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class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Overview"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Overview</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Overview-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Early_years_(1404–1566)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_years_(1404–1566)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Early years (1404–1566)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_years_(1404–1566)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Instability_and_reform_by_Victor_Amadeus_II_(1566–1739)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Instability_and_reform_by_Victor_Amadeus_II_(1566–1739)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Instability and reform by Victor Amadeus II (1566–1739)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Instability_and_reform_by_Victor_Amadeus_II_(1566–1739)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-French_domination_(1739–1817)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#French_domination_(1739–1817)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>French domination (1739–1817)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-French_domination_(1739–1817)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Age_of_Victor_Emmanuel_I_(1817–1832)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Age_of_Victor_Emmanuel_I_(1817–1832)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>Age of Victor Emmanuel I (1817–1832)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Age_of_Victor_Emmanuel_I_(1817–1832)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_Charles_Albert_years_(1832–1864)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_Charles_Albert_years_(1832–1864)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.6</span> <span>The Charles Albert years (1832–1864)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_Charles_Albert_years_(1832–1864)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Brief_decline_and_revival_in_academic_research_(1864–1905)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Brief_decline_and_revival_in_academic_research_(1864–1905)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.7</span> <span>Brief decline and revival in academic research (1864–1905)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Brief_decline_and_revival_in_academic_research_(1864–1905)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-20th_century_and_beyond" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#20th_century_and_beyond"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.8</span> <span>20th century and beyond</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-20th_century_and_beyond-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Organization" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Organization"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Organization</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Organization-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Organization subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Organization-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Legal_status,_academic_policies,_and_rankings" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legal_status,_academic_policies,_and_rankings"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Legal status, academic policies, and rankings</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Legal_status,_academic_policies,_and_rankings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cooperation_and_internationalization_projects" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cooperation_and_internationalization_projects"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Cooperation and internationalization projects</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cooperation_and_internationalization_projects-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Reorganization_and_undergoing_projects" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reorganization_and_undergoing_projects"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Reorganization and undergoing projects</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reorganization_and_undergoing_projects-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Campuses" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Campuses"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Campuses</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Campuses-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Campuses subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Campuses-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Main_campus_in_Turin" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Main_campus_in_Turin"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Main campus in Turin</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Main_campus_in_Turin-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Special_units" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Special_units"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Special units</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Special_units-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Decentralized_faculties" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Decentralized_faculties"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Decentralized faculties</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Decentralized_faculties-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_alumni_and_faculty" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_alumni_and_faculty"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Notable alumni and faculty</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Notable_alumni_and_faculty-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Notable alumni and faculty subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Notable_alumni_and_faculty-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Alumni" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Alumni"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Alumni</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Alumni-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Business" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Business"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1.1</span> <span>Business</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Business-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Law" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Law"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1.2</span> <span>Law</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Law-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Literature" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Literature"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1.3</span> <span>Literature</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Literature-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Philosophy_and_religion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Philosophy_and_religion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1.4</span> <span>Philosophy and religion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Philosophy_and_religion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Politics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Politics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1.5</span> <span>Politics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Politics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sciences" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sciences"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1.6</span> <span>Sciences</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sciences-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1.7</span> <span>Other</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Faculty" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Faculty"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Faculty</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Faculty-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Points_of_interest" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Points_of_interest"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Points of interest</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Points_of_interest-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">University of Turin</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 44 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-44" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">44 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A9_%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%88" title="جامعة تورينو – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="جامعة تورينو" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Univ%C3%A8rsit%C3%A2t_de_Turin" title="Univèrsitât de Turin – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Univèrsitât de Turin" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%96_%D1%9E%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D1%96%D1%82%D1%8D%D1%82" title="Турынскі ўніверсітэт – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Турынскі ўніверсітэт" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%96_%D1%9E%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%B2%D1%8D%D1%80%D1%81%D1%8B%D1%82%D1%8D%D1%82" title="Турынскі ўнівэрсытэт – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Турынскі ўнівэрсытэт" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%82" title="Торински университет – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Торински университет" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universitat_de_Tor%C3%AD" title="Universitat de Torí – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Universitat de Torí" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tur%C3%ADnsk%C3%A1_univerzita" title="Turínská univerzita – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Turínská univerzita" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prifysgol_Torino" title="Prifysgol Torino – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Prifysgol Torino" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universitetet_i_Torino" title="Universitetet i Torino – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Universitetet i Torino" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universit%C3%A4t_Turin" title="Universität Turin – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Universität Turin" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%B5%CF%80%CE%B9%CF%83%CF%84%CE%AE%CE%BC%CE%B9%CE%BF_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%A4%CE%BF%CF%81%CE%AF%CE%BD%CE%BF" title="Πανεπιστήμιο του Τορίνο – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Πανεπιστήμιο του Τορίνο" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universidad_de_Tur%C3%ADn" title="Universidad de Turín – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Universidad de Turín" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universitato_de_Torino" title="Universitato de Torino – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Universitato de Torino" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turingo_Unibertsitatea" title="Turingo Unibertsitatea – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Turingo Unibertsitatea" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B4%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%87_%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%86" title="دانشگاه تورین – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="دانشگاه تورین" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universit%C3%A9_de_Turin" title="Université de Turin – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Université de Turin" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%86%A0%EB%A6%AC%EB%85%B8_%EB%8C%80%ED%95%99%EA%B5%90" title="토리노 대학교 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="토리노 대학교" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B9%D5%B8%D6%82%D6%80%D5%AB%D5%B6%D5%AB_%D5%B0%D5%A1%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%AC%D5%BD%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%B6" title="Թուրինի համալսարան – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Թուրինի համալսարան" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sveu%C4%8Dili%C5%A1te_u_Torinu" title="Sveučilište u Torinu – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Sveučilište u Torinu" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universitato_di_Torino" title="Universitato di Torino – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Universitato di Torino" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universitas_Torino" title="Universitas Torino – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Universitas Torino" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universitate_de_Turin" title="Universitate de Turin – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Universitate de Turin" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universit%C3%A0_degli_Studi_di_Torino" title="Università degli Studi di Torino – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Università degli Studi di Torino" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universitas_Taurinensis" title="Universitas Taurinensis – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Universitas Taurinensis" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torin%C3%B3i_Egyetem" title="Torinói Egyetem – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Torinói Egyetem" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A9_%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%88" title="جامعة تورينو – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="جامعة تورينو" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universiteit_van_Turijn" title="Universiteit van Turijn – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Universiteit van Turijn" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%88%E3%83%AA%E3%83%8E%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6" title="トリノ大学 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="トリノ大学" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universitetet_i_Torino" title="Universitetet i Torino – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Universitetet i Torino" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universitetet_i_Torino" title="Universitetet i Torino – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Universitetet i Torino" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universit%C3%A0_%C3%ABd_Turin" title="Università ëd Turin – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Università ëd Turin" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uniwersytet_Tury%C5%84ski" title="Uniwersytet Turyński – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Uniwersytet Turyński" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universidade_de_Turim" title="Universidade de Turim – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Universidade de Turim" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universitatea_din_Torino" title="Universitatea din Torino – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Universitatea din Torino" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%82" title="Туринский университет – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Туринский университет" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universiteti_i_Torinos" title="Universiteti i Torinos – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Universiteti i Torinos" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Univirsitati_di_Turinu" title="Univirsitati di Turinu – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Univirsitati di Turinu" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Turin" title="University of Turin – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="University of Turin" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%82_%D1%83_%D0%A2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%83" title="Универзитет у Торину – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Универзитет у Торину" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torinon_yliopisto" title="Torinon yliopisto – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Torinon yliopisto" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unibersidad_ng_Turino" title="Unibersidad ng Turino – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Unibersidad ng Turino" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torino_%C3%9Cniversitesi" title="Torino Üniversitesi – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Torino Üniversitesi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%83%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%82" title="Туринський університет – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Туринський університет" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" 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.latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=University_of_Turin&params=45_04_10_N_7_41_20_E_"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">45°04′10″N</span> <span class="longitude">7°41′20″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">45.06944°N 7.68889°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">45.06944; 7.68889</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">University in Turin, Italy</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">University of Turin</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="nickname" lang="it"><i>Università degli Studi di Torino</i></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:University_of_Turin_Sigil.