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</ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc 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dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">American politician</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%;"><div class="fn" style="font-size:125%;">Jamie Whitten</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:JamieWhitten1961cropped.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/JamieWhitten1961cropped.jpg/220px-JamieWhitten1961cropped.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/JamieWhitten1961cropped.jpg/330px-JamieWhitten1961cropped.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/JamieWhitten1961cropped.jpg/440px-JamieWhitten1961cropped.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3474" data-file-height="4634" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="line-height:normal;padding-top:0.2em;">Whitten in 1961</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">42nd <a href="/wiki/Dean_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="Dean of the United States House of Representatives">Dean of the United States House of Representatives</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />January 3, 1979 – January 3, 1995</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/George_H._Mahon" title="George H. Mahon">George H. Mahon</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/John_Dingell" title="John Dingell">John Dingell</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">Chair of the <a href="/wiki/House_Appropriations_Committee" class="mw-redirect" title="House Appropriations Committee">House Appropriations Committee</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />January 3, 1979 – January 3, 1993</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/George_H._Mahon" title="George H. Mahon">George H. Mahon</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/William_Natcher" title="William Natcher">William Natcher</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">Member of the <span style="display: inline-block;"><a href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="United States House of Representatives">U.S. House of Representatives</a></span><br />from <a href="/wiki/Mississippi" title="Mississippi">Mississippi</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />November 4, 1941 – January 3, 1995</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Wall_Doxey" title="Wall Doxey">Wall Doxey</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Roger_Wicker" title="Roger Wicker">Roger Wicker</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Constituency</th><td class="infobox-data"><span data-sort-value="Mississippi02 !"><a href="/wiki/Mississippi%27s_2nd_congressional_district" title="Mississippi's 2nd congressional district">2nd district</a></span> (1941–1973)<br /><span data-sort-value="Mississippi01 !"><a href="/wiki/Mississippi%27s_1st_congressional_district" title="Mississippi's 1st congressional district">1st district</a></span> (1973–1995)</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">Member of the <a href="/wiki/Mississippi_House_of_Representatives" title="Mississippi House of Representatives">Mississippi House of Representatives</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />1931–1932</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">Jamie Lloyd Whitten</div><br /><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1910-04-18</span>)</span>April 18, 1910<br /><a href="/wiki/Cascilla,_Mississippi" title="Cascilla, Mississippi">Cascilla, Mississippi</a>, U.S.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="nowrap">September 9, 1995<span style="display:none">(1995-09-09)</span> (aged 85)</span><br /><a href="/wiki/Oxford,_Mississippi" title="Oxford, Mississippi">Oxford, Mississippi</a>, U.S.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Political party</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Education</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/University_of_Mississippi" title="University of Mississippi">University of Mississippi</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1096940132">.mw-parser-output .listen .side-box-text{line-height:1.1em}.mw-parser-output .listen-plain{border:none;background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .listen-embedded{width:100%;margin:0;border-width:1px 0 0 0;background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .listen-header{padding:2px}.mw-parser-output .listen-embedded .listen-header{padding:2px 0}.mw-parser-output .listen-file-header{padding:4px 0}.mw-parser-output .listen .description{padding-top:2px}.mw-parser-output .listen .mw-tmh-player{max-width:100%}@media(max-width:719px){.mw-parser-output .listen{clear:both}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .listen:not(.listen-noimage){width:320px}.mw-parser-output .listen-left{overflow:visible;float:left}.mw-parser-output .listen-center{float:none;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-left listen noprint listen-embedded listen-noimage listen-center"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><div class="haudio"> <div class="listen-file-header"><a href="/wiki/File:Rep._Jamie_L._Whitten_on_the_Urgency_of_Continuing_Appropriations_for_FY1984.ogg" title="File:Rep. Jamie L. Whitten on the Urgency of Continuing Appropriations for FY1984.ogg">Jamie Whitten's voice</a></div> <div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><audio id="mwe_player_0" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="215" style="width:215px;" data-durationhint="438" data-mwtitle="Rep._Jamie_L._Whitten_on_the_Urgency_of_Continuing_Appropriations_for_FY1984.ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/ca/Rep._Jamie_L._Whitten_on_the_Urgency_of_Continuing_Appropriations_for_FY1984.ogg/Rep._Jamie_L._Whitten_on_the_Urgency_of_Continuing_Appropriations_for_FY1984.