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[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Ingia</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Tovuti"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Yaliyomo" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Yaliyomo</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">hamishia kwenye mwambaa upande</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">ficha</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Mwanzo</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Utoto_wake" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Utoto_wake"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Utoto wake</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Utoto_wake-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hali_yake_kabla_ya_kupewa_utume" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hali_yake_kabla_ya_kupewa_utume"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Hali yake kabla ya kupewa utume</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hali_yake_kabla_ya_kupewa_utume-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kuanza_utume" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kuanza_utume"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Kuanza utume</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kuanza_utume-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Maisha_yake_Makka" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Maisha_yake_Makka"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Maisha yake Makka</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Maisha_yake_Makka-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Miaka_13_ya_utume_Makka" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Miaka_13_ya_utume_Makka"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Miaka 13 ya utume Makka</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Miaka_13_ya_utume_Makka-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kuhamia_Madina_na_mwanzo_wa_Umma" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kuhamia_Madina_na_mwanzo_wa_Umma"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Kuhamia Madina na mwanzo wa Umma</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kuhamia_Madina_na_mwanzo_wa_Umma-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Wake_zake" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Wake_zake"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Wake zake</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Wake_zake-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Marejeo" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Marejeo"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Marejeo</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Marejeo-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Viungo_vya_nje" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Viungo_vya_nje"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Viungo vya nje</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Viungo_vya_nje-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kujisomea" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kujisomea"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Kujisomea</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Kujisomea-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Kujisomea subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Kujisomea-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Kamusi_elezo" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kamusi_elezo"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.1</span> <span>Kamusi elezo</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kamusi_elezo-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Yaliyomo" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Geuza uonekanaji wa yaliyomo" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Geuza uonekanaji wa yaliyomo</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Muhammad</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Nenda kwenye makala kwa lugha nyingine. Lugha 216 zinapatikana" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-216" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Lugha 216</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ace mw-list-item"><a href="https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad" title="Muhammad – Kiacheni" lang="ace" hreflang="ace" data-title="Muhammad" data-language-autonym="Acèh" data-language-local-name="Kiacheni" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Acèh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ady mw-list-item"><a href="https://ady.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%85%D1%8C%D1%8D%D0%BB%D3%8F%D1%8B%D0%BA%D3%8F%D0%BE_%D0%9C%D1%8B%D1%85%D1%8C%D1%8D%D0%BC%D1%8D%D1%82" title="Тхьэлӏыкӏо Мыхьэмэт – Kiadyghe" lang="ady" hreflang="ady" data-title="Тхьэлӏыкӏо Мыхьэмэт" data-language-autonym="Адыгабзэ" data-language-local-name="Kiadyghe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Адыгабзэ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohammed" title="Mohammed – Kiafrikana" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Mohammed" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Kiafrikana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohammed" title="Mohammed – Kijerumani cha Uswisi" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Mohammed" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Kijerumani cha Uswisi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%88%98%E1%88%90%E1%88%98%E1%8B%B5" title="መሐመድ – Kiamhari" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="መሐመድ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Kiamhari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahoma" title="Mahoma – Kiaragoni" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Mahoma" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Kiaragoni" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahomet" title="Mahomet – Kiingereza cha Kale" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Mahomet" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Kiingereza cha Kale" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A6" title="मुहम्मद – Kiangika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="मुहम्मद" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="Kiangika" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF" title="محمد – Kiarabu" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="محمد" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Kiarabu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%A1%DC%98%DC%9A%DC%A1%DC%95" title="ܡܘܚܡܕ – Kiaramu" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܡܘܚܡܕ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="Kiaramu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ܐܪܡܝܐ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF" title="محمد – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="محمد" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF" title="محمد – Kiarabu cha Misri" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="محمد" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Kiarabu cha Misri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A6" title="মুহাম্মাদ – Kiassam" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="মুহাম্মাদ" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Kiassam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahoma" title="Mahoma – Kiasturia" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Mahoma" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Kiasturia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%83%D1%85%D3%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B4" title="МухӀаммад – Kiavari" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="МухӀаммад" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="Kiavari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Авар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C9%99h%C9%99mm%C9%99d" title="Məhəmməd – Kiazerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Məhəmməd" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Kiazerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D8%B6%D8%B1%D8%AA_%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF" title="حضرت محمد – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="حضرت محمد" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D3%A9%D1%85%D3%99%D0%BC%D0%BC%D3%99%D1%82_(%D0%9F%D3%99%D0%B9%D2%93%D3%99%D0%BC%D0%B1%D3%99%D1%80)" title="Мөхәммәт (Пәйғәмбәр) – Kibashkiri" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Мөхәммәт (Пәйғәмбәр)" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Kibashkiri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahuomets" title="Mahuomets – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Mahuomets" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahoma" title="Mahoma – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Mahoma" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82" title="Магамет – Kibelarusi" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Магамет" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Kibelarusi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%83%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B4" title="Мухамад – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Мухамад" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad" title="Muhammad – Betawi" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Muhammad" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="Betawi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Betawi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%B4" title="Мохамед – Kibulgaria" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Мохамед" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Kibulgaria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A6" title="मुहम्मद – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="मुहम्मद" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bi mw-list-item"><a href="https://bi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammed" title="Muhammed – Kibislama" lang="bi" hreflang="bi" data-title="Muhammed" data-language-autonym="Bislama" data-language-local-name="Kibislama" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bislama</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bjn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bjn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad" title="Muhammad – Banjar" lang="bjn" hreflang="bjn" data-title="Muhammad" data-language-autonym="Banjar" data-language-local-name="Banjar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Banjar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bm mw-list-item"><a href="https://bm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammed" title="Muhammed – Kibambara" lang="bm" hreflang="bm" data-title="Muhammed" data-language-autonym="Bamanankan" data-language-local-name="Kibambara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bamanankan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A6" title="মুহাম্মাদ – Kibengali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="মুহাম্মাদ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Kibengali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%98%E0%BD%B4%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A7%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%98%E0%BD%91%E0%BC%8D" title="མུ་ཧ་མད། – Kitibeti" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="མུ་ཧ་མད།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="Kitibeti" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahomed" title="Mahomed – Kibretoni" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Mahomed" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Kibretoni" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammed" title="Muhammed – Kibosnia" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Muhammed" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Kibosnia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-btm mw-list-item"><a href="https://btm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad" title="Muhammad – Batak Mandailing" lang="btm" hreflang="btm" data-title="Muhammad" data-language-autonym="Batak Mandailing" data-language-local-name="Batak Mandailing" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Batak Mandailing</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%83%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%B4" title="Мухаммед – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Мухаммед" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahoma" title="Mahoma – Kikatalani" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Mahoma" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Kikatalani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad" title="Muhammad – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Muhammad" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%83%D1%85%D1%8C%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B4" title="Мухьаммад – Kichechenia" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Мухьаммад" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Kichechenia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahoma" title="Mahoma – Kichebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Mahoma" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Kichebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AD%DB%95%D9%85%D9%85%DB%95%D8%AF" title="محەممەد – Kikurdi cha Sorani" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="محەممەد" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Kikurdi cha Sorani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magumetu" title="Magumetu – Kikosikani" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Magumetu" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="Kikosikani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammed" title="Muhammed – Crimean Tatar" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Muhammed" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Crimean Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohamed" title="Mohamed – Kicheki" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Mohamed" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Kicheki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%83%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82_%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Мухаммет пихампар – Kichuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Мухаммет пихампар" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Kichuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad" title="Muhammad – Kiwelisi" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Muhammad" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Kiwelisi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammed" title="Muhammed – Kidenmaki" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Muhammed" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Kidenmaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dag mw-list-item"><a href="https://dag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad" title="Muhammad – Dagbani" lang="dag" hreflang="dag" data-title="Muhammad" data-language-autonym="Dagbanli" data-language-local-name="Dagbani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dagbanli</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohammed" title="Mohammed – Kijerumani" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Mohammed" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Kijerumani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dga mw-list-item"><a href="https://dga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prophet_Mohammed" title="Prophet Mohammed – Dagaare" lang="dga" hreflang="dga" data-title="Prophet Mohammed" data-language-autonym="Dagaare" data-language-local-name="Dagaare" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dagaare</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C4%B1hemmed" title="Mıhemmed – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Mıhemmed" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dtp mw-list-item"><a href="https://dtp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nabi_Muhammad_SAW" title="Nabi Muhammad SAW – Central Dusun" lang="dtp" hreflang="dtp" data-title="Nabi Muhammad SAW" data-language-autonym="Kadazandusun" data-language-local-name="Central Dusun" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kadazandusun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%89%DE%AA%DE%99%DE%A6%DE%87%DE%B0%DE%89%DE%A6%DE%8B%DE%AA%DE%8E%DE%AC%DE%8A%DE%A7%DE%82%DE%AA" title="މުޙައްމަދުގެފާނު – Kidivehi" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="މުޙައްމަދުގެފާނު" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="Kidivehi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ދިވެހިބަސް</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CF%89%CE%AC%CE%BC%CE%B5%CE%B8" title="Μωάμεθ – Kigiriki" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Μωάμεθ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Kigiriki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad" title="Muhammad – Kiingereza" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Muhammad" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Kiingereza" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohamedo" title="Mohamedo – Kiesperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Mohamedo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Kiesperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahoma" title="Mahoma – Kihispania" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Mahoma" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Kihispania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mu%E1%B8%A9ammad" title="Muḩammad – Kiestonia" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Muḩammad" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Kiestonia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahoma" title="Mahoma – Kibaski" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Mahoma" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Kibaski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahoma" title="Mahoma – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Mahoma" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF" title="محمد – Kiajemi" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="محمد" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Kiajemi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ff mw-list-item"><a href="https://ff.