assessment-of-gamma-radiation-exposure-of-soils-associated-with-granitic-rocks-in-kapidag-peninsula-turkey" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/60866.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">235</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1010</span> The Long-Term Leaching Behaviour of 137Cs, 60Co and 152Eu Radionuclides Incorporated in Mortar Matrices Made from Natural Aggregates and Recycled Aggregates</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20Deju">R. Deju</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Mincu"> M. Mincu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=D.%20Gurau"> D. Gurau</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> During the interim storage or final disposal of low level waste, migration/diffusion of radionuclides can occur when the waste comes in contact with water. The long-term leaching behaviour into surrounding fluid (demineralized water) of <sup>137</sup>Cs, <sup>60</sup>Co and <sup>152</sup>Eu radionuclides, artificially incorporated in mortar matrices made from natural aggregates (river sand) and recycled radioactive concrete was studied. Results presented in this work are obtained in two years of mortar testing and will be used for the safety increasing in the storage of low level radioactive waste. The study involved the influence of curing time, type and size distribution of the aggregates on leaching behaviour. The mortar samples were immersed in distilled water for 30 days. The leached activity of the mortar samples was measured on samples from the immersing water and analyzed through a gamma-ray spectrometry method using an HPGe detector with a GESPECOR code for efficiency evaluation. The long-term leaching behaviour of the radionuclides was evaluated from the leaching data calculating the apparent diffusion coefficient. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gamma%20spectrometry" title="gamma spectrometry">gamma spectrometry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=leaching%20behavior" title=" leaching behavior"> leaching behavior</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reuse%20and%20recycling%20of%20radioactive%20concrete" title=" reuse and recycling of radioactive concrete"> reuse and recycling of radioactive concrete</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=waste%20management" title=" waste management"> waste management</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/56421/the-long-term-leaching-behaviour-of-137cs-60co-and-152eu-radionuclides-incorporated-in-mortar-matrices-made-from-natural-aggregates-and-recycled-aggregates" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/56421.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">247</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1009</span> Determination of Full Energy Peak Efficiency and Resolution of Nai (Tl) Detector Using Gamma-ray Spectroscopy</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jibon%20Sharma">Jibon Sharma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alakjyoti%20Patowary"> Alakjyoti Patowary</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Moirangthem%20Nara%20Singh"> Moirangthem Nara Singh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In experimental research it is very much essential to obtain the quality control of the system used for the experiment. NaI (Tl) scintillation detector is the most commonly used in radiation and medical physics for measurement of the gamma ray activity of various samples. In addition, the scintillation detector has a lot of applications in the elemental analysis of various compounds, alloys using activation analysis. In each application for quantitative analysis, it is very much essential to know the detection efficiency and resolution for different gamma energies. In this work, the energy dependence of efficiency and resolution of NaI (Tl) detector using gamma-ray spectroscopy are investigated. Different photon energies of 356.01 keV,511keV,661.60keV,1170 keV,1274.53 keV and 1330 keV are obtained from four radioactive sources (133Ba,22Na,137Cs and 60 Co) used in these studies. Values of full energy peak efficiencies of these gamma energies are found to be respectively 58.46%,10.15%,14.39%,1.4%,3.27% and 1.31%. The values of percent resolution for above different gamma ray energies are found to be 11.27%,7.27%,6.38%,5.17%,4.86% and 4.74% respectively. It was found that the efficiency of the detector exponentially decreases with energy and the resolution of the detector is directly proportional to the energy of gamma-ray. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=naI%20%28Tl%29%20gamma-ray%20spectrometer" title="naI (Tl) gamma-ray spectrometer">naI (Tl) gamma-ray spectrometer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=resolution" title=" resolution"> resolution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=full%20energy%20peak%20efficiency" title=" full energy peak efficiency"> full energy peak efficiency</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=radioactive%20sources" title=" radioactive sources"> radioactive sources</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/158239/determination-of-full-energy-peak-efficiency-and-resolution-of-nai-tl-detector-using-gamma-ray-spectroscopy" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/158239.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">104</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1008</span> Gamma Irradiation Effect on Structural and Optical Properties of Bismuth-Boro-Tellurite Glasses</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Azuraida%20Amat">Azuraida Amat</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Halimah%20Mohamed%20Kamari"> Halimah Mohamed Kamari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Che%20Azurahanim%20Che%20Abdullah"> Che Azurahanim Che Abdullah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ishak%20Mansor"> Ishak Mansor</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The changes of the optical and structural properties of Bismuth-Boro-Tellurite glasses pre and post gamma irradiation were studied. Six glass samples, with different compositions [(TeO2)0.7 (B2O3)0.3]1-x (Bi2O3)x prepared by melt quenching method were irradiated with 25kGy gamma radiation at room temperature. The Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) was used to explore the structural bonding in the prepared glass samples due to exposure, while UV-VIS Spectrophotometer was used to evaluate the changes in the optical properties before and after irradiation. Gamma irradiation causes a profound changes in the peak intensity as shown by FTIR spectra which is due to the breaking of the network bonding. Before gamma irradiation, the optical band gap, Eg value decreased from 2.44 eV to 2.15 eV with the addition of Bismuth content. The value kept decreasing (from 2.18 eV to 2.00 eV) following exposure to gamma radiation due to the increase of non-bridging oxygen (NBO) and the increase of defects in the glass. In conclusion, the glass with high content of Bi2O3 (0.30Bi) give the smallest Eg and show less changes in FTIR spectra after gamma irradiation, which indicate that this glass is more resistant to gamma radiation compared to other glasses. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=boro-tellurite" title="boro-tellurite">boro-tellurite</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bismuth" title=" bismuth"> bismuth</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gamma%20radiation" title=" gamma radiation"> gamma radiation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optical%20properties" title=" optical properties"> optical properties</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/25457/gamma-irradiation-effect-on-structural-and-optical-properties-of-bismuth-boro-tellurite-glasses" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/25457.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">427</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1007</span> Effects of Gamma Irradiation on Chemical and Antioxidant Properties of Iranian Native Fresh Barberry Fruit</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Samira%20Berenji%20Ardestani">Samira Berenji Ardestani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hamid%20Reza%20Akhavan"> Hamid Reza Akhavan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Gamma irradiation greatly reduces the potential microbiological risk of fresh fruits, resulting in improved microbial safety as well as extending their shelf life. The effects of 0.5-2 kGy gamma doses on some physicochemical, microbial and sensory properties of fresh barberry fruits (<em>Berberis vulgaris</em>) during refrigerated storage for 40 days were evaluated. The total anthocyanin and total phenolic contents of barberry fruits decreased in a dose-dependent manner immediately after irradiation and after subsequent storage. In general, it is recommended that, according to the effect of gamma radiation on physicochemical, microbial and sensorial characteristics, doses of 1.25-2 kGy could be used. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antioxidant%20property" title="antioxidant property">antioxidant property</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=barberry%20fruit" title=" barberry fruit"> barberry fruit</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chemical%20properties" title=" chemical properties"> chemical properties</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gamma%20irradiation" title=" gamma irradiation"> gamma irradiation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/81364/effects-of-gamma-irradiation-on-chemical-and-antioxidant-properties-of-iranian-native-fresh-barberry-fruit" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/81364.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">279</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1006</span> Design of a Remote Radiation Sensing Module Based on Portable Gamma Spectrometer</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Young%20Gil%20Kim">Young Gil Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hye%20Min%20Park"> Hye Min Park</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chan%20Jong%20Park"> Chan Jong Park</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Koan%20Sik%20Joo"> Koan Sik Joo</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A personal gamma spectrometer has to be sensitive, pocket-sized, and carriable on the users. To serve these requirements, we developed the SiPM-based portable radiation detectors. The prototype uses a Ce:GAGG scintillator coupled to a silicon photomultiplier and a radio frequency(RF) module to measure gamma-ray, and can be accessed wirelessly or remotely by mobile equipment. The prototype device consumes roughly 4.4W, weighs about 180g (including battery), and measures 5.0 7.0. It is able to achieve 5.8% FWHM energy resolution at 662keV. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ce%3AGAGG" title="Ce:GAGG">Ce:GAGG</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gamma-ray" title=" gamma-ray"> gamma-ray</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=radio%20frequency" title=" radio frequency"> radio frequency</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=silicon%20photomultiplier" title=" silicon photomultiplier"> silicon photomultiplier</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/66154/design-of-a-remote-radiation-sensing-module-based-on-portable-gamma-spectrometer" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/66154.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">332</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1005</span> Performance Analysis of a Hybrid DF-AF Hybrid RF/FSO System under Gamma Gamma Atmospheric Turbulence Channel Using MPPM Modulation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hechmi%20Saidi">Hechmi Saidi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Noureddine%20Hamdi"> Noureddine Hamdi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The performance of hybrid amplify and forward - decode and forward (AF-DF) hybrid radio frequency/free space optical (RF/FSO) communication system, that adopts M-ary pulse position modulation (MPPM) techniques, is analyzed. Both exact and approximate symbol-error rates (SERs) are derived. The random variations of the received optical irradiance, produced by the atmospheric turbulence, is modeled by the gamma-gamma (GG) statistical distribution. A closed-form expression for the probability density function (PDF) is derived for the whole above system is obtained. Thanks to the use of hybrid AF-DF hybrid RF/FSO configuration and MPPM, the effects of atmospheric turbulence is mitigated; hence the capacity of combating atmospheric turbulence and the transmissitted signal quality are improved. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=free%20space%20optical" title="free space optical">free space optical</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gamma%20gamma%20channel" title=" gamma gamma channel"> gamma gamma channel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=radio%20frequency" title=" radio frequency"> radio frequency</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=decode%20and%20forward" title=" decode and forward"> decode and forward</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=error%20pointing" title=" error pointing"> error pointing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M-ary%20pulse%20position%20modulation" title=" M-ary pulse position modulation"> M-ary pulse position modulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=symbol%20error%20rate" title=" symbol error rate"> symbol error rate</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/90571/performance-analysis-of-a-hybrid-df-af-hybrid-rffso-system-under-gamma-gamma-atmospheric-turbulence-channel-using-mppm-modulation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/90571.