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detector</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: direction detector"> <meta name="keywords" content="direction detector"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none 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action="https://publications.waset.org/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="direction detector"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 827</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: direction detector</h1> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">827</span> Development and Evaluation of a Portable Ammonia Gas Detector</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Jaheon%20Gu">Jaheon Gu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Wooyong%20Chung"> Wooyong Chung</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Mijung%20Koo"> Mijung Koo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Seonbok%20Lee"> Seonbok Lee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Gyoutae%20Park"> Gyoutae Park</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Sangguk%20Ahn"> Sangguk Ahn</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Hiesik%20Kim"> Hiesik Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Jungil%20Park"> Jungil Park</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>In this paper, we present a portable ammonia gas detector for performing the gas safety management efficiently. The display of the detector is separated from its body. The display module is received the data measured from the detector using ZigBee. The detector has a rechargeable li-ion battery which can be use for 11~12 hours, and a Bluetooth module for sending the data to the PC or the smart devices. The data are sent to the server and can access using the web browser or mobile application. The range of the detection concentration is 0~100ppm.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Ammonia" title="Ammonia">Ammonia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=detector" title=" detector"> detector</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=gas%20safety" title=" gas safety"> gas safety</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=portable." title=" portable. "> portable. </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004065/development-and-evaluation-of-a-portable-ammonia-gas-detector" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004065/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004065/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004065/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004065/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004065/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004065/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004065/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004065/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004065/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004065/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004065.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1538</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">826</span> Investigation of the Effect of Pressure Changes on the Gas Proportional Detector</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=S.%20M.%20Golgoun">S. M. Golgoun</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=S.%20M.%20Taheri"> S. M. Taheri</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>Investigation of radioactive contamination of personnel working in radiation centers to identify radioactive materials and then measure the potential contamination and eliminate it has always been considered. Various ways have been proposed to detect radiation so far and different detectors have been designed. A gas sealed proportional counter is one of these detectors which has special working conditions. In this research, a gas sealed detector of proportional counter type was made and then its various parameters were investigated. Some parameters are influential on their working conditions and one of these most important parameters is the internal pressure of the proportional gas-filled detector. In this experimental research, we produced software for examination and altering high voltage, registering data, and calculating efficiency of the detector. By this, we investigated different gas pressure effects on detector efficiency and proposed optimizing working conditions of this detector. After reviewing the results, we suggested a range between 20-30 mbar pressure for this gas sealed detector.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Gas%20sealed%20detector" title="Gas sealed detector">Gas sealed detector</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=proportional%20detector" title=" proportional detector"> proportional detector</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=gas%20pressure%20measurement" title=" gas pressure measurement"> gas pressure measurement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=counter." title=" counter."> counter.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013003/investigation-of-the-effect-of-pressure-changes-on-the-gas-proportional-detector" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013003/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013003/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013003/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013003/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013003/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013003/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013003/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013003/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013003/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013003/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013003.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">350</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">825</span> Research and Design on a Portable Intravehicular Ultrasonic Leak Detector for Manned Spacecraft</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Yan%20Rongxin">Yan Rongxin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Sun%20Wei"> Sun Wei</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Li%20Weidan"> Li Weidan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>Based on the acoustics cascade sound theory, the mechanism of air leak sound producing, transmitting and signal detecting has been analyzed. A formula of the sound power, leak size and air pressure in the spacecraft has been built, and the relationship between leak sound pressure and receiving direction and distance has been studied. The center frequency in millimeter diameter leak is more than 20 kHz. The situation of air leaking from spacecraft to space has been simulated and an experiment of different leak size and testing distance and direction has been done. The sound pressure is in direct proportion to the cosine of the angle of leak to sensor. The portable ultrasonic leak detector has been developed, whose minimal leak rate is 10<sup>-1</sup> Pa·m<sup>3</sup>/s, the testing radius is longer than 20 mm, the mass is less than 1.0 kg, and the electric power is less than 2.2 W.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Leak%20detection" title="Leak detection">Leak detection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=manned%20spacecraft" title=" manned spacecraft"> manned spacecraft</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=ultrasonic" title=" ultrasonic"> ultrasonic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=sound%20transmitting." title=" sound transmitting."> sound transmitting.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007176/research-and-design-on-a-portable-intravehicular-ultrasonic-leak-detector-for-manned-spacecraft" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007176/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007176/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007176/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007176/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007176/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007176/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007176/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007176/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007176/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007176/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007176.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">964</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">824</span> A 3.125Gb/s Clock and Data Recovery Circuit Using 1/4-Rate Technique</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Il-Do%20Jeong">Il-Do Jeong</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Hang-Geun%20Jeong"> Hang-Geun Jeong</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>This paper describes the design and fabrication of a clock and data recovery circuit (CDR). We propose a new clock and data recovery which is based on a 1/4-rate frequency detector (QRFD). The proposed frequency detector helps reduce the VCO frequency and is thus advantageous for high speed application. The proposed frequency detector can achieve low jitter operation and extend the pull-in range without using the reference clock. The proposed CDR was implemented using a 1/4-rate bang-bang type phase detector (PD) and a ring voltage controlled oscillator (VCO). The CDR circuit has been fabricated in a standard 0.18 CMOS technology. It occupies an active area of 1 x 1 and consumes 90 mW from a single 1.8V supply.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Clock%20and%20data%20recovery" title="Clock and data recovery">Clock and data recovery</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=1%2F4-rate%20frequency%20detector" title=" 1/4-rate frequency detector"> 1/4-rate frequency detector</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=1%2F4-rate%20phase%20detector." title=" 1/4-rate phase detector."> 1/4-rate phase detector.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3344/a-3125gbs-clock-and-data-recovery-circuit-using-14-rate-technique" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3344/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3344/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3344/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3344/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3344/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3344/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3344/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3344/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3344/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3344/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3344.