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/University_of_Turin_Sigil.svg/150px-University_of_Turin_Sigil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/University_of_Turin_Sigil.svg/225px-University_of_Turin_Sigil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/University_of_Turin_Sigil.svg/300px-University_of_Turin_Sigil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="680" data-file-height="681" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data nickname"><a href="/wiki/Latin_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin language">Latin</a>: <i lang="la">Alma Universitas Taurinensis</i></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;">Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Public_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Public University">Public</a> <a href="/wiki/Research_university" title="Research university">research university</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;">Established</th><td class="infobox-data"><abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 1404<span class="noprint">; 620 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">1404</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;">Founder</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Louis_of_Piedmont" title="Louis of Piedmont">Louis of Piedmont</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;"><a href="/wiki/Higher_education_accreditation" title="Higher education accreditation">Accreditation</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Education,_University_and_Research" title="Ministry of Education, University and Research">MIUR</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Academic affiliations</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_University_Association" title="European University Association">EUA</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/International_Association_of_Universities" title="International Association of Universities">IAU</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_Universities_Union" title="Mediterranean Universities Union">UNIMED</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Network_of_European_Regions_Using_Space_Technologies" title="Network of European Regions Using Space Technologies">NEREUS</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Scholars_at_Risk" title="Scholars at Risk">SAR</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Universitas_Montium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Universitas Montium (page does not exist)">UNITA</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/CINECA" title="CINECA">CINECA</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Netval_Research_Universities_Network" title="Netval Research Universities Network">NETVAL</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Consorzio_ICoN" title="Consorzio ICoN">ICON</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;"><a href="/wiki/Financial_endowment" title="Financial endowment">Endowment</a></th><td class="infobox-data">€460 million (2018)<sup id="cite_ref-unito.it_endow_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-unito.it_endow-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;"><a href="/wiki/Rector_(academia)" title="Rector (academia)">Rector</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Stefano Geuna</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Academic staff</div></th><td class="infobox-data">2,152<sup id="cite_ref-unito.it_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-unito.it-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Administrative staff</div></th><td class="infobox-data">1,879<sup id="cite_ref-unito.it_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-unito.it-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;">Students</th><td class="infobox-data">81,200 (February 2022)<sup id="cite_ref-unito.it_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-unito.it-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;"><a href="/wiki/Undergraduate_education" title="Undergraduate education">Undergraduates</a></th><td class="infobox-data">78,900 (February 2022)<sup id="cite_ref-unito.it_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-unito.it-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;"><a href="/wiki/Postgraduate_education" title="Postgraduate education">Postgraduates</a></th><td class="infobox-data">1,200 (February 2022)<sup id="cite_ref-unito.it_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-unito.it-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Doctorate" title="Doctorate">Doctoral students</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">1,100 (February 2022)<sup id="cite_ref-unito.it_2-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-unito.it-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;">Location</th><td class="infobox-data adr"><div style="display:inline" class="locality"><a href="/wiki/Turin" title="Turin">Turin</a></div>, <div style="display:inline" class="state"><a href="/wiki/Piedmont" title="Piedmont">Piedmont</a></div>, <div style="display:inline" class="country-name"><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a></div><br /><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=University_of_Turin&params=45_04_10_N_7_41_20_E_"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">45°04′10″N</span> <span class="longitude">7°41′20″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">45.06944°N 7.68889°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">45.06944; 7.68889</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;">Campus</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Urban_area" title="Urban area">Urban</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;">Sports teams</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.custorino.it/">CUS Torino</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;"><a href="/wiki/School_colors" title="School colors">Colors</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Gray & Black <br /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#707372; color:white;"> </span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#000000; color:white;"> </span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;">Mascot</th><td class="infobox-data">Toro the <a href="/wiki/Bull" title="Bull">Bull</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://unito.it">unito<wbr />.it</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Loggiato_Universit%C3%A0_di_Torino.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Loggiato_Universit%C3%A0_di_Torino.jpg/235px-Loggiato_Universit%C3%A0_di_Torino.jpg" decoding="async" width="235" height="154" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1b/Loggiato_Universit%C3%A0_di_Torino.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="197" /></a><figcaption>Hall of the Rectorate Palace of the University of Turin</figcaption></figure> <p>The <b>University of Turin</b> (<a href="/wiki/Italian_language" title="Italian language">Italian</a>: <i>Università degli Studi di Torino</i>, <b>UNITO</b>) is a <a href="/wiki/Public_university" title="Public university">public</a> <a href="/wiki/Research_university" title="Research university">research university</a> in the city of <a href="/wiki/Turin" title="Turin">Turin</a>, in the <a href="/wiki/Piedmont_(Italy)" class="mw-redirect" title="Piedmont (Italy)">Piedmont</a> region of <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a>. It is one of the <a href="/wiki/List_of_oldest_universities_in_continuous_operation" title="List of oldest universities in continuous operation">oldest universities</a> in Europe and continues to play an important role in research and training. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Turin&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Overview">Overview</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Turin&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Overview"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The University of Turin was founded as a <i>studium</i> in 1404, under the initiative of Prince <a href="/wiki/Louis_of_Piedmont" title="Louis of Piedmont">Ludovico di Savoia</a>. From 1427 to 1436 the seat of the university was transferred to <a href="/wiki/Chieri" title="Chieri">Chieri</a> and <a href="/wiki/Savigliano" title="Savigliano">Savigliano</a>. It was closed in 1536 following the invasion of the Savoy lands by France, and reestablished by Duke <a href="/wiki/Emmanuel_Philibert,_Duke_of_Savoy" title="Emmanuel Philibert, Duke of Savoy">Emmanuel Philibert</a> thirty years later. It started to gain its modern shape following the model of the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Bologna" title="University of Bologna">University of Bologna</a>, although significant development did not occur until the reforms made by <a href="/wiki/Victor_Amadeus_II" title="Victor Amadeus II">Victor Amadeus II</a>, who also created the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Collegio_delle_Province&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Collegio delle Province (page does not exist)">Collegio delle Province</a> for students not natives of Turin. </p><p>With the reforms carried out by <a href="/wiki/Victor_Amadeus_II_of_Sardinia" class="mw-redirect" title="Victor Amadeus II of Sardinia">Victor Amadeus II</a>, the University of Turin became a new reference model for many other universities. During the 19th century, the university faced an enormous growth in faculty and endowment size, becoming a point of reference of the Italian <a href="/wiki/Positivism" title="Positivism">Positivism</a>. Notable scholars of this period include <a href="/wiki/Cesare_Lombroso" title="Cesare Lombroso">Cesare Lombroso</a>, <a href="/wiki/Carlo_Forlanini" title="Carlo Forlanini">Carlo Forlanini</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Arturo_Graf" title="Arturo Graf">Arturo Graf</a>. </p><p>In the 20th century, the University of Turin was one of the centres of the Italian <a href="/wiki/Anti-fascism" title="Anti-fascism">anti-fascism</a> movement. After the post-war period, the increase in the number of students and the improvement of campus structure were imposed, although they lost some of their importance until a new wave of investments was carried out at the end of that century. The new impulse was performed in collaboration with other national and international research centres, as well as with local organizations and the <a href="/wiki/Italian_Minister_of_Public_Instruction" class="mw-redirect" title="Italian Minister of Public Instruction">Italian Minister of Public Instruction</a>. </p><p>By the end of the 1990s, the local campuses of Alessandria, Novara, and Vercelli became autonomous units under the new <a href="/wiki/University_of_Eastern_Piedmont" title="University of Eastern Piedmont">University of Eastern Piedmont</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_years_(1404–1566)"><span id="Early_years_.281404.E2.80.931566.29"></span>Early years (1404–1566)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Turin&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Early years (1404–1566)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>At the beginning of the 15th century, instability in the Lombard region caused by the political and military crisis, coupled with the untimely death of <a href="/wiki/Gian_Galeazzo_Visconti" title="Gian Galeazzo Visconti">Gian Galeazzo Visconti</a>, induced the teaching staff of the Universities of <a href="/wiki/Pavia" title="Pavia">Pavia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Piacenza" title="Piacenza">Piacenza</a> to propose to <a href="/wiki/Louis_of_Piedmont" title="Louis of Piedmont">Ludovico di Savoia-Acaia</a> the creation of a new <a href="/wiki/Studium_generale" title="Studium generale">Studium generale</a>. </p><p>Choice of the location fell on Turin for a number of reasons: first, it was at the crossroads between the <a href="/wiki/Alps" title="Alps">Alps</a>, <a href="/wiki/Liguria" title="Liguria">Liguria</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lombardy" title="Lombardy">Lombardy</a>; it was also an episcopal seat and in addition, the Savoy Prince was willing to establish a university on his own land, like those in other parts of Italy. In autumn 1404, a bull issued by <a href="/wiki/Antipope_Benedict_XIII" title="Antipope Benedict XIII">Benedict XIII</a>, the Avignon Pope, marked the actual birth of a centre of higher learning, formally ratified in 1412 by the Emperor Sigmund's certification and subsequently, in 1413, by a bull issued by <a href="/wiki/Antipope_John_XXIII" title="Antipope John XXIII">antipope John XXIII</a>, the Pisan Pope, and probably by another issued in 1419 by <a href="/wiki/Martin_V" class="mw-redirect" title="Martin V">Martin V</a>, Pope of Rome, and by a series of papal privileges. The new institution, which initially only held courses in civil and canon law, was authorized to confer both the academic "licentia" and "doctoratus" titles that later became a single "laurea" (degree) title. The Bishop, as Rector of Studies, proclaimed and conferred the title on the new doctors. </p><p>The early decades were marked by discontinuity, due to epidemics and crises that plagued the region between the 1420s and the 1430s following the annexation of the Piedmont territories to the Duchy of Savoy and by difficult relations between the university and the local public administration. After a series of interruptions in its activities, the university was moved to <a href="/wiki/Chieri" title="Chieri">Chieri</a> (between 1427 and 1434) and later, in 1434, to <a href="/wiki/Savigliano" title="Savigliano">Savigliano</a>. </p><p>In 1436, when the institution returned to Turin, Ludovico di Savoia, who succeeded Amedeo VIII, introduced a new order of studies whereby the government gained greater control over the university. The ducal licenses of 6 October 1436 set up the three faculties of <a href="/wiki/Theology" title="Theology">Theology</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arts" class="mw-redirect" title="Arts">Arts</a> and <a href="/wiki/Medicine" title="Medicine">Medicine</a>, and <a href="/wiki/University_of_Turin,_Faculty_of_Law" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Turin, Faculty of Law">Law</a>, and twenty-five lectureships or chairs. The growth and development of the role of Turin as the subalpine capital led to the consolidation of the university and stability that lasted for almost a hundred years. </p><p>From 1443 the university was housed in a modest building purchased and refurbished by the city for this purpose on the corner of via Doragrossa (now <a href="/w/index.php?title=Via_Garibaldi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Via Garibaldi (page does not exist)">Via Garibaldi</a>) and via dello Studio (today's via San Francesco d'Assisi) directly behind the Town Hall, until the opening of the university premises in via Po, in 1720. The Study, closed at the beginning of 1536 with the French occupation, reopened in 1558 with lecturers at Mondovì; it was re-established in Turin in 1566. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Unitominerva.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/66/Unitominerva.jpg/220px-Unitominerva.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="287" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/6/66/Unitominerva.