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/ca/Rep._Jamie_L._Whitten_on_the_Urgency_of_Continuing_Appropriations_for_FY1984.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /></audio></span></span></div> <div class="description">Jamie Whitten on the urgency of continuing appropriations for FY1984<br />Recorded November 10, 1983</div></div></div></div> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top: 1px solid right;"><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Jamie Lloyd Whitten</b> (April 18, 1910 – September 9, 1995) was an American politician and member of the <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="History of the Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic Party</a> who represented his native state of <a href="/wiki/Mississippi" title="Mississippi">Mississippi</a> in the <a href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="United States House of Representatives">United States House of Representatives</a> from 1941 to 1995. He was at the time of his departure the <a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Congressmen_by_longevity_of_service#U.S._House_time" class="mw-redirect" title="List of United States Congressmen by longevity of service">longest-serving U.S. Representative ever</a>. From 1979 to 1995, he was <a href="/wiki/Dean_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="Dean of the United States House of Representatives">Dean of the U.S. House of Representatives</a>. He is the <a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_United_States_Congress_by_longevity_of_service" title="List of members of the United States Congress by longevity of service">longest-serving member of Congress</a> ever from Mississippi. He was a <a href="/wiki/New_Deal_liberalism" class="mw-redirect" title="New Deal liberalism">New Deal liberal</a> on economic matters, and took a leading role in Congress in forming national policy and spending regarding <a href="/wiki/Agriculture" title="Agriculture">agriculture</a>. Whitten was the last remaining member of Congress to have served during the <a href="/wiki/Franklin_D._Roosevelt" title="Franklin D. Roosevelt">FDR</a> administration. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life,_education,_and_early_career"><span id="Early_life.2C_education.2C_and_early_career"></span>Early life, education, and early career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jamie_Whitten&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life, education, and early career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Jamie Whitten was born in <a href="/wiki/Cascilla,_Mississippi" title="Cascilla, Mississippi">Cascilla, Mississippi</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He attended local public schools and the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Mississippi" title="University of Mississippi">University of Mississippi</a> where he was a member of <a href="/wiki/Beta_Theta_Pi" title="Beta Theta Pi">Beta Theta Pi</a> fraternity. He worked as a school teacher and principal and was elected as a <a href="/wiki/Mississippi_Democratic_Party" title="Mississippi Democratic Party">Democrat</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Mississippi_House_of_Representatives" title="Mississippi House of Representatives">Mississippi House of Representatives</a>, where he served in 1931 and 1932. He was <a href="/wiki/Admission_to_the_bar_in_the_United_States" title="Admission to the bar in the United States">admitted to the bar</a> in 1932, and from 1933 to 1941, he was <a href="/wiki/District_Attorney" class="mw-redirect" title="District Attorney">District Attorney</a> of Mississippi's 17th District, which included his home county of <a href="/wiki/Tallahatchie_County,_Mississippi" title="Tallahatchie County, Mississippi">Tallahatchie</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="U.S._House_of_Representatives">U.S. House of Representatives</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jamie_Whitten&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: U.S. House of Representatives"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Elections">Elections</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jamie_Whitten&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Elections"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jamie_L._Whitten.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Jamie_L._Whitten.jpg/250px-Jamie_L._Whitten.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="324" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Jamie_L._Whitten.jpg/375px-Jamie_L._Whitten.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Jamie_L._Whitten.jpg/500px-Jamie_L._Whitten.jpg 2x" data-file-width="989" data-file-height="1280" /></a><figcaption>1983 portrait of Whitten</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1941, Whitten was elected as a <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democrat</a> to the <a href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="United States House of Representatives">United States House of Representatives</a> in a <a href="/wiki/Special_election" class="mw-redirect" title="Special election">special election</a> to represent the state's 2nd District, in the northern part of the state. The seat had become vacant as a result of incumbent Congressman <a href="/wiki/Wall_Doxey" title="Wall Doxey">Wall Doxey</a>'s election to the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">United States Senate</a>. He was elected to a full term in 1942 and was re-elected 25 more times. </p><p>Whitten's district was renumbered as the 1st District after the 1970 Census. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tenure_as_leader_in_agricultural_policy">Tenure as leader in agricultural policy</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jamie_Whitten&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Tenure as leader in agricultural policy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Whitten had the support of the Democratic caucus and served as chair of the Appropriations subcommittee on agriculture (1949-1953 and 1954-1978). He was chair of the entire committee 1979-1992. Throughout that period he had a decisive voice on agricultural spending and to a large extent on policies. <sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1977, his subcommittee lost control of environmental issues. He lost his influence after suffering a debilitating stroke in February 1992.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As a champion for American farmers, he fought against the FDA's early 1970s recommendation of restricting the use of antibiotics in livestock. He required that scientists prove the danger of antibiotic use.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Whitten was an ardent <a href="/wiki/New_Deal_coalition" title="New Deal coalition">New Dealer</a> who supported most liberal spending issues. He supported distribution of free food to the poor from surplus commodity stocks, school lunch programs and food stamps in coalition with urban Democrats.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the 1980s, he clashed with the conservative <a href="/wiki/Reagan_administration" class="mw-redirect" title="Reagan administration">Reagan administration</a> on policy matters. He voted against Reagan's economic plans, tax cuts, increased defense spending, balanced budget initiative, <a href="/wiki/Tort_reform" title="Tort reform">tort reform</a>, welfare reform, abortion restrictions, missile defense system, and the <a href="/wiki/Gulf_War" title="Gulf War">Persian Gulf War</a>. Although Whitten represented a district that grew increasingly <a href="/wiki/Suburb" title="Suburb">suburban</a> and Republican-leaning from the 1970s onward, his opposition to Reagan's program did not affect him at the ballot box. Indeed, his seniority and popularity resulted in his facing only token, or "<a href="/wiki/Sacrificial_lamb" title="Sacrificial lamb">sacrificial lamb</a>", opponents on the occasions he faced any opposition at all, even in years when Republican presidential candidates carried the district by landslide margins. Nonetheless, it was assumed that he would be succeeded by a Republican when he retired. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Record_on_racial_issues">Record on racial issues</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jamie_Whitten&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Record on racial issues"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Whitten was originally a <a href="/wiki/Segregationist" class="mw-redirect" title="Segregationist">segregationist</a>, as were many of his colleagues from Mississippi and the rest of the South. He signed the <a href="/wiki/Southern_Manifesto" title="Southern Manifesto">Southern Manifesto</a> condemning the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States" title="Supreme Court of the United States">Supreme Court</a>'s decision in <i><a href="/wiki/Brown_v._Board_of_Education" title="Brown v. Board of Education">Brown v. Board of Education</a></i>, which ordered the desegregation of public schools. Along with virtually the entire Mississippi congressional delegation, he voted against the Civil Rights Acts of <a href="/wiki/Civil_Rights_Act_of_1957" title="Civil Rights Act of 1957">1957</a>, <a href="/wiki/Civil_Rights_Act_of_1960" title="Civil Rights Act of 1960">1960</a>, <a href="/wiki/Civil_Rights_Act_of_1964" title="Civil Rights Act of 1964">1964</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Civil_Rights_Act_of_1968" title="Civil Rights Act of 1968">1968</a>, as well as the <a href="/wiki/Voting_Rights_Act_of_1965" title="Voting Rights Act of 1965">Voting Rights Act of 1965</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Twenty-fourth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Twenty-fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution">24th Amendment to the Constitution</a>. Whitten later apologized for these votes, calling them a "mistake" caused by severe misjudgment.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> He voted for the <a href="/wiki/Civil_Rights_Act_of_1991" title="Civil Rights Act of 1991">Civil Rights Act of 1991</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Committees">Committees</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jamie_Whitten&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Committees"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Throughout most of his tenure in the House, Whitten served on the <a href="/wiki/U.S._House_Committee_on_Appropriations" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. House Committee on Appropriations">Appropriations Committee</a>, ultimately serving as chairman from the 1979 retirement of <a href="/wiki/George_H._Mahon" title="George H. Mahon">George H. Mahon</a> until newly-elected Democrats in the House Democratic Caucus removed him in favor of <a href="/wiki/William_Huston_Natcher" class="mw-redirect" title="William Huston Natcher">William Huston Natcher</a> after the <a href="/wiki/U.S._House_election,_1992" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. House election, 1992">1992 election</a>. In 1985, when then-junior Appropriations Committee member <a href="/wiki/Dick_Durbin" title="Dick Durbin">Dick Durbin</a> spoke with Chairman Whitten about possibly sitting on the Budget Committee, Whitten told him, "Well, if you want to be on that committee, you can be on that committee, but I want you to remember one thing, the Budget Committee deals in hallucinations and the Appropriations Committee deals in facts."