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class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cumponentis" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cumponentis"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Cumponentis</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Cumponentis-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Cumponentis subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Cumponentis-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Nùcleu" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nùcleu"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Nùcleu</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nùcleu-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Su_pranificadori" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Su_pranificadori"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Su pranificadori</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Su_pranificadori-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Manìgiu_de_s'intrada/essida" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Manìgiu_de_s'intrada/essida"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Manìgiu de s'intrada/essida</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Manìgiu_de_s'intrada/essida-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Manìgiu_de_sa_memòria" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Manìgiu_de_sa_memòria"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Manìgiu de sa memòria</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Manìgiu_de_sa_memòria-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sistema_de_is_archìvius" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sistema_de_is_archìvius"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>Sistema de is archìvius</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sistema_de_is_archìvius-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Interfàtzia_cun_s'impitadori" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Interfàtzia_cun_s'impitadori"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.6</span> <span>Interfàtzia cun s'impitadori</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Interfàtzia_cun_s'impitadori-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Riferimentus" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Riferimentus"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Riferimentus</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Riferimentus-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliografia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliografia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Bibliografia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliografia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Ìnditze" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Sistema operativu</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 151 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-151" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">151 limbas</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ace mw-list-item"><a href="https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/OS" title="OS – acehnesu" lang="ace" hreflang="ace" data-title="OS" data-language-autonym="Acèh" data-language-local-name="acehnesu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Acèh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bedryfstelsel_(inligtingstegnologie)" title="Bedryfstelsel (inligtingstegnologie) – afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Bedryfstelsel (inligtingstegnologie)" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Betriebssystem" title="Betriebssystem – tedescu isvìtzeru" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Betriebssystem" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="tedescu isvìtzeru" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8B%A8%E1%88%B2%E1%88%B5%E1%89%B0%E1%88%9D_%E1%8A%A0%E1%88%B0%E1%88%AA" title="የሲስተም አሰሪ – amàricu" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="የሲስተም አሰሪ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="amàricu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistema_operativo" title="Sistema operativo – aragonesu" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Sistema operativo" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragonesu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weorcendebyrdness" title="Weorcendebyrdness – Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Weorcendebyrdness" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Old English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%B8%D8%A7%D9%85_%D8%AA%D8%B4%D8%BA%D9%8A%D9%84" title="نظام تشغيل – àrabu" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="نظام تشغيل" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="àrabu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%B8%D8%A7%D9%85_%D8%AA%D8%B4%D8%BA%D9%8A%D9%84" title="نظام تشغيل – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="نظام تشغيل" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistema_operativu" title="Sistema operativu – asturianu" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Sistema operativu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturianu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C6%8Fm%C9%99liyyat_sistemi" title="Əməliyyat sistemi – azerbaigianu" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Əməliyyat sistemi" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbaigianu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B4%D9%84%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%85_%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%85%DB%8C" title="ایشلدیم سیستمی – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="ایشلدیم سیستمی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Операцион система – baschiru" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Операцион система" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="baschiru" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uoperac%C4%97n%C4%97_s%C4%97stema" title="Uoperacėnė sėstema – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Uoperacėnė sėstema" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%8B%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%81%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8D%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Аперацыйная сістэма – bielorussu" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Аперацыйная сістэма" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="bielorussu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BF%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%8B%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%81%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8D%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Апэрацыйная сыстэма – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Апэрацыйная сыстэма" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Операционна система – bùlgaru" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Операционна система" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bùlgaru" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%91%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%97_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%AE" title="ऑपरेटिंग सिस्टम – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="ऑपरेटिंग सिस्टम" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%85%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%82_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%AE" title="অপারেটিং সিস্টেম – bengalesu" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="অপারেটিং সিস্টেম" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengalesu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reizhiad_korvoi%C3%B1" title="Reizhiad korvoiñ – brètone" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Reizhiad korvoiñ" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="brètone" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operativni_sistem" title="Operativni sistem – bosnìacu" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Operativni sistem" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosnìacu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%AE%D0%B9%D0%BB%D1%8D%D0%B4%D1%8D%D0%BB%D1%8D%D0%B9_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%8D" title="Үйлэдэлэй системэ – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Үйлэдэлэй системэ" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistema_operatiu" title="Sistema operatiu – catalanu" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Sistema operatiu" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalanu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ch%C5%8F%CC%A4-c%C3%A1uk_hi%C3%AA-t%C5%ABng" title="Chŏ̤-cáuk hiê-tūng – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Chŏ̤-cáuk hiê-tūng" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Операционни система – cecenu" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Операционни система" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="cecenu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%85%DB%8C_%D8%A8%DB%95%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AE%DB%95%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="سیستمی بەکارخەری – curdu tzentrale" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="سیستمی بەکارخەری" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="curdu tzentrale" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opera%C4%8Dn%C3%AD_syst%C3%A9m" title="Operační systém – tzecu" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Operační systém" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="tzecu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%92peracjow%C3%B4_systema" title="Òperacjowô systema – Kashubian" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="Òperacjowô systema" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="Kashubian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kaszëbsczi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8" title="Операци системи – ciuvàsciu" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Операци системи" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="ciuvàsciu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/System_weithredu" title="System weithredu – gallesu" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="System weithredu" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="gallesu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Styresystem" title="Styresystem – danesu" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Styresystem" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danesu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Betriebssystem" title="Betriebssystem – tedescu" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Betriebssystem" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="tedescu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistemo_operatif" title="Sistemo operatif – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Sistemo operatif" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9B%CE%B5%CE%B9%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85%CF%81%CE%B3%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8C_%CF%83%CF%8D%CF%83%CF%84%CE%B7%CE%BC%CE%B1" title="Λειτουργικό σύστημα – grecu" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Λειτουργικό σύστημα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grecu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistamma_operat%C3%AEv" title="Sistamma operatîv – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="Sistamma operatîv" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Emiliàn e rumagnòl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operating_system" title="Operating system – inglesu" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Operating system" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="inglesu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operaciumo" title="Operaciumo – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Operaciumo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistema_operativo" title="Sistema operativo – ispagnolu" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Sistema operativo" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="ispagnolu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operatsioonis%C3%BCsteem" title="Operatsioonisüsteem – èstone" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Operatsioonisüsteem" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="èstone" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistema_eragile" title="Sistema eragile – bascu" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Sistema eragile" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="bascu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%85%E2%80%8C%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%84" title="سیستم‌عامل – persianu" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="سیستم‌عامل" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persianu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%A4ytt%C3%B6j%C3%A4rjestelm%C3%A4" title="Käyttöjärjestelmä – finlandesu" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Käyttöjärjestelmä" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finlandesu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Op%C3%B5rats%27oonis%C3%BCstem" title="Opõrats'oonisüstem – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Opõrats'oonisüstem" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syst%C3%A8me_d%27exploitation" title="Système d'exploitation – frantzesu" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Système d'exploitation" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="frantzesu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bedriifs%C3%BCsteem" title="Bedriifsüsteem – frisone setentrionale" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Bedriifsüsteem" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="frisone setentrionale" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sisteme_operat%C3%AEf" title="Sisteme operatîf – friulanu" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Sisteme operatîf" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="friulanu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%B3ras_oibri%C3%BAch%C3%A1in" title="Córas oibriúcháin – irlandesu" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Córas oibriúcháin" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlandesu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistema_operativo" title="Sistema operativo – galitzianu" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Sistema operativo" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galitzianu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apopyvusu_oku%27%C3%A9va" title="Apopyvusu oku'éva – guaranì" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Apopyvusu oku'éva" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="guaranì" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chok-ngia%CC%8Dp_h%C3%AC-th%C3%BAng" title="Chok-ngia̍p hì-thúng – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Chok-ngia̍p hì-thúng" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%A2%D7%A8%D7%9B%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%A4%D7%A2%D7%9C%D7%94" title="מערכת הפעלה – ebreu" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מערכת הפעלה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="ebreu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0" title="प्रचालन तन्त्र – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="प्रचालन तन्त्र" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operating_system" title="Operating system – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Operating system" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operacijski_sustav" title="Operacijski sustav – croatu" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Operacijski sustav" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croatu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C5%BA%C4%9B%C5%82owy_system" title="Dźěłowy system – sòrabu artu" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Dźěłowy system" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="sòrabu artu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oper%C3%A1ci%C3%B3s_rendszer" title="Operációs rendszer – ungheresu" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Operációs rendszer" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ungheresu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%95%D5%BA%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%A1%D6%81%D5%AB%D5%B8%D5%B6_%D5%B0%D5%A1%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A3" title="Օպերացիոն համակարգ – armenu" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Օպերացիոն համակարգ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armenu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Systema_de_operation" title="Systema de operation – interlìngua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Systema de operation" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlìngua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistem_operasi" title="Sistem operasi – indonesianu" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Sistem operasi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesianu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operativ_systema" title="Operativ systema – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Operativ systema" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistema_ti_panangpaandar" title="Sistema ti panangpaandar – ilocanu" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Sistema ti panangpaandar" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="ilocanu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Funcionanta_sistemo" title="Funcionanta sistemo – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Funcionanta sistemo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/St%C3%BDrikerfi" title="Stýrikerfi – islandesu" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Stýrikerfi" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandesu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistema_operativo" title="Sistema operativo – italianu" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Sistema operativo" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italianu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AA%E3%83%9A%E3%83%AC%E3%83%BC%E3%83%86%E3%82%A3%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B0%E3%82%B7%E3%82%B9%E3%83%86%E3%83%A0" title="オペレーティングシステム – giaponesu" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="オペレーティングシステム" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="giaponesu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistem_operasi_komputer" title="Sistem operasi komputer – giavanesu" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Sistem operasi komputer" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="giavanesu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9E%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%AA%E1%83%98%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98_%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A2%E1%83%94%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90" title="ოპერაციული სისტემა – georgianu" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ოპერაციული სისტემა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgianu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operatsion_sistema" title="Operatsion sistema – Kara-Kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Operatsion sistema" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Kara-Kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anagraw_n_wammud" title="Anagraw n wammud – cabilu" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Anagraw n wammud" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="cabilu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%9B_%D0%B6%D2%AF%D0%B9%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Операциялық жүйелер – kazacu" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Операциялық жүйелер" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazacu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%95%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AF%E0%B2%A8%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B5%E0%B2%B9%E0%B2%A3_%E0%B2%B8%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%A7%E0%B2%A8" title="ಕಾರ್ಯನಿರ್ವಹಣ ಸಾಧನ – kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಕಾರ್ಯನಿರ್ವಹಣ ಸಾಧನ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9A%B4%EC%98%81%EC%B2%B4%EC%A0%9C" title="운영체제 – coreanu" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="운영체제" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coreanu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%BE%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%B9%D9%90%D9%86%DA%AF_%D8%B3%D9%90%D8%B3%D9%B9%D9%8E%D9%85" title="آپریٹِنگ سِسٹَم – kashmiri" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="آپریٹِنگ سِسٹَم" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="kashmiri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ksh mw-list-item"><a href="https://ksh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bedriefsystem" title="Bedriefsystem – coloniesu" lang="ksh" hreflang="ksh" data-title="Bedriefsystem" data-language-autonym="Ripoarisch" data-language-local-name="coloniesu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ripoarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pergala_xebitandin%C3%AA" title="Pergala xebitandinê – curdu" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Pergala xebitandinê" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="curdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BD%D3%A7%D0%B9_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Операционнӧй система – komi" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Операционнӧй система" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="komi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BA_%D1%82%D1%83%D1%82%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Операциялык тутум – chirghisu" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Операциялык тутум" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="chirghisu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Systema_internum" title="Systema internum – latinu" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Systema internum" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latinu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Betribssystem" title="Betribssystem – lussemburghesu" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Betribssystem" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="lussemburghesu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistem_de_opera" title="Sistem de opera – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Sistem de opera" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scistema_%C3%B2perativo" title="Scistema òperativo – lìgure" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Scistema òperativo" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="lìgure" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistema_operativ" title="Sistema operativ – lombardu" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Sistema operativ" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="lombardu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lit%C3%A1mbwisi-mokonzi" title="Litámbwisi-mokonzi – lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Litámbwisi-mokonzi" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%9A%E0%BA%BB%E0%BA%9A%E0%BA%9B%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%95%E0%BA%B4%E0%BA%9A%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%99" title="ລະບົບປະຕິບັດການ – laotianu" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ລະບົບປະຕິບັດການ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="laotianu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operacin%C4%97_sistema" title="Operacinė sistema – lituanu" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Operacinė sistema" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituanu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oper%C4%93t%C4%81jsist%C4%93ma" title="Operētājsistēma – lètone" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Operētājsistēma" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="lètone" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mpandrindra_milina" title="Mpandrindra milina – malgàsciu" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Mpandrindra milina" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malgàsciu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BB%D0%BE_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5" title="Операционло системе – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Операционло системе" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistem_operasi" title="Sistem operasi – minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Sistem operasi" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC" title="Оперативен систем – matzèdone" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Оперативен систем" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="matzèdone" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%93%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%8D%E2%80%8C_%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%82" title="ഓപ്പറേറ്റിങ്‌ സിസ്റ്റം – malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഓപ്പറേറ്റിങ്‌ സിസ്റ്റം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%AE%D0%B9%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC" title="Үйлдлийн систем – mòngolu" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Үйлдлийн систем" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mòngolu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%80" title="संचालन प्रणाली – marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="संचालन प्रणाली" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistem_pengendalian" title="Sistem pengendalian – malesu" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Sistem pengendalian" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malesu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistema_ouperatibo" title="Sistema ouperatibo – mirandesu" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Sistema ouperatibo" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="mirandesu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%80%E1%80%BD%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA%E1%80%95%E1%80%BB%E1%80%B0%E1%80%90%E1%80%AC_%E1%80%85%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA%E1%80%9C%E1%80%8A%E1%80%BA%E1%80%95%E1%80%90%E1%80%BA%E1%80%9B%E1%80%B1%E1%80%B8_%E1%80%85%E1%80%94%E1%80%85%E1%80%BA" title="ကွန်ပျူတာ စက်လည်ပတ်ရေး စနစ် – burmesu" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ကွန်ပျူတာ စက်လည်ပတ်ရေး စနစ်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="burmesu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bedriefssystem" title="Bedriefssystem – tedescu bassu" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Bedriefssystem" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="tedescu bassu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%99_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%AE" title="अपरेटिङ सिस्टम – nepal bhasa" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="अपरेटिङ सिस्टम" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="nepal bhasa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Besturingssysteem" title="Besturingssysteem – olandesu" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Besturingssysteem" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="olandesu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operativsystem" title="Operativsystem – norvegesu nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Operativsystem" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norvegesu nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operativsystem" title="Operativsystem – norvegesu bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Operativsystem" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvegesu bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sist%C3%A8ma_operatiu" title="Sistèma operatiu – otzitanu" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Sistèma operatiu" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="otzitanu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%85%E0%AC%AA%E0%AC%B0%E0%AD%87%E0%AC%9F%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%99%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%97_%E0%AC%B8%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%B7%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%9F%E0%AC%AE" title="ଅପରେଟିଙ୍ଗ ସିଷ୍ଟମ – odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ଅପରେଟିଙ୍ଗ ସିଷ୍ଟମ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="odia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%AA%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%9F%E0%A8%BF%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%97_%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%9F%E0%A8%AE" title="ਆਪਰੇਟਿੰਗ ਸਿਸਟਮ – punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਆਪਰੇਟਿੰਗ ਸਿਸਟਮ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pfl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pfl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Betriebssystem" title="Betriebssystem – Palatine German" lang="pfl" hreflang="pfl" data-title="Betriebssystem" data-language-autonym="Pälzisch" data-language-local-name="Palatine German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pälzisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/System_operacyjny" title="System operacyjny – polacu" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="System operacyjny" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polacu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%BE%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%B9%D9%86%DA%AF_%D8%B3%D8%B3%D9%B9%D9%85" title="اوپریٹنگ سسٹم – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="اوپریٹنگ سسٹم" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistema_operativo" title="Sistema operativo – portoghesu" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Sistema operativo" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portoghesu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Llamk%27achiy_llikacha" title="Llamk'achiy llikacha – quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Llamk'achiy llikacha" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistem_de_operare" title="Sistem de operare – rumenu" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Sistem de operare" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumenu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Операционная система – russu" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Операционная система" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Операчна сістема – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Операчна сістема" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F%D0%BB%D1%8B%D1%8B%D1%80_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Операциялыыр система – yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Операциялыыр система" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operatin_seestem" title="Operatin seestem – scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Operatin seestem" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operatiivavuog%C3%A1dat" title="Operatiivavuogádat – sami setentrionale" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Operatiivavuogádat" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="sami setentrionale" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operativni_sistem" title="Operativni sistem – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Operativni sistem" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shn mw-list-item"><a href="https://shn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%95%E1%80%AD%E1%80%B0%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%9E%E1%81%A2%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%82%88_%E1%81%B6%E1%80%BD%E1%80%99%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%95%E1%80%BB%E1%80%B0%E1%80%90%E1%82%83%E1%82%87" title="ပိူင်သၢင်ႈ ၶွမ်းပျူတႃႇ – shan" lang="shn" hreflang="shn" data-title="ပိူင်သၢင်ႈ ၶွမ်းပျူတႃႇ" data-language-autonym="ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး " data-language-local-name="shan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး </span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%B4%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%9C%E0%B6%AB%E0%B6%9A_%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%99%E0%B7%84%E0%B7%99%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%94%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%8A_%E0%B6%B4%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%B0%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%92" title="පරිගණක මෙහෙයුම් පද්ධති – singalesu" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="පරිගණක මෙහෙයුම් පද්ධති" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="singalesu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operating_system" title="Operating system – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Operating system" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opera%C4%8Dn%C3%BD_syst%C3%A9m" title="Operačný systém – islovacu" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Operačný systém" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="islovacu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-skr mw-list-item"><a href="https://skr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%BE%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%B9%D9%86%DA%AF_%D8%B3%D8%B3%D9%B9%D9%85" title="آپریٹنگ سسٹم – Saraiki" lang="skr" hreflang="skr" data-title="آپریٹنگ سسٹم" data-language-autonym="سرائیکی" data-language-local-name="Saraiki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سرائیکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operacijski_sistem" title="Operacijski sistem – islovenu" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Operacijski sistem" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="islovenu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operating_system" title="Operating system – sòmalu" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Operating system" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="sòmalu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistemi_operativ" title="Sistemi operativ – albanesu" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Sistemi operativ" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albanesu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC" title="Оперативни систем – serbu" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Оперативни систем" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistim_Operasi" title="Sistim Operasi – sundanesu" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Sistim Operasi" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="sundanesu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operativsystem" title="Operativsystem – isvedesu" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Operativsystem" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="isvedesu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mfumo_wa_uendeshaji" title="Mfumo wa uendeshaji – swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Mfumo wa uendeshaji" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uoperacyjno_systyma" title="Uoperacyjno systyma – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Uoperacyjno systyma" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%87%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81_%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%B3%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="இயக்கு தளம் – tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="இயக்கு