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="245" data-file-height="320" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Minerva" title="Minerva">Minerva</a> Statue in front of the Rectorate Palace at the University of Turin.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Instability_and_reform_by_Victor_Amadeus_II_(1566–1739)"><span id="Instability_and_reform_by_Victor_Amadeus_II_.281566.E2.80.931739.29"></span>Instability and reform by Victor Amadeus II (1566–1739)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Turin&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Instability and reform by Victor Amadeus II (1566–1739)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>With <a href="/wiki/Emmanuel_Philibert,_Duke_of_Savoy" title="Emmanuel Philibert, Duke of Savoy">Emmanuel Philibert</a> and <a href="/wiki/Charles_Emmanuel_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles Emmanuel I">Charles Emmanuel I</a>, the university enjoyed a season of great prosperity due to the presence of illustrious teachers and a sizeable and culturally motivated student body. However, a lengthy period of decline set in around the second half of the 17th century because of plagues, famines and continual wars: courses were irregular or temporarily suspended, the number of chairs was reduced, and for those temporarily vacant, it was necessary to resort to private instruction. </p><p>The opening of the new premises marked a major turning point in the history of the greatest Piedmontese educational institution. The inauguration building in via Po, close to <a href="/wiki/Piazza_Castello" class="mw-redirect" title="Piazza Castello">Piazza Castello</a>, and the seats of power and other educational institutions of the city, coincided with the academic year 1720–1721, the first year of the reform of university studies passed by <a href="/wiki/Victor_Amadeus_II" title="Victor Amadeus II">Victor Amadeus II</a> in the context of a radical renewal at all levels of public administration and education. </p><p>Victor Amadeus II was convinced that an efficient university controlled directly by the state was the only way to form a faithful and well-trained ruling class that could support him in the process of modernizing the Nation. While the <a href="/wiki/War_of_Spanish_Succession" class="mw-redirect" title="War of Spanish Succession">War of Spanish Succession</a> was still being fought, the Duke had entrusted his officials to gather information concerning the structure of the major Italian and foreign universities, and charged the Sicilian jurist <a href="/w/index.php?title=Francesco_D%27Aguirre&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Francesco D'Aguirre (page does not exist)">Francesco D'Aguirre</a> with the task of drawing up a reorganization project. </p><p>Among the notable innovations of the reform enacted by Victor Amadeus was the opening of the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Collegio_delle_Province&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Collegio delle Province (page does not exist)">Collegio delle Province</a> (Halls of Residence for the Provinces), which housed one hundred young people of low social extraction to aid them in completing their studies at the State's expenses, and the establishment of the chair of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Eloquenza_Italiana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eloquenza Italiana (page does not exist)">Eloquenza Italiana</a> (Italian rhetoric) alongside that of Latin. This had a noteworthy effect on the cultural-linguistic models of the Duchy. At the time, the Piedmontese Studium became a point of reference for university reforms at <a href="/wiki/Parma" title="Parma">Parma</a> and <a href="/wiki/Modena" title="Modena">Modena</a> and subsequently, a model for the universities in <a href="/wiki/Cagliari" title="Cagliari">Cagliari</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sassari" title="Sassari">Sassari</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="French_domination_(1739–1817)"><span id="French_domination_.281739.E2.80.931817.29"></span>French domination (1739–1817)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Turin&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: French domination (1739–1817)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Charles_Emmanuel_III" title="Charles Emmanuel III">Charles Emmanuel III</a> continued the policy of innovation and consolidation begun by Victor Amadeus II and created a University Museum in 1739. However, in the last decades of the 18th century, the course of events at the university, closely connected to international developments, led to great urban unrest and the loss of state prestige. The revolt of university students in 1791 joined by artisans who stormed the "Collegio delle Province" in 1792 causing numerous victims, was a clear instance of this conflict. </p><p>The university and "Collegio" were closed in the autumn of the same year when war broke out against revolutionary France. In January 1799, the provisional Piedmontese government reopened the university under the control of the "Comité d'instruction publique" (Committee for Public Instruction). In summer 1800, the second provisional government transformed the university into a national university and replaced the faculties with eight special schools, which were based on the existing pattern: chemistry and rural economy, surgery, drawing and fine arts, legislation, medicine, physical and mathematical sciences, literature and veterinary medicine. Two years later, literature was abolished, medicine and surgery were merged and many chairs were suppressed for financial reasons. </p><p>Another milestone in the Turin university system was the introduction of the new Imperial order, since Piedmont had become a French Department; this involved the personal appointment by <a href="/wiki/Napoleon" title="Napoleon">Napoleon</a> of a rector to head each university. Because of its size, number of chairs, teaching staff and students the Piedmontese University became the second largest in the empire after Paris. </p><p>A famous student of this age was <a href="/wiki/Joseph-Louis_Lagrange" title="Joseph-Louis Lagrange">Joseph-Louis Lagrange</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Age_of_Victor_Emmanuel_I_(1817–1832)"><span id="Age_of_Victor_Emmanuel_I_.281817.E2.80.931832.29"></span>Age of Victor Emmanuel I (1817–1832)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Turin&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Age of Victor Emmanuel I (1817–1832)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_revolt_of_the_students_of_Turin_University,_1821.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/The_revolt_of_the_students_of_Turin_University%2C_1821.jpg/220px-The_revolt_of_the_students_of_Turin_University%2C_1821.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="308" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/The_revolt_of_the_students_of_Turin_University%2C_1821.jpg/330px-The_revolt_of_the_students_of_Turin_University%2C_1821.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6c/The_revolt_of_the_students_of_Turin_University%2C_1821.jpg 2x" data-file-width="366" data-file-height="512" /></a><figcaption>The revolt of the students of Turin University, 1821</figcaption></figure> <p>With the fall of Napoleon, <a href="/wiki/Victor_Emmanuel_I" title="Victor Emmanuel I">Victor Emmanuel I</a> brought back the former legislation of the Savoy regime. Innovations in the following years involved the establishment of the chair of political economy in the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Turin,_Faculty_of_Law" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Turin, Faculty of Law">Faculty of Law</a> in 1817, the opening of a veterinary school at Venaria in 1818, and a new procedure for the appointment of the rector by the academic staff of each faculty, who proposed to the sovereign a list of names of retired or teaching professors. </p><p>The uprisings in 1821 were supported by students in Turin to the extent that the Collegio delle Province had to be closed and the university itself operated only to a limited degree. To prevent student assemblies in the capital, it was ordered that all students who did not come from the provinces of Turin, <a href="/wiki/Pinerolo" title="Pinerolo">Pinerolo</a> and <a href="/wiki/Susa,_Italy" class="mw-redirect" title="Susa, Italy">Susa</a> would continue their education in their place of residence, where coaches went to supervise the progress of their studies and to conduct so-called "private" examinations. In this period too participation in the appointment of the rector was restricted: the president of the magistrature submitted the names of five candidates to the king, chosen among the teaching staff of surgery, medicine, sciences, <a href="/wiki/University_of_Turin,_Faculty_of_Law" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Turin, Faculty of Law">Law</a>, Literature and Theology but without the involvement of the professors. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_Charles_Albert_years_(1832–1864)"><span id="The_Charles_Albert_years_.281832.E2.80.931864.29"></span>The Charles Albert years (1832–1864)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Turin&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: The Charles Albert years (1832–1864)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Charles_Albert" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles Albert">Charles Albert</a>'s opening up to moderate liberalism and his international outlook had positive effects on the university, too: like the development of institutions and the foundation of others, in addition to the appointment of illustrious scholars such as the French <a href="/wiki/Augustin_Cauchy" class="mw-redirect" title="Augustin Cauchy">Augustin Cauchy</a> to teach sublime physics and the Dalmatian <a href="/wiki/Pier_Alessandro_Paravia" title="Pier Alessandro Paravia">Pier Alessandro Paravia</a> to the chair of Italian rhetoric. </p><p>In 1832 the Institute of Forensic Medicine was set up, in 1837 a specialization course in obstetrics was introduced and a new theatre and museum of anatomy was opened at the San Giovanni Battista Hospital to bring together the materials stored at the university and those collected since 1818 at the Museum of Pathological Anatomy. In 1842 the Collegio delle Province was reopened and students gradually resumed attending courses, which were better organized thanks to the increased number of chairs. An Upper School of Methods and the chair of the military history of Italy (1846)—which became the chair of modern history—were set up. The chair of political economy was revived. </p><p>The new order of 1850 redesigned the Medicine and Surgery course to give scope for clinical experience and practice in hospitals and laid the foundations for the School of Pharmacology, which later became a faculty. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Brief_decline_and_revival_in_academic_research_(1864–1905)"><span id="Brief_decline_and_revival_in_academic_research_.281864.E2.80.931905.29"></span>Brief decline and revival in academic research (1864–1905)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Turin&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Brief decline and revival in academic research (1864–1905)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Cultural life involving intellectuals and exiles, journalists and politicians was very lively inside and outside the university until the capital was moved to <a href="/wiki/Florence" title="Florence">Florence</a>: its decline commenced when members of the teaching staff were called to government duties or to State management. Thus the circles that gravitated around the Court thinned and the City itself dropped from 220,000 inhabitants to less than 190,000. </p><p>However, the university managed to find new life among the science faculties and their staff: in fact, in early 1864, <a href="/wiki/Filippo_de_Filippi" class="mw-redirect" title="Filippo de Filippi">Filippo de Filippi</a>, professor of zoology in the Science Faculty, held the first lecture in Italy on the theories of <a href="/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin">Charles Darwin</a>. At his death, in 1867, <a href="/wiki/Michele_Lessona" title="Michele Lessona">Michele Lessona</a> succeeded to the chair and became director of the Museum of Zoology, then dean of the Faculty of Sciences and, finally, rector from 1877 to 1880. </p> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Unitobotanico.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/98/Unitobotanico.jpg/250px-Unitobotanico.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="168" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/98/Unitobotanico.jpg/375px-Unitobotanico.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/98/Unitobotanico.jpg/500px-Unitobotanico.jpg 2x" data-file-width="520" data-file-height="350" /></a><figcaption>Botanic Gardens.</figcaption></figure> <p>Thanks to <a href="/wiki/Giulio_Bizzozero" title="Giulio Bizzozero">Giulio Bizzozero</a>, who founded the Laboratory of General Pathology (1873) and contributed largely to the spread of the microscope in addition to discovering blood platelets, medicine in Turin branched out into the field of social medicine to meet the health and sanitary needs of the population, in particular with regard to infectious diseases and infant mortality. </p><p>The political activities of <a href="/wiki/Luigi_Pagliani" class="mw-redirect" title="Luigi Pagliani">Luigi Pagliani</a>, professor of hygiene and founder in 1878 of the Hygiene Society, were at the basis of the strategies of public health in Italy, while discoveries made by <a href="/wiki/Edoardo_Perroncito" title="Edoardo Perroncito">Edoardo Bellarmino Perroncito</a>, the first to hold a chair of parasitology in Italy (1879), saved the lives of thousands of miners all over Europe. </p><p>In 1876, <a href="/wiki/Cesare_Lombroso" title="Cesare Lombroso">Cesare Lombroso</a> set up the Institute of Forensic Medicine; in 1884 <a href="/wiki/Carlo_Forlanini" title="Carlo Forlanini">Carlo Forlanini</a> tried out the first artificial lung in Turin. </p><p>In 1887 the Botanical Institute and Gardens started a systematic collection of all plants present in the Piedmont Region; in 1878 the University Consortium was constituted with the Municipality, the Province of Turin and some of the neighbouring Provinces "in order to preserve the prestige of the University of Turin as one of the primary centres of university studies [in Italy and Europe]." </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Museoanatunito.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/13/Museoanatunito.jpg/150px-Museoanatunito.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="97" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/13/Museoanatunito.jpg/225px-Museoanatunito.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/13/Museoanatunito.jpg/300px-Museoanatunito.jpg 2x" data-file-width="602" data-file-height="389" /></a><figcaption>Museum of Human Anatomy.</figcaption></figure> <p>At the turn of the century some of the science institutes moved to the Valentino area and vacated the old buildings in <a href="/w/index.php?title=Via_Cavour,_Turin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Via Cavour, Turin (page does not exist)">via Cavour</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Via_Po&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Via Po (page does not exist)">via Po</a>. The teaching and research activities of physics, chemistry, pharmacology, physiology, general pathology, human anatomy, pathological anatomy and forensic medicine were relocated to purpose-built facilities. Significant results were reached in the following years both in scientific research and in the organization of teaching. </p><p>In 1893 the foundation of the Laboratory of Political Economy connected to the university and the Industrial Museum marked a further feat beyond the scientific sphere. </p><p>In the Humanities, <a href="/wiki/Arturo_Graf" title="Arturo Graf">Arturo Graf</a>, a "European Turinese", deserves special mention. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="20th_century_and_beyond">20th century and beyond</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Turin&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: 20th century and beyond"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Unitoecon.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/5/5b/Unitoecon.jpg/200px-Unitoecon.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="149" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/5/5b/Unitoecon.jpg/300px-Unitoecon.