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id="toc-Ancient_stronghold_of_Illyrians_and_Romans" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ancient_stronghold_of_Illyrians_and_Romans"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1 Ancient stronghold of Illyrians and Romans </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ancient_stronghold_of_Illyrians_and_Romans-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Migration_period_and_the_arrival_of_the_Croats" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Migration_period_and_the_arrival_of_the_Croats"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2 Migration period and the arrival of the Croats </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Migration_period_and_the_arrival_of_the_Croats-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Royal_Castle" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Royal_Castle"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.3 Royal Castle </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Royal_Castle-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Knights_Templar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Knights_Templar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.4 Knights Templar </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Knights_Templar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mongol_siege" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mongol_siege"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.5 Mongol siege </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mongol_siege-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Šubić's_rule" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Šubić's_rule"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.6 Šubić's rule </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Šubić's_rule-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Petar_Kružić_and_Uskoks" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Petar_Kružić_and_Uskoks"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.7 Petar Kružić and Uskoks </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Petar_Kružić_and_Uskoks-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Final_Ottoman_siege" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Final_Ottoman_siege"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.8 Final Ottoman siege </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Final_Ottoman_siege-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sanjak_centre_of_Ottoman_Bosnia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sanjak_centre_of_Ottoman_Bosnia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.9 Sanjak centre of Ottoman Bosnia </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sanjak_centre_of_Ottoman_Bosnia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-The_Klis_mosque_/_church" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_Klis_mosque_/_church"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.9.1 The Klis mosque / church </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_Klis_mosque_/_church-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Venetian_rule" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Venetian_rule"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.10 Venetian rule </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Venetian_rule-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Architecture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Architecture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Architecture </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Architecture-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Architecture subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Architecture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Fortress_outskirts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fortress_outskirts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 Fortress outskirts </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fortress_outskirts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Present_appearance" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Present_appearance"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2 Present appearance </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Present_appearance-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-First_defensive_line" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#First_defensive_line"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2.1 First defensive line </div> </a> <ul id="toc-First_defensive_line-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Second_defensive_line" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Second_defensive_line"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2.2 Second defensive line </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Second_defensive_line-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Third_defensive_line" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Third_defensive_line"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2.3 Third defensive line </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Third_defensive_line-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Present_day" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Present_day"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Present day </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Present_day-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_popular_culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_popular_culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 In popular culture </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_popular_culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gallery" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gallery"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Gallery </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gallery-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 Notes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 Bibliography </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 Further reading </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Fortress of Klis</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 22 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-22" aria-hidden="true" > 22 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%A9_%D9%83%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%B3" title="قلعة كليس – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="قلعة كليس" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81_(%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82)" title="Клис (крепост) – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Клис (крепост)" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pevnost_Klis" title="Pevnost Klis – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Pevnost Klis" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A6%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%8D%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BF_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%9A%CE%BB%CE%B9%CF%82" title="Φρούριο του Κλις – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Φρούριο του Κλις" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fortaleza_de_Klis" title="Fortaleza de Klis – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Fortaleza de Klis" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klis_gotorlekua" title="Klis gotorlekua – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Klis gotorlekua" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%87_%DA%A9%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%B3" title="قلعه کلیس – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="قلعه کلیس" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forteresse_de_Klis" title="Forteresse de Klis – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Forteresse de Klis" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tvr%C4%91ava_Klis" title="Tvrđava Klis – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Tvrđava Klis" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benteng_Klis" title="Benteng Klis – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Benteng Klis" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fortezza_di_Clissa" title="Fortezza di Clissa – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Fortezza di Clissa" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klissza_v%C3%A1ra" title="Klissza vára – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Klissza vára" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D1%82%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Клиска тврдина – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Клиска тврдина" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%A9_%D9%83%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%B3" title="قلعة كليس – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="قلعة كليس" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twierdza_Klis" title="Twierdza Klis – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Twierdza Klis" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fortaleza_de_Klis" title="Fortaleza de Klis – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Fortaleza de Klis" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trdnjava_Klis" title="Trdnjava Klis – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Trdnjava Klis" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kli%C5%A1ka_tvr%C4%91ava" title="Kliška tvrđava – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Kliška tvrđava" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klisf%C3%A4stningen" title="Klisfästningen – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Klisfästningen" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klis_Kalesi" title="Klis Kalesi – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Klis Kalesi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%86%D1%8F" title="Клиська фортеця – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Клиська фортеця" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%85%8B%E5%88%A9%E6%96%AF%E8%A6%81%E5%A1%9E" title="克利斯要塞 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="克利斯要塞" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><a 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.latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Fortress_of_Klis&params=43_33_36_N_16_31_26_E_type:landmark">43°33′36″N 16°31′26″E / 43.56000°N 16.52389°E / 43.56000; 16.52389</a></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle">(Redirected from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Klis_Fortress&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Klis Fortress">Klis Fortress</a>)</div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Medieval fortress in Klis, Croatia</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard" style="width:25.5em;border-spacing:2px;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Klis Fortress Tvrđava Klis</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;"><a href="/wiki/Klis" title="Klis">Klis</a>, near <a href="/wiki/Split_(city)" class="mw-redirect" title="Split (city)">Split</a> <a href="/wiki/Croatia" title="Croatia">Croatia</a> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Klis_Fortress_-_a_view_from_south-west.