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nelaa%C9%97o_Muhammadu" title="Nelaaɗo Muhammadu – Kifulani" lang="ff" hreflang="ff" data-title="Nelaaɗo Muhammadu" data-language-autonym="Fulfulde" data-language-local-name="Kifulani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fulfulde</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammed" title="Muhammed – Kifini" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Muhammed" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Kifini" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhamed" title="Muhamed – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Muhamed" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammed" title="Muhammed – Kifaroe" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Muhammed" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Kifaroe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahomet" title="Mahomet – Kifaransa" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Mahomet" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Kifaransa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohamed" title="Mohamed – Kifrisia cha Kaskazini" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Mohamed" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Kifrisia cha Kaskazini" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohammed" title="Mohammed – Kifrisia cha Magharibi" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Mohammed" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Kifrisia cha Magharibi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahamad" title="Mahamad – Kiayalandi" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Mahamad" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Kiayalandi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gag mw-list-item"><a href="https://gag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammed" title="Muhammed – Kigagauz" lang="gag" hreflang="gag" data-title="Muhammed" data-language-autonym="Gagauz" data-language-local-name="Kigagauz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagauz</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A9%86%E7%BD%95%E9%BB%98%E5%BE%B7" title="穆罕默德 – Gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="穆罕默德" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="Gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahomet" title="Mahomet – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Mahomet" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohammed" title="Mohammed – Kigaeli cha Uskoti" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Mohammed" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Kigaeli cha Uskoti" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahoma" title="Mahoma – Kigalisi" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Mahoma" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Kigalisi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ma%C3%B3ma" title="Maóma – Kiguarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Maóma" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Kiguarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-got mw-list-item"><a href="https://got.wikipedia.org/wiki/%F0%90%8C%BC%F0%90%8C%BF%F0%90%8C%B7%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8C%BF%F0%90%8C%BC%F0%90%8C%BC%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8C%B3" title="𐌼𐌿𐌷𐌰𐌿𐌼𐌼𐌰𐌳 – Gothic" lang="got" hreflang="got" data-title="𐌼𐌿𐌷𐌰𐌿𐌼𐌼𐌰𐌳" data-language-autonym="𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺" data-language-local-name="Gothic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%AE%E0%AB%81%E0%AA%B9%E0%AA%AE%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%AE%E0%AA%A6" title="મુહમ્મદ – Kigujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="મુહમ્મદ" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Kigujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahommad" title="Mahommad – Kimanx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Mahommad" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Kimanx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad" title="Muhammad – Kihausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Muhammad" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Kihausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad" title="Muhammad – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Muhammad" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-haw mw-list-item"><a href="https://haw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohameka" title="Mohameka – Kihawai" lang="haw" hreflang="haw" data-title="Mohameka" data-language-autonym="Hawaiʻi" data-language-local-name="Kihawai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hawaiʻi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%97%D7%9E%D7%93" title="מוחמד – Kiebrania" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מוחמד" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Kiebrania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A6" title="मुहम्मद – Kihindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="मुहम्मद" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Kihindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohammed" title="Mohammed – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Mohammed" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhamed" title="Muhamed – Kikorasia" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Muhamed" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Kikorasia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahomet" title="Mahomet – Kihaiti" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Mahomet" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Kihaiti" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohamed_pr%C3%B3f%C3%A9ta" title="Mohamed próféta – Kihungaria" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Mohamed próféta" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Kihungaria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%84%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B0%D5%A1%D5%B4%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%A4" title="Մուհամմադ – Kiarmenia" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Մուհամմադ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Kiarmenia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahomet" title="Mahomet – Kiintalingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Mahomet" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Kiintalingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iba mw-list-item"><a href="https://iba.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad" title="Muhammad – Kiiban" lang="iba" hreflang="iba" data-title="Muhammad" data-language-autonym="Jaku Iban" data-language-local-name="Kiiban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jaku Iban</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad" title="Muhammad – Kiindonesia" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Muhammad" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Kiindonesia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhamad" title="Muhamad – lugha ya kisayansi" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Muhamad" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="lugha ya kisayansi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad" title="Muhammad – Kiigbo" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="Muhammad" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="Kiigbo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Igbo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahoma" title="Mahoma – Kiilocano" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Mahoma" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Kiilocano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%83%D1%85%D1%8C%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B4_%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Мухьаммад Пайхамар – Kiingush" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="Мухьаммад Пайхамар" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="Kiingush" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ГӀалгӀай</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhamad" title="Muhamad – Kiido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Muhamad" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Kiido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%BAhame%C3%B0" title="Múhameð – Kiisilandi" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Múhameð" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Kiisilandi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maometto" title="Maometto – Kiitaliano" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Maometto" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Kiitaliano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%A0%E3%83%8F%E3%83%B3%E3%83%9E%E3%83%89%E3%83%BB%E3%82%A4%E3%83%96%E3%83%B3%EF%BC%9D%E3%82%A2%E3%83%96%E3%83%89%E3%82%A5%E3%83%83%E3%83%A9%E3%83%BC%E3%83%95" title="ムハンマド・イブン＝アブドゥッラーフ – Kijapani" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ムハンマド・イブン＝アブドゥッラーフ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Kijapani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad" title="Muhammad – Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Muhammad" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mukamad" title="Mukamad – Kijava" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Mukamad" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Kijava" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%B0%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%93%E1%83%98" title="მაჰმადი – Kijojia" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="მაჰმადი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Kijojia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muxammed" title="Muxammed – Kara-Kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Muxammed" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Kara-Kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mu%E1%B8%A5emmed" title="Muḥemmed – Kikabylia" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Muḥemmed" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kikabylia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbd mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%85%D1%8C%D1%8D%D0%BB%D3%80%D1%8B%D0%BA%D3%80%D1%83%D1%8D_%D0%9C%D1%8B%D1%85%D1%8C%D1%8D%D0%BC%D1%8D%D0%B4" title="ТхьэлӀыкӀуэ Мыхьэмэд – Kikabardian" lang="kbd" hreflang="kbd" data-title="ТхьэлӀыкӀуэ Мыхьэмэд" data-language-autonym="Адыгэбзэ" data-language-local-name="Kikabardian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Адыгэбзэ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahomet" title="Mahomet – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Mahomet" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kcg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kcg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muwamet" title="Muwamet – Kityap" lang="kcg" hreflang="kcg" data-title="Muwamet" data-language-autonym="Tyap" data-language-local-name="Kityap" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tyap</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad" title="Muhammad – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Muhammad" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kumoring</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D2%B1%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%B4" title="Мұхаммед – Kikazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Мұхаммед" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kikazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%98%E1%9E%A0%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%98%E1%9F%89%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%8A" title="មហាម៉េដ – Kikambodia" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="មហាម៉េដ" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="Kikambodia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AE%E0%B3%81%E0%B2%B9%E0%B2%AE%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AE%E0%B2%A6%E0%B3%8D" title="ಮುಹಮ್ಮದ್ – Kikannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಮುಹಮ್ಮದ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kikannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%AC%B4%ED%95%A8%EB%A7%88%EB%93%9C" title="무함마드 – Kikorea" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="무함마드" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Kikorea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%8F%D8%AD%D9%8E%D9%85%D9%8E%D9%91%D8%AF" title="مُحَمَّد – Kikashmiri" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="مُحَمَّد" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="Kikashmiri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhemmed" title="Muhemmed – Kikurdi" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Muhemmed" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kikurdi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahomm" title="Mahomm – Kikorni" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Mahomm" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Kikorni" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%83%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%B4_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Мухаммед пайгамбар – Kikyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Мухаммед пайгамбар" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kikyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahometus" title="Mahometus – Kilatini" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Mahometus" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Kilatini" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhamad" title="Muhamad – Kiladino" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Muhamad" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="Kiladino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohammed" title="Mohammed – Kilasembagi" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Mohammed" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Kilasembagi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lbe mw-list-item"><a href="https://lbe.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%83%D1%85%D3%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B4_%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%81" title="МухӀаммад идавс – Lak" lang="lbe" hreflang="lbe" data-title="МухӀаммад идавс" data-language-autonym="Лакку" data-language-local-name="Lak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лакку</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%83%D0%B3%D1%8C%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B4" title="Мугьаммад – Kilezighian" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Мугьаммад" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="Kilezighian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad" title="Muhammad – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Muhammad" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moeamed" title="Moeamed – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Moeamed" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maomet" title="Maomet – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Maomet" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maomet" title="Maomet – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Maomet" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahometas" title="Mahometas – Kilithuania" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Mahometas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Kilithuania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhameds" title="Muhameds – Kilatvia" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Muhameds" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Kilatvia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mad mw-list-item"><a href="https://mad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad" title="Muhammad – Kimadura" lang="mad" hreflang="mad" data-title="Muhammad" data-language-autonym="Madhurâ" data-language-local-name="Kimadura" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Madhurâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohamady" title="Mohamady – Kimalagasi" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Mohamady" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Kimalagasi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B4" title="Мохаммад – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Мохаммад" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad" title="Muhammad – Kiminangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Muhammad" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="Kiminangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%83%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%B4" title="Мухамед – Kimacedonia" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Мухамед" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Kimacedonia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%B9%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%A6%E0%B5%8D" title="മുഹമ്മദ് – Kimalayalamu" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="മുഹമ്മദ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Kimalayalamu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%83%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%B4" title="Мухаммед – Kimongolia" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Мухаммед" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Kimongolia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A6" title="मोहम्मद – Kimarathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="मोहम्मद" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Kimarathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad" title="Muhammad – Kimalei" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Muhammad" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Kimalei" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mu%C4%A7ammed" title="Muħammed – Kimalta" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Muħammed" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="Kimalta" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maom%C3%A9" title="Maomé – Kimirandi" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Maomé" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="Kimirandi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%99%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%9F%E1%80%AC%E1%80%99%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA" title="မိုဟာမက် – Kiburma" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="မိုဟာမက်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Kiburma" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF" title="محمد – Kimazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="محمد" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Kimazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nah mw-list-item"><a href="https://nah.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahoma" title="Mahoma – Nahuatl" lang="nah" hreflang="nah" data-title="Mahoma" data-language-autonym="Nāhuatl" data-language-local-name="Nahuatl" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nāhuatl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mametto" title="Mametto – Kinapoli" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="Mametto" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="Kinapoli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Napulitano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohammed" title="Mohammed – Kisaksoni" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Mohammed" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Kisaksoni" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohammed" title="Mohammed – Low Saxon" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Mohammed" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="Low Saxon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A6" title="मोहम्मद – Kinepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="मोहम्मद" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Kinepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A6" title="मुहम्मद – Kinewari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="मुहम्मद" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Kinewari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohammed" title="Mohammed – Kiholanzi" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Mohammed" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Kiholanzi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammed" title="Muhammed – Kinorwe cha Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Muhammed" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Kinorwe cha Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammed" title="Muhammed – Kinorwe cha Bokmal" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Muhammed" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Kinorwe cha Bokmal" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nqo mw-list-item"><a href="https://nqo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DF%A1%DF%8A%DF%AC%DF%A1%DF%8A%DF%98%DF%8C%DF%AB" title="ߡߊ߬ߡߊߘߌ߫ – N’Ko" lang="nqo" hreflang="nqo" data-title="ߡߊ߬ߡߊߘߌ߫" data-language-autonym="ߒߞߏ" data-language-local-name="N’Ko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ߒߞߏ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ny mw-list-item"><a href="https://ny.