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">286</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1004</span> Distribution of Gamma-Radiation Levels in Core Sediment Samples in Gulf of İzmir, Eastern Aegean Sea, Turkey</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=D.%20Kurt">D. Kurt</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=%C4%B0.%20F.%20Barut"> İ. F. Barut</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Z.%20%C3%9C.%20Y%C3%BCm%C3%BCn"> Z. Ü. Yümün</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=E.%20Kam"> E. Kam</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> After development of the industrial revolution, industrial plants and settlements have spread widely on the sea coasts. This concentration also brings environmental pollution in the sea. This study focuses on the Gulf of İzmir where is located in West of Turkey and it is a fascinating natural gulf of the Eastern Aegean Sea. Investigating marine current sediment is extremely important to detect pollution. Natural radionuclides’ pollution of the marine environment which is also known as a significant environmental anxiety. Ground drilling cores (the depth of each sediment is variant) were collected from the Gulf of İzmir’s four different locations which were Karşıyaka, İnciraltı, Çeşmealtı and Bayraklı. These sediment cores were put in preserving bags with weight around 1 kg, and they were dried at room temperature in a week for moisture removal. Then, they were sieved with 1 mm sieve holes, and finally these powdered samples were relocation to polyethylene Marinelli beakers of 100 ml versions. Each prepared sediment was waited to reach radioactive equilibrium between uranium and thorium for 40 days. Gamma spectrometry measurements were settled using a HPG (High- Purity Germanium) semiconductor detector. Semiconductor detectors are very good at separating power of the energy, they are easily able to differentiate peaks that are pretty close to each other. That is why, gamma spectroscopy’s usage is common for the determination of the activities of U - 238, Th - 232, Ra - 226, Cr - 137 and K - 40 in Bq kg⁻¹. In this study, the results display that the average concentrations of activities’ values are in respectively; 2.2 ± 1.5 Bq/ kg⁻¹, 0.98 ± 0.02 Bq/ kg⁻¹, 8 ± 0.96 Bq/ kg⁻¹, 0.93 ± 0.14 Bq/ kg⁻¹, and 76.05 ± 0.93 Bq/ kg⁻¹. The outcomes of the study are able to be used as a criterion for forthcoming research and the obtained data would be pragmatic for radiological mapping of the precise areas. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gamma" title="gamma">gamma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gulf%20of%20%C4%B0zmir%20%28Eastern%20Aegean%20Sea-Turkey%29" title=" Gulf of İzmir (Eastern Aegean Sea-Turkey)"> Gulf of İzmir (Eastern Aegean Sea-Turkey)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=natural%20radionuclides" title=" natural radionuclides"> natural radionuclides</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pollution" title=" pollution"> pollution</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/48225/distribution-of-gamma-radiation-levels-in-core-sediment-samples-in-gulf-of-izmir-eastern-aegean-sea-turkey" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/48225.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">258</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1003</span> Performance Analysis of M-Ary Pulse Position Modulation in Multihop Multiple Input Multiple Output-Free Space Optical System over Uncorrelated Gamma-Gamma Atmospheric Turbulence Channels</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hechmi%20Saidi">Hechmi Saidi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Noureddine%20Hamdi"> Noureddine Hamdi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The performance of Decode and Forward (DF) multihop Free Space Optical ( FSO) scheme deploying Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) configuration under Gamma-Gamma (GG) statistical distribution, that adopts M-ary Pulse Position Modulation (MPPM) coding, is investigated. We have extracted exact and estimated values of Symbol-Error Rates (SERs) respectively. A closed form formula related to the Probability Density Function (PDF) is expressed for our designed system. Thanks to the use of DF multihop MIMO FSO configuration and MPPM signaling, atmospheric turbulence is combatted; hence the transmitted signal quality is improved. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=free%20space%20optical" title="free space optical">free space optical</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multiple%20input%20multiple%20output" title=" multiple input multiple output"> multiple input multiple output</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M-ary%20pulse%20position%20modulation" title=" M-ary pulse position modulation"> M-ary pulse position modulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multihop" title=" multihop"> multihop</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=decode%20and%20forward" title=" decode and forward"> decode and forward</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=symbol%20error%20rate" title=" symbol error rate"> symbol error rate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gamma-gamma%20channel" title=" gamma-gamma channel"> gamma-gamma channel</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/91351/performance-analysis-of-m-ary-pulse-position-modulation-in-multihop-multiple-input-multiple-output-free-space-optical-system-over-uncorrelated-gamma-gamma-atmospheric-turbulence-channels" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/91351.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">198</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1002</span> Effect of Gamma Irradiation on Structural and Optical Properties of ZnO/Mesoporous Silica Nanocomposite</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20Sowri%20Babu">K. Sowri Babu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P.%20Srinath"> P. Srinath</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20Rajeswara%20Rao"> N. Rajeswara Rao</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20Venugopal%20Reddy"> K. Venugopal Reddy</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The effect of gamma ray irradiation on morphology and optical properties of ZnO/Mesoporous silica (MPS) nanocomposite was studied. The ZnO/MPS nanocomposite was irradiated with gamma rays of doses 30, 60, and 90 kGy and dose-rate of irradiation was 0.15 kGy/hour. Irradiated samples are characterized with FE-SEM, FT-IR, UV-vis, and Photoluminescence (PL) spectrometers. SEM pictures showed that morphology changed from spherical to flake like morphology. UV-vis analysis showed that the band gap increased with increase of gamma ray irradiation dose. This enhancement of the band gap is assigned to the depletion of oxygen vacancies with irradiation. The intensity of PL peak decreased gradually with increase of gamma ray irradiation dose. The decrease in PL intensity is attributed to the decrease of oxygen vacancies at the interface due to poor interface and improper passivation between ZnO/MPS. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ZnO%20nanoparticles" title="ZnO nanoparticles">ZnO nanoparticles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nanocomposites" title=" nanocomposites"> nanocomposites</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mesoporous%20silica" title=" mesoporous silica"> mesoporous silica</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=photoluminescence" title=" photoluminescence"> photoluminescence</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/72909/effect-of-gamma-irradiation-on-structural-and-optical-properties-of-znomesoporous-silica-nanocomposite" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/72909.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">234</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1001</span> Statistical Analysis of Interferon-γ for the Effectiveness of an Anti-Tuberculous Treatment</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shishen%20Xie">Shishen Xie</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yingda%20L.%20Xie"> Yingda L. Xie</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Tuberculosis (TB) is a potentially serious infectious disease that remains a health concern. The Interferon Gamma Release Assay (IGRA) is a blood test to find out if an individual is tuberculous positive or negative. This study applies statistical analysis to the clinical data of interferon-gamma levels of seventy-three subjects who diagnosed pulmonary TB in an anti-tuberculous treatment. Data analysis is performed to determine if there is a significant decline in interferon-gamma levels for the subjects during a period of six months, and to infer if the anti-tuberculous treatment is effective. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=data%20analysis" title="data analysis">data analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=interferon%20gamma%20release%20assay" title=" interferon gamma release assay"> interferon gamma release assay</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=statistical%20methods" title=" statistical methods"> statistical methods</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tuberculosis%20infection" title=" tuberculosis infection"> tuberculosis infection</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/49709/statistical-analysis-of-interferon-gh-for-the-effectiveness-of-an-anti-tuberculous-treatment" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/49709.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">305</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1000</span> Natural Radioactivity in Tunisian Bottled Mineral Waters </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Salam%20Labidi">Salam Labidi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sonia%20Machraoui"> Sonia Machraoui</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Souha%20Gharbi"> Souha Gharbi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Radium isotopes (226Ra, 228Ra) and uranium isotopes (234U, 238U) activity concentrations were determined in most popular Tunisian bottled mineral waters samples. Activity concentrations of uranium were studied by radiochemical separation procedures followed by alpha spectrometry and that of radium isotopes by gamma-ray spectrometry. The activity concentrations of 238U, 234U, 226Ra and 228Ra in water samples varied in range 3.3 - 22.5 mBq.L−1, 4.0 - 34.2 mBq L−1, 2.0 - 67.0 mBq L−1 and 2.0 - 30.2 mBq L−1, respectively. These values are comparable with those reported for many other countries in the world for different types of water. Based on the activity concentration results obtained in this study, the estimated annual ingestion dose rates for three different age groups (babies, children and adults) due to the ingestion of radium and uranium isotopes through drinking water are lower than the limit of intake prescribed by WHO. The annual doses exceed the recommended value of 0.1 mSv y-1 in one case for babies. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mineral%20water" title="mineral water">mineral water</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=natural%20radioactivity" title=" natural radioactivity"> natural radioactivity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=radiation%20dose" title=" radiation dose"> radiation dose</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=radium" title=" radium"> radium</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=uranium" title=" uranium"> uranium</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/60196/natural-radioactivity-in-tunisian-bottled-mineral-waters" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/60196.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">267</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">999</span> Radioactivity Assessment of Sediments in Negombo Lagoon Sri Lanka</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20M.%20N.%20L.%20Handagiripathira">H. M. N. L. Handagiripathira</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The distributions of naturally occurring and anthropogenic radioactive materials were determined in surface sediments taken at 27 different locations along the bank of Negombo Lagoon in Sri Lanka. Hydrographic parameters of lagoon water and the grain size analyses of the sediment samples were also carried out for this study. The conductivity of the adjacent water was varied from 13.6 mS/cm to 55.4 mS/cm near to the southern end and the northern end of the lagoon, respectively, and equally salinity levels varied from 7.2 psu to 32.1 psu. The average pH in the water was 7.6 and average water temperature was 28.7 °C. The grain size analysis emphasized the mass fractions of the samples as sand (60.9%), fine sand (30.6%) and fine silt+clay (1.3%) in the sampling locations. The surface sediment samples of wet weight, 1 kg each from upper 5-10 cm layer, were oven dried at 105 °C for 24 hours to get a constant weight, homogenized and sieved through a 2 mm sieve (IAEA technical series no. 295). The radioactivity concentrations were determined using gamma spectrometry technique. Ultra Low Background Broad Energy High Purity Ge Detector, BEGe (Model BE5030, Canberra) was used for radioactivity measurement with Canberra Industries' Laboratory Source-less Calibration Software (LabSOCS) mathematical efficiency calibration approach and Geometry composer software. The mean activity concentration was found to be 24 ± 4, 67 ± 9, 181 ± 10, 59 ± 8, 3.5 ± 0.4 and 0.47 ± 0.08 Bq/kg for 238U, 232Th, 40K, 210Pb, 235U and 137Cs respectively. The mean absorbed dose rate in air, radium equivalent activity, external hazard index, annual gonadal dose equivalent and annual effective dose equivalent were 60.8 nGy/h, 137.3 Bq/kg, 0.4, 425.3 mSv/year and 74.6 mSv/year, respectively. The results of this study will provide baseline information on the natural and artificial radioactive isotopes and environmental pollution associated with information on radiological risk. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gamma%20spectrometry" title="gamma spectrometry">gamma spectrometry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lagoon" title=" lagoon"> lagoon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=radioactivity" title=" radioactivity"> radioactivity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sediments" title=" sediments"> sediments</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/126939/radioactivity-assessment-of-sediments-in-negombo-lagoon-sri-lanka" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/126939.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">139</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">998</span> Simulation of the Collimator Plug Design for Prompt-Gamma Activation Analysis in the IEA-R1 Nuclear Reactor</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Carlos%20G.%20Santos">Carlos G. Santos</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Frederico%20A.%20Genezini"> Frederico A. Genezini</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20P.%20Dos%20Santos"> A. P. Dos Santos</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20Yorivaz"> H. Yorivaz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P.%20T.%20D.%20Siqueira"> P. T. D. Siqueira</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The Prompt-Gamma Activation Analysis (PGAA) is a valuable technique for investigating the elemental composition of various samples. However, the installation of a PGAA system entails specific conditions such as filtering the neutron beam according to the target and providing adequate shielding for both users and detectors. These requirements incur substantial costs, exceeding $100,000, including manpower. Nevertheless, a cost-effective approach involves leveraging an existing neutron beam facility to create a hybrid system integrating PGAA and Neutron Tomography (NT). The IEA-R1 nuclear reactor at IPEN/USP possesses an NT facility with suitable conditions for adapting and implementing a PGAA device. The NT facility offers a thermal flux slightly colder and provides shielding for user protection. The key additional requirement involves designing detector shielding to mitigate high gamma ray background and safeguard the HPGe detector from neutron-induced damage. This study employs Monte Carlo simulations with the MCNP6 code to optimize the collimator plug for PGAA within the IEA-R1 NT facility. Three collimator models are proposed and simulated to assess their effectiveness in shielding gamma and neutron radiation from nucleon fission. The aim is to achieve a focused prompt-gamma signal while shielding ambient gamma radiation. The simulation results indicate that one of the proposed designs is particularly suitable for the PGAA-NT hybrid system. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MCNP6.1" title="MCNP6.1">MCNP6.1</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=neutron" title=" neutron"> neutron</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=prompt-gamma%20ray" title=" prompt-gamma ray"> prompt-gamma ray</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=prompt-gamma%20activation%20analysis" title=" prompt-gamma activation analysis"> prompt-gamma activation analysis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/179265/simulation-of-the-collimator-plug-design-for-prompt-gamma-activation-analysis-in-the-iea-r1-nuclear-reactor" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/179265.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">75</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">997</span> Radiative Reactions Analysis at the Range of Astrophysical Energies </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Amar">A. Amar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Analysis of the elastic scattering of protons on <sup>10</sup>B nuclei has been done in the framework of the optical model and single folding model at the beam energies up to 17 MeV. We could enhance the optical potential parameters using Esis88 Code, as well as SPI GENOA Code. Linear relationship between volume real potential (V<sub>0</sub>) and proton energy (E<sub>p</sub>) has been obtained. Also, surface imaginary potential W<sub>D</sub> is proportional to the proton energy (E<sub>p</sub>) in the range 0.400 and 17 MeV. The radiative reaction <sup>10</sup>B(p,γ)<sup>11</sup>C has been analyzed using potential model. A comparison between <sup>10</sup>B(p,γ)<sup>11</sup>C and <sup>6</sup>Li(p,γ)<sup>7</sup>Be has been made. Good agreement has been found between theoretical and experimental results in the whole range of energy. The radiative resonance reaction <sup>7</sup>Li(p,γ)<sup>8</sup>Be has been studied. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=elastic%20scattering%20of%20protons%20on%2010B%20nuclei" title="elastic scattering of protons on 10B nuclei">elastic scattering of protons on 10B nuclei</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optical%20potential%20parameters" title=" optical potential parameters"> optical potential parameters</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=potential%20model" title=" potential model"> potential model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=radiative%20reaction" title=" radiative reaction"> radiative reaction</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/88571/radiative-reactions-analysis-at-the-range-of-astrophysical-energies" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/88571.