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Klis_Fortress_-_a_view_from_south-west.jpg/300px-Klis_Fortress_-_a_view_from_south-west.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="169" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Klis_Fortress_-_a_view_from_south-west.jpg/450px-Klis_Fortress_-_a_view_from_south-west.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Klis_Fortress_-_a_view_from_south-west.jpg/600px-Klis_Fortress_-_a_view_from_south-west.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="1080" /></a><div class="infobox-caption">The fortress, pictured here from the south-west at late afternoon, stands atop a hill</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a class="mw-kartographer-map notheme mw-kartographer-container center" style="width: 270px; height: 200px;" data-mw-kartographer="mapframe" data-style="osm-intl" data-width="270" data-height="200" data-zoom="15" data-overlays="["_745d3ddd422e20cc5b592eb2dad6d8527ebc4be0"]"><img src="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,15,a,a,270x200.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Fortress_of_Klis&revid=1253776653&groups=_745d3ddd422e20cc5b592eb2dad6d8527ebc4be0" width="270" height="200" decoding="async" srcset="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,15,a,a,270x200@2x.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Fortress_of_Klis&revid=1253776653&groups=_745d3ddd422e20cc5b592eb2dad6d8527ebc4be0 2x" alt="Map" /></a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap 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.od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:300px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:300px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:300px"><a href="/wiki/File:Croatia_relief_map.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Klis Fortress Tvrđava Klis is located in Croatia"><img alt="Klis Fortress Tvrđava Klis is located in Croatia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Croatia_relief_map.png/300px-Croatia_relief_map.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="290" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Croatia_relief_map.png/450px-Croatia_relief_map.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Croatia_relief_map.png/600px-Croatia_relief_map.png 2x" data-file-width="731" data-file-height="707" /></a><div class="od notheme" style="top:68.936%;left:50.351%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-5px;top:-5px"><img alt="Klis Fortress Tvrđava Klis" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/10px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/15px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/20px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:6px"><div>Klis Fortress Tvrđava Klis</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em"></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1em">Coordinates</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Fortress_of_Klis&params=43_33_36_N_16_31_26_E_type:landmark">43°33′36″N 16°31′26″E / 43.56000°N 16.52389°E / 43.56000; 16.52389</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1em">Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Fortification" title="Fortification">Fortification</a>, mixed</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Site information</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1em">Open to the public</th><td class="infobox-data">Yes <ul><li>June–September: daily 9 am–7 pm</li> <li>October–May: Sat–Sun 9 am–5 pm</li></ul> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1em">Condition</th><td class="infobox-data">Preserved, slightly renovated</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Site history</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1em">Built</th><td class="infobox-data">Unknown, probably in the 3rd century BC</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1em">Built by</th><td class="infobox-data">Small stronghold by <a href="/wiki/Illyrians" title="Illyrians">Illyrian</a> tribe of <a href="/wiki/Dalmatae" title="Dalmatae">Dalmatae</a>, later expanded mostly by: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Croats" title="Croats">Croatian</a> <a href="/wiki/Mislav_of_Croatia" class="mw-redirect" title="Mislav of Croatia">Mislav</a></li> <li>Croatian duke <a href="/wiki/Trpimir_I_of_Croatia" class="mw-redirect" title="Trpimir I of Croatia">Trpimir I</a></li> <li>Croatian <a href="/wiki/House_of_%C5%A0ubi%C4%87" class="mw-redirect" title="House of Šubić">House of Šubić</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Venice" title="Republic of Venice">Venetians</a> (present day aspect)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austrian_Empire" title="Austrian Empire">Austrian Empire</a></li></ul> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1em">Materials</th><td class="infobox-data">Limestone</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><div style="border:4px solid #CC3333; line-height: 1.5; text-align: center;"> <a href="/wiki/Register_of_Cultural_Goods_of_Croatia" title="Register of Cultural Goods of Croatia">Cultural Good of Croatia</a></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Type</th><td class="infobox-data">Protected cultural good</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Reference no.</th><td class="infobox-data">Z-4206<a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><th colspan="2"> </th></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr style="display:none"><th colspan="2"> </th></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1224211176">.mw-parser-output .quotebox{background-color:#F9F9F9;border:1px solid #aaa;box-sizing:border-box;padding:10px;font-size:88%;max-width:100%}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatleft{margin:.5em 1.4em .8em 0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatright{margin:.5em 0 .8em 1.4em}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.centered{overflow:hidden;position:relative;margin:.5em auto .8em auto}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatleft span,.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatright span{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .quotebox>blockquote{margin:0;padding:0;border-left:0;font-family:inherit;font-size:inherit}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-title{text-align:center;font-size:110%;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote>:first-child{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote:last-child>:last-child{margin-bottom:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote.quoted:before{font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:large;color:gray;content:" “ ";vertical-align:-45%;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote.quoted:after{font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:large;color:gray;content:" ” ";line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .left-aligned{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .right-aligned{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .center-aligned{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .quote-title,.mw-parser-output .quotebox .quotebox-quote{display:block}.mw-parser-output .quotebox cite{display:block;font-style:normal}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .quotebox{width:100%!important;margin:0 0 .8em!important;float:none!important}}</style><div class="quotebox pullquote floatright" style="width:50%; ;"> <div class="quotebox-title" style="">List of rulers</div> <blockquote class="quotebox-quote left-aligned" style=""> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1214851843">.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{box-sizing:border-box;width:100%;padding:5px;border:none;font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .hidden-title{font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .hidden-content{text-align:left}@media all and (max-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{width:auto!important;clear:none!important;float:none!important}}</style><div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style=""><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="text-align:center;">1.) Small stronghold (pre–835) (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kli%C5%A1ka_gradina&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kliška gradina (page does not exist)">Kliška gradina</a> [<a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kli%C5%A1ka_gradina" class="extiw" title="hr:Kliška gradina">hr</a>])</div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style=""> <ul><li>? – 9 AD <a href="/wiki/Illyrians" title="Illyrians">Illyrian</a> tribe of <a href="/wiki/Dalmatae" title="Dalmatae">Dalmatae</a> <a href="/wiki/File:Illyrian_pelte_shield_35_cm_diameter_(sketch).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Illyrian_pelte_shield_35_cm_diameter_%28sketch%29.jpg/20px-Illyrian_pelte_shield_35_cm_diameter_%28sketch%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Illyrian_pelte_shield_35_cm_diameter_%28sketch%29.jpg/30px-Illyrian_pelte_shield_35_cm_diameter_%28sketch%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Illyrian_pelte_shield_35_cm_diameter_%28sketch%29.jpg/40px-Illyrian_pelte_shield_35_cm_diameter_%28sketch%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="350" data-file-height="358" /></a></li> <li>9 AD – 476 <a href="/wiki/Roman_Empire" title="Roman Empire">Roman Empire</a> <a href="/wiki/File:Vexilloid_of_the_Roman_Empire.