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/5/5b/Unitoecon.jpg 2x" data-file-width="320" data-file-height="239" /></a><figcaption>Faculty of Economics.</figcaption></figure> <p>The 20th century saw the institution of the first Italian chair of psychology, held by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Friedrich_Kiesow&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Friedrich Kiesow (page does not exist)">Friedrich Kiesow</a> in 1905, the foundation of the Institute of the History of Mediaeval and Modern Art in 1907 and that of Archaeology in 1908. In 1906 the Regia Scuola Superiore di Studi Applicati al Commercio (the Royal School of Applied Studies in Commerce) commenced its courses. In 1935, this early nucleus became the fully-fledged Faculty of Economics, together with the Faculty of Agriculture. </p><p>At the turn of the century, a branch of the university formed the first nucleus of the Polytechnic under the guidance of <a href="/wiki/Galileo_Ferraris" title="Galileo Ferraris">Galileo Ferraris</a>. In the same period <a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Peano" title="Giuseppe Peano">Giuseppe Peano</a> taught at the Faculty of Sciences. </p><p>Last century, the Letters Faculty could claim staff such as <a href="/wiki/Umberto_Eco" title="Umberto Eco">Umberto Eco</a>, <a href="/wiki/Luigi_Pareyson" title="Luigi Pareyson">Luigi Pareyson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nicola_Abbagnano" title="Nicola Abbagnano">Nicola Abbagnano</a>, <a href="/wiki/Massimo_Mila" title="Massimo Mila">Massimo Mila</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lionello_Venturi" title="Lionello Venturi">Lionello Venturi</a> and <a href="/wiki/Franco_Venturi" title="Franco Venturi">Franco Venturi</a>. <a href="/wiki/Luigi_Einaudi" title="Luigi Einaudi">Luigi Einaudi</a> and <a href="/wiki/Norberto_Bobbio" title="Norberto Bobbio">Norberto Bobbio</a> taught in the Law Faculty. The <a href="/wiki/Gentile_Reform" title="Gentile Reform">Gentile Reform</a> of 1923 officially recognized 21 universities in Italy; Turin was included among the 10 State universities directly managed and funded by the State but were independent as regards administration and teaching, as far as the law allowed, and supervised by the <a href="/wiki/National_Education_Ministry" class="mw-redirect" title="National Education Ministry">National Education Ministry</a>. </p><p>In the 1930s, <a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Levi" title="Giuseppe Levi">Giuseppe Levi</a> trained <a href="/wiki/Salvador_Luria" title="Salvador Luria">Salvador Luria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Renato_Dulbecco" title="Renato Dulbecco">Renato Dulbecco</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rita_Levi-Montalcini" title="Rita Levi-Montalcini">Rita Levi-Montalcini</a>, each of whom went on to win the Nobel Prize in Medicine or Physiology (after emigrating to the United States).<sup id="cite_ref-bio-levi-neurosci_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bio-levi-neurosci-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Many of the protagonists of Italian political and social life in the 20th century, such as <a href="/wiki/Antonio_Gramsci" title="Antonio Gramsci">Antonio Gramsci</a> and <a href="/wiki/Piero_Gobetti" title="Piero Gobetti">Piero Gobetti</a>, <a href="/wiki/Palmiro_Togliatti" title="Palmiro Togliatti">Palmiro Togliatti</a> and <a href="/wiki/Massimo_Bontempelli" title="Massimo Bontempelli">Massimo Bontempelli</a>, graduated from Turin University. With its rich variety of subjects, the University of Turin has always maintained a characteristic cultural imprint made up of rigour and independence in teaching, and a spirit of service and openness to European culture. </p><p>In recent years, research workers, both in the humanities and in natural sciences, have turned their attention to nations in the southern hemisphere. Furthermore, some departments are involved in integrated research and co-operation in line with EU universities and with universities in developing countries. The school of management and economics is the most prestigious in the country. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Organization">Organization</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Turin&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Organization"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Legal_status,_academic_policies,_and_rankings"><span id="Legal_status.2C_academic_policies.2C_and_rankings"></span>Legal status, academic policies, and rankings</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Turin&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Legal status, academic policies, and rankings"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The current organization of the university system is based on Law 168/89, which set up the Ministero dell'Università e della Ricerca Scientifica e Tecnologica (Ministry for the Universities and Scientific and Technological Research) and ordered a number of provisions aimed at granting greater autonomy in university administration, and in the structure of research, teaching and organization. </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Palazzocampana.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f6/Palazzocampana.jpg/200px-Palazzocampana.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="148" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f6/Palazzocampana.jpg/300px-Palazzocampana.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/f/f6/Palazzocampana.jpg 2x" data-file-width="320" data-file-height="237" /></a><figcaption>One of the University's buildings: Palazzo Campana.</figcaption></figure> <p>The objective of the subsequent 1999 University reform was to make the Italian tertiary education system comply with the model defined by the European agreements of the <a href="/wiki/Sorbonne_(building)" title="Sorbonne (building)">Sorbonne</a> and of Bologna. The teaching reform was implemented at the University of Turin with the development and expansion of the provisions of law. Above all applied to vocational guidance, seen as a strategic link between high school and university education, where professional training must not be given preference over the education of citizens, and of the cultivated individual as valuable per se. </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/College_and_university_rankings" title="College and university rankings">University rankings</a></span></th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:lavender;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546">Global – Overall</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><i><a href="/wiki/Academic_Ranking_of_World_Universities" title="Academic Ranking of World Universities">ARWU</a></i> World<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th><td class="infobox-data" style="width:35%;text-align:right">201–300</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><i><a href="/wiki/QS_World_University_Rankings" title="QS World University Rankings">QS</a></i> World<sup id="cite_ref-topuniversities1_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-topuniversities1-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th><td class="infobox-data" style="width:35%;text-align:right">551–600</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><i><a href="/wiki/Times_Higher_Education_World_University_Rankings" title="Times Higher Education World University Rankings">THE</a></i> World<sup id="cite_ref-timeshighereducation1_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-timeshighereducation1-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th><td class="infobox-data" style="width:35%;text-align:right">401–500</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><th colspan="2"> </th></tr></tbody></table> <p>The University of Turin has chosen research as its top priority: both fundamental and business-oriented research that blends skills pertaining to: </p> <ul><li>National and international research</li> <li>Technological transfer (spin off, patents)</li> <li>Relations with local business and with the territory</li> <li>Commissioned research</li> <li>Various projects (EU structural funds, etc.)</li></ul> <p>In 2017, the University of Turin was ranked among the best 500 universities in the world by Times Higher Education.<sup id="cite_ref-timeshighereducation1_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-timeshighereducation1-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It also placed in the 551–600 bracket in QS world university rankings.<sup id="cite_ref-topuniversities1_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-topuniversities1-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cooperation_and_internationalization_projects">Cooperation and internationalization projects</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Turin&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Cooperation and internationalization projects"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>At the international level, the University of Turin is oriented both to relations with major organizations and to collaboration with developing countries. In the former field, relations with <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a> Agencies have been stepped up, above all with those already operating in Turin: the <a href="/wiki/International_Labour_Organization" title="International Labour Organization">ILO</a> International Training Centre through the <a href="/wiki/Turin_School_of_Development" title="Turin School of Development">Turin School of Development</a>, <a href="/wiki/UNICRI" class="mw-redirect" title="UNICRI">UNICRI</a> and UNSSC. </p><p>Courses have been organized or sponsored by the university together with the <a href="/wiki/Turin_School_of_Development" title="Turin School of Development">Turin School of Development</a> for some time now, e.g. the Master of Law (LL.M.) in <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tradelaw.iuse.it/">International Trade Law</a>, the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.turin-ip.com/">Master of Law (LL.M.) in Intellectual Property</a> (within the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Turin,_Faculty_of_Law" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Turin, Faculty of Law">Faculty of Law</a>, the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mandev.itcilo.org/">Master in Management of Development</a>, the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://maled.itcilo.org/">master in Applied Labour Economics for Development</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://masterpublicprocurement.itcilo.org/">master in Public Procurement Management for Sustainable Development</a>, the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120113005005/http://p31.itcilo.org/masters/worldheritage/home">master in World Heritage at work</a>, the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lamp.itcilo.org/oshcourse/">master in Occupational Safety and Health in the Workplace</a>, as well as the advanced course in Diplomatic and International Studies. </p><p>There are also research and teaching agreements with South American nations, using distance learning aids and short intensive exchange programmes for teaching staff and students. </p><p>France partnered with the University of Turin to set up the Italo-French University (UIF) between 1998 and 2000. This Agency is dedicated to establishing all possible forms of collaboration between France and Italy in the area of university teaching, scientific research, and culture in general. UIF is involved in the far-reaching project of the construction of a "Europe of Learning." Reflecting its raised status, UNITO has been ranked as one of the top universities in Italy, as well as a leading <a href="/wiki/Research_university" title="Research university">research university</a> in Europe.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Reorganization_and_undergoing_projects">Reorganization and undergoing projects</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Turin&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Reorganization and undergoing projects"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The University of Turin is engaged not only in redesigning its teaching structure but also in a ten-year construction project to reorganize its premises; work is already underway on refurbishing and rationalizing existing buildings, and on newly acquired property. </p><p>Among the projects already completed is the new site at <a href="/wiki/Grugliasco" title="Grugliasco">Grugliasco</a>, which houses the Faculties of Veterinary Medicine and Agriculture. Worth mentioning too are the sites of the ex-Italgas works (now Palazzina Luigi Einaudi, already assigned to the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Turin,_Faculty_of_Law" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Turin, Faculty of Law">Faculties of Law</a> and Political Science for teaching purposes), and the ex-Manifattura Tabacchi; construction of the new Scuola di Biotecnologie; realization at the Centro Pier della Francesca of new laboratories, classrooms and student common rooms for the Computer Science Department, and finally, construction of a new building for teaching purposes at the Ospedale San Luigi, <a href="/wiki/Orbassano" title="Orbassano">Orbassano</a>. </p><p>Since 2001/2002 the Faculties of Political Science and <a href="/wiki/University_of_Turin,_Faculty_of_Law" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Turin, Faculty of Law">Law</a> have been running a three-year course and a master's programme in Co-operation in Development and Peace-keeping. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Campuses">Campuses</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Turin&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Campuses"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Main_campus_in_Turin">Main campus in Turin</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Turin&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Main campus in Turin"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Torinoemporium.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/2/25/Torinoemporium.jpeg/200px-Torinoemporium.jpeg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/2/25/Torinoemporium.jpeg/300px-Torinoemporium.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/2/25/Torinoemporium.