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typography" data-v-afbff848 data-v-239cd353>Malcolm H. Kerr Carnegie Middle East Center</div></div><div class="center-info" data-v-afbff848><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" fill="none" viewBox="0 0 16 20" class="direction-ltr location-icon" data-v-afbff848 data-v-6fa14250><path fill="currentColor" d="M15.368 4.776a7.8 7.8 0 0 0-1.719-2.488A8 8 0 0 0 11.109.615 8.1 8.1 0 0 0 8 0a8.1 8.1 0 0 0-3.108.613 8 8 0 0 0-2.541 1.673A7.8 7.8 0 0 0 .632 4.774 7.6 7.6 0 0 0 0 7.828c0 1.518.363 3.03 1.077 4.488.575 1.172 1.377 2.314 2.388 3.4 1.726 1.854 3.537 2.987 4.051 3.29a.95.95 0 0 0 .964 0c.514-.303 2.324-1.436 4.051-3.29 1.01-1.084 1.813-2.228 2.387-3.4C15.637 10.86 16 9.351 16 7.83a7.6 7.6 0 0 0-.632-3.054M8 17.488c-1.417-.9-6.452-4.469-6.452-9.658a6.16 6.16 0 0 1 1.884-4.436A6.5 6.5 0 0 1 8 1.548c1.727 0 3.348.656 4.568 1.848a6.15 6.15 0 0 1 1.884 4.434c0 5.19-5.035 8.757-6.452 9.658M8 4.215a3.785 3.785 0 1 0 0 7.57 3.785 3.785 0 0 0 0-7.57m1.703 5.488A2.4 2.4 0 0 1 8 10.41a2.4 2.4 0 0 1-1.703-.706A2.4 2.4 0 0 1 5.59 8a2.4 2.4 0 0 1 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direction-ltr typography" data-v-afbff848 data-v-239cd353>Carnegie Endowment for International Peace</div></div><div class="center-info" data-v-afbff848><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" fill="none" viewBox="0 0 16 20" class="direction-ltr location-icon" data-v-afbff848 data-v-6fa14250><path fill="currentColor" d="M15.368 4.776a7.8 7.8 0 0 0-1.719-2.488A8 8 0 0 0 11.109.615 8.1 8.1 0 0 0 8 0a8.1 8.1 0 0 0-3.108.613 8 8 0 0 0-2.541 1.673A7.8 7.8 0 0 0 .632 4.774 7.6 7.6 0 0 0 0 7.828c0 1.518.363 3.03 1.077 4.488.575 1.172 1.377 2.314 2.388 3.4 1.726 1.854 3.537 2.987 4.051 3.29a.95.95 0 0 0 .964 0c.514-.303 2.324-1.436 4.051-3.29 1.01-1.084 1.813-2.228 2.387-3.4C15.637 10.86 16 9.351 16 7.83a7.6 7.6 0 0 0-.632-3.054M8 17.488c-1.417-.9-6.452-4.469-6.452-9.658a6.16 6.16 0 0 1 1.884-4.436A6.5 6.5 0 0 1 8 1.548c1.727 0 3.348.656 4.568 1.848a6.15 6.15 0 0 1 1.884 4.434c0 5.19-5.035 8.757-6.452 9.658M8 4.215a3.785 3.785 0 1 0 0 7.57 3.785 3.785 0 0 0 0-7.57m1.703 5.488A2.4 2.4 0 0 1 8 10.41a2.4 2.4 0 0 1-1.703-.706A2.4 2.4 0 0 1 5.59 8a2.4 2.4 0 0 1 .706-1.703A2.4 2.4 0 0 1 8 5.59c.643 0 1.247.25 1.703.706s.706 1.06.706 1.703-.25 1.247-.706 1.703"></path></svg><ul class="center-locations" data-v-afbff848><li class="label-small direction-ltr typography center-location" data-v-afbff848 data-v-239cd353>Washington DC, USA</li></ul></div></div></a></div></li><li data-v-649ad59d><div class="dropdown-menu-item center-menu-item" data-v-649ad59d data-v-16c7b6b1><a href="/china" class="anchor link" newtab="false" data-v-16c7b6b1><div class="center-preview" data-v-649ad59d data-v-afbff848><div class="center-title" data-v-afbff848><div class="body direction-ltr typography" data-v-afbff848 data-v-239cd353>Carnegie China</div></div><div class="center-info" data-v-afbff848><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" fill="none" viewBox="0 0 16 20" class="direction-ltr location-icon" data-v-afbff848 data-v-6fa14250><path fill="currentColor" d="M15.368 4.776a7.8 7.8 0 0 0-1.719-2.488A8 8 0 0 0 11.109.615 8.1 8.1 0 0 0 8 0a8.1 8.1 0 0 0-3.108.613 8 8 0 0 0-2.541 1.673A7.8 7.8 0 0 0 .632 4.774 7.6 7.6 0 0 0 0 7.828c0 1.518.363 3.03 1.077 4.488.575 1.172 1.377 2.314 2.388 3.4 1.726 1.854 3.537 2.987 4.051 3.29a.95.95 0 0 0 .964 0c.514-.303 2.324-1.436 4.051-3.29 1.01-1.084 1.813-2.228 2.387-3.4C15.637 10.86 16 9.351 16 7.83a7.6 7.6 0 0 0-.632-3.054M8 17.488c-1.417-.9-6.452-4.469-6.452-9.658a6.16 6.16 0 0 1 1.884-4.436A6.5 6.5 0 0 1 8 1.548c1.727 0 3.348.656 4.568 1.848a6.15 6.15 0 0 1 1.884 4.434c0 5.19-5.035 8.757-6.452 9.658M8 4.215a3.785 3.785 0 1 0 0 7.57 3.785 3.785 0 0 0 0-7.57m1.703 5.488A2.4 2.4 0 0 1 8 10.41a2.4 2.4 0 0 1-1.703-.706A2.4 2.4 0 0 1 5.59 8a2.4 2.4 0 0 1 .706-1.703A2.4 2.4 0 0 1 8 5.59c.643 0 1.247.25 1.703.706s.706 1.06.706 1.703-.25 1.247-.706 1.703"></path></svg><ul class="center-locations" data-v-afbff848><li class="label-small direction-ltr typography center-location" data-v-afbff848 data-v-239cd353>Activities in Singapore and Beijing, China</li></ul></div></div></a></div></li><li data-v-649ad59d><div class="dropdown-menu-item center-menu-item" data-v-649ad59d data-v-16c7b6b1><a href="/europe" class="anchor link" newtab="false" data-v-16c7b6b1><div class="center-preview" data-v-649ad59d data-v-afbff848><div class="center-title" data-v-afbff848><div class="body direction-ltr typography" data-v-afbff848 data-v-239cd353>Carnegie Europe</div></div><div class="center-info" data-v-afbff848><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" fill="none" viewBox="0 0 16 20" class="direction-ltr location-icon" data-v-afbff848 data-v-6fa14250><path fill="currentColor" d="M15.368 4.776a7.8 7.8 0 0 0-1.719-2.488A8 8 0 0 0 11.109.615 8.1 8.1 0 0 0 8 0a8.1 8.1 0 0 0-3.108.613 8 8 0 0 0-2.541 1.673A7.8 7.8 0 0 0 .632 4.774 7.6 7.6 0 0 0 0 7.828c0 1.518.363 3.03 1.077 4.488.575 1.172 1.377 2.314 2.388 3.4 1.726 1.854 3.537 2.987 4.051 3.29a.95.95 0 0 0 .964 0c.514-.303 2.324-1.436 4.051-3.29 1.01-1.084 1.813-2.228 2.387-3.4C15.637 10.86 16 9.351 16 7.83a7.6 7.6 0 0 0-.632-3.054M8 17.488c-1.417-.9-6.452-4.469-6.452-9.658a6.16 6.16 0 0 1 1.884-4.436A6.5 6.5 0 0 1 8 1.548c1.727 0 3.348.656 4.568 1.848a6.15 6.15 0 0 1 1.884 4.434c0 5.19-5.035 8.757-6.452 9.658M8 4.215a3.785 3.785 0 1 0 0 7.57 3.785 3.785 0 0 0 0-7.57m1.703 5.488A2.4 2.4 0 0 1 8 10.41a2.4 2.4 0 0 1-1.703-.706A2.4 2.4 0 0 1 5.59 8a2.4 2.4 0 0 1 .706-1.703A2.4 2.4 0 0 1 8 5.59c.643 0 1.247.25 1.703.706s.706 1.06.706 1.703-.25 1.247-.706 1.703"></path></svg><ul class="center-locations" data-v-afbff848><li class="label-small direction-ltr typography center-location" data-v-afbff848 data-v-239cd353>Brussels, Belgium</li></ul></div></div></a></div></li><li data-v-649ad59d><div class="dropdown-menu-item center-menu-item" data-v-649ad59d data-v-16c7b6b1><a href="/india" class="anchor link" newtab="false" data-v-16c7b6b1><div class="center-preview" data-v-649ad59d data-v-afbff848><div class="center-title" data-v-afbff848><div class="body direction-ltr typography" data-v-afbff848 data-v-239cd353>Carnegie India</div></div><div class="center-info" data-v-afbff848><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" fill="none" viewBox="0 0 16 20" class="direction-ltr location-icon" data-v-afbff848 data-v-6fa14250><path fill="currentColor" d="M15.368 4.776a7.8 7.8 0 0 0-1.719-2.488A8 8 0 0 0 11.109.615 8.1 8.1 0 0 0 8 0a8.1 8.1 0 0 0-3.108.613 8 8 0 0 0-2.541 1.673A7.8 7.8 0 0 0 .632 4.774 7.6 7.6 0 0 0 0 7.828c0 1.518.363 3.03 1.077 4.488.575 1.172 1.377 2.314 2.388 3.4 1.726 1.854 3.537 2.987 4.051 3.29a.95.95 0 0 0 .964 0c.514-.303 2.324-1.436 4.051-3.29 1.01-1.084 1.813-2.228 2.387-3.4C15.637 10.86 16 9.351 16 7.83a7.6 7.6 0 0 0-.632-3.054M8 17.488c-1.417-.9-6.452-4.469-6.452-9.658a6.16 6.16 0 0 1 1.884-4.436A6.5 6.5 0 0 1 8 1.548c1.727 0 3.348.656 4.568 1.848a6.15 6.15 0 0 1 1.884 4.434c0 5.19-5.035 8.757-6.452 9.658M8 4.215a3.785 3.785 0 1 0 0 7.57 3.785 3.785 0 0 0 0-7.57m1.703 5.488A2.4 2.4 0 0 1 8 10.41a2.4 2.4 0 0 1-1.703-.706A2.4 2.4 0 0 1 5.59 8a2.4 2.4 0 0 1 .706-1.703A2.4 2.4 0 0 1 8 5.59c.643 0 1.247.25 1.703.706s.706 1.06.706 1.703-.25 1.247-.706 1.703"></path></svg><ul class="center-locations" data-v-afbff848><li class="label-small direction-ltr typography center-location" data-v-afbff848 data-v-239cd353>New Delhi, India</li></ul></div></div></a></div></li><li data-v-649ad59d><div class="dropdown-menu-item center-menu-item" data-v-649ad59d data-v-16c7b6b1><a href="/russia-eurasia" class="anchor link" newtab="false" data-v-16c7b6b1><div class="center-preview" data-v-649ad59d data-v-afbff848><div class="center-title" data-v-afbff848><div class="body direction-ltr typography" data-v-afbff848 data-v-239cd353>Carnegie Russia Eurasia Center</div></div><div class="center-info" data-v-afbff848><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" fill="none" viewBox="0 0 16 20" class="direction-ltr location-icon" data-v-afbff848 data-v-6fa14250><path fill="currentColor" d="M15.368 4.776a7.8 7.8 0 0 0-1.719-2.488A8 8 0 0 0 11.109.615 8.1 8.1 0 0 0 8 0a8.1 8.1 0 0 0-3.108.613 8 8 0 0 0-2.541 1.673A7.8 7.8 0 0 0 .632 4.774 7.6 7.6 0 0 0 0 7.828c0 1.518.363 3.03 1.077 4.488.575 1.172 1.377 2.314 2.388 3.4 1.726 1.854 3.537 2.987 4.051 3.29a.95.95 0 0 0 .964 0c.514-.303 2.324-1.436 4.051-3.29 1.01-1.084 1.813-2.228 2.387-3.4C15.637 10.86 16 9.351 16 7.83a7.6 7.6 0 0 0-.632-3.054M8 17.488c-1.417-.9-6.452-4.469-6.452-9.658a6.16 6.16 0 0 1 1.884-4.436A6.5 6.5 0 0 1 8 1.548c1.727 0 3.348.656 4.568 1.848a6.15 6.15 0 0 1 1.884 4.434c0 5.19-5.035 8.757-6.452 9.658M8 4.215a3.785 3.785 0 1 0 0 7.57 3.785 3.785 0 0 0 0-7.57m1.703 5.488A2.4 2.4 0 0 1 8 10.41a2.4 2.4 0 0 1-1.703-.706A2.4 2.4 0 0 1 5.59 8a2.4 2.4 0 0 1 .706-1.703A2.4 2.4 0 0 1 8 5.59c.643 0 1.247.25 1.703.706s.706 1.06.706 1.703-.25 1.247-.706 1.703"></path></svg><ul class="center-locations" data-v-afbff848><li class="label-small direction-ltr typography center-location" data-v-afbff848 data-v-239cd353>Berlin, 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class="image-mobile" data-v-f479f335><div class="size-x-large" data-v-ec55b094 data-v-fb741989><span class="avatar" data-v-fb741989><img src="https://carnegie-production-assets.s3.amazonaws.com/static/media/avatars/ulgen_color_large-1.jpg" width="1397" height="2100" srcset sizes class="image" id="6574ac770f74e6e8e2bc33b5" mimetype="image/jpeg" __typename="Avatar" data-v-fb741989 data-v-753462ba></span></div></div></div><div class="header" data-v-f479f335><div class="name" data-v-f479f335><div class="h1-display direction-ltr typography heading" data-v-f479f335 data-v-239cd353>Sinan Ülgen</div><div class="image-tablet" data-v-f479f335><div class="size-x-large" data-v-ec55b094 data-v-fb741989><span class="avatar" data-v-fb741989><img src="https://carnegie-production-assets.s3.amazonaws.com/static/media/avatars/ulgen_color_large-1.jpg" width="1397" height="2100" srcset sizes class="image" id="6574ac770f74e6e8e2bc33b5" mimetype="image/jpeg" __typename="Avatar" data-v-fb741989 data-v-753462ba></span></div></div></div><div class="body-display-large-italic direction-ltr typography dek" data-v-f479f335 data-v-239cd353>Senior Fellow, Carnegie Europe</div><div class="body-style-serif-large theme-light size-50 rich-text-elements dek" data-v-f479f335 data-v-fedd3581></div></div></div></div><img src="https://carnegie-production-assets.s3.amazonaws.com/_nuxt/topographic.Cw31Keqa.svg" class="topographic-background" data-v-f479f335></section></div><div class="sub-hero" data-v-ec55b094><div class="sub-hero-content" data-v-ec55b094><div class="link-panel" data-v-ec55b094><div class="page-controls" data-v-ec55b094 data-v-4de03112><div class="layout" data-v-4de03112><div class="left" data-v-4de03112><div class="link-panel-left" data-v-ec55b094><button target="_blank" class="button-secondary theme-light size-regular icon-position-left button" data-v-ec55b094 style="" data-v-2387f140><span class="label direction-ltr typography label" data-v-2387f140 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data-v-ec55b094><div class="size-x-large avatar-desktop" data-v-ec55b094 data-v-fb741989><span class="avatar" data-v-fb741989><img src="https://carnegie-production-assets.s3.amazonaws.com/static/media/avatars/ulgen_color_large-1.jpg" width="1397" height="2100" srcset sizes class="image" id="6574ac770f74e6e8e2bc33b5" mimetype="image/jpeg" __typename="Avatar" data-v-fb741989 data-v-753462ba></span></div></div></div></div><section class="summary" data-v-ec55b094><div class="summary-content" data-v-ec55b094><h2 class="h3-display capitalize direction-ltr typography summary-heading" data-v-ec55b094 data-v-239cd353>about</h2><div class="summary-layout" data-v-ec55b094><div class="summary-left" data-v-ec55b094><div class="about" data-v-ec55b094><div class="hidden-content" data-v-ec55b094 data-v-526dfefe><div class="wrapper" data-v-526dfefe><div class="body-style-serif-large theme-light size-50 rich-text-elements" data-v-ec55b094 data-v-fedd3581><div class="rich-text" data-v-fedd3581><p>Sinan Ülgen is a senior fellow at Carnegie Europe in Brussels, where his research focuses on Turkish foreign policy, transatlantic relations, and international trade policy.