தளம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%86%E0%B0%AA%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%9F%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%97%E0%B1%8D_%E0%B0%B8%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%9F%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%8D" title="ఆపరేటింగ్ సిస్టమ్ – telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="ఆపరేటింగ్ సిస్టమ్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BB" title="Системомил – tagicu" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Системомил" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tagicu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%8F%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3" title="ระบบปฏิบัติการ – tailandesu" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ระบบปฏิบัติการ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="tailandesu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operating_system" title="Operating system – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Operating system" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0%C5%9Fletim_sistemi" title="İşletim sistemi – turcu" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="İşletim sistemi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turcu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Операцион система – tàtaru" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Операцион система" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tàtaru" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%DB%95%D8%B4%D8%BA%DB%87%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%B3%D9%89%D8%B3%D8%AA%DB%90%D9%85%D9%89%D8%B3%D9%89" title="مەشغۇلات سىستېمىسى – uiguru" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="مەشغۇلات سىستېمىسى" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="uiguru" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%96%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Операційна система – ucrainu" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Операційна система" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucrainu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%BE%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%B9%D9%86%DA%AF_%D8%B3%D8%B3%D9%B9%D9%85" title="آپریٹنگ سسٹم – urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="آپریٹنگ سسٹم" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ishlatuv_tizimi" title="Ishlatuv tizimi – uzbecu" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Ishlatuv tizimi" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbecu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistema_oparadivo" title="Sistema oparadivo – vènetu" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Sistema oparadivo" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="vènetu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%E1%BB%87_%C4%91i%E1%BB%81u_h%C3%A0nh" title="Hệ điều hành – vietnamita" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Hệ điều hành" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamita" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistinme_d%27_operance" title="Sistinme d' operance – vallonu" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Sistinme d' operance" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="vallonu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistema_operatiba" title="Sistema operatiba – waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Sistema operatiba" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wo mw-list-item"><a href="https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nosteg_doxiin" title="Nosteg doxiin – wolof" lang="wo" hreflang="wo" data-title="Nosteg doxiin" data-language-autonym="Wolof" data-language-local-name="wolof" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Wolof</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%93%8D%E4%BD%9C%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F" title="操作系统 – wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="操作系统" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9E%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%AA%E1%83%98%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98_%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A2%E1%83%94%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90" title="ოპერაციული სისტემა – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ოპერაციული სისტემა" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%A4%D7%A2%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%9F_%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%A1%D7%98%D7%A2%D7%9D" title="אפערירן סיסטעם – yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="אפערירן סיסטעם" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operating_System" title="Operating System – yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Operating System" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%93%8D%E4%BD%9C%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F" title="操作系统 – tzinesu" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="操作系统" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="tzinesu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chok-gia%CC%8Dp_h%C4%93-th%C3%B3ng" title="Chok-gia̍p hē-thóng – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Chok-gia̍p hē-thóng" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BD%9C%E6%A5%AD%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1" title="作業系統 – cantonesu" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="作業系統" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="cantonesu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q9135#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Modìfica sos ligàmenes interlinguìsticos" class="wbc-editpage">Modìfica sos ligàmenes</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Nùmene-logos"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet 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Abbàida sas àteras bariedades gràficas: <p><small><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sistema_operativu/logudoresu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sistema operativu/logudoresu (sa pàgina no esistit)">logudoresu</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sistema_operativu/LSC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sistema operativu/LSC (sa pàgina no esistit)">LSC</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sistema_operativu/nugoresu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sistema operativu/nugoresu (sa pàgina no esistit)">nugoresu</a></small> </p> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ubuntu_13.04_Raring_Ringtail_Nautilus_Northern_Sami.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Ubuntu_13.04_Raring_Ringtail_Nautilus_Northern_Sami.png/220px-Ubuntu_13.04_Raring_Ringtail_Nautilus_Northern_Sami.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="129" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Ubuntu_13.04_Raring_Ringtail_Nautilus_Northern_Sami.png/330px-Ubuntu_13.04_Raring_Ringtail_Nautilus_Northern_Sami.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Ubuntu_13.04_Raring_Ringtail_Nautilus_Northern_Sami.png/440px-Ubuntu_13.04_Raring_Ringtail_Nautilus_Northern_Sami.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Ubuntu" title="Ubuntu">Ubuntu</a>, unu sistema operativu de sa <a href="/wiki/Linux" title="Linux">famìlia Linux</a>.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Android_OS.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Android_OS.jpg/220px-Android_OS.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Android_OS.jpg/330px-Android_OS.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Android_OS.jpg/440px-Android_OS.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024" /></a><figcaption>Android, unu sistema operativu svilupadu dae Google chi impreat su <a href="/wiki/Linux_(n%C3%B9cleu)" title="Linux (nùcleu)">nùcleu Linux</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Unu <b>sistema operativu</b> (acurtzau cummenti SO), in <a href="/wiki/Inform%C3%A0tica" title="Informàtica">informàtica</a>, est su programma printzipali de unu <a href="/wiki/Computer" title="Computer">elaboradori</a> ca manixat is risorsas suas, frunendi servìtzius de basi a is programmas aplicativus in esecutzioni<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Descritzioni">Descritzioni</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sistema_operativu&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Càmbia sa setzione: Descritzioni" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modìfica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sistema_operativu&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Descritzioni"><span>modìfica su còdighe de orìgine</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Su sistema operativu ponit unu grupu de cumandus e servìtzius a disponimentu de s'impitadori, po ddu poni in cunditzionis de impreai s'elaboradori, siat custu su prus piticu de is palmaris o unu sistema centrali mannu, a su mellus de is possibbilidadis<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Po