<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While on the floor of the Senate on March 21, 2018, now Senator Durbin referred to that quote from Whitten as "Whitten's Law," which implies that the Budget Committee is a political branch that makes budget promises while the Appropriations Committee is obliged to either make or break those promises during the budget-making process. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Retirement_from_the_House">Retirement from the House</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jamie_Whitten&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Retirement from the House"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jamie_Whitten.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Jamie_Whitten.png/220px-Jamie_Whitten.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="253" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Jamie_Whitten.png/330px-Jamie_Whitten.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Jamie_Whitten.png/440px-Jamie_Whitten.png 2x" data-file-width="888" data-file-height="1022" /></a><figcaption>Whitten's official photo for the <a href="/wiki/102nd_United_States_Congress" title="102nd United States Congress">102nd United States Congress</a>, 1991</figcaption></figure> <p>Declining to run for reelection to a historic 28th term in 1994, Whitten retired from the House as America's longest-serving Congressman (53 years and two months). He retired to his home in <a href="/wiki/Oxford,_Mississippi" title="Oxford, Mississippi">Oxford, Mississippi</a> and died there on September 9, 1995, aged 85. His service from November 4, 1941, to January 3, 1995 set a record for <a href="/wiki/List_of_U._S._Congressmen_By_Longevity_of_Service#Uninterrupted_Congressional_Service_(House_only)" class="mw-redirect" title="List of U. S. Congressmen By Longevity of Service">length of service in the House</a>, which remained unbroken until February 11, 2009, when <a href="/wiki/Michigan" title="Michigan">Michigan</a> Rep. <a href="/wiki/John_Dingell" title="John Dingell">John Dingell</a> surpassed it. Whitten is also the <a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_United_States_Congress_by_longevity_of_service#Combined_U.S._Senate_and_U.S._House_time" title="List of members of the United States Congress by longevity of service">5th longest-serving Congressmember</a> (House and/or Senate) behind Dingell, <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Inouye" title="Daniel Inouye">Daniel Inouye</a>, <a href="/wiki/Carl_Hayden" title="Carl Hayden">Carl Hayden</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Robert_Byrd" title="Robert Byrd">Robert Byrd</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Publications">Publications</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jamie_Whitten&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Publications"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Whitten authored <i>That We May Live</i>, written largely as a pro-development, pro-chemical pesticide answer to <a href="/wiki/Rachel_Carson" title="Rachel Carson">Rachel Carson</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Silent_Spring" title="Silent Spring">Silent Spring</a></i>, the seminal 1962 book that helped spur the modern <a href="/wiki/Environmentalism" title="Environmentalism">environmental movement</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legacy_and_honors">Legacy and honors</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jamie_Whitten&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Legacy and honors"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Jamie Whitten Historical Site is located at the bridge of the <a href="/wiki/Natchez_Trace_Parkway" title="Natchez Trace Parkway">Natchez Trace Parkway</a> over the <a href="/wiki/Tennessee-Tombigbee_Waterway" class="mw-redirect" title="Tennessee-Tombigbee Waterway">Tennessee-Tombigbee Waterway</a>, two projects that Whitten had successfully fought to fund over his house tenure, overcoming strong opposition from <a href="/wiki/American_conservatism" class="mw-redirect" title="American conservatism">conservatives</a> to their construction using federal funds. </p><p>In June 1995, Congress renamed the main headquarters building of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Agriculture" title="United States Department of Agriculture">United States Department of Agriculture</a> in <a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a> the <a href="/wiki/Jamie_L._Whitten_Building" title="Jamie L. Whitten Building">Jamie L. Whitten Building</a> in his honor.<sup id="cite_ref-usdahist1_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-usdahist1-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Beta Beta chapter of <a href="/wiki/Beta_Theta_Pi" title="Beta Theta Pi">Beta Theta Pi</a> fraternity at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Mississippi" title="University of Mississippi">University of Mississippi</a> has named their leadership award after brother Whitten. Each year, one graduating brother is selected to receive the award based on his leadership and commitment to the chapter, university, and community. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jamie_Whitten&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFDavid_Binder1995" class="citation news cs1">David Binder (September 10, 1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1995/09/10/obituaries/jamie-whitten-who-served-53-years-in-house-dies-at-85.html">"Jamie Whitten, Who Served 53 Years in House, Dies at 85"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>. p. 53.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Jamie+Whitten%2C+Who+Served+53+Years+in+House%2C+Dies+at+85&rft.pages=53&rft.date=1995-09-10&rft.au=David+Binder&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1995%2F09%2F10%2Fobituaries%2Fjamie-whitten-who-served-53-years-in-house-dies-at-85.