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Vexilloid_of_the_Roman_Empire.svg/20px-Vexilloid_of_the_Roman_Empire.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Vexilloid_of_the_Roman_Empire.svg/30px-Vexilloid_of_the_Roman_Empire.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Vexilloid_of_the_Roman_Empire.svg/40px-Vexilloid_of_the_Roman_Empire.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="245" data-file-height="343" /></a></li> <li>476–493 <a href="/wiki/Odoacer" title="Odoacer">Odoacer</a> <a href="/wiki/File:Solidus-Odoacer-ZenoRIC_3657cf.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Solidus-Odoacer-ZenoRIC_3657cf.jpg/40px-Solidus-Odoacer-ZenoRIC_3657cf.jpg" decoding="async" width="40" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Solidus-Odoacer-ZenoRIC_3657cf.jpg/60px-Solidus-Odoacer-ZenoRIC_3657cf.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Solidus-Odoacer-ZenoRIC_3657cf.jpg/80px-Solidus-Odoacer-ZenoRIC_3657cf.jpg 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="221" /></a></li> <li>493–537 <a href="/wiki/Theodoric_the_Great" title="Theodoric the Great">Theodoric the Great</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ostrogothic_Kingdom" title="Ostrogothic Kingdom">Ostrogothic Kingdom</a> <a href="/wiki/File:Theodoric_brick.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Theodoric_brick.png/35px-Theodoric_brick.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Theodoric_brick.png/53px-Theodoric_brick.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Theodoric_brick.png/70px-Theodoric_brick.png 2x" data-file-width="540" data-file-height="180" /></a></li> <li>537–614 <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Empire" title="Byzantine Empire">Byzantine Empire</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Byzantine_imperial_flag%2C_14th_century.svg/21px-Byzantine_imperial_flag%2C_14th_century.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Byzantine_imperial_flag%2C_14th_century.svg/32px-Byzantine_imperial_flag%2C_14th_century.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Byzantine_imperial_flag%2C_14th_century.svg/42px-Byzantine_imperial_flag%2C_14th_century.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="648" /> <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Empire" title="Byzantine Empire">Byzantine Empire</a></li> <li>614–620 <a href="/wiki/Slavs" title="Slavs">Slavs</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pannonian_Avars" title="Pannonian Avars">Avars</a></li> <li>620–640 <a href="/wiki/Croats" title="Croats">Croats</a>, a Slavic tribe <a href="/wiki/File:Croatia_CoA_1990.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Croatia_CoA_1990.svg/20px-Croatia_CoA_1990.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Croatia_CoA_1990.svg/30px-Croatia_CoA_1990.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Croatia_CoA_1990.svg/40px-Croatia_CoA_1990.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="519" data-file-height="536" /></a></li> <li>640–835 Dukes of <a href="/wiki/Croatia" title="Croatia">Croatia</a> <a href="/wiki/File:Croatia_CoA_1990.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Croatia_CoA_1990.svg/20px-Croatia_CoA_1990.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Croatia_CoA_1990.svg/30px-Croatia_CoA_1990.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Croatia_CoA_1990.svg/40px-Croatia_CoA_1990.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="519" data-file-height="536" /></a></li></ul> </div></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214851843"><div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style=""><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="text-align:center;">2.) Royal Castle (835–1102)</div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style=""> <ul><li>835–845 <a href="/wiki/Mislav_of_Croatia" class="mw-redirect" title="Mislav of Croatia">Duke Mislav</a> of <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Croatia" title="Duchy of Croatia">Duchy of Croatia</a> <a href="/wiki/File:Croatia_CoA_1990.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Croatia_CoA_1990.svg/20px-Croatia_CoA_1990.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Croatia_CoA_1990.svg/30px-Croatia_CoA_1990.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Croatia_CoA_1990.svg/40px-Croatia_CoA_1990.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="519" data-file-height="536" /></a></li> <li>845–864 <a href="/wiki/Trpimir_I_of_Croatia" class="mw-redirect" title="Trpimir I of Croatia">Duke Trpimir I</a> of <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Croatia" title="Duchy of Croatia">Duchy of Croatia</a> and founder of <a href="/wiki/House_of_Trpimirovi%C4%87" class="mw-redirect" title="House of Trpimirović">House of Trpimirović</a> <a href="/wiki/File:Croatia_CoA_1990.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Croatia_CoA_1990.svg/20px-Croatia_CoA_1990.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Croatia_CoA_1990.svg/30px-Croatia_CoA_1990.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Croatia_CoA_1990.svg/40px-Croatia_CoA_1990.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="519" data-file-height="536" /></a></li> <li>864–925 <a href="/wiki/House_of_Trpimirovi%C4%87" class="mw-redirect" title="House of Trpimirović">House of Trpimirović</a> <a href="/wiki/File:Croatia_CoA_1990.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Croatia_CoA_1990.svg/20px-Croatia_CoA_1990.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Croatia_CoA_1990.svg/30px-Croatia_CoA_1990.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Croatia_CoA_1990.svg/40px-Croatia_CoA_1990.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="519" data-file-height="536" /></a></li> <li>925 <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Croatia_(925%E2%80%931102)" title="Kingdom of Croatia (925–1102)">Kingdom of Croatia</a> ruled by King <a href="/wiki/Tomislav_of_Croatia" class="mw-redirect" title="Tomislav of Croatia">Tomislav</a> <a href="/wiki/File:Croatia_CoA_1990.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Croatia_CoA_1990.svg/20px-Croatia_CoA_1990.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Croatia_CoA_1990.svg/30px-Croatia_CoA_1990.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Croatia_CoA_1990.svg/40px-Croatia_CoA_1990.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="519" data-file-height="536" /></a></li> <li>925–1102 Croatian kings from <a href="/wiki/House_of_Trpimirovi%C4%87" class="mw-redirect" title="House of Trpimirović">House of Trpimirović</a> <a href="/wiki/File:Croatia_CoA_1990.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Croatia_CoA_1990.svg/20px-Croatia_CoA_1990.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Croatia_CoA_1990.svg/30px-Croatia_CoA_1990.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Croatia_CoA_1990.svg/40px-Croatia_CoA_1990.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="519" data-file-height="536" /></a></li></ul> </div></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214851843"><div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style=""><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="text-align:center;">3.) Fortress (1102–1458)</div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style=""> <ul><li>1102–1217 Mixed <a href="/wiki/Croatian_nobility" title="Croatian nobility">Croatian nobility</a> during <a href="/wiki/Personal_union" title="Personal union">personal union</a> between <a href="/wiki/Croatia_in_the_union_with_Hungary" class="mw-redirect" title="Croatia in the union with Hungary">Kingdom of Croatia</a> <a href="/wiki/File:Croatia_CoA_1990.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Croatia_CoA_1990.svg/20px-Croatia_CoA_1990.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Croatia_CoA_1990.svg/30px-Croatia_CoA_1990.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Croatia_CoA_1990.svg/40px-Croatia_CoA_1990.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="519" data-file-height="536" /></a> and <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Hungary" title="Kingdom of Hungary">Kingdom of Hungary</a> <a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_B%C3%A9la_III_of_Hungary_(used_1172%E2%80%931196)_-_02.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Coat_of_arms_of_B%C3%A9la_III_of_Hungary_%28used_1172%E2%80%931196%29_-_02.svg/20px-Coat_of_arms_of_B%C3%A9la_III_of_Hungary_%28used_1172%E2%80%931196%29_-_02.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Coat_of_arms_of_B%C3%A9la_III_of_Hungary_%28used_1172%E2%80%931196%29_-_02.svg/30px-Coat_of_arms_of_B%C3%A9la_III_of_Hungary_%28used_1172%E2%80%931196%29_-_02.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Coat_of_arms_of_B%C3%A9la_III_of_Hungary_%28used_1172%E2%80%931196%29_-_02.svg/40px-Coat_of_arms_of_B%C3%A9la_III_of_Hungary_%28used_1172%E2%80%931196%29_-_02.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="851" data-file-height="929" /></a></li> <li>1217–1221 <a href="/wiki/Pontius_de_Cruce" title="Pontius de Cruce">Pontius de Cruce</a> in charge of <a href="/wiki/Knights_Templar" title="Knights Templar">Knights Templar</a> <a href="/wiki/File:Cross_of_the_Knights_Templar.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Cross_of_the_Knights_Templar.svg/20px-Cross_of_the_Knights_Templar.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Cross_of_the_Knights_Templar.svg/30px-Cross_of_the_Knights_Templar.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Cross_of_the_Knights_Templar.svg/40px-Cross_of_the_Knights_Templar.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a> appointed by <a href="/wiki/Andrew_II_of_Hungary" title="Andrew II of Hungary">Andrew II</a> <a href="/wiki/File:Coa_Hungary_Country_History_Imre_(1196-1204).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Coa_Hungary_Country_History_Imre_%281196-1204%29.svg/20px-Coa_Hungary_Country_History_Imre_%281196-1204%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Coa_Hungary_Country_History_Imre_%281196-1204%29.svg/30px-Coa_Hungary_Country_History_Imre_%281196-1204%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Coa_Hungary_Country_History_Imre_%281196-1204%29.svg/40px-Coa_Hungary_Country_History_Imre_%281196-1204%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="230" data-file-height="300" /></a></li> <li>1221–1227 Prince <a href="/wiki/Domald_of_Sidraga" title="Domald of Sidraga">Domald</a> from Split</li> <li>1227–1242 Croatian nobility</li> <li>1242 Croatian nobles Brativoj and Butko Julijanov during Mongol siege of the fortress.