mèdiu de su sistema operativu, s'impitadori no depit connosci is minudas costrutivas de s'elaboradori suu po ita custus funt cuaus de un'interfàtzia prus còmoda de impreai<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:1_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Unu sistema operativu podit essi classificau cummenti: </p> <ul><li>mono-impitadori, candu un'impitadori sceti podit impreai is risorsas de s'elaboradori<sup id="cite_ref-:2_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>;</li> <li>multi-impitadori, candu prus impitadoris podint impreai is risorsas de s'elaboradori a su pròpriu tempus<sup id="cite_ref-:2_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>;</li> <li>mono-processu, candu su sistema podit esecutai sceti unu còmpitu (processu) a sa bia<sup id="cite_ref-:2_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>;</li> <li>multi-processu, candu prus processus podint essi esecutaus in parallelu, gràtzias a unu pranificadori<sup id="cite_ref-:2_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>;</li> <li>tempus reali, po sistemas chi depint torrai un'arrespusta a un'intrada aìnturu de unu tempus limitau<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>;</li> <li>portàbbili, candu su pròpriu sistema podit funtzionai in elaboradoris cun architeturas diferentis<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>;</li> <li>distribuius, candu manìgiat prus elaboradoris faendiddus parri unu sceti a s'impitadori<sup id="cite_ref-:2_4-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>;</li> <li>integraus, candu depint funtzionai in sistemas piticheddus cummenti palmaris e/o cun risorsas limitadas<sup id="cite_ref-:2_4-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fainas_printzipalis">Fainas printzipalis</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sistema_operativu&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Càmbia sa setzione: Fainas printzipalis" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modìfica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sistema_operativu&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Fainas printzipalis"><span>modìfica su còdighe de orìgine</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In fueddus prus rigorosus, unu sistema operativu est un'assortimentu de protzeduras e struturas de datus responsàbbilis po<sup id="cite_ref-:1_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>: </p> <ol><li>su controllu e su manìgiu de is risorsas de sistema (<a href="/wiki/Microprocessori" class="mw-redirect" title="Microprocessori">microprocessori</a> e memòria primària) e de is cumponentis hardware ca formant s'elaboradori. Custu incluit su manìgiu de s'intrada/essida po is dispositivus collegaus;</li> <li>s'esecutzioni de is <a href="/wiki/Software" title="Software">programmas</a> ca funt esecutaus a pitzus de issu, assinniendindi is risorsas netzessàrias.</li></ol> <p>Chi su sistema previdit sa possibbilidadi de ammentu de is datus in una <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mem%C3%B2ria_de_massa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Memòria de massa (sa pàgina no esistit)">memòria de massa</a>, cummenti acuntessit me is elaboradoris po impreu generali, tenit puru su còmpitu de manigiai s'archiviatzioni e s'atzessu a is <a href="/wiki/Arch%C3%ACviu_(inform%C3%A0tica)" title="Archìviu (informàtica)">archìvius</a>. Is programmas podint ligi e scriri in sa memòria de massa impreendi is protzeduras lassadas a disponimentu de su sistema operativu. Custa parti de su sistema est su <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sistema_de_is_arch%C3%ACvius&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sistema de is archìvius (sa pàgina no esistit)">sistema de is archìvius</a><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>A sa fini, chi est previdia s'interatzioni cun s'impitadori, de sòlitu est impreada po custu un'interfàtzia (gràfica o a testu). Su cunsideru de s'interfàtzia cummenti cumponenti de su sistema o cummenti programma separau dipendit de su progetu: me is sistemas <a href="/wiki/UNIX" title="UNIX">UNIX</a>, s'interfàtzia est unu programma esecutau apitzus de su sistema beru<sup id="cite_ref-:3_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>; in Windows 2000 una parti manna de is funtzionis po sa creatzioni de s'interfàtzia est unu cumponenti de fundamentu de su sistema etotu<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. S'interfàtzia no est un'òbligu, ca unu sistema podit essi fatu po essi impreau in màchinas ca no previdint interatzioni peruna cun umanus (cummenti sistemas integraus o cartas inteligentis)<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cumponentis">Cumponentis</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sistema_operativu&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Càmbia sa setzione: Cumponentis" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modìfica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sistema_operativu&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Cumponentis"><span>modìfica su còdighe de orìgine</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Nùcleu"><span id="N.C3.B9cleu"></span>Nùcleu</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sistema_operativu&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Càmbia sa setzione: Nùcleu" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modìfica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sistema_operativu&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Nùcleu"><span>modìfica su còdighe de orìgine</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Su nùcleu est unu grupu de funtzionis de basi connètidas pari pari e connètidas cun is cumponentis fìsicus de s'elaboradori ca funt esecutadas cun su livellu de privilègiu màssimu a disponimentu in sa màchina: sa modalidadi nùcleu. Su nùcleu atru no est ca unu programma ca depit fruniri un'atzessu cuntrollau a is cumponentis eletrònicus e a is atrus cumponentis de su sistema operativu a is programmas aplicativus tirendindi su còmpitu de ddas manigiai<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Ddoi at genias diferentis de nùcleus. Unu <a href="/w/index.php?title=Micro-n%C3%B9cleu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Micro-nùcleu (sa pàgina no esistit)">micro-nùcleu</a> incluit sceti is funtzionis de basi e totu is atras ddas frunint atrus programmas ca funtzionant in modalidadi impitadori. Unu nùcleu clàssicu (o <a href="/w/index.php?title=N%C3%B9cleu_monol%C3%ACticu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nùcleu monolìticu (sa pàgina no esistit)">monolìticu</a>) invècias integrat su manìgiu de sa memòria virtuali, su pranificadori de is processus, su sistema de is archìvius e is <a href="/wiki/Pilota_de_dispositivu" title="Pilota de dispositivu">pilotas de is dispositivus</a><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Su_pranificadori">Su pranificadori</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sistema_operativu&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Càmbia sa setzione: Su pranificadori" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modìfica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sistema_operativu&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Su pranificadori"><span>modìfica su còdighe de orìgine</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Su <a href="/wiki/Pianificadore_(inform%C3%A0tica)" title="Pianificadore (informàtica)">pranificadori</a> est de importu mannu po is sistemas <a href="/w/index.php?title=Multi-processu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Multi-processu (sa pàgina no esistit)">multi-processu</a>. Giai ca in unu elaboradori tìpicu ddoi at prus processus ca processoris po ddus esecutai, su pranificadori ponit in esecutzioni unu processu e ndi frimat un'atru<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, fadendi unu <b>càmbiu de cuntestu</b><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Custu acuntessit a una velocidadi ca donat a s'impitadori s'idea ca is processus funt esecutaus in su pròpriu momentu, ammanniendi s'eficèntzia de s'elaboradori. Su pranificadori fait puru a manera ca unu processu ca depit aspetai datus de unu dispositivu po podi sighi cun su traballu suu no tèngiat su processori inoperativu: in s'interis atrus processus podint essi esecutaus<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Ddoi at duas genias de pranificadori: su <b>pranificadori cooperativu</b> e su <b>pranificadori cun prelatzioni</b><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <ul><li>Cun unu pranificadori cooperativu, dònnia processu lassat su controllu a su sistema candu at finiu s'operatzioni currenti. Custu tipu de pranificadori est prus comunu me is elaboradoris bècius. No bolit processoris progetaus po suportai su càmbiu de contestu e duncas podit essi postu in òpera in totus is elaboradoris. Po contra, est prus dèbbili, po ita ca una faddina in unu processu podit cumpromiti sa possibbilidadi de passai su controllu a su sistema e duncas ddu podit blocai dessintotu.