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href="/wiki/%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%95%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%AA%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%A1%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%86:%E0%A8%85%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%B0_%E0%A8%AA%E0%A9%81%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%9B%E0%A9%87_%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A3_%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B2%E0%A9%87_%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B2"><span>ਅਕਸਰ ਪੁੱਛੇ ਜਾਣ ਵਾਲੇ ਸਵਾਲ</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%AE%E0%A9%81%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%96_%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%AB%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="ਵਿਕੀਪੀਡੀਆ" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-pa.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.5625em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="ਇਕ ਅਜ਼ਾਦ ਵਿਸ਼ਵਗਿਆਨਕੋਸ਼" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-pa.svg" width="120" height="14" style="width: 7.5em; height: 0.875em;"> </span> </a> 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cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="ਵਿਕੀਪੀਡੀਆ ਖੋਜੋ" aria-label="ਵਿਕੀਪੀਡੀਆ ਖੋਜੋ" autocapitalize="sentences" title="ਵਿਕੀਪੀਡੀਆ ਖੋਜੋ [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="ਖ਼ਾਸ:ਖੋਜੋ"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">ਖੋਜੋ</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="ਨਿੱਜੀ ਸੰਦ"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="ਦਿੱਖ"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="ਸਫ਼ੇ ਦੇ ਫੋਂਟ ਦਾ ਆਕਾਰ, ਚੌਡ਼ਾਈ ਅਤੇ ਰੰਗ ਦੀ ਦਿੱਖ ਨੂੰ ਬਦਲੋ" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="ਦਿੱਖ" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">ਦਿੱਖ</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_pa.wikipedia.org&uselang=pa" class=""><span>ਦਾਨ</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8:%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%BE_%E0%A8%AC%E0%A8%A3%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%93&returnto=%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BF%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%86+%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%B0" title="ਤੁਹਾਨੂੰ ਖ਼ਾਤਾ ਬਣਾਉਣ ਤੋਂ ਬਾਅਦ ਦਾਖ਼ਲ ਕਰਨ ਦੀ ਸਲਾਹ ਦਿੱਤੀ ਜਾਂਦੀ ਹੈ; ਹਾਲਾਂਕਿ ਇਹ ਲਾਜ਼ਮੀ ਨਹੀਂ" class=""><span>ਖ਼ਾਤਾ ਬਣਾਓ</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8:%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%A4%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%82%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B0_%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%87%E0%A8%A8&returnto=%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BF%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%86+%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%B0" title="ਤੁਹਾਨੂੰ ਦਾਖ਼ਲ ਹੋਣ ਲਈ ਪ੍ਰੇਰਿਆ ਜਾਂਦਾ ਹੈ; ਪਰ ਇਹ ਕੋਈ ਲਾਜ਼ਮੀ ਨਹੀਂ [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>ਦਾਖ਼ਲ ਹੋਵੋ</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="ਹੋਰ ਚੋਣਾਂ" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="ਨਿੱਜੀ ਸੰਦ" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">ਨਿੱਜੀ ਸੰਦ</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_pa.wikipedia.org&uselang=pa"><span>ਦਾਨ</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8:%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%BE_%E0%A8%AC%E0%A8%A3%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%93&returnto=%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BF%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%86+%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%B0" title="ਤੁਹਾਨੂੰ ਖ਼ਾਤਾ ਬਣਾਉਣ ਤੋਂ ਬਾਅਦ ਦਾਖ਼ਲ ਕਰਨ ਦੀ ਸਲਾਹ ਦਿੱਤੀ ਜਾਂਦੀ ਹੈ; ਹਾਲਾਂਕਿ ਇਹ ਲਾਜ਼ਮੀ ਨਹੀਂ"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>ਖ਼ਾਤਾ ਬਣਾਓ</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8:%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%A4%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%82%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B0_%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%87%E0%A8%A8&returnto=%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BF%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%86+%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%B0" title="ਤੁਹਾਨੂੰ ਦਾਖ਼ਲ ਹੋਣ ਲਈ ਪ੍ਰੇਰਿਆ ਜਾਂਦਾ ਹੈ; ਪਰ ਇਹ ਕੋਈ ਲਾਜ਼ਮੀ ਨਹੀਂ [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>ਦਾਖ਼ਲ ਹੋਵੋ</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> ਬਾਹਰ ਹੋਏ ਸੰਪਾਦਕਾਂ ਲਈ ਸਫ਼ੇ <a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%A6:%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A3-%E0%A8%AA%E0%A8%9B%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A3" aria-label="ਸੰਪਾਦਨ ਬਾਰੇ ਹੋਰ ਜਾਣੋ"><span>ਹੋਰ ਜਾਣੋ</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8:%E0%A8%AE%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%87_%E0%A8%AF%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A8" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>ਯੋਗਦਾਨ</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8:%E0%A8%AE%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%9A%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%9A%E0%A8%BE" title="ਇਸ IP ਪਤੇ ਤੋਂ ਹੋਈਆਂ ਸੋਧਾਂ ਬਾਰੇ ਗੱਲਬਾਤ [n]" accesskey="n"><span>ਗੱਲ-ਬਾਤ</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="ਸਾਈਟ"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="ਸਮੱਗਰੀ" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">ਸਮੱਗਰੀ</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">ਸਾਈਡਬਾਰ 'ਤੇ ਜਾਓ</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">ਲੁਕਾਓ</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">ਸ਼ੁਰੂਆਤ</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-ਨਿਰੁਕਤੀ_ਅਤੇ_ਉਚਾਰਨ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ਨਿਰੁਕਤੀ_ਅਤੇ_ਉਚਾਰਨ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>ਨਿਰੁਕਤੀ ਅਤੇ ਉਚਾਰਨ</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ਨਿਰੁਕਤੀ_ਅਤੇ_ਉਚਾਰਨ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-ਹਵਾਲੇ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ਹਵਾਲੇ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>ਹਵਾਲੇ</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ਹਵਾਲੇ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="ਸਮੱਗਰੀ" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="ਸਮੱਗਰੀ ਦੀ ਸਾਰਣੀ ਨੂੰ ਟੌਗਲ ਕਰੋ" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">ਸਮੱਗਰੀ ਦੀ ਸਾਰਣੀ ਨੂੰ ਟੌਗਲ ਕਰੋ</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">ਸਿੱਖਿਆ ਸ਼ਾਸਤਰ</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="ਕਿਸੇ ਹੋਰ ਭਾਸ਼ਾ ਵਿੱਚ ਲੇਖ 'ਤੇ ਜਾਓ। 