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</div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="ویب گاہ"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar vector-page-titlebar-blank"> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading" style="display: none"><span class="mw-page-title-main">صفحۂ اول</span></h1> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="نام فضا"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu 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href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B5:%DA%A9%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=%D8%B5%D9%81%D8%AD%DB%82+%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%84"><span>تخلیق کتاب</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B5:%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C%DA%A9%D9%B9%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86_%D9%BE%DB%8C_%DA%88%DB%8C_%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%81&page=%D8%B5%D9%81%D8%AD%DB%82_%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%84&action=show-download-screen"><span>ڈاؤن‌لوڈ بشکل PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%B5%D9%81%D8%AD%DB%82_%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%84&printable=yes" title="اِس صفحہ کا قابلِ طبع نسخہ [p]" accesskey="p"><span>قابل طبع نسخہ</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> دیگر منصوبوں میں </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Main_Page" hreflang="en"><span>ویکی ذخائر</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-foundation mw-list-item"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Home" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Foundation</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-mediawiki mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/MediaWiki" hreflang="en"><span>میڈیاویکی</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-meta mw-list-item"><a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Main_Page" hreflang="en"><span>میٹاویکی</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-outreach mw-list-item"><a href="https://outreach.wikimedia.org/wiki/Main_Page" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Outreach</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-sources mw-list-item"><a href="https://wikisource.org/wiki/Main_Page" hreflang="en"><span>کثیر لسانی ویکی ماخذ</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-species mw-list-item"><a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Main_Page" hreflang="en"><span>ویکی انواع</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikidata mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Wikidata:Main_Page" hreflang="en"><span>ویکی ڈیٹا</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikifunctions mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikifunctions.org/wiki/Wikifunctions:Main_Page" hreflang="en"><span>Wikifunctions</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikimania badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://wikimania.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimania" hreflang="en"><span>ویکی مینیا</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikipedia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B5%D9%81%D8%AD%DB%82_%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%84" hreflang="ur"><span>ویکیپیڈیا</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link 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<div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">بغلی پٹی پر جائیں</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">چھپائیں</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">ویکی کتب سے</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-rtl mw-parser-output" lang="ur" dir="rtl"><div style="background-color: #efe; border: #4169E1 1px solid; margin: 2em 0 1em; padding: 0.5em 1em; font-weight: bold; overflow: auto; vertical-align: middle"> <center> <p><font size="5"><b>ویکی کتب میں خوش آمدید!</b></font> </p> </center> </div> <center> <p><br /> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="تعارف"><span id=".D8.AA.D8.B9.D8.A7.D8.B1.D9.81"></span>تعارف</h2></div> <p>ویکی کتب ایک آزاد بین اللسانی کتب خانہ ہے۔ ویکی کتب کی شروعات جنوری 2003ء میں ہوئی جبکہ اردو ویکیپیڈیا کی شروعات جنوری 2005ء میں ہوئی ۔ اردو زبان کے اس آن لائن کتب خانہ کے بنانے میں آپ بھی بہت آسانی سے ہمارے ساتھ شامل ہو سکتے ہیں۔ </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="قواعد"><span id=".D9.82.D9.88.D8.A7.D8.B9.D8.AF"></span>قواعد</h3></div> <ul><li>اگر آپ کسی موضوع پر مضمون لکھنا چاہتے ہو، تو <a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/ur:%D8%B5%D9%81%D8%AD%DB%81_%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%84" class="extiw" title="w:ur:صفحہ اول">اردو ویکیپیڈیا</a> پر لکھیں۔</li> <li>ایسی کتاب جو چھپ چکی ہو اور اب اس کے جملہ حقوق فوت ہو چکے ہوں، کو <a href="https://wikisource.org/wiki/%D8%B5%D9%81%D8%AD%DB%81_%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%84:%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%88" class="extiw" title="oldwikisource:صفحہ اول:اردو">اردو ماخذ</a> پر شائع کیا جا سکتا ہے۔</li> <li>یہاں (ویکی کتب) پر درسی کتب لکھنا مقصود ہے، جو ایک یا زیادہ مصنف (یعنی آپ) کی کاوش سے مرتب ہو۔ کتب کے متن میں کوئی بھی صحیح تبدیلی کر سکتا ہے۔ یہاں ایسی درسی کتب بھی رکھی جا سکتی ہیں، جن کے مصنف <a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/ur:GFDL" class="extiw" title="w:ur:GFDL">GFDL</a> اجازہ کے تحت ان کتب کو عطیہ کرنے پر راضی ہوں۔</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="مزید"><span id=".D9.85.D8.B2.DB.8C.D8.AF"></span>مزید</h3></div> <ul><li>کوئی سوال ہو تو <a href="/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%84%DB%82_%D8%AE%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%84_%D9%88%DB%8C%DA%A9%DB%8C_%DA%A9%D8%AA%D8%A8:%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%85" title="تبادلۂ خیال ویکی کتب:دیوان عام">دیوانِ عام</a> میں پوچھیں۔