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad" title="Muhammad – Kinyanja" lang="ny" hreflang="ny" data-title="Muhammad" data-language-autonym="Chi-Chewa" data-language-local-name="Kinyanja" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chi-Chewa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maomet" title="Maomet – Kiokitani" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Maomet" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Kiokitani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad" title="Muhammad – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Muhammad" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad" title="Muhammad – Kioromo" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Muhammad" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="Kioromo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%AE%E0%AC%B9%E0%AC%AE%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%AE%E0%AC%A6" title="ମହମ୍ମଦ – Kioriya" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ମହମ୍ମଦ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Kioriya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AE%E0%A9%81%E0%A8%B9%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%A6" title="ਮੁਹੰਮਦ – Kipunjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਮੁਹੰਮਦ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Kipunjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pag mw-list-item"><a href="https://pag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahoma" title="Mahoma – Kipangasinan" lang="pag" hreflang="pag" data-title="Mahoma" data-language-autonym="Pangasinan" data-language-local-name="Kipangasinan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pangasinan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maroumet" title="Maroumet – Picard" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Maroumet" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="Picard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Picard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahomet" title="Mahomet – Kipolandi" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Mahomet" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Kipolandi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maomet" title="Maomet – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Maomet" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF" title="محمد – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="محمد" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF" title="محمد – Kipashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="محمد" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Kipashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maom%C3%A9" title="Maomé – Kireno" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Maomé" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Kireno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhamad" title="Muhamad – Kikechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Muhamad" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Kikechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rmy mw-list-item"><a href="https://rmy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad" title="Muhammad – Vlax Romani" lang="rmy" hreflang="rmy" data-title="Muhammad" data-language-autonym="Romani čhib" data-language-local-name="Vlax Romani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Romani čhib</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahomed" title="Mahomed – Kiromania" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Mahomed" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Kiromania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%83%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%B4" title="Мухаммед – Kirusi" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Мухаммед" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Kirusi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%B4" title="Могамед – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Могамед" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D" title="मुहम्मद् – Kisanskriti" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="मुहम्मद्" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Kisanskriti" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%83h%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%B4" title="Муhаммед – Kisakha" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Муhаммед" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Kisakha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%A2%E1%B1%A9%E1%B1%A6%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%A2%E1%B1%A2%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%AB%E1%B1%BD" title="ᱢᱩᱦᱟᱢᱢᱚᱫᱽ – Kisantali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱢᱩᱦᱟᱢᱢᱚᱫᱽ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="Kisantali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maoma" title="Maoma – Kisardinia" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Maoma" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Kisardinia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maumettu" title="Maumettu – Kisicilia" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Maumettu" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Kisicilia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad" title="Muhammad – Kiskoti" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Muhammad" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Kiskoti" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF" title="محمد – Kisindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="محمد" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Kisindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhamed" title="Muhamed – Kiserbia-kroeshia" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Muhamed" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Kiserbia-kroeshia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shi mw-list-item"><a href="https://shi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mu%E1%B8%A5ammad" title="Muḥammad – Kitachelhit" lang="shi" hreflang="shi" data-title="Muḥammad" data-language-autonym="Taclḥit" data-language-local-name="Kitachelhit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taclḥit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%84%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%B8%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%94%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%8F" title="මහම්මද්තුමා – Kisinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="මහම්මද්තුමා" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Kisinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad" title="Muhammad – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Muhammad" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohamed" title="Mohamed – Kislovakia" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Mohamed" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Kislovakia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-skr mw-list-item"><a href="https://skr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF_%D8%B1%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%DB%81_%D8%B5%D9%84%DB%8C_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%DB%81_%D8%B9%D9%84%DB%8C%DB%81_%D9%88_%D8%B3%D9%84%D9%85" title="محمد رسول اللہ صلی اللہ علیہ و سلم – Saraiki" lang="skr" hreflang="skr" data-title="محمد رسول اللہ صلی اللہ علیہ و سلم" data-language-autonym="سرائیکی" data-language-local-name="Saraiki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سرائیکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohamed" title="Mohamed – Kislovenia" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Mohamed" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Kislovenia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad" title="Muhammad – Kishona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Muhammad" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="Kishona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nebi_Maxamed_c.s" title="Nebi Maxamed c.s – Kisomali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Nebi Maxamed c.s" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Kisomali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammedi" title="Muhammedi – Kialbania" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Muhammedi" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Kialbania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%83%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%B4" title="Мухамед – Kiserbia" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Мухамед" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Kiserbia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad" title="Muhammad – Kisunda" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Muhammad" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Kisunda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammed" title="Muhammed – Kiswidi" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Muhammed" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Kiswidi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%81_%E0%AE%A8%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BF" title="முகம்மது நபி – Kitamili" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="முகம்மது நபி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Kitamili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%B9%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A6%E0%B1%8D_%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4" title="ముహమ్మద్ ప్రవక్త – Kitelugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="ముహమ్మద్ ప్రవక్త" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Kitelugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%83%D2%B3%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B4" title="Муҳаммад – Kitajiki" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Муҳаммад" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Kitajiki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%AE%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%94" title="มุฮัมมัด – Kithai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="มุฮัมมัด" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Kithai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammed" title="Muhammed – Kiturukimeni" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Muhammed" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="Kiturukimeni" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad" title="Muhammad – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Muhammad" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammed" title="Muhammed – Kituruki" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Muhammed" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Kituruki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D3%A9%D1%85%D3%99%D0%BC%D0%BC%D3%99%D1%82_%D0%BF%D3%99%D0%B9%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B1%D3%99%D1%80" title="Мөхәммәт пәйгамбәр – Kitatari" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Мөхәммәт пәйгамбәр" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Kitatari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%DB%87%DA%BE%DB%95%D9%85%D9%85%DB%95%D8%AF_%D8%A6%DB%95%D9%84%DB%95%D9%8A%DA%BE%D9%89%D8%B3%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85" title="مۇھەممەد ئەلەيھىسسالام – Kiuyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="مۇھەممەد ئەلەيھىسسالام" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Kiuyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82" title="Магомет – Kiukraini" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Магомет" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Kiukraini" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF_%D8%A8%D9%86_%D8%B9%D8%A8%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%DB%81" title="محمد بن عبد اللہ – Kiurdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="محمد بن عبد اللہ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Kiurdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad" title="Muhammad – Kiuzbeki" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Muhammad" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Kiuzbeki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maometo" title="Maometo – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Maometo" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad" title="Muhammad – Kivietinamu" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Muhammad" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Kivietinamu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhamed" title="Muhamed – Kivolapuk" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Muhamed" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Kivolapuk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mawoumet" title="Mawoumet – Kiwaloon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Mawoumet" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Kiwaloon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohammed" title="Mohammed – Kiwaray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Mohammed" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Kiwaray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wo mw-list-item"><a href="https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohammed" title="Mohammed – Kiwolofu" lang="wo" hreflang="wo" data-title="Mohammed" data-language-autonym="Wolof" data-language-local-name="Kiwolofu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Wolof</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A9%86%E7%BD%95%E9%BB%98%E5%BE%B7" title="穆罕默德 – Kichina cha Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="穆罕默德" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Kichina cha Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%B0%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%93%E1%83%98" title="მაჰმადი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="მაჰმადი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%9B%D7%90%D7%9E%D7%90%D7%93" title="מוכאמאד – Kiyiddi" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="מוכאמאד" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Kiyiddi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%B9h%E1%BB%8D%CC%81m%C3%A1d%C3%B9" title="Mùhọ́mádù – Kiyoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Mùhọ́mádù" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Kiyoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhamed" title="Muhamed – Zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Muhamed" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="Zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mo%27ammed" title="Mo'ammed – Zeelandic" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Mo'ammed" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="Zeelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zeêuws</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zgh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zgh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%B5%8E%E2%B5%93%E2%B5%83%E2%B4%B0%E2%B5%8E%E2%B5%8E%E2%B4%B0%E2%B4%B7" title="ⵎⵓⵃⴰⵎⵎⴰⴷ – Kiberber Sanifu cha Moroko" lang="zgh" hreflang="zgh" data-title="ⵎⵓⵃⴰⵎⵎⴰⴷ" data-language-autonym="ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ" data-language-local-name="Kiberber Sanifu cha Moroko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A9%86%E7%BD%95%E9%BB%98%E5%BE%B7" title="穆罕默德 – Kichina" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="穆罕默德" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Kichina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A9%86%E7%BD%95%E9%BB%98%E5%BE%B7" title="穆罕默德 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="穆罕默德" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad" title="Muhammad – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Muhammad" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%A8%A1%E7%BD%95%E9%BB%98%E5%BE%B7" title="模罕默德 – Kikantoni" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="模罕默德" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Kikantoni" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad" title="Muhammad – Kizulu" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="Muhammad" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="Kizulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q9458#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Hariri viungo vya lugha zingine" class="wbc-editpage">Hariri viungo</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Maeneo ya wiki"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a 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Unaweza kutazama chanzo chake. [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Angalia chanzo</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Muhammad&action=history" title="Mapitio ya awali ya ukurasa huu [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Fungua historia</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Zana za ukurasa"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Zana" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Zana</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Zana</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">hamishia kwenye mwambaa upande</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">ficha</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" 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this page"><span>Maelezo ya ukurasa</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maalum:Taja&page=Muhammad&id=1347374&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Taarifa juu ya njia ya kutaja ukurasa huu"><span>Taja ukurasa huu</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maalum:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fsw.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FMuhammad"><span>Pata URL iliyofupishwa</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maalum:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fsw.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FMuhammad"><span>Pakua msimbo wa QR</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Chapa/peleka nje </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maalum:Kusanya&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Muhammad"><span>Tunga kitabu</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maalum:DownloadAsPdf&page=Muhammad&action=show-download-screen"><span>Pakua kama PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Muhammad&printable=yes" title="Toleo linalochapika la ukurasa huu [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Ukurasa wa kuchapika</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Miradi mingine </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF_%D8%A8%D9%86_%D8%B9%D8%A8%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D9%87" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q9458" title="Link to connected data repository item [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata kifungu</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Zana za ukurasa"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Mandhari"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Mandhari</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">hamishia kwenye mwambaa upande</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">ficha</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Kutoka Wikipedia, kamusi elezo huru</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="sw" dir="ltr"><figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Faili:Mohammed_kaaba_1315.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Mohammed_kaaba_1315.jpg/350px-Mohammed_kaaba_1315.jpg" decoding="async" width="350" height="255" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Mohammed_kaaba_1315.jpg/525px-Mohammed_kaaba_1315.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Mohammed_kaaba_1315.jpg/700px-Mohammed_kaaba_1315.