104 ਭਾਸ਼ਾਵਾਂ ਵਿੱਚ ਉਪਲਬਧ ਹੈ" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-104" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">104 ਭਾਸ਼ਾਵਾਂ</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opvoedkunde" title="Opvoedkunde – ਅਫ਼ਰੀਕੀ" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Opvoedkunde" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="ਅਫ਼ਰੀਕੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%A4dagogik" title="Pädagogik – ਜਰਮਨ (ਸਵਿਸ)" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Pädagogik" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="ਜਰਮਨ (ਸਵਿਸ)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pedagoch%C3%ADa" title="Pedagochía – ਅਰਾਗੋਨੀ" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Pedagochía" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="ਅਰਾਗੋਨੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="علم التربية – ਅਰਬੀ" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="علم التربية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="ਅਰਬੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pedagox%C3%ADa" title="Pedagoxía – ਅਸਤੂਰੀ" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Pedagoxía" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="ਅਸਤੂਰੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pedaqogika" title="Pedaqogika – ਅਜ਼ਰਬਾਈਜਾਨੀ" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Pedaqogika" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="ਅਜ਼ਰਬਾਈਜਾਨੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Педагогика – ਬਸ਼ਕੀਰ" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Педагогика" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="ਬਸ਼ਕੀਰ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Педагогіка – ਬੇਲਾਰੂਸੀ" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Педагогіка" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="ਬੇਲਾਰੂਸੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%8D%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Пэдагогіка – ਬੇਲਾਰੂਸੀ (ਰਵਾਇਤੀ)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Пэдагогіка" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="ਬੇਲਾਰੂਸੀ (ਰਵਾਇਤੀ)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Педагогика – ਬੁਲਗਾਰੀਆਈ" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Педагогика" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="ਬੁਲਗਾਰੀਆਈ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0" title="शिक्षाशास्त्र – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="शिक्षाशास्त्र" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC" title="শিক্ষাতত্ত্ব – ਬੰਗਾਲੀ" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="শিক্ষাতত্ত্ব" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="ਬੰਗਾਲੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pedagogiezh" title="Pedagogiezh – ਬਰੇਟਨ" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Pedagogiezh" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="ਬਰੇਟਨ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pedagogija" title="Pedagogija – ਬੋਸਨੀਆਈ" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Pedagogija" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="ਬੋਸਨੀਆਈ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pedagogia" title="Pedagogia – ਕੈਟਾਲਾਨ" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Pedagogia" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="ਕੈਟਾਲਾਨ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%AA%DB%8C_%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%95%DA%AF%D9%88%D8%AA%D9%86%DB%95%D9%88%DB%95" title="زانستی وانەگوتنەوە – ਕੇਂਦਰੀ ਕੁਰਦਿਸ਼" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="زانستی وانەگوتنەوە" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="ਕੇਂਦਰੀ ਕੁਰਦਿਸ਼" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pedagogika" title="Pedagogika – ਚੈੱਕ" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Pedagogika" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="ਚੈੱਕ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Addysgeg" title="Addysgeg – ਵੈਲਸ਼" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Addysgeg" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="ਵੈਲਸ਼" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%A6dagogik" title="Pædagogik – ਡੈਨਿਸ਼" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Pædagogik" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="ਡੈਨਿਸ਼" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%A4dagogik" title="Pädagogik – ਜਰਮਨ" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Pädagogik" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="ਜਰਮਨ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pedagociye" title="Pedagociye – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Pedagociye" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dtp mw-list-item"><a href="https://dtp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pedagogi" title="Pedagogi – Central Dusun" lang="dtp" hreflang="dtp" data-title="Pedagogi" data-language-autonym="Kadazandusun" data-language-local-name="Central Dusun" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kadazandusun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CE%B1%CE%B9%CE%B4%CE%B1%CE%B3%CF%89%CE%B3%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE" title="Παιδαγωγική – ਯੂਨਾਨੀ" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Παιδαγωγική" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="ਯੂਨਾਨੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pedagog%C3%ACa" title="Pedagogìa – ਈਮਿਲੀਅਨੋ-ਰੋਮਾਗਨੋਲੋ" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="Pedagogìa" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="ਈਮਿਲੀਅਨੋ-ਰੋਮਾਗਨੋਲੋ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Emiliàn e rumagnòl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pedagogy" title="Pedagogy – ਅੰਗਰੇਜ਼ੀ" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Pedagogy" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="ਅੰਗਰੇਜ਼ੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pedagogio" title="Pedagogio – ਇਸਪੇਰਾਂਟੋ" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Pedagogio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="ਇਸਪੇਰਾਂਟੋ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pedagog%C3%ADa" title="Pedagogía – ਸਪੇਨੀ" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Pedagogía" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="ਸਪੇਨੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kasvatusteadus" title="Kasvatusteadus – ਇਸਟੋਨੀਆਈ" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Kasvatusteadus" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="ਇਸਟੋਨੀਆਈ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pedagogia" title="Pedagogia – ਬਾਸਕ" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Pedagogia" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="ਬਾਸਕ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85_%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%B4%DB%8C" title="علوم