</li></ul> <hr /><br /> <p><br /> </p> </center> <div style="background-color: #efe; border: #4169E1 1px solid; margin: 2em 0 1em; padding: 0.5em 1em; font-weight: bold; overflow: auto; vertical-align: middle"> <center> <p><font size="5"><b>منتخب کتاب</b></font> </p> </center> </div> <center> <div style="background-color: white; border: #white 1px solid; margin: 2em 0 1em; padding: 0.5em 1em; font-weight: bold; overflow: auto; vertical-align: middle"> <p><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%84:16867_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikibooks/ur/thumb/5/5c/16867_1.jpg/250px-16867_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="368" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikibooks/ur/thumb/5/5c/16867_1.jpg/375px-16867_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikibooks/ur/thumb/5/5c/16867_1.jpg/500px-16867_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="520" data-file-height="765" /></a></span> <br /> <font size="6"><b><a href="/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%86%DA%AF%D9%84_%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B1" title="جنگل لور">جنگل لور</a></b></font> </p> </div> </center> <center> <div style="background-color: #efe; border: #4169E1 1px solid; margin: 2em 0 1em; padding: 0.5em 1em; font-weight: bold; overflow: auto; vertical-align: middle"> <center> <p><font size="5"><b><a href="/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AB%D9%86%D9%88%DB%8C_%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%B1_%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%81" title="مثنوی قادر نامہ">مثنوی قادر نامہ</a></b></font> </p> </center> </div> <p>بچوں کی تعلیم کے لیے لکھی گئی غالب کی ایک یادگار مثنوی </p> </center> <div style="background-color: #efe; border: #4169E1 1px solid; margin: 2em 0 1em; padding: 0.5em 1em; font-weight: bold; overflow: auto; vertical-align: middle"> <center> <p><font size="5"><b>کتابوں کی تلاش؟</b></font> </p> </center></div> <center> <p>اگر آپ کو کتابوں کی تلاش ہے تو آپ <b><a href="/wiki/%D9%88%DB%8C%DA%A9%DB%8C_%DA%A9%D8%AA%D8%A8:%DA%A9%D8%AA%D8%A8_%D8%AE%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%81" title="ویکی کتب:کتب خانہ">کتب خانے</a></b> میں دیکھ سکتے ہیں!! </p> </center> <div style="background-color: #efe; border: #4169E1 1px solid; margin: 2em 0 1em; padding: 0.5em 1em; font-weight: bold; overflow: auto; vertical-align: middle"> <center> <p><font size="5"><b>دیگر منصوبے</b></font> </p> </center></div> <table class="layout plainlinks" style="width:100%; margin:auto; text-align:right; background:transparent;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="text-align:center; padding:4px;"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/" title="Commons"><img alt="Commons" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9d/Commons-logo-31px.png" decoding="async" width="31" height="41" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="31" data-file-height="41" /></a></span> </td> <td style="width:33%; padding:4px;"> <b><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/">العام</a></b> <br /> انبارِ مشترکہ ذرائع </td> <td style="text-align:center; padding:4px;"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/" title="MediaWiki"><img alt="MediaWiki" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/MediaWiki-2020-icon.svg/35px-MediaWiki-2020-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="35" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/MediaWiki-2020-icon.svg/53px-MediaWiki-2020-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/MediaWiki-2020-icon.svg/70px-MediaWiki-2020-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="100" /></a></span> </td> <td style="width:33%; padding:4px;"> <b><a class="external text" href="https://mediawiki.org/">ویکی وسیط</a></b> <br /> آزاد مصنع لطیف ارتقاء </td> <td style="text-align:center; padding:4px;"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/" title="Meta-Wiki"><img alt="Meta-Wiki" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bc/Meta-logo-35px.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="35" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="35" data-file-height="35" /></a></span> </td> <td style="width:33%; padding:4px;"> <b><a class="external text" href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/">ورائے ویکی</a></b> <br /> ویکیمیڈیا تنسیقِ منصوبہ </td> </tr><tr> <td style="text-align:center; padding:4px;"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/" title="Wikibooks"><img alt="Wikibooks" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7f/Wikibooks-logo-35px.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="35" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="35" data-file-height="35" /></a></span> </td> <td style="padding:4px;"> <b><a class="external text" href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/">ویکیپیڈیا</a></b> <br /> آزاد نصابی و دستی کتب </td> <td style="text-align:center; padding:3px;"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/" title="Wikidata"><img alt="Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/47px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="47" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/71px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/94px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="590" /></a></span> </td> <td style="padding:4px;"> <b><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikidata.org/">ویکی ڈیٹا</a></b> <br /> آزاد قاعدہ دانش </td> <td style="text-align:center; padding:4px;"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://ur.wikinews.org/wiki/" title="Wikinews"><img alt="Wikinews" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/60/Wikinews-logo-51px.png" decoding="async" width="51" height="30" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="51" data-file-height="30" /></a></span> </td> <td style="padding:4px;"> <b><a class="external text" href="https://incubator.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wn/ur/Main_Page&redirectfrom=infopage">ویکی اخبار</a></b> <br /> آزاد متن خبریں </td> </tr><tr> <td style="text-align:center; padding:4px;"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://ur.wikiquote.org/wiki/" title="Wikiquote"><img alt="Wikiquote" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/46/Wikiquote-logo-51px.png" decoding="async" width="51" height="41" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="51" data-file-height="41" /></a></span> </td> <td style="padding:4px;"> <b><a class="external text" href="https://ur.wikiquote.org/">ویکی اقتباسات</a></b> <br /> مجموعۂ اقتباسات متنوع </td> <td style="text-align:center; padding:4px;"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://ur.wikisource.org/wiki/" title="Wikisource"><img alt="Wikisource" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Wikisource-logo.png/35px-Wikisource-logo.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="37" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Wikisource-logo.png/53px-Wikisource-logo.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Wikisource-logo.png/70px-Wikisource-logo.png 2x" data-file-width="409" data-file-height="431" /></a></span> </td> <td style="padding:4px;"> <b><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/">ویکی ماخذ</a></b> <br /> آزاد دارالکتب </td> <td style="text-align:center; padding:4px;"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/" title="Wikispecies"><img alt="Wikispecies" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bf/Wikispecies-logo-35px.