</li> <li>Cun unu pranificadori cun prelatzioni, est su pranificadori a firmai is processus candu finint su tempus ca dd'iat assinniau. Arrachedit su suportu de su processori e prus traballu po ita ca su sistema operativu depit salvai totu su stadu de su processu a manera ca custu a pustis podit torrai in esecutzioni, ma est sa solutzioni prus comuna me is elaboradoris modernus po ita ca est prus segura.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Manìgiu_de_s'intrada/essida"><span id="Man.C3.ACgiu_de_s.27intrada.2Fessida"></span>Manìgiu de s'intrada/essida</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sistema_operativu&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Càmbia sa setzione: Manìgiu de s'intrada/essida" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modìfica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sistema_operativu&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Manìgiu de s'intrada/essida"><span>modìfica su còdighe de orìgine</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Su manìgiu tìpicu de s'<a href="/wiki/Intrada/essida" title="Intrada/essida">intrada/essida</a>, e duncas de is <a href="/wiki/Perif%C3%A8rica" title="Perifèrica">dispositivus</a>, est portada a cumprimentu cun su mecanismu de is interrutzionis: candu unu dispositivu est prontu a scambiai datus cun su sistema, imbiat unu sinnali a su sistema operativu ca firmat s'esecutzioni de su processu currenti e ponit in esecutzioni su <a href="/wiki/Pilota_de_dispositivu" title="Pilota de dispositivu">pilota de su dispositivu</a><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Manìgiu_de_sa_memòria"><span id="Man.C3.ACgiu_de_sa_mem.C3.B2ria"></span>Manìgiu de sa memòria</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sistema_operativu&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Càmbia sa setzione: Manìgiu de sa memòria" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modìfica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sistema_operativu&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Manìgiu de sa memòria"><span>modìfica su còdighe de orìgine</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Custa parti de su sistema manìgiat sa <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mem%C3%B2ria_prim%C3%A0ria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Memòria primària (sa pàgina no esistit)">memòria primària</a> e dda assìnniat a is processus ca dda pedint, in antis de incumentzai s'elaboratzioni. Su manìgiu est netzessàriu po ammentai canta memòria est impreada e canta nci nd'at a disponimentu po sodisfai pedidas noas<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. De sòlitu, custu còmpitu est portau a cumprimentu cun s'<a href="/w/index.php?title=Unidadi_de_Man%C3%ACgiu_de_sa_Mem%C3%B2ria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Unidadi de Manìgiu de sa Memòria (sa pàgina no esistit)">Unidadi de Manìgiu de sa Memòria</a> (UMM), unu cumponenti fìsicu de s'elaboradori<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Sistema_de_is_archìvius"><span id="Sistema_de_is_arch.C3.ACvius"></span>Sistema de is archìvius</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sistema_operativu&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Càmbia sa setzione: Sistema de is archìvius" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modìfica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sistema_operativu&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section's source code: Sistema de is archìvius"><span>modìfica su còdighe de orìgine</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Su sistema de is archìvius est unu grupu de funtzionis ca permitint de organizai e manigiai is datus in una memòria de massa. Gràtzias a custu, s'impitadori podit scriri, ligi e assetiai is archìvius chena pentzai a s'organizatzioni fìsica insoru in sa memòria (p.e. in cali rastu de unu discu s'agatant)<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Interfàtzia_cun_s'impitadori"><span id="Interf.C3.A0tzia_cun_s.27impitadori"></span>Interfàtzia cun s'impitadori</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sistema_operativu&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Càmbia sa setzione: Interfàtzia cun s'impitadori" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modìfica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sistema_operativu&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section's source code: Interfàtzia cun s'impitadori"><span>modìfica su còdighe de orìgine</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In unu sistema fatu po essi impreau de umanus, serbit <a href="/wiki/Interfache_%C3%B2mine-m%C3%A0china" title="Interfache òmine-màchina">una manera</a> po podi giai is cumandus a s'elaboradori e arriciri is arresurtaus. Sa manera prus comuna est una presentada bisuali. Sa prus simpli est un'<a href="/w/index.php?title=Interf%C3%A0tzia_a_testu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Interfàtzia a testu (sa pàgina no esistit)">interfàtzia a testu</a>, cummenti in <a href="/wiki/MS-DOS" title="MS-DOS">MS-DOS</a> e <a href="/wiki/UNIX" title="UNIX">UNIX</a>, ma oi in dii totus is sistemas prus connotus tenint un'<a href="/w/index.php?title=Interf%C3%A0tzia_gr%C3%A0fica&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Interfàtzia gràfica (sa pàgina no esistit)">interfàtzia gràfica</a>, cummenti <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Windows" title="Microsoft Windows">Microsoft Windows</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mac_OS_X" title="Mac OS X">Mac OS</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Android&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Android (sa pàgina no esistit)">Android</a> e distributzionis medas de <a href="/wiki/Linux" title="Linux">Linux</a><sup id="cite_ref-:3_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Riferimentus">Riferimentus</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sistema_operativu&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Càmbia sa setzione: Riferimentus" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modìfica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sistema_operativu&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section's source code: Riferimentus"><span>modìfica su còdighe de orìgine</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation tzita" style="font-style:normal"><a href="#CITEREFTAN2009">Tanenbaum, 2009</a>, pag.1</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-0">2.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-1">2.1</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-2">2.2</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation tzita" style="font-style:normal"><a href="#CITEREFTAN2015">Tanenbaum, 2015</a>, pag.1-19</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:1_3-0">3.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:1_3-1">3.1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation tzita" style="font-style:normal"><a href="#CITEREFSTA2009">Stallings, 2009</a>, pag.51</cite>-53</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:2_4-0">4.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:2_4-1">4.1</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:2_4-2">4.2</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:2_4-3">4.3</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:2_4-4">4.4</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:2_4-5">4.5</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation publicatzione" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglesu">EN</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220419145210/http://www.ftms.edu.my/images/Document/CSCA0201%20-%20Fundamental%20of%20Computing/csca0201_ch06.pdf"><span style="font-style:italic;">FUNDAMENTALS OF COMPUTING - Chapter 6: Operating Systems</span></a> (<span style="font-weight: bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="documentu in formadu PDF">PDF</abbr></span>). <small>URL consultadu su 20 freàrgiu 2022</small> <small>(archiviadu dae s'<abbr title="https://www.ftms.edu.my/images/Document/CSCA0201%20-%20Fundamental%20of%20Computing/csca0201_ch06.pdf">url originale</abbr> su 19 abrile 2022)</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation tzita" style="font-style:normal"><a href="#CITEREFTAN2015">Tanenbaum, 2015</a>, pag.37</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation tzita" style="font-style:normal"><a href="#CITEREFTAN2015">Tanenbaum, 2015</a>, pag.984</cite> <table cellpadding="0" style="width:auto; background:none; margin-bottom:.5em; font-size:95%; color:#000; text-align:left"> <tbody><tr> <td valign="top" style="width:50%; padding:0 1.2em; border:none;">(<a href="/wiki/Limba_inglesa" title="Limba inglesa"><small><b>EN</b></small></a>) <div style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-size:125%;"><b>«</b></span> modern operating systems are generally designed to be portable, meaning they have to run on multiple hardware platforms. <span style="font-size:125%;"><b>»</b></span></div> </td> <td valign="top" style="width:50%; padding:0 1.2em; border:none;">(<span style="font-weight: bolder; font-size: 80%;"><a href="/wiki/Limba_sarda" title="Limba sarda">SC</a></span>)<div style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-size:125%;"><b>«</b></span> is sistemas operativus modernus acostumant a essi progetaus po essi portàbbilis, est a nai chi depint funtzionai in prus prataformas hardware. <span style="font-size:125%;"><b>»</b></span></div> </td></tr> <tr class="hiddenStructure noprint"> <td colspan="2" style="padding:0 1.2em"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> </span></li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation tzita" style="font-style:normal"><a href="#CITEREFTAN2015">Tanenbaum, 2015</a>, pag.18</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation tzita" style="font-style:normal"><a href="#CITEREFTAN2009">Tanenbaum, 2009</a>, pag.481,482</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:3-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:3_9-0">9.