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="320" data-file-height="240" /></a><figcaption>Emporium, the University of Turin's store and gift shop</figcaption></figure><p>The university is divided into 55 departments that are located in 13 faculties: </p><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060609005836/http://www.agraria.unito.it/">Faculty of Agriculture</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sme.unito.it/">Faculty of Economics</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061107120800/http://www.sciform.unito.it/">Faculty of Education</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lingue.unito.it/">Faculty of Foreign Languages and Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Turin,_Faculty_of_Law" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Turin, Faculty of Law">Faculty of Law</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.giurisprudenza.unito.it/sito2/">Homepage</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lettere.unito.it/">Faculty of Letters and Philosophy</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061014215329/http://www.scienzemfn.unito.it/">Faculty of Mathematical, Physics and Natural Sciences</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.medicina.unito.it/">Faculty of Medicine and Surgery</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.medicinasanluigigonzaga.unito.it/">Second Faculty of Medicine and Surgery "St. Luigi Gonzaga"</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pharm.unito.it/">Faculty of Pharmacy</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061018073135/http://hal9000.cisi.unito.it/wf/FACOLTA/Scienze-Po1/">Faculty of Political Sciences</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.psicologia.unito.it/">Faculty of Psychology</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.veter.unito.it/">Faculty of Veterinary Medicine</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Special_units">Special units</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Turin&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Special units"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In addition, the university has created schools specifically devoted to certain academic fields, either alone or with partnerships with other institutions. Currently those schools are: </p> <ul><li>Interdepartmental University School in Strategic Sciences (SUISS)</li> <li>The Interfaculty School for Biotechnologies</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.suism.unito.it/do/home.pl">The Interfaculty School of Motor Sciences (SUISM)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070625005508/http://www.scienzestrat.unito.it/">The Interfaculty School of Strategic Studies</a></li> <li>The <a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scuola_di_Amministrazione_Aziendale" class="extiw" title="it:Scuola di Amministrazione Aziendale">School of Business</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Centre_of_Advanced_Studies_on_Contemporary_China" title="Centre of Advanced Studies on Contemporary China">Centre of Advanced Studies on Contemporary China</a></li> <li>The Inter-university School of Specialization for secondary school teachers (SIS)</li> <li>The School of Applied Psychology</li> <li>The International School of Advanced Studies of the University of Torino (ISASUT)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Centre_for_the_Comparative_Analysis_of_Law_and_Economics,_Economics_of_Law,_Economics_of_Institutions" title="Centre for the Comparative Analysis of Law and Economics, Economics of Law, Economics of Institutions">The Interuniversity Centre for Comparative Analysis of Institutions, Economics and Law</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081004084205/http://www.psych.unito.it/csc/">The Center for Cognitive Science</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Decentralized_faculties">Decentralized faculties</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Turin&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Decentralized faculties"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The university has a number of faculties outside Turin, mostly located in <a href="/wiki/Piedmont" title="Piedmont">Piedmont</a>. There are currently units in the fields of: </p> <ul><li>Agriculture: in <a href="/wiki/Asti" title="Asti">Asti</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alba,_Piedmont" title="Alba, Piedmont">Alba</a>, <a href="/wiki/Peveragno" title="Peveragno">Peveragno</a>, <a href="/wiki/Saluzzo" title="Saluzzo">Saluzzo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fossano" title="Fossano">Fossano</a>, <a href="/wiki/Verzuolo" title="Verzuolo">Verzuolo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ormea" title="Ormea">Ormea</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sanremo" title="Sanremo">Sanremo</a></li> <li>Economics: in <a href="/wiki/Asti" title="Asti">Asti</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pinerolo" title="Pinerolo">Pinerolo</a> and <a href="/wiki/Biella" title="Biella">Biella</a></li> <li>Pharmacology: in <a href="/wiki/Savigliano" title="Savigliano">Savigliano</a></li> <li>Law: in <a href="/wiki/Cuneo" title="Cuneo">Cuneo</a></li> <li>Arts and Philosophy: in <a href="/wiki/Ivrea" title="Ivrea">Ivrea</a> and <a href="/wiki/Biella" title="Biella">Biella</a></li> <li>Medicine and Surgery: in <a href="/wiki/Orbassano" title="Orbassano">Orbassano</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cuneo" title="Cuneo">Cuneo</a> and <a href="/wiki/Aosta" title="Aosta">Aosta</a></li> <li>Veterinary Medicine: in <a href="/wiki/Moretta" title="Moretta">Moretta</a> and <a href="/wiki/Asti" title="Asti">Asti</a></li> <li>Education Sciences: in <a href="/wiki/Savigliano" title="Savigliano">Savigliano</a></li> <li>Political Science: in <a href="/wiki/Ivrea" title="Ivrea">Ivrea</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cuneo" title="Cuneo">Cuneo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Biella" title="Biella">Biella</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_alumni_and_faculty">Notable alumni and faculty</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Turin&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Notable alumni and faculty"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Alumni">Alumni</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Turin&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Alumni"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Category:University_of_Turin_alumni" title="Category:University of Turin alumni">Category:University of Turin alumni</a></div> <p>As a centre of learning in the <a href="/wiki/Piedmont" title="Piedmont">Piedmont</a> region and one of Italy's oldest universities, the university has a long list of illustrious alumni, including <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Italy" title="Prime Minister of Italy">prime ministers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize" title="Nobel Prize">Nobel Prize</a> winners and prominent lawyers, philosophers and writers. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Business">Business</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Turin&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Business"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Franco_Bernab%C3%A8" title="Franco Bernabè">Franco Bernabè</a>, banker and CEO of <a href="/wiki/Telecom_Italia" class="mw-redirect" title="Telecom Italia">Telecom Italia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Domenico_Siniscalco" title="Domenico Siniscalco">Domenico Siniscalco</a>, vice chairman Europe and country head of <a href="/wiki/Morgan_Stanley" title="Morgan Stanley">Morgan Stanley</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Law">Law</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Turin&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Law"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_de_Maistre" title="Joseph de Maistre">Joseph de Maistre</a>, philosopher, jurist and diplomat</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kakai_Kissinger" title="Kakai Kissinger">Kakai Kissinger</a>, human rights activist, lawyer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ugo_Mattei" title="Ugo Mattei">Ugo Mattei</a>, law professor</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lidia_Po%C3%ABt" title="Lidia Poët">Lidia Poët</a>, first female Italian <a href="/wiki/Advocate" title="Advocate">advocate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gianni_Agnelli" title="Gianni Agnelli">Gianni Agnelli</a>, former head of <a href="/wiki/FIAT" class="mw-redirect" title="FIAT">FIAT</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Literature">Literature</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Turin&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Literature"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Italo_Calvino" title="Italo Calvino">Italo Calvino</a>, journalist and writer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giacomo_Debenedetti" title="Giacomo Debenedetti">Giacomo Debenedetti</a>, writer and literary critic</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hector_Abad_Faciolince" class="mw-redirect" title="Hector Abad Faciolince">Hector Abad Faciolince</a>, writer and journalist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Giacosa" title="Giuseppe Giacosa">Giuseppe Giacosa</a>, librettist, poet, playwright</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natalia_Ginzburg" title="Natalia Ginzburg">Natalia Ginzburg</a>, writer, anti-fascist activist, and politician</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Primo_Levi" title="Primo Levi">Primo Levi</a>, chemist, essayist, writer and survivor of the <a href="/wiki/Holocaust" class="mw-redirect" title="Holocaust">Holocaust</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claudio_Magris" title="Claudio Magris">Claudio Magris</a>, writer and novelist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laura_Mancinelli" title="Laura Mancinelli">Laura Mancinelli</a>, writer, novelist and translator</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cesare_Pavese" title="Cesare Pavese">Cesare Pavese</a>, literary critic, poet, novelist, translator</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pitigrilli" title="Pitigrilli">Pitigrilli</a>, writer and novelist</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Philosophy_and_religion">Philosophy and religion</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Turin&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Philosophy and religion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Desiderius_Erasmus" class="mw-redirect" title="Desiderius Erasmus">Desiderius Erasmus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_de_Maistre" title="Joseph de Maistre">Joseph de Maistre</a>, philosopher, jurist and diplomat</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Umberto_Eco" title="Umberto Eco">Umberto Eco</a>, philosopher</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lorenzo_Ferrero" title="Lorenzo Ferrero">Lorenzo Ferrero</a>, composer, librettist and author</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ermis_Segatti" title="Ermis Segatti">Ermis Segatti</a>, Catholic priest</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gianni_Vattimo" title="Gianni Vattimo">Gianni Vattimo</a>, philosopher, former <a href="/wiki/Members_of_the_European_Parliament_for_Italy_1999%E2%80%932004" class="mw-redirect" title="Members of the European Parliament for Italy 1999–2004">MEP</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Politics">Politics</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Turin&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Politics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Atwoli" title="Francis Atwoli">Francis Atwoli</a>, Kenyan <a href="/wiki/Trade_Unionist" class="mw-redirect" title="Trade Unionist">Trade Unionist</a> who is currently serving as the secretary-general of the <a href="/wiki/Central_Organization_of_Trade_Unions_(Kenya)" title="Central Organization of Trade Unions (Kenya)">Central Organization of Trade Unions (Kenya)</a>(COTU)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eustace_Chapuys" title="Eustace Chapuys">Eustace Chapuys</a>, diplomat, ambassador</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luigi_Einaudi" title="Luigi Einaudi">Luigi Einaudi</a>, 2nd <a href="/wiki/President_of_Italy" title="President of Italy">president of the Italian Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Giolitti" title="Giovanni Giolitti">Giovanni Giolitti</a>, former <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Italy" title="Prime Minister of Italy">prime minister of Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonio_Gramsci" title="Antonio Gramsci">Antonio Gramsci</a>, politician, philosopher, founder of the <a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Italy" class="mw-redirect" title="Communist Party of Italy">Communist Party of Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luigi_Federico,_conte_Menabrea" class="mw-redirect" title="Luigi Federico, conte Menabrea">Luigi Federico, conte Menabrea</a>, former <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Italy" title="Prime Minister of Italy">prime minister of Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augusta_Montaruli" title="Augusta Montaruli">Augusta Montaruli</a>, Italian politician</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Saragat" title="Giuseppe Saragat">Giuseppe Saragat</a>, 5th <a href="/wiki/President_of_Italy" title="President of Italy">president of Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Domenico_Siniscalco" title="Domenico Siniscalco">Domenico Siniscalco</a>, <a href="/wiki/Italian_Minister_of_Economy_and_Finance" class="mw-redirect" title="Italian Minister of Economy and Finance">Minister of Economy and Finance</a> (2004–05)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clemente_Solaro,_Count_La_Margherita" title="Clemente Solaro, Count La Margherita">Clemente Solaro, Count La Margherita</a>, diplomat and statesman</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palmiro_Togliatti" title="Palmiro Togliatti">Palmiro Togliatti</a>, politician, <a href="/wiki/Italian_Minister_of_Justice" class="mw-redirect" title="Italian Minister of Justice">Italian Minister of Justice</a> from 21 June 1945 to 1 July 1946, and General Secretary of the <a href="/wiki/Italian_Communist_Party" title="Italian Communist Party">Italian Communist Party</a> from 1927 to 1964.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Sciences">Sciences</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Turin&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Sciences"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Angelo_Battelli" title="Angelo Battelli">Angelo Battelli</a>, physicist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pietro_Biginelli" title="Pietro Biginelli">Pietro Biginelli</a>, chemist, discovered the <a href="/wiki/Biginelli_reaction" title="Biginelli reaction">Biginelli reaction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renato_Dulbecco" title="Renato Dulbecco">Renato Dulbecco</a>, <a href="/wiki/Virology" title="Virology">virologist</a> and winner of the 1975 <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Physiology_or_Medicine" title="Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine">Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ugo_Fano" title="Ugo Fano">Ugo Fano</a>, physicist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paolo_Giubellino" title="Paolo Giubellino">Paolo Giubellino</a>, physicist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beppo_Levi" title="Beppo Levi">Beppo Levi</a>, mathematician</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rita_Levi-Montalcini" title="Rita Levi-Montalcini">Rita Levi-Montalcini</a>, <a href="/wiki/Neurologist" class="mw-redirect" title="Neurologist">neurologist</a> and joint winner of the 1986 <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Physiology_or_Medicine" title="Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine">Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salvador_Luria" title="Salvador Luria">Salvador Luria</a>, bacteriologist and joint winner of the 1969 <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Physiology_or_Medicine" title="Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine">Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Peano" title="Giuseppe Peano">Giuseppe Peano</a>, founder of <a href="/wiki/Mathematical_logic" title="Mathematical logic">mathematical logic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Set_theory" title="Set theory">set theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tullio_Regge" title="Tullio Regge">Tullio Regge</a>, physicist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Grazia_Roncarolo" title="Maria Grazia Roncarolo">Maria Grazia Roncarolo</a>, George D. Smith Professor in Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine and Professor of Medicine at <a href="/wiki/Stanford_University" title="Stanford University">Stanford University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruggero_Santilli" title="Ruggero Santilli">Ruggero Santilli</a>, physicist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piero_Scaruffi" title="Piero Scaruffi">Piero Scaruffi</a>, mathematician, <a href="/wiki/Cognitive_science" title="Cognitive science">cognitive scientist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corrado_Segre" title="Corrado Segre">Corrado Segre</a>, mathematician</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francesco_Severi" title="Francesco Severi">Francesco Severi</a>, mathematician</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Davide_Vione" title="Davide Vione">Davide Vione</a>, chemist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edoardo_Weber" class="mw-redirect" title="Edoardo Weber">Edoardo Weber</a>, engineer, inventor of the <a href="/wiki/Weber_carburetor" class="mw-redirect" title="Weber carburetor">Weber carburetor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gian_Carlo_Wick" title="Gian Carlo Wick">Gian Carlo Wick</a>, physicist</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Other">Other</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Turin&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Other"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Annalisa" title="Annalisa">Annalisa</a>, singer, songwriter</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carla_Bazzanella" title="Carla Bazzanella">Carla Bazzanella</a>, linguist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giorgio_Chiellini" title="Giorgio