</li> <li>1242–1273 Croatian nobility</li> <li>1273–1277 <a href="/wiki/Paul_I_%C5%A0ubi%C4%87_of_Bribir" title="Paul I Šubić of Bribir">Paul I Šubić of Bribir</a> <a href="/wiki/Ban_of_Croatia_and_Dalmatia" class="mw-redirect" title="Ban of Croatia and Dalmatia">Ban of Croatia and Dalmatia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lord_of_all_of_Bosnia" class="mw-redirect" title="Lord of all of Bosnia">Lord of all of Bosnia</a> <a href="/wiki/File:Bribir6_2.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Bribir6_2.JPG/25px-Bribir6_2.JPG" decoding="async" width="25" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Bribir6_2.JPG/38px-Bribir6_2.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Bribir6_2.JPG/50px-Bribir6_2.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1132" data-file-height="1056" /></a><a href="/wiki/File:Croatia_CoA_1990.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Croatia_CoA_1990.svg/20px-Croatia_CoA_1990.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Croatia_CoA_1990.svg/30px-Croatia_CoA_1990.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Croatia_CoA_1990.svg/40px-Croatia_CoA_1990.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="519" data-file-height="536" /></a></li> <li>1277–1302 <a href="/wiki/George_I_%C5%A0ubi%C4%87_of_Bribir" title="George I Šubić of Bribir">George I Šubić</a> <a href="/wiki/File:Croatia_CoA_1990.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Croatia_CoA_1990.svg/20px-Croatia_CoA_1990.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Croatia_CoA_1990.svg/30px-Croatia_CoA_1990.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Croatia_CoA_1990.svg/40px-Croatia_CoA_1990.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="519" data-file-height="536" /></a></li> <li>1302–1304 <a href="/wiki/Mladen_I_%C5%A0ubi%C4%87_of_Bribir" title="Mladen I Šubić of Bribir">Mladen I Šubić</a> <a href="/wiki/Ban_of_Bosnia" class="mw-redirect" title="Ban of Bosnia">Ban of Bosnia</a> (Dominus) <a href="/wiki/File:Croatia_CoA_1990.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Croatia_CoA_1990.svg/20px-Croatia_CoA_1990.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Croatia_CoA_1990.svg/30px-Croatia_CoA_1990.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Croatia_CoA_1990.svg/40px-Croatia_CoA_1990.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="519" data-file-height="536" /></a></li> <li>1304–1322 <a href="/wiki/Mladen_II_%C5%A0ubi%C4%87_of_Bribir" title="Mladen II Šubić of Bribir">Mladen II Šubić of Bribir</a> Ban of Croatia and Dalmatia and Lord of all Bosnia <a href="/wiki/File:Croatia_CoA_1990.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Croatia_CoA_1990.svg/20px-Croatia_CoA_1990.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Croatia_CoA_1990.svg/30px-Croatia_CoA_1990.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Croatia_CoA_1990.svg/40px-Croatia_CoA_1990.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="519" data-file-height="536" /></a></li> <li>1322–1330 <a href="/wiki/George_II_%C5%A0ubi%C4%87_of_Bribir" title="George II Šubić of Bribir">George II Šubić</a> <a href="/wiki/File:Croatia_CoA_1990.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Croatia_CoA_1990.svg/20px-Croatia_CoA_1990.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Croatia_CoA_1990.svg/30px-Croatia_CoA_1990.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Croatia_CoA_1990.svg/40px-Croatia_CoA_1990.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="519" data-file-height="536" /></a></li> <li>1330–1348 <a href="/wiki/Mladen_III_%C5%A0ubi%C4%87_of_Bribir" class="mw-redirect" title="Mladen III Šubić of Bribir">Mladen III Šubić of Bribir</a> "Shield of the Croats" <a href="/wiki/File:Croatia_CoA_1990.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Croatia_CoA_1990.svg/20px-Croatia_CoA_1990.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Croatia_CoA_1990.svg/30px-Croatia_CoA_1990.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Croatia_CoA_1990.svg/40px-Croatia_CoA_1990.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="519" data-file-height="536" /></a></li> <li>1348–1356 <a href="/wiki/Jelena_%C5%A0ubi%C4%87_(Nemanji%C4%87)" class="mw-redirect" title="Jelena Šubić (Nemanjić)">Jelena Šubić (Nemanjić)</a> as Mladen III Šubić's widow <a href="/wiki/File:Croatia_CoA_1990.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Croatia_CoA_1990.svg/20px-Croatia_CoA_1990.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Croatia_CoA_1990.svg/30px-Croatia_CoA_1990.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Croatia_CoA_1990.svg/40px-Croatia_CoA_1990.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="519" data-file-height="536" /></a></li> <li>1356–1387 Croatian nobility in the name of <a href="/wiki/Louis_I_of_Hungary" title="Louis I of Hungary">Louis I the Great</a> <a href="/wiki/File:Blason_Louis_Ier_de_Hongrie.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Blason_Louis_Ier_de_Hongrie.svg/20px-Blason_Louis_Ier_de_Hongrie.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Blason_Louis_Ier_de_Hongrie.svg/30px-Blason_Louis_Ier_de_Hongrie.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Blason_Louis_Ier_de_Hongrie.svg/40px-Blason_Louis_Ier_de_Hongrie.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="660" /></a></li></ul> Lands ruled by <a href="/wiki/Louis_I_of_Hungary" title="Louis I of Hungary">Louis</a> in the 1370s. <ul><li>1387–1394 Croatian noble <a href="/wiki/John_of_Palisna" title="John of Palisna">John of Palisna</a> (<a href="/wiki/Croatian_language" title="Croatian language">Croatian</a>: Ivan od Paližne) from <a href="/wiki/Vrana,_Zadar_County" title="Vrana, Zadar County">Vrana</a>, in the name of <a href="/wiki/Bosnia_(region)" title="Bosnia (region)">Bosnian</a> King <a href="/wiki/Tvrtko_I_of_Bosnia" title="Tvrtko I of Bosnia">Tvrtko I</a> <a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_Kingdom_of_Bosnia.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Coat_of_arms_of_Kingdom_of_Bosnia.svg/20px-Coat_of_arms_of_Kingdom_of_Bosnia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Coat_of_arms_of_Kingdom_of_Bosnia.svg/30px-Coat_of_arms_of_Kingdom_of_Bosnia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Coat_of_arms_of_Kingdom_of_Bosnia.svg/40px-Coat_of_arms_of_Kingdom_of_Bosnia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="458" data-file-height="559" /></a></li> <li>1394–1401 Ban <a href="/wiki/Nicholas_II_Garay" class="mw-redirect" title="Nicholas II Garay">Nikola II Gorjanski</a> in the name of <a href="/wiki/Sigismund,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Sigismund, Holy Roman Emperor">Sigismund</a> <a href="/wiki/File:SigismundLuc.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/SigismundLuc.jpg/25px-SigismundLuc.jpg" decoding="async" width="25" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/SigismundLuc.jpg/38px-SigismundLuc.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/SigismundLuc.jpg/50px-SigismundLuc.jpg 2x" data-file-width="255" data-file-height="249" /></a></li> <li>1401–1434 Croatian noble <a href="/wiki/Prince" title="Prince">Prince</a> <a href="/wiki/Ivan_III_Nelipac_(Ivani%C5%A1_Nelipi%C4%87)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ivan III Nelipac (Ivaniš Nelipić)">Ivaniš Nelipić</a> <a href="/wiki/File:Croatia_CoA_1990.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Croatia_CoA_1990.svg/20px-Croatia_CoA_1990.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Croatia_CoA_1990.svg/30px-Croatia_CoA_1990.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Croatia_CoA_1990.svg/40px-Croatia_CoA_1990.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="519" data-file-height="536" /></a></li> <li>1434–1436 Croatian noble and Ban of Croatia <a href="/wiki/Ivan_Frankopan" class="mw-redirect" title="Ivan Frankopan">Ivan Frankopan</a>, at that time in war with king Sigismund <a href="/wiki/File:Croatia_CoA_1990.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Croatia_CoA_1990.svg/20px-Croatia_CoA_1990.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Croatia_CoA_1990.svg/30px-Croatia_CoA_1990.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Croatia_CoA_1990.svg/40px-Croatia_CoA_1990.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="519" data-file-height="536" /></a></li> <li>1436–1437 Ivan Frankopan's widow peaceful handover the fortress <a href="/wiki/File:Croatia_CoA_1990.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Croatia_CoA_1990.svg/20px-Croatia_CoA_1990.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Croatia_CoA_1990.svg/30px-Croatia_CoA_1990.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Croatia_CoA_1990.svg/40px-Croatia_CoA_1990.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="519" data-file-height="536" /></a></li> <li>1437–1458 Croatian noble <a href="/wiki/Matko_Talovac" title="Matko Talovac">Matko Talovac</a> and later <a href="/wiki/Petar_Talovac" title="Petar Talovac">Petar</a> and Vladislav in the name of <a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Empire" title="Holy Roman Empire">Holy Roman Empire</a></li></ul> </div></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214851843"><div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style=""><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="text-align:center;">4.) Ottoman Wars (1513–1648)</div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style=""> <ul><li>1513–1537 Croatian noble, Prince of Klis <a href="/wiki/Petar_Kru%C5%BEi%C4%87" title="Petar Kružić">Petar Kružić</a> <a href="/wiki/File:Croatia_CoA_1990.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Croatia_CoA_1990.svg/20px-Croatia_CoA_1990.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Croatia_CoA_1990.svg/30px-Croatia_CoA_1990.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Croatia_CoA_1990.svg/40px-Croatia_CoA_1990.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="519" data-file-height="536" /></a></li> <li>1537–1596 <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a> <a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_(1844%E2%80%931922).