پرورشی – ਫ਼ਾਰਸੀ" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="علوم پرورشی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="ਫ਼ਾਰਸੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pedagogiikka" title="Pedagogiikka – ਫਿਨਿਸ਼" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Pedagogiikka" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="ਫਿਨਿਸ਼" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kasvatustiid%C3%BCs" title="Kasvatustiidüs – ਵੋਰੋ" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Kasvatustiidüs" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="ਵੋਰੋ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%A9dagogie" title="Pédagogie – ਫਰਾਂਸੀਸੀ" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Pédagogie" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="ਫਰਾਂਸੀਸੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pedagogjie" title="Pedagogjie – ਫਰੀਉਲੀਅਨ" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Pedagogjie" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="ਫਰੀਉਲੀਅਨ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pedagogyk" title="Pedagogyk – ਪੱਛਮੀ ਫ੍ਰਿਸੀਅਨ" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Pedagogyk" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="ਪੱਛਮੀ ਫ੍ਰਿਸੀਅਨ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pedagox%C3%ADa" title="Pedagoxía – ਗੈਲਿਸ਼ਿਅਨ" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Pedagoxía" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="ਗੈਲਿਸ਼ਿਅਨ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%93%D7%92%D7%95%D7%92%D7%99%D7%94" title="פדגוגיה – ਹਿਬਰੂ" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="פדגוגיה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="ਹਿਬਰੂ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0" title="शिक्षाशास्त्र – ਹਿੰਦੀ" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="शिक्षाशास्त्र" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="ਹਿੰਦੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pedagogija" title="Pedagogija – ਸਰਬੋ-ਕ੍ਰੋਏਸ਼ੀਅਨ" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Pedagogija" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="ਸਰਬੋ-ਕ੍ਰੋਏਸ਼ੀਅਨ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pedag%C3%B3gia" title="Pedagógia – ਹੰਗਰੀਆਈ" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Pedagógia" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ਹੰਗਰੀਆਈ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%84%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%BE%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%AA%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Մանկավարժություն – ਅਰਮੀਨੀਆਈ" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Մանկավարժություն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="ਅਰਮੀਨੀਆਈ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%84%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%BE%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%AA%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%AB%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Մանկավարժութիւն – ਪੱਛਮੀ ਆਰਮੇਨੀਆਈ" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Մանկավարժութիւն" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="ਪੱਛਮੀ ਆਰਮੇਨੀਆਈ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pedagogia" title="Pedagogia – ਇੰਟਰਲਿੰਗੁਆ" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Pedagogia" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="ਇੰਟਰਲਿੰਗੁਆ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pedagogi" title="Pedagogi – ਇੰਡੋਨੇਸ਼ੀਆਈ" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Pedagogi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="ਇੰਡੋਨੇਸ਼ੀਆਈ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pedagogio" title="Pedagogio – ਇਡੂ" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Pedagogio" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ਇਡੂ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uppeldisfr%C3%A6%C3%B0i" title="Uppeldisfræði – ਆਈਸਲੈਂਡਿਕ" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Uppeldisfræði" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="ਆਈਸਲੈਂਡਿਕ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pedagogia" title="Pedagogia – ਇਤਾਲਵੀ" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Pedagogia" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="ਇਤਾਲਵੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%95%99%E8%82%B2%E5%AD%A6" title="教育学 – ਜਪਾਨੀ" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="教育学" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="ਜਪਾਨੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/ctuske" title="ctuske – ਲੋਜਬਾਨ" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="ctuske" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="ਲੋਜਬਾਨ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9E%E1%83%94%E1%83%93%E1%83%90%E1%83%92%E1%83%9D%E1%83%92%E1%83%98%E1%83%99%E1%83%90" title="პედაგოგიკა – ਜਾਰਜੀਆਈ" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="პედაგოგიკა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="ਜਾਰਜੀਆਈ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pedagogika_termini" title="Pedagogika termini – ਕਰਾਕਲਪਾਕ" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Pedagogika termini" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="ਕਰਾਕਲਪਾਕ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Педагогика – ਕਜ਼ਾਖ਼" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Педагогика" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="ਕਜ਼ਾਖ਼" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B5%90%EC%9C%A1%ED%95%99" title="교육학 – ਕੋਰੀਆਈ" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="교육학" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="ਕੋਰੀਆਈ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Педагогика – ਕਿਰਗੀਜ਼" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Педагогика" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="ਕਿਰਗੀਜ਼" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paedagogia" title="Paedagogia – ਲਾਤੀਨੀ" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Paedagogia" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="ਲਾਤੀਨੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pedagogik" title="Pedagogik – ਲਕਜ਼ਮਬਰਗਿਸ਼" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Pedagogik" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="ਲਕਜ਼ਮਬਰਗਿਸ਼" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pedagogie" title="Pedagogie – ਲਿਮਬੁਰਗੀ" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Pedagogie" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="ਲਿਮਬੁਰਗੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pedagogia" title="Pedagogia – ਲਾਡੀਨੋ" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Pedagogia" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="ਲਾਡੀਨੋ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%B6%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%94" title="ສຶກສາສາດ – ਲਾਓ" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ສຶກສາສາດ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="ਲਾਓ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ugdymas" title="Ugdymas – ਲਿਥੁਆਨੀਅਨ" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Ugdymas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="ਲਿਥੁਆਨੀਅਨ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pedago%C4%A3ija" title="Pedagoģija – ਲਾਤੀਵੀ" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Pedagoģija" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="ਲਾਤੀਵੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0" title="शिक्षाशास्त्र – ਮੈਥਲੀ" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="शिक्षाशास्त्र" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="ਮੈਥਲੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8C" title="Педагогикась – ਮੋਕਸ਼ਾ" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Педагогикась" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="ਮੋਕਸ਼ਾ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Педагогија – ਮੈਕਡੋਨੀਆਈ" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Педагогија" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="ਮੈਕਡੋਨੀਆਈ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AC%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%A7%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%B6%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%82" title="ബോധനശാസ്ത്രം – ਮਲਿਆਲਮ" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ബോധനശാസ്ത്രം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="ਮਲਿਆਲਮ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D1%85%D2%AF%D0%BC%D2%AF%D2%AF%D0%B6%D2%AF%D2%AF%D0%BB%D1%8D%D1%85_%D1%83%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Сурган хүмүүжүүлэх ухаан – ਮੰਗੋਲੀ" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Сурган хүмүүжүүлэх ухаан" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="ਮੰਗੋਲੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%A7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%A8" title="अध्यापन – ਮਰਾਠੀ" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="अध्यापन" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="ਮਰਾਠੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pedagogi" title="Pedagogi – ਮਲਯ" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Pedagogi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="ਮਲਯ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%B4" title="پرورش – ਮੇਜ਼ੈਂਡਰਾਨੀ" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="پرورش" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="ਮੇਜ਼ੈਂਡਰਾਨੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%A3_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%BF" title="शिक्षण विधि – ਨੇਪਾਲੀ" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="शिक्षण विधि" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="ਨੇਪਾਲੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pedagogiek" title="Pedagogiek – ਡੱਚ" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Pedagogiek" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="ਡੱਚ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pedagogikk" title="Pedagogikk – ਨਾਰਵੇਜਿਆਈ ਨਿਓਨੌਰਸਕ" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Pedagogikk" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="ਨਾਰਵੇਜਿਆਈ ਨਿਓਨੌਰਸਕ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pedagogikk" title="Pedagogikk – ਨਾਰਵੇਜਿਆਈ ਬੋਕਮਲ" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Pedagogikk" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="ਨਾਰਵੇਜਿਆਈ ਬੋਕਮਲ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pedagogia" title="Pedagogia – ਓਕਸੀਟਾਨ" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Pedagogia" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="ਓਕਸੀਟਾਨ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pedagogika" title="Pedagogika – ਪੋਲੈਂਡੀ" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Pedagogika" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="ਪੋਲੈਂਡੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%AF%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="تدریسیات – ਪੰਜਾਬੀ (ਸ਼ਾਹਮੁਖੀ)" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="تدریسیات" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ (ਸ਼ਾਹਮੁਖੀ)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B2%D9%86%D9%BE%D9%88%D9%87%D9%86%D9%87" title="روزنپوهنه – ਪਸ਼ਤੋ" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="روزنپوهنه" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="ਪਸ਼ਤੋ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pedagogia" title="Pedagogia – ਪੁਰਤਗਾਲੀ" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Pedagogia" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="ਪੁਰਤਗਾਲੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pedagogie" title="Pedagogie – ਰੋਮਾਨੀਆਈ" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Pedagogie" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="ਰੋਮਾਨੀਆਈ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Педагогика – ਰੂਸੀ" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Педагогика" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="ਰੂਸੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B0%D2%91%D0%BE%D2%91%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Педаґоґіка – ਰੁਸਿਨ" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Педаґоґіка" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="ਰੁਸਿਨ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pedagogija" title="Pedagogija – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Pedagogija" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%85%E0%B6%B0%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%B4%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%9A%E0%B6%AF%E0%B6%BA" title="අධ්‍යාපනවේදය – ਸਿੰਹਾਲਾ" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="අධ්‍යාපනවේදය" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="ਸਿੰਹਾਲਾ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pedagogy" title="Pedagogy – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Pedagogy" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pedag%C3%B3gia" title="Pedagógia – ਸਲੋਵਾਕ" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Pedagógia" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="ਸਲੋਵਾਕ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pedagogika" title="Pedagogika – ਸਲੋਵੇਨੀਆਈ" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Pedagogika" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="ਸਲੋਵੇਨੀਆਈ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pedagogjia" title="Pedagogjia – ਅਲਬਾਨੀਆਈ" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Pedagogjia" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="ਅਲਬਾਨੀਆਈ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="ਚੰਗੇ ਲੇਖ"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Педагогија – ਸਰਬੀਆਈ" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Педагогија" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="ਸਰਬੀਆਈ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%A9dagogi" title="Pédagogi – ਸੂੰਡਾਨੀ" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Pédagogi" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="ਸੂੰਡਾਨੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pedagogik" title="Pedagogik – ਸਵੀਡਿਸ਼" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Pedagogik" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="ਸਵੀਡਿਸ਼" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BC%D3%AF%D0%B7%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D3%A3" title="Омӯзгорӣ – ਤਾਜਿਕ" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Омӯзгорӣ" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="ਤਾਜਿਕ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%B6%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C" title="ศึกษาศาสตร์ – ਥਾਈ" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ศึกษาศาสตร์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="ਥਾਈ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pedagoji" title="Pedagoji – ਤੁਰਕੀ" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Pedagoji" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="ਤੁਰਕੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%89%D9%BE" title="مائارىپ – ਉਇਗੁਰ" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="مائارىپ" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="ਉਇਗੁਰ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Педагогіка – ਯੂਕਰੇਨੀਆਈ" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Педагогіка" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ਯੂਕਰੇਨੀਆਈ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%AF%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="تدریسیات – ਉਰਦੂ" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="تدریسیات" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="ਉਰਦੂ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pedagogika" title="Pedagogika – ਉਜ਼ਬੇਕ" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Pedagogika" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="ਉਜ਼ਬੇਕ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ph%C6%B0%C6%A1ng_ph%C3%A1p_gi%C3%A1o_d%E1%BB%A5c" title="Phương pháp giáo dục – ਵੀਅਤਨਾਮੀ" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Phương pháp giáo dục" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="ਵੀਅਤਨਾਮੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scolyince" title="Scolyince – ਵਲੂਨ" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Scolyince" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="ਵਲੂਨ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pedagohiya" title="Pedagohiya – ਵੈਰੇ" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Pedagohiya" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="ਵੈਰੇ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%95%99%E8%82%B2%E5%AD%A6" title="教育学 – ਚੀਨੀ ਵੂ" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="教育学" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="ਚੀਨੀ ਵੂ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%95%99%E8%82%B2%E5%AD%A6" title="教育学 – ਚੀਨੀ" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="教育学" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="ਚੀਨੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%A0u-io%CC%8Dk-ha%CC%8Dk" title="Kàu-io̍k-ha̍k – ਚੀਨੀ ਮਿਨ ਨਾਨ" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Kàu-io̍k-ha̍k" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="ਚੀਨੀ ਮਿਨ ਨਾਨ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%95%99%E8%82%B2%E5%AD%B8" title="教育學 – ਕੈਂਟੋਨੀਜ਼" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="教育學" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="ਕੈਂਟੋਨੀਜ਼" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q7922#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="ਅੰਤਰਭਾਸ਼ਾਈ ਕੜੀਆਂ ਸੋਧੋ" class="wbc-editpage">ਜੋੜ ਸੋਧੋ</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="ਨਾਂ-ਥਾਂ"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div 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"Vitruvian Man"" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Da_Vinci_Vitruve_Luc_Viatour.jpg/180px-Da_Vinci_Vitruve_Luc_Viatour.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="245" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Da_Vinci_Vitruve_Luc_Viatour.jpg/270px-Da_Vinci_Vitruve_Luc_Viatour.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Da_Vinci_Vitruve_Luc_Viatour.jpg/360px-Da_Vinci_Vitruve_Luc_Viatour.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2258" data-file-height="3070" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading navbox-abovebelow" style="padding:0.15em 0.2em 0.2em;"> ਅਨੁਸ਼ਾਸਨ</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding-top:0.2em;padding-bottom:0.6em;">  • <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%B2%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%9A%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%95_%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BF%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%86_%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ਆਲੋਚਨਾਤਮਕ ਸਿੱਖਿਆ ਸ਼ਾਸਤਰ (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">ਆਲੋਚਨਾਤਮਕ ਸਿੱਖਿਆ ਸ਼ਾਸਤਰ</a></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading navbox-abovebelow" style="padding:0.15em 0.2em 0.2em;"> Research framework</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding-top:0.2em;padding-bottom:0.6em;"> <p> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Participant_observation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Participant observation (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">Participant observation</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Holism_in_science&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Holism in science (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">Holism</a> </p>  • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Reflexivity_(social_theory)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Reflexivity (social theory) (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">Reflexivity</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cultural_relativism&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cultural relativism (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">Cultural