Chiellini">Giorgio Chiellini</a>, footballer<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noemi_Gabrielli" title="Noemi Gabrielli">Noemi Gabrielli</a> (1901–1979), Italian art historian, superintendent, and a museologist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piero_Gobetti" title="Piero Gobetti">Piero Gobetti</a>, intellectual, politician, journalist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Palatucci" title="Giovanni Palatucci">Giovanni Palatucci</a>, police officer who was honoured as one of the <a href="/wiki/Righteous_Among_the_Nations" title="Righteous Among the Nations">Righteous Among the Nations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willie_Peyote" title="Willie Peyote">Willie Peyote</a>, rapper, singer, songwriter</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Namik_Resuli" title="Namik Resuli">Namik Resuli</a>, Albanian linguist and academic, one of the founders of the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Institute_of_the_Albanian_Studies" class="mw-redirect" title="Royal Institute of the Albanian Studies">Royal Institute of the Albanian Studies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fernando_de_Rosa" title="Fernando de Rosa">Fernando de Rosa</a>, law student, attempted to assassinate <a href="/wiki/Umberto_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Umberto II">Umberto II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silvia_Semenzin" title="Silvia Semenzin">Silvia Semenzin</a>, activist, author, scholar</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piero_Sraffa" title="Piero Sraffa">Piero Sraffa</a>, influential economist, founder of the neo-Ricardian school of economics</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marco_Travaglio" title="Marco Travaglio">Marco Travaglio</a>, journalist known for opposing <a href="/wiki/Silvio_Berlusconi" title="Silvio Berlusconi">Silvio Berlusconi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raf_Vallone" title="Raf Vallone">Raf Vallone</a>, lawyer, footballer, actor, film and drama critic</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renzo_Videsott" title="Renzo Videsott">Renzo Videsott</a>, veterinarian, alpinist and conservationist</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Faculty">Faculty</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Turin&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Faculty"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Category:Academic_staff_of_the_University_of_Turin" title="Category:Academic staff of the University of Turin">Category:Academic staff of the University of Turin</a></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amedeo_Avogadro" title="Amedeo Avogadro">Amedeo Avogadro</a>, physicist and namesake of <a href="/wiki/Avogadro%27s_law" title="Avogadro's law">Avogadro's law</a>, appointed professor</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carbo_Sebastiano_Berardi" class="mw-redirect" title="Carbo Sebastiano Berardi">Carbo Sebastiano Berardi</a>, former prefect of the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Turin,_Faculty_of_Law" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Turin, Faculty of Law">Faculty of Law</a> and scholar</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norberto_Bobbio" title="Norberto Bobbio">Norberto Bobbio</a>, philosopher of law, lecturer and professor</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elsa_Fornero" title="Elsa Fornero">Elsa Fornero</a>, politician, lectured economics</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlo_Franzinetti" title="Carlo Franzinetti">Carlo Franzinetti</a>, chair of <a href="/wiki/Particle_physics" title="Particle physics">particle physics</a> from 1966 to 1980</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mario_Monti" title="Mario Monti">Mario Monti</a>, <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Italy" title="Prime Minister of Italy">Prime Minister of Italy</a>, lectured economics from 1970 to 1985</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaetano_Mosca" title="Gaetano Mosca">Gaetano Mosca</a>, political scientist, chair of constitutional law at the Faculty of Law from 1896 to 1924</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franco_Reviglio" title="Franco Reviglio">Franco Reviglio</a>, former minister of the <a href="/wiki/Amato_I_Cabinet" class="mw-redirect" title="Amato I Cabinet">Amato I Cabinet</a>, appointed professor of economics</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alessandro_Riberi" title="Alessandro Riberi">Alessandro Riberi</a>, noted physician and surgeon</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enrico_di_Robilant" title="Enrico di Robilant">Enrico di Robilant</a>, philosopher of law</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rodolfo_Sacco" title="Rodolfo Sacco">Rodolfo Sacco</a>, professor of law, current <a href="/wiki/Professor_emeritus" class="mw-redirect" title="Professor emeritus">professor emeritus</a> at the Faculty of Law</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loredana_Sciolla" title="Loredana Sciolla">Loredana Sciolla</a>, professor emeritus of sociology</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gustavo_Zagrebelsky" title="Gustavo Zagrebelsky">Gustavo Zagrebelsky</a>, <a href="/wiki/Italian_Constitutional_Judge" class="mw-redirect" title="Italian Constitutional Judge">constitutional judge</a> and former <a href="/wiki/List_of_Presidents_of_the_Constitutional_Court_of_Italy" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Presidents of the Constitutional Court of Italy">President</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Constitutional_Court_of_Italy" title="Constitutional Court of Italy">Constitutional Court of Italy</a>, professor of law and lecturer</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Points_of_interest">Points of interest</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Turin&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Points of interest"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Orto_Botanico_dell%27Universit%C3%A0_di_Torino" title="Orto Botanico dell'Università di Torino">Orto Botanico dell'Università di Torino</a>, the university's <a href="/wiki/Botanical_garden" title="Botanical garden">botanical garden</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Turin&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox 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title="Moncalieri">Moncalieri</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rendiconti_del_Seminario_Matematico_Universit%C3%A0_e_Politecnico_di_Torino" title="Rendiconti del Seminario Matematico Università e Politecnico di Torino">Rendiconti del Seminario Matematico Università e Politecnico di Torino</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piemonte_Agency_for_Investments,_Export_and_Tourism" title="Piemonte Agency for Investments, Export and Tourism">Piemonte Agency for Investments, Export and Tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turin_School_of_Development" title="Turin School of Development">Turin School of Development</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Turin,_Faculty_of_Law" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Turin, Faculty of Law">Faculty of Law</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Turin&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-unito.it_endow-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-unito.it_endow_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://en.unito.it/about-unito/unito-glance/sustainability-unito">Sustainability</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-unito.it-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-unito.it_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-unito.it_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-unito.it_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-unito.it_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-unito.it_2-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-unito.it_2-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://en.unito.it/about-unito/unito-glance/unito-figures">Students (AY 2021–22)</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bio-levi-neurosci-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-bio-levi-neurosci_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription 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"Giuseppe Levi: mentor of three Nobel laureates". <i><a href="/wiki/Journal_of_the_History_of_the_Neurosciences" title="Journal of the History of the Neurosciences">Journal of the History of the Neurosciences</a></i>. <b>15</b> (4): 358–68. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F09647040600888974">10.1080/09647040600888974</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16997763">16997763</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:43524445">43524445</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+History+of+the+Neurosciences&rft.atitle=Giuseppe+Levi%3A+mentor+of+three+Nobel+laureates&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=358-68&rft.date=2006-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A43524445%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F16997763&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F09647040600888974&rft.au=M.+Bentivoglio&rft.au=A.+Vercelli&rft.au=G.+Filogamo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+of+Turin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190119012717/http://www.shanghairanking.com/ARWU2017.html">"ARWU World University Rankings 2017 | Academic Ranking of World Universities 2017 | Top 500 universities | Shanghai Ranking – 2017"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.shanghairanking.com/ARWU2017.html">the original</a> on 19 January 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 February</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=ARWU+World+University+Rankings+2017+%26%23124%3B+Academic+Ranking+of+World+Universities+2017+%26%23124%3B+Top+500+universities+%26%23124%3B+Shanghai+Ranking+%E2%80%93+2017&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.shanghairanking.com%2FARWU2017.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+of+Turin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-topuniversities1-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-topuniversities1_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-topuniversities1_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.topuniversities.com/universities/university-turin">"University of Turin"</a>. 16 July 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=University+of+Turin&rft.date=2015-07-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.topuniversities.com%2Funiversities%2Funiversity-turin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+of+Turin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-timeshighereducation1-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-timeshighereducation1_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-timeshighereducation1_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.timeshighereducation.com/world-university-rankings/university-turin">"University of Turin"</a>. May 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=University+of+Turin&rft.date=2018-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.timeshighereducation.com%2Fworld-university-rankings%2Funiversity-turin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+of+Turin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ed.sjtu.edu.cn/rank/2007/ARWU2007_TopEuro.htm">Top 100 European Universities – Academic Ranking of World Universities 2007</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080202230954/http://ed.sjtu.edu.cn/rank/2007/ARWU2007_TopEuro.htm">Archived</a> 2 February 2008 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/sport/football/international/chiellini-the-key-to-defence-of-italys-crown-1992768.html">"Chiellini: the key to defence of Italy's crown"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Independent" title="The Independent">The Independent</a></i>. 6 June 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Independent&rft.atitle=Chiellini%3A+the+key+to+defence+of+Italy%27s+crown&rft.date=2010-06-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Fsport%2Ffootball%2Finternational%2Fchiellini-the-key-to-defence-of-italys-crown-1992768.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+of+Turin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Turin&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="official-website"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.unito.it/">Official website</a></span></span> <span class="languageicon">(in Italian)</span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cisui.unibo.it/annali/05/annali_05.htm">Annals of the History of Italian Universities – Volume 5 (2001)</a>, dedicated to the Univ. of Torino.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/The University of Turin"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Catholic_Encyclopedia_(1913)/The_University_of_Turin">"The University of Turin" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Encyclopedia" title="Catholic Encyclopedia">Catholic Encyclopedia</a></i>. 1913.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+University+of+Turin&rft.btitle=Catholic+Encyclopedia&rft.date=1913&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+of+Turin" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ojs.uclouvain.be/index.php/RETE/article/view/67383">Scholars and Literati at the University of Torino (1404–1800)</a>", in Repertorium Eruditorum Totius Europae/RETE on OJS UCLouvain, 25 July 2022.</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output 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a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:University_of_Turin" title="Template:University of Turin"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:University_of_Turin" title="Template talk:University of Turin"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li 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Law">Department of Law</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_University_of_Turin,_Faculty_of_Law_people" title="List of University of Turin, Faculty of Law people">List of University of Turin, Faculty of Law people</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Research</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Centre_of_Advanced_Studies_on_Contemporary_China" title="Centre of Advanced Studies on Contemporary China">Centre of Advanced Studies on Contemporary China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Centre_for_the_Comparative_Analysis_of_Law_and_Economics,_Economics_of_Law,_Economics_of_Institutions" title="Centre for the Comparative Analysis of Law and Economics, Economics of Law, Economics of Institutions">CLEI Centre</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Journals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Rendiconti_del_Seminario_Matematico_Universit%C3%A0_e_Politecnico_di_Torino" title="Rendiconti del Seminario Matematico Università e Politecnico di Torino">Rendiconti del Seminario Matematico Università e Politecnico di Torino</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Affiliates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Collegio_Carlo_Alberto" title="Collegio Carlo Alberto">Collegio Carlo Alberto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turin_Museum_of_Natural_History" title="Turin Museum of Natural History">Turin Museum of Natural History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turin_National_University_Library" title="Turin National University Library">Turin National University Library</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orto_Botanico_dell%27Universit%C3%A0_di_Torino" title="Orto Botanico dell'Università di Torino">UNITO Botanical Garden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ESCP_Europe" class="mw-redirect" title="ESCP Europe">ESCP Europe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Centre_for_Studies_on_Federalism" title="Centre for Studies on Federalism">Centre for Studies on Federalism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Universities_in_Italy" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Universities_in_Italy" title="Template:Universities in Italy"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Universities_in_Italy" title="Template talk:Universities in Italy"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Universities_in_Italy" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Universities in