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class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Synthese</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Synthese-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Synthese-subkopje inklappen</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Synthese-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Laboratoriumsynthese" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Laboratoriumsynthese"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Laboratoriumsynthese</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Laboratoriumsynthese-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Industriële_synthese" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Industriële_synthese"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Industriële synthese</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Industriële_synthese-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Eigenschappen" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Eigenschappen"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Eigenschappen</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Eigenschappen-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Toepassingen" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Toepassingen"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Toepassingen</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Toepassingen-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Zie_ook" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Zie_ook"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Zie ook</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Zie_ook-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Externe_link" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Externe_link"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Externe link</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Externe_link-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Inhoud" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Inhoudsopgave omschakelen" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Inhoudsopgave omschakelen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Waterstofchloride</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Ga naar een artikel in een andere taal. Beschikbaar in 57 talen" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-57" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">57 talen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waterstofchloried" title="Waterstofchloried – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Waterstofchloried" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%87%D9%8A%D8%AF%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AC%D9%8A%D9%86" title="كلوريد الهيدروجين – Arabisch" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="كلوريد الهيدروجين" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%DB%8C%D8%AF%D8%B1%D9%88%DA%98%D9%86_%DA%A9%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%AF" title="هیدروژن کولورید – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="هیدروژن کولورید" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4" title="Хлороводород – Bulgaars" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Хлороводород" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%A1%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A8_%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%A1" title="হাইড্রোজেন ক্লোরাইড – Bengaals" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="হাইড্রোজেন ক্লোরাইড" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bengaals" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hlorovodik" title="Hlorovodik – Bosnisch" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Hlorovodik" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clorur_d%27hidrogen" title="Clorur d'hidrogen – Catalaans" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Clorur d'hidrogen" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chlorovod%C3%ADk" title="Chlorovodík – Tsjechisch" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Chlorovodík" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Tsjechisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chlorwasserstoff" title="Chlorwasserstoff – Duits" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Chlorwasserstoff" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Duits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A5%CE%B4%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%87%CE%BB%CF%8E%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Υδροχλώριο – Grieks" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Υδροχλώριο" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Grieks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrogen_chloride" title="Hydrogen chloride – Engels" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Hydrogen chloride" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Engels" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hidrogena_klorido" title="Hidrogena klorido – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Hidrogena klorido" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cloruro_de_hidr%C3%B3geno" title="Cloruro de hidrógeno – Spaans" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Cloruro de hidrógeno" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vesinikkloriid" title="Vesinikkloriid – Estisch" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Vesinikkloriid" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hidrogeno_kloruro" title="Hidrogeno