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Flag_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_%281844%E2%80%931922%29.svg/25px-Flag_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_%281844%E2%80%931922%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Flag_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_%281844%E2%80%931922%29.svg/38px-Flag_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_%281844%E2%80%931922%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Flag_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_%281844%E2%80%931922%29.svg/50px-Flag_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_%281844%E2%80%931922%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></li> <li>1596–1596 <a href="/wiki/Uskoks" title="Uskoks">Uskoks</a> seized the fortress by treachery, but the Turks recovered it fairly quickly, in the same year <a href="/wiki/File:Croatia_CoA_1990.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Croatia_CoA_1990.svg/20px-Croatia_CoA_1990.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Croatia_CoA_1990.svg/30px-Croatia_CoA_1990.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Croatia_CoA_1990.svg/40px-Croatia_CoA_1990.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="519" data-file-height="536" /></a></li> <li>1596–1648 <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a> <a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_(1844%E2%80%931922).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Flag_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_%281844%E2%80%931922%29.svg/25px-Flag_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_%281844%E2%80%931922%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Flag_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_%281844%E2%80%931922%29.svg/38px-Flag_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_%281844%E2%80%931922%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Flag_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_%281844%E2%80%931922%29.svg/50px-Flag_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_%281844%E2%80%931922%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></li></ul> </div></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214851843"><div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style=""><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="text-align:center;">5.) Decline of military importance (1648–present)</div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style=""> <ul><li>1648–1797 <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Venice" title="Republic of Venice">Republic of Venice</a> <a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Most_Serene_Republic_of_Venice.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Flag_of_Most_Serene_Republic_of_Venice.svg/30px-Flag_of_Most_Serene_Republic_of_Venice.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Flag_of_Most_Serene_Republic_of_Venice.svg/45px-Flag_of_Most_Serene_Republic_of_Venice.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Flag_of_Most_Serene_Republic_of_Venice.svg/60px-Flag_of_Most_Serene_Republic_of_Venice.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></a></li> <li>1797–1805 <a href="/wiki/Austrian_Empire" title="Austrian Empire">Austrian Empire</a> as a part of <a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Empire" title="Holy Roman Empire">Holy Roman Empire</a> <a href="/wiki/File:Banner_of_the_Holy_Roman_Emperor_without_haloes_(1400-1806).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Banner_of_the_Holy_Roman_Emperor_without_haloes_%281400-1806%29.svg/30px-Banner_of_the_Holy_Roman_Emperor_without_haloes_%281400-1806%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Banner_of_the_Holy_Roman_Emperor_without_haloes_%281400-1806%29.svg/45px-Banner_of_the_Holy_Roman_Emperor_without_haloes_%281400-1806%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Banner_of_the_Holy_Roman_Emperor_without_haloes_%281400-1806%29.svg/60px-Banner_of_the_Holy_Roman_Emperor_without_haloes_%281400-1806%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></li> <li>1805–1813 <a href="/wiki/First_French_Empire" title="First French Empire">First French Empire</a> under <a href="/wiki/Napoleon_I_of_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Napoleon I of France">Napoleon Bonaparte</a> <a href="/wiki/File:Imperial_Coat_of_Arms_of_France_(1804-1815).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Imperial_Coat_of_Arms_of_France_%281804-1815%29.svg/20px-Imperial_Coat_of_Arms_of_France_%281804-1815%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Imperial_Coat_of_Arms_of_France_%281804-1815%29.svg/30px-Imperial_Coat_of_Arms_of_France_%281804-1815%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Imperial_Coat_of_Arms_of_France_%281804-1815%29.svg/40px-Imperial_Coat_of_Arms_of_France_%281804-1815%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="2229" /></a></li> <li>1813–1815 <a href="/wiki/Austrian_Empire" title="Austrian Empire">Austrian Empire</a> <a href="/wiki/File:Wappen_Kaisertum_%C3%96sterreich_1815_(Klein).png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Wappen_Kaisertum_%C3%96sterreich_1815_%28Klein%29.png/20px-Wappen_Kaisertum_%C3%96sterreich_1815_%28Klein%29.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Wappen_Kaisertum_%C3%96sterreich_1815_%28Klein%29.png/30px-Wappen_Kaisertum_%C3%96sterreich_1815_%28Klein%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Wappen_Kaisertum_%C3%96sterreich_1815_%28Klein%29.png/40px-Wappen_Kaisertum_%C3%96sterreich_1815_%28Klein%29.png 2x" data-file-width="550" data-file-height="707" /></a></li> <li>1815–1867 <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Dalmatia" title="Kingdom of Dalmatia">Kingdom of Dalmatia</a> <a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Kingdom_of_Dalmatia_(1852-1860).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_Kingdom_of_Dalmatia_%281852-1860%29.svg/25px-Flag_of_Kingdom_of_Dalmatia_%281852-1860%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_Kingdom_of_Dalmatia_%281852-1860%29.svg/38px-Flag_of_Kingdom_of_Dalmatia_%281852-1860%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_Kingdom_of_Dalmatia_%281852-1860%29.svg/50px-Flag_of_Kingdom_of_Dalmatia_%281852-1860%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="256" /></a> within <a href="/wiki/Austrian_Empire" title="Austrian Empire">Austrian Empire</a> <a href="/wiki/File:Wappen_Kaisertum_%C3%96sterreich_1815_(Klein).png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Wappen_Kaisertum_%C3%96sterreich_1815_%28Klein%29.png/20px-Wappen_Kaisertum_%C3%96sterreich_1815_%28Klein%29.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Wappen_Kaisertum_%C3%96sterreich_1815_%28Klein%29.png/30px-Wappen_Kaisertum_%C3%96sterreich_1815_%28Klein%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Wappen_Kaisertum_%C3%96sterreich_1815_%28Klein%29.png/40px-Wappen_Kaisertum_%C3%96sterreich_1815_%28Klein%29.png 2x" data-file-width="550" data-file-height="707" /></a></li> <li>1867–1918 <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Dalmatia" title="Kingdom of Dalmatia">Kingdom of Dalmatia</a> <a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Kingdom_of_Dalmatia_(1852-1860).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_Kingdom_of_Dalmatia_%281852-1860%29.svg/25px-Flag_of_Kingdom_of_Dalmatia_%281852-1860%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_Kingdom_of_Dalmatia_%281852-1860%29.svg/38px-Flag_of_Kingdom_of_Dalmatia_%281852-1860%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_Kingdom_of_Dalmatia_%281852-1860%29.svg/50px-Flag_of_Kingdom_of_Dalmatia_%281852-1860%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="256" /></a> within <a href="/wiki/Austria-Hungary" title="Austria-Hungary">Austria-Hungary</a> <a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Austria-Hungary_(1867%E2%80%931918).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Flag_of_Austria-Hungary_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg/25px-Flag_of_Austria-Hungary_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Flag_of_Austria-Hungary_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg/38px-Flag_of_Austria-Hungary_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Flag_of_Austria-Hungary_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg/50px-Flag_of_Austria-Hungary_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></li> <li>1918–1918 <a href="/wiki/State_of_Slovenes,_Croats_and_Serbs" title="State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs">State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs</a> <a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_State_of_Slovenes,_Croats_and_Serbs.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_the_State_of_Slovenes%2C_Croats_and_Serbs.svg/25px-Flag_of_the_State_of_Slovenes%2C_Croats_and_Serbs.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_the_State_of_Slovenes%2C_Croats_and_Serbs.svg/38px-Flag_of_the_State_of_Slovenes%2C_Croats_and_Serbs.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_the_State_of_Slovenes%2C_Croats_and_Serbs.svg/50px-Flag_of_the_State_of_Slovenes%2C_Croats_and_Serbs.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></li> <li>1918–1929 <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Yugoslavia" title="Kingdom of Yugoslavia">Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes</a> <a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Yugoslavia_(1918%E2%80%931941).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281918%E2%80%931941%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281918%E2%80%931941%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281918%E2%80%931941%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281918%E2%80%931941%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281918%E2%80%931941%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281918%E2%80%931941%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="341" /></a></li> <li>1929–1939 <a href="/wiki/Littoral_Banovina" title="Littoral Banovina">Littoral Banovina</a> within <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Yugoslavia" title="Kingdom of Yugoslavia">Kingdom of Yugoslavia</a> <a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Yugoslavia_(1918%E2%80%931941).