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:3_9-1">9.1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation tzita" style="font-style:normal"><a href="#CITEREFTAN2015">Tananbaum, 2015</a>, pag.45,46</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation tzita" style="font-style:normal"><a href="#CITEREFSTA2009">Stallings, 2009</a>, pag.83, 84</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-11">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation publicatzione" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglesu">EN</abbr></span>) Anik Barua, Mohammad Minhazul Hoque e Rubina Akter, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ajer.org/papers/v3(12)/P031201190123.pdf"><span style="font-style:italic;">Embedded Systems: Security Threats and Solutions</span></a> (<span style="font-weight: bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="documentu in formadu PDF">PDF</abbr></span>), in <span style="font-style:italic;">American Journal of Engineering Research (AJER)</span>, vol. 3, 2014, pp. 119-123. <small>URL consultadu su 13 freàrgiu 2022</small>. <br /><span class="cite-q">«Embedded systems are not standalone always rather than in the most of the time it is used as a part of a larger complex device. Here performance based real-time constrains must be met for the usability and safety of those devices. Graphical user interface is not always mandatory for the small scale device»</span>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-12">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation tzita" style="font-style:normal"><a href="#CITEREFTAN2015">Tanenbaum, 2015</a>, pag.22</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-13">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation libru" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglesu">EN</abbr></span>) Brian Bagnall, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/61127911"><span style="font-style:italic;">On the edge : the spectacular rise and fall of Commodore</span></a>, Winnipeg, Variant Press, 2005, p. 202, <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Ispetziale:BookSources/0-9738649-0-7" title="Ispetziale:BookSources/0-9738649-0-7">0-9738649-0-7</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Online_Computer_Library_Center&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Online Computer Library Center (sa pàgina no esistit)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/oclc/61127911">61127911</a>. <small>URL consultadu su 19 freàrgiu 2022</small>. <br /><span class="cite-q">«The kernel is the most fundamental part of a program, typically an operating system, that resides in memory at all times and provides the basic services. It is the part of the operating system that is closest to the machine and may activate the hardware directly or interface to another software layer that drives the hardware.»</span>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-14">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation tzita" style="font-style:normal"><a href="#CITEREFSTA2009">Stallings, 2009</a>, pag.77</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-15">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation tzita" style="font-style:normal"><a href="#CITEREFTAN2015">Tanenbaum, 2015</a>, pag.63-68</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-16">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation tzita" style="font-style:normal"><a href="#CITEREFTAN2015">Tanenbaum, 2015</a>, pag.149-150</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-17">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation tzita" style="font-style:normal"><a href="#CITEREFTAN2015">Tanenbaum, 2015</a>, pag.159</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-18">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation tzita" style="font-style:normal"><a href="#CITEREFTAN2015">Tanenbaum, 2015</a>, pag.93</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-19">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation tzita" style="font-style:normal"><a href="#CITEREFTAN2015">Tanenbaum, 2015</a>, pag.153</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-20">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglesu">EN</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://people.cs.rutgers.edu/~pxk/416/notes/07-scheduling.html"><span style="font-style:italic;">Process Scheduling</span></a>, in <span style="font-style:italic;">people.cs.rutgers.edu</span>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-21">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation tzita" style="font-style:normal"><a href="#CITEREFTAN2015">Tanenbaum, 2015</a>, pag.356</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-22">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation tzita" style="font-style:normal"><a href="#CITEREFTAN2015">Tanenbaum, 2015</a>, pag.181</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-23">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation tzita" style="font-style:normal"><a href="#CITEREFTAN2015">Tanenbaum, 2015</a>, pag.28</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-24">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation tzita" style="font-style:normal"><a href="#CITEREFTAN2015">Tanenbaum, 2015</a>, pag.263-264</cite></span> </li> </ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliografia">Bibliografia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sistema_operativu&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Càmbia sa setzione: Bibliografia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modìfica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sistema_operativu&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section's source code: Bibliografia"><span>modìfica su còdighe de orìgine</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><cite id="CITEREFTAN2009" class="citation libru" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglesu">EN</abbr></span>) Andrew S. Tanenbaum e Albert S. Woodhull, <span style="font-style:italic;">Operating Systems: design and implementation</span>, 3ª ed., Upper Saddle River, Pearson, 2009, <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Ispetziale:BookSources/978-0-13-505-376-8" title="Ispetziale:BookSources/978-0-13-505-376-8">978-0-13-505-376-8</a>.</cite></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFSTA2009" class="citation libru" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglesu">EN</abbr></span>) William Stallings, <span style="font-style:italic;">Operating Systems: Internals and Design Principles</span>, 6ª ed., Noa Delhi, Pearson, 2009, <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Ispetziale:BookSources/978-81-317-2528-3" title="Ispetziale:BookSources/978-81-317-2528-3">978-81-317-2528-3</a>.</cite></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFTAN2015" class="citation libru" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglesu">EN</abbr></span>) Andrew S. Tanenbaum e Herbert Bos, <span style="font-style:italic;">Modern Operating Systems</span>, 4ª ed., Pearson Higher Education, 2015, <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Ispetziale:BookSources/978-0-13-359162-0" title="Ispetziale:BookSources/978-0-13-359162-0">978-0-13-359162-0</a>.</cite></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r156780">.mw-parser-output .CdA{border:1px solid #aaa;width:100%;margin:auto;font-size:90%;padding:2px}.mw-parser-output .CdA th{background-color:#ddddff;font-weight:bold;width:20%}</style><table class="CdA"><tbody><tr><th><a href="/w/index.php?title=Agiudu:Controllu_de_autoridade&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Agiudu:Controllu de autoridade (sa pàgina no esistit)">Controllu de autoridade</a></th><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Biblioth%C3%A8que_nationale_de_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bibliothèque nationale de France (sa pàgina no esistit)">BNF</a> <span class="uid">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; 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