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2927</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">823</span> The Performance Improvement of the Target Position Determining System in Laser Tracking Based on 4Q Detector using Neural Network</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=A.%20Salmanpour">A. Salmanpour</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Sh.%20Mohammad%20Nejad"> Sh. Mohammad Nejad</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> One of the methods for detecting the target position error in the laser tracking systems is using Four Quadrant (4Q) detectors. If the coordinates of the target center is yielded through the usual relations of the detector outputs, the results will be nonlinear, dependent on the shape, target size and its position on the detector screen. In this paper we have designed an algorithm with using neural network that coordinates of the target center in laser tracking systems is calculated by using detector outputs obtained from visual modeling. With this method, the results except from the part related to the detector intrinsic limitation, are linear and dependent from the shape and target size. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=four%20quadrant%20detector" title="four quadrant detector">four quadrant detector</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=laser%20tracking%20system" title=" laser tracking system"> laser tracking system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=rangefinder" title="rangefinder">rangefinder</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=tracking%20sensor" title=" tracking sensor"> tracking sensor</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10347/the-performance-improvement-of-the-target-position-determining-system-in-laser-tracking-based-on-4q-detector-using-neural-network" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10347/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10347/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10347/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10347/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10347/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10347/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10347/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10347/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10347/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10347/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10347.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2207</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">822</span> The Effects of Detector Spacing on Travel Time Prediction on Freeways</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Piyali%20Chaudhuri">Piyali Chaudhuri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Peter%20T.%20Martin"> Peter T. Martin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Aleksandar%20Z.%20Stevanovic"> Aleksandar Z. Stevanovic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Chongkai%20Zhu"> Chongkai Zhu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Loop detectors report traffic characteristics in real time. They are at the core of traffic control process. Intuitively, one would expect that as density of detection increases, so would the quality of estimates derived from detector data. However, as detector deployment increases, the associated operating and maintenance cost increases. Thus, traffic agencies often need to decide where to add new detectors and which detectors should continue receiving maintenance, given their resource constraints. This paper evaluates the effect of detector spacing on freeway travel time estimation. A freeway section (Interstate-15) in Salt Lake City metropolitan region is examined. The research reveals that travel time accuracy does not necessarily deteriorate with increased detector spacing. Rather, the actual location of detectors has far greater influence on the quality of travel time estimates. The study presents an innovative computational approach that delivers optimal detector locations through a process that relies on Genetic Algorithm formulation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Detector" title="Detector">Detector</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Freeway" title=" Freeway"> Freeway</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Genetic%20algorithm" title=" Genetic algorithm"> Genetic algorithm</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Travel%20timeestimate." title=" Travel timeestimate."> Travel timeestimate.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6071/the-effects-of-detector-spacing-on-travel-time-prediction-on-freeways" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6071/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6071/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6071/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6071/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6071/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6071/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6071/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6071/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6071/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6071/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6071.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1669</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">821</span> Performance Analysis of the Time-Based and Periodogram-Based Energy Detector for Spectrum Sensing</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Sadaf%20Nawaz">Sadaf Nawaz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Adnan%20Ahmed%20Khan"> Adnan Ahmed Khan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Asad%20Mahmood"> Asad Mahmood</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Chaudhary%20Farrukh%20Javed"> Chaudhary Farrukh Javed </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>Classically, an energy detector is implemented in time domain (TD). However, frequency domain (FD) based energy detector has demonstrated an improved performance. This paper presents a comparison between the two approaches as to analyze their pros and cons. A detailed performance analysis of the classical TD energy-detector and the periodogram based detector is performed. Exact and approximate mathematical expressions for probability of false alarm (Pf) and probability of detection (Pd) are derived for both approaches. The derived expressions naturally lead to an analytical as well as intuitive reasoning for the improved performance of (Pf) and (Pd) in different scenarios. Our analysis suggests the dependence improvement on buffer sizes. Pf is improved in FD, whereas Pd is enhanced in TD based energy detectors. Finally, Monte Carlo simulations results demonstrate the analysis reached by the derived expressions.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Cognitive%20radio" title="Cognitive radio">Cognitive radio</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=energy%20detector" title=" energy detector"> energy detector</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=periodogram" title=" periodogram"> periodogram</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=spectrum%20sensing." title=" spectrum sensing."> spectrum sensing.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007206/performance-analysis-of-the-time-based-and-periodogram-based-energy-detector-for-spectrum-sensing" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007206/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007206/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007206/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007206/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007206/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007206/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007206/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007206/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007206/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007206/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007206.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1030</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">820</span> A Comparison of Experimental Data with Monte Carlo Calculations for Optimisation of the Sourceto- Detector Distance in Determining the Efficiency of a LaBr3:Ce (5%) Detector</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=H.%20Aldousari">H. Aldousari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=T.%20Buchacher"> T. Buchacher</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=N.%20M.%20Spyrou"> N. M. Spyrou</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>Cerium-doped lanthanum bromide LaBr3:Ce(5%) crystals are considered to be one of the most advanced scintillator materials used in PET scanning, combining a high light yield, fast decay time and excellent energy resolution. Apart from the correct choice of scintillator, it is also important to optimise the detector geometry, not least in terms of source-to-detector distance in order to obtain reliable measurements and efficiency. In this study a commercially available 25 mm x 25 mm BrilLanCeTM 380 LaBr3: Ce (5%) detector was characterised in terms of its efficiency at varying source-to-detector distances. Gamma-ray spectra of 22Na, 60Co, and 137Cs were separately acquired at distances of 5, 10, 15, and 20cm. As a result of the change in solid angle subtended by the detector, the geometric efficiency reduced in efficiency with increasing distance. High efficiencies at low distances can cause pulse pile-up when subsequent photons are detected before previously detected events have decayed. To reduce this systematic error the source-to-detector distance should be balanced between efficiency and pulse pile-up suppression as otherwise pile-up corrections would need to be necessary at short distances. In addition to the experimental measurements Monte Carlo simulations have been carried out for the same setup, allowing a comparison of results. The advantages and disadvantages of each approach have been highlighted.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=BrilLanCeTM380%20LaBr3%3ACe%285%25%29" title="BrilLanCeTM380 LaBr3:Ce(5%)">BrilLanCeTM380 LaBr3:Ce(5%)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Coincidence%0D%0Asumming" title=" Coincidence summing"> Coincidence summing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=GATE%20simulation" title=" GATE simulation"> GATE simulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Geometric%20efficiency" title=" Geometric efficiency"> Geometric efficiency</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16505/a-comparison-of-experimental-data-with-monte-carlo-calculations-for-optimisation-of-the-sourceto-detector-distance-in-determining-the-efficiency-of-a-labr3ce-5-detector" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16505/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16505/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16505/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16505/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16505/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16505/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16505/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16505/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16505/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16505/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16505.