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281918%E2%80%931941%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281918%E2%80%931941%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281918%E2%80%931941%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281918%E2%80%931941%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281918%E2%80%931941%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281918%E2%80%931941%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="341" /></a></li> <li>1939–1941 <a href="/wiki/Banovina_of_Croatia" title="Banovina of Croatia">Banovina of Croatia</a> <a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Banate_of_Croatia_(1939-1941).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Flag_of_Banate_of_Croatia_%281939-1941%29.svg/25px-Flag_of_Banate_of_Croatia_%281939-1941%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Flag_of_Banate_of_Croatia_%281939-1941%29.svg/38px-Flag_of_Banate_of_Croatia_%281939-1941%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Flag_of_Banate_of_Croatia_%281939-1941%29.svg/50px-Flag_of_Banate_of_Croatia_%281939-1941%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> within <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Yugoslavia" title="Kingdom of Yugoslavia">Kingdom of Yugoslavia</a> <a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Yugoslavia_(1918%E2%80%931941).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281918%E2%80%931941%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281918%E2%80%931941%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281918%E2%80%931941%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281918%E2%80%931941%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281918%E2%80%931941%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281918%E2%80%931941%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="341" /></a></li> <li>1941–1945 <a href="/wiki/Independent_State_of_Croatia" title="Independent State of Croatia">Independent State of Croatia</a> <a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Croatia_(1941%E2%80%931945).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_Croatia_%281941%E2%80%931945%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Croatia_%281941%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_Croatia_%281941%E2%80%931945%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Croatia_%281941%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_Croatia_%281941%E2%80%931945%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Croatia_%281941%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></li> <li>1945–1990 <a href="/wiki/Socialist_Republic_of_Croatia" title="Socialist Republic of Croatia">SR Croatia</a> <a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Croatia_(1947%E2%80%931990).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Croatia_%281947%E2%80%931990%29.svg/25px-Flag_of_Croatia_%281947%E2%80%931990%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Croatia_%281947%E2%80%931990%29.svg/38px-Flag_of_Croatia_%281947%E2%80%931990%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Croatia_%281947%E2%80%931990%29.svg/50px-Flag_of_Croatia_%281947%E2%80%931990%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></a> within <a href="/wiki/Socialist_Federal_Republic_of_Yugoslavia" title="Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia">SFR Yugoslavia</a> <a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Yugoslavia_(1946-1992).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281946-1992%29.svg/25px-Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281946-1992%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281946-1992%29.svg/38px-Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281946-1992%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281946-1992%29.svg/50px-Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281946-1992%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></a></li> <li>1990–1991 <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Croatia_(1990%E2%80%931991)" class="mw-redirect" title="Republic of Croatia (1990–1991)">Republic of Croatia</a> <a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Croatia_(1990).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_Croatia_%281990%29.svg/25px-Flag_of_Croatia_%281990%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_Croatia_%281990%29.svg/38px-Flag_of_Croatia_%281990%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_Croatia_%281990%29.svg/50px-Flag_of_Croatia_%281990%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="2000" /></a> within <a href="/wiki/Socialist_Federal_Republic_of_Yugoslavia" title="Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia">SFR Yugoslavia</a> <a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Yugoslavia_(1946-1992).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281946-1992%29.svg/25px-Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281946-1992%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281946-1992%29.svg/38px-Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281946-1992%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281946-1992%29.svg/50px-Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281946-1992%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></a></li> <li>1991–present <a href="/wiki/Croatia" title="Croatia">Croatia</a> <a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Croatia.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/25px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/38px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/50px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></li></ul> </div></div> </blockquote> </div> The Klis Fortress (<a href="/wiki/Croatian_language" title="Croatian language">Croatian</a>: Tvrđava Klis; <a href="/wiki/Italian_language" title="Italian language">Italian</a>: Fortezza di Clissa) is a <a href="/wiki/Medieval_fortress" class="mw-redirect" title="Medieval fortress">medieval fortress</a> situated above the <a href="/wiki/Klis" title="Klis">village of Klis</a>, near <a href="/wiki/Split_(city)" class="mw-redirect" title="Split (city)">Split</a>, <a href="/wiki/Croatia" title="Croatia">Croatia</a>. From its origin as a small <a href="/wiki/Fortification" title="Fortification">stronghold</a> built by the ancient <a href="/wiki/Illyrians" title="Illyrians">Illyrian</a> tribe <a href="/wiki/Dalmatae" title="Dalmatae">Dalmatae</a>, to a role as royal castle and seat of many <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Croatia_(925%E2%80%931102)" title="Kingdom of Croatia (925–1102)">Croatian kings</a>, to its final development as a large fortress during the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_wars_in_Europe" title="Ottoman wars in Europe">Ottoman wars in Europe</a>, Klis Fortress has guarded the frontier, being lost and re-conquered several times throughout its 2,000-year history. Due to its location on a pass that separates the mountains <a href="/wiki/Mosor" title="Mosor">Mosor</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mali_Kozjak" title="Mali Kozjak">Kozjak</a>, the fortress served as a major source of defense in Dalmatia, especially against the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a>. It has been a crossroad between the <a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_Sea" title="Mediterranean Sea">Mediterranean Sea</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Balkans" title="Balkans">Balkans</a>. Since <a href="/wiki/Mislav_of_Croatia" class="mw-redirect" title="Mislav of Croatia">Duke Mislav</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Croatia" title="Duchy of Croatia">Duchy of Croatia</a> made Klis Fortress the seat of his throne in the middle of the 9th century, the fortress served as the seat of many Croatia's rulers. His successor, <a href="/wiki/Trpimir_I_of_Croatia" class="mw-redirect" title="Trpimir I of Croatia">Duke Trpimir I</a>, is significant for spreading <a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a> in the Duchy of Croatia. He expanded the Klis Fortress, and in <a href="/wiki/Ri%C5%BEinice" class="mw-redirect" title="Rižinice">Rižinice</a> [<a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ri%C5%BEinice" class="extiw" title="hr:Rižinice">hr</a>], in the valley under the fortress, he built a <a href="/wiki/Church_(building)" title="Church (building)">church</a> and the first <a href="/wiki/Benedictine_monastery" class="mw-redirect" title="Benedictine monastery">Benedictine monastery</a> in Croatia. During the reign of the first Croatian king, <a href="/wiki/Tomislav_of_Croatia" class="mw-redirect" title="Tomislav of Croatia">Tomislav</a>, Klis and <a href="/wiki/Biograd_na_Moru" title="Biograd na Moru">Biograd na Moru</a> were his chief residences. In March 1242 at Klis Fortress, <a href="/wiki/Tatars" title="Tatars">Tatars</a> serving in the <a href="/wiki/Mongols" title="Mongols">Mongol</a> army suffered a major defeat while in pursuit of the Hungarian army led by King <a href="/wiki/B%C3%A9la_IV_of_Hungary" title="Béla IV of Hungary">Béla IV</a>. During the <a href="/wiki/Late_Middle_Ages" title="Late Middle Ages">Late Middle Ages</a>, the fortress was governed by <a href="/wiki/Croatian_nobility" title="Croatian nobility">Croatian nobility</a>, amongst whom <a href="/wiki/Paul_I_%C5%A0ubi%C4%87_of_Bribir" title="Paul I Šubić of Bribir">Paul I Šubić of Bribir</a> was the most significant. During his reign, the <a href="/wiki/House_of_%C5%A0ubi%C4%87" class="mw-redirect" title="House of Šubić">House of Šubić</a> controlled most of modern-day Croatia and Bosnia. Excluding the brief possession by the forces of <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Bosnia" title="Kingdom of Bosnia">Bosnian King</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tvrtko_I_of_Bosnia" title="Tvrtko I of Bosnia">Tvrtko I</a>, the fortress remained in Hungaro-Croatian hands for the next several hundred years, until the 16th century. Klis Fortress is best known for its role in the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_wars_in_Europe" title="Ottoman wars in Europe">Ottoman invasion of Europe</a> in the early 16th century. Croatian captain <a href="/wiki/Petar_Kru%C5%BEi%C4%87" title="Petar Kružić">Petar Kružić</a> led the defense of the fortress against a Turkish invasion and siege that lasted for more than a quarter of a century. During this defense, as Kružić and his soldiers fought without allies against the Turks, the military faction of <a href="/wiki/Uskoks" title="Uskoks">Uskoks</a> was formed, which later became famous