relativism</a></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading navbox-abovebelow" style="padding:0.15em 0.2em 0.2em;"> ਪ੍ਰਮੁੱਖ ਸਿਧਾਂਤ</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding-top:0.2em;padding-bottom:0.6em;"> <p> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%B2%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%9A%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%95_%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BF%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%86_%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ਆਲੋਚਨਾਤਮਕ ਸਿੱਖਿਆ ਸ਼ਾਸਤਰ (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">ਆਲੋਚਨਾਤਮਕ ਸਿੱਖਿਆ ਸ਼ਾਸਤਰ</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%BC%E0%A9%81%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%AE-%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%A7%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BF%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%86&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ਜ਼ੁਲਮ-ਵਿਰੋਧੀ ਸਿੱਖਿਆ (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">ਜ਼ੁਲਮ-ਵਿਰੋਧੀ ਸਿੱਖਿਆ</a><br /> </p>  • <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%AA%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%96-%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%A7%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%AA%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A0%E0%A8%95%E0%A9%8D%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%AE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ਪੱਖ-ਵਿਰੋਧੀ ਪਾਠਕ੍ਰਮ (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">ਪੱਖ-ਵਿਰੋਧੀ ਪਾਠਕ੍ਰਮ</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%A5%E0%A9%80-%E0%A8%95%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%82%E0%A8%A6%E0%A9%8D%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%A4_%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BF%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%86&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ਵਿਦਿਆਰਥੀ-ਕੇਂਦ੍ਰਿਤ ਸਿੱਖਿਆ (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">ਵਿਦਿਆਰਥੀ-ਕੇਂਦ੍ਰਿਤ ਸਿੱਖਿਆ</a></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading navbox-abovebelow" style="padding:0.15em 0.2em 0.2em;"> ਪ੍ਰਮੁੱਖ ਸੰਕਲਪ</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding-top:0.2em;padding-bottom:0.6em;">  • <a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BF%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%86" title="ਸਿੱਖਿਆ">ਸਿੱਖਿਆ</a> • <a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%9C" title="ਸਮਾਜ">ਸਮਾਜ</a> • <a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%B8%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%AD%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%9A%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B0" title="ਸੱਭਿਆਚਾਰ">ਸੱਭਿਆਚਾਰ</a></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r627784"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r769404">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a 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href="/wiki/%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8:EditPage/%E0%A8%AB%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%BE:%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BF%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%86_%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%B0" title="ਖ਼ਾਸ:EditPage/ਫਰਮਾ:ਸਿੱਖਿਆ ਸ਼ਾਸਤਰ"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>ਸਿੱਖਿਆ ਸ਼ਾਸਤਰ</b> (ਅੰਗਰੇਜ਼ੀ: Pedagogy) ਅਧਿਆਪਨ ਦੀ <a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%BE" title="ਕਲਾ">ਕਲਾ</a> ਅਤੇ <a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%A8" title="ਵਿਗਿਆਨ">ਵਿਗਿਆਨ</a> ਨੂੰ ਕਿਹਾ ਜਾਂਦਾ ਹੈ। ਇਸ ਵਿੱਚ ਇਹ ਅਧਿਐਨ ਕੀਤਾ ਜਾਂਦਾ ਹੈ ਕਿ ਸਭ ਤੋਂ ਵਧੀਆ ਢੰਗ ਨਾਲ ਕਿਵੇਂ ਪੜ੍ਹਾਇਆ ਜਾ ਸਕਦਾ ਹੈ। ਇਸਦਾ ਟੀਚਾ ਸਧਾਰਨ ਸਿੱਖਿਆ(ਮਨੁੱਖ ਦਾ ਸੰਪੂਰਨ ਵਿਕਾਸ) ਤੋਂ ਲੈ ਕੇ ਵਿਸ਼ੇਸ਼ ਸਿੱਖਿਆ(ਵਿਸ਼ੇਸ਼ ਮੁਹਾਰਤ ਹਾਸਿਲ ਕਰਨ ਲਈ) ਤੱਕ ਹੋ ਸਕਦਾ ਹੈ। </p><p>ਉਦਾਹਰਨ ਦੇ ਤੌਰ ਉੱਤੇ <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%AA%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%89%E0%A8%B2%E0%A9%8B_%E0%A8%AB%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%87&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ਪਾਉਲੋ ਫ਼ਰੇਰੇ (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">ਪਾਉਲੋ ਫ਼ਰੇਰੇ</a> ਆਪਣੇ ਪੜ੍ਹਾਉਣ ਦੇ ਤਰੀਕੇ ਨੂੰ "<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%B2%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%9A%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%95_%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BF%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%86_%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ਆਲੋਚਨਾਤਮਕ ਸਿੱਖਿਆ ਸ਼ਾਸਤਰ (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">ਆਲੋਚਨਾਤਮਕ ਸਿੱਖਿਆ ਸ਼ਾਸਤਰ</a>" ਕਹਿੰਦਾ ਸੀ। </p><p>ਪੈਡਗੋਜੀ (/ pɛdəddi /) ਉਹ ਅਨੁਸ਼ਾਸ਼ਨ ਹੈ ਜੋ ਅਧਿਆਪਨ ਦੇ ਸਿਧਾਂਤ ਅਤੇ ਅਭਿਆਸ ਨਾਲ ਸਬੰਧਤ ਹੈ ਅਤੇ ਇਹ ਇਸ ਤੱਥ ਤੇ ਧਿਆਨ ਦਿੰਦਾ ਹੈ ਕਿ ਅਧਿਆਪਨ ਕਿਵੇਂ ਵਿਦਿਆਰਥੀ ਨੂੰ ਸਿੱਖਣ ਨੂੰ ਪ੍ਰਭਾਵਿਤ ਕਰਦਾ ਹੈ।.<sup id="cite_ref-CollinsED_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CollinsED-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-CambridgeED_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CambridgeED-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ਸਿੱਖਿਆ ਸ਼ਾਸਤਰ, ਸਿੱਖਣ ਦੇ ਸਿਧਾਂਤਾਂ, ਵਿਦਿਆਰਥੀਆਂ ਦੀ ਸਮਝ, ਜ਼ਰੂਰਤਾਂ ਅਤੇ ਉਹਨਾਂ ਦੇ ਵਿਅਕਤੀਗਤ ਪਿਛੋਕੜ ਅਤੇ ਹਿੱਤਾਂ ਨੂੰ ਧਿਆਨ ਵਿੱਚ ਰੱਖਦੇ ਹੋਏ ਅਧਿਆਪਨ ਕਿਰਿਆਵਾਂ, ਫੈਸਲਿਆਂ ਅਤੇ ਸਿੱਖਿਆ ਦੀਆਂ ਰਣਨੀਤੀਆਂ ਨੂੰ ਨਿਰਧਰਤ ਕਰਦਾ ਹੈ।<sup id="cite_ref-:0_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:1_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ਪੈਡਗੋਜੀ ਇਸ ਗੱਲ ਨਾਲ ਵੀ ਵਾਵਸਤਾ ਹੈ ਕਿ ਅਧਿਆਪਕ ਕਿਵੇਂ ਵਿਦਿਆਰਥੀਆਂ ਨਾਲ ਰੂਬਰੂ ਹੁੰਦਾ ਹੈ ਅਤੇ ਸਮਾਜਿਕ ਅਤੇ ਬੌਧਿਕ ਵਾਤਾਵਰਣ ਦਾ ਨਿਰਮਾਣ ਕਰਦਾ ਹੈ। ਇਸਦੇ ਟੀਚਿਆਂ ਵਿੱਚ ਸਿੱਖਿਆ ਦੇ ਵਿਆਪਕ ਦ੍ਰਿਸ਼ਟੀਕੋਣ (ਮਨੁੱਖੀ ਸੰਭਾਵਨਾ ਦਾ ਵਿਕਾਸ) ਤੋਂ ਲੈ ਕੇ ਸਿੱਖਿਆ ਦੇ ਸੰਕੁਚਿਤ ਦ੍ਰਿਸ਼ਟੀਕੋਣ ਵੋਕੇਸ਼ਨਲ ਉਦੇਸ਼ (ਵਿਸ਼ੇਸ਼ ਹੁਨਰ ਦੇਣ ਅਤੇ ਪ੍ਰਾਪਤ ਕਰਨ) ਲਈ ਦੇਣਾ ਤੱਕ ਸ਼ਾਮਿਲ ਹੁੰਦੇ ਹਨ। </p><p>ਸਿੱਖਿਆਦਾਇਕ ਰਣਨੀਤੀਆਂ ਵਿਦਿਆਰਥੀ ਦੇ <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%AA%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%9B%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%95%E0%A9%9C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ਪਿਛੋਕੜ (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">ਪਿਛੋਕੜ</a> ਦੇ <a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%A8" title="ਗਿਆਨ">ਗਿਆਨ</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%85%E0%A8%A8%E0%A9%81%E0%A8%AD%E0%A8%B5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ਅਨੁਭਵ (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">ਅਨੁਭਵ</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%A5%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%A4%E0%A9%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ਸਥਿਤੀ (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">ਸਥਿਤੀ</a> ਅਤੇ <a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="ਵਾਤਾਵਰਨ">ਵਾਤਾਵਰਨ</a> ਦੇ ਨਾਲ-ਨਾਲ <a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%85%E0%A8%A7%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%AA%E0%A8%95" title="ਅਧਿਆਪਕ">ਅਧਿਆਪਕ</a> ਅਤੇ <a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%A5%E0%A9%80" title="ਵਿਦਿਆਰਥੀ">ਵਿਦਿਆਰਥੀ</a> ਦੁਆਰਾ ਨਿਰਧਾਰਤ ਟੀਚਿਆਂ ਰਾਹੀਂ ਵੀ ਨਿਯੰਤ੍ਰਿਤ ਹੁੰਦੀਆਂ ਹਨ। ਇਸ ਦੀ <a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%87%E0%A8%95" class="mw-redirect" title="ਇਕ">ਇਕ</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ਮਿਸਾਲ (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">ਮਿਸਾਲ</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%B8%E0%A9%81%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A4" title="ਸੁਕਰਾਤ">ਸੁਕਰਾਤ</a> ਦੀ <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BF%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%86_%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%A7%E0%A9%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ਸਿੱਖਿਆ ਵਿਧੀ (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">ਸਿੱਖਿਆ ਵਿਧੀ</a> ਹੋਵੇਗੀ।<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="ਨਿਰੁਕਤੀ_ਅਤੇ_ਉਚਾਰਨ"><span id=".E0.A8.A8.E0.A8.BF.E0.A8.B0.E0.A9.81.E0.A8.95.E0.A8.A4.E0.A9.80_.E0.A8.85.E0.A8.A4.E0.A9.87_.E0.A8.89.E0.A8.9A.E0.A8.BE.E0.A8.B0.E0.A8.A8"></span>ਨਿਰੁਕਤੀ ਅਤੇ ਉਚਾਰਨ</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BF%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%86_%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%B0&action=edit&section=1" title="ਭਾਗ ਸੋਧ: ਨਿਰੁਕਤੀ ਅਤੇ ਉਚਾਰਨ"><span>ਸੋਧੋ</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>ਪੈਡਗੋਜੀ (/ pɛdəddi /) ਸ਼ਬਦ ਯੂਨਾਨੀ ਸ਼ਬਦ <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ancient_Greek&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ancient Greek (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">Greek</a> <strong class="error"><span class="scribunto-error mw-scribunto-error-c2889832">Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Lang/data/iana scripts' not found.</span></strong> (<i>paidagōgia</i>), from <strong class="error"><span class="scribunto-error mw-scribunto-error-c2889832">Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Lang/data/iana scripts' not found.</span></strong> (<i>paidagōgos</i>) ਤੋਂ ਨਿਕਲਿਆ ਹੈ ਜੋ ਕਿ <strong class="error"><span class="scribunto-error mw-scribunto-error-c2889832">Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Lang/data/iana scripts' not found.</span></strong> (<i>ágō</i>) " ਮੈਂ ਅਗਵਾਈ ਕਰਦਾ ਹਾਂ " <strong class="error"><span class="scribunto-error mw-scribunto-error-c2889832">Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Lang/data/iana scripts' not found.</span></strong> (<strong class="error"><span class="scribunto-error mw-scribunto-error-c2889832">Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Lang/data/iana scripts' not found.</span></strong>, genitive <strong class="error"><span class="scribunto-error mw-scribunto-error-c2889832">Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Lang/data/iana scripts' not found.</span></strong>, <strong class="error"><span class="scribunto-error mw-scribunto-error-c2889832">Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Lang/data/iana scripts' not found.</span></strong>) ਮਤਲਬ " ਬੱਚਾ " ਅਤੇ ਇਹ ਦੋਵੇਂ ਮਿਲ ਕੇ ਇਕੱਠਾ " ਬੱਚੇ ਦੀ ਅਗਵਾਈ ਕਰਨਾ " ਜਾਂ " ਬੱਚੇ ਨੂੰ ਅਗਵਾਈ ਦੇਣਾ " ਦਾ ਭਾਵ ਦਿੰਦਾ ਹੈ।.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ਇਸ ਦਾ ਉਚਾਰਨ <span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%A6:IPA/English&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ਮਦਦ:IPA/English (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'p' in 'pie'">p</span><span title="/ɛ/: 'e' in 'dress'">ɛ</span><span title="'d' in 'dye'">d</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span><span title="/ɡ/: 'g' in 'guy'">ɡ</span><span title="/ɒ/: 'o' in 'body'">ɒ</span><span title="/dʒ/: 'j' in 'jam'">dʒ</span><span title="/i/: 'y' in 'happy'">i</span></span>/</a></span></span>, <span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%A6:IPA/English&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ਮਦਦ:IPA/English (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'p' in 'pie'">p</span><span title="/ɛ/: 'e' in 'dress'">ɛ</span><span title="'d' in 'dye'">d</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span><span title="/ɡ/: 'g' in 'guy'">ɡ</span><span title="/oʊ/: 'o' in 'code'">oʊ</span><span title="/dʒ/: 'j' in 'jam'">dʒ</span><span title="/i/: 'y' in 'happy'">i</span></span>/</a></span></span>, or <span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%A6:IPA/English&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ਮਦਦ:IPA/English (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'p' in 'pie'">p</span><span title="/ɛ/: 'e' in 'dress'">ɛ</span><span title="'d' in 'dye'">d</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span><span title="/ɡ/: 'g' in 'guy'">ɡ</span><span title="/ɒ/: 'o' in 'body'">ɒ</span><span title="/ɡ/: 'g' in 'guy'">ɡ</span><span title="/i/: 'y' in 'happy'">i</span></span>/</a></span></span>.<sup id="cite_ref-CollinsED_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CollinsED-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-CambridgeED_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CambridgeED-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ਹੈ। </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="ਹਵਾਲੇ"><span id=".E0.A8.B9.E0.A8.B5.E0.A8.BE.E0.A8.B2.E0.A9.87"></span>ਹਵਾਲੇ</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BF%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%86_%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%B0&action=edit&section=2" title="ਭਾਗ ਸੋਧ: ਹਵਾਲੇ"><span>ਸੋਧੋ</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-CollinsED-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-CollinsED_1-0">1.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-CollinsED_1-1">1.1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r765793">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/pedagogy">"Definition of "pedagogy" - Collins English Dictionary"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Definition+of+%22pedagogy%22+-+Collins+English+Dictionary&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.collinsdictionary.com%2Fdictionary%2Fenglish%2Fpedagogy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpa.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BF%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%86+%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%B0" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CambridgeED-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-CambridgeED_2-0">2.