kloruro – Baskisch" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Hidrogeno kloruro" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Baskisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%DB%8C%D8%AF%D8%B1%D9%88%DA%98%D9%86_%DA%A9%D9%84%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%AF" title="هیدروژن کلرید – Perzisch" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="هیدروژن کلرید" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Perzisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vetykloridi" title="Vetykloridi – Fins" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Vetykloridi" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Fins" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chlorure_d%27hydrog%C3%A8ne" title="Chlorure d'hydrogène – Frans" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Chlorure d'hydrogène" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Frans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kloorweederstoof" title="Kloorweederstoof – Noord-Fries" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Kloorweederstoof" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Noord-Fries" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cloruro_de_hidr%C3%B3xeno" title="Cloruro de hidróxeno – Galicisch" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Cloruro de hidróxeno" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galicisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%9E%D7%9F_%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%99" title="מימן כלורי – Hebreeuws" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מימן כלורי" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebreeuws" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%A1" title="हाइड्रोजन क्लोराइड – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="हाइड्रोजन क्लोराइड" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klorovodik" title="Klorovodik – Kroatisch" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Klorovodik" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Kroatisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hidrog%C3%A9n-klorid" title="Hidrogén-klorid – Hongaars" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Hidrogén-klorid" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hongaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%94%D5%AC%D5%B8%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%BB%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%AE%D5%AB%D5%B6" title="Քլորաջրածին – Armeens" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Քլորաջրածին" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hidrogen_klorida" title="Hidrogen klorida – Indonesisch" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Hidrogen klorida" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A1%A9%E5%8C%96%E6%B0%B4%E7%B4%A0" title="塩化水素 – Japans" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="塩化水素" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A5%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0%E1%83%AC%E1%83%A7%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%91%E1%83%90%E1%83%93%E1%83%98" title="ქლორწყალბადი – Georgisch" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ქლორწყალბადი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B9%E0%B3%88%E0%B2%A1%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8A%E0%B2%9C%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%8D_%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B2%E0%B3%8B%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%88%E0%B2%A1%E0%B3%8D" title="ಹೈಡ್ರೊಜನ್ ಕ್ಲೋರೈಡ್ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಹೈಡ್ರೊಜನ್ ಕ್ಲೋರೈಡ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%97%BC%ED%99%94_%EC%88%98%EC%86%8C" title="염화 수소 – Koreaans" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="염화 수소" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Koreaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hlor%C5%ABde%C5%86radis" title="Hlorūdeņradis – Lets" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Hlorūdeņradis" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Lets" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4" title="Хлороводород – Macedonisch" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Хлороводород" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%A1" title="हायड्रोजन क्लोराइड – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="हायड्रोजन क्लोराइड" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hidrogen_klorida" title="Hidrogen klorida – Maleis" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Hidrogen klorida" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Maleis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chlorwaterstoff" title="Chlorwaterstoff – Nedersaksisch" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Chlorwaterstoff" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Nedersaksisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrogenklorid" title="Hydrogenklorid – Noors - Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Hydrogenklorid" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Noors - Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrogenklorid" title="Hydrogenklorid – Noors - Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Hydrogenklorid" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Noors - Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clorur_d%27idrog%C3%A8n" title="Clorur