</p></div><div class="rich-text" data-v-fedd3581><p>He is a founding partner of Istanbul Economics, a Turkish consulting firm that specializes in public and regulatory affairs, and chairman of the Center for Economics and Foreign Policy Studies, an independent think tank in Istanbul.</p></div><div class="rich-text" data-v-fedd3581><p>Ülgen has served in the Turkish Foreign Service in several capacities: in Ankara on the United Nations desk (1990–1992); in Brussels at the Turkish Permanent Delegation to the European Union (1992–1996); and at the Turkish embassy in Tripoli (1996).</p></div><div class="rich-text" data-v-fedd3581><p>He is a regular contributor to Turkish dailies, and his opinion pieces have been published in the <em>International New York Times</em>, the <em>Financial Times</em>, the <em>Wall Street Journal</em>, and <em>Le Figaro</em>. He was a member of the international security experts group set up by former NATO secretary general Anders Fogh Rasmussen and tasked with preparing a report on the transatlantic relationship in advance of NATO’s September 2014 summit.</p></div><div class="rich-text" data-v-fedd3581><p>Ülgen is the author of <em>Rewiring Globalisation</em> (Carnegie Europe, 2022), <em>Governing Cyberspace: A Road Map for Transatlantic Leadership</em> (Carnegie Europe, 2016), <em>Handbook of EU Negotiations</em> (Bilgi University Press, 2005), and <em>The European Transformation of Modern Turkey</em> with Kemal Derviş (Centre for European Policy Studies, 2004).</p></div></div></div><button class="button-tertiary theme-light size-regular icon-position-right button about-revealer" data-v-526dfefe style="" data-v-2387f140><span class="label direction-ltr typography label" data-v-2387f140 data-v-239cd353>read more</span></button></div></div></div><div class="summary-right" data-v-ec55b094><div class="credential-section" data-v-ec55b094><h6 class="label direction-ltr typography opacity-light eyebrow" data-v-ec55b094 data-v-55c50705 data-v-239cd353>affiliations</h6><div class="credential-layout" data-v-ec55b094><ul class="affiliations" data-v-ec55b094><li data-v-ec55b094><a href="/programs/nuclear-policy?center=middle-east" class="anchor" data-v-ec55b094><span class="body-display-large direction-ltr typography affiliation-label" data-v-ec55b094 data-v-239cd353>Nuclear Policy Program</span></a></li><li data-v-ec55b094><a href="/programs/technology-and-international-affairs?center=middle-east" class="anchor" data-v-ec55b094><span class="body-display-large direction-ltr typography affiliation-label" data-v-ec55b094 data-v-239cd353>Technology and International Affairs Program</span></a></li></ul></div></div><div class="credential-section" data-v-ec55b094><div class="credential-layout" data-v-ec55b094><div class="areas-of-expertise" data-v-ec55b094><h6 class="label direction-ltr typography opacity-light eyebrow" data-v-ec55b094 data-v-55c50705 data-v-239cd353>areas of expertise</h6><div class="tag-cluster" data-v-ec55b094 data-v-e2e75d3b><a href="/regions/turkiye?center=middle-east" class="anchor theme-light variant-default type-assist chip" data-v-e2e75d3b data-v-f81a6144><span class="label-sentence direction-ltr typography text" data-v-f81a6144 data-v-239cd353>Türkiye</span></a><a href="/topics/foreign-policy?center=middle-east" class="anchor theme-light variant-default type-assist chip" data-v-e2e75d3b data-v-f81a6144><span class="label-sentence direction-ltr typography text" data-v-f81a6144 data-v-239cd353>Foreign Policy</span></a><a href="/topics/eu?center=middle-east" class="anchor theme-light variant-default type-assist chip" data-v-e2e75d3b data-v-f81a6144><span class="label-sentence direction-ltr typography text" data-v-f81a6144 data-v-239cd353>EU</span></a><a href="/topics/security?center=middle-east" class="anchor theme-light variant-default type-assist chip" data-v-e2e75d3b data-v-f81a6144><span class="label-sentence direction-ltr typography text" data-v-f81a6144 data-v-239cd353>Security</span></a><a href="/topics/economy?center=middle-east" class="anchor theme-light variant-default type-assist chip" data-v-e2e75d3b data-v-f81a6144><span class="label-sentence direction-ltr typography text" data-v-f81a6144 data-v-239cd353>Economy</span></a><a href="/topics/migration?center=middle-east" class="anchor theme-light variant-default type-assist chip" data-v-e2e75d3b data-v-f81a6144><span class="label-sentence direction-ltr typography text" data-v-f81a6144 data-v-239cd353>Migration</span></a><a href="/regions/middle-east?center=middle-east" class="anchor theme-light variant-default type-assist chip" data-v-e2e75d3b data-v-f81a6144><span class="label-sentence direction-ltr typography text" data-v-f81a6144 data-v-239cd353>Middle East</span></a><a href="/regions/europe?center=middle-east" class="anchor theme-light variant-default type-assist chip" data-v-e2e75d3b data-v-f81a6144><span class="label-sentence direction-ltr typography text" data-v-f81a6144 data-v-239cd353>Europe</span></a></div></div></div></div><div class="credential-section" data-v-ec55b094><div class="education" data-v-ec55b094><h6 class="label direction-ltr typography opacity-light eyebrow" data-v-ec55b094 data-v-55c50705 data-v-239cd353>education</h6><span class="body-display-small direction-ltr typography" data-v-ec55b094 data-v-239cd353>MA, College of Europe, BS, University of Virginia </span></div><div class="languages" data-v-ec55b094><h6 class="label direction-ltr typography opacity-light eyebrow" data-v-ec55b094 data-v-55c50705 data-v-239cd353>languages</h6><span class="body-display-small direction-ltr typography" data-v-ec55b094 data-v-239cd353>English, French, Turkish</span></div></div></div></div></div></section><div class="content-index-tier index" data-v-ec55b094 data-v-0ec788be><div class="heading" data-v-0ec788be><div class="heading-wrapper" data-v-0ec788be><h2 class="h3-display direction-ltr typography title" data-v-0ec788be data-v-239cd353>All work from Sinan Ülgen</h2></div></div><div class="panel" data-v-0ec788be><div class="panel-inner" data-v-0ec788be><div class="search-filters index-filters" style="" data-v-0ec788be data-v-45e84e2b><div style="display:none;" class="mobile-filters-sticky" data-v-45e84e2b><span class="body-display-large direction-ltr typography mobile-filter-toggler-title" data-v-45e84e2b data-v-239cd353>All work from Sinan Ülgen</span><button class="button-tertiary theme-light size-regular icon-position-right button mobile-filters-toggle" data-v-45e84e2b style="" data-v-2387f140><span class="icon" data-v-2387f140><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="14" height="12" class="direction-ltr" data-v-45e84e2b data-v-6fa14250><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M13.482 3.093a2.593 2.593 0 0 1-5.067.777H.778a.778.778 0 0 1 0-1.555h7.637a2.594 2.594 0 0 1 5.067.778M10.889 4.13a1.037 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direction-ltr typography menu-label" data-v-3c1ea62f data-v-239cd353><div class="form-field checkbox" data-v-3c1ea62f data-v-32f48c67><span class="wrapper"><span class="content" data-v-32f48c67><input type="checkbox" class="checkbox" aria-label="Religion" id="m44n9k39t6wnwxw45sk" data-v-32f48c67><label class="label" data-v-32f48c67>Religion</label></span></span></div></span></div></li><li class="menu-item" data-v-3c1ea62f><div class="menu-content" data-v-3c1ea62f><span class="body direction-ltr typography menu-label" data-v-3c1ea62f data-v-239cd353><div class="form-field checkbox" data-v-3c1ea62f data-v-32f48c67><span class="wrapper"><span class="content" data-v-32f48c67><input type="checkbox" class="checkbox" aria-label="Security" id="m44n9k39fovme8n9j7o" data-v-32f48c67><label class="label" data-v-32f48c67>Security</label></span></span></div></span></div></li><li class="menu-item" data-v-3c1ea62f><div class="menu-content" data-v-3c1ea62f><span class="body direction-ltr typography menu-label" data-v-3c1ea62f data-v-239cd353><div class="form-field checkbox" data-v-3c1ea62f data-v-32f48c67><span class="wrapper"><span class="content" data-v-32f48c67><input type="checkbox" class="checkbox" aria-label="Technology" id="m44n9k398o36if0cbd9" data-v-32f48c67><label class="label" data-v-32f48c67>Technology</label></span></span></div></span></div></li><li class="menu-item" data-v-3c1ea62f><div class="menu-content" data-v-3c1ea62f><span class="body direction-ltr typography menu-label" data-v-3c1ea62f data-v-239cd353><div class="form-field checkbox" data-v-3c1ea62f data-v-32f48c67><span class="wrapper"><span class="content" data-v-32f48c67><input type="checkbox" class="checkbox" aria-label="Trade" id="m44n9k39a81s0blqoy" data-v-32f48c67><label class="label" data-v-32f48c67>Trade</label></span></span></div></span></div></li></ul></div></div></div><div class="is-in-flow-phone is-menu-relative dropdown-menu index-filter-menu filter" data-v-45e84e2b data-v-3c1ea62f data-v-56cfe9ad><div class="wrapper" data-v-56cfe9ad><button class="button" data-v-56cfe9ad><span class="label" data-v-56cfe9ad><span class="body capitalize direction-ltr typography filter-label" data-v-3c1ea62f data-v-239cd353>regions <span class="filter-count" data-v-3c1ea62f>(11)</span></span></span><div class="arrow-container" data-v-56cfe9ad><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="10" height="6" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" class="direction-ltr arrow" data-v-56cfe9ad data-v-6fa14250><path stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="1.5" d="M8.791.833 5 4.625 1.208.833"></path></svg></div></button><div style="display:none;" class="items" data-v-56cfe9ad><ul class="menu-items" data-v-3c1ea62f><li class="menu-item" data-v-3c1ea62f><div class="menu-content" data-v-3c1ea62f><span class="body direction-ltr typography menu-label" data-v-3c1ea62f data-v-239cd353><div class="form-field checkbox" data-v-3c1ea62f data-v-32f48c67><span class="wrapper"><span class="content" data-v-32f48c67><input type="checkbox" class="checkbox" aria-label="Asia" id="m44n9k39v5ujdag2bm" data-v-32f48c67><label class="label" data-v-32f48c67>Asia</label></span></span></div></span></div></li><li class="menu-item" data-v-3c1ea62f><div class="menu-content" data-v-3c1ea62f><span class="body direction-ltr typography menu-label" data-v-3c1ea62f data-v-239cd353><div class="form-field