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1891</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">819</span> Day/Night Detector for Vehicle Tracking in Traffic Monitoring Systems</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=M.%20Taha">M. Taha</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Hala%20H.%20Zayed"> Hala H. Zayed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=T.%20Nazmy"> T. Nazmy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=M.%20Khalifa"> M. Khalifa</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Recently, traffic monitoring has attracted the attention of computer vision researchers. Many algorithms have been developed to detect and track moving vehicles. In fact, vehicle tracking in daytime and in nighttime cannot be approached with the same techniques, due to the extreme different illumination conditions. Consequently, traffic-monitoring systems are in need of having a component to differentiate between daytime and nighttime scenes. In this paper, a HSV-based day/night detector is proposed for traffic monitoring scenes. The detector employs the hue-histogram and the value-histogram on the top half of the image frame. Experimental results show that the extraction of the brightness features along with the color features within the top region of the image is effective for classifying traffic scenes. In addition, the detector achieves high precision and recall rates along with it is feasible for real time applications. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Day%2Fnight%20detector" title="Day/night detector">Day/night detector</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=daytime%2Fnighttime%20classification" title=" daytime/nighttime classification"> daytime/nighttime classification</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=image%20classification" title=" image classification"> image classification</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=vehicle%20tracking" title=" vehicle tracking"> vehicle tracking</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=traffic%20monitoring." title=" traffic monitoring."> traffic monitoring.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003389/daynight-detector-for-vehicle-tracking-in-traffic-monitoring-systems" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003389/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003389/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003389/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003389/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003389/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003389/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003389/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003389/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003389/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003389/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003389.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">4508</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">818</span> Basic Study of Mammographic Image Magnification System with Eye-Detector and Simple EEG Scanner</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=A.%20Umemuro">A. Umemuro</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=M.%20Sato"> M. Sato</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=M.%20Narita"> M. Narita</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=S.%20Hori"> S. Hori</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=S.%20Sakurai"> S. Sakurai</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=T.%20Nakayama"> T. Nakayama</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=A.%20Nakazawa"> A. Nakazawa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=T.%20Ogura"> T. Ogura</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>Mammography requires the detection of very small calcifications, and physicians search for microcalcifications by magnifying the images as they read them. The mouse is necessary to zoom in on the images, but this can be tiring and distracting when many images are read in a single day. Therefore, an image magnification system combining an eye-detector and a simple electroencephalograph (EEG) scanner was devised, and its operability was evaluated. Two experiments were conducted in this study: the measurement of eye-detection error using an eye-detector and the measurement of the time required for image magnification using a simple EEG scanner. Eye-detector validation showed that the mean distance of eye-detection error ranged from 0.64 cm to 2.17 cm, with an overall mean of 1.24 ± 0.81 cm for the observers. The results showed that the eye detection error was small enough for the magnified area of the mammographic image. The average time required for point magnification in the verification of the simple EEG scanner ranged from 5.85 to 16.73 seconds, and individual differences were observed. The reason for this may be that the size of the simple EEG scanner used was not adjustable, so it did not fit well for some subjects. The use of a simple EEG scanner with size adjustment would solve this problem. Therefore, the image magnification system using the eye-detector and the simple EEG scanner is useful.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=EEG%20scanner" title="EEG scanner">EEG scanner</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=eye-detector" title=" eye-detector"> eye-detector</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=mammography" title=" mammography"> mammography</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=observers." title=" observers."> observers.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013089/basic-study-of-mammographic-image-magnification-system-with-eye-detector-and-simple-eeg-scanner" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013089/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013089/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013089/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013089/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013089/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013089/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013089/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013089/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013089/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013089/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013089.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">362</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">817</span> A Large Ion Collider Experiment (ALICE) Diffractive Detector Control System for RUN-II at the Large Hadron Collider </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=J.%20C.%20Cabanillas-Noris">J. C. Cabanillas-Noris</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=M.%20I.%20Mart%C3%ADnez-Hern%C3%A1ndez"> M. I. Martínez-Hernández</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=I.%20Le%C3%B3n-Monz%C3%B3n"> I. León-Monzón</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The selection of diffractive events in the ALICE experiment during the first data taking period (RUN-I) of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) was limited by the range over which rapidity gaps occur. It would be possible to achieve better measurements by expanding the range in which the production of particles can be detected. For this purpose, the ALICE Diffractive (AD0) detector has been installed and commissioned for the second phase (RUN-II). Any new detector should be able to take the data synchronously with all other detectors and be operated through the ALICE central systems. One of the key elements that must be developed for the AD0 detector is the Detector Control System (DCS). The DCS must be designed to operate safely and correctly this detector. Furthermore, the DCS must also provide optimum operating conditions for the acquisition and storage of physics data and ensure these are of the highest quality. The operation of AD0 implies the configuration of about 200 parameters, from electronics settings and power supply levels to the archiving of operating conditions data and the generation of safety alerts. It also includes the automation of procedures to get the AD0 detector ready for taking data in the appropriate conditions for the different run types in ALICE. The performance of AD0 detector depends on a certain number of parameters such as the nominal voltages for each photomultiplier tube (PMT), their threshold levels to accept or reject the incoming pulses, the definition of triggers, etc. All these parameters define the efficiency of AD0 and they have to be monitored and controlled through AD0 DCS. Finally, AD0 DCS provides the operator with multiple interfaces to execute these tasks. They are realized as operating panels and scripts running in the background. These features are implemented on a SCADA software platform as a distributed control system which integrates to the global control system of the ALICE experiment. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=AD0" title="AD0">AD0</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=ALICE" title=" ALICE"> ALICE</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=DCS" title=" DCS"> DCS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=LHC." title=" LHC. "> LHC. </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004071/a-large-ion-collider-experiment-alice-diffractive-detector-control-system-for-run-ii-at-the-large-hadron-collider" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004071/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004071/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004071/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004071/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004071/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004071/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004071/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004071/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004071/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004071/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004071.