d'idrogèn – Occitaans" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Clorur d'idrogèn" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chlorowod%C3%B3r" title="Chlorowodór – Pools" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Chlorowodór" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Pools" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4" title="Хлороводород – Russisch" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Хлороводород" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hlorovodonik" title="Hlorovodonik – Servo-Kroatisch" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Hlorovodonik" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Servo-Kroatisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrogen_chloride" title="Hydrogen chloride – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Hydrogen chloride" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chlorovod%C3%ADk" title="Chlorovodík – Slowaaks" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Chlorovodík" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slowaaks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vodikov_klorid" title="Vodikov klorid – Sloveens" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Vodikov klorid" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Sloveens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrogen_chloride" title="Hydrogen chloride – Shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Hydrogen chloride" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="Shona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acidi_klorhidrik" title="Acidi klorhidrik – Albanees" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Acidi klorhidrik" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Хлороводоник – Servisch" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Хлороводоник" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Servisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / 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hreflang="uk" data-title="Хлороводень" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Oekraïens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%81%D8%A7%D8%A6%DA%88%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AC%D9%86_%DA%A9%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A6%DA%88" title="ہائڈروجن کلورائڈ – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ہائڈروجن کلورائڈ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydro_chloride" title="Hydro chloride – Vietnamees" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Hydro chloride" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B0%AF%E5%8C%96%E6%B0%A2" title="氯化氢 – Wuyu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="氯化氢" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wuyu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B0%AF%E5%8C%96%E6%B0%A2" title="氯化氢 – Chinees" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="氯化氢" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B0%AF%E5%8C%96%E6%B0%AB" title="氯化氫 – Klassiek Chinees" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="氯化氫" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Klassiek Chinees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a 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font-size:120%;" colspan="3">Waterstofchloride </th></tr> <tr> <th class="infobox-kop notheme" style="background-color:#DDEEFF; color:inherit; text-align:center;" colspan="3">Structuurformule en molecuulmodel </th></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center; padding:0;" colspan="3"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Hydrogen-chloride-2D-dimensions.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Structuurformule van waterstofchloride" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Hydrogen-chloride-2D-dimensions.svg/150px-Hydrogen-chloride-2D-dimensions.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="84" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Hydrogen-chloride-2D-dimensions.svg/225px-Hydrogen-chloride-2D-dimensions.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Hydrogen-chloride-2D-dimensions.svg/300px-Hydrogen-chloride-2D-dimensions.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="951" data-file-height="532" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;" colspan="3"><div style="font-size:90%"><a href="/wiki/Structuurformule" title="Structuurformule">Structuurformule</a> van waterstofchloride</div> </td></tr> <tr> <th class="infobox-kop notheme" style="background-color:#DDEEFF; color:inherit; text-align:center;" colspan="3">Algemeen </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Molecuulformule" title="Molecuulformule">Molecuulformule</a> </th> <td colspan="2">HCl </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Molaire_massa" title="Molaire massa">Molmassa</a> </th> <td colspan="2">36,46 <a href="/wiki/Gram_(eenheid)" title="Gram (eenheid)">g</a>/<a href="/wiki/Mol_(eenheid)" title="Mol (eenheid)">mol</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/CAS-nummer" title="CAS-nummer">CAS-nummer</a> </th> <td colspan="2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=7647-01-0">7647-01-0</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/PubChem" title="PubChem">PubChem</a> </th> <td colspan="2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/summary/summary.cgi?cid=313">313</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Wikidata" title="Wikidata">Wikidata</a> </th> <td