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-CambridgeED_2-1">2.1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r765793"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/british/pedagogy?q=pedagogy">"pedagogy noun - definition in British English Dictionary & Thesaurus - Cambridge Dictionary Online"</a>. Dictionary.cambridge.org. 2012-10-10<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2012-10-29</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=pedagogy+noun+-+definition+in+British+English+Dictionary+%26+Thesaurus+-+Cambridge+Dictionary+Online&rft.pub=Dictionary.cambridge.org&rft.date=2012-10-10&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdictionary.cambridge.org%2Fdictionary%2Fbritish%2Fpedagogy%3Fq%3Dpedagogy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpa.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BF%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%86+%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%B0" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r765793"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180321192727/https://childaustralia.org.au/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/CA-Statement-Pedagogy.pdf">"What is Pedagogy?"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Child Australia</i>. 2017. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://childaustralia.org.au/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/CA-Statement-Pedagogy.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 21 ਮਾਰਚ 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 March</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Child+Australia&rft.atitle=What+is+Pedagogy%3F&rft.date=2017&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fchildaustralia.org.au%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2017%2F02%2FCA-Statement-Pedagogy.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpa.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BF%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%86+%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%B0" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%AB%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%BE:Cite_web" title="ਫਰਮਾ:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Cite has empty unknown parameter: <code class="cs1-code">|dead-url=</code> (<a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%A6:CS1_errors#param_unknown_empty" title="ਮਦਦ:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-:0_4-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r765793"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170215012650/http://www.education.vic.gov.au/Documents/school/teachers/support/learnteachbgpaper.pdf">"Blueprint for government schools. Flagship strategy 1: Student Learning. The Principles of Learning and Teaching P-12 Background Paper"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Department of Education and Training Victoria. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.education.vic.gov.au/Documents/school/teachers/support/learnteachbgpaper.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 15 ਫ਼ਰਵਰੀ 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 June</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Blueprint+for+government+schools.+Flagship+strategy+1%3A+Student+Learning.+The+Principles+of+Learning+and+Teaching+P-12+Background+Paper&rft.pub=Department+of+Education+and+Training+Victoria&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.education.vic.gov.au%2FDocuments%2Fschool%2Fteachers%2Fsupport%2Flearnteachbgpaper.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpa.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BF%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%86+%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%B0" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%AB%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%BE:Cite_web" title="ਫਰਮਾ:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Unknown parameter <code class="cs1-code">|dead-url=</code> ignored (<code class="cs1-code">|url-status=</code> suggested) (<a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%A6:CS1_errors#parameter_ignored_suggest" title="ਮਦਦ:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-:1_5-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r765793"><cite id="CITEREFShulman1987" class="citation journal cs1">Shulman, Lee (1987). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://people.ucsc.edu/~ktellez/shulman.pdf">"Knowledge and Teaching: Foundations of the New Reform"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Harvard Educational Review</i>. <b>15</b> (2): 4–14<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 June</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Harvard+Educational+Review&rft.atitle=Knowledge+and+Teaching%3A+Foundations+of+the+New+Reform&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=4-14&rft.date=1987&rft.aulast=Shulman&rft.aufirst=Lee&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpeople.ucsc.edu%2F~ktellez%2Fshulman.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpa.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BF%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%86+%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%B0" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Petrie et al. (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://eprints.ioe.ac.uk/58/1/may_18_09_Ped_BRIEFING__PAPER_JB_PP_.pdf">Pedagogy – a holistic, personal approach to work with children and young people, across services. p. 4.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220315160810/http://eprints.ioe.ac.uk/58/1/may_18_09_Ped_BRIEFING__PAPER_JB_PP_.pdf">Archived</a> 2022-03-15 at the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wayback_Machine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wayback Machine (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">Wayback Machine</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.etymonline.com/indexable?term=pedagogy">"pedagogy"</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%95%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%AA%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%A1%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%86:Link_rot" title="ਵਿਕੀਪੀਡੀਆ:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged ਦਸੰਬਰ 2021">permanent dead link</span></a></i>]</span></sup>. <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Online_Etymology_Dictionary&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Online Etymology Dictionary (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">Online Etymology Dictionary</a></i>.</span> </li> </ol>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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