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1398</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">816</span> Development of a Basic Robot System for Medical and Nursing Care for Patients with Glaucoma</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Naoto%20Suzuki">Naoto Suzuki</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>Medical methods to completely treat glaucoma are yet to be developed. Therefore, ophthalmologists manage patients mainly to delay disease progression. Patients with glaucoma are mainly elderly individuals. In elderly people's houses, having an equipment that can provide medical treatment and care can release their family from their care. For elderly people with the glaucoma to live by themselves as much as possible, we developed a support robot having five functions: elderly people care, ophthalmological examination, trip assistance to the neighborhood, medical treatment, and data referral to a hospital. The medical and nursing care robot should approach the visual field that the patients can see at a speed suitable for their eyesight. This is because the robot will be dangerous if it approaches the patients from the visual field that they cannot see. We experimentally developed a robot that brings a white cane to elderly people with glaucoma. The base part of the robot is a carriage, which is a Megarover 1.1, and it has two infrared sensors. The robot moves along a white line on the floor using the infrared sensors and has a special arm, which does not use electricity. The arm can scoop the block attached to the white cane. Next, we also developed a direction detector comprised of a charge-coupled device camera (SVR41ResucueHD; Sun Mechatronics), goggles (MG-277MLF; Midori Anzen Co. Ltd.), and biconvex lenses with a focal length of 25 mm (Edmund Co.). Some young people were photographed using the direction detector, which was put on their faces. Image processing was performed using Scilab 6.1.0 and Image Processing and Computer Vision Toolbox 4.1.2. To measure the people's line of vision, we calculated the iris's center of gravity using five processes: reduction, trimming, binarization or gray scale, edge extraction, and Hough transform. We compared the binarization and gray scale processes in image processing. The binarization process was better than the gray scale process. For edge extraction, we compared five methods: Sobel, Prewitt, Laplacian of Gaussian, fast Fourier transform, and Canny. The Canny method was the optimal extraction method. We performed the Hough transform to search for the main coordinates from the iris's edge, and we found that the Hough transform could calculate the center point of the iris.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Glaucoma" title="Glaucoma">Glaucoma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=support%20robot" title=" support robot"> support robot</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=elderly%20people" title=" elderly people"> elderly people</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Hough%20transform" title=" Hough transform"> Hough transform</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=direction%20detector" title=" direction detector"> direction detector</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=line%20of%20vision." title=" line of vision."> line of vision.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10012451/development-of-a-basic-robot-system-for-medical-and-nursing-care-for-patients-with-glaucoma" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10012451/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10012451/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10012451/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10012451/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10012451/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10012451/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10012451/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10012451/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10012451/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10012451/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10012451.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">549</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">815</span> Design, Construction and Performance Evaluation of a HPGe Detector Shield</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=M.%20Sharifi">M. Sharifi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=M.%20Mirzaii"> M. Mirzaii</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=F.%20Bolourinovin"> F. Bolourinovin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=H.%20Yousefnia"> H. Yousefnia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=M.%20Akbari"> M. Akbari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=K.%20Yousefi-Mojir"> K. Yousefi-Mojir</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A multilayer passive shield composed of low-activity lead (Pb), copper (Cu), tin (Sn) and iron (Fe) was designed and manufactured for a coaxial HPGe detector placed at a surface laboratory for reducing background radiation and radiation dose to the personnel. The performance of the shield was evaluated and efficiency curves of the detector were plotted by using of various standard sources in different distances. Monte Carlo simulations and a set of TLD chips were used for dose estimation in two distances of 20 and 40 cm. The results show that the shield reduced background spectrum and the personnel dose more than 95%. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=HPGe%20shield" title="HPGe shield">HPGe shield</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=background%20count" title=" background count"> background count</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=personnel%20dose" title=" personnel dose"> personnel dose</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=efficiency%20curve." title=" efficiency curve."> efficiency curve.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002387/design-construction-and-performance-evaluation-of-a-hpge-detector-shield" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002387/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002387/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002387/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002387/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002387/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002387/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002387/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002387/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002387/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002387/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002387.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2938</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">814</span> Interference Reduction Technique in Multistage Multiuser Detector for DS-CDMA System</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Lokesh%20Tharani">Lokesh Tharani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=R.P.Yadav"> R.P.Yadav</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper presents the results related to the interference reduction technique in multistage multiuser detector for asynchronous DS-CDMA system. To meet the real-time requirements for asynchronous multiuser detection, a bit streaming, cascade architecture is used. An asynchronous multiuser detection involves block-based computations and matrix inversions. The paper covers iterative-based suboptimal schemes that have been studied to decrease the computational complexity, eliminate the need for matrix inversions, decreases the execution time, reduces the memory requirements and uses joint estimation and detection process that gives better performance than the independent parameter estimation method. The stages of the iteration use cascaded and bits processed in a streaming fashion. The simulation has been carried out for asynchronous DS-CDMA system by varying one parameter, i.e., number of users. The simulation result exhibits that system gives optimum bit error rate (BER) at 3rd stage for 15-users. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Multi-user%20detection%20%28MUD%29" title="Multi-user detection (MUD)">Multi-user detection (MUD)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=multiple%20accessinterference%20%28MAI%29" title=" multiple accessinterference (MAI)"> multiple accessinterference (MAI)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=near-far%20effect" title=" near-far effect"> near-far effect</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=decision%20feedback%20detector" title=" decision feedback detector"> decision feedback detector</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=successive%20interference%20cancellation%20detector%20%28SIC%29%20and%20parallelinterference%20cancellation%20%28PIC%29%20detector." title="successive interference cancellation detector (SIC) and parallelinterference cancellation (PIC) detector.">successive interference cancellation detector (SIC) and parallelinterference cancellation (PIC) detector.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11184/interference-reduction-technique-in-multistage-multiuser-detector-for-ds-cdma-system" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11184/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11184/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11184/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11184/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11184/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11184/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11184/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11184/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11184/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11184/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11184.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1762</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">813</span> Comparison of Multi-User Detectors of DS-CDMA System</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Kavita%20Khairnar">Kavita Khairnar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Shikha%20Nema"> Shikha Nema</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> DS-CDMA system is well known wireless technology. This system suffers from MAI (Multiple Access Interference) caused by Direct Sequence users. Multi-User Detection schemes were introduced to detect the users- data in presence of MAI. This paper focuses on linear multi-user detection schemes used for data demodulation. Simulation results depict the performance of three detectors viz-conventional detector, Decorrelating detector and Subspace MMSE (Minimum Mean Square Error) detector. It is seen that the performance of these detectors depends on the number of paths and the length of Gold code used. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Cross%20Correlation%20Matrix" title="Cross Correlation Matrix">Cross Correlation Matrix</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=MAI" title=" MAI"> MAI</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Multi-UserDetection" title=" Multi-UserDetection"> Multi-UserDetection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Multipath%20Effect." title=" Multipath Effect."