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJamie+Whitten" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sidney E. Brown, "An Analysis of the Federal Extension Service Appropriations," <i>Journal of the Northeastern Agricultural Economics Council</i> vol 8 (April 1979) DOI: 10.1017/s0163548400004611</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Michael Barone and Grant Ujifusa, <i>The Almanac of American Politics 1996</i> (1995) pp. 751–752.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/fda-farmers-still-debate-the-use-of-antibiotics-in-animals/2014/10/12/f4d93e38-508e-11e4-babe-e91da079cb8a_story.html">"FDA, farmers still debate the use of antibiotics in animals"</a>. <i>Washington Post</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 April</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Washington+Post&rft.atitle=FDA%2C+farmers+still+debate+the+use+of+antibiotics+in+animals&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fopinions%2Ffda-farmers-still-debate-the-use-of-antibiotics-in-animals%2F2014%2F10%2F12%2Ff4d93e38-508e-11e4-babe-e91da079cb8a_story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJamie+Whitten" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Senate Appropriations Committee, <i>Agriculture-environmental and Consumer Protection Appropriations for Fiscal Year 1975, Hearings Before ... 93-2 Parts 8-9</i> (1974) pp 219, 224 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=sTUVhLhup6gC">online</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">164 Cong. Rec. S1881 (daily ed. March 21, 2018) (statement of Sen. Durbin) <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.congress.gov/crec/2018/03/21/CREC-2018-03-21-pt1-PgS1881.pdf">https://www.congress.gov/crec/2018/03/21/CREC-2018-03-21-pt1-PgS1881.pdf</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://olemiss.edu/depts/general_library/archives/finding_docs/whitten/series_23.pdf">"Jamie L. Whitten Collection, Series 23: That We May Live"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>University of Mississippi Library and Archives</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-09-20</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=University+of+Mississippi+Library+and+Archives&rft.atitle=Jamie+L.+Whitten+Collection%2C+Series+23%3A+That+We+May+Live&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Folemiss.edu%2Fdepts%2Fgeneral_library%2Farchives%2Ffinding_docs%2Fwhitten%2Fseries_23.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJamie+Whitten" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-usdahist1-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-usdahist1_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090425013908/http://www.da.usda.gov/buildings.htm">"Histories of the USDA Headquarters Complex Buildings"</a>. U.S. Department of Agriculture. 2004. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.da.usda.gov/buildings.htm">the original</a> on 2009-04-25<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-05-10</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Histories+of+the+USDA+Headquarters+Complex+Buildings&rft.pub=U.S.+Department+of+Agriculture&rft.date=2004&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.da.usda.gov%2Fbuildings.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJamie+Whitten" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jamie_Whitten&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUnited_States_CongressW000428" class="citation web cs1">United States Congress. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=W000428">"Jamie Whitten (id: W000428)"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Biographical_Directory_of_the_United_States_Congress" title="Biographical Directory of the United States Congress">Biographical Directory of the United States Congress</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Biographical+Directory+of+the+United+States+Congress&rft.atitle=Jamie+Whitten+%28id%3A+W000428%29&rft.au=United+States+Congress&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbioguide.congress.gov%2Fscripts%2Fbiodisplay.pl%3Findex%3DW000428&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJamie+Whitten" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.c-span.org/person/?12417">Appearances</a> on <a href="/wiki/C-SPAN" title="C-SPAN">C-SPAN</a></li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #cccccc"><a href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="United States House of Representatives">U.S. House of Representatives</a> </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Wall_Doxey" title="Wall Doxey">Wall Doxey</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> Member of the <a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_representatives_from_Mississippi" title="List of United States representatives from Mississippi">U.S. House of Representatives</a><br />from <a href="/wiki/Mississippi%27s_2nd_congressional_district" title="Mississippi's 2nd congressional district">Mississippi's 2nd congressional district</a> </b><br />1941–1973 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/David_R._Bowen" title="David R. Bowen">David R. Bowen</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Abernethy_(politician)" title="Thomas Abernethy (politician)">Thomas Abernethy</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> Member of the <a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_representatives_from_Mississippi" title="List of United States representatives from Mississippi">U.S. House of Representatives</a><br />from <a href="/wiki/Mississippi%27s_1st_congressional_district" title="Mississippi's 1st congressional district">Mississippi's 1st congressional district</a> </b><br />1973–1995 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Roger_Wicker" title="Roger