colspan="2"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q211086" class="extiw" title="d:Q211086">Q211086</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Beschrijving </th> <td colspan="2">Zeer corrosief kleurloos gas </td></tr> <tr> <th>Vergelijkbaar met </th> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Waterstoffluoride" title="Waterstoffluoride">waterstoffluoride</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th class="infobox-kop notheme" style="background-color:#DDEEFF; color:inherit;" colspan="3">Waarschuwingen en veiligheidsmaatregelen </th></tr> <tr> <td class="ta-center" colspan="3"><table align="center" style="border-style:none;"><tbody><tr><td style="margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;vertical-align:top;text-align:center;border-style:none;cell-padding:2px"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:GHS-pictogram-bottle.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Drukhouder"><img alt="Drukhouder" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/GHS-pictogram-bottle.svg/60px-GHS-pictogram-bottle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="60" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/GHS-pictogram-bottle.svg/90px-GHS-pictogram-bottle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/GHS-pictogram-bottle.svg/120px-GHS-pictogram-bottle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="724" data-file-height="724" /></a></span></td><td style="margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;vertical-align:top;text-align:center;border-style:none;cell-padding:2px"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:GHS-pictogram-acid.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Corrosief"><img alt="Corrosief" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/GHS-pictogram-acid.svg/60px-GHS-pictogram-acid.svg.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="60" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/GHS-pictogram-acid.svg/90px-GHS-pictogram-acid.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/GHS-pictogram-acid.svg/120px-GHS-pictogram-acid.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="724" data-file-height="724" /></a></span></td><td style="margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;vertical-align:top;text-align:center;border-style:none;cell-padding:2px"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:GHS-pictogram-skull.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Toxisch"><img alt="Toxisch" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/GHS-pictogram-skull.svg/60px-GHS-pictogram-skull.svg.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="60" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/GHS-pictogram-skull.svg/90px-GHS-pictogram-skull.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/GHS-pictogram-skull.svg/120px-GHS-pictogram-skull.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="724" data-file-height="724" /></a></span></td></tr></tbody></table><b>Gevaar</b> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/H-_en_P-zinnen" title="H- en P-zinnen">H-zinnen</a> </th> <td colspan="2"><abbr title="Veroorzaakt ernstige brandwonden.">H314</abbr> - <abbr title="Kan irritatie van de luchtwegen veroorzaken.">H335</abbr> </td></tr> <tr> <th><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/H-_en_P-zinnen" title="H- en P-zinnen">EUH-zinnen</a></span> </th> <td colspan="2"><i>geen</i> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/H-_en_P-zinnen" title="H- en P-zinnen">P-zinnen</a> </th> <td colspan="2"><abbr title="Inademing van stof/rook/gas/nevel/damp/spuitnevel vermijden.">P261</abbr> - <abbr title="Beschermende handschoenen/beschermende kleding/oogbescherming/gelaatsbescherming dragen.">P280</abbr> - <abbr title="Bij contact met de ogen: voorzichtig afspoelen met water gedurende een aantal minuten; contactlenzen verwijderen, indien mogelijk; blijven spoelen.">P305+P351+P338</abbr> - <abbr title="Onmiddellijk een antigifcentrum of een arts raadplegen.">P310</abbr> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/EG-Index-nummer" title="EG-Index-nummer">EG-Index-nummer</a> </th> <td colspan="2">231-595-7 </td></tr> <tr> <th class="infobox-kop notheme" style="background-color:#DDEEFF; color:inherit;" colspan="3">Fysische eigenschappen </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Aggregatietoestand" title="Aggregatietoestand">Aggregatietoestand</a> </th> <td colspan="2">gasvormig </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Kleur_(hoofdbetekenis)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kleur (hoofdbetekenis)">Kleur</a> </th> <td colspan="2">kleurloos </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Massadichtheid" title="Massadichtheid">Dichtheid</a> </th> <td colspan="2">(gas, 15°C) 1,534 g/L<br />(vloeistof, −85,0°C) 1,1906 g/cm³ </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Smeltpunt" title="Smeltpunt">Smeltpunt</a> </th> <td colspan="2">−114,8 °C </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Kookpunt" title="Kookpunt">Kookpunt</a> </th> <td colspan="2">−85,0 °C </td></tr> <tr> <th>Goed oplosbaar in </th> <td colspan="2">water </td></tr> <tr> <th><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Evenwichtsconstante" title="Evenwichtsconstante">Evenwichtsconstante(n)</a></span> </th> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Zuurconstante" title="Zuurconstante">p<i>K</i><sub>a</sub></a> = −8,0 </td></tr> <tr> <th class="infobox-kop notheme" style="background-color:#DDEEFF; color:inherit;" colspan="3"><small>Tenzij anders vermeld zijn <a href="/wiki/Standaardomstandigheden" title="Standaardomstandigheden">standaardomstandigheden</a> gebruikt (298,15 <a href="/wiki/Kelvin_(eenheid)" title="Kelvin (eenheid)">K</a> of 25 <a href="/wiki/Celsius" title="Celsius">°C</a>, 1 <a href="/wiki/Bar_(druk)" title="Bar (druk)">bar</a>).