checkbox" data-v-3c1ea62f data-v-32f48c67><span class="wrapper"><span class="content" data-v-32f48c67><input type="checkbox" class="checkbox" aria-label="East Asia" id="m44n9k39kt1eaohaw9k" data-v-32f48c67><label class="label" data-v-32f48c67>East Asia</label></span></span></div><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="10" height="6" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" class="direction-ltr arrow" data-v-3c1ea62f data-v-6fa14250><path stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="1.5" d="M8.791.833 5 4.625 1.208.833"></path></svg></span></div></li><li class="menu-item" data-v-3c1ea62f><div class="menu-content" data-v-3c1ea62f><span class="body direction-ltr typography menu-label" data-v-3c1ea62f data-v-239cd353><div class="form-field checkbox" data-v-3c1ea62f data-v-32f48c67><span class="wrapper"><span class="content" data-v-32f48c67><input type="checkbox" class="checkbox" aria-label="Europe" id="m44n9k391ma7ulb21wk" data-v-32f48c67><label class="label" data-v-32f48c67>Europe</label></span></span></div><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="10" height="6" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" class="direction-ltr arrow" data-v-3c1ea62f data-v-6fa14250><path stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="1.5" d="M8.791.833 5 4.625 1.208.833"></path></svg></span></div></li><li class="menu-item" data-v-3c1ea62f><div class="menu-content" data-v-3c1ea62f><span class="body direction-ltr typography menu-label" data-v-3c1ea62f data-v-239cd353><div class="form-field checkbox" data-v-3c1ea62f data-v-32f48c67><span class="wrapper"><span class="content" data-v-32f48c67><input type="checkbox" class="checkbox" aria-label="Gulf" id="m44n9k3944w7ci8im7y" data-v-32f48c67><label class="label" data-v-32f48c67>Gulf</label></span></span></div><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="10" height="6" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" class="direction-ltr arrow" data-v-3c1ea62f data-v-6fa14250><path stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="1.5" d="M8.791.833 5 4.625 1.208.833"></path></svg></span></div></li><li class="menu-item" data-v-3c1ea62f><div class="menu-content" data-v-3c1ea62f><span class="body direction-ltr typography menu-label" data-v-3c1ea62f data-v-239cd353><div class="form-field checkbox" data-v-3c1ea62f data-v-32f48c67><span class="wrapper"><span class="content" data-v-32f48c67><input type="checkbox" class="checkbox" aria-label="Levant" id="m44n9k3a6sj5vbjfp6m" data-v-32f48c67><label class="label" data-v-32f48c67>Levant</label></span></span></div><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="10" height="6" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" class="direction-ltr arrow" data-v-3c1ea62f data-v-6fa14250><path stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="1.5" d="M8.791.833 5 4.625 1.208.833"></path></svg></span></div></li><li class="menu-item" data-v-3c1ea62f><div class="menu-content" data-v-3c1ea62f><span class="body direction-ltr typography menu-label" data-v-3c1ea62f data-v-239cd353><div class="form-field checkbox" data-v-3c1ea62f data-v-32f48c67><span class="wrapper"><span class="content" data-v-32f48c67><input type="checkbox" class="checkbox" aria-label="Maghreb" id="m44n9k3aokhtzt8p6t" data-v-32f48c67><label class="label" data-v-32f48c67>Maghreb</label></span></span></div><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="10" height="6" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" class="direction-ltr arrow" data-v-3c1ea62f data-v-6fa14250><path stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="1.5" d="M8.791.833 5 4.625 1.208.833"></path></svg></span></div></li><li class="menu-item" data-v-3c1ea62f><div class="menu-content" data-v-3c1ea62f><span class="body direction-ltr typography menu-label" data-v-3c1ea62f data-v-239cd353><div class="form-field checkbox" data-v-3c1ea62f data-v-32f48c67><span class="wrapper"><span class="content" data-v-32f48c67><input type="checkbox" class="checkbox" aria-label="North Africa" id="m44n9k3a1f3rm86itit" data-v-32f48c67><label class="label" data-v-32f48c67>North Africa</label></span></span></div><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="10" height="6" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" class="direction-ltr arrow" data-v-3c1ea62f data-v-6fa14250><path stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="1.5" d="M8.791.833 5 4.625 1.208.833"></path></svg></span></div></li><li class="menu-item" data-v-3c1ea62f><div class="menu-content" data-v-3c1ea62f><span class="body direction-ltr typography menu-label" data-v-3c1ea62f data-v-239cd353><div class="form-field checkbox" data-v-3c1ea62f data-v-32f48c67><span class="wrapper"><span class="content" data-v-32f48c67><input type="checkbox" class="checkbox" aria-label="North America" id="m44n9k3a0ewsxc8i26um" data-v-32f48c67><label class="label" data-v-32f48c67>North America</label></span></span></div><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="10" height="6" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" class="direction-ltr arrow" data-v-3c1ea62f data-v-6fa14250><path stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="1.5" d="M8.791.833 5 4.625 1.208.833"></path></svg></span></div></li><li class="menu-item" data-v-3c1ea62f><div class="menu-content" data-v-3c1ea62f><span class="body direction-ltr typography menu-label" data-v-3c1ea62f data-v-239cd353><div class="form-field checkbox" data-v-3c1ea62f data-v-32f48c67><span class="wrapper"><span class="content" data-v-32f48c67><input type="checkbox" class="checkbox" aria-label="Russia and Eurasia" id="m44n9k3aes6l6lvofgf" data-v-32f48c67><label class="label" data-v-32f48c67>Russia and Eurasia</label></span></span></div><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="10" height="6" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" class="direction-ltr arrow" data-v-3c1ea62f data-v-6fa14250><path stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="1.5" d="M8.791.833 5 4.625 1.208.833"></path></svg></span></div></li><li class="menu-item" data-v-3c1ea62f><div class="menu-content" data-v-3c1ea62f><span class="body direction-ltr typography menu-label" data-v-3c1ea62f data-v-239cd353><div class="form-field checkbox" data-v-3c1ea62f data-v-32f48c67><span class="wrapper"><span class="content" data-v-32f48c67><input type="checkbox" class="checkbox" aria-label="South Asia" id="m44n9k3atszr62b6i99" data-v-32f48c67><label class="label" data-v-32f48c67>South Asia</label></span></span></div><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="10" height="6" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" class="direction-ltr arrow" data-v-3c1ea62f data-v-6fa14250><path stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="1.5" d="M8.791.833 5 4.625 1.208.833"></path></svg></span></div></li><li class="menu-item" data-v-3c1ea62f><div class="menu-content" data-v-3c1ea62f><span class="body direction-ltr typography menu-label" data-v-3c1ea62f data-v-239cd353><div class="form-field checkbox" data-v-3c1ea62f data-v-32f48c67><span class="wrapper"><span class="content" data-v-32f48c67><input type="checkbox" class="checkbox" aria-label="Southern, Eastern, and Western Africa" id="m44n9k3a79956tyx2fw" data-v-32f48c67><label class="label" data-v-32f48c67>Southern, Eastern, and Western Africa</label></span></span></div><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="10" height="6" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" class="direction-ltr arrow" data-v-3c1ea62f data-v-6fa14250><path stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="1.5" d="M8.791.833 5 4.625 1.208.833"></path></svg></span></div></li></ul></div></div></div><div class="is-in-flow-phone is-menu-relative dropdown-menu index-filter-menu filter" data-v-45e84e2b data-v-3c1ea62f data-v-56cfe9ad><div class="wrapper" data-v-56cfe9ad><button class="button" data-v-56cfe9ad><span class="label" data-v-56cfe9ad><span class="body capitalize direction-ltr typography filter-label" data-v-3c1ea62f data-v-239cd353>years <span class="filter-count" data-v-3c1ea62f>(22)</span></span></span><div class="arrow-container" data-v-56cfe9ad><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="10" height="6" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" class="direction-ltr arrow" data-v-56cfe9ad data-v-6fa14250><path stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="1.5" d="M8.791.833 5 4.625 1.208.833"></path></svg></div></button><div style="display:none;" class="items" data-v-56cfe9ad><ul class="menu-items" data-v-3c1ea62f><li class="menu-item" data-v-3c1ea62f><div class="menu-content" data-v-3c1ea62f><span class="body direction-ltr typography menu-label" data-v-3c1ea62f data-v-239cd353><div class="form-field checkbox" data-v-3c1ea62f data-v-32f48c67><span class="wrapper"><span class="content" data-v-32f48c67><input type="checkbox" class="checkbox" aria-label="2024" id="m44n9k3aw68x1p6boq" data-v-32f48c67><label class="label" data-v-32f48c67>2024</label></span></span></div></span></div></li><li class="menu-item" data-v-3c1ea62f><div class="menu-content" data-v-3c1ea62f><span class="body direction-ltr typography menu-label" data-v-3c1ea62f data-v-239cd353><div class="form-field checkbox" data-v-3c1ea62f data-v-32f48c67><span class="wrapper"><span class="content" data-v-32f48c67><input type="checkbox" class="checkbox" aria-label="2023" id="m44n9k3ajs8irnu7zq" data-v-32f48c67><label class="label" data-v-32f48c67>2023</label></span></span></div></span></div></li><li class="menu-item" data-v-3c1ea62f><div class="menu-content" data-v-3c1ea62f><span class="body direction-ltr typography menu-label" data-v-3c1ea62f data-v-239cd353><div class="form-field checkbox" data-v-3c1ea62f data-v-32f48c67><span class="wrapper"><span class="content" data-v-32f48c67><input type="checkbox" class="checkbox" aria-label="2022" id="m44n9k3a30x5iejes69" data-v-32f48c67><label class="label" data-v-32f48c67>2022</label></span></span></div></span></div></li><li class="menu-item" data-v-3c1ea62f><div class="menu-content" data-v-3c1ea62f><span class="body direction-ltr typography menu-label" data-v-3c1ea62f data-v-239cd353><div class="form-field checkbox" data-v-3c1ea62f data-v-32f48c67><span class="wrapper"><span class="content" data-v-32f48c67><input type="checkbox" class="checkbox" aria-label="2021" id="m44n9k3apvlgd6mbqhc" data-v-32f48c67><label class="label" data-v-32f48c67>2021</label></span></span></div></span></div></li><li class="menu-item" data-v-3c1ea62f><div class="menu-content" data-v-3c1ea62f><span class="body direction-ltr typography menu-label" data-v-3c1ea62f data-v-239cd353><div class="form-field checkbox" data-v-3c1ea62f data-v-32f48c67><span class="wrapper"><span class="content" data-v-32f48c67><input type="checkbox" class="checkbox" aria-label="2020" id="m44n9k3arblo1nter8" data-v-32f48c67><label class="label" data-v-32f48c67>2020</label></span></span></div></span></div></li><li class="menu-item" data-v-3c1ea62f><div class="menu-content" data-v-3c1ea62f><span class="body direction-ltr typography menu-label" data-v-3c1ea62f data-v-239cd353><div class="form-field checkbox" data-v-3c1ea62f data-v-32f48c67><span class="wrapper"><span class="content" data-v-32f48c67><input