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2014" data-file-height="1470" /></a><figcaption>Mtume Muhammed jinsi alivyotengeneza <a href="/wiki/Kaaba" title="Kaaba">Kaaba</a> huko <a href="/wiki/Makka" title="Makka">Makka</a> - picha mnamo mwaka 1315 kutoka Asia ya Kati</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Faili:Siyer-i_Nebi_151b.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Siyer-i_Nebi_151b.jpg/350px-Siyer-i_Nebi_151b.jpg" decoding="async" width="350" height="521" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Siyer-i_Nebi_151b.jpg/525px-Siyer-i_Nebi_151b.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Siyer-i_Nebi_151b.jpg/700px-Siyer-i_Nebi_151b.jpg 2x" data-file-width="744" data-file-height="1108" /></a><figcaption>Mtume Muhammed jinsi alivyosali mbele ya Kaaba - (katika picha za Kiosmani uso wa mtume hufichwa mara nyingi tangu karne ya 16 BK)</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Muhammad</b> (<i>kwa <a href="/wiki/Kiarabu" title="Kiarabu">Kiarabu</a> "Mwenye kusifika sana"; jina kamili kwa kirefu ni </i><br />محمد بن عبد الله بن عبد ﺍﻟﻤﻄﻠﺐ ﺍﻟﻬﺎﺷﻤﻲ <i> Muhammad bin 'Abd Allāh bin 'Abd al-Muţţalib al-Hāshimī</i>) anaaminika katika dini ya <a href="/wiki/Uislamu" title="Uislamu">Uislamu</a> kuwa ni <a href="/wiki/Mtume" title="Mtume">mtume</a> wa mwisho wa <a href="/wiki/Mungu" title="Mungu">Mungu</a> (<a href="/wiki/Allah" title="Allah">Allah</a>) kwa <a href="/wiki/Binadamu" title="Binadamu">binadamu</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Utoto_wake">Utoto wake</h2></div> <p>Muhammad alizaliwa yatima kwani baba yake alifariki kabla yeye hajazaliwa. Hakuishi sana na mama yake (Amina), kwa kuwa naye alifariki dunia Muhammad akiwa na umri wa miaka sita. </p><p>Baadaye akachukuliwa na babu yake <a href="/w/index.php?title=Abdul_Muttalib&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Abdul Muttalib (bado haujaandikwa)">Abdul Muttalib</a> na kuishi naye kwa muda wa miaka miwili, kisha babu yake naye akafariki. </p><p>Kazi ya kumlea Muhammad ilimwangukia ami yake Abu Talib ambaye ndiye aliyeishi naye mpaka ukubwa na kumuoza na kumpa himaya wakati alipoanza kazi ya kufikisha ujumbe wa Mwenyezi Mungu kwa watu. </p><p>Kadiri ya hadithi za Kiislamu, ilipokua karibu atadhihiri Mtume ma<a href="/wiki/Padri" class="mw-redirect" title="Padri">padri</a> wa <a href="/wiki/Ukristo" title="Ukristo">Kinasara</a> na ma<a href="/wiki/Kuhani" title="Kuhani">kuhani</a> wa <a href="/wiki/Uyahudi" title="Uyahudi">Kiyahudi</a> waliokuwa wakikaa <a href="/wiki/Bara_Arabu" class="mw-redirect" title="Bara Arabu">Bara Arabu</a> walikuwa wakiwatahayarisha majirani wao wa Kiarabu waliokuwa wakiabudu <a href="/wiki/Sanamu" title="Sanamu">sanamu</a>, wakiwaambia: “Karibu ataletwa Mtume katika nchi yenu hii, abatilishe hii <a href="/wiki/Ibada" title="Ibada">ibada</a> yenu mbovu ya sanamu”. Walipoambiwa hivi wale <a href="/wiki/Waarabu" title="Waarabu">Waarabu</a> waliwauliza jina la Mtume huyo, wakawajibu kuwa jina lake litakuwa Muhammad. Kwa hivyo kila mwenye kusadiki hayo alimwita mwanawe Muhammad. </p><p>Lakini hayakusikilizana majina haya ila kwa baadhi ya Waarabu waliokua wakikaa <a href="/wiki/Shamu" title="Shamu">Shamu</a> tu na <a href="/w/index.php?title=Najran&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Najran (bado haujaandikwa)">Najran</a> (<a href="/wiki/Yaman" class="mw-redirect" title="Yaman">Yaman</a>) ambako mapadri wengi walikaa, na vilevile katika <a href="/wiki/Madina" title="Madina">Madina</a> ambayo nusu ya wakazi wake walikuwa Wayahudi. </p><p>Hata lilipoanza kutangaa jina la Mtume, waliokuwa wamekwisha kuitwa kwa jina hilo walikuwa wachache tu Bara Arabu nzima. </p><p>Inasemekana Mtume aliinukia tangu utotoni kwake juu ya sifa zake nzuri na <a href="/wiki/Ukomavu" title="Ukomavu">ukomavu</a> wa <a href="/wiki/Akili" title="Akili">akili</a> ya kiutu uzima, hakupata kufanya vitendo vya utoto umri wake, wala kuazimia kuvifanya ila mara mbili tu, ambazo mara mbili zote hizo Mwenyezi Mungu alimhifadhi navyo. </p><p>Kitendo chenyewe alichokiazimia kukifanya mara mbili zote hizo na Mwenyezi Mungu akamhifadhi nacho ni kutaka kwenda kukesha katika <a href="/wiki/Ngoma" class="mw-disambig" title="Ngoma">ngoma</a> za <a href="/wiki/Arusi" class="mw-redirect" title="Arusi">arusi</a> mbili za marafiki wake waliooa katika <a href="/wiki/Mji" title="Mji">mji</a> wa <a href="/wiki/Makka" title="Makka">Makka</a>. </p><p>Lakini Mungu alimpa usingizi mkubwa katika masiku yote hayo mawili hata hakuweza kufumbua jicho, wala kunyanyua miguu kwenda mahali. Hajapata kuhudhuria hata mara moja katika ibada za kuabudu sanamu wala kula chakula kilichochinjwa kwa ajili yao. Moyo wake ulichukizwa na hayo na mambo mengine yaliyo mabaya. </p><p>Tangu udogo wake Mtume aliondokea na sifa nzuri ambazo hapana hata mmoja katika hirimu zake aliyekuwa nazo zote. Kila sifa zinazohesabiwa kuwa ni njema na Waislamu ndizo alizokuwa nazo tangu utoto wake. </p><p>Mkewe <a href="/wiki/Aisha" title="Aisha">Aisha</a> alipoombwa kutaja kidogo sifa za Mtume, alisema hivi: “Sifa zake ni zile sifa nzuri zinazosifiwa na <a href="/wiki/Qurani" class="mw-redirect" title="Qurani">Qurani</a>” na katika Qurani zimetajwa chungu ya sifa zilizo nzuri. </p><p>Mtume mara nyingi alikuwa akisema: “Sikupata kufanya hata siku moja yale mambo waliyokuwa wakiyafanya makafiri”. Kwa hivyo yeye hakupata kuabudu sanamu, kulewa, kuzini, kucheza kamari wala hakumdhulumu mtu kitu chake na kama haya. </p><p>Lakini alikuwa msemakweli, mwaminifu, mpole na mwenye haya na sifa nyingi nyinginezo bora kama hizi. Watu wa Makka walikuwa wakimsifu kwa tabia zake, hata wakampa jina la Muhammad Al-Amin (mwaminifu). Alikuwa hatajikani ila kwa jina la Al-Amin. </p><p>Wakubwa na wadogo walikuwa wakimheshimu na kumpa amana zao kuwawekea, hata baada ya <a href="/wiki/Utume" title="Utume">utume</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Hali_yake_kabla_ya_kupewa_utume">Hali yake kabla ya kupewa utume</h2></div> <p>Makureshi ni watu wa <a href="/wiki/Biashara" title="Biashara">biashara</a>, kila Kureshi alipata kufanya kazi hii. </p><p>Safari moja baadhi yao walipokuwa wakienda Yaman katika biashara zao, baba yake mdogo wa pili Bwana Zubeyr alimshauri ikiwa atapenda kusafiri. Mtume aliridhia akenda naye mpaka Yaman, wakakaa huko muda wa siku tatu tu kisha wakarejea, wakati huu Mtume alikuwa mtoto wa miaka tisa. </p><p>Hata alipotimia miaka 12 mwaka <a href="/wiki/582" title="582">582</a>, alisafiri tena pamoja na baba yake mdogo mwingine, Bwana Abu Talib; safari hii waliazimia kwenda Shamu, lakini walipofika <a href="/w/index.php?title=Busra&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Busra (bado haujaandikwa)">Busra</a> – mji wa kusini kabisa katika nchi ya Shamu – walikutana na padri jina lake Bahyra ambaye alimkataza asisogee na mwanawe zaidi kuliko hapo, akamwambia: “Mtoto huyu namwona ana alama zote za Mtume aliyetabiriwa kuwa atakuja, basi naona ni hatari kubwa akienda Shamu, asije akauawa na Wayahudi huko. Nakusihi sana urejee naye, au umpe mtu mwaminifu arejee naye, nawe uende katika biashara zako”. Abu Talib alimpa mtu arejee naye Makka naye akaendelea na safari yake. </p><p>Huyu padri Bahyra alikuwa mwanachuoni wa Kinasara, na alimbashiri Mtume lakini hakuwahi kumwamini alipoanza utume, ila mwanafunzi wake Salman Al-Farsy Mwajemi mara alipopata habari ya kupata utume wake alisilimu, na aliusaidia <a href="/wiki/Uislamu" title="Uislamu">Uislamu</a> katika mambo mengi. </p><p>Baada ya kutimia miaka 15 Mtume aliingia katika kufanya biashara ndogondogo yeye na mwenziwe Saib bin Yazid, lakini biashara yao walikuwa wakiifanyia katika miji iliyokuwa karibu na Makka tu. Alipata sifa kubwa ya <a href="/wiki/Uaminifu" title="Uaminifu">uaminifu</a> na <a href="/wiki/Ukweli" title="Ukweli">ukweli</a> katika biashara zake hizi. Mshirika wake huyu alisilimu siku ilipotekwa Makka, na Mtume alifurahi sana kwa kusilimu rafiki yake huyu. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kuanza_utume">Kuanza utume</h2></div> <table class="infobox" style="font-size: 90%; width: 15em; background:white; text-align: center;"> <tbody><tr> <td><small>Sehemu ya <a href="/wiki/Jamii:Uislamu" title="Jamii:Uislamu">mfululizo</a> wa makala juu ya</small><br /> <p><span style="font-size: 200%"><b><a href="/wiki/Uislamu" title="Uislamu">Uislamu</a></b></span><br /> </p> <center><div style="position: relative; width: 200px; height: 200px; overflow: hidden"> <div style="position: absolute; top: 0px; left: 0px; font-size: 200px; overflow: hidden; line-height: 200px; z-index: 3"><a href="/wiki/Uislamu" title="Uislamu">   </a></div> <div style="position: absolute; top: 0px; left: 0px; z-index: 2"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Faili:Istanbul,_Hagia_Sophia,_Allah.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Uislamu"><img alt="Uislamu" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Istanbul%2C_Hagia_Sophia%2C_Allah.jpg/200px-Istanbul%2C_Hagia_Sophia%2C_Allah.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="196" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Istanbul%2C_Hagia_Sophia%2C_Allah.jpg/300px-Istanbul%2C_Hagia_Sophia%2C_Allah.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Istanbul%2C_Hagia_Sophia%2C_Allah.jpg/400px-Istanbul%2C_Hagia_Sophia%2C_Allah.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2118" data-file-height="2077" /></a></span></div> </div></center> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#F6E6AE;"><b>Imani na ibada zake</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#99CC99;"> <p><a href="/wiki/Umoja" title="Umoja">Umoja</a> wa <a href="/wiki/Allah" title="Allah">Mungu</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/Manabii" class="mw-redirect" title="Manabii">Manabii</a> <br /> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Misahafu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Misahafu (bado haujaandikwa)">Misahafu</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/Malaika" title="Malaika">Malaika</a> <br /> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Uteule&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Uteule (bado haujaandikwa)">Uteule</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/Kiyama" title="Kiyama">Kiyama</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/Nguzo_Tano_za_Kiislamu" class="mw-redirect" title="Nguzo Tano za Kiislamu">Nguzo za Kiislamu</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/Shahada_(Uislamu)" title="Shahada (Uislamu)">Shahada</a> • <a href="/wiki/Sala_(Uislamu)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sala (Uislamu)">Swala</a> • <a href="/wiki/Saumu" title="Saumu">Saumu</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/Hija" title="Hija">Hija</a> • <a href="/wiki/Zaka" title="Zaka">Zaka</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#F6E6AE;"><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orodha_ya_Waislamu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Orodha ya Waislamu (bado haujaandikwa)">Waislamu muhimu</a></b> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#99CC99;"> <p><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Muhammad</a> <br /> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Abu_Bakr" title="Abu Bakr">Abu Bakr</a> • <a href="/wiki/Ali_ibn_Abu_Talib" title="Ali ibn Abu Talib">Ali</a><br /> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ahl_al-Bayt&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ahl al-Bayt (bado haujaandikwa)">Ukoo wa Muhammad</a><br /> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sahaba&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sahaba (bado haujaandikwa)">Maswahaba wa Muhammad</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/Mitume_na_Manabii_katika_Uislamu" title="Mitume na Manabii katika Uislamu">Mitume na Manabii katika Uislamu</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#F6E6AE;"><b>Maandiko na Sheria</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#99CC99;"> <p><a href="/wiki/Qurani" class="mw-redirect" title="Qurani">Qur'an</a> • <a href="/wiki/Sunnah" class="mw-redirect" title="Sunnah">Sunnah</a> • <a href="/wiki/Hadithi_za_Mtume_Muhammad" title="Hadithi za Mtume Muhammad">Hadithi</a> <br /> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sira&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sira (bado haujaandikwa)">Wasifu wa Muhammad</a> <br /> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sharia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sharia (bado haujaandikwa)">Sharia</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/Fiqhi" title="Fiqhi">Elimu ya Sheria za Kiislamu</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kalam&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kalam (bado haujaandikwa)">Kalam</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#F6E6AE;"><b>Historia ya Uislamu</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#99CC99;"> <p><a href="/wiki/Historia_ya_Uislamu" title="Historia ya Uislamu">Historia</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/Sunni" class="mw-redirect" title="Sunni">Sunni</a> • <a href="/wiki/Shi%27a" class="mw-redirect" title="Shi'a">Shi'a</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kharijiya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kharijiya (bado haujaandikwa)">Kharijiya</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rashidun&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rashidun (bado haujaandikwa)">Rashidun</a> • <a href="/wiki/Ukhalifa" class="mw-redirect" title="Ukhalifa">Ukhalifa</a> • <a href="/wiki/Maimamu" class="mw-redirect" title="Maimamu">Maimamu</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#F6E6AE;"><b>Tamaduni za Kiislamu</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#99CC99;"> <p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Masomo_ya_Kiislamu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Masomo ya Kiislamu (bado haujaandikwa)">Shule</a> • <a href="/wiki/Madrasa" title="Madrasa">Madrasa</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/Tauhidi" class="mw-redirect" title="Tauhidi">Tauhidi</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Falsafa_ya_Kiislamu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Falsafa ya Kiislamu (bado haujaandikwa)">Falsafa</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Maadili_katika_Uislamu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Maadili katika Uislamu (bado haujaandikwa)">Maadili</a> <br /> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sayansi_ya_Kiislamu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sayansi ya Kiislamu (bado haujaandikwa)">Sayansi</a> <br /> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sanaa_za_Kiislamu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sanaa za Kiislamu (bado haujaandikwa)">Sanaa</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ujenzi_wa_Kiislamu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ujenzi wa Kiislamu (bado haujaandikwa)">Ujenzi</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Miji_mitakatifu_ya_Uislamu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Miji mitakatifu ya Uislamu (bado haujaandikwa)">Miji</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/Kalenda_ya_Kiislamu" title="Kalenda ya Kiislamu">Kalenda</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sikukuu_za_Kiislamu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sikukuu za Kiislamu (bado haujaandikwa)">Sikukuu</a> <br /> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wanawake_katika_Uislamu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wanawake katika Uislamu (bado haujaandikwa)">Wanawake</a> <br /> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Viongozi_wa_dini_ya_Uislamu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Viongozi wa dini ya Uislamu (bado haujaandikwa)">Viongozi</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Siasa_katika_Uislamu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Siasa katika Uislamu (bado haujaandikwa)">Siasa</a> <br /> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Uchumi_katika_Uislamu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Uchumi katika Uislamu (bado haujaandikwa)">Uchumi</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/Umma" title="Umma">Umma</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Itikadi_mpya_za_Kiislamu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Itikadi mpya za Kiislamu (bado haujaandikwa)">Itikadi mpya</a> • <a href="/wiki/Sufii" class="mw-redirect" title="Sufii">Sufii</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#F6E6AE;"><b>Tazama pia</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#99CC99;"> <p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Uislamu_na_dini_nyingine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Uislamu na dini nyingine (bado haujaandikwa)">Uislamu na dini nyingine</a> <br /> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hofu_ya_Uislamu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hofu ya Uislamu (bado haujaandikwa)">Hofu ya Uislamu</a> <br /> </p> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Muhammad hakuwa akihudhuria sikukuu za <a href="/wiki/Wapagani" class="mw-redirect" title="Wapagani">Wapagani</a> tangu kufahamu kwake. Alikuwa akipenda kukaa peke yake. Kufanya haya kulikuwa kukimwonjesha raha kubwa kuliko kutoka mbele za watu akaona yale mambo yao mabaya aliyokuwa akiyachukia. Kila usiku ukicha alikuwa akizidi kuyachukia. Lakini alikuwa hajui la kufanya. </p><p>Hata alipotimiza miaka 38 hakuweza tena kustahimili kuona zile ibada za sanamu na tabia mbovu walizokuwa nazo wenziwe, ilivyokuwa hana la kufanya katika kuzizuia, alifanya shauri kuuacha mji wa Makka na kwenda porini kukaa. </p><p>Akapata <a href="/wiki/Pango" class="mw-disambig" title="Pango">pango</a> zuri katika <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jabal_Hira&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jabal Hira (bado haujaandikwa)">Jabal Hira</a> Kaskazini ya Makka, inapata <a href="/wiki/Maili" title="Maili">maili</a> 3 toka huko Makka. Akawa akikaa huko kwenye Jabal Hira kwa muda wa wiki nyingi, kisha hurejea Makka kuja kumtazama mkewe, wanawe na jamaa zake wengine, na vile vile kwa ajili ya kuchukua chakula kinapokuwa kimekwisha. </p><p>Wakati mwingine akikaa siku nyingi sana huko porini hata humpasa mkewe <a href="/w/index.php?title=Khadija&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Khadija (bado haujaandikwa)">Khadija</a> kwenda kumsikiliza na mara nyingine alikuwa akifuatana naye, pamoja na watoto wao. </p><p>Alidumu katika hali hii muda wa miaka miwili na kitu. </p><p>Baadaye alisimulia kuwa katika mwezi wa Ramadhani 17, Jumatatu katika mwaka wa 40 unusu wa umri wake alimuona mtu kamsimamia mbele yake bila ya kumuona wapi katokea, akamwambia: “Soma”. Mtume akamjibu: “Mimi sijui kusoma kwani sijapata kujizunza”. Akaja, akamkamata, akambana, akamwambia tena: “Soma”. Mtume akamjibu jawabu yake ileile. Hata mara ya tatu akamwambia: “Soma – Iqraa Bismi Rabbik - ” akamsomea sura ya 96 mpaka kati yake, kisha Mtume akaisoma kama alivyosomewa. Hii ndiyo sura ya kwanza kushuka katika Qurani, ingawa haijawekwa mwanzo. </p><p>Mara yule mtu (<a href="/wiki/Malaika" title="Malaika">malaika</a>) akaondoka machoni pake asimwone kaenda wapi, naye akarejea kwake <a href="/wiki/Hofu" title="Hofu">hofu</a> imemshika. </p><p>Alipofika nyumbani, Khadija alidhani ana <a href="/wiki/Homa" title="Homa">homa</a>, akamfunika nguo gubigubi akakaa mbele yake akimsikiliza anavyoweweseka. Homa ilipomwachia alimweleza Khadija yote yaliyomtokea, naye akamtuliza moyo wake, akamyakinishia ya kuwa hapana lolote baya litakalomzukia. </p><p>Mara Bibi huyu akaondoka akaenda kwa jamaa yake Waraqa bin Naufal akampa habari yote iliyompata mumewe. Naye akamwamrisha amwite, na Mtume akaenda akamweleza habari yake yote. Bwana Waraqa akamwambia: “Huyo ndiye <a href="/wiki/Jibril" class="mw-redirect" title="Jibril">Jibril</a> aliyemshukia <a href="/wiki/Nabii" title="Nabii">Nabii</a> <a href="/wiki/Musa" title="Musa">Musa</a> na Nabii <a href="/wiki/Isa" title="Isa">Isa</a>. Basi jibashirie kuwa wewe ni Mtume wa Umma huu! Nami natamani kuwa hai nikuone unavyosimama kuwatengeneza jamaa zako, Inshaalla nitakuwa mkono wako wa kulia!”