</small> </th></tr> <tr> <td class="infobox-kop notheme center" style="background-color:#DDEEFF; color:inherit;" colspan="3"> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"> <tbody><tr> <td style="vertical-align:middle;"><b>Portaal</b>  <span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Portal.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portaalicoon"><img alt="Portaalicoon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Portal.svg/22px-Portal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Portal.svg/33px-Portal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Portal.svg/44px-Portal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="36" data-file-height="32" /></a></span>   </td> <td class="ta-left"><b><a href="/wiki/Portaal:Scheikunde" title="Portaal:Scheikunde">Scheikunde</a> </b> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:HCl2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/HCl2.jpg/260px-HCl2.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="119" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/HCl2.jpg/390px-HCl2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/HCl2.jpg/520px-HCl2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="605" data-file-height="276" /></a><figcaption>Het <a href="/wiki/Infraroodspectrum_van_waterstofchloride" title="Infraroodspectrum van waterstofchloride">infraroodspectrum van waterstofchloride</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Waterstofchloride</b> is een <a href="/wiki/Anorganische_verbinding" title="Anorganische verbinding">anorganische verbinding</a> van <a href="/wiki/Waterstof_(element)" title="Waterstof (element)">waterstof</a> en <a href="/wiki/Chloor_(element)" title="Chloor (element)">chloor</a>, met als <a href="/wiki/Brutoformule" title="Brutoformule">brutoformule</a> HCl. Waterstofchloride is een <a href="/wiki/Waterstofhalogenide" title="Waterstofhalogenide">waterstofhalogenide</a>. In zuivere toestand is het een uiterst <a href="/wiki/Corrosief" title="Corrosief">corrosief</a> kleurloos <a href="/wiki/Gas_(aggregatietoestand)" title="Gas (aggregatietoestand)">gas</a>. Een <a href="/wiki/Waterige_oplossing" title="Waterige oplossing">waterige oplossing</a> van dit <a href="/wiki/Gas_(aggregatietoestand)" title="Gas (aggregatietoestand)">gas</a> wordt <a href="/wiki/Zoutzuur" title="Zoutzuur">zoutzuur</a> genoemd. Beide benamingen worden meestal door elkaar gebruikt, hoewel dit strikt genomen niet correct is. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Synthese">Synthese</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Waterstofchloride&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Synthese" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Waterstofchloride&action=edit&section=1" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Synthese"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Laboratoriumsynthese">Laboratoriumsynthese</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Waterstofchloride&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Laboratoriumsynthese" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Waterstofchloride&action=edit&section=2" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Laboratoriumsynthese"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In een <a href="/wiki/Laboratorium" title="Laboratorium">laboratorium</a> wordt waterstofchloride bereid uit <a href="/wiki/Natriumchloride" title="Natriumchloride">natriumchloride</a> (NaCl) en geconcentreerd <a href="/wiki/Zwavelzuur" title="Zwavelzuur">zwavelzuur</a> (H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>): </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {NaCl + H2SO4 -> NaHSO4 + HCl}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext>NaCl</mtext> <mo>+</mo> <msubsup> <mtext>H</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <msubsup> <mtext>SO</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>4</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mo stretchy="false">⟶</mo> <msubsup> <mtext>NaHSO</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>4</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mo>+</mo> <mtext>HCl</mtext> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {NaCl + H2SO4 -> NaHSO4 + HCl}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/7f58e54ad1f0a10d62be92cd0c0cd50419cc5441" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:35.831ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {NaCl + H2SO4 -> NaHSO4 + HCl}}}"></span></dd></dl> <p>Bij sterke verhitting kan ook het ontstane <a href="/wiki/Natriumwaterstofsulfaat" title="Natriumwaterstofsulfaat">natriumwaterstofsulfaat</a> nog waterstofchloride vrijmaken door verder te reageren tot <a href="/wiki/Natriumsulfaat" title="Natriumsulfaat">natriumsulfaat</a>. Dit proces kan doorgaan ondanks het feit dat waterstofchloride een sterker zuur is dan zwavelzuur. Dit is mogelijk omdat waterstofchloride gasvormig is en slecht oplosbaar is in zuiver zwavelzuur. HCl-gasbelletjes verdwijnen dus uit de oplossing en dit helpt, volgens het <a href="/wiki/Principe_van_Le_Chatelier" title="Principe van Le Chatelier">principe van Le Chatelier</a>, de