type="checkbox" class="checkbox" aria-label="2019" id="m44n9k3a3566idvqk1" data-v-32f48c67><label class="label" data-v-32f48c67>2019</label></span></span></div></span></div></li><li class="menu-item" data-v-3c1ea62f><div class="menu-content" data-v-3c1ea62f><span class="body direction-ltr typography menu-label" data-v-3c1ea62f data-v-239cd353><div class="form-field checkbox" data-v-3c1ea62f data-v-32f48c67><span class="wrapper"><span class="content" data-v-32f48c67><input type="checkbox" class="checkbox" aria-label="2018" id="m44n9k3atyhcg5308yg" data-v-32f48c67><label class="label" data-v-32f48c67>2018</label></span></span></div></span></div></li><li class="menu-item" data-v-3c1ea62f><div class="menu-content" data-v-3c1ea62f><span class="body direction-ltr typography menu-label" data-v-3c1ea62f data-v-239cd353><div class="form-field checkbox" data-v-3c1ea62f data-v-32f48c67><span class="wrapper"><span class="content" data-v-32f48c67><input type="checkbox" class="checkbox" aria-label="2017" id="m44n9k3a0na2l1w36iul" data-v-32f48c67><label class="label" data-v-32f48c67>2017</label></span></span></div></span></div></li><li class="menu-item" data-v-3c1ea62f><div class="menu-content" data-v-3c1ea62f><span class="body direction-ltr typography menu-label" data-v-3c1ea62f data-v-239cd353><div class="form-field checkbox" data-v-3c1ea62f data-v-32f48c67><span class="wrapper"><span class="content" data-v-32f48c67><input type="checkbox" class="checkbox" aria-label="2016" id="m44n9k3as0rqrlflw9" data-v-32f48c67><label class="label" data-v-32f48c67>2016</label></span></span></div></span></div></li><li class="menu-item" data-v-3c1ea62f><div class="menu-content" data-v-3c1ea62f><span class="body direction-ltr typography menu-label" data-v-3c1ea62f data-v-239cd353><div class="form-field checkbox" data-v-3c1ea62f data-v-32f48c67><span class="wrapper"><span class="content" data-v-32f48c67><input type="checkbox" class="checkbox" aria-label="2015" id="m44n9k3abiir8bv49" data-v-32f48c67><label class="label" data-v-32f48c67>2015</label></span></span></div></span></div></li><li class="menu-item" data-v-3c1ea62f><div class="menu-content" data-v-3c1ea62f><span class="body direction-ltr typography menu-label" data-v-3c1ea62f data-v-239cd353><div class="form-field checkbox" data-v-3c1ea62f data-v-32f48c67><span class="wrapper"><span class="content" data-v-32f48c67><input type="checkbox" class="checkbox" aria-label="2014" id="m44n9k3af2r15hna0kc" data-v-32f48c67><label class="label" data-v-32f48c67>2014</label></span></span></div></span></div></li><li class="menu-item" data-v-3c1ea62f><div class="menu-content" data-v-3c1ea62f><span class="body direction-ltr typography menu-label" data-v-3c1ea62f data-v-239cd353><div class="form-field checkbox" data-v-3c1ea62f data-v-32f48c67><span class="wrapper"><span class="content" data-v-32f48c67><input type="checkbox" class="checkbox" aria-label="2013" id="m44n9k3a8hh7qboara4" data-v-32f48c67><label class="label" data-v-32f48c67>2013</label></span></span></div></span></div></li><li class="menu-item" data-v-3c1ea62f><div class="menu-content" data-v-3c1ea62f><span class="body direction-ltr typography menu-label" data-v-3c1ea62f data-v-239cd353><div class="form-field checkbox" data-v-3c1ea62f data-v-32f48c67><span class="wrapper"><span class="content" data-v-32f48c67><input type="checkbox" class="checkbox" aria-label="2012" id="m44n9k3a7mdr5bwhmhp" data-v-32f48c67><label class="label" data-v-32f48c67>2012</label></span></span></div></span></div></li><li class="menu-item" data-v-3c1ea62f><div class="menu-content" data-v-3c1ea62f><span class="body direction-ltr typography menu-label" data-v-3c1ea62f data-v-239cd353><div class="form-field checkbox" data-v-3c1ea62f data-v-32f48c67><span class="wrapper"><span class="content" data-v-32f48c67><input type="checkbox" class="checkbox" aria-label="2011" id="m44n9k3aptd4fd9zwpt" data-v-32f48c67><label class="label" data-v-32f48c67>2011</label></span></span></div></span></div></li><li class="menu-item" data-v-3c1ea62f><div class="menu-content" data-v-3c1ea62f><span class="body direction-ltr typography menu-label" data-v-3c1ea62f data-v-239cd353><div class="form-field checkbox" data-v-3c1ea62f data-v-32f48c67><span class="wrapper"><span class="content" data-v-32f48c67><input type="checkbox" class="checkbox" aria-label="2010" id="m44n9k3ax2f5jzp6sqd" data-v-32f48c67><label class="label" data-v-32f48c67>2010</label></span></span></div></span></div></li><li class="menu-item" data-v-3c1ea62f><div class="menu-content" data-v-3c1ea62f><span class="body direction-ltr typography menu-label" data-v-3c1ea62f data-v-239cd353><div class="form-field checkbox" data-v-3c1ea62f data-v-32f48c67><span class="wrapper"><span class="content" data-v-32f48c67><input type="checkbox" class="checkbox" aria-label="2009" id="m44n9k3asvn6la3iz9" data-v-32f48c67><label class="label" data-v-32f48c67>2009</label></span></span></div></span></div></li><li class="menu-item" data-v-3c1ea62f><div class="menu-content" data-v-3c1ea62f><span class="body direction-ltr typography menu-label" data-v-3c1ea62f data-v-239cd353><div class="form-field checkbox" data-v-3c1ea62f data-v-32f48c67><span class="wrapper"><span class="content" data-v-32f48c67><input type="checkbox" class="checkbox" aria-label="2008" id="m44n9k3a4bsed5grm9h" data-v-32f48c67><label class="label" data-v-32f48c67>2008</label></span></span></div></span></div></li><li class="menu-item" data-v-3c1ea62f><div class="menu-content" data-v-3c1ea62f><span class="body direction-ltr typography menu-label" data-v-3c1ea62f data-v-239cd353><div class="form-field checkbox" data-v-3c1ea62f data-v-32f48c67><span class="wrapper"><span class="content" data-v-32f48c67><input type="checkbox" class="checkbox" aria-label="2007" id="m44n9k3a7x9rkn04vzl" data-v-32f48c67><label class="label" data-v-32f48c67>2007</label></span></span></div></span></div></li><li class="menu-item" data-v-3c1ea62f><div class="menu-content" data-v-3c1ea62f><span class="body direction-ltr typography menu-label" data-v-3c1ea62f data-v-239cd353><div class="form-field checkbox" data-v-3c1ea62f data-v-32f48c67><span class="wrapper"><span class="content" data-v-32f48c67><input type="checkbox" class="checkbox" aria-label="2006" id="m44n9k3afvjgwkw1lia" data-v-32f48c67><label class="label" data-v-32f48c67>2006</label></span></span></div></span></div></li><li class="menu-item" data-v-3c1ea62f><div class="menu-content" data-v-3c1ea62f><span class="body direction-ltr typography menu-label" data-v-3c1ea62f data-v-239cd353><div class="form-field checkbox" data-v-3c1ea62f data-v-32f48c67><span class="wrapper"><span class="content" data-v-32f48c67><input type="checkbox" class="checkbox" aria-label="2005" id="m44n9k3al8l1l8bgx3" data-v-32f48c67><label class="label" data-v-32f48c67>2005</label></span></span></div></span></div></li><li class="menu-item" data-v-3c1ea62f><div class="menu-content" data-v-3c1ea62f><span class="body direction-ltr typography menu-label" data-v-3c1ea62f data-v-239cd353><div class="form-field checkbox" data-v-3c1ea62f data-v-32f48c67><span class="wrapper"><span class="content" data-v-32f48c67><input type="checkbox" class="checkbox" aria-label="2004" id="m44n9k3az1g8bm41p6t" data-v-32f48c67><label class="label" data-v-32f48c67>2004</label></span></span></div></span></div></li><li class="menu-item" data-v-3c1ea62f><div class="menu-content" data-v-3c1ea62f><span class="body direction-ltr typography menu-label" data-v-3c1ea62f data-v-239cd353><div class="form-field checkbox" data-v-3c1ea62f data-v-32f48c67><span class="wrapper"><span class="content" data-v-32f48c67><input type="checkbox" class="checkbox" aria-label="2003" id="m44n9k3awoq0yct75y" data-v-32f48c67><label class="label" data-v-32f48c67>2003</label></span></span></div></span></div></li></ul></div></div></div></div><div class="chips-controls-wrapper" data-v-45e84e2b><div class="mobile-filter-controls" data-v-45e84e2b><button class="button-tertiary theme-light size-regular icon-position-right button" data-v-45e84e2b style="" data-v-2387f140><span class="label direction-ltr typography label" data-v-2387f140 data-v-239cd353>Clear</span></button><button class="button-primary theme-light size-regular icon-position-right button" data-v-45e84e2b style="" data-v-2387f140><span class="label direction-ltr typography label" data-v-2387f140 data-v-239cd353>See Results</span></button></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="results" data-v-0ec788be><div class="results-inner" data-v-0ec788be><span class="label-small direction-ltr typography result-count" data-v-0ec788be data-v-239cd353>257 Results</span><div class="context-inline size-50 orientation-wide background-color-grey content-card-block result" data-v-ec55b094 data-v-1142257d><div class="main" data-v-1142257d><div class="visual" data-v-1142257d><a href="/europe/strategic-europe/2024/11/europes-fledgling-economic-statecraft-and-the-trump-challenge?lang=en&center=middle-east" class="anchor" data-v-1142257d><img src="/static/media/images/EU-European-Parliament-President-vonderLeyen-speech-GettyImages-2186493068%20(1).jpg" alt width="1420" height="770" srcset sizes class="image commentary image" id="67485756d68c7ee60cbe3d40" data-v-1142257d data-v-753462ba></a></div><div class="theme-light content-summary summary" data-v-1142257d data-v-537d1ed4><div class="summary-wrapper" data-v-537d1ed4><div class="meta" data-v-537d1ed4><div class="--blue type-label type-label" data-v-537d1ed4 data-v-e1c4de89><span class="label-small direction-ltr typography text" data-v-e1c4de89 data-v-239cd353>commentary</span></div><div class="meta-right" data-v-537d1ed4><div class="attributions-wrapper" data-v-537d1ed4 data-v-5bc4ee8d><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24" fill="none" class="direction-ltr logo" data-v-5bc4ee8d data-v-6fa14250><circle cx="12" cy="12" r="12" fill="#00365E"></circle><path fill="#FCDE00" d="m12.03 3.84.297.913h.957l-.776.562.297.913-.775-.561-.776.561.297-.913-.776-.562h.957zM12.03 17.767l.297.913h.957l-.776.567.297.913-.775-.566-.776.566.297-.913-.776-.567h.957zM15.407 16.843l.297.913h.957l-.775.561.297.913-.776-.566-.781.566.297-.913-.775-.561h.962zM8.488 16.843l.297.913h.957l-.775.561.297.913-.776-.566-.776.566.297-.913-.775-.561h.957zM15.407 4.781l.297.914h.957l-.775.56.297.92-.776-.567-.781.567.297-.92-.775-.56h.962zM8.488 4.781l.297.914h.957l-.775.56.297.92-.776-.567-.776.567.297-.92-.775-.56h.957zM6.04 14.306l.298.913H7.3l-.781.567.297.914-.776-.567-.775.567.297-.914-.776-.567h.957zM18.02 14.306l.297.913h.963l-.781.567.297.914-.776-.567-.775.567.297-.914-.776-.567h.957zM6.04 7.4l.298.913H7.3l-.781.562.297.913-.776-.567-.775.567.297-.913-.776-.562h.957zM5.094 10.8l.297.908h.963l-.776.567.292.913-.776-.56-.775.56.297-.913-.776-.567h.957zM18.907 10.8l.297.908h.957l-.776.567.297.913-.775-.56-.776.56.291-.913-.775-.567h.963zM18.02 7.4l.297.913h.963l-.781.562.297.913-.776-.567-.775.567.297-.913-.776-.562h.957z"></path></svg><div class="contentCard attributions-list" data-v-5bc4ee8d><span class="label-small direction-ltr typography title" data-v-5bc4ee8d data-v-239cd353><a href="/europe/strategic-europe" class="anchor attribution-label" data-v-5bc4ee8d>Strategic Europe</a></span></div></div></div></div><a href="/europe/strategic-europe/2024/11/europes-fledgling-economic-statecraft-and-the-trump-challenge?lang=en&center=middle-east" class="anchor" data-v-537d1ed4><div class="heading" data-v-537d1ed4><div class="h5 direction-ltr typography heading" data-v-1142257d data-v-239cd353>Europe’s Fledgling Economic Statecraft and the Trump Challenge</div></div></a><div class="description" data-v-537d1ed4><div class="body-style-serif-small theme-light size-50 rich-text-elements description" data-v-1142257d data-v-fedd3581><div class="rich-text" data-v-fedd3581><p>Donald Trump’s victory underscores the need for the EU to rethink its political economic model. As it adapts its policies, the union must recognize the trade-offs between its quest for economic security and its global identity as a champion of the rules-based order.