> Multipath Effect.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/290/comparison-of-multi-user-detectors-of-ds-cdma-system" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/290/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/290/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/290/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/290/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/290/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/290/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/290/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/290/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/290/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/290/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/290.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2113</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">812</span> Simulation of Superconducting Nanowire Single-Photon Detector with Circuit Modeling</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Seyed%20Ali%20Sedigh%20Zyabari">Seyed Ali Sedigh Zyabari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=A.%20Zarifkar"> A. Zarifkar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Single photon detectors have been fabricated NbN nano wire. These detectors are fabricated from high quality, ultra high vacuum sputtered NbN thin films on a sapphire substrate. In this work a typical schematic of the nanowire Single Photon Detector structure and then driving and measurement electronic circuit are shown. The response of superconducting nanowire single photon detectors during a photo detection event, is modeled by a special electrical circuits (two circuit). Finally, current through the wire is calculated by solving equations of models. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=NbN" title="NbN">NbN</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=nanowire%20meander" title=" nanowire meander"> nanowire meander</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=superconducting%20single%0Aphoton%20detector" title=" superconducting single photon detector"> superconducting single photon detector</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=kinetic%20inductance." title=" kinetic inductance."> kinetic inductance.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15321/simulation-of-superconducting-nanowire-single-photon-detector-with-circuit-modeling" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15321/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15321/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15321/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15321/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15321/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15321/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15321/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15321/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15321/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15321/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15321.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1503</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">811</span> Natural-Direction-Consistent 3D-Design and Printing Methods</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Yasusi%20Kanada">Yasusi Kanada</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Objects are usually horizontally sliced when printed by 3D printers. Therefore, if an object to be printed, such as a collection of fibers, originally has natural direction in shape, the printed direction contradicts with the natural direction. By using proper tools, such as field-oriented 3D paint software, field-oriented solid modelers, field-based tool-path generation software, and non-horizontal FDM 3D printers, the natural direction can be modeled and objects can be printed in a direction that is consistent with the natural direction. This consistence results in embodiment of momentum or force in expressions of the printed object. To achieve this goal, several design and manufacturing problems, but not all, have been solved. An application of this method is (Japanese) 3D calligraphy. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=3D%20printing" title="3D printing">3D printing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Three-dimensional%20printing" title=" Three-dimensional printing"> Three-dimensional printing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Solid%20free-form%20fabrication" title=" Solid free-form fabrication"> Solid free-form fabrication</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=SFF" title=" SFF"> SFF</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Fused%20deposition%20modeling" title=" Fused deposition modeling"> Fused deposition modeling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=FDM" title=" FDM"> FDM</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Additive%20manufacturing." title=" Additive manufacturing."> Additive manufacturing.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001377/natural-direction-consistent-3d-design-and-printing-methods" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001377/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001377/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001377/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001377/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001377/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001377/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001377/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001377/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001377/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001377/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001377.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2279</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">810</span> Design of an Innovative Accelerant Detector</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Esther%20T.%20Akinlabi">Esther T. Akinlabi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Milan%20Isvarial"> Milan Isvarial</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Stephen%20A.%20Akinlabi"> Stephen A. Akinlabi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>Today, canines are still used effectively in acceleration detection situation. However, this method is becoming impractical in modern age and a new automated replacement to the canine is required. This paper reports the design of an innovative accelerant detector. Designing an accelerant detector is a long process as is any design process; therefore, a solution to the need for a mobile, effective accelerant detector is hereby presented. The device is simple and efficient to ensure that any accelerant detection can be conducted quickly and easily. The design utilizes Ultra Violet (UV) light to detect the accelerant. When the UV light shines on an accelerant, the hydrocarbons in the accelerant emit florescence. The advantages of using the UV light to detect accelerant are also outlined in this paper. The mobility of the device is achieved by using a Direct Current (DC) motor to run tank tracks. Tank tracks were chosen as to ensure that the device will be mobile in the rough terrain of a fire site. The materials selected for the various parts are also presented. A Solid Works Simulation was also conducted on the stresses in the shafts and the results are presented. This design is an innovative solution which offers a user friendly interface. The design is also environmentally friendly, ecologically sound and safe to use.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Accelerant%20detector" title="Accelerant detector">Accelerant detector</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Canines" title=" Canines"> Canines</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Gas%20Chromatography-%20Mass%20Spectrometry%20%28GC-MS%29" title=" Gas Chromatography- Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS)"> Gas Chromatography- Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Ultra%20Violet%20light." title=" Ultra Violet light."> Ultra Violet light.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12064/design-of-an-innovative-accelerant-detector" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12064/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12064/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12064/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12064/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12064/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12064/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12064/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12064/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12064/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12064/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12064.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2362</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">809</span> Research on Development and Accuracy Improvement of an Explosion Proof Combustible Gas Leak Detector Using an IR Sensor</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Gyoutae%20Park">Gyoutae Park</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Seungho%20Han"> Seungho Han</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Byungduk%20Kim"> Byungduk Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Youngdo%20Jo"> Youngdo Jo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Yongsop%20Shim"> Yongsop Shim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Yeonjae%20Lee"> Yeonjae Lee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Sangguk%20Ahn"> Sangguk Ahn</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Hiesik%20Kim"> Hiesik Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Jungil%20Park"> Jungil Park </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>In this paper, we presented not only development technology of an explosion proof type and portable combustible gas leak detector but also algorithm to improve accuracy for measuring gas concentrations. The presented techniques are to apply the flame-proof enclosure and intrinsic safe explosion proof to an infrared gas leak detector at first in Korea and to improve accuracy using linearization recursion equation and Lagrange interpolation polynomial. Together, we tested sensor characteristics and calibrated suitable input gases and output voltages. Then, we advanced the performances of combustible gaseous detectors through reflecting demands of gas safety management fields. To check performances of two company's detectors, we achieved the measurement tests with eight standard gases made by Korea Gas Safety Corporation. We demonstrated our instruments better in detecting accuracy other than detectors through experimental results.