reactie verder te laten verlopen. Het evenwicht wordt bijgevolg volledig naar rechts gedreven. Het ontstane gas, dat zeer <a href="/wiki/Corrosief" title="Corrosief">corrosief</a> is, wordt in zuiver water geleid, waarin het oplost. </p><p>Een alternatief is de reactie van natriumchloride met <a href="/wiki/Natriumwaterstofsulfaat" title="Natriumwaterstofsulfaat">natriumwaterstofsulfaat</a> bij 200°C: </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {NaCl + NaHSO4 -> Na2SO4 + HCl}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext>NaCl</mtext> <mo>+</mo> <msubsup> <mtext>NaHSO</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>4</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mo stretchy="false">⟶</mo> <msubsup> <mtext>Na</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <msubsup> <mtext>SO</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>4</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mo>+</mo> <mtext>HCl</mtext> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {NaCl + NaHSO4 -> Na2SO4 + HCl}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/1810de24b91da139efc571712ae504f6b5a055f6" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:36.993ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {NaCl + NaHSO4 -> Na2SO4 + HCl}}}"></span></dd></dl> <p>Daarnaast kan waterstofchloride bereid worden door de hydrolyse van reactieve chloorverbindingen, zoals <a href="/wiki/Fosforpentachloride" title="Fosforpentachloride">fosforpentachloride</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thionylchloride" title="Thionylchloride">thionylchloride</a> en <a href="/wiki/Acylchloride" title="Acylchloride">zuurchloriden</a>. </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {PCl5 + H2O -> POCl3 + 2 HCl}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msubsup> <mtext>PCl</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>5</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mo>+</mo> <msubsup> <mtext>H</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mtext>O</mtext> <mo stretchy="false">⟶</mo> <msubsup> <mtext>POCl</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mo>+</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mtext>HCl</mtext> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {PCl5 + H2O -> POCl3 + 2 HCl}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/68ccaacb5dcea93b249abaf263c1a89cb8f1f9a2" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:32.732ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {PCl5 + H2O -> POCl3 + 2 HCl}}}"></span></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Industriële_synthese"><span id="Industri.C3.ABle_synthese"></span>Industriële synthese</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Waterstofchloride&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Industriële synthese" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Waterstofchloride&action=edit&section=3" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Industriële synthese"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Op industriële schaal wordt uitgegaan van <a href="/wiki/Diwaterstof" title="Diwaterstof">waterstofgas</a> en <a href="/wiki/Dichloor" title="Dichloor">chloorgas</a>: </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {H2 + Cl2 -> 2 HCl}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msubsup> <mtext>H</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mo>+</mo> <msubsup> <mtext>Cl</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mo stretchy="false">⟶</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mtext>HCl</mtext> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {H2 + Cl2 -> 2 HCl}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/ea85b635ad6336a4de31289c9475603016d966bd" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:19.73ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {H2 + Cl2 -> 2 HCl}}}"></span></dd></dl> <p>Deze <a href="/wiki/Exotherme_reactie" class="mw-redirect" title="Exotherme reactie">exotherme reactie</a> is echter zeer riskant, omdat beide gassen gevaarlijk zijn: waterstofgas kan exploderen en chloorgas is zeer <a href="/wiki/Giftigheid" title="Giftigheid">toxisch</a> en corrosief. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Eigenschappen">Eigenschappen</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Waterstofchloride&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Eigenschappen" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Waterstofchloride&action=edit&section=4" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Eigenschappen"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="hatnote" style="margin-bottom:0.5em; padding:0.5em 0 0.5em 1.6em; font-size:95%;" role="note"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/1rightarrow_blue.svg/15px-1rightarrow_blue.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/1rightarrow_blue.svg/23px-1rightarrow_blue.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/1rightarrow_blue.svg/30px-1rightarrow_blue.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="480" /></span></span> <i>Zie <a href="/wiki/Zoutzuur" title="Zoutzuur">Zoutzuur</a> voor het hoofdartikel over dit onderwerp.