Wicker">Roger Wicker</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/George_H._Mahon" title="George H. Mahon">George H. Mahon</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> Chair of the <a href="/wiki/House_Appropriations_Committee" class="mw-redirect" title="House Appropriations Committee">House Appropriations Committee</a> </b><br />1979–1993 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/William_Natcher" title="William Natcher">William Natcher</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #FFF157;">Honorary titles </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/George_H._Mahon" title="George H. Mahon">George H. Mahon</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Dean_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="Dean of the United States House of Representatives">Dean of the United States House of Representatives</a> </b><br />1979–1995 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/John_Dingell" title="John Dingell">John Dingell</a></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output 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Washburne">Washburne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_L._Dawes" title="Henry L. Dawes">Dawes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_A._Garfield" title="James A. Garfield">Garfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_J._Randall" title="Samuel J. Randall">Randall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hiester_Clymer" title="Hiester Clymer">Clymer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_S._Holman" title="William S. Holman">Holman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_DeWitt_Clinton_Atkins" class="mw-redirect" title="John DeWitt Clinton Atkins">Atkins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Hiscock" title="Frank Hiscock">Hiscock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_J._Randall" title="Samuel J. Randall">Randall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Gurney_Cannon" title="Joseph Gurney Cannon">J. Cannon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_S._Holman" title="William S. Holman">Holman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_D._Sayers" title="Joseph D. Sayers">Sayers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Gurney_Cannon" title="Joseph Gurney Cannon">J. Cannon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_A._Hemenway" title="James A. Hemenway">Hemenway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Albertus_Tawney" class="mw-redirect" title="James Albertus Tawney">Tawney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_J._Fitzgerald" title="John J. Fitzgerald">Fitzgerald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._Swagar_Sherley" title="J. Swagar Sherley">Sherley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_William_Good" class="mw-redirect" title="James William Good">Good</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Russell_Davis" title="Charles Russell Davis">Davis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_B._Madden" title="Martin B. Madden">Madden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Read_Anthony_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="Daniel Read Anthony Jr.">Anthony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_R._Wood_(Indiana_politician)" title="William R. Wood (Indiana politician)">Wood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_W._Byrns_Sr." class="mw-redirect" title="Joseph W. Byrns Sr.">Byrns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_P._Buchanan" title="James P. Buchanan">Buchanan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_T._Taylor" title="Edward T. Taylor">Taylor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clarence_Cannon" title="Clarence Cannon">C. Cannon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Taber" title="John Taber">Taber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clarence_Cannon" title="Clarence Cannon">C. Cannon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Taber" title="John Taber">Taber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clarence_Cannon" title="Clarence Cannon">C. Cannon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_H._Mahon" title="George H. Mahon">Mahon</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Whitten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Natcher" title="William Natcher">Natcher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dave_Obey" title="Dave Obey">Obey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Livingston" title="Bob Livingston">Livingston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Young_(Florida_politician)" title="Bill Young (Florida politician)">Young</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerry_Lewis_(California_politician)" title="Jerry Lewis (California politician)">Lewis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dave_Obey" title="Dave Obey">Obey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hal_Rogers" title="Hal Rogers">Rogers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rodney_Frelinghuysen" title="Rodney Frelinghuysen">Frelinghuysen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nita_Lowey" title="Nita Lowey">Lowey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosa_DeLauro" title="Rosa DeLauro">DeLauro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kay_Granger" title="Kay Granger">Granger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Cole" title="Tom Cole">Cole</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Seal_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Seal of the United States House of Representatives"><img alt="Seal of the United States House of