</p></div></div></div><div class="last-row credits" data-v-537d1ed4><div class="theme-light avatar-set" data-v-537d1ed4 data-v-0771b5f3><ul class="avatars" data-v-0771b5f3><li class="person" data-v-0771b5f3><div class="size-small avatar" data-v-0771b5f3 data-v-fb741989><span class="avatar" data-v-fb741989><a href="/people/rosa-balfour?center=middle-east" class="anchor avatar-link" data-v-fb741989><img src="/static/media/avatars/Rosa-Balfour-CEIP-00246.jpg" alt width="1000" height="1500" srcset sizes class="image desaturate" id="66196cf33aac96dcad5beed9" data-v-fb741989 data-v-753462ba></a></span></div></li><li class="person" data-v-0771b5f3><div class="size-small avatar" data-v-0771b5f3 data-v-fb741989><span class="avatar" data-v-fb741989><a href="/people/sinan-ulgen?center=middle-east" class="anchor avatar-link" data-v-fb741989><img src="/static/media/avatars/ulgen_color_large-1.jpg" alt width="1397" height="2100" srcset sizes class="image desaturate" id="6574ac770f74e6e8e2bc33b5" data-v-fb741989 data-v-753462ba></a></span></div></li></ul><ul class="names" data-v-0771b5f3><li class="name" data-v-0771b5f3><span class="body-micro direction-ltr typography" data-v-0771b5f3 data-v-239cd353><a href="/people/rosa-balfour?center=middle-east" class="anchor" data-v-0771b5f3>Rosa Balfour</a>, </span></li><li class="name" data-v-0771b5f3><span class="body-micro direction-ltr typography" data-v-0771b5f3 data-v-239cd353><a href="/people/sinan-ulgen?center=middle-east" class="anchor" data-v-0771b5f3>Sinan Ülgen</a></span></li></ul></div><span class="body-micro direction-ltr typography publication-date" data-v-537d1ed4 data-v-239cd353>· November 28, 2024</span></div></div></div></div></div><div class="context-inline size-50 orientation-wide background-color-grey content-card-block result" data-v-ec55b094 data-v-1142257d><div class="main" data-v-1142257d><div class="visual" data-v-1142257d><a href="/events/2024/11/the-strategic-shift-in-europes-economic-statecraft?lang=en&center=middle-east" class="anchor" data-v-1142257d><img src="/static/media/images/iStock-1273936451_duo_1420x770.jpg" alt width="1420" height="770" srcset sizes class="image event image" id="673b55f4415f6ae4d8c25c9a" data-v-1142257d data-v-753462ba></a></div><div class="theme-light content-summary summary" data-v-1142257d data-v-537d1ed4><div class="summary-wrapper" data-v-537d1ed4><div class="meta" data-v-537d1ed4><div class="--purple type-label type-label" data-v-537d1ed4 data-v-e1c4de89><span class="label-small direction-ltr typography text" data-v-e1c4de89 data-v-239cd353>event</span></div><div class="meta-right" data-v-537d1ed4><div class="attributions-wrapper" data-v-537d1ed4 data-v-5bc4ee8d><div class="contentCard attributions-list" data-v-5bc4ee8d><span class="label-small direction-ltr typography title" data-v-5bc4ee8d data-v-239cd353></span></div></div></div></div><a href="/events/2024/11/the-strategic-shift-in-europes-economic-statecraft?lang=en&center=middle-east" class="anchor" data-v-537d1ed4><div class="heading" data-v-537d1ed4><div class="h5 direction-ltr typography heading" data-v-1142257d data-v-239cd353>The Strategic Shift in Europe’s Economic Statecraft</div></div></a><div class="date-time" data-v-537d1ed4><div class="date" data-v-537d1ed4><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="12" height="12" fill="none" class="direction-ltr" data-v-537d1ed4 data-v-6fa14250><path fill="currentColor" fill-rule="evenodd" d="M9 1.08h2.52a.48.48 0 0 1 .48.48v9.96a.48.48 0 0 1-.48.48H.48a.48.48 0 0 1-.48-.48V1.56a.48.48 0 0 1 .48-.48H3V.12A.12.12 0 0 1 3.12 0h.84a.12.12 0 0 1 .12.12v.96h3.84V.12A.12.12 0 0 1 8.04 0h.84A.12.12 0 0 1 9 .12zm-7.92 9.84h9.84v-5.7H1.08zm0-8.76V4.2h9.84V2.16H9v.72a.12.12 0 0 1-.12.12h-.84a.12.12 0 0 1-.12-.12v-.72H4.08v.72a.12.12 0 0 1-.12.12h-.84A.12.12 0 0 1 3 2.88v-.72zm8.253 4.507H6.667v2.666h2.666z" clip-rule="evenodd"></path></svg><span class="body direction-ltr typography" data-v-537d1ed4 data-v-239cd353>November 26, 2024</span></div></div><div class="description" data-v-537d1ed4><div class="body-style-serif-small theme-light size-50 rich-text-elements description" data-v-1142257d data-v-fedd3581><div class="rich-text" data-v-fedd3581><p>In recent years, trade wars, geopolitical competition, and the weaponization of interdependence have emerged as threats to Europe’s economic security. To boost its resilience and strengthen its strategic autonomy, the EU has started to infuse its economic policies with geopolitical considerations.</p></div></div></div><div class="last-row credits" data-v-537d1ed4><div class="theme-light avatar-set" data-v-537d1ed4 data-v-0771b5f3><ul class="avatars" data-v-0771b5f3><li class="person" data-v-0771b5f3><div class="size-small avatar" data-v-0771b5f3 data-v-fb741989><span class="avatar" data-v-fb741989><a href="/people/rosa-balfour?center=middle-east" class="anchor avatar-link" data-v-fb741989><img src="/static/media/avatars/Rosa-Balfour-CEIP-00246.jpg" alt width="1000" height="1500" srcset sizes class="image desaturate" id="66196cf33aac96dcad5beed9" data-v-fb741989 data-v-753462ba></a></span></div></li><li class="person" data-v-0771b5f3><div class="size-small avatar" data-v-0771b5f3 data-v-fb741989><span class="avatar" data-v-fb741989><a href="/people/sam-fleming?center=middle-east" class="anchor avatar-link" data-v-fb741989><img src="/static/media/avatars/Sam%20Fleming%20JPG.jpg" alt width="332" height="332" srcset sizes class="image desaturate" id="673b05d947e893a213f56e10" data-v-fb741989 data-v-753462ba></a></span></div></li><li class="person" data-v-0771b5f3><div class="size-small avatar" data-v-0771b5f3 data-v-fb741989><span class="avatar" data-v-fb741989><a href="/people/sinan-ulgen?center=middle-east" class="anchor avatar-link" data-v-fb741989><img src="/static/media/avatars/ulgen_color_large-1.jpg" alt width="1397" height="2100" srcset sizes class="image desaturate" id="6574ac770f74e6e8e2bc33b5" data-v-fb741989 data-v-753462ba></a></span></div></li><li class="person" data-v-0771b5f3><div class="size-small avatar placeholder" data-v-0771b5f3 data-v-fb741989><span class="avatar" data-v-fb741989><span class="label-small direction-ltr typography" data-v-0771b5f3 data-v-239cd353>+2</span></span></div></li></ul><ul class="names" data-v-0771b5f3><li class="name" data-v-0771b5f3><span class="body-micro direction-ltr typography" data-v-0771b5f3 data-v-239cd353><a href="/people/rosa-balfour?center=middle-east" class="anchor" data-v-0771b5f3>Rosa Balfour</a>, </span></li><li class="name" data-v-0771b5f3><span class="body-micro direction-ltr typography" data-v-0771b5f3 data-v-239cd353><span data-v-0771b5f3>Sam Fleming</span>, </span></li><li class="name" data-v-0771b5f3><span class="body-micro direction-ltr typography" data-v-0771b5f3 data-v-239cd353><a href="/people/sinan-ulgen?center=middle-east" class="anchor" data-v-0771b5f3>Sinan Ülgen</a>, </span></li><li class="name" data-v-0771b5f3><span class="body-micro direction-ltr typography" data-v-0771b5f3 data-v-239cd353><span data-v-0771b5f3>Nicolas Véron</span>, </span></li><li class="name" data-v-0771b5f3><span class="body-micro direction-ltr typography" data-v-0771b5f3 data-v-239cd353><span data-v-0771b5f3>Sabine Weyand</span></span></li></ul></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="context-inline size-50 orientation-wide background-color-grey content-card-block result" data-v-ec55b094 data-v-1142257d><div class="main" data-v-1142257d><div class="visual" data-v-1142257d><a href="/research/2024/11/geopolitics-and-economic-statecraft-in-the-european-union?lang=en&center=middle-east" class="anchor" data-v-1142257d><img src="/static/media/images/EU%20Economic%20Statecraft_1420x770.png" alt="Europe Economic Statecraft" width="3034" height="1680" srcset sizes class="image research image" id="67377070efdd7300ac3b803f" data-v-1142257d data-v-753462ba></a></div><div class="theme-light content-summary summary" data-v-1142257d data-v-537d1ed4><div class="summary-wrapper" data-v-537d1ed4><div class="meta" data-v-537d1ed4><div class="--teal type-label type-label" data-v-537d1ed4 data-v-e1c4de89><span class="label-small direction-ltr typography text" data-v-e1c4de89 data-v-239cd353>research</span></div><div class="meta-right" data-v-537d1ed4><div class="attributions-wrapper" data-v-537d1ed4 data-v-5bc4ee8d><div class="contentCard attributions-list" data-v-5bc4ee8d><span class="label-small direction-ltr typography title" data-v-5bc4ee8d data-v-239cd353></span></div></div></div></div><a href="/research/2024/11/geopolitics-and-economic-statecraft-in-the-european-union?lang=en&center=middle-east" class="anchor" data-v-537d1ed4><div class="heading" data-v-537d1ed4><div class="h5 direction-ltr typography heading" data-v-1142257d data-v-239cd353>Geopolitics and Economic Statecraft in the European Union</div></div></a><div class="description" data-v-537d1ed4><div class="body-style-serif-small theme-light size-50 rich-text-elements description" data-v-1142257d data-v-fedd3581><div class="rich-text" data-v-fedd3581><p>In response to great-power rivalry and the weaponization of interdependence, the EU has adopted a geopolitical approach to economic statecraft. To build resilience and maintain its international credibility, the union will have to balance its pursuit of economic security with broader foreign policy goals.