Italy"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Universities_in_Italy" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_universities_in_Italy" title="List of universities in Italy">Universities in Italy</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Major Public</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Bari" title="University of Bari">Bari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Bologna" title="University of Bologna">Bologna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Catania" title="University of Catania">Catania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Florence" title="University of Florence">Florence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Milan" title="University of Milan">Milan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polytechnic_University_of_Milan" title="Polytechnic University of Milan">Milan Polytechnic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Naples_Federico_II" title="University of Naples Federico II">Naples Federico II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Padua" title="University of Padua">Padua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Palermo" title="University of Palermo">Palermo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Pisa" title="University of Pisa">Pisa</a> (<a href="/wiki/Pisa_University_System" title="Pisa University System">Pisa University System</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sapienza_University_of_Rome" title="Sapienza University of Rome">Rome La Sapienza</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Turin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polytechnic_University_of_Turin" title="Polytechnic University of Turin">Turin Polytechnic</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Large Public</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Cagliari" title="University of Cagliari">Cagliari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Calabria" title="University of Calabria">Arcavacata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%27Annunzio_University_of_Chieti%E2%80%93Pescara" title="D'Annunzio University of Chieti–Pescara">Chieti–Pescara D'Annunzio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universit%C3%A0_degli_Studi_della_Campania_Luigi_Vanvitelli" title="Università degli Studi della Campania Luigi Vanvitelli">Caserta Luigi Vanvitelli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Genoa" title="University of Genoa">Genoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_L%27Aquila" title="University of L'Aquila">L'Aquila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Messina" title="University of Messina">Messina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Milan_Bicocca" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Milan Bicocca">Milan Bicocca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Parma" title="University of Parma">Parma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Pavia" title="University of Pavia">Pavia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Perugia" title="University of Perugia">Perugia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roma_Tre_University" title="Roma Tre University">Rome III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Rome_Tor_Vergata" title="University of Rome Tor Vergata">Rome Tor Vergata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Salento" title="University of Salento">Salento</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Salerno" title="University of Salerno">Salerno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Verona" title="University of Verona">Verona</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Medium Public</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Polytechnic_University_of_Bari" title="Polytechnic University of Bari">Bari Polytechnic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Bergamo" title="University of Bergamo">Bergamo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Brescia" title="University of Brescia">Brescia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Ferrara" title="University of Ferrara">Ferrara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marche_Polytechnic_University" title="Marche Polytechnic University">Marche Polytechnic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Modena_and_Reggio_Emilia" title="University of Modena and Reggio Emilia">Modena and Reggio Emilia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naples_Eastern_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Naples Eastern University">Naples Eastern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parthenope_University_of_Naples" title="Parthenope University of Naples">Naples Parthenope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Sassari" title="University of Sassari">Sassari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Siena" title="University of Siena">Siena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Trento" title="University of Trento">Trento</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Trieste" title="University of Trieste">Trieste</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Udine" title="University of Udine">Udine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Urbino" title="University of Urbino">Urbino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ca%27_Foscari_University_of_Venice" title="Ca' Foscari University of Venice">Venice Ca' Foscari</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Small Public</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aosta_Valley_University" title="Aosta Valley University">Aosta Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Basilicata" title="University of Basilicata">Potenza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_University_of_Bozen-Bolzano" title="Free University of Bozen-Bolzano">Bozen-Bolzano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Camerino" title="University of Camerino">Camerino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Cassino" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Cassino">Cassino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magna_Gr%C3%A6cia_University" title="Magna Græcia University">Catanzaro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kore_University_of_Enna" title="Kore University of Enna">Enna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Institute_of_Human_Sciences_(SUM)" title="Italian Institute of Human Sciences (SUM)">Florence SUM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Foggia" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Foggia">Foggia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Insubria" title="University of Insubria">Varese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IMT_School_for_Advanced_Studies_Lucca" title="IMT School for Advanced Studies Lucca">Lucca IMT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Istituto_Superiore_per_le_Industrie_Artistiche" title="Istituto Superiore per le Industrie Artistiche">ISIA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Macerata" title="University of Macerata">Macerata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Molise" title="University of Molise">Campobasso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scuola_Superiore_Studi_Pavia_IUSS" title="Scuola Superiore Studi Pavia IUSS">Pavia IUSS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_for_Foreigners_Perugia" class="mw-redirect" title="University for Foreigners Perugia">Perugia Foreigners</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scuola_Normale_Superiore_di_Pisa" title="Scuola Normale Superiore di Pisa">Pisa Normale</a> (<a href="/wiki/Pisa_University_System" title="Pisa University System">Pisa University System</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sant%27Anna_School_of_Advanced_Studies" title="Sant'Anna School of Advanced Studies">Pisa Sant'Anna</a> (<a href="/wiki/Pisa_University_System" title="Pisa University System">Pisa University System</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Reggio_Calabria" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Reggio Calabria">Reggio Calabria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foro_Italico_University_of_Rome" class="mw-redirect" title="Foro Italico University of Rome">Rome Foro Italico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Sannio" title="University of Sannio">Sannio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreigners_University_of_Siena" class="mw-redirect" title="Foreigners University of Siena">Siena Foreigners</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Teramo" title="University of Teramo">Teramo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_School_for_Advanced_Studies" title="International School for Advanced Studies">Trieste SISSA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuscia_University" title="Tuscia University">Viterbo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universit%C3%A0_Iuav_di_Venezia" title="Università Iuav di Venezia">Venice IUAV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Eastern_Piedmont" title="University of Eastern Piedmont">Vercelli</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Private</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Universit%C3%A0_degli_Studi_Giustino_Fortunato" title="Università degli Studi Giustino Fortunato">Benevento Giustino Fortunato</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Gastronomic_Sciences" title="University of Gastronomic Sciences">Bra Gastronomic Sciences</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libera_Universit%C3%A0_Mediterranea" title="Libera Università Mediterranea">Casamassima LUM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_Carlo_Cattaneo" title="University Carlo Cattaneo">Castellanza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bocconi_University" title="Bocconi University">Milan Bocconi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universit%C3%A0_Cattolica_del_Sacro_Cuore" title="Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore">Milan Cattolica del Sacro Cuore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humanitas_University" title="Humanitas University">Milan Humanitas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IULM_University_of_Milan" title="IULM University of Milan">Milan IULM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vita-Salute_San_Raffaele_University" title="Vita-Salute San Raffaele University">Milan San Raffaele</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suor_Orsola_Benincasa_University_of_Naples" title="Suor Orsola Benincasa University of Naples">Naples Benincasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universit%C3%A0_degli_Studi_Pegaso" title="Università degli Studi Pegaso">Naples Pegaso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universit%C3%A0_per_stranieri_%22Dante_Alighieri%22_di_Reggio_Calabria" title="Università per stranieri "Dante Alighieri" di Reggio Calabria">Reggio Calabria Dante Alighieri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universit%C3%A0_Campus_Bio-Medico" title="Università Campus Bio-Medico">Rome Biomedical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guglielmo_Marconi_University" title="Guglielmo Marconi University">Rome Guglielmo Marconi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_International_Studies_of_Rome" class="mw-redirect" title="University of International Studies of Rome">Rome International Studies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Link_Campus_University" title="Link Campus University">Rome Link Campus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libera_Universit%C3%A0_Internazionale_degli_Studi_Sociali_Guido_Carli" class="mw-redirect" title="Libera Università Internazionale degli Studi Sociali Guido Carli">Rome LUISS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libera_Universit%C3%A0_Maria_SS._Assunta" title="Libera Università Maria SS. Assunta">Rome Maria SS. Assunta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universit%C3%A0_degli_Studi_Niccol%C3%B2_Cusano" title="Università degli Studi Niccolò Cusano">Rome Niccolò Cusano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universit%C3%A0_Leonardo_da_Vinci" title="Università Leonardo da Vinci">Torrevecchia Teatina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ESCP_Europe" class="mw-redirect" title="ESCP Europe">Turin ESCP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_University_College_of_Turin" title="International University College of Turin">Turin International College</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Mediterranean_Universities_Union_(UNIMED)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:UNIMED" title="Template:UNIMED"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:UNIMED" title="Template talk:UNIMED"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:UNIMED" title="Special:EditPage/Template:UNIMED"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Mediterranean_Universities_Union_(UNIMED)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_Universities_Union" title="Mediterranean Universities Union">Mediterranean Universities Union (UNIMED)</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Africa" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Africa</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Algeria</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Abou_Bekr_Belka%C3%AFd" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Abou Bekr Belkaïd">Abou Bekr Belkaïd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Algiers" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Algiers">Algiers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Annaba" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Annaba">Annaba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_B%C3%A9ja%C3%AFa" title="University of Béjaïa">Béjaia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Blida" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Blida">Blida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universit%C3%A9_Constantine_1" class="mw-redirect" title="Université Constantine 1">Constantine</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%89cole_Nationale_Polytechnique_d%27Oran&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="École Nationale Polytechnique d'Oran (page does not exist)">ENP Oran</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%89cole_Nationale_Sup%C3%A9rieure_de_Sciences_Politiques&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="École Nationale Supérieure de Sciences Politiques (page does not exist)">ENSSP</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%89cole_Polytechnique_d%27Architecture_et_d%27Urbanisme&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="École Polytechnique d'Architecture et d'Urbanisme (page does not exist)">EPAU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Mostaganem" title="University of Mostaganem">Mostaganem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Oran" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Oran">Oran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mouloud_Mammeri_University_of_Tizi-Ouzou" class="mw-redirect" title="Mouloud Mammeri University of Tizi-Ouzou">Tizi Ouzou</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Egypt</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Academy_for_Science_and_Technology_and_Maritime_Transport" class="mw-redirect" title="Arab Academy for Science and Technology and Maritime Transport">AAST</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandria_University" title="Alexandria University">Alexandria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cairo_University" title="Cairo University">Cairo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Libya</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Al-Arab_Medical_University" title="Al-Arab Medical University">Al-Arab Medical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al_Fateh_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Al Fateh University">Al Fateh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Libya" title="University of Libya">Libya</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Morocco</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cadi_Ayyad_University" title="Cadi Ayyad University">Cadi Ayyad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Hassan_II_Casablanca" title="University of Hassan II Casablanca">University of Hassan II Casablanca</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ibnou_Zohr_University&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ibnou Zohr University (page does not exist)">Ibnou