as an elite Croatian militant sect. Ultimately, the defenders were defeated and the fortress fell to the Ottomans in 1537. After more than a century under Ottoman rule, in 1669, Klis Fortress was besieged and seized by the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Venice" title="Republic of Venice">Republic of Venice</a>. The Venetians restored and enlarged the fortress. In 1797, the fortress was taken by <a href="/wiki/Archduchy_of_Austria" title="Archduchy of Austria">Austria</a> after the <a href="/wiki/Fall_of_the_Republic_of_Venice" title="Fall of the Republic of Venice">Fall of the Republic of Venice</a>. Today, Klis Fortress contains a museum where visitors to this historic military structure can see an array of arms, armor, and traditional uniforms. <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Location">Location</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Fortress_of_Klis&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Location">edit</a>]</div> The fortress is located above the <a href="/wiki/Klis" title="Klis">village of Klis</a>, 11 kilometres (6.8 mi) from the <a href="/wiki/Adriatic_Sea" title="Adriatic Sea">Adriatic Sea</a>, on a pass that separates the mountains <a href="/wiki/Mosor" title="Mosor">Mosor</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mali_Kozjak" title="Mali Kozjak">Kozjak</a>, at the altitude of 360 metres (1,180 ft), northeast of <a href="/wiki/Split_(city)" class="mw-redirect" title="Split (city)">Split</a> in <a href="/wiki/Croatia" title="Croatia">Croatia</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Hrvatski_leksikon_470-2">[2]</a> Owing to its strategic position, the fortress was one of the region's most important <a href="/wiki/Fortification" title="Fortification">fortifications</a> in its history.<a href="#cite_note-građevinar-3">[3]</a> Perched on an isolated rocky eminence, inaccessible on three sides, the fortress overlooks Split, the ancient <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Rome" title="Ancient Rome">Roman</a> settlement of <a href="/wiki/Salona" title="Salona">Salona</a>, <a href="/wiki/Solin,_Croatia" class="mw-redirect" title="Solin, Croatia">Solin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ka%C5%A1tela" title="Kaštela">Kaštela</a> and <a href="/wiki/Trogir" title="Trogir">Trogir</a>, and most of the central <a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_in_the_Adriatic" title="List of islands in the Adriatic">Dalmatian islands</a>.<a href="#cite_note-građevinar-3">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-Wilkinson_169-172-4">[4]</a> Historically, the fortress has controlled access to and from <a href="/wiki/Bosnia_(region)" title="Bosnia (region)">Bosnia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dalmatia" title="Dalmatia">Dalmatia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Zagora_(Croatia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Zagora (Croatia)">inland Croatia</a>.<a href="#cite_note-građevinar-3">[3]</a> The importance of such a position was felt by every army that invaded, or held possession of this part of Croatia.<a href="#cite_note-Wilkinson_169-172-4">[4]</a> Klis Fortress was a point against which their attacks were always directed, and it has been remarkable for the many sieges it withstood.<a href="#cite_note-Wilkinson_169-172-4">[4]</a> It has been of major strategic value in Croatia throughout history.<a href="#cite_note-građevinar-3">[3]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Fortress_of_Klis&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ancient_stronghold_of_Illyrians_and_Romans">Ancient stronghold of Illyrians and Romans</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Fortress_of_Klis&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Ancient stronghold of Illyrians and Romans">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Dalmatae" title="Dalmatae">Dalmatae</a>, <a href="/wiki/Illyrian_Wars" class="mw-redirect" title="Illyrian Wars">Illyrian Wars</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Roman_Empire" title="Roman Empire">Roman Empire</a></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dalmatia%26Moesia_Superior.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Dalmatia%26Moesia_Superior.JPG/180px-Dalmatia%26Moesia_Superior.JPG" decoding="async" width="180" height="234" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Dalmatia%26Moesia_Superior.JPG/270px-Dalmatia%26Moesia_Superior.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Dalmatia%26Moesia_Superior.JPG/360px-Dalmatia%26Moesia_Superior.JPG 2x" data-file-width="5061" data-file-height="6589" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Roman_province_of_Dalmatia" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman province of Dalmatia">Roman province of Dalmatia</a>. The location of Klis is north of <a href="/wiki/Salonae" class="mw-redirect" title="Salonae">Salonae</a>.</figcaption></figure> The ancient <a href="/wiki/Illyrians" title="Illyrians">Illyrian</a> tribe of the <a href="/wiki/Dalmatae" title="Dalmatae">Dalmatae</a>, who held a stronghold on this spot, are the first known inhabitants to have lived on the site of today's Klis Fortress.<a href="#cite_note-Povijest_Klisa-5">[5]</a> They were defeated several times, and in the year 9 AD, finally annexed by <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Rome" title="Ancient Rome">Romans</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Povijest_Klisa-5">[5]</a> Today's Klis Fortress was known to the Romans by the name of "Andetrium" or "Anderium",<a href="#cite_note-Royal_Geographical_Society_589-6">[6]</a> and in later times "Clausura", which is the origin of later "Clissa" and modern "Klis".<a href="#cite_note-Wilkinson_169-172-4">[4]</a> To the Romans, Klis became famous for its celebrated siege by <a href="/wiki/Augustus" title="Augustus">Augustus</a>, at the time of the <a href="/wiki/Illyrian_revolt" class="mw-redirect" title="Illyrian revolt">Illyrian revolt</a> in Dalmatia.<a href="#cite_note-Collection_111-116-7">[7]</a> The road that lead from Klis to Salona was called "Via Gabiniana" or "Via Gabinia", which according to an inscription found at Salona, appears to have been made by <a href="/wiki/Tiberius" title="Tiberius">Tiberius</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Wilkinson_169-172-4">[4]</a> Southeast of the fortress, the traces of a Roman camp are still visible, as well as an inscription carved on a rock; both which are supposed to be contemporary with the siege under Tiberius.<a href="#cite_note-Wilkinson_169-172-4">[4]</a> The description of this siege during the <a href="/wiki/Illyrian_Wars" class="mw-redirect" title="Illyrian Wars">Illyrian Wars</a> demonstrates that this place was strong and unreachable in those times.<a href="#cite_note-Collection_111-116-7">[7]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Migration_period_and_the_arrival_of_the_Croats">Migration period and the arrival of the Croats</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Fortress_of_Klis&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Migration period and the arrival of the Croats">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Migration_period" class="mw-redirect" title="Migration period">Migration period</a> and <a href="/wiki/Croats" title="Croats">Croats</a></div> After the <a href="/wiki/Decline_of_the_Roman_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Decline of the Roman Empire">fall of the Roman Empire</a>, Barbarians plundered the region around Klis.<a href="#cite_note-Fine_22-8">[8]</a> First it was ruled by <a href="/wiki/Odoacer" title="Odoacer">Odoacer</a>, and then by the <a href="/wiki/Theodoric_the_Great" title="Theodoric the Great">Theodoric the Great</a>, after he eliminated Odoacer, and set up an <a href="/wiki/Ostrogothic_Kingdom" title="Ostrogothic Kingdom">Ostrogothic Kingdom</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Fine_22-8">[8]</a> After <a href="/wiki/Justinian_I" title="Justinian I">Justinian I</a> fought an almost continual war for forty years to recover the old Roman Empire, he seized Dalmatia, and Klis was from 537, a part of <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Empire" title="Byzantine Empire">Byzantine Empire</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Fine_22-8">[8]</a> The name of Klis (Kleisa or Kleisoura) was first described in chapter 29 of Emperor <a href="/wiki/Constantine_VII" title="Constantine VII">Constantine Porphyrogenitus'</a> De Administrando Imperio.<a href="#cite_note-Curta_100-101-9">[9]</a> While describing the Roman settlement of <a href="/wiki/Salona" title="Salona">Salona</a>, Constantine VII speaks of the stronghold, which may have been designed or improved, to prevent attacks on the coastal cities and roads by <a href="/wiki/Slavic_peoples" class="mw-redirect" title="Slavic peoples">Slavs</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Curta_100-101-9">[9]</a> Salona, the capital of the <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Dalmatia" class="mw-redirect" title="Byzantine Dalmatia">province of Dalmatia</a> was sacked and destroyed in 614 by <a href="/wiki/Avars_(Carpathians)" class="mw-redirect" title="Avars (Carpathians)">Avars</a> and <a href="/wiki/Slavs" title="Slavs">Slavs</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Fine_34-35-10">[10]</a> The population fled to <a href="/wiki/Diocletian%27s_Palace" title="Diocletian's Palace">Diocletian's</a> walled palace of Split, which was able to resist the invaders.<a href="#cite_note-Fine_34-35-10">[10]</a> Thereafter, Split rose quickly in importance as one of Dalmatia's major cities.<a href="#cite_note-Fine_34-35-10">[10]</a> In the 7th century the Avars were driven out by a second wave of <a href="/wiki/Croats" title="Croats">Croats</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Fine_34-35-10">[10]</a> on the invitation of Emperor <a href="/wiki/Heraclius" title="Heraclius">Heraclius</a>, in order to counter the Avar threat to the Byzantine Empire.<a href="#cite_note-Constantine_Porphyrogenitus-11">[11]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Royal_Castle">Royal Castle</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Fortress_of_Klis&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Royal Castle">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Croatia" title="Duchy of Croatia">Duchy of Croatia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Croatia_(925%E2%80%931102)" title="Kingdom of Croatia (925–1102)">Kingdom of Croatia (925–1102)</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Klis_Fortress_at_sunset.