Representatives" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Seal_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives.svg/75px-Seal_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Seal_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives.svg/113px-Seal_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Seal_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives.svg/150px-Seal_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1030" data-file-height="1030" /></a></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Deans_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:US_House_deans" title="Template:US House deans"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a 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href="/wiki/William_Barry_Grove" title="William Barry Grove">Grove</a>/<a href="/wiki/Andrew_Gregg" title="Andrew Gregg">Gregg</a>/<a href="/wiki/Nathaniel_Macon" title="Nathaniel Macon">Macon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Stanford_(American_politician)" title="Richard Stanford (American politician)">Stanford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Davenport_(Connecticut_politician)" title="John Davenport (Connecticut politician)">Davenport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Newton_Jr." title="Thomas Newton Jr.">Newton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_McCoy_(congressman)" title="William McCoy (congressman)">McCoy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lewis_Williams_(politician)" title="Lewis Williams (politician)">Williams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horace_Everett" title="Horace Everett">Everett</a>/<a href="/wiki/Dixon_Hall_Lewis" class="mw-redirect" title="Dixon Hall Lewis">Lewis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Quincy_Adams" title="John Quincy Adams">Adams</a>/<a href="/wiki/James_Iver_McKay" class="mw-redirect" title="James Iver McKay">McKay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linn_Boyd" title="Linn Boyd">Boyd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joshua_Reed_Giddings" title="Joshua Reed Giddings">Giddings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_S._Phelps" title="John S. Phelps">Phelps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elihu_B._Washburne" title="Elihu B. Washburne">Washburne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_L._Dawes" title="Henry L. Dawes">Dawes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_D._Kelley" title="William D. Kelley">Kelley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_J._Randall" title="Samuel J. Randall">Randall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Gurney_Cannon" title="Joseph Gurney Cannon">Cannon</a>/<a href="/wiki/Roger_Q._Mills" title="Roger Q. Mills">Mills</a>/<a href="/wiki/James_Henderson_Blount" title="James Henderson Blount">Blount</a>/<a href="/wiki/Richard_P._Bland" title="Richard P. Bland">Bland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_B._Culberson" title="David B. Culberson">Culberson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Brackett_Reed" title="Thomas Brackett Reed">Reed</a>/<a href="/wiki/Alfred_C._Harmer" title="Alfred C. Harmer">Harmer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_H._Bingham" title="Henry H. Bingham">Bingham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Dalzell" title="John Dalzell">Dalzell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sereno_E._Payne" title="Sereno E. Payne">Payne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Atkinson_Jones" title="William Atkinson Jones">Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Allen_Cooper" title="Henry Allen Cooper">Cooper</a>/<a href="/wiki/Frederick_H._Gillett" title="Frederick H. Gillett">Gillett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_S._Butler" title="Thomas S. Butler">Butler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilbert_N._Haugen" title="Gilbert N. Haugen">Haugen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_W._Pou" title="Edward W. Pou">Pou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adolph_J._Sabath" title="Adolph J. Sabath">Sabath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_L._Doughton" title="Robert L. Doughton">Doughton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sam_Rayburn" title="Sam Rayburn">Rayburn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl_Vinson" title="Carl Vinson">Vinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emanuel_Celler" title="Emanuel Celler">Celler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wright_Patman" title="Wright Patman">Patman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_H._Mahon" title="George H. Mahon">Mahon</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Whitten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Dingell" title="John Dingell">Dingell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Conyers" title="John Conyers">Conyers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Don_Young" title="Don Young">Young</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hal_Rogers" title="Hal Rogers">Rogers</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Seal_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Seal of the United States House of Representatives"><img alt="Seal of the United States House of Representatives" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Seal_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives.svg/80px-Seal_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Seal_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives.svg/120px-Seal_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Seal_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives.svg/160px-Seal_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1030" data-file-height="1030" /></a></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1359158#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist 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