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">210</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">996</span> Modification of Electrical and Switching Characteristics of a Non Punch-Through Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor by Gamma Irradiation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hani%20Baek">Hani Baek</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gwang%20Min%20Sun"> Gwang Min Sun</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chansun%20Shin"> Chansun Shin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sung%20Ho%20Ahn"> Sung Ho Ahn</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Fast neutron irradiation using nuclear reactors is an effective method to improve switching loss and short circuit durability of power semiconductor (insulated gate bipolar transistors (IGBT) and insulated gate transistors (IGT), etc.). However, not only fast neutrons but also thermal neutrons, epithermal neutrons and gamma exist in the nuclear reactor. And the electrical properties of the IGBT may be deteriorated by the irradiation of gamma. Gamma irradiation damages are known to be caused by Total Ionizing Dose (TID) effect and Single Event Effect (SEE), Displacement Damage. Especially, the TID effect deteriorated the electrical properties such as leakage current and threshold voltage of a power semiconductor. This work can confirm the effect of the gamma irradiation on the electrical properties of 600 V NPT-IGBT. Irradiation of gamma forms lattice defects in the gate oxide and Si-SiO<sub>2</sub> interface of the IGBT. It was confirmed that this lattice defect acts on the center of the trap and affects the threshold voltage, thereby negatively shifted the threshold voltage according to TID. In addition to the change in the carrier mobility, the conductivity modulation decreases in the n-drift region, indicating a negative influence that the forward voltage drop decreases. The turn-off delay time of the device before irradiation was 212 ns. Those of 2.5, 10, 30, 70 and 100 kRad(Si) were 225, 258, 311, 328, and 350 ns, respectively. The gamma irradiation increased the turn-off delay time of the IGBT by approximately 65%, and the switching characteristics deteriorated. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=NPT-IGBT" title="NPT-IGBT">NPT-IGBT</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gamma%20irradiation" title=" gamma irradiation"> gamma irradiation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=switching" title=" switching"> switching</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=turn-off%20delay%20time" title=" turn-off delay time"> turn-off delay time</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=recombination" title=" recombination"> recombination</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=trap%20center" title=" trap center"> trap center</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/93282/modification-of-electrical-and-switching-characteristics-of-a-non-punch-through-insulated-gate-bipolar-transistor-by-gamma-irradiation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/93282.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">155</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">995</span> In-Situ Determination of Radioactivity Levels and Radiological Hazards in and around the Gold Mine Tailings of the West Rand Area, South Africa</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Paballo%20M.%20Moshupya">Paballo M. Moshupya</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tamiru%20A.%20Abiye"> Tamiru A. Abiye</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ian%20Korir"> Ian Korir</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Mining and processing of naturally occurring radioactive materials could result in elevated levels of natural radionuclides in the environment. The aim of this study was to evaluate the radioactivity levels on a large scale in the West Rand District in South Africa, which is dominated by abandoned gold mine tailings and the consequential radiological exposures to members of the public. The activity concentrations of ²³⁸U, ²³²Th and 40K in mine tailings, soil and rocks were assessed using the BGO Super-Spec (RS-230) gamma spectrometer. The measured activity concentrations for ²³⁸U, ²³²Th and 40K in the studied mine tailings were found to range from 209.95 to 2578.68 Bq/kg, 19.49 to 108.00 Bq/kg and 31.30 to 626.00 Bq/kg, respectively. In surface soils, the overall average activity concentrations were found to be 59.15 Bq/kg, 34.91 and 245.64 Bq/kg for 238U, ²³²Th and 40K, respectively. For the rock samples analyzed, the mean activity concentrations were 32.97 Bq/kg, 32.26 Bq/kg and 351.52 Bg/kg for ²³⁸U, ²³²Th and 40K, respectively. High radioactivity levels were found in mine tailings, with ²³⁸U contributing significantly to the overall activity concentration. The external gamma radiation received from surface soil in the area is generally low, with an average of 0.07 mSv/y. The highest annual effective doses were estimated from the tailings dams and the levels varied between 0.14 mSv/y and 1.09 mSv/y, with an average of 0.51 mSv/y. In certain locations, the recommended dose constraint of 0.25 mSv/y from a single source to the average member of the public within the exposed population was exceeded, indicating the need for further monitoring and regulatory control measures specific to these areas to ensure the protection of resident members of the public. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=activity%20concentration" title="activity concentration">activity concentration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gold%20mine%20tailings" title=" gold mine tailings"> gold mine tailings</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=in-situ%20gamma%20spectrometry" title=" in-situ gamma spectrometry"> in-situ gamma spectrometry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=radiological%20exposures" title=" radiological exposures"> radiological exposures</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/146072/in-situ-determination-of-radioactivity-levels-and-radiological-hazards-in-and-around-the-gold-mine-tailings-of-the-west-rand-area-south-africa" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/146072.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">126</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">994</span> Effect of Gamma Radiation on Bromophenol Blue Dyed Films as Dosimeter</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Priyanka%20R.%20Oberoi">Priyanka R. Oberoi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chandra%20B.%20Maurya"> Chandra B. Maurya</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Prakash%20A.%20Mahanwar"> Prakash A. Mahanwar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Ionizing radiation can cause a drastic change in the physical and chemical properties of the material exposed. Numerous medical devices are sterilized by ionizing radiation. In the current research paper, an attempt was made to develop precise and inexpensive polymeric film dosimeter which can be used for controlling radiation dosage. Polymeric film containing (pH sensitive dye) indicator dye Bromophenol blue (BPB) was casted to check the effect of Gamma radiation on its optical and physical properties. The film was exposed to gamma radiation at 4 kGy/hr in the range of 0 to 300 kGy at an interval of 50 kGy. Release of vinyl acetate from an emulsion on high radiation reacts with the BPB fading the color of the film from blue to light blue and then finally colorless, indicating a change in pH from basic to acidic form. The change was characterized by using CIE l*a*b*, ultra-violet spectroscopy and FT-IR respectively. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bromophenol%20blue" title="bromophenol blue">bromophenol blue</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dosimeter" title=" dosimeter"> dosimeter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gamma%20radiation" title=" gamma radiation"> gamma radiation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=polymer" title=" polymer"> polymer</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/55840/effect-of-gamma-radiation-on-bromophenol-blue-dyed-films-as-dosimeter" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/55840.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">290</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">993</span> Formation of Protective Silicide-Aluminide Coating on Gamma-TiAl Advanced Material</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Nouri">S. Nouri</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this study, the Si-aluminide coating was prepared on gamma-TiAl [Ti-45Al-2Nb-2Mn-1B (at. %)] via liquid-phase slurry procedure. The high temperature oxidation resistance of this diffusion coating was evaluated at 1100 °C for 400 hours. The results of the isothermal oxidation showed that the formation of Si-aluminide coating can remarkably improve the high temperature oxidation of bare gamma-TiAl alloy. The identification of oxide scale microstructure showed that the formation of protective Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>+SiO<sub>2</sub> mixed oxide scale along with a continuous, compact and uniform layer of Ti<sub>5</sub>Si<sub>3</sub> beneath the surface oxide scale can act as an oxygen diffusion barrier during the high temperature oxidation. The other possible mechanisms related to the formation of Si-aluminide coating and oxide scales were also discussed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gamma-TiAl%20alloy" title="Gamma-TiAl alloy">Gamma-TiAl alloy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=high%20temperature%20oxidation" title=" high temperature oxidation"> high temperature oxidation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Si-aluminide%20coating" title=" Si-aluminide coating"> Si-aluminide coating</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=slurry%20procedure" title=" slurry procedure"> slurry procedure</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/105858/formation-of-protective-silicide-aluminide-coating-on-gamma-tial-advanced-material" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/105858.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">178</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">992</span> Gamma Irradiation Effects on the Crystal Structural and Transport Properties of Bi₂Te₃ Thin Films Grown by Thermal Evaporation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shoroog%20Alraddadi">Shoroog Alraddadi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this study, the effect of gamma irradiation on the structural and transport properties of Bismuth Telluride (Bi₂Te₃) thin films was investigated. Bi₂Te₃ thin films with thicknesses varying from 100 nm to 500 nm were grown using thermal evaporation in vacuum 10⁻⁵ Torr. The films were irradiated by Gamma radiation with different doses (50, 200, and 500 kGy). The crystal structure of Bi₂Te₃ thin films was studied by XRD diffraction. It was showed that the degree of crystallinity of films increases as the doses increase. Furthermore, it was found that the electrical conductivity of Bi₂Te₃ increase as the doses increase. From these results, it can be concluding that the effect of radiation on the structural and transport properties was positive at the levels of irradiation used. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bismuth%20telluride" title="bismuth telluride">bismuth telluride</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gamma%20irradiation" title=" gamma irradiation"> gamma irradiation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thin%20film" title=" thin film"> thin film</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transport%20properties" title=" transport properties"> transport properties</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/99624/gamma-irradiation-effects-on-the-crystal-structural-and-transport-properties-of-bi2te3-thin-films-grown-by-thermal-evaporation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/99624.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">156</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">991</span> Method for Targeting Small Volume in Rat Brainby Gamma Knife and Dosimetric Control: Towards a Standardization</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20Constanzo">J. Constanzo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=B.%20Paquette"> B. Paquette</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=G.%20Charest"> G. Charest</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=L.%20Masson-C%C3%B4t%C3%A9"> L. Masson-Côté</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Guillot"> M. Guillot</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Targeted and whole-brain irradiation in humans can result in significant side effects causing decreased patient quality of life. To adequately investigate structural and functional alterations after stereotactic radiosurgery, preclinical studies are needed. The first step is to establish a robust standardized method of targeted irradiation on small regions of the rat brain. Eleven euthanized male Fischer rats were imaged in a stereotactic bed, by computed tomographic (CT), to estimate positioning variations regarding to the bregma skull reference point. Using a rat brain atlas and the stereotactic bregma coordinates assessed from CT images, various regions of the brain were delimited and a treatment plan was generated. A dose of 37 Gy at 30% isodose which corresponds to 100 Gy in 100% of the target volume (X = 98.1; Y = 109.1; Z = 100.0) was set by Leksell Gamma Plan using sectors number 4, 5, 7, and 8 of the Gamma Knife unit with the 4-mm diameter collimators. Effects of positioning accuracy of the rat brain on the dose deposition were simulated by Gamma Plan and validated with dosimetric measurements. Our results showed that 90% of the target volume received 110 ± 4.7 Gy and the maximum of deposited dose was 124 ± 0.6 Gy, which corresponds to an excellent relative standard deviation of 0.5%. This dose deposition calculated with the Gamma Plan was validated with the dosimetric films resulting in a dose-profile agreement within 2%, both in X- and Z-axis,. Our results demonstrate the feasibility to standardize the irradiation procedure of a small volume in the rat brain using a Gamma Knife. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=brain%20irradiation" title="brain irradiation">brain irradiation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dosimetry" title=" dosimetry"> dosimetry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gamma%20knife" title=" gamma knife"> gamma knife</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=small-animal%20irradiation" title=" small-animal irradiation"> small-animal irradiation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stereotactic%20radiosurgery%20%28SRS%29" title=" stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS)"> stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS)</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/12767/method-for-targeting-small-volume-in-rat-brainby-gamma-knife-and-dosimetric-control-towards-a-standardization" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/12767.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">407</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">990</span> End-to-End Performance of MPPM in Multihop MIMO-FSO System Over Dependent GG Atmospheric Turbulence Channels</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hechmi%20Saidi">Hechmi Saidi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Noureddine%20Hamdi"> Noureddine Hamdi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The performance of decode and forward (DF) multihop free space optical (FSO) scheme deploying multiple input multiple output (MIMO) configuration under gamma-gamma (GG) statistical distribution, that adopts M-ary pulse position modulation (MPPM) coding, is investigated. We have extracted exact and estimated values of symbol-error rates (SERs) respectively. The probability density function (PDF)’s closed-form formula is expressed for our designed system. Thanks to the use of DF multihop MIMO FSO configuration and MPPM signaling, atmospheric turbulence is combatted; hence the transmitted signal quality is improved. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=free%20space%20optical" title="free space optical">free space optical</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gamma%20gamma%20channel" title=" gamma gamma channel"> gamma gamma channel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=radio%20frequency" title=" radio frequency"> radio frequency</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=decode%20and%20forward" title=" decode and forward"> decode and forward</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multiple-input%20multiple-output" title=" multiple-input multiple-output"> multiple-input multiple-output</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M-ary%20pulse%20position%20modulation" title=" M-ary pulse position modulation"> M-ary pulse position modulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=symbol%20error%20rate" title=" symbol error rate"> symbol error rate</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/91635/end-to-end-performance-of-mppm-in-multihop-mimo-fso-system-over-dependent-gg-atmospheric-turbulence-channels" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/91635.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">250</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">989</span> An Automated Procedure for Estimating the Glomerular Filtration Rate and Determining the Normality or Abnormality of the Kidney Stages Using an Artificial Neural Network</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hossain%20A.">Hossain A.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chowdhury%20S.%20I."> Chowdhury S. I.</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Introduction: The use of a gamma camera is a standard procedure in nuclear medicine facilities or hospitals to diagnose chronic kidney disease (CKD), but the gamma camera does not precisely stage the disease. The authors sought to determine whether they could use an artificial neural network to determine whether CKD was in normal or abnormal stages based on GFR values (ANN). Method: The 250 kidney patients (Training 188, Testing 62) who underwent an ultrasonography test to diagnose a renal test in our nuclear medical center were scanned using a gamma camera. Before the scanning procedure, the patients received an injection of ⁹⁹ᵐTc-DTPA. The gamma camera computes the pre- and post-syringe radioactive counts after the injection has been pushed into the patient's vein. The artificial neural network uses the softmax function with cross-entropy loss to determine whether CKD is normal or abnormal based on the GFR value in the output layer. Results: The proposed ANN model had a 99.20 % accuracy according to K-fold cross-validation. The sensitivity and specificity were 99.10 and 99.20 %, respectively. AUC was 0.994. Conclusion: The proposed model can distinguish between normal and abnormal stages of CKD by using an artificial neural network. The gamma camera could be upgraded to diagnose normal or abnormal stages of CKD with an appropriate GFR value following the clinical application of the proposed model. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=artificial%20neural%20network" title="artificial neural network">artificial neural network</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=glomerular%20filtration%20rate" title=" glomerular filtration rate"> glomerular filtration rate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stages%20of%20the%20kidney" title=" stages of the kidney"> stages of the kidney</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gamma%20camera" title=" gamma camera"> gamma camera</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/153994/an-automated-procedure-for-estimating-the-glomerular-filtration-rate-and-determining-the-normality-or-abnormality-of-the-kidney-stages-using-an-artificial-neural-network" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/153994.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">103</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=in-situ%20gamma%20spectrometry&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=in-situ%20gamma%20spectrometry&page=3">3</a></li> <li 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href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=in-situ%20gamma%20spectrometry&page=10">10</a></li> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">...</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=in-situ%20gamma%20spectrometry&page=33">33</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=in-situ%20gamma%20spectrometry&page=34">34</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=in-situ%20gamma%20spectrometry&page=2" rel="next">&rsaquo;</a></li> </ul> </div> </main> <footer> <div id="infolinks" class="pt-3 pb-2"> <div class="container"> <div style="background-color:#f5f5f5;" class="p-3"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> About <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support">About Us</a></li> <li><a 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