</p></div></div></div><div class="last-row credits" data-v-537d1ed4><div class="theme-light avatar-set" data-v-537d1ed4 data-v-0771b5f3><ul class="avatars" data-v-0771b5f3><li class="person" data-v-0771b5f3><div class="size-small avatar" data-v-0771b5f3 data-v-fb741989><span class="avatar" data-v-fb741989><a href="/people/rosa-balfour?center=middle-east" class="anchor avatar-link" data-v-fb741989><img src="/static/media/avatars/Rosa-Balfour-CEIP-00246.jpg" alt width="1000" height="1500" srcset sizes class="image desaturate" id="66196cf33aac96dcad5beed9" data-v-fb741989 data-v-753462ba></a></span></div></li><li class="person" data-v-0771b5f3><div class="size-small avatar" data-v-0771b5f3 data-v-fb741989><span class="avatar" data-v-fb741989><a href="/people/eugenia-baroncelli?center=middle-east" class="anchor avatar-link" data-v-fb741989><img src="/static/media/avatars/Baroncelli_800px_SQUARE.jpg" alt width="800" height="800" srcset sizes class="image desaturate" id="673c8a40130420af74736a7b" data-v-fb741989 data-v-753462ba></a></span></div></li><li class="person" data-v-0771b5f3><div class="size-small avatar" data-v-0771b5f3 data-v-fb741989><span class="avatar" data-v-fb741989><a href="/people/lizza-bomassi?center=middle-east" class="anchor avatar-link" data-v-fb741989><img src="/static/media/avatars/Lizza-Bomassi-CEIP-00706.jpg" alt width="1000" height="1259" srcset sizes class="image desaturate" id="6619946b9ab0c16ca6fea138" data-v-fb741989 data-v-753462ba></a></span></div></li><li class="person" data-v-0771b5f3><div class="size-small avatar placeholder" data-v-0771b5f3 data-v-fb741989><span class="avatar" data-v-fb741989><span class="label-small direction-ltr typography" data-v-0771b5f3 data-v-239cd353>+8</span></span></div></li></ul><ul class="names" data-v-0771b5f3><li class="name" data-v-0771b5f3><span class="body-micro direction-ltr typography" data-v-0771b5f3 data-v-239cd353><a href="/people/rosa-balfour?center=middle-east" class="anchor" data-v-0771b5f3>Rosa Balfour</a>, </span></li><li class="name" data-v-0771b5f3><span class="body-micro direction-ltr typography" data-v-0771b5f3 data-v-239cd353><span data-v-0771b5f3>Eugenia Baroncelli</span>, </span></li><li class="name" data-v-0771b5f3><span class="body-micro direction-ltr typography" data-v-0771b5f3 data-v-239cd353><a href="/people/lizza-bomassi?center=middle-east" class="anchor" data-v-0771b5f3>Lizza Bomassi</a>, </span></li><li class="name" data-v-0771b5f3><span class="body-micro direction-ltr typography" data-v-0771b5f3 data-v-239cd353><a href="/people/raluca-csernatoni?center=middle-east" class="anchor" data-v-0771b5f3>Raluca Csernatoni</a>, </span></li><li class="name" data-v-0771b5f3><span class="body-micro direction-ltr typography" data-v-0771b5f3 data-v-239cd353><span data-v-0771b5f3>Andreas Goldthau</span>, </span></li><li class="name" data-v-0771b5f3><span class="body-micro direction-ltr typography" data-v-0771b5f3 data-v-239cd353><span data-v-0771b5f3>Giovanni Grevi</span>, </span></li><li class="name" data-v-0771b5f3><span class="body-micro direction-ltr typography" data-v-0771b5f3 data-v-239cd353><span data-v-0771b5f3>Catherine Hoeffler</span>, </span></li><li class="name" data-v-0771b5f3><span class="body-micro direction-ltr typography" data-v-0771b5f3 data-v-239cd353><a href="/people/erik-jones?center=middle-east" class="anchor" data-v-0771b5f3>Erik Jones</a>, </span></li><li class="name" data-v-0771b5f3><span class="body-micro direction-ltr typography" data-v-0771b5f3 data-v-239cd353><a href="/people/pavi-prakash-nair?center=middle-east" class="anchor" data-v-0771b5f3>Pavi Prakash Nair</a>, </span></li><li class="name" data-v-0771b5f3><span class="body-micro direction-ltr typography" data-v-0771b5f3 data-v-239cd353><a href="/people/sinan-ulgen?center=middle-east" class="anchor" data-v-0771b5f3>Sinan Ülgen</a>, </span></li><li class="name" data-v-0771b5f3><span class="body-micro direction-ltr typography" data-v-0771b5f3 data-v-239cd353><a href="/people/richard-youngs?center=middle-east" class="anchor" data-v-0771b5f3>Richard Youngs</a></span></li></ul></div><span class="body-micro direction-ltr typography publication-date" data-v-537d1ed4 data-v-239cd353>· November 19, 2024</span></div></div></div></div></div><div class="context-inline size-50 orientation-wide background-color-grey content-card-block result" data-v-ec55b094 data-v-1142257d><div class="main" data-v-1142257d><div class="visual" data-v-1142257d><a href="/emissary/2024/10/turkey-pkk-ocalan-offer-terror-attack-why?lang=en&center=middle-east" class="anchor" data-v-1142257d><img src="/static/media/images/turkey-turkiye-terror-attack-2024.jpg" alt="police and EMTs standing around outside a gate" width="1420" height="770" srcset sizes class="image commentary image" id="671aaea12f02a1c07cad3cc5" data-v-1142257d data-v-753462ba></a></div><div class="theme-light content-summary summary" data-v-1142257d data-v-537d1ed4><div class="summary-wrapper" data-v-537d1ed4><div class="meta" data-v-537d1ed4><div class="--blue type-label type-label" data-v-537d1ed4 data-v-e1c4de89><span class="label-small direction-ltr typography text" data-v-e1c4de89 data-v-239cd353>commentary</span></div><div class="meta-right" data-v-537d1ed4><div class="attributions-wrapper" data-v-537d1ed4 data-v-5bc4ee8d><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" width="24" height="24" class="direction-ltr logo" data-v-5bc4ee8d data-v-6fa14250><image 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" width="24" height="24"></image></svg><div class="contentCard attributions-list" data-v-5bc4ee8d><span class="label-small direction-ltr typography title" data-v-5bc4ee8d data-v-239cd353><a href="/emissary?center=middle-east" class="anchor attribution-label" data-v-5bc4ee8d>Emissary</a></span></div></div></div></div><a href="/emissary/2024/10/turkey-pkk-ocalan-offer-terror-attack-why?lang=en&center=middle-east" class="anchor" data-v-537d1ed4><div class="heading" data-v-537d1ed4><div class="h5 direction-ltr typography heading" data-v-1142257d data-v-239cd353>Ankara’s Surprising Offer to the Imprisoned PKK Leader</div></div></a><div class="description" data-v-537d1ed4><div class="body-style-serif-small theme-light size-50 rich-text-elements description" data-v-1142257d data-v-fedd3581><div class="rich-text" data-v-fedd3581><p>But what are the chances of its success, especially amid new terrorism threats?</p></div></div></div><div class="last-row credits" data-v-537d1ed4><div class="theme-light avatar-set" data-v-537d1ed4 data-v-0771b5f3><ul class="avatars" data-v-0771b5f3><li class="person" data-v-0771b5f3><div class="size-small avatar" data-v-0771b5f3 data-v-fb741989><span class="avatar" data-v-fb741989><a href="/people/alper-coskun?center=middle-east" class="anchor avatar-link" data-v-fb741989><img src="/static/media/avatars/Alper-Coskun-CEIP-0086.jpg" alt width="1000" height="1244" srcset sizes class="image desaturate" id="661980d318e119cedfa098c1" data-v-fb741989 data-v-753462ba></a></span></div></li><li class="person" data-v-0771b5f3><div class="size-small avatar" data-v-0771b5f3 data-v-fb741989><span class="avatar" data-v-fb741989><a href="/people/sinan-ulgen?center=middle-east" class="anchor avatar-link" data-v-fb741989><img src="/static/media/avatars/ulgen_color_large-1.jpg" alt width="1397" height="2100" srcset sizes class="image desaturate" id="6574ac770f74e6e8e2bc33b5" data-v-fb741989 data-v-753462ba></a></span></div></li></ul><ul class="names" data-v-0771b5f3><li class="name" data-v-0771b5f3><span class="body-micro direction-ltr typography" data-v-0771b5f3 data-v-239cd353><a href="/people/alper-coskun?center=middle-east" class="anchor" data-v-0771b5f3>Alper Coşkun</a>, </span></li><li class="name" data-v-0771b5f3><span class="body-micro direction-ltr typography" data-v-0771b5f3 data-v-239cd353><a href="/people/sinan-ulgen?center=middle-east" class="anchor" data-v-0771b5f3>Sinan Ülgen</a></span></li></ul></div><span class="body-micro direction-ltr typography publication-date" data-v-537d1ed4 data-v-239cd353>· October 24, 2024</span></div></div></div></div></div><div class="context-inline size-50 orientation-wide background-color-grey content-card-block result" data-v-ec55b094 data-v-1142257d><div class="main" data-v-1142257d><div class="visual" data-v-1142257d><a href="/research/2024/10/turkiye-and-russia-an-unequal-partnership?lang=en&center=middle-east" class="anchor" data-v-1142257d><img src="/static/media/images/turkiye-russia-GettyImages-1135811912.jpg" alt="Russian President Vladimir Putin (R) and Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan give a joint press conference at the Kremlin in Moscow on April 8, 2019." width="1420" height="770" srcset sizes class="image article image" id="6718ff8430523da1cfbe8937" data-v-1142257d data-v-753462ba></a></div><div class="theme-light content-summary summary" data-v-1142257d data-v-537d1ed4><div class="summary-wrapper" data-v-537d1ed4><div class="meta" data-v-537d1ed4><div class="--teal type-label type-label" data-v-537d1ed4 data-v-e1c4de89><span class="label-small direction-ltr typography text" data-v-e1c4de89 data-v-239cd353>article</span></div><div class="meta-right" data-v-537d1ed4><div class="attributions-wrapper" data-v-537d1ed4 data-v-5bc4ee8d><div class="contentCard attributions-list" data-v-5bc4ee8d><span class="label-small direction-ltr typography title" data-v-5bc4ee8d data-v-239cd353></span></div></div></div></div><a href="/research/2024/10/turkiye-and-russia-an-unequal-partnership?lang=en&center=middle-east" class="anchor" data-v-537d1ed4><div class="heading" data-v-537d1ed4><div class="h5 direction-ltr typography heading" data-v-1142257d data-v-239cd353>Türkiye and Russia: An Unequal Partnership</div></div></a><div class="description" data-v-537d1ed4><div class="body-style-serif-small theme-light size-50 rich-text-elements description" data-v-1142257d data-v-fedd3581><div class="rich-text" data-v-fedd3581><p>The multifaceted nature of Turkish-Russian relations is tied to Türkiye’s changing relations with the West and its strategic maneuvers for greater autonomy.</p></div></div></div><div class="last-row credits" data-v-537d1ed4><div class="theme-light avatar-set" data-v-537d1ed4 data-v-0771b5f3><ul class="avatars" data-v-0771b5f3><li class="person" data-v-0771b5f3><div class="size-small avatar" data-v-0771b5f3 data-v-fb741989><span class="avatar" data-v-fb741989><a href="/people/sinan-ulgen?center=middle-east" class="anchor avatar-link" data-v-fb741989><img src="/static/media/avatars/ulgen_color_large-1.jpg" alt width="1397" height="2100" srcset sizes class="image desaturate" id="6574ac770f74e6e8e2bc33b5" data-v-fb741989 data-v-753462ba></a></span></div></li></ul><ul class="names" data-v-0771b5f3><li class="name" data-v-0771b5f3><span class="body-micro direction-ltr typography" data-v-0771b5f3 data-v-239cd353><a href="/people/sinan-ulgen?center=middle-east" class="anchor" data-v-0771b5f3>Sinan Ülgen</a></span></li></ul></div><span class="body-micro direction-ltr typography publication-date" data-v-537d1ed4 data-v-239cd353>· October 24, 2024</span></div></div></div></div></div><div class="context-inline size-50 orientation-wide background-color-grey content-card-block result" data-v-ec55b094 data-v-1142257d><div class="main" data-v-1142257d><div class="visual" data-v-1142257d><a href="/events/2024/10/turkiye-the-eu-and-transatlantic-relations-in-a-new-global-setting?lang=en&center=middle-east" class="anchor" data-v-1142257d><img src="/static/media/images/europecenter_poster_sm.png" alt width="800" height="500" srcset sizes class="image event image" id="6647ea2f35c2a966099519e4" data-v-1142257d data-v-753462ba></a></div><div class="theme-light content-summary summary" data-v-1142257d data-v-537d1ed4><div class="summary-wrapper" data-v-537d1ed4><div class="meta" data-v-537d1ed4><div class="--purple type-label type-label" data-v-537d1ed4 data-v-e1c4de89><span class="label-small direction-ltr typography text" data-v-e1c4de89 data-v-239cd353>event</span></div><div class="meta-right" data-v-537d1ed4><div class="attributions-wrapper" data-v-537d1ed4 data-v-5bc4ee8d><div class="contentCard attributions-list" data-v-5bc4ee8d><span class="label-small direction-ltr typography title" data-v-5bc4ee8d data-v-239cd353></span></div></div></div></div><a href="/events/2024/10/turkiye-the-eu-and-transatlantic-relations-in-a-new-global-setting?lang=en&center=middle-east" class="anchor" data-v-537d1ed4><div class="heading" data-v-537d1ed4><div class="h5 direction-ltr typography heading" data-v-1142257d data-v-239cd353>Türkiye, the EU, and Transatlantic