. </p><p>Wakarejea kwao hofu yote imemtoka Baada ya kuazimia kuwa hatakwenda tena kule pangoni. </p><p>Pale pale akaondoka akenda pangoni mwake ili aonane na malaika tena, ingawa alikaa huko muda mrefu. </p><p>Siku ile ya kupata Utume inawafiki mwezi wa Desemba <a href="/wiki/610" title="610">610</a>. </p><p>Huyu Waraqa hakuwa akiabudu <a href="/wiki/Dini" title="Dini">dini</a> ya sanamu bali alikuwa Mkristo, alipokuwa akisoma vitabu aliona kutatokea Mtume mwingine, ndiyo maana alipohadithiwa habari ile mara moja akaamini kuwa aliyemjia Mtume ni Jibril. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Maisha_yake_Makka">Maisha yake Makka</h2></div> <p>Muhammad aliishi Makka kwa muda wa miaka 53, arubaini (40) katika hiyo akiwa ni mtu wa kawaida kabla ya kupewa utume, na 13 akiwa ni mjumbe wa Mwenyezi Mungu. </p><p>Maisha yake Makka yalikuwa ya taabu tangu utotoni mwake, kwani alizaliwa yatima kisha alipokuwa katika ujana wake alikuwa akifanya kazi ya kuchunga mbuzi na kondoo wa watu wa Makka kwa vijipesa kidogo mpaka alipofika umri wa miaka ishirini na tano akapata kazi ya kumfanyia biashara Khadija, bibi mtukufu wa Kikureshi ambaye baadaye alikuja kuwa mkewe, na kuzaa naye aghlabu ya watoto wake. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Miaka_13_ya_utume_Makka">Miaka 13 ya utume Makka</h2></div> <p>Katika miaka 13 aliyoyaishi hapo Makka baada ya kupewa utume, Muhammad alipata kila aina ya mateso na masumbuko, juu ya nafsi yake na juu ya wafuasi wake, naye alisubiri na kustahimili kila aina ya taabu na shida kwa ajili ya Mola wake, mpaka Mwenyezi Mungu alipompa amri ya kuhama mji huo na kuelekea Madina. </p><p>Katika muda huu alipokuwa Makka, wengi katika jamaa zake na watu wa makabila mengine wa matabaka mbalimbali za jamii waliingia dini yake. </p><p>Mwaka <a href="/wiki/622" title="622">622</a> Wakureshi, wakiona hasara katika mafungamano yao na Waarabu wengine wenye kuabudu miungu mingi, kwa dukuduku zao zilimfanya Muhammad ahame pamoja na sahibu wake <a href="/w/index.php?title=Abubakar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Abubakar (bado haujaandikwa)">Abubakar</a> Assiddiq na wafuasi wake 70 hivi akaishi Yathrib, mji ambao ulikaliwa na Waarabu na Wayahudi pamoja na ambao baadaya ukaitwa Madinat al-Nabi (yaani Mji wa Nabii, kifupi <a href="/wiki/Madina" title="Madina">Madina</a>). </p><p>Mwaka huo ukawa wa kwanza katika <a href="/wiki/Kalenda_ya_Kiislamu" title="Kalenda ya Kiislamu">Kalenda ya Kiislamu</a> inayotumika tangu wakati wa <a href="/w/index.php?title=Halifa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Halifa (bado haujaandikwa)">halifa</a> 'Omar ibn al-Khattàb hadi leo. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kuhamia_Madina_na_mwanzo_wa_Umma">Kuhamia Madina na mwanzo wa Umma</h2></div> <p>Mtume Muhammad, baada ya kupewa amri ya kuguria <a href="/wiki/Madina" title="Madina">Madina</a>, aliondoka na kuhamia mji huo ambao ulimpokea na kumkubali na kumsaidia na kumtukuza na kumlinda na maadui. </p><p>Ingawa <a href="/wiki/Wayahudi" title="Wayahudi">Wayahudi</a> wa Madina walikataa kumsadiki kuwa nabii kama wale wa <a href="/wiki/Biblia" class="mw-disambig" title="Biblia">Biblia</a>, aliendelea kuhubiri huko na tangu mwaka wa kwanza alitunga Hati ya Agano iliyokubaliwa na Wamadina wote: ndiyo asili ya <a href="/wiki/Umma" title="Umma">Umma</a>, jamii ya waumini. </p><p>Mtume Muhammad aliishi Madina kwa muda wa miaka 10 mingine akitangaza dini ya Mwenyezi Mungu na huko watu wengi na makabila mbali mbali ya Kiarabu yaliingia dini ya Uislamu kwa makundi makundi. </p><p>Wakati huohuo alianza kushambulia misafara ya Wamakka wapagani na kuwashinda kwanza huko Badr (624), akashindwa huko Uhud (625), hatimaye akapata ushindi mkuu huko Madina katika vita vya handaki (627): hapo alifukuza na hatimaye akaangamiza kama wasaliti Wayahudi wote wa Madina na wanaume wote wa Waqurayza, wakati wanawake wao pamoja na watoto wakauzwa kama watumwa huko <a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a>. </p><p>Mwaka 630 Muhammad akiwa na nguvu za kutosha aliweza kurudi Makka na kuiteka, akairudisha <a href="/wiki/Kaaba" title="Kaaba">Kaaba</a> ambayo ndiyo kibla cha Waislamu wote ulimwenguni katika mambo ya <a href="/wiki/Sala" title="Sala">Sala</a> na <a href="/wiki/Hija" title="Hija">Hija</a>. </p><p>Hata hivyo akarudi kuishi Madina na kutoka huko akaeneza kazi yake ya kisiasa na ya kidini katika <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hijaz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hijaz (bado haujaandikwa)">Hijaz</a> yote. Baada ya ushindi wake huko Hunayn dhidi ya Waawazin na wenzao, aliteka au kusilimisha vijiji mbalimbali vya maana upande wa uchumi au wa vita kwa mfululizo wa mapigano kwenye Wadi al-qura. </p><p>Kwa jumla alihudhuria <a href="/wiki/Vita" title="Vita">vita</a> 27, akiua kwa mkono wake mtu mmoja tu. </p><p>Akiendelea kuishi Madina, alinadhimu kwa <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sharia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sharia (bado haujaandikwa)">Sharia</a> na hukumu nyingi maisha ya jamii ya Waislamu huko, na kuweka chanzo cha dola ya kiislamu ulimwenguni. </p><p>Sharia na hukumu hizo zinapatikana katika kitabu kitakatifu cha (<a href="/wiki/Qurani" class="mw-redirect" title="Qurani">Qurani</a>), ambacho leo Waislamu wote ulimwenguni wananadhimu maisha yao kulingana nacho. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Wake_zake">Wake zake</h2></div> <p>Ingawa Kurani inaruhusu wake 4 tu, Muhammad alisema ana idhini ya kuvuka kiwango hicho. Jumla alioa wake 11, ambao majina yao yamepangwa hapa chini kufuatana na tarehe ya ndoa. </p><p>1. Khadija binti Khuwaylid (tangu 595 hadi kifo chake Januari 620) ambaye aliwahi kuolewa na waume wawili na kuwazalia watoto 5. Katika maisha mazuri ya ndoa alimzalia Muhamad mabinti 4 (Ruqayya, Umm Khulthūm, Zaynab na Fatima), mbali na watoto 2 wa kiume (Qàsim na ‘Abd Allah) ambao lakini walikufa wakiwa bado wadogo. </p><p>2. Sawda binti Zam’a (tangu Machi 620) aliyewahi kuolewa na mume mmoja. </p><p>3. Aysha binti Abu Bakr (tangu Januari 623) aliyeolewa na Mohamed akiwa na umri wa miaka 9. </p><p>4. Hafsa binti Umar (tangu Novemba 624), aliyewahi kuolewa na mume mmoja. </p><p>5. Zaynab binti Khuzayma (tangu Juni 625 hadi kifo chake Agosti 625). </p><p>6. Hindi Umm Salama binti Abi Umayya (tangu Februari 626), aliyewahi kuolewa na mume mmoja na kuachiwa watoto wengi. Alikuwa mtoto wa kambo wa shangazi ya Mohamed. </p><p>7. Zaynab binti Jahsh (tangu Juni 626) aliyeachwa na mume wake. Alikuwa binamu wa Mohamed. </p><p>8. Juwayriya binti Al Harith (tangu Desemba 626). </p><p>9. Ramla Umm Habība binti Abi Sufyan (tangu Agosti 628) alipoachana na mumewe aliyeingia Ukristo. </p><p>10. Safiyya binti Huyay (tangu Septemba 628) ambaye alikuwa Myahudi akatekwa nyara katika vita vya Khybar. </p><p>11. Maymuna binti Harith (tangu Februari 629) aliyekuwa na umri wa miaka 51. </p><p>Kati yao, wa kwanza tu alimzalia Muhammad watoto, lakini wana wote walifariki kabla ya baba yao, isipokuwa Fatma aliyekufa miezi sita baada yake. </p><p>Aliwaoa pia, lakini bila ya kulala nao, Asma’ binti Al Nu‘man (mkoma) na ‘Amra binti Yazid (aliyekataa katakata ndoa hiyo akapewa mara talaka). </p><p>Mbali na wake rasmi, Kurani inaruhusu kuwa na masuria wasio na idadi (dhāt al-yamīn, "waliomilikiwa na mkono wa kuume", yaani watumwa, hasa waliotekwa vitani). Muhammad alikuwa nao 16: kati yao Marya (Mkristo) alimzalia mtoto wa kiume: Ibrahim, aliyefariki mdogo sana, kwa huzuni kubwa ya baba yake aliyemfuata kaburini muda mfupi baadaye. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Marejeo">Marejeo</h2></div> <ul><li>KADHI SHEIKH ABDULLA SALEH FARSY, Maisha ya Nabii Muhammad - Mulla Karimjee Mulla Mohamedbhai & Son, Zanzibar 1942</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Viungo_vya_nje">Viungo vya nje</h2></div> <div class="references-small"> <dl><dt>Visivyotolewa na Waislamu</dt></dl> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9105853/Muhammad">Muhammad</a>, article on <i>Enyclopaedia Britannica Online</i></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pbs.org/muhammad">Muhammad: Legacy of a Prophet - PBS Site</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.upf.tv/upf06/Projects/MuhammadDocumentary/tabid/175/Default.aspx">Muhammad: Legacy of a Prophet - UPF (Producer's Site)</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://web.archive.org/20090205025734/http://www.upf.tv/upf06/Projects/MuhammadDocumentary/tabid/175/Default.aspx">Archived</a> 5 Februari 2009 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761553918/Muhammad_(prophet).html/">Encarta Encyclopedia</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://web.archive.org/20060623201920/http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761553918/Muhammad_(prophet).html/">Archived</a> 23 Juni 2006 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://31.1911encyclopedia.org/M/MA/MAHOMET.htm">1911 Encyclopedia article on Mahomet</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.answering-islam.org.uk/Books/Muir/Life1/index.htm">William Muir: The Life of Mahomet</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gutenberg.org/etext/1091">The Hero as Prophet</a> A passionate championship of Prophet Muhammad as a Hegelian agent of reform. by Carlyle, Thomas (1795-1881) On Heroes and the Heroic in History. Lincoln, Nebraska: University of Nebraska Press, 1966.</li></ul> <dl><dt>Vilivyoandikwa na Waislamu</dt></dl> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.witness-pioneer.org/vil/Books/SM_tsn/index.htm">Ar-Raheeq Al-Makhtum (The Sealed Nectar)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://comp.uark.edu/~muslim/publications/Ar-Raheeq%20Al-Makhtum.pdf">PDF version of Ar-Raheeq Al-Makhtum</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://web.archive.org/20070205094211/http://comp.uark.edu/~muslim/publications/Ar-Raheeq%20Al-Makhtum.pdf">Archived</a> 5 Februari 2007 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.witness-pioneer.org/vil/Books/MH_LM/default.htm">The Life of Muhammad</a> by Muhammad Husayn Haykal</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.usc.edu/dept/MSA/fundamentals/prophet/">About the Prophet Muhammad (University of Southern California)</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://web.archive.org/20060612062303/http://www.usc.edu/dept/MSA/fundamentals/prophet/">Archived</a> 12 Juni 2006 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kujisomea">Kujisomea</h2></div> <div class="references-small" style="-moz-column-count:30em; -webkit-column-count:30em; column-count:30em;margin-left:1.5em;"> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1346650">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a{background-size:contain}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a{background-size:contain}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a{background-size:contain}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#2C882D;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911F}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{color:#f8a397}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{color:#f8a397}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911F}}</style><cite id="CITEREFAhmed,_Leila1986" class="citation journal cs1">Ahmed, Leila (Summer 1986). "Women and the Advent of Islam". <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Signs_(journal)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Signs (journal) (bado haujaandikwa)">Signs</a></i>. <b>11</b> (4): 665–91. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Doi_(identifier)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Doi (identifier) (bado haujaandikwa)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1086%2F494271">10.1086/494271</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Signs&rft.atitle=Women+and+the+Advent+of+Islam&rft.ssn=summer&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=665-91&rft.date=1986&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1086%2F494271&rft.au=Ahmed%2C+Leila&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsw.wikipedia.org%3AMuhammad" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Kigezo:Cite_journal" title="Kigezo:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Jamii:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jamii:CS1 maint: date auto-translated (bado haujaandikwa)">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1346650"><cite id="CITEREFAli,_Kecia2014" class="citation book cs1">Ali, Kecia (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/books?id=-oWYBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA1"><i>The Lives of Muhammad</i></a>. Harvard University Press. <a href="/w/index.php?title=ISBN_(identifier)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ISBN (identifier) (bado haujaandikwa)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Maalum:ZuiaChanzo/978-0-674-74448-6" title="Maalum:ZuiaChanzo/978-0-674-74448-6"><bdi>978-0-674-74448-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Lives+of+Muhammad&rft.pub=Harvard+University+Press&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-0-674-74448-6&rft.au=Ali%2C+Kecia&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D-oWYBAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsw.wikipedia.org%3AMuhammad" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1346650"><cite id="CITEREFAli,_Muhammad_Mohar1997" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Muhammad_Mohar_Ali&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Muhammad Mohar Ali (bado haujaandikwa)">Ali, Muhammad Mohar</a> (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.islamhouse.com/p/51772"><i>The Biography of the Prophet and the Orientalists</i></a>. King Fahd Complex for the Printing of the Holy Qur'an. <a href="/w/index.php?title=ISBN_(identifier)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ISBN (identifier) (bado haujaandikwa)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Maalum:ZuiaChanzo/9960-770-68-0" title="Maalum:ZuiaChanzo/9960-770-68-0"><bdi>9960-770-68-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Biography+of+the+Prophet+and+the+Orientalists&rft.pub=King+Fahd+Complex+for+the+Printing+of+the+Holy+Qur%27an&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=9960-770-68-0&rft.au=Ali%2C+Muhammad+Mohar&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.islamhouse.com%2Fp%2F51772&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsw.wikipedia.org%3AMuhammad" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1346650"><cite id="CITEREFArmstrong1992" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karen_Armstrong&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Karen Armstrong (bado haujaandikwa)">Armstrong, Karen</a> (1992). <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Muhammad:_A_Biography_of_the_Prophet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Muhammad: A Biography of the Prophet (bado haujaandikwa)">Muhammad: A Biography of the Prophet</a></i>. Harpercollins. <a href="/w/index.php?title=ISBN_(identifier)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ISBN (identifier) (bado haujaandikwa)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Maalum:ZuiaChanzo/0-06-250886-5" title="Maalum:ZuiaChanzo/0-06-250886-5"><bdi>0-06-250886-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Muhammad%3A+A+Biography+of+the+Prophet&rft.pub=Harpercollins&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=0-06-250886-5&rft.aulast=Armstrong&rft.aufirst=Karen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsw.wikipedia.org%3AMuhammad" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1346650"><cite id="CITEREFAwde2000" class="citation book cs1">Awde, Nicholas (2000). <i>Women in Islam: An Anthology from the Quran and Hadith</i>. Routledge. <a href="/w/index.php?title=ISBN_(identifier)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ISBN (identifier) (bado haujaandikwa)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Maalum:ZuiaChanzo/0-7007-1012-4" title="Maalum:ZuiaChanzo/0-7007-1012-4"><bdi>0-7007-1012-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Women+in+Islam%3A+An+Anthology+from+the+Quran+and+Hadith&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=0-7007-1012-4&rft.aulast=Awde&rft.aufirst=Nicholas&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsw.wikipedia.org%3AMuhammad" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1346650"><cite id="CITEREFBallardDonald_N._PennyW._Glenn_Jonas2002" class="citation book cs1">Ballard, Harold Wayne; Donald N. Penny; W. Glenn Jonas (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/journeyoffaithin0000unse"><i>A Journey of Faith: An Introduction to Christianity</i></a>. Mercer University Press. <a href="/w/index.php?title=ISBN_(identifier)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ISBN (identifier) (bado haujaandikwa)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Maalum:ZuiaChanzo/0-86554-746-7" title="Maalum:ZuiaChanzo/0-86554-746-7"><bdi>0-86554-746-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Journey+of+Faith%3A+An+Introduction+to+Christianity&rft.pub=Mercer+University+Press&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=0-86554-746-7&rft.aulast=Ballard&rft.aufirst=Harold+Wayne&rft.au=Donald+N.+Penny&rft.au=W.+Glenn+Jonas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fjourneyoffaithin0000unse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsw.wikipedia.org%3AMuhammad" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1346650"><cite id="CITEREFBarlas2002" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Asma_Barlas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Asma Barlas (bado haujaandikwa)">Barlas, Asma</a> (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/believingwomenin0000barl"><i>Believing Women in Islam</i></a>. University of Texas Press. <a href="/w/index.php?title=ISBN_(identifier)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ISBN (identifier) (bado haujaandikwa)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Maalum:ZuiaChanzo/0-292-70904-8" title="Maalum:ZuiaChanzo/0-292-70904-8"><bdi>0-292-70904-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Believing+Women+in+Islam&rft.pub=University+of+Texas+Press&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=0-292-70904-8&rft.aulast=Barlas&rft.aufirst=Asma&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbelievingwomenin0000barl&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsw.wikipedia.org%3AMuhammad" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1346650"><cite id="CITEREFBogle1998" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Emory_C._Bogle&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Emory C. Bogle (bado haujaandikwa)">Bogle, Emory C.</a> (1998). <i>Islam: Origin and Belief</i>. Texas University Press. <a href="/w/index.php?title=ISBN_(identifier)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ISBN (identifier) (bado haujaandikwa)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Maalum:ZuiaChanzo/0-292-70862-9" title="Maalum:ZuiaChanzo/0-292-70862-9"><bdi>0-292-70862-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Islam%3A+Origin+and+Belief&rft.pub=Texas+University+Press&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=0-292-70862-9&rft.aulast=Bogle&rft.aufirst=Emory+C.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsw.wikipedia.org%3AMuhammad" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1346650"><cite id="CITEREFBrown2003" class="citation book cs1">Brown, Daniel (2003). <i>A New Introduction to Islam</i>. 