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="41" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="35" data-file-height="41" /></a></span> </td> <td style="padding:4px;"> <b><a class="external text" href="https://species.wikimedia.org/">ویکی انواع</a></b> <br /> راہنامچۂ انواع </td> </tr><tr> <td style="text-align:center; padding:4px;"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://ur.wikiversity.org/wiki/" title="Wikiversity"><img alt="Wikiversity" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/41px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png" decoding="async" width="41" height="34" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/62px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/82px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="626" data-file-height="512" /></a></span> </td> <td style="padding:4px;"> <b><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikiversity.org/">ویکی جامعہ</a></b> <br /> آزاد تعلیمی مواد و مصروفیات </td> <td style="text-align:center; padding:4px;"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/" title="Wikivoyage"><img alt="Wikivoyage" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Wikivoyage-logo.svg/35px-Wikivoyage-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="35" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Wikivoyage-logo.svg/53px-Wikivoyage-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Wikivoyage-logo.svg/70px-Wikivoyage-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /></a></span> </td> <td style="padding:4px;"> <b><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/">ویکی سفر</a></b> <br /> آزاد سفری راہنما </td> <td style="text-align:center; padding:4px;"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://ur.wiktionary.org/wiki/" title="Wiktionary"><img alt="Wiktionary" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f2/Wiktionary-logo-51px.png" decoding="async" width="51" height="29" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="51" data-file-height="29" /></a></span> </td> <td style="padding:4px;"> <b><a class="external text" href="https://ur.wiktionary.org/">ویکی لغت</a></b> <br /> لغت و مخزن </td> </tr></tbody></table>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">اخذ کردہ از «<a dir="ltr" href="https://ur.wikibooks.org/w/index.php?title=صفحۂ_اول&oldid=8415">https://ur.wikibooks.org/w/index.php?title=صفحۂ_اول&oldid=8415</a>»</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B5:%D8%B2%D9%85%D8%B1%DB%81_%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="خاص:زمرہ جات">زمرہ</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%D8%B2%D9%85%D8%B1%DB%81:%D8%B5%D9%81%D8%AD%DB%81_%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%84" title="زمرہ:صفحہ اول">صفحہ اول</a></li></ul></div></div> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" 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Available in 83 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-83" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">83 زبانیں</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-aa mw-list-item"><a href="https://aa.wikibooks.org/wiki/Main_Page" title="Main Page – افار" lang="aa" hreflang="aa" data-title="Main Page" data-language-autonym="Qafár af" data-language-local-name="افار" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qafár af</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikibooks.org/wiki/Tuisblad" title="Tuisblad – افریقی" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Tuisblad" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="افریقی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikibooks.org/wiki/H%C4%93afods%C4%ABde" title="Hēafodsīde – Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Hēafodsīde" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Old English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikibooks.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D8%A6%D9%8A%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="الصفحة الرئيسية – عربی" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="الصفحة الرئيسية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="عربی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikibooks.org/wiki/Portada" title="Portada – اسٹوریائی" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Portada" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="اسٹوریائی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikibooks.org/wiki/Ana_s%C9%99hif%C9%99" title="Ana səhifə – آذربائیجانی" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Ana səhifə" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="آذربائیجانی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikibooks.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B4%D3%99%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA:%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%88_%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%82" title="Викидәреслек:Баш бит – باشکیر" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Викидәреслек:Баш бит" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="باشکیر" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikibooks.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%9E%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Галоўная старонка – بیلاروسی" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Галоўная старонка" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="بیلاروسی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikibooks.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0" title="Начална страница – بلغاری" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Начална страница" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="بلغاری" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikibooks.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%A7%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BE" title="প্রধান পাতা – بنگلہ" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="প্রধান পাতা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="بنگلہ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikibooks.org/wiki/Po%C4%8Detna_strana" title="Početna strana – بوسنیائی" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Početna strana" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="بوسنیائی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikibooks.org/wiki/Portada" title="Portada – کیٹالان" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Portada" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="کیٹالان" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikibooks.org/wiki/Wikiknihy:Hlavn%C3%AD_strana" title="Wikiknihy:Hlavní strana – چیک" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Wikiknihy:Hlavní strana" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="چیک" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikibooks.org/wiki/%D0%A2%C4%95%D0%BF_%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0" title="Тĕп страница – چوواش" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Тĕп страница" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="چوواش" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikibooks.org/wiki/Hafan" title="Hafan – ویلش" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Hafan" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="ویلش" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikibooks.org/wiki/Forside" title="Forside – ڈینش" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Forside" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="ڈینش" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikibooks.org/wiki/Hauptseite" title="Hauptseite – جرمن" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Hauptseite" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="جرمن" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikibooks.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CF%8D%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%B1_%CE%A3%CE%B5%CE%BB%CE%AF%CE%B4%CE%B1" title="Κύρια Σελίδα – یونانی" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Κύρια Σελίδα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="یونانی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Main_Page" title="Main Page – انگریزی" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Main Page" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="انگریزی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikibooks.org/wiki/%C4%88efpa%C4%9Do" title="Ĉefpaĝo – ایسپرانٹو" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Ĉefpaĝo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="ایسپرانٹو" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikibooks.org/wiki/Portada" title="Portada – ہسپانوی" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Portada" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="ہسپانوی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikibooks.org/wiki/Esileht" title="Esileht – اسٹونین" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Esileht" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="اسٹونین" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikibooks.org/wiki/Azala" title="Azala – باسکی" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Azala" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="باسکی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikibooks.org/wiki/%D8%B5%D9%81%D8%AD%D9%87%D9%94_%D8%A7%D8%B5%D9%84%DB%8C" title="صفحهٔ اصلی – فارسی" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="صفحهٔ اصلی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="فارسی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikibooks.org/wiki/Wikikirjasto:Etusivu" title="Wikikirjasto:Etusivu – فینیش" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Wikikirjasto:Etusivu" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="فینیش" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikibooks.org/wiki/Accueil" title="Accueil – فرانسیسی" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Accueil" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="فرانسیسی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikibooks.org/wiki/Haadside" title="Haadside – مغربی فریسیئن" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Haadside" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="مغربی فریسیئن" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikibooks.org/wiki/Portada" title="Portada – گالیشیائی" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Portada" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="گالیشیائی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikibooks.org/wiki/%D7%A2%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%93_%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%A9%D7%99" title="עמוד ראשי – عبرانی" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="עמוד ראשי" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="عبرانی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikibooks.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%96%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%83%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A0" title="मुखपृष्ठ – ہندی" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="मुखपृष्ठ" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="ہندی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikibooks.org/wiki/Glavna_stranica" title="Glavna stranica – کراتی" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Glavna stranica" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="کراتی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikibooks.org/wiki/Kezd%C5%91lap" title="Kezdőlap – ہنگیرین" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Kezdőlap" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ہنگیرین" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikibooks.org/wiki/%D4%B3%D5%AC%D5%AD%D5%A1%D5%BE%D5%B8%D6%80_%D5%A7%D5%BB" title="Գլխավոր էջ – آرمینیائی" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Գլխավոր էջ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="آرمینیائی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikibooks.org/wiki/Pagina_principal" title="Pagina principal – بین لسانیات" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Pagina principal" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="بین لسانیات" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikibooks.org/wiki/Halaman_Utama" title="Halaman Utama – انڈونیثیائی" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Halaman Utama" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="انڈونیثیائی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikibooks.org/wiki/Principal_p%C3%A1gine" title="Principal págine – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Principal págine" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikibooks.org/wiki/Fors%C3%AD%C3%B0a" title="Forsíða – آئس لینڈک" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Forsíða" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="آئس لینڈک" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikibooks.org/wiki/Pagina_principale" title="Pagina principale – اطالوی" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Pagina principale" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="اطالوی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikibooks.org/wiki/%E3%83%A1%E3%82%A4%E3%83%B3%E3%83%9A%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B8" title="メインページ – جاپانی" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="メインページ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="جاپانی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikibooks.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%97%E1%83%90%E1%83%95%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98_%E1%83%92%E1%83%95%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%93%E1%83%98" title="მთავარი გვერდი – جارجیائی" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="მთავარი გვერდი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="جارجیائی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikibooks.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B_%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%82" title="Басты бет – قزاخ" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Басты бет" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="قزاخ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikibooks.org/wiki/%E1%9E%91%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%96%E1%9F%90%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%8A%E1%9E%BE%E1%9E%98" title="ទំព័រដើម – خمیر" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="ទំព័រដើម" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="خمیر" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikibooks.org/wiki/%EC%9C%84%ED%82%A4%EC%B1%85:%EB%8C%80%EB%AC%B8" title="위키책:대문 – کوریائی" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="위키책:대문" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="کوریائی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikibooks.org/wiki/Destp%C3%AAk" title="Destpêk – کردش" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Destpêk" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="کردش" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikibooks.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%BA%D1%8B_%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BA" title="Башкы барак – کرغیزی" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Башкы барак" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="کرغیزی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikibooks.org/wiki/Pagina_prima" title="Pagina prima – لاطینی" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Pagina prima" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="لاطینی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikibooks.org/wiki/Veurblaad" title="Veurblaad – لیمبرگش" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Veurblaad" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="لیمبرگش" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikibooks.org/wiki/Pagrindinis_puslapis" title="Pagrindinis puslapis – لیتھوینین" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Pagrindinis puslapis" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="لیتھوینین" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikibooks.org/wiki/S%C4%81kumlapa" title="Sākumlapa – لیٹوین" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Sākumlapa" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="لیٹوین" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikibooks.org/wiki/Fandraisana" title="Fandraisana – ملاگاسی" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Fandraisana" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="ملاگاسی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikibooks.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0" title="Главна страница – مقدونیائی" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Главна страница" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="مقدونیائی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikibooks.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A7%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A8_%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%BE%E0%B5%BE" title="പ്രധാന താൾ – مالایالم" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="പ്രധാന താൾ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="مالایالم" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikibooks.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%96%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%83%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A0" title="मुखपृष्ठ – مراٹهی" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="मुखपृष्ठ" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="مراٹهی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikibooks.org/wiki/Laman_Utama" title="Laman Utama – مالے" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Laman Utama" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="مالے" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikibooks.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%96%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%83%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A0" title="मुख्य पृष्ठ – نیپالی" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="मुख्य पृष्ठ" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="نیپالی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikibooks.org/wiki/Hoofdpagina" title="Hoofdpagina – ڈچ" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Hoofdpagina" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="ڈچ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikibooks.org/wiki/Hovedside" title="Hovedside – نارویجین" lang="no" hreflang="no" data-title="Hovedside" data-language-autonym="Norsk" data-language-local-name="نارویجین" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikibooks.org/wiki/Acu%C3%A8lh" title="Acuèlh – آکسیٹان" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Acuèlh" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="آکسیٹان" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikibooks.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AE%E0%A9%81%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%96_%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%AB%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE" title="ਮੁੱਖ ਸਫ਼ਾ – پنجابی" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਮੁੱਖ ਸਫ਼ਾ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="پنجابی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikibooks.org/wiki/Wikibooks:Strona_g%C5%82%C3%B3wna" title="Wikibooks:Strona główna – پولش" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Wikibooks:Strona główna" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="پولش" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikibooks.org/wiki/Wikilivros:P%C3%A1gina_principal" title="Wikilivros:Página principal – پُرتگالی" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Wikilivros:Página principal" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="پُرتگالی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikibooks.org/wiki/Pagina_principal%C4%83" title="Pagina principală – رومینین" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Pagina principală" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="رومینین" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikibooks.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0" title="Заглавная страница – روسی" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Заглавная страница" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="روسی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikibooks.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%96%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%83%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A0%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D" title="मुख्यपृष्ठम् – سنسکرت" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="मुख्यपृष्ठम्" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="سنسکرت" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikibooks.org/wiki/V%C3%A1ldosiidu" title="Váldosiidu – شمالی سامی" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Váldosiidu" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="شمالی سامی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shn mw-list-item"><a href="https://shn.wikibooks.org/wiki/%E1%81%BC%E1%82%83%E1%82%88%E1%82%81%E1%80%B0%E1%80%9D%E1%80%BA%E1%82%81%E1%82%85%E1%81%B5%E1%80%BA%E1%82%88" title="ၼႃႈႁူဝ်ႁႅၵ်ႈ – شان" lang="shn" hreflang="shn" data-title="ၼႃႈႁူဝ်ႁႅၵ်ႈ" data-language-autonym="ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး " data-language-local-name="شان" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး </span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikibooks.org/wiki/%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%94%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%8A_%E0%B6%B4%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A7%E0%B7%94%E0%B7%80" title="මුල් පිටුව – سنہالا" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="මුල් පිටුව" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="سنہالا" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikibooks.org/wiki/Wikiknihy:Hlavn%C3%A1_str%C3%A1nka" title="Wikiknihy:Hlavná stránka – سلوواک" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Wikiknihy:Hlavná stránka" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="سلوواک" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikibooks.org/wiki/Glavna_stran" title="Glavna stran – سلووینیائی" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Glavna stran" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="سلووینیائی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikibooks.org/wiki/Faqja_Kryesore" title="Faqja Kryesore – البانی" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Faqja Kryesore" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="البانی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikibooks.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Главна страна – سربین" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Главна страна" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="سربین" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikibooks.org/wiki/Tepas" title="Tepas – سنڈانیز" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Tepas" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="سنڈانیز" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikibooks.org/wiki/Wikibooks:Huvudsida" title="Wikibooks:Huvudsida – سویڈش" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Wikibooks:Huvudsida" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="سویڈش" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikibooks.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="முதற் பக்கம் – تمل" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="முதற் பக்கம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="تمل" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikibooks.org/wiki/%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%8A%E0%B0%A6%E0%B0%9F%E0%B0%BF_%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%9C%E0%B1%80" title="మొదటి పేజీ – تیلگو" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="మొదటి పేజీ" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="تیلگو" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikibooks.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D2%B3%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%B8_%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BB%D3%A3" title="Саҳифаи аслӣ – تاجک" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Саҳифаи аслӣ" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="تاجک" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikibooks.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81" title="หน้าหลัก – تھائی" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="หน้าหลัก" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="تھائی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikibooks.org/wiki/Unang_Pahina" title="Unang Pahina – ٹیگا لوگ" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Unang Pahina" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="ٹیگا لوگ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikibooks.org/wiki/Anasayfa" title="Anasayfa – ترکی" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Anasayfa" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="ترکی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikibooks.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%88_%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%82" title="Баш бит – تاتار" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Баш бит" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="تاتار" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikibooks.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Головна сторінка – یوکرینیائی" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Головна сторінка" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="یوکرینیائی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikibooks.org/wiki/Trang_Ch%C3%ADnh" title="Trang Chính – ویتنامی" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Trang Chính" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="ویتنامی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikibooks.org/wiki/Wikibooks:%E9%A6%96%E9%A1%B5" title="Wikibooks:首页 – چینی" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" 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