Relations in a New Global Setting </div></div></a><div class="date-time" data-v-537d1ed4><div class="date" data-v-537d1ed4><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="12" height="12" fill="none" class="direction-ltr" data-v-537d1ed4 data-v-6fa14250><path fill="currentColor" fill-rule="evenodd" d="M9 1.08h2.52a.48.48 0 0 1 .48.48v9.96a.48.48 0 0 1-.48.48H.48a.48.48 0 0 1-.48-.48V1.56a.48.48 0 0 1 .48-.48H3V.12A.12.12 0 0 1 3.12 0h.84a.12.12 0 0 1 .12.12v.96h3.84V.12A.12.12 0 0 1 8.04 0h.84A.12.12 0 0 1 9 .12zm-7.92 9.84h9.84v-5.7H1.08zm0-8.76V4.2h9.84V2.16H9v.72a.12.12 0 0 1-.12.12h-.84a.12.12 0 0 1-.12-.12v-.72H4.08v.72a.12.12 0 0 1-.12.12h-.84A.12.12 0 0 1 3 2.88v-.72zm8.253 4.507H6.667v2.666h2.666z" clip-rule="evenodd"></path></svg><span class="body direction-ltr typography" data-v-537d1ed4 data-v-239cd353>October 22, 2024</span></div></div><div class="description" data-v-537d1ed4><div class="body-style-serif-small theme-light size-50 rich-text-elements description" data-v-1142257d data-v-fedd3581><div class="rich-text" data-v-fedd3581><p>In a series of four new cross-cutting studies, Carnegie scholars and affiliates examine Türkiye’s policy orientations and their impact on the United States, and by extension, the transatlantic partnership. </p></div></div></div><div class="last-row credits" data-v-537d1ed4><div class="theme-light avatar-set" data-v-537d1ed4 data-v-0771b5f3><ul class="avatars" data-v-0771b5f3><li class="person" data-v-0771b5f3><div class="size-small avatar" data-v-0771b5f3 data-v-fb741989><span class="avatar" data-v-fb741989><a href="/people/stefanie-bolzen?center=middle-east" class="anchor avatar-link" data-v-fb741989><img src="/static/media/avatars/Bolzen-S-55-FINAL-bw.jpg" alt width="2200" height="2047" srcset sizes class="image desaturate" id="67055badae4fd205bf19d1c8" data-v-fb741989 data-v-753462ba></a></span></div></li><li class="person" data-v-0771b5f3><div class="size-small avatar" data-v-0771b5f3 data-v-fb741989><span class="avatar" data-v-fb741989><a href="/people/alper-coskun?center=middle-east" class="anchor avatar-link" data-v-fb741989><img src="/static/media/avatars/Alper-Coskun-CEIP-0086.jpg" alt width="1000" height="1244" srcset sizes class="image desaturate" id="661980d318e119cedfa098c1" data-v-fb741989 data-v-753462ba></a></span></div></li><li class="person" data-v-0771b5f3><div class="size-small avatar" data-v-0771b5f3 data-v-fb741989><span class="avatar" data-v-fb741989><a href="/people/alexander-gabuev?center=middle-east" class="anchor avatar-link" data-v-fb741989><img src="/static/media/avatars/Alexander_Gabuev.jpg" alt="Alexander Gabuev" width="1000" height="877" srcset sizes class="image desaturate" id="6645e3299222dd95f1b665f5" data-v-fb741989 data-v-753462ba></a></span></div></li><li class="person" data-v-0771b5f3><div class="size-small avatar placeholder" data-v-0771b5f3 data-v-fb741989><span class="avatar" data-v-fb741989><span class="label-small direction-ltr typography" data-v-0771b5f3 data-v-239cd353>+2</span></span></div></li></ul><ul class="names" data-v-0771b5f3><li class="name" data-v-0771b5f3><span class="body-micro direction-ltr typography" data-v-0771b5f3 data-v-239cd353><span data-v-0771b5f3>Stefanie Bolzen</span>, </span></li><li class="name" data-v-0771b5f3><span class="body-micro direction-ltr typography" data-v-0771b5f3 data-v-239cd353><a href="/people/alper-coskun?center=middle-east" class="anchor" data-v-0771b5f3>Alper Coşkun</a>, </span></li><li class="name" data-v-0771b5f3><span class="body-micro direction-ltr typography" data-v-0771b5f3 data-v-239cd353><a href="/people/alexander-gabuev?center=middle-east" class="anchor" data-v-0771b5f3>Alexander Gabuev</a>, </span></li><li class="name" data-v-0771b5f3><span class="body-micro direction-ltr typography" data-v-0771b5f3 data-v-239cd353><a href="/people/ilke-toygur?center=middle-east" class="anchor" data-v-0771b5f3>Ilke Toygür</a>, </span></li><li class="name" data-v-0771b5f3><span class="body-micro direction-ltr typography" data-v-0771b5f3 data-v-239cd353><a href="/people/sinan-ulgen?center=middle-east" class="anchor" data-v-0771b5f3>Sinan Ülgen</a></span></li></ul></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="context-inline size-50 orientation-wide background-color-grey content-card-block result" data-v-ec55b094 data-v-1142257d><div class="main" data-v-1142257d><div class="visual" data-v-1142257d><a href="/research/2024/10/strategic-autonomy-as-a-dynamic-of-convergence-in-turkiye-eu-relations?lang=en&center=middle-east" class="anchor" data-v-1142257d><img src="/static/media/images/turkiye-eu-foreign-policy-GettyImages-1206282771.jpg" alt="U Council President Charles Michel (R) arrives with Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan before a meeting with European Commission President Ursula von der Leyen at the EU headquarters in Brussels on March 9, 2020. " width="1420" height="770" srcset sizes class="image paper image" id="6716a40c3a928786db2cf2d9" data-v-1142257d data-v-753462ba></a></div><div class="theme-light content-summary summary" data-v-1142257d data-v-537d1ed4><div class="summary-wrapper" data-v-537d1ed4><div class="meta" data-v-537d1ed4><div class="--teal type-label type-label" data-v-537d1ed4 data-v-e1c4de89><span class="label-small direction-ltr typography text" data-v-e1c4de89 data-v-239cd353>paper</span></div><div class="meta-right" data-v-537d1ed4><div class="attributions-wrapper" data-v-537d1ed4 data-v-5bc4ee8d><div class="contentCard attributions-list" data-v-5bc4ee8d><span class="label-small direction-ltr typography title" data-v-5bc4ee8d data-v-239cd353></span></div></div></div></div><a href="/research/2024/10/strategic-autonomy-as-a-dynamic-of-convergence-in-turkiye-eu-relations?lang=en&center=middle-east" class="anchor" data-v-537d1ed4><div class="heading" data-v-537d1ed4><div class="h5 direction-ltr typography heading" data-v-1142257d data-v-239cd353>Strategic Autonomy as a Dynamic of Convergence in Türkiye-EU Relations </div></div></a><div class="description" data-v-537d1ed4><div class="body-style-serif-small theme-light size-50 rich-text-elements description" data-v-1142257d data-v-fedd3581><div class="rich-text" data-v-fedd3581><p>Türkiye’s foreign policy has been deemed by analysts as a “re-orientation” and rupture with the country’s diplomatic past.</p></div></div></div><div class="last-row credits" data-v-537d1ed4><div class="theme-light avatar-set" data-v-537d1ed4 data-v-0771b5f3><ul class="avatars" data-v-0771b5f3><li class="person" data-v-0771b5f3><div class="size-small avatar" data-v-0771b5f3 data-v-fb741989><span class="avatar" data-v-fb741989><a href="/people/sinan-ulgen?center=middle-east" class="anchor avatar-link" data-v-fb741989><img src="/static/media/avatars/ulgen_color_large-1.jpg" alt width="1397" height="2100" srcset sizes class="image desaturate" id="6574ac770f74e6e8e2bc33b5" data-v-fb741989 data-v-753462ba></a></span></div></li><li class="person" data-v-0771b5f3><div class="size-small avatar" data-v-0771b5f3 data-v-fb741989><span class="avatar" data-v-fb741989><a href="/people/sophia-besch?center=middle-east" class="anchor avatar-link" data-v-fb741989><img src="/static/media/avatars/SophiaB-headshot1-1.jpeg" alt width="3665" height="3529" srcset sizes class="image desaturate" id="6574a0f40f74e6e8e2b803ff" data-v-fb741989 data-v-753462ba></a></span></div></li><li class="person" data-v-0771b5f3><div class="size-small avatar" data-v-0771b5f3 data-v-fb741989><span class="avatar" data-v-fb741989><a href="/people/ilke-toygur-coauthor-2024-10?center=middle-east" class="anchor avatar-link" data-v-fb741989><img src="https://carnegie-production-assets.s3.amazonaws.com/_nuxt/avatar-placeholder.BaqAmelg.png" alt width height srcset sizes class="image" data-v-fb741989 data-v-753462ba></a></span></div></li></ul><ul class="names" data-v-0771b5f3><li class="name" data-v-0771b5f3><span class="body-micro direction-ltr typography" data-v-0771b5f3 data-v-239cd353><a href="/people/sinan-ulgen?center=middle-east" class="anchor" data-v-0771b5f3>Sinan Ülgen</a>, </span></li><li class="name" data-v-0771b5f3><span class="body-micro direction-ltr typography" data-v-0771b5f3 data-v-239cd353><a href="/people/sophia-besch?center=middle-east" class="anchor" data-v-0771b5f3>Sophia Besch</a>, </span></li><li class="name" data-v-0771b5f3><span class="body-micro direction-ltr typography" data-v-0771b5f3 data-v-239cd353><span data-v-0771b5f3>İlke Toygür</span></span></li></ul></div><span class="body-micro direction-ltr typography publication-date" data-v-537d1ed4 data-v-239cd353>· October 22, 2024</span></div></div></div></div></div><div class="context-inline size-50 orientation-wide background-color-grey content-card-block result" data-v-ec55b094 data-v-1142257d><div class="main" data-v-1142257d><div class="visual" data-v-1142257d><a href="/research/2024/10/transatlantic-policies-on-china-is-there-a-role-for-turkiye?lang=en&center=middle-east" class="anchor" data-v-1142257d><img src="/static/media/images/turkey-china-relations-GettyImages-599075156.jpg" alt="Turkey's President Recep Tayyip Erdogan is greeted by China's President Xi Jinping (R) before the G20 leaders' family photo in Hangzhou on September 4, 2016. " width="1420" height="770" srcset sizes class="image paper image" id="6709477b52893125d4ea77f8" data-v-1142257d data-v-753462ba></a></div><div class="theme-light content-summary summary" data-v-1142257d data-v-537d1ed4><div class="summary-wrapper" data-v-537d1ed4><div class="meta" data-v-537d1ed4><div class="--teal type-label type-label" data-v-537d1ed4 data-v-e1c4de89><span class="label-small direction-ltr typography text" data-v-e1c4de89 data-v-239cd353>paper</span></div><div class="meta-right" data-v-537d1ed4><div class="attributions-wrapper" data-v-537d1ed4 data-v-5bc4ee8d><div class="contentCard attributions-list" data-v-5bc4ee8d><span class="label-small direction-ltr typography title" data-v-5bc4ee8d data-v-239cd353></span></div></div></div></div><a href="/research/2024/10/transatlantic-policies-on-china-is-there-a-role-for-turkiye?lang=en&center=middle-east" class="anchor" data-v-537d1ed4><div class="heading" data-v-537d1ed4><div class="h5 direction-ltr typography heading" data-v-1142257d data-v-239cd353>Transatlantic Policies on China: Is There a Role for Türkiye?</div></div></a><div class="description" data-v-537d1ed4><div class="body-style-serif-small theme-light size-50 rich-text-elements description" data-v-1142257d data-v-fedd3581><div class="rich-text" data-v-fedd3581><p>Türkiye is an important transatlantic actor in Sino-Western competition. It can add value to Western efforts aimed at synchronizing policies toward a rising China. And yet, at present, Ankara’s policies on China are not harmonized with those of its partners in the West.