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University of Georgia Press. <a href="/w/index.php?title=ISBN_(identifier)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ISBN (identifier) (bado haujaandikwa)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Maalum:ZuiaChanzo/978-0-8203-2369-5" title="Maalum:ZuiaChanzo/978-0-8203-2369-5"><bdi>978-0-8203-2369-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Subordinated+Sex%3A+A+History+of+Attitudes+Toward+Women&rft.pub=University+of+Georgia+Press&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-0-8203-2369-5&rft.aulast=Bullough&rft.aufirst=Vern+L&rft.au=Brenda+Shelton&rft.au=Sarah+Slavin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsw.wikipedia.org%3AMuhammad" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1346650"><cite id="CITEREFCohen1995" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mark_R._Cohen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mark R. 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SUNY Press. <a href="/w/index.php?title=ISBN_(identifier)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ISBN (identifier) (bado haujaandikwa)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Maalum:ZuiaChanzo/0-7914-7033-4" title="Maalum:ZuiaChanzo/0-7914-7033-4"><bdi>0-7914-7033-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Charismatic+Community%3A+Shi%27ite+Identity+in+Early+Islam&rft.pub=SUNY+Press&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=0-7914-7033-4&rft.aulast=Dakake&rft.aufirst=Maria+Massi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsw.wikipedia.org%3AMuhammad" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1346650"><cite id="CITEREFDonner1998" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fred_M._Donner&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fred M. 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Darwin Press. <a href="/w/index.php?title=ISBN_(identifier)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ISBN (identifier) (bado haujaandikwa)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Maalum:ZuiaChanzo/0-87850-127-4" title="Maalum:ZuiaChanzo/0-87850-127-4"><bdi>0-87850-127-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Narratives+of+Islamic+Origins%3A+The+Beginnings+of+Islamic+Historical+Writing&rft.pub=Darwin+Press&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=0-87850-127-4&rft.aulast=Donner&rft.aufirst=Fred&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fnarrativesofisla0000donn&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsw.wikipedia.org%3AMuhammad" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1346650"><cite id="CITEREFErnst2004" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carl_Ernst&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Carl Ernst (bado haujaandikwa)">Ernst, Carl</a> (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/followingmuhamma0005erns"><i>Following Muhammad: Rethinking Islam in the Contemporary World</i></a>. University of North Carolina Press. <a href="/w/index.php?title=ISBN_(identifier)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ISBN (identifier) (bado haujaandikwa)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Maalum:ZuiaChanzo/0-8078-5577-4" title="Maalum:ZuiaChanzo/0-8078-5577-4"><bdi>0-8078-5577-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Following+Muhammad%3A+Rethinking+Islam+in+the+Contemporary+World&rft.pub=University+of+North+Carolina+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=0-8078-5577-4&rft.aulast=Ernst&rft.aufirst=Carl&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Ffollowingmuhamma0005erns&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsw.wikipedia.org%3AMuhammad" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1346650"><cite id="CITEREFEsposito1998" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Esposito&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Esposito (bado haujaandikwa)">Esposito, John</a> (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/islamstraightpat0000espo"><i>Islam: The Straight Path</i></a>. 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Oxford University Press. <a href="/w/index.php?title=ISBN_(identifier)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ISBN (identifier) (bado haujaandikwa)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Maalum:ZuiaChanzo/0-19-513076-6" title="Maalum:ZuiaChanzo/0-19-513076-6"><bdi>0-19-513076-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Islamic+Threat%3A+Myth+Or+Reality%3F&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=0-19-513076-6&rft.aulast=Esposito&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fislamicthreatmyt00espo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsw.wikipedia.org%3AMuhammad" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1346650"><cite id="CITEREFEsposito2002" class="citation book cs1">Esposito, John (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/whateveryoneneed0000espo"><i>What Everyone Needs to Know About Islam</i></a>. Oxford University Press. <a href="/w/index.php?title=ISBN_(identifier)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ISBN (identifier) (bado haujaandikwa)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Maalum:ZuiaChanzo/0-19-515713-3" title="Maalum:ZuiaChanzo/0-19-515713-3"><bdi>0-19-515713-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=What+Everyone+Needs+to+Know+About+Islam&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=0-19-515713-3&rft.aulast=Esposito&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fwhateveryoneneed0000espo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsw.wikipedia.org%3AMuhammad" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1346650"><cite id="CITEREFFarah1994" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Caesar_E._Farah&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Caesar E. 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Barron's Educational Series. <a href="/w/index.php?title=ISBN_(identifier)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ISBN (identifier) (bado haujaandikwa)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Maalum:ZuiaChanzo/978-0-8120-1853-0" title="Maalum:ZuiaChanzo/978-0-8120-1853-0"><bdi>978-0-8120-1853-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Islam%3A+Beliefs+and+Observances&rft.edition=5th&rft.pub=Barron%27s+Educational+Series&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=978-0-8120-1853-0&rft.aulast=Farah&rft.aufirst=Caesar&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsw.wikipedia.org%3AMuhammad" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1346650"><cite id="CITEREFGlubb2002" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Bagot_Glubb&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Bagot Glubb (bado haujaandikwa)">Glubb, John Bagot</a> (2002) [1970]. <i>The Life and Times of Muhammad</i>. Hodder & Stoughton. <a href="/w/index.php?title=ISBN_(identifier)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ISBN (identifier) (bado haujaandikwa)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Maalum:ZuiaChanzo/0-8154-1176-6" title="Maalum:ZuiaChanzo/0-8154-1176-6"><bdi>0-8154-1176-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Life+and+Times+of+Muhammad&rft.pub=Hodder+%26+Stoughton&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=0-8154-1176-6&rft.aulast=Glubb&rft.aufirst=John+Bagot&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsw.wikipedia.org%3AMuhammad" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1346650"><cite id="CITEREFGoldman1995" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elizabeth_Goldman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Elizabeth Goldman (bado haujaandikwa)">Goldman, Elizabeth</a> (1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/believersspiritu00gold"><i>Believers: spiritual leaders of the world</i></a>. Oxford University Press. <a href="/w/index.php?title=ISBN_(identifier)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ISBN (identifier) (bado haujaandikwa)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Maalum:ZuiaChanzo/0-19-508240-0" title="Maalum:ZuiaChanzo/0-19-508240-0"><bdi>0-19-508240-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Believers%3A+spiritual+leaders+of+the+world&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=0-19-508240-0&rft.aulast=Goldman&rft.aufirst=Elizabeth&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbelieversspiritu00gold&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsw.wikipedia.org%3AMuhammad" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1346650"><cite id="CITEREFGoldmanRichard_HainStephen_Liben2006" class="citation book cs1">Goldman, Ann; Richard Hain; Stephen Liben (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/oxfordtextbookof0000unse_g7j0"><i>Oxford Textbook of Palliative Care for Children</i></a>. Oxford University Press. <a href="/w/index.php?title=ISBN_(identifier)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ISBN (identifier) (bado haujaandikwa)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Maalum:ZuiaChanzo/0-19-852653-9" title="Maalum:ZuiaChanzo/0-19-852653-9"><bdi>0-19-852653-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Oxford+Textbook+of+Palliative+Care+for+Children&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=0-19-852653-9&rft.aulast=Goldman&rft.aufirst=Ann&rft.au=Richard+Hain&rft.au=Stephen+Liben&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Foxfordtextbookof0000unse_g7j0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsw.wikipedia.org%3AMuhammad" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1346650"><cite id="CITEREFHaarenAddison_B._Poland1904" class="citation book cs1">Haaren, John Henry; Addison B. Poland (1904). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/famousmenmiddle00haargoog"><i>Famous Men of the Middle Ages</i></a>. University Publishing Company. <a href="/w/index.php?title=ISBN_(identifier)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ISBN (identifier) (bado haujaandikwa)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Maalum:ZuiaChanzo/1-882514-05-X" title="Maalum:ZuiaChanzo/1-882514-05-X"><bdi>1-882514-05-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Famous+Men+of+the+Middle+Ages&rft.pub=University+Publishing+Company&rft.date=1904&rft.isbn=1-882514-05-X&rft.aulast=Haaren&rft.aufirst=John+Henry&rft.au=Addison+B.+Poland&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Ffamousmenmiddle00haargoog&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsw.wikipedia.org%3AMuhammad" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Al-Hibri, Azizah Y. (2003). "An Islamic Perspective on Domestic Violence". <i>27 Fordham International Law Journal</i> 195.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1346650"><cite id="CITEREFHoltAnn_K._S._LambtonBernard_Lewis1977" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=P._M._Holt&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="P. M. Holt (bado haujaandikwa)">Holt, P. M.</a>; Ann K. S. Lambton; <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bernard_Lewis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bernard Lewis (bado haujaandikwa)">Bernard Lewis</a> (1977). <i>The Cambridge History of Islam (Paperback)</i>. Cambridge University Press. <a href="/w/index.php?title=ISBN_(identifier)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ISBN (identifier) (bado haujaandikwa)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Maalum:ZuiaChanzo/978-0-521-29135-4" title="Maalum:ZuiaChanzo/978-0-521-29135-4"><bdi>978-0-521-29135-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Cambridge+History+of+Islam+%28Paperback%29&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1977&rft.isbn=978-0-521-29135-4&rft.aulast=Holt&rft.aufirst=P.+M.&rft.au=Ann+K.+S.+Lambton&rft.au=Bernard+Lewis&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsw.wikipedia.org%3AMuhammad" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1346650"><cite id="CITEREFHouraniRuthven,_Malise2003" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Albert_Hourani&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Albert Hourani (bado haujaandikwa)">Hourani, Albert</a>; <a href="/w/index.php?title=Malise_Ruthven&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Malise Ruthven (bado haujaandikwa)">Ruthven, Malise</a> (2003). <i>A History of the Arab Peoples</i>. Belknap Press; Revised edition. <a href="/w/index.php?title=ISBN_(identifier)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ISBN (identifier) (bado haujaandikwa)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Maalum:ZuiaChanzo/978-0-674-01017-8" title="Maalum:ZuiaChanzo/978-0-674-01017-8"><bdi>978-0-674-01017-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+the+Arab+Peoples&rft.pub=Belknap+Press%3B+Revised+edition&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0-674-01017-8&rft.aulast=Hourani&rft.aufirst=Albert&rft.au=Ruthven%2C+Malise&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsw.wikipedia.org%3AMuhammad" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1346650"><cite id="CITEREFibn_Isa2011" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Imam_Tirmidhi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Imam Tirmidhi (bado haujaandikwa)">ibn Isa, Muhammad (Imam Tirmidhi)</a> (2011). <i>Syama'il Muhammadiyah: KeanggunanMu Ya Rasulullah</i> (Hardcover) (kwa Arabic with Malay translation). Malaysia: PTS Islamika Sdn. Bhd. uk. 388. <a href="/w/index.php?title=ISBN_(identifier)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ISBN (identifier) (bado haujaandikwa)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Maalum:ZuiaChanzo/978-967-3-66064-3" title="Maalum:ZuiaChanzo/978-967-3-66064-3"><bdi>978-967-3-66064-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Syama%27il+Muhammadiyah%3A+KeanggunanMu+Ya+Rasulullah&rft.place=Malaysia&rft.pages=388&rft.pub=PTS+Islamika+Sdn.+Bhd.&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-967-3-66064-3&rft.aulast=ibn+Isa&rft.aufirst=Muhammad+%28Imam+Tirmidhi%29&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsw.wikipedia.org%3AMuhammad" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Kigezo:Cite_book" title="Kigezo:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Jamii:CS1_maint:_unrecognized_language&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jamii:CS1 maint: unrecognized language (bado haujaandikwa)">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1346650"><cite id="CITEREFIshaq2002" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ibn_Ishaq&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ibn Ishaq (bado haujaandikwa)">Ishaq, Ibn</a> (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/lifeofmuhammadtr0000ibnh"><i>The Life of Muhammad: A Translation of Ibn Ishaq's Sirat Rasul Allah</i></a>. Oxford University Press. <a href="/w/index.php?title=ISBN_(identifier)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ISBN (identifier) (bado haujaandikwa)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Maalum:ZuiaChanzo/978-0-19-636033-1" title="Maalum:ZuiaChanzo/978-0-19-636033-1"><bdi>978-0-19-636033-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Life+of+Muhammad%3A+A+Translation+of+Ibn+Ishaq%27s+Sirat+Rasul+Allah&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0-19-636033-1&rft.aulast=Ishaq&rft.aufirst=Ibn&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Flifeofmuhammadtr0000ibnh&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsw.wikipedia.org%3AMuhammad" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Kigezo:Cite_book" title="Kigezo:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Unknown parameter <code class="cs1-code">|coauthor=</code> ignored (<code class="cs1-code">|author=</code> suggested) (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Msaada:CS1_errors&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Msaada:CS1 errors (bado haujaandikwa)">help</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1346650"><cite id="CITEREFJacobs1995" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Louis_Jacobs&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Louis Jacobs (bado haujaandikwa)">Jacobs, Louis</a> (1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/jewishreligionco0000jaco"><i>The Jewish Religion: A Companion</i></a>. Oxford University Press. <a href="/w/index.php?title=ISBN_(identifier)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ISBN (identifier) (bado haujaandikwa)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Maalum:ZuiaChanzo/0-19-826463-1" title="Maalum:ZuiaChanzo/0-19-826463-1"><bdi>0-19-826463-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Jewish+Religion%3A+A+Companion&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=0-19-826463-1&rft.aulast=Jacobs&rft.aufirst=Louis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fjewishreligionco0000jaco&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsw.wikipedia.org%3AMuhammad" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1346650"><cite id="CITEREFKelsay1993" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Kelsay&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Kelsay (bado haujaandikwa)">Kelsay, John</a> (1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/islamwarstudyinc0000kels"><i>Islam and War: A Study in Comparative Ethics</i></a>. Westminster John Knox Press. <a href="/w/index.php?title=ISBN_(identifier)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ISBN (identifier) (bado haujaandikwa)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Maalum:ZuiaChanzo/0-664-25302-4" title="Maalum:ZuiaChanzo/0-664-25302-4"><bdi>0-664-25302-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Islam+and+War%3A+A+Study+in+Comparative+Ethics&rft.pub=Westminster+John+Knox+Press&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=0-664-25302-4&rft.aulast=Kelsay&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fislamwarstudyinc0000kels&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsw.wikipedia.org%3AMuhammad" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1346650"><cite id="CITEREFKhan1998" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Majid_Ali_Khan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Majid Ali Khan (bado haujaandikwa)">Khan, Majid Ali</a> (1998). <i>Muhammad The Final Messenger</i>. Islamic Book Service, New Delhi, 110002 (India). <a href="/w/index.php?title=ISBN_(identifier)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ISBN (identifier) (bado haujaandikwa)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Maalum:ZuiaChanzo/81-85738-25-4" title="Maalum:ZuiaChanzo/81-85738-25-4"><bdi>81-85738-25-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Muhammad+The+Final+Messenger&rft.pub=Islamic+Book+Service%2C+New+Delhi%2C+110002+%28India%29&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=81-85738-25-4&rft.aulast=Khan&rft.aufirst=Majid+Ali&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsw.wikipedia.org%3AMuhammad" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1346650"><cite id="CITEREFKochler1982" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hans_K%C3%B6chler&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hans Köchler (bado haujaandikwa)">Kochler, Hans</a> (1982). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/conceptofmonothe0000unse"><i>Concept of Monotheism in Islam & Christianity</i></a>. I.P.O. <a href="/w/index.php?title=ISBN_(identifier)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ISBN (identifier) (bado haujaandikwa)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Maalum:ZuiaChanzo/3-7003-0339-4" title="Maalum:ZuiaChanzo/3-7003-0339-4"><bdi>3-7003-0339-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Concept+of+Monotheism+in+Islam+%26+Christianity&rft.pub=I.P.O.