Zohr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohammed_V_University" title="Mohammed V University">Mohammed V</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Tunisia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carthage_University" title="Carthage University">Carthage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Gafsa" title="University of Gafsa">Gafsa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Jendouba" title="University of Jendouba">Jendouba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Kairouan" title="University of Kairouan">Kairouan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Monastir" title="University of Monastir">Monastir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Sfax" title="University of Sfax">Sfax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Sousse" title="University of Sousse">Sousse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tunis_University" title="Tunis University">Tunis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tunis_El_Manar_University" title="Tunis El Manar University">Tunis El Manar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Europe" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Europe</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Albania</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Tirana" title="University of Tirana">Tirana</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cyprus</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cyprus_University_of_Technology" title="Cyprus University of Technology">CUT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Cyprus" title="University of Cyprus">University of Cyprus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Finland</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tampere_University" title="Tampere University">Tampere</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">France</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Montpellier_2_University" title="Montpellier 2 University">Montpellier 2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paris_8_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Paris 8 University">Paris 8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_C%C3%A9zanne_University" title="Paul Cézanne University">Paul Cézanne</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Greece</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_and_Kapodistrian_University_of_Athens" title="National and Kapodistrian University of Athens">Athens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panteion_University" title="Panteion University">Panteion</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Italy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Bari" title="University of Bari">Bari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Bologna" title="University of Bologna">Bologna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Camerino" title="University of Camerino">Camerino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seconda_Universit%C3%A0_degli_Studi_di_Napoli" class="mw-redirect" title="Seconda Università degli Studi di Napoli">Caserta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Catania" title="University of Catania">Catania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%27Annunzio_University_of_Chieti%E2%80%93Pescara" title="D'Annunzio University of Chieti–Pescara">Chieti–Pescara D'Annunzio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Messina" title="University of Messina">Messina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Modena_and_Reggio_Emilia" title="University of Modena and Reggio Emilia">Modena and Reggio Emilia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Molise" title="University of Molise">Campobasso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Naples_Federico_II" title="University of Naples Federico II">Naples Federico II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Padua" title="University of Padua">Padua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Palermo" title="University of Palermo">Palermo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Perugia" title="University of Perugia">Perugia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_for_Foreigners_Perugia" class="mw-redirect" title="University for Foreigners Perugia">Perugia Foreigners</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Reggio_Calabria" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Reggio Calabria">Reggio Calabria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roma_Tre_University" title="Roma Tre University">Rome III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sapienza_University_of_Rome" title="Sapienza University of Rome">Rome la Sapienza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S._Pio_V_University_of_Rome" class="mw-redirect" title="S. Pio V University of Rome">Rome S. Pio V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Salento" title="University of Salento">Salento</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Sassari" title="University of Sassari">Sassari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Teramo" title="University of Teramo">Teramo</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Turin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Urbino" title="University of Urbino">Urbino</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Malta</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Malta" title="University of Malta">University of Malta</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Montenegro</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Montenegro" title="University of Montenegro">University of Montenegro</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Portugal</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Aveiro" title="University of Aveiro">Aveiro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_%C3%89vora" title="University of Évora">Évora</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Slovenia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Primorska" title="University of Primorska">Primorska</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Spain</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Barcelona" title="University of Barcelona">Barcelona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_C%C3%B3rdoba_(Spain)" title="University of Córdoba (Spain)">University of Córdoba (Spain)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Granada" title="University of Granada">Granada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Complutense_University_of_Madrid" title="Complutense University of Madrid">UCM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Valencia" title="University of Valencia">Valencia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Western_Asia" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Western Asia</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Jordan</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Al_al-Bayt_University" title="Al al-Bayt University">Al al-Bayt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hashemite_University" title="Hashemite University">Hashemite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jordan_University_of_Science_and_Technology" title="Jordan University of Science and Technology">JUST</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Jordan" title="University of Jordan">University of Jordan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lebanon</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lebanese_University" title="Lebanese University">Lebanese University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Spirit_University_of_Kaslik" title="Holy Spirit University of Kaslik">Saint-Esprit de Kaslik</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Palestinian territories</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Al-Azhar_University_%E2%80%93_Gaza" title="Al-Azhar University – Gaza">Al-Azhar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/An-Najah_National_University" title="An-Najah National University">An-Najah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bethlehem_University" title="Bethlehem University">Bethlehem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birzeit_University" title="Birzeit University">Birzeit</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Syria</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Al-Baath_University" title="Al-Baath University">Al-Baath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Aleppo" title="University of Aleppo">Aleppo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Damascus_University" title="Damascus University">Damascus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tishreen_University" title="Tishreen University">Tishreen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Piedmont&#124;link=Piedmont_Piedmont" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Piedmont" title="Template:Piedmont"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Piedmont" title="Template talk:Piedmont"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Piedmont" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Piedmont"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Piedmont&#124;link=Piedmont_Piedmont" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Piedmont" title="Piedmont"><img alt="Piedmont" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Flag_of_Piedmont.svg/23px-Flag_of_Piedmont.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Flag_of_Piedmont.svg/35px-Flag_of_Piedmont.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Flag_of_Piedmont.svg/45px-Flag_of_Piedmont.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="341" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Piedmont" title="Piedmont">Piedmont</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding:0.2em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em;"><a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_Italy" title="Provinces of Italy">Provinces<br />and metropolitan<br />cities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:#f7f7f7;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Alessandria" title="Province of Alessandria">Alessandria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Asti" title="Province of Asti">Asti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Biella" title="Province of Biella">Biella</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Cuneo" title="Province of Cuneo">Cuneo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Novara" title="Province of Novara">Novara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_City_of_Turin" title="Metropolitan City of Turin">Turin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Verbano-Cusio-Ossola" title="Province of Verbano-Cusio-Ossola">Verbano-Cusio-Ossola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Vercelli" title="Province of Vercelli">Vercelli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_communes_of_Piedmont" class="mw-redirect" title="List of communes of Piedmont">List of communes</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="4" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Map_of_region_of_Piedmont,_Italy,_with_provinces-en.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Map_of_region_of_Piedmont%2C_Italy%2C_with_provinces-en.svg/180px-Map_of_region_of_Piedmont%2C_Italy%2C_with_provinces-en.svg.png" decoding="async" width="180" height="222" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Map_of_region_of_Piedmont%2C_Italy%2C_with_provinces-en.svg/270px-Map_of_region_of_Piedmont%2C_Italy%2C_with_provinces-en.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Map_of_region_of_Piedmont%2C_Italy%2C_with_provinces-en.svg/360px-Map_of_region_of_Piedmont%2C_Italy%2C_with_provinces-en.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="3493" data-file-height="4314" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding:0.2em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em;">History</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Savoy" title="House of Savoy">House of Savoy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_of_Turin" title="March of Turin">March of Turin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_of_Montferrat" title="March of Montferrat">March of Montferrat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Montferrat" title="Duchy of Montferrat">Duchy of Montferrat</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rulers_of_Montferrat" title="List of rulers of Montferrat">Monarchs of Montferrat</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/County_of_Savoy" title="County of Savoy">County of Savoy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Savoy" title="Duchy of Savoy">Duchy of Savoy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Sardinia_(1720%E2%80%931861)" title="Kingdom of Sardinia (1720–1861)">Kingdom of Sardinia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_monarchs_of_Sardinia" class="mw-redirect" title="List of monarchs of Sardinia">Monarchs of Sardinia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piedmontese_Republic" title="Piedmontese Republic">Piedmontese Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Alba" title="Republic of Alba">Republic of Alba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subalpine_Republic" title="Subalpine Republic">Subalpine Republic</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding:0.2em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em;"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Piedmont" title="Politics of Piedmont">Politics and<br />government</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:#f7f7f7;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Piedmont" title="Elections in Piedmont">Elections in Piedmont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_Piedmont" title="List of presidents of Piedmont">List of presidents of Piedmont</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding:0.2em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em;"><a href="/wiki/Category:Education_in_Piedmont" title="Category:Education in Piedmont">Education</a> and<br /><a href="/wiki/Category:Culture_in_Piedmont" title="Category:Culture in Piedmont">culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Art_Nouveau_in_Turin" title="Art Nouveau in Turin">Art Nouveau in Turin</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">University of Turin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piemonte_(wine)" class="mw-redirect" title="Piemonte (wine)">Wine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Piedmont" title="Flag of Piedmont">Flag</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><a href="/wiki/Category:Piedmont" title="Category:Piedmont">Categories</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q499911#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q499911#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q499911#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000123366580">ISNI</a></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000123369001">2</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/126121637">VIAF</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/1011229-7">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n79029777">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb119955996">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb119955996">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an35173232">Australia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Università di Torino"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ko2006359062&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/95006097">Norway</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.nlg.gr/cgi-bin/koha/opac-authoritiesdetail.pl?authid=129602">Greece</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9811305749905606">Poland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a class="external text" href="https://wikidata-externalid-url.toolforge.org/?p=8034&url_prefix=https://opac.vatlib.it/auth/detail/&id=494/6358">Vatican</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007269478505171">Israel</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cantic.bnc.cat/registre/981058608277406706">Catalonia</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geographic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/place/def2735e-d565-45be-bac5-591de631a65c">MusicBrainz place</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA07171806?l=en">CiNii</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/027548325">IdRef</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a 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