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Gas%20sensor" title="Gas sensor">Gas sensor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=leak" title=" leak"> leak</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=detector" title=" detector"> detector</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=accuracy" title=" accuracy"> accuracy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=interpolation." title=" interpolation."> interpolation.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004064/research-on-development-and-accuracy-improvement-of-an-explosion-proof-combustible-gas-leak-detector-using-an-ir-sensor" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004064/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004064/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004064/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004064/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004064/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004064/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004064/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004064/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004064/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004064/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004064.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1401</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">808</span> Effect of Different BER Performance Comparison of MAP and ML Detection</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Naveed%20Ur%20Rehman">Naveed Ur Rehman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Rehan%20Jamil"> Rehan Jamil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Irfan%20Jamil"> Irfan Jamil</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>In this paper, we regard as a coded transmission over a frequency-selective channel. We plan to study analytically the convergence of the turbo-detector using a maximum a posteriori (MAP) equalizer and a MAP decoder. We demonstrate that the densities of the maximum likelihood (ML) exchanged during the iterations are e-symmetric and output-symmetric. Under the Gaussian approximation, this property allows to execute a one-dimensional scrutiny of the turbo-detector. By deriving the analytical terminology of the ML distributions under the Gaussian approximation, we confirm that the bit error rate (BER) performance of the turbo-detector converges to the BER performance of the coded additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channel at high signal to noise ratio (SNR), for any frequency selective channel.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=MAP" title="MAP">MAP</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=ML" title=" ML"> ML</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=SNR" title=" SNR"> SNR</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Decoder" title=" Decoder"> Decoder</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=BER" title=" BER"> BER</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Coded%20transmission." title=" Coded transmission."> Coded transmission.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000773/effect-of-different-ber-performance-comparison-of-map-and-ml-detection" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000773/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000773/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000773/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000773/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000773/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000773/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000773/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000773/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000773/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000773/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000773.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2256</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">807</span> Optimized Detection in Multi-Antenna System using Particle Swarm Algorithm</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=A.%20A.%20Khan">A. A. Khan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=M.%20Naeem"> M. Naeem</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=S.%20Bashir"> S. Bashir</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=S.%20I.%20Shah"> S. I. Shah</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper we propose a Particle Swarm heuristic optimized Multi-Antenna (MA) system. Efficient MA systems detection is performed using a robust stochastic evolutionary computation algorithm based on movement and intelligence of swarms. This iterative particle swarm optimized (PSO) detector significantly reduces the computational complexity of conventional Maximum Likelihood (ML) detection technique. The simulation results achieved with this proposed MA-PSO detection algorithm show near optimal performance when compared with ML-MA receiver. The performance of proposed detector is convincingly better for higher order modulation schemes and large number of antennas where conventional ML detector becomes non-practical. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Multi%20Antenna%20%28MA%29" title="Multi Antenna (MA)">Multi Antenna (MA)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Multi-input%20Multi-output%28MIMO%29" title=" Multi-input Multi-output(MIMO)"> Multi-input Multi-output(MIMO)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Particle%20Swarm%20Optimization%20%28PSO%29" title=" Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO)"> Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=ML%20detection." title=" ML detection."> ML detection.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11159/optimized-detection-in-multi-antenna-system-using-particle-swarm-algorithm" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11159/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11159/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11159/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11159/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11159/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11159/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11159/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11159/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11159/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11159/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11159.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1505</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">806</span> Reliability Factors Based Fuzzy Logic Scheme for Spectrum Sensing</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Tallataf%20Rasheed">Tallataf Rasheed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Adnan%20Rashdi"> Adnan Rashdi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Ahmad%20Naeem%20Akhtar"> Ahmad Naeem Akhtar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The accurate spectrum sensing is a fundamental requirement of dynamic spectrum access for deployment of Cognitive Radio Network (CRN). To acheive this requirement a Reliability factors based Fuzzy Logic (RFL) Scheme for Spectrum Sensing has been proposed in this paper. Cognitive Radio User (CRU) predicts the presence or absence of Primary User (PU) using energy detector and calculates the Reliability factors which are SNR of sensing node, threshold of energy detector and decision difference of each node with other nodes in a cooperative spectrum sensing environment. Then the decision of energy detector is combined with Reliability factors of sensing node using Fuzzy Logic. These Reliability Factors used in RFL Scheme describes the reliability of decision made by a CRU to improve the local spectrum sensing. This Fuzzy combining scheme provides the accuracy of decision made by sensornode. The simulation results have shown that the proposed technique provide better PU detection probability than existing Spectrum Sensing Techniques. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Cognitive%20radio" title="Cognitive radio">Cognitive radio</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=spectrum%20sensing" title=" spectrum sensing"> spectrum sensing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=energy%20detector" title=" energy detector"> energy detector</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=reliability%20factors" title=" reliability factors"> reliability factors</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=fuzzy%20logic." title=" fuzzy logic."> fuzzy logic.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008593/reliability-factors-based-fuzzy-logic-scheme-for-spectrum-sensing" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008593/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008593/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008593/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008593/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008593/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008593/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008593/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008593/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008593/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008593/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008593.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1065</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">805</span> Solving Differential's Equation of Carrier Load on Semiconductor</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Morteza%20Amirabadi">Morteza Amirabadi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Vahid%20Fayaz">Vahid Fayaz </a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Fereshteh%20Felegary"> Fereshteh Felegary</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Hossien%20Hossienkhani"> Hossien Hossienkhani</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The most suitable Semiconductor detector, Cadmium Zinc Teloraid , has unique properties because of high Atomic number and wide Brand Gap . It has been tried in this project with different processes such as Lead , Diffusion , Produce and Recombination , effect of Trapping and injection carrier of CdZnTe , to get hole and then present a complete answer of it . Then we should investigate the movement of carrier ( Electron – Hole ) by using above answer. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Semiconcuctor%20detector" title="Semiconcuctor detector">Semiconcuctor detector</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Trapping" title=" Trapping"> Trapping</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Recommbination" title=" Recommbination"> Recommbination</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Diffusion" title=" Diffusion"> Diffusion</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10727/solving-differentials-equation-of-carrier-load-on-semiconductor" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10727/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10727/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10727/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10727/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10727/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10727/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10727/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10727/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10727/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10727/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10727.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1453</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">804</span> Developing Laser Spot Position Determination and PRF Code Detection with Quadrant Detector</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Mohamed%20Fathy%20Heweage">Mohamed Fathy Heweage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Xiao%20Wen"> Xiao Wen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Ayman%20Mokhtar"> Ayman Mokhtar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Ahmed%20Eldamarawy"> Ahmed Eldamarawy</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>In this paper, we are interested in modeling, simulation, and measurement of the laser spot position with a quadrant detector. We enhance detection and tracking of semi-laser weapon decoding system based on microcontroller. The system receives the reflected pulse through quadrant detector and processes the laser pulses through a processing circuit, a microcontroller decoding laser pulse reflected by the target. The seeker accuracy will be enhanced by the decoding system, the laser detection time based on the receiving pulses number is reduced, a gate is used to limit the laser pulse width. The model is implemented based on Pulse Repetition Frequency (PRF) technique with two microcontroller units (MCU). MCU1 generates laser pulses with different codes. MCU2 decodes the laser code and locks the system at the specific code. The codes EW selected based on the two selector switches. The system is implemented and tested in Proteus ISIS software. The implementation of the full position determination circuit with the detector is produced. General system for the spot position determination was performed with the laser PRF for incident radiation and the mechanical system for adjusting system at different angles. The system test results show that the system can detect the laser code with only three received pulses based on the narrow gate signal, and good agreement between simulation and measured system performance is obtained.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=4-quadrant%20detector" title="4-quadrant detector">4-quadrant detector</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=pulse%20code%20detection" title=" pulse code detection"> pulse code detection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=laser%20guided%20weapons" title=" laser guided weapons"> laser guided weapons</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=pulse%20repetition%20frequency" title=" pulse repetition frequency"> pulse repetition frequency</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=ATmega%2032%20microcontrollers." title=" ATmega 32 microcontrollers. "> ATmega 32 microcontrollers. </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008585/developing-laser-spot-position-determination-and-prf-code-detection-with-quadrant-detector" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008585/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008585/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008585/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008585/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008585/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008585/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008585/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008585/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008585/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008585/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008585.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1534</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">803</span> Analysis of Reflectance Photoplethysmograph Sensors</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Fu-Hsuan%20Huang">Fu-Hsuan Huang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Po-Jung%20Yuan"> Po-Jung Yuan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Kang-Ping%20Lin"> Kang-Ping Lin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Hen-Hong%20Chang"> Hen-Hong Chang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Cheng-Lun%20Tsai"> Cheng-Lun Tsai</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Photoplethysmography is a simple measurement of the variation in blood volume in tissue. It detects the pulse signal of heart beat as well as the low frequency signal of vasoconstriction and vasodilation. The transmission type measurement is limited to only a few specific positions for example the index finger that have a short path length for light. The reflectance type measurement can be conveniently applied on most parts of the body surface. This study analyzed the factors that determine the quality of reflectance photoplethysmograph signal including the emitter-detector distance, wavelength, light intensity, and optical properties of skin tissue. Light emitting diodes (LEDs) with four different visible wavelengths were used as the light emitters. A phototransistor was used as the light detector. A micro translation stage adjusts the emitter-detector distance from 2 mm to 15 mm. The reflective photoplethysmograph signals were measured on different sites. The optimal emitter-detector distance was chosen to have a large dynamic range for low frequency drifting without signal saturation and a high perfusion index. Among these four wavelengths, a yellowish green (571nm) light with a proper emitter-detection distance of 2mm is the most suitable for obtaining a steady and reliable reflectance photoplethysmograph signal <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Reflectance%20photoplethysmograph" title="Reflectance photoplethysmograph">Reflectance photoplethysmograph</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Perfusion%20index" title=" Perfusion index"> Perfusion index</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Signal-to-noise%20ratio" title=" Signal-to-noise ratio"> Signal-to-noise ratio</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11506/analysis-of-reflectance-photoplethysmograph-sensors" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11506/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11506/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11506/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11506/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11506/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11506/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11506/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11506/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11506/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11506/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11506.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2212</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">802</span> Development of Nondestructive Imaging Analysis Method Using Muonic X-Ray with a Double-Sided Silicon Strip Detector</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=I-Huan%20Chiu">I-Huan Chiu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Kazuhiko%20Ninomiya"> Kazuhiko Ninomiya</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Shin%E2%80%99ichiro%20Takeda"> Shin’ichiro Takeda</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Meito%20Kajino"> Meito Kajino</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Miho%20Katsuragawa"> Miho Katsuragawa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Shunsaku%20Nagasawa"> Shunsaku Nagasawa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Atsushi%20Shinohara"> Atsushi Shinohara</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Tadayuki%20Takahashi"> Tadayuki Takahashi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Ryota%20Tomaru"> Ryota Tomaru</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Shin%20Watanabe"> Shin Watanabe</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Goro%20Yabu"> Goro Yabu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>In recent years, a nondestructive elemental analysis method based on muonic X-ray measurements has been developed and applied for various samples. Muonic X-rays are emitted after the formation of a muonic atom, which occurs when a negatively charged muon is captured in a muon atomic orbit around the nucleus. Because muonic X-rays have a higher energy than electronic X-rays due to the muon mass, they can be measured without being absorbed by a material. Thus, estimating the two-dimensional (2D) elemental distribution of a sample became possible using an X-ray imaging detector. In this work, we report a non-destructive imaging experiment using muonic X-rays at Japan Proton Accelerator Research Complex. The irradiated target consisted of a polypropylene material, and a double-sided silicon strip detector, which was developed as an imaging detector for astronomical obervation, was employed. A peak corresponding to muonic X-rays from the carbon atoms in the target was clearly observed in the energy spectrum at an energy of 14 keV, and 2D visualizations were successfully reconstructed to reveal the projection image from the target. This result demonstrates the potential of the nondestructive elemental imaging method that is based on muonic X-ray measurement. To obtain a higher position resolution for imaging a smaller target, a new detector system will be developed to improve the statistical analysis in further research.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=DSSD" title="DSSD">DSSD</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=muon" title=" muon"> muon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=muonic%20X-ray" title=" muonic X-ray"> muonic X-ray</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=imaging" title=" imaging"> imaging</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=non-destructive%20analysis" title=" non-destructive analysis"> non-destructive analysis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10012392/development-of-nondestructive-imaging-analysis-method-using-muonic-x-ray-with-a-double-sided-silicon-strip-detector" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10012392/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10012392/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10012392/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10012392/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10012392/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10012392/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10012392/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10012392/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10012392/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10012392/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10012392.