&rft.date=1982&rft.isbn=3-7003-0339-4&rft.aulast=Kochler&rft.aufirst=Hans&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fconceptofmonothe0000unse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsw.wikipedia.org%3AMuhammad" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1346650"><cite id="CITEREFLapidus2002" class="citation book cs1">Lapidus, Ira (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/historyofislamic0000lapi_t2d2"><i>A History of Islamic Societies</i></a> (tol. la 2nd). Cambridge University Press. <a href="/w/index.php?title=ISBN_(identifier)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ISBN (identifier) (bado haujaandikwa)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Maalum:ZuiaChanzo/978-0-521-77933-3" title="Maalum:ZuiaChanzo/978-0-521-77933-3"><bdi>978-0-521-77933-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+Islamic+Societies&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0-521-77933-3&rft.aulast=Lapidus&rft.aufirst=Ira&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhistoryofislamic0000lapi_t2d2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsw.wikipedia.org%3AMuhammad" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1346650"><cite id="CITEREFLarsson2003" class="citation book cs1">Larsson, Göran (2003). <i>Ibn Garcia's Shu'Ubiyya Letter: Ethnic and Theological Tensions in Medieval Al-Andalus</i>. Brill Academic Publishers. <a href="/w/index.php?title=ISBN_(identifier)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ISBN (identifier) (bado haujaandikwa)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Maalum:ZuiaChanzo/90-04-12740-2" title="Maalum:ZuiaChanzo/90-04-12740-2"><bdi>90-04-12740-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ibn+Garcia%27s+Shu%27Ubiyya+Letter%3A+Ethnic+and+Theological+Tensions+in+Medieval+Al-Andalus&rft.pub=Brill+Academic+Publishers&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=90-04-12740-2&rft.aulast=Larsson&rft.aufirst=G%C3%B6ran&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsw.wikipedia.org%3AMuhammad" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1346650"><cite id="CITEREFLewis2002" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bernard_Lewis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bernard Lewis (bado haujaandikwa)">Lewis, Bernard</a> (2002) [1993]. <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Arabs_in_History&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Arabs in History (bado haujaandikwa)">The Arabs in History</a></i>. Oxford University Press. <a href="/w/index.php?title=ISBN_(identifier)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ISBN (identifier) (bado haujaandikwa)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Maalum:ZuiaChanzo/0-19-280310-7" title="Maalum:ZuiaChanzo/0-19-280310-7"><bdi>0-19-280310-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Arabs+in+History&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=0-19-280310-7&rft.aulast=Lewis&rft.aufirst=Bernard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsw.wikipedia.org%3AMuhammad" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1346650"><cite id="CITEREFLewis1992" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bernard_Lewis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bernard Lewis (bado haujaandikwa)">Lewis, Bernard</a> (1992). <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Race_and_Slavery_in_the_Middle_East&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Race and Slavery in the Middle East (bado haujaandikwa)">Race and Slavery in the Middle East: An Historical Enquiry</a></i> (tol. la Reprint). Oxford University Press, USA. <a href="/w/index.php?title=ISBN_(identifier)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ISBN (identifier) (bado haujaandikwa)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Maalum:ZuiaChanzo/978-0-19-505326-5" title="Maalum:ZuiaChanzo/978-0-19-505326-5"><bdi>978-0-19-505326-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Race+and+Slavery+in+the+Middle+East%3A+An+Historical+Enquiry&rft.edition=Reprint&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press%2C+USA&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=978-0-19-505326-5&rft.aulast=Lewis&rft.aufirst=Bernard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsw.wikipedia.org%3AMuhammad" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Lewis, Bernard. "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nybooks.com/articles/archives/1988/jan/21/islamic-revolution/">Islamic Revolution</a>", The New York Review of Books, 21 January 1998.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&rft.type=newspaperArticle&rft.subject=News&rft.aufirst=Bernard&rft.aulast=Lewis&rft.title=Islamic+Revolution&rft.identifier=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nybooks.com%2Farticles%2Farchives%2F1988%2Fjan%2F21%2Fislamic-revolution%2F&rft.publisher=The+New+York+Review+of+Books&rft.date=21+January+1998"> </span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1346650"><cite id="CITEREFLings1983" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Martin_Lings&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Martin Lings (bado haujaandikwa)">Lings, Martin</a> (1983). <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Muhammad:_His_Life_Based_on_the_Earliest_Sources&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Muhammad: His Life Based on the Earliest Sources (bado haujaandikwa)">Muhammad: His Life Based on the Earliest Sources</a></i>. Islamic Texts Society. <a href="/w/index.php?title=ISBN_(identifier)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ISBN (identifier) (bado haujaandikwa)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Maalum:ZuiaChanzo/978-0-946621-33-0" title="Maalum:ZuiaChanzo/978-0-946621-33-0"><bdi>978-0-946621-33-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Muhammad%3A+His+Life+Based+on+the+Earliest+Sources&rft.pub=Islamic+Texts+Society.&rft.date=1983&rft.isbn=978-0-946621-33-0&rft.aulast=Lings&rft.aufirst=Martin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsw.wikipedia.org%3AMuhammad" class="Z3988"></span> US edn. by Inner Traditions International, Ltd.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1346650"><cite id="CITEREFMadelung1997" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wilferd_Madelung&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wilferd Madelung (bado haujaandikwa)">Madelung, Wilferd</a> (1997). <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Succession_to_Muhammad&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Succession to Muhammad (bado haujaandikwa)">The Succession to Muhammad: A Study of the Early Caliphate</a></i>. Cambridge University Press. <a href="/w/index.php?title=ISBN_(identifier)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ISBN (identifier) (bado haujaandikwa)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Maalum:ZuiaChanzo/0-521-64696-0" title="Maalum:ZuiaChanzo/0-521-64696-0"><bdi>0-521-64696-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Succession+to+Muhammad%3A+A+Study+of+the+Early+Caliphate&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=0-521-64696-0&rft.aulast=Madelung&rft.aufirst=Wilferd&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsw.wikipedia.org%3AMuhammad" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1346650"><cite id="CITEREFMomen1985" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Moojan_Momen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Moojan Momen (bado haujaandikwa)">Momen, Moojan</a> (1985). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/introductiontosh0000unse_d5k7"><i>An Introduction to Shi'i Islam: The History and Doctrines of Twelver Shiʻism</i></a>. Yale University Press. <a href="/w/index.php?title=ISBN_(identifier)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ISBN (identifier) (bado haujaandikwa)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Maalum:ZuiaChanzo/0-300-03531-4" title="Maalum:ZuiaChanzo/0-300-03531-4"><bdi>0-300-03531-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=An+Introduction+to+Shi%27i+Islam%3A+The+History+and+Doctrines+of+Twelver+Shi%CA%BBism&rft.pub=Yale+University+Press&rft.date=1985&rft.isbn=0-300-03531-4&rft.aulast=Momen&rft.aufirst=Moojan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fintroductiontosh0000unse_d5k7&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsw.wikipedia.org%3AMuhammad" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1346650"><cite id="CITEREFNeusner2003" class="citation book cs1">Neusner, Jacob (2003). <i>God's Rule: The Politics of World Religions</i>. Georgetown University Press. <a href="/w/index.php?title=ISBN_(identifier)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ISBN (identifier) (bado haujaandikwa)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Maalum:ZuiaChanzo/0-87840-910-6" title="Maalum:ZuiaChanzo/0-87840-910-6"><bdi>0-87840-910-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=God%27s+Rule%3A+The+Politics+of+World+Religions&rft.pub=Georgetown+University+Press&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=0-87840-910-6&rft.aulast=Neusner&rft.aufirst=Jacob&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsw.wikipedia.org%3AMuhammad" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1346650"><cite id="CITEREFNigosian2004" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=S._A._Nigosian&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="S. A. Nigosian (bado haujaandikwa)">Nigosian, S. A.</a> (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/islamitshistoryt0000nigo"><i>Islam:Its History, Teaching, and Practices</i></a>. Indiana University Press. <a href="/w/index.php?title=ISBN_(identifier)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ISBN (identifier) (bado haujaandikwa)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Maalum:ZuiaChanzo/0-253-21627-3" title="Maalum:ZuiaChanzo/0-253-21627-3"><bdi>0-253-21627-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Islam%3AIts+History%2C+Teaching%2C+and+Practices&rft.pub=Indiana+University+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=0-253-21627-3&rft.aulast=Nigosian&rft.aufirst=S.+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fislamitshistoryt0000nigo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsw.wikipedia.org%3AMuhammad" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1346650"><cite id="CITEREFOrdoniMuhammad_Kazim_Qazwini1992" class="citation book cs1">Ordoni, Abu Muhammad; Muhammad Kazim Qazwini (1992). <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fatima_the_Gracious&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fatima the Gracious (bado haujaandikwa)">Fatima the Gracious</a></i>. Ansariyan Publications. <a href="/w/index.php?title=ASIN_(identifier)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ASIN (identifier) (bado haujaandikwa)">ASIN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amazon.com/dp/B000BWQ7N6">B000BWQ7N6</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Fatima+the+Gracious&rft.pub=Ansariyan+Publications&rft.date=1992&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.amazon.com%2Fdp%2FB000BWQ7N6%23id-name%3DASIN&rft.aulast=Ordoni&rft.aufirst=Abu+Muhammad&rft.au=Muhammad+Kazim+Qazwini&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsw.wikipedia.org%3AMuhammad" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1346650"><cite id="CITEREFPeters2003" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=F._E._Peters&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="F. E. Peters (bado haujaandikwa)">Peters, Francis Edward</a> (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/islamguideforjew00fepe"><i>Islam: A Guide for Jews and Christians</i></a>. Princeton University Press. <a href="/w/index.php?title=ISBN_(identifier)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ISBN (identifier) (bado haujaandikwa)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Maalum:ZuiaChanzo/0-691-11553-2" title="Maalum:ZuiaChanzo/0-691-11553-2"><bdi>0-691-11553-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Islam%3A+A+Guide+for+Jews+and+Christians&rft.pub=Princeton+University+Press&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=0-691-11553-2&rft.aulast=Peters&rft.aufirst=Francis+Edward&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fislamguideforjew00fepe&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsw.wikipedia.org%3AMuhammad" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1346650"><cite id="CITEREFPeters2003b" class="citation book cs1">Peters, Francis Edward (2003b). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/monotheistsjewsc00pete_0"><i>The Monotheists: Jews, Christians, and Muslims in Conflict and Competition</i></a>. Princeton University Press. <a href="/w/index.php?title=ISBN_(identifier)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ISBN (identifier) (bado haujaandikwa)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Maalum:ZuiaChanzo/0-691-11461-7" title="Maalum:ZuiaChanzo/0-691-11461-7"><bdi>0-691-11461-7</bdi></a>. ASIN: B0012385Z6.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Monotheists%3A+Jews%2C+Christians%2C+and+Muslims+in+Conflict+and+Competition&rft.pub=Princeton+University+Press&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=0-691-11461-7&rft.aulast=Peters&rft.aufirst=Francis+Edward&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmonotheistsjewsc00pete_0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsw.wikipedia.org%3AMuhammad" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1346650"><cite id="CITEREFPeters1994" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=F._E._Peters&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="F. E. Peters (bado haujaandikwa)">Peters, Francis Edward</a> (1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/muhammadorigins00pete"><i>Muhammad and the Origins of Islam</i></a>. SUNY Press. <a href="/w/index.php?title=ISBN_(identifier)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ISBN (identifier) (bado haujaandikwa)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Maalum:ZuiaChanzo/0-7914-1876-6" title="Maalum:ZuiaChanzo/0-7914-1876-6"><bdi>0-7914-1876-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Muhammad+and+the+Origins+of+Islam&rft.pub=SUNY+Press&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=0-7914-1876-6&rft.aulast=Peters&rft.aufirst=Francis+Edward&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmuhammadorigins00pete&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsw.wikipedia.org%3AMuhammad" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1346650"><cite id="CITEREFPeters,_F._E.1991" class="citation journal cs1">Peters, F. E. (1991). "<a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Quest_of_the_Historical_Muhammad_(Peters)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Quest of the Historical Muhammad (Peters) (bado haujaandikwa)">The Quest of the Historical Muhammad</a>". <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Journal_of_Middle_East_Studies&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="International Journal of Middle East Studies (bado haujaandikwa)">International Journal of Middle East Studies</a></i>. <b>23</b> (3): 291–315. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Doi_(identifier)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Doi (identifier) (bado haujaandikwa)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS0020743800056312">10.1017/S0020743800056312</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Middle+East+Studies&rft.atitle=The+Quest+of+the+Historical+Muhammad&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=291-315&rft.date=1991&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS0020743800056312&rft.au=Peters%2C+F.+E.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsw.wikipedia.org%3AMuhammad" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1346650"><cite id="CITEREFPeterson2007" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Daniel_C._Peterson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Daniel C. Peterson (bado haujaandikwa)">Peterson, Daniel</a> (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/muhammadpropheto0000pete"><i>Muhammad, Prophet of God</i></a>. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Company. <a href="/w/index.php?title=ISBN_(identifier)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ISBN (identifier) (bado haujaandikwa)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Maalum:ZuiaChanzo/0-8028-0754-2" title="Maalum:ZuiaChanzo/0-8028-0754-2"><bdi>0-8028-0754-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Muhammad%2C+Prophet+of+God&rft.pub=Wm.+B.+Eerdmans+Publishing+Company&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=0-8028-0754-2&rft.aulast=Peterson&rft.aufirst=Daniel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmuhammadpropheto0000pete&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsw.wikipedia.org%3AMuhammad" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1346650"><cite id="CITEREFRahman1979" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fazlur_Rahman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fazlur Rahman (bado haujaandikwa)">Rahman, Fazlur</a> (1979). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780226702810"><i>Islam</i></a>. University of Chicago Press. <a href="/w/index.php?title=ISBN_(identifier)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ISBN (identifier) (bado haujaandikwa)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Maalum:ZuiaChanzo/0-226-70281-2" title="Maalum:ZuiaChanzo/0-226-70281-2"><bdi>0-226-70281-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Islam&rft.pub=University+of+Chicago+Press&rft.date=1979&rft.isbn=0-226-70281-2&rft.aulast=Rahman&rft.aufirst=Fazlur&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fisbn_9780226702810&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsw.wikipedia.org%3AMuhammad" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1346650"><cite id="CITEREFRamadan2007" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tariq_Ramadan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tariq Ramadan (bado haujaandikwa)">Ramadan, Tariq</a> (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/infootstepsofpro00rama"><i>In the Footsteps of the Prophet: Lessons from the Life of Muhammad</i></a>. Oxford University Press. <a href="/w/index.php?title=ISBN_(identifier)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ISBN (identifier) (bado haujaandikwa)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Maalum:ZuiaChanzo/0-19-530880-8" title="Maalum:ZuiaChanzo/0-19-530880-8"><bdi>0-19-530880-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=In+the+Footsteps+of+the+Prophet%3A+Lessons+from+the+Life+of+Muhammad&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=0-19-530880-8&rft.aulast=Ramadan&rft.aufirst=Tariq&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Finfootstepsofpro00rama&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsw.wikipedia.org%3AMuhammad" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1346650"><cite id="CITEREFRazwi1997" class="citation book cs1">Razwi, Ali Asgher (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/restatementofhis0000razw"><i>A Restatement of the History of Islam and Muslims</i></a>. World Federation of K S I Muslim Communities Islamic Centre. <a href="/w/index.php?title=ISBN_(identifier)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ISBN (identifier) (bado haujaandikwa)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Maalum:ZuiaChanzo/0-9509879-1-3" title="Maalum:ZuiaChanzo/0-9509879-1-3"><bdi>0-9509879-1-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Restatement+of+the+History+of+Islam+and+Muslims&rft.pub=World+Federation+of+K+S+I+Muslim+Communities+Islamic+Centre&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=0-9509879-1-3&rft.aulast=Razwi&rft.aufirst=Ali+Asgher&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Frestatementofhis0000razw&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsw.wikipedia.org%3AMuhammad" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1346650"><cite id="CITEREFReeves2003" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Minou_Reeves&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Minou Reeves (bado