</i></div> <p>Waterstofchloride is bij <a href="/wiki/Kamertemperatuur" title="Kamertemperatuur">kamertemperatuur</a> een gas, maar het is beter bekend als de geconcentreerde waterige oplossing (zoutzuur). De oplosbaarheid van waterstofchloride in water is bijzonder groot (wegens de hoge <a href="/wiki/Polarisatie_(scheikunde)" title="Polarisatie (scheikunde)">polariteit</a> van de binding) maar neemt bij verhoging van de <a href="/wiki/Temperatuur" title="Temperatuur">temperatuur</a> af. Een geconcentreerde oplossing bezit een <a href="/wiki/Molaire_concentratie" title="Molaire concentratie">molaire concentratie</a> van ongeveer 12 <a href="/wiki/Mol_(eenheid)" title="Mol (eenheid)">mol</a>/<a href="/wiki/Liter" title="Liter">L</a>, maar vormt bij verhitting een <a href="/wiki/Azeotroop" title="Azeotroop">azeotroop</a> met water (met een concentratie van 6 mol/L). De hoge oplosbaarheid kan verklaard worden door de <a href="/wiki/Zuur-basereactie" title="Zuur-basereactie">zuur-basereacties</a> die optreden wanneer waterstofchloride en water met elkaar in contact worden gebracht: </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {HCl + H2O -> H3O+ + Cl^-}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext>HCl</mtext> <mo>+</mo> <msubsup> <mtext>H</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mtext>O</mtext> <mo stretchy="false">⟶</mo> <msubsup> <mtext>H</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <msup> <mtext>O</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>+</mo> </mrow> </msup> <mo>+</mo> <msup> <mtext>Cl</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>−</mo> </mrow> </msup> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {HCl + H2O -> H3O+ + Cl^-}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/0d39435ae56e23f3dceb5d7faa9b5d9ef64462e4" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:29.402ex; height:3.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {HCl + H2O -> H3O+ + Cl^-}}}"></span></dd></dl> <p>Water, dat met een <a href="/wiki/Zuurconstante" title="Zuurconstante">p<i>K</i><sub>a</sub></a> van 16 een veel minder sterk zuur is dan waterstofchloride, wordt <a href="/wiki/Protonering" title="Protonering">geprotoneerd</a> tot het <a href="/wiki/Hydroxonium" title="Hydroxonium">hydroxonium</a>-<a href="/wiki/Ion_(deeltje)" title="Ion (deeltje)">ion</a>. Een gelijkaardige reactie is deze met <a href="/wiki/Alcohol_(stofklasse)" title="Alcohol (stofklasse)">alcoholen</a>, zoals <a href="/wiki/Methanol" title="Methanol">methanol</a>: </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {HCl + CH3OH -> CH3OH2+ + Cl^-}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext>HCl</mtext> <mo>+</mo> <msubsup> <mtext>CH</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mtext>OH</mtext> <mo stretchy="false">⟶</mo> <msubsup> <mtext>CH</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <msubsup> <mtext>OH</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>+</mo> </mrow> </msubsup> <mo>+</mo> <msup> <mtext>Cl</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>−</mo> </mrow> </msup> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {HCl + CH3OH -> CH3OH2+ + Cl^-}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/6668d0fc7a2e4a5662a39f333c446d56f01a6857" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:36.245ex; height:3.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {HCl + CH3OH -> CH3OH2+ + Cl^-}}}"></span></dd></dl> <p>Geconcentreerd zoutzuur is een <a href="/wiki/Sterk_zuur" title="Sterk zuur">sterk</a> <a href="/wiki/Anorganisch_zuur" title="Anorganisch zuur">anorganisch zuur</a> dat in tegenstelling tot <a href="/wiki/Salpeterzuur" title="Salpeterzuur">salpeterzuur</a> of <a href="/wiki/Zwavelzuur" title="Zwavelzuur">zwavelzuur</a> geen sterke <a href="/wiki/Oxidator" title="Oxidator">oxidator</a> is. In combinatie met salpeterzuur ontstaat wel een bijzonder sterke oxidator: <a href="/wiki/Koningswater" title="Koningswater">koningswater</a>. De actieve gevormde component in deze oplossing is <a href="/wiki/Nitrosylchloride" title="Nitrosylchloride">nitrosylchloride</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Toepassingen">Toepassingen</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Waterstofchloride&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Toepassingen" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Waterstofchloride&action=edit&section=5" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Toepassingen"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Waterstofchloride wordt enkel op industriële schaal in zuivere gasvormige toestand gebruikt. Het wordt ingezet bij de hydrochlorering van rubber en de productie van <a href="/wiki/Vinylchloride" title="Vinylchloride">vinyl-</a> en <a href="/wiki/Halogeenalkaan" title="Halogeenalkaan">alkylchloriden</a>. De productie van vinylchloride verloopt via de oxychlorering van <a href="/wiki/Etheen" title="Etheen">etheen</a>, waarbij <a href="/wiki/1,2-dichloorethaan" title="1,2-dichloorethaan">1,2-dichloorethaan</a> gevormd wordt: </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {2 H2C=CH2 + 4 HCl + O2 -> 2 C2H4Cl2 + 2 H2O}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <msubsup> <mtext>H</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mtext>C</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>=</mo> </mrow> <msubsup> <mtext>CH</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mo>+</mo> <mn>4</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mtext>HCl</mtext> <mo>+</mo> <msubsup> <mtext>O</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mo