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1259</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">801</span> Development of a Remote Testing System for Performance of Gas Leakage Detectors</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Gyoutae%20Park">Gyoutae Park</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Woosuk%20Kim"> Woosuk Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Sangguk%20Ahn"> Sangguk Ahn</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Seungmo%20Kim"> Seungmo Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Minjun%20Kim"> Minjun Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Jinhan%20Lee"> Jinhan Lee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Youngdo%20Jo"> Youngdo Jo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Jongsam%20Moon"> Jongsam Moon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Hiesik%20Kim"> Hiesik Kim</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>In this research, we designed a remote system to test parameters of gas detectors such as gas concentration and initial response time. This testing system is available to measure two gas instruments simultaneously. First of all, we assembled an experimental jig with a square structure. Those parts are included with a glass flask, two high-quality cameras, and two Ethernet modems for transmitting data. This remote gas detector testing system extracts numerals from videos with continually various gas concentrations while LCDs show photographs from cameras. Extracted numeral data are received to a laptop computer through Ethernet modem. And then, the numerical data with gas concentrations and the measured initial response speeds are recorded and graphed. Our remote testing system will be diversely applied on gas detector’s test and will be certificated in domestic and international countries.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Gas%20leakage%20detector" title="Gas leakage detector">Gas leakage detector</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=inspection%20instrument" title=" inspection instrument"> inspection instrument</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=extracting%20numerals" title=" extracting numerals"> extracting numerals</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=concentration." title=" concentration."> concentration.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006827/development-of-a-remote-testing-system-for-performance-of-gas-leakage-detectors" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006827/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006827/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006827/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006827/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006827/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006827/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006827/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006827/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006827/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006827/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006827.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">904</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">800</span> Source Direction Detection based on Stationary Electronic Nose System</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Jie%20Cai">Jie Cai</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=David%20C.%20Levy"> David C. Levy</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Electronic nose (array of chemical sensors) are widely used in food industry and pollution control. Also it could be used to locate or detect the direction of the source of emission odors. Usually this task is performed by electronic nose (ENose) cooperated with mobile vehicles, but when a source is instantaneous or surrounding is hard for vehicles to reach, problem occurs. Thus a method for stationary ENose to detect the direction of the source and locate the source will be required. A novel method which uses the ratio between the responses of different sensors as a discriminant to determine the direction of source in natural wind surroundings is presented in this paper. The result shows that the method is accurate and easily to be implemented. This method could be also used in movably, as an optimized algorithm for robot tracking source location. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Electronic%20nose" title="Electronic nose">Electronic nose</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Nature%20wind%20situation" title=" Nature wind situation"> Nature wind situation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Source%0Adirection%20detection." title=" Source direction detection."> Source direction detection.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6211/source-direction-detection-based-on-stationary-electronic-nose-system" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6211/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6211/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6211/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6211/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6211/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6211/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6211/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6211/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6211/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6211/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6211.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1330</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">799</span> A DNA-Based Nanobiosensor for the Rapid Detection of the Dengue Virus in Mosquito</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Lilia%20M.%20Fernando">Lilia M. Fernando</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Matthew%20K.%20Vasher"> Matthew K. Vasher</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Evangelyn%20C.%20Alocilja"> Evangelyn C. Alocilja</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper describes the development of a DNA-based nanobiosensor to detect the dengue virus in mosquito using electrically active magnetic (EAM) nanoparticles as concentrator and electrochemical transducer. The biosensor detection encompasses two sets of oligonucleotide probes that are specific to the dengue virus: the detector probe labeled with the EAM nanoparticles and the biotinylated capture probe. The DNA targets are double hybridized to the detector and the capture probes and concentrated from nonspecific DNA fragments by applying a magnetic field. Subsequently, the DNA sandwiched targets (EAM-detector probe– DNA target–capture probe-biotin) are captured on streptavidin modified screen printed carbon electrodes through the biotinylated capture probes. Detection is achieved electrochemically by measuring the oxidation–reduction signal of the EAM nanoparticles. Results indicate that the biosensor is able to detect the redox signal of the EAM nanoparticles at dengue DNA concentrations as low as 10 ng/μl. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Dengue" title="Dengue">Dengue</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=magnetic%20nanoparticles" title=" magnetic nanoparticles"> magnetic nanoparticles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=mosquito" title=" mosquito"> mosquito</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=nanobiosensor." title=" nanobiosensor."> nanobiosensor.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002982/a-dna-based-nanobiosensor-for-the-rapid-detection-of-the-dengue-virus-in-mosquito" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002982/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002982/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002982/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002982/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002982/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002982/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002982/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002982/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002982/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002982/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002982.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2860</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">798</span> Directionally-Sensitive Personal Wearable Radiation Dosimeter</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Hai%20Huu%20Le">Hai Huu Le</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Paul%20Junor"> Paul Junor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Moshi%20Geso"> Moshi Geso</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Graeme%20O%E2%80%99Keefe"> Graeme O’Keefe</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, the authors propose a personal wearable directionally-sensitive radiation dosimeter using multiple semiconductor CdZnTe detectors. The proposed dosimeter not only measures the real-time dose rate but also provide the direction of the radioactive source. A linear relationship between radioactive source direction and the radiation intensity measured by each detectors is established and an equation to determine the source direction is derived by the authors. The efficiency and accuracy of the proposed dosimeter is verified by simulation using Geant4 package. Results have indicated that in a measurement duration of about 7 seconds, the proposed dosimeter was able to estimate the direction of a 10μCi 137/55Cs radioactive source to within 2 degrees. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Dose%20rate" title="Dose rate">Dose rate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Geant4%20package" title=" Geant4 package"> Geant4 package</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=radiation%20detectors" title=" radiation detectors"> radiation detectors</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=radioactive%20source%20direction." title=" radioactive source direction."> radioactive source direction.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007110/directionally-sensitive-personal-wearable-radiation-dosimeter" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007110/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary 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