haujaandikwa)">Reeves, Minou</a> (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/muhammadineurope0000mino"><i>Muhammad in Europe: A Thousand Years of Western Myth-Making</i></a>. NYU Press. <a href="/w/index.php?title=ISBN_(identifier)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ISBN (identifier) (bado haujaandikwa)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Maalum:ZuiaChanzo/978-0-8147-7564-6" title="Maalum:ZuiaChanzo/978-0-8147-7564-6"><bdi>978-0-8147-7564-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Muhammad+in+Europe%3A+A+Thousand+Years+of+Western+Myth-Making&rft.pub=NYU+Press&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0-8147-7564-6&rft.aulast=Reeves&rft.aufirst=Minou&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmuhammadineurope0000mino&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsw.wikipedia.org%3AMuhammad" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1346650"><cite id="CITEREFRobinson2004" class="citation book cs1">Robinson, David (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/muslimsocietiesi0000robi"><i>Muslim Societies in African History</i></a>. Cambridge University Press. <a href="/w/index.php?title=ISBN_(identifier)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ISBN (identifier) (bado haujaandikwa)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Maalum:ZuiaChanzo/0-521-82627-6" title="Maalum:ZuiaChanzo/0-521-82627-6"><bdi>0-521-82627-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Muslim+Societies+in+African+History&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=0-521-82627-6&rft.aulast=Robinson&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmuslimsocietiesi0000robi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsw.wikipedia.org%3AMuhammad" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1346650"><cite id="CITEREFRodinson,_Maxime2002" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maxime_Rodinson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Maxime Rodinson (bado haujaandikwa)">Rodinson, Maxime</a> (2002). <i>Muhammad: Prophet of Islam</i>. Tauris Parke Paperbacks. <a href="/w/index.php?title=ISBN_(identifier)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ISBN (identifier) (bado haujaandikwa)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Maalum:ZuiaChanzo/1-86064-827-4" title="Maalum:ZuiaChanzo/1-86064-827-4"><bdi>1-86064-827-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Muhammad%3A+Prophet+of+Islam&rft.pub=Tauris+Parke+Paperbacks&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=1-86064-827-4&rft.au=Rodinson%2C+Maxime&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsw.wikipedia.org%3AMuhammad" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1346650"><cite id="CITEREFRue2005" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Loyal_Rue&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Loyal Rue (bado haujaandikwa)">Rue, Loyal</a> (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/religionisnotabo0000ruel"><i>Religion Is Not about God: How Spiritual Traditions Nurture Our Biological</i></a>. Rutgers. <a href="/w/index.php?title=ISBN_(identifier)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ISBN (identifier) (bado haujaandikwa)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Maalum:ZuiaChanzo/0-8135-3955-2" title="Maalum:ZuiaChanzo/0-8135-3955-2"><bdi>0-8135-3955-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Religion+Is+Not+about+God%3A+How+Spiritual+Traditions+Nurture+Our+Biological&rft.pub=Rutgers&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=0-8135-3955-2&rft.aulast=Rue&rft.aufirst=Loyal&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Freligionisnotabo0000ruel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsw.wikipedia.org%3AMuhammad" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1346650"><cite id="CITEREFSerin1998" class="citation book cs1">Serin, Muhittin (1998). <i>Hattat Aziz Efendi</i>. Istanbul. <a href="/w/index.php?title=ISBN_(identifier)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ISBN (identifier) (bado haujaandikwa)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Maalum:ZuiaChanzo/975-7663-03-4" title="Maalum:ZuiaChanzo/975-7663-03-4"><bdi>975-7663-03-4</bdi></a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=OCLC_(identifier)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="OCLC (identifier) (bado haujaandikwa)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/51718704">51718704</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hattat+Aziz+Efendi&rft.pub=Istanbul&rft.date=1998&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F51718704&rft.isbn=975-7663-03-4&rft.aulast=Serin&rft.aufirst=Muhittin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsw.wikipedia.org%3AMuhammad" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1346650"><cite id="CITEREFSikand2004" class="citation book cs1">Sikand, Yoginder (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/muslimsinindiasi0000sika"><i>Muslims in India since 1947: Islamic perspectives on inter-faith relations</i></a>. London: RoutledgeCurzon. <a href="/w/index.php?title=ISBN_(identifier)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ISBN (identifier) (bado haujaandikwa)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Maalum:ZuiaChanzo/0-415-31486-0" title="Maalum:ZuiaChanzo/0-415-31486-0"><bdi>0-415-31486-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Muslims+in+India+since+1947%3A+Islamic+perspectives+on+inter-faith+relations&rft.place=London&rft.pub=RoutledgeCurzon&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=0-415-31486-0&rft.aulast=Sikand&rft.aufirst=Yoginder&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmuslimsinindiasi0000sika&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsw.wikipedia.org%3AMuhammad" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1346650"><cite id="CITEREFTabatabae" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Allameh_Tabatabaei&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Allameh Tabatabaei (bado haujaandikwa)">Tabatabae, Sayyid Mohammad Hosayn</a>. <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tafsir_al-Mizan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tafsir al-Mizan (bado haujaandikwa)">AL-MIZAN:AN EXEGESIS OF THE QUR'AN</a>, translation by S. Saeed Rizvi</i>. WOFIS. <a href="/w/index.php?title=ISBN_(identifier)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ISBN (identifier) (bado haujaandikwa)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Maalum:ZuiaChanzo/964-6521-14-2" title="Maalum:ZuiaChanzo/964-6521-14-2"><bdi>964-6521-14-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=AL-MIZAN%3AAN+EXEGESIS+OF+THE+QUR%27AN%2C+translation+by+S.+Saeed+Rizvi&rft.pub=WOFIS&rft.isbn=964-6521-14-2&rft.aulast=Tabatabae&rft.aufirst=Sayyid+Mohammad+Hosayn&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsw.wikipedia.org%3AMuhammad" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1346650"><cite id="CITEREFTeed1992" class="citation book cs1">Teed, Peter (1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/dictionaryoftwen00teed"><i>A Dictionary of Twentieth Century History</i></a>. Oxford University Press. <a href="/w/index.php?title=ISBN_(identifier)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ISBN (identifier) (bado haujaandikwa)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Maalum:ZuiaChanzo/0-19-211676-2" title="Maalum:ZuiaChanzo/0-19-211676-2"><bdi>0-19-211676-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Dictionary+of+Twentieth+Century+History&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=0-19-211676-2&rft.aulast=Teed&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fdictionaryoftwen00teed&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsw.wikipedia.org%3AMuhammad" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1346650"><cite id="CITEREFTurner2005" class="citation book cs1">Turner, Colin (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/islambasics0000turn"><i>Islam: The Basics</i></a>. Routledge. <a href="/w/index.php?title=ISBN_(identifier)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ISBN (identifier) (bado haujaandikwa)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Maalum:ZuiaChanzo/0-415-34106-X" title="Maalum:ZuiaChanzo/0-415-34106-X"><bdi>0-415-34106-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Islam%3A+The+Basics&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=0-415-34106-X&rft.aulast=Turner&rft.aufirst=Colin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fislambasics0000turn&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsw.wikipedia.org%3AMuhammad" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1346650"><cite id="CITEREFWatt1961" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Montgomery_Watt&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="William Montgomery Watt (bado haujaandikwa)">Watt, W. Montgomery</a> (1961). <i>Muhammad: Prophet and Statesman</i>. Oxford University Press. <a href="/w/index.php?title=ISBN_(identifier)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ISBN (identifier) (bado haujaandikwa)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Maalum:ZuiaChanzo/0-19-881078-4" title="Maalum:ZuiaChanzo/0-19-881078-4"><bdi>0-19-881078-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Muhammad%3A+Prophet+and+Statesman&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1961&rft.isbn=0-19-881078-4&rft.aulast=Watt&rft.aufirst=W.+Montgomery&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsw.wikipedia.org%3AMuhammad" class="Z3988"></span> (New edition 1974)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1346650"><cite id="CITEREFWatt1956" class="citation book cs1">Watt, W. Montgomery (1956). <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Muhammad_at_Medina_(book)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Muhammad at Medina (book) (bado haujaandikwa)">Muhammad at Medina</a></i>. Oxford University Press. <a href="/w/index.php?title=ISBN_(identifier)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ISBN (identifier) (bado haujaandikwa)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Maalum:ZuiaChanzo/0-19-577307-1" title="Maalum:ZuiaChanzo/0-19-577307-1"><bdi>0-19-577307-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Muhammad+at+Medina&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1956&rft.isbn=0-19-577307-1&rft.aulast=Watt&rft.aufirst=W.+Montgomery&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsw.wikipedia.org%3AMuhammad" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1346650"><cite id="CITEREFWatt1953" class="citation book cs1">Watt, W. Montgomery (1953). <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Muhammad_at_Mecca_(book)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Muhammad at Mecca (book) (bado haujaandikwa)">Muhammad at Mecca</a></i>. Oxford University Press. <a href="/w/index.php?title=ISBN_(identifier)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ISBN (identifier) (bado haujaandikwa)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Maalum:ZuiaChanzo/0-19-577277-6" title="Maalum:ZuiaChanzo/0-19-577277-6"><bdi>0-19-577277-6</bdi></a>. ASIN: B000IUA52A.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Muhammad+at+Mecca&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1953&rft.isbn=0-19-577277-6&rft.aulast=Watt&rft.aufirst=W.+Montgomery&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsw.wikipedia.org%3AMuhammad" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1346650"><cite id="CITEREFWeilSandersDunning1895" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gustav_Weil&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gustav Weil (bado haujaandikwa)">Weil, Gustav</a>; Sanders, Frank K.; Dunning, Harry W. (1895). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/sim_biblical-world_1895-03_5_3/page/181">"An Introduction to the Quran"</a>. <i>The Biblical World</i>. <b>5</b> (3). The University of Chicago Press: 181–191. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Doi_(identifier)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Doi (identifier) (bado haujaandikwa)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1086%2F471621">10.1086/471621</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=JSTOR_(identifier)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="JSTOR (identifier) (bado haujaandikwa)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/3135387">3135387</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Biblical+World&rft.atitle=An+Introduction+to+the+Quran&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=181-191&rft.date=1895&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1086%2F471621&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F3135387%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Weil&rft.aufirst=Gustav&rft.au=Sanders%2C+Frank+K.&rft.au=Dunning%2C+Harry+W.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsim_biblical-world_1895-03_5_3%2Fpage%2F181&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsw.wikipedia.org%3AMuhammad" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1346650"><cite id="CITEREFWeil1895" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gustav_Weil&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gustav Weil (bado haujaandikwa)">Weil, Gustav</a> (1895). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/sim_biblical-world_1895-04_5_4/page/273">"An Introduction to the Quran II"</a>. <i>The Biblical World</i>. <b>5</b> (4). The University of Chicago Press: 273–286. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Doi_(identifier)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Doi (identifier) (bado haujaandikwa)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1086%2F471639">10.1086/471639</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=JSTOR_(identifier)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="JSTOR (identifier) (bado haujaandikwa)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/3135160">3135160</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Biblical+World&rft.atitle=An+Introduction+to+the+Quran+II&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=273-286&rft.date=1895&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1086%2F471639&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F3135160%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Weil&rft.aufirst=Gustav&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsim_biblical-world_1895-04_5_4%2Fpage%2F273&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsw.wikipedia.org%3AMuhammad" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kamusi_elezo">Kamusi elezo</h3></div> <div class="references-small" style="-moz-column-count:30em; -webkit-column-count:30em; column-count:30em;margin-left:1.5em;"> <ul><li><span class="citation book">William H. McNeill, Jerry H. Bentley, David Christian, ed. (2005). <i>Berkshire Encyclopedia of World History</i>. Berkshire Publishing Group. <span class="noprint"><a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Maalum:ZuiaChanzo/978-0-9743091-0-1" title="Maalum:ZuiaChanzo/978-0-9743091-0-1">978-0-9743091-0-1</a></span></span></li></ul> <pre> . </pre> <ul><li><span class="citation book">Richard C. Martin, Said Amir Arjomand, Marcia Hermansen, Abdulkader Tayob, Rochelle Davis, John Obert Voll, ed. (2003). <i>Encyclopedia of Islam & the Muslim World</i>. MacMillan Reference Books. <span class="noprint"><a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Maalum:ZuiaChanzo/978-0-02-865603-8" title="Maalum:ZuiaChanzo/978-0-02-865603-8">978-0-02-865603-8</a></span></span></li></ul> <pre> . </pre> <ul><li><span class="citation book">P. J. Bearman, Th. Bianquis, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Clifford_Edmund_Bosworth&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Clifford Edmund Bosworth (bado haujaandikwa)">C. E. Bosworth</a>, E. van Donzel, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wolfhart_Heinrichs&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wolfhart Heinrichs (bado haujaandikwa)">W. P. Heinrichs</a>, ed. <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Encyclopaedia_of_Islam&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Encyclopaedia of Islam (bado haujaandikwa)">Encyclopaedia of Islam</a> Online</i>. Brill Academic Publishers. <span class="noprint"><a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.worldcat.org/issn/1573-3912">1573-3912</a></span></span></li></ul> <pre> . </pre> <ul><li><span class="citation book">Lindsay Jones, ed. (2005). <i>Encyclopedia of Religion</i> (2nd ed.). MacMillan Reference Books. <span class="noprint"><a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Maalum:ZuiaChanzo/978-0-02-865733-2" title="Maalum:ZuiaChanzo/978-0-02-865733-2">978-0-02-865733-2</a></span></span></li></ul> <pre> . </pre> <ul><li><span class="citation book">Jane Dammen McAuliffe, ed. (2005). <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Encyclopedia_of_the_Qur%27an&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Encyclopedia of the Qur'an (bado haujaandikwa)">Encyclopedia of the Qur'an</a></i>. Brill Academic Publishers. <span class="noprint"><a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Maalum:ZuiaChanzo/978-90-04-12356-4" title="Maalum:ZuiaChanzo/978-90-04-12356-4">978-90-04-12356-4</a></span></span></li></ul> <pre> . </pre> <ul><li><span class="citation book"> <i>Encyclopedia of World History</i>. Oxford University Press. 1998. <span class="noprint"><a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Maalum:ZuiaChanzo/0-19-860223-5" title="Maalum:ZuiaChanzo/0-19-860223-5">0-19-860223-5</a></span></span></li></ul> <pre> . </pre> <ul><li><span class="citation book"> <i>The New Encyclopædia Britannica</i> (Rev ed.). Encyclopædia Britannica, Incorporated. 2005. <span class="noprint"><a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Maalum:ZuiaChanzo/978-1-59339-236-9" title="Maalum:ZuiaChanzo/978-1-59339-236-9">978-1-59339-236-9</a></span></span></li></ul> <pre> . </pre> </div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Rudishwa kutoka "<a dir="ltr" href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Muhammad&oldid=1347374">https://sw.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Muhammad&oldid=1347374</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Maalum:Jamii" title="Maalum:Jamii">Jamii</a>: <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jamii:Pages_using_the_JsonConfig_extension&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jamii:Pages using the JsonConfig extension (bado haujaandikwa)">Pages using the JsonConfig extension</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jamii:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jamii:CS1 maint: date auto-translated (bado haujaandikwa)">CS1 maint: date auto-translated</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jamii:CS1_maint:_unrecognized_language&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jamii:CS1 maint: unrecognized language (bado haujaandikwa)">CS1 maint: unrecognized language</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jamii:CS1_errors:_unsupported_parameter&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jamii:CS1 errors: unsupported parameter (bado haujaandikwa)">CS1 errors: unsupported parameter</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Jamii:Uislamu" title="Jamii:Uislamu">Uislamu</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Jamii:Watu_wa_Kurani" title="Jamii:Watu wa Kurani">Watu wa Kurani</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Jamii:Mitume_katika_Uislamu" title="Jamii:Mitume katika Uislamu">Mitume katika Uislamu</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Ukurasa huu umebadilishwa kwa mara ya mwisho tarehe 17 Agosti 2024, saa 23:06.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Maandishi yanapatikana chini ya leseni ya <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License</a>; matakwa mengine yanaweza kutakiwa. 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