stretchy="false">⟶</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <msubsup> <mtext>C</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <msubsup> <mtext>H</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>4</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <msubsup> <mtext>Cl</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mo>+</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <msubsup> <mtext>H</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mtext>O</mtext> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {2 H2C=CH2 + 4 HCl + O2 -> 2 C2H4Cl2 + 2 H2O}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/be50fc963ac1878465688df8e588b9f3525d9dfc" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:51.019ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {2 H2C=CH2 + 4 HCl + O2 -> 2 C2H4Cl2 + 2 H2O}}}"></span></dd></dl> <p>Vervolgens wordt 1,2-dichloorethaan in een oven bij ongeveer 500°C <a href="/wiki/Kraken_(scheikunde)" title="Kraken (scheikunde)">gekraakt</a> tot vinylchloride en waterstofchloride: </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {C2H4Cl2->[500^{\circ }C]H2C=CHCl{}+HCl}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msubsup> <mtext>C</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <msubsup> <mtext>H</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>4</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <msubsup> <mtext>Cl</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-REL"> <mover> <mo>→</mo> <mpadded width="+0.611em" lspace="0.278em" voffset=".15em"> <msup> <mn>500</mn> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>∘</mo> </mrow> </msup> <mi>C</mi> </mpadded> </mover> </mrow> <msubsup> <mtext>H</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mtext>C</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>=</mo> </mrow> <mtext>CHCl</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> </mrow> <mo>+</mo> <mtext>HCl</mtext> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {C2H4Cl2->[500^{\circ }C]H2C=CHCl{}+HCl}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/3224c98b3db0542ebd0e652f5d804aedf47eaf48" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; margin-top: -0.429ex; width:35.007ex; height:4.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {C2H4Cl2->[500^{\circ }C]H2C=CHCl{}+HCl}}}"></span></dd></dl> <p>In de <a href="/wiki/Halfgeleider_(vastestoffysica)" title="Halfgeleider (vastestoffysica)">halfgeleiderindustrie</a> wordt waterstofchloride gebruikt bij het <a href="/wiki/Etsen" title="Etsen">etsen</a> van halfgeleiderkristallen en voor de zuivering van <a href="/wiki/Silicium" title="Silicium">silicium</a> door vorming van <a href="/wiki/Trichloorsilaan" title="Trichloorsilaan">trichloorsilaan</a>. </p><p>Waterstofchloride wordt commercieel verhandeld als oplossing in water (<a href="/wiki/Zoutzuur" title="Zoutzuur">zoutzuur</a>) en dit in verschillende concentraties (tot 12 mol/L of 38 massaprocent). Als zodanig wordt het meestal gebruikt in het <a href="/wiki/Laboratorium" title="Laboratorium">laboratorium</a>. Het gas zelf wordt soms ingezet bij de synthese van <a href="/wiki/Lewiszuur" title="Lewiszuur">lewiszuren</a> die absoluut droog moeten zijn. </p><p>Verder wordt HCl geproduceerd door pariëtale cellen van de maag waardoor er een zure omgeving ontstaat in de maag zelf. Dit is dan weer gunstig voor de vertering van eiwitten en vetten. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Zie_ook">Zie ook</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Waterstofchloride&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Zie ook" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Waterstofchloride&action=edit&section=6" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Zie ook"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hydrochloride" title="Hydrochloride">Hydrochloride</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Externe_link">Externe link</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Waterstofchloride&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Externe link" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Waterstofchloride&action=edit&section=7" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Externe link"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Nuvola_apps_important_yellow.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Nuvola_apps_important_yellow.svg/14px-Nuvola_apps_important_yellow.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Nuvola_apps_important_yellow.svg/21px-Nuvola_apps_important_yellow.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Nuvola_apps_important_yellow.svg/28px-Nuvola_apps_important_yellow.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="500" /></a></span> <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ilo.org/dyn/icsc/showcard.display?p_lang=en&p_card_id=0163">waterstofchloride</a></i> - <small><small><a href="/wiki/International_Chemical_Safety_Card" title="International Chemical Safety Card">International Chemical Safety Card</a></small></small></li> <li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r67679320">.mw-parser-output .taalaanduiding{font-family:sans-serif;font-size:85%;cursor:help;color:var(--color-subtle,#555)}.mw-parser-output .taalaanduiding span{border-bottom:1px dotted var(--color-subtle,#555)}</style><span class="taalaanduiding" title="Taal: Engels">(<span>en</span>) </span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gestis.dguv.de/data?name=001050&lang=en">Gegevens van <i>waterstofchloride</i></a> in de GESTIS-stoffendatabank van het IFA</li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r67837862">.mw-parser-output .navigatie{position:relative;clear:both;overflow:auto;margin:1em auto 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