</p></div></div></div><div class="last-row credits" data-v-537d1ed4><div class="theme-light avatar-set" data-v-537d1ed4 data-v-0771b5f3><ul class="avatars" data-v-0771b5f3><li class="person" data-v-0771b5f3><div class="size-small avatar" data-v-0771b5f3 data-v-fb741989><span class="avatar" data-v-fb741989><a href="/people/sinan-ulgen?center=middle-east" class="anchor avatar-link" data-v-fb741989><img src="/static/media/avatars/ulgen_color_large-1.jpg" alt width="1397" height="2100" srcset sizes class="image desaturate" id="6574ac770f74e6e8e2bc33b5" data-v-fb741989 data-v-753462ba></a></span></div></li><li class="person" data-v-0771b5f3><div class="size-small avatar" data-v-0771b5f3 data-v-fb741989><span class="avatar" data-v-fb741989><a href="/people/temur-umarov?center=middle-east" class="anchor avatar-link" data-v-fb741989><img src="/static/media/avatars/temur_umarov.jpg" alt="Temur Umarov" width="667" height="681" srcset sizes class="image desaturate" id="6645e2aec1087be7e85b6bbc" data-v-fb741989 data-v-753462ba></a></span></div></li></ul><ul class="names" data-v-0771b5f3><li class="name" data-v-0771b5f3><span class="body-micro direction-ltr typography" data-v-0771b5f3 data-v-239cd353><a href="/people/sinan-ulgen?center=middle-east" class="anchor" data-v-0771b5f3>Sinan Ülgen</a>, </span></li><li class="name" data-v-0771b5f3><span class="body-micro direction-ltr typography" data-v-0771b5f3 data-v-239cd353><a href="/people/temur-umarov?center=middle-east" class="anchor" data-v-0771b5f3>Temur Umarov</a></span></li></ul></div><span class="body-micro direction-ltr typography publication-date" data-v-537d1ed4 data-v-239cd353>· October 17, 2024</span></div></div></div></div></div><div class="context-inline size-50 orientation-wide background-color-grey content-card-block result" data-v-ec55b094 data-v-1142257d><div class="main" data-v-1142257d><div class="visual" data-v-1142257d><a href="https://www.ft.com/content/35f9eab3-6cf1-49f9-ad36-32af597e9529" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="anchor" data-v-1142257d><img src="/static-images/in-the-media.jpg" alt="In The Media" width height srcset sizes class="image in the media image" data-v-1142257d data-v-753462ba></a></div><div class="theme-light content-summary summary" data-v-1142257d data-v-537d1ed4><div class="summary-wrapper" data-v-537d1ed4><div class="meta" data-v-537d1ed4><div class="--blue type-label type-label" data-v-537d1ed4 data-v-e1c4de89><span class="label-small direction-ltr typography text" data-v-e1c4de89 data-v-239cd353>in the media</span></div><div class="meta-right" data-v-537d1ed4><div class="attributions-wrapper" data-v-537d1ed4 data-v-5bc4ee8d><div class="contentCard attributions-list" data-v-5bc4ee8d><span class="label-small direction-ltr typography title" data-v-5bc4ee8d data-v-239cd353></span></div></div></div></div><a href="https://www.ft.com/content/35f9eab3-6cf1-49f9-ad36-32af597e9529" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" class="anchor" data-v-537d1ed4><div class="heading" data-v-537d1ed4><div class="h5 direction-ltr typography heading" data-v-1142257d data-v-239cd353>Turkey’s Instagram Spat Shows the Limits of Global Content Governance</div></div></a><div class="description" data-v-537d1ed4><div class="body-style-serif-small theme-light size-50 rich-text-elements description" data-v-1142257d data-v-fedd3581><div class="rich-text" data-v-fedd3581><p>Instagram’s suspension in Turkey reflects how platforms’ content governance is shaped by a Western worldview.</p></div></div></div><div class="last-row credits" data-v-537d1ed4><div class="theme-light avatar-set" data-v-537d1ed4 data-v-0771b5f3><ul class="avatars" data-v-0771b5f3><li class="person" data-v-0771b5f3><div class="size-small avatar" data-v-0771b5f3 data-v-fb741989><span class="avatar" data-v-fb741989><a href="/people/sinan-ulgen?center=middle-east" class="anchor avatar-link" data-v-fb741989><img src="/static/media/avatars/ulgen_color_large-1.jpg" alt width="1397" height="2100" srcset sizes class="image desaturate" id="6574ac770f74e6e8e2bc33b5" data-v-fb741989 data-v-753462ba></a></span></div></li></ul><ul class="names" data-v-0771b5f3><li class="name" data-v-0771b5f3><span class="body-micro direction-ltr typography" data-v-0771b5f3 data-v-239cd353><a href="/people/sinan-ulgen?center=middle-east" class="anchor" data-v-0771b5f3>Sinan Ülgen</a></span></li></ul></div><span class="body-micro direction-ltr typography publication-date" data-v-537d1ed4 data-v-239cd353>· August 13, 2024</span><div class="body-style-body-micro-italic theme-light size-50 rich-text-elements source-label" data-v-537d1ed4 data-v-fedd3581><div class="rich-text html" data-v-fedd3581>Financial Times</div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="context-inline size-50 orientation-wide background-color-grey content-card-block result" data-v-ec55b094 data-v-1142257d><div class="main" data-v-1142257d><div class="visual" data-v-1142257d><a href="/events/2024/08/assads-return-regional-changes-and-future-outlook?lang=en&center=middle-east" class="anchor" data-v-1142257d><img src="/static/media/images/syria%20normalization%20background.jpg" alt width="1420" height="770" srcset sizes class="image event image" id="66ab80b2bbbb628d21f2ff32" data-v-1142257d data-v-753462ba></a></div><div class="theme-light content-summary summary" data-v-1142257d data-v-537d1ed4><div class="summary-wrapper" data-v-537d1ed4><div class="meta" data-v-537d1ed4><div class="--purple type-label type-label" data-v-537d1ed4 data-v-e1c4de89><span class="label-small direction-ltr typography text" data-v-e1c4de89 data-v-239cd353>event</span></div><div class="meta-right" data-v-537d1ed4><div class="attributions-wrapper" data-v-537d1ed4 data-v-5bc4ee8d><div class="contentCard attributions-list" data-v-5bc4ee8d><span class="label-small direction-ltr typography title" data-v-5bc4ee8d data-v-239cd353></span></div></div></div></div><a href="/events/2024/08/assads-return-regional-changes-and-future-outlook?lang=en&center=middle-east" class="anchor" data-v-537d1ed4><div class="heading" data-v-537d1ed4><div class="h5 direction-ltr typography heading" data-v-1142257d data-v-239cd353>Assad’s Return: Regional Changes and Future Outlook</div></div></a><div class="date-time" data-v-537d1ed4><div class="date" data-v-537d1ed4><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="12" height="12" fill="none" class="direction-ltr" data-v-537d1ed4 data-v-6fa14250><path fill="currentColor" fill-rule="evenodd" d="M9 1.08h2.52a.48.48 0 0 1 .48.48v9.96a.48.48 0 0 1-.48.48H.48a.48.48 0 0 1-.48-.48V1.56a.48.48 0 0 1 .48-.48H3V.12A.12.12 0 0 1 3.12 0h.84a.12.12 0 0 1 .12.12v.96h3.84V.12A.12.12 0 0 1 8.04 0h.84A.12.12 0 0 1 9 .12zm-7.92 9.84h9.84v-5.7H1.08zm0-8.76V4.2h9.84V2.16H9v.72a.12.12 0 0 1-.12.12h-.84a.12.12 0 0 1-.12-.12v-.72H4.08v.72a.12.12 0 0 1-.12.12h-.84A.12.12 0 0 1 3 2.88v-.72zm8.253 4.507H6.667v2.666h2.666z" clip-rule="evenodd"></path></svg><span class="body direction-ltr typography" data-v-537d1ed4 data-v-239cd353>August 8, 2024</span></div></div><div class="description" data-v-537d1ed4><div class="body-style-serif-small theme-light size-50 rich-text-elements description" data-v-1142257d data-v-fedd3581><div class="rich-text" data-v-fedd3581><p>Join us for an in-depth discussion on Syria’s gradual normalization with countries in the Middle East and its reinstatement in the League of Arab States in May 2023, a significant step that signals a potential shift in Middle Eastern dynamics and regional security architecture. The normalization process began in 2018 when the United Arab Emirates and Bahrain reopened their embassies in Damascus, after Syria had been suspended from the Arab League in 2011 due to its brutal crackdown on protesters. Recently, Türkiye has also shown interest in normalizing relations with Syria, driven by concerns over Kurdish influence in northern Syria and the refugee crisis. The panel will evaluate the normalization process to date, examine the regime's willingness and capability to deliver on its promises, and assess whether the initial motivations of Arab states for normalization have been met. European and U.S. reactions have generally remained more cautious, emphasizing that normalization should be contingent on tangible political reforms by the Assad regime and adherence to human rights standards.</p></div><div class="rich-text" data-v-fedd3581><p>Against this backdrop of developments, the Malcolm H. Kerr Carnegie Middle East Center is hosting a virtual panel discussion on <strong>August 8, at 5:00 PM Beirut Time/ 10:00 AM EDT.</strong> The event will feature Sinan Ulgen, Sawsan Abou Zainedin, Abdullah Baabood, and Maria Luisa Fantappiè, and will be moderated by Armenak Tokmajyan.</p></div><div class="rich-text" data-v-fedd3581><p>The discussion will be held in English. Viewers may submit their questions to the panelists using the live chat feature on <a href="https://www.facebook.com/events/1670572317041464" rel="">Facebook</a> and <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jvud4Xp8kbE" rel="">YouTube</a>.</p></div><div class="rich-text" data-v-fedd3581><p>For more information, please contact Najwa Yassine at <a href="mailto:najwa.yassine@carnegie-mec.org" rel="">najwa.yassine@carnegie-mec.org</a>.</p></div></div></div><div class="last-row credits" data-v-537d1ed4><div class="theme-light avatar-set" data-v-537d1ed4 data-v-0771b5f3><ul class="avatars" data-v-0771b5f3><li class="person" data-v-0771b5f3><div class="size-small avatar" data-v-0771b5f3 data-v-fb741989><span class="avatar" data-v-fb741989><a href="/people/sinan-ulgen?center=middle-east" class="anchor avatar-link" data-v-fb741989><img src="/static/media/avatars/ulgen_color_large-1.jpg" alt width="1397" height="2100" srcset sizes class="image desaturate" id="6574ac770f74e6e8e2bc33b5" data-v-fb741989 data-v-753462ba></a></span></div></li><li class="person" data-v-0771b5f3><div class="size-small avatar" data-v-0771b5f3 data-v-fb741989><span class="avatar" data-v-fb741989><a href="/people/armenak-tokmajyan?center=middle-east" class="anchor avatar-link" data-v-fb741989><img src="/static/media/avatars/Armenak%20Tokmajyan%20for%20web-1.jpg" alt width="1000" height="1200" srcset sizes class="image desaturate" id="66b0d1fab0f44602124c2706" data-v-fb741989 data-v-753462ba></a></span></div></li><li class="person" data-v-0771b5f3><div class="size-small avatar" data-v-0771b5f3 data-v-fb741989><span class="avatar" data-v-fb741989><a href="/people/abdullah-baabood?center=middle-east" class="anchor avatar-link" data-v-fb741989><img src="/static/media/avatars/abdullah_baabood-1.jpg" alt width="683" height="1024" srcset sizes class="image desaturate" id="6574a1350f74e6e8e2b814fb" data-v-fb741989 data-v-753462ba></a></span></div></li><li class="person" data-v-0771b5f3><div class="size-small avatar placeholder" data-v-0771b5f3 data-v-fb741989><span class="avatar" data-v-fb741989><span class="label-small direction-ltr typography" data-v-0771b5f3 data-v-239cd353>+2</span></span></div></li></ul><ul class="names" data-v-0771b5f3><li class="name" data-v-0771b5f3><span class="body-micro direction-ltr typography" data-v-0771b5f3 data-v-239cd353><a href="/people/sinan-ulgen?center=middle-east" class="anchor" data-v-0771b5f3>Sinan Ülgen</a>, </span></li><li class="name" data-v-0771b5f3><span class="body-micro direction-ltr typography" data-v-0771b5f3 data-v-239cd353><a href="/people/armenak-tokmajyan?center=middle-east" class="anchor" data-v-0771b5f3>Armenak Tokmajyan</a>, </span></li><li class="name" data-v-0771b5f3><span class="body-micro direction-ltr typography" data-v-0771b5f3 data-v-239cd353><a href="/people/abdullah-baabood?center=middle-east" class="anchor" data-v-0771b5f3>Abdullah Baabood</a>, </span></li><li class="name" data-v-0771b5f3><span 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