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Klis_Fortress_at_sunset.jpg/220px-Klis_Fortress_at_sunset.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Klis_Fortress_at_sunset.jpg/330px-Klis_Fortress_at_sunset.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Klis_Fortress_at_sunset.jpg/440px-Klis_Fortress_at_sunset.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="853" /></a><figcaption>A night view of the Klis Fortress from the north, with the city of Split in the background.</figcaption></figure> From the early 7th century on, Klis was an important Croat stronghold, and later, one of the seats of many Croatia's rulers.<a href="#cite_note-građevinar-3">[3]</a> In the 9th century, Croatian duke <a href="/wiki/Mislav_of_Croatia" class="mw-redirect" title="Mislav of Croatia">Mislav</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Croatia" title="Duchy of Croatia">Duchy of Croatia</a>, from 835 to 845, made the castle of Klis seat of his throne.<a href="#cite_note-Hrvatski_leksikon_470-2">[2]</a> Despite <a href="/wiki/Franks" title="Franks">Frankish</a> overlordship, the Franks had almost no role in Croatia in the period from the 820s through 840s. After Mislav's death, starting with <a href="/wiki/Trpimir_I_of_Croatia" class="mw-redirect" title="Trpimir I of Croatia">Duke Trpimir I</a>, Klis was ruled by royal members of the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Trpimirovi%C4%87" class="mw-redirect" title="House of Trpimirović">House of Trpimirović</a>, who were at first <a href="/wiki/Duke" title="Duke">Dukes</a> of the Croatian Duchy (dux Croatorum), and afterwards <a href="/wiki/Monarch" title="Monarch">Kings</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Croatia_(925%E2%80%931102)" title="Kingdom of Croatia (925–1102)">Croatian Kingdom</a> (rex Croatorum). They developed the early Roman stronghold into their capital.<a href="#cite_note-građevinar-3">[3]</a> Relations with the <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Empire" title="Byzantine Empire">Byzantines</a> greatly improved under the Croatian duke Trpimir I, who moved the dux's main residence from <a href="/wiki/Nin,_Croatia" title="Nin, Croatia">Nin</a> to Klis.<a href="#cite_note-Fine_257-12">[12]</a> The reign of Mislav's successor <a href="/wiki/Trpimir_I_of_Croatia" class="mw-redirect" title="Trpimir I of Croatia">Trpimir I</a>, is significant for spreading <a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a> in the medieval Croatian state, and for the first mention of the name "Croats" in domestic documents.<a href="#cite_note-Curta_139-13">[13]</a><a href="#cite_note-Hrvatski_leksikon_1022-14">[14]</a> On 4 March, in 852, Trpimir I issued a "Charter in Biaći" (<a href="/wiki/Latin_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin language">Latin</a>: in loco Byaci dicitur) in Latin, confirming Mislav's donations to the <a href="/wiki/Archbishopric" class="mw-redirect" title="Archbishopric">Archbishopric</a> in <a href="/wiki/Split_(city)" class="mw-redirect" title="Split (city)">Split</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Hrvatski_leksikon_1022-14">[14]</a> In this document Trpimir I named himself; "By the mercy of God, Duke of Croats" (<a href="/wiki/Latin_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin language">Latin</a>: Dux Chroatorum iuvatus munere divino), and his realm as the "Realm of the Croats" (<a href="/wiki/Latin_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin language">Latin</a>: Regnum Chroatorum).<a href="#cite_note-Hrvatski_leksikon_1022-14">[14]</a> In the same document Trpimir I mentioned Klis as his property — seat.<a href="#cite_note-Curta_139-13">[13]</a> Under Klis, at <a href="/wiki/Ri%C5%BEinice" class="mw-redirect" title="Rižinice">Rižinice</a> [<a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ri%C5%BEinice" class="extiw" title="hr:Rižinice">hr</a>], the duke Trpimir built a <a href="/wiki/Church_(building)" title="Church (building)">church</a> and the first <a href="/wiki/Order_of_St._Benedict" class="mw-redirect" title="Order of St. Benedict">Benedictine</a> <a href="/wiki/Monastery" title="Monastery">monastery</a> in Croatia, which is known from the discovery of a stone fragment on a gable arch from an altar screen, inscribed with the duke's name and title.<a href="#cite_note-Curta_139-13">[13]</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote">(<a href="/wiki/Latin_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin language">Latin</a> ... pro duce Trepimero ... – English... for Duke Trpimir ...)</blockquote> Archaeological excavations found that a church dedicated to <a href="/wiki/Saint_Vitus" title="Saint Vitus">Saint Vitus</a> was founded in the 10th century by a certain Croatian king, along with his wife, Queen <a href="/wiki/Domaslava" title="Domaslava">Domaslava</a>, which got destroyed during Ottoman conquests in the 16th century.<a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a> A controversial <a href="/wiki/Saxons" title="Saxons">Saxon</a> theologian of the mid-9th century, <a href="/wiki/Gottschalk_of_Orbais" title="Gottschalk of Orbais">Gottschalk of Orbais</a>, spent some time at Trpimir's court between 846 and 848.<a href="#cite_note-Curta_139-13">[13]</a> His work "De Trina deitate" is an important source of information for Trpimir's reign.<a href="#cite_note-Curta_139-13">[13]</a> Gottschalk was a witness to the battle between Trpimir and Byzantine strategos, when Trpimir was victorious.<a href="#cite_note-Curta_139-13">[13]</a> During the reign of Croatian king <a href="/wiki/Tomislav_of_Croatia" class="mw-redirect" title="Tomislav of Croatia">Tomislav</a>, who had no permanent capital, the castle of Klis along with <a href="/wiki/Biograd_na_Moru" title="Biograd na Moru">Biograd</a>, were his chief residences.<a href="#cite_note-Fine_263-16">[16]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Knights_Templar">Knights Templar</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Fortress_of_Klis&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Knights Templar">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Croatia_(1102%E2%80%931526)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of Croatia (1102–1526)">Kingdom of Croatia (1102–1526)</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Hungary" title="Kingdom of Hungary">Kingdom of Hungary</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Knights_Templar" title="Knights Templar">Knights Templar</a></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:First.Crusade.Map.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/First.Crusade.Map.jpg/200px-First.Crusade.Map.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="162" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/First.Crusade.Map.jpg/300px-First.Crusade.Map.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/First.Crusade.Map.jpg/400px-First.Crusade.Map.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1730" data-file-height="1402" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Croatia_(925%E2%80%931102)" title="Kingdom of Croatia (925–1102)">Croatian Kingdom</a> c. 1097 – 1102, during succession crisis. Klis is located north of <a href="/wiki/Spalato" class="mw-redirect" title="Spalato">Spalato</a>.</figcaption></figure> From the early 12th century, and after the decay of the native Croatian royal family of Trpimirović, the castle of Klis was mainly governed by <a href="/wiki/Croatian_nobility" title="Croatian nobility">Croatian nobility</a>, under the supremacy of Hungarian kings. The <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Croatia_(925%E2%80%931102)" title="Kingdom of Croatia (925–1102)">Kingdom of Croatia</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Hungary" title="Kingdom of Hungary">Kingdom of Hungary</a> were, from 1102, in a <a href="/wiki/Personal_union" title="Personal union">personal union</a> of two kingdoms, united under the Hungarian king.<a href="#cite_note-17">[Note 1]</a><a href="#cite_note-Regional_Surveys_of_the_World_271-18">[17]</a> <a href="/wiki/Andrew_II_of_Hungary" title="Andrew II of Hungary">Andrew II of Hungary</a> was extremely favorably disposed towards the <a href="/wiki/Knights_Templar" title="Knights Templar">Templars</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Hunyadi_and_Laszlovszky_137-19">[18]</a> During his participation in the <a href="/wiki/Fifth_Crusade" title="Fifth Crusade">Fifth Crusade</a>, he appointed <a href="/wiki/Pontius_de_Cruce" title="Pontius de Cruce">Pontius de Cruce</a>, Master of the Order in the Hungarian Kingdom, as a regent in Croatia and Dalmatia.<a href="#cite_note-Hunyadi_and_Laszlovszky_137-19">[18]</a> After his return in 1219, in recognition of the great logistical and financial support which the Order had given him during the campaign, he granted the Order the estate of <a href="/wiki/Gacka" title="Gacka">Gacka</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Hunyadi_and_Laszlovszky_137-19">[18]</a> Even before his departure from the city of Split in 1217, he had made over to the Templars the castle of Klis (Clissa), a strategic point in the hinterland of Split (Spalato), which controlled the approaches to the town.<a href="#cite_note-Wilkinson_169-172-4">[4]</a><a href="#cite_note-Hunyadi_and_Laszlovszky_137-19">[18]</a><a href="#cite_note-Archdeacon_161–163-20">[19]</a> The king Andrew was reluctant to entrust the castle of Klis to any of the local magnates, knowing what great harm could come from that castle.<a href="#cite_note-Archdeacon_161–163-20">[19]</a> It was the king's will that Split receive the castle of Klis for the defense of their city.<a href="#cite_note-Archdeacon_161–163-20">[19]</a> The city of Split showed little interest in the royal favors, so the king entrusted Klis into Templars hands.<a href="#cite_note-Archdeacon_161–163-20">[19]</a> Shortly after this, the Templars lost Klis, and, in exchange, the king gave them the coastal town of <a href="/wiki/%C5%A0ibenik" title="Šibenik">Šibenik</a> (Sebenico).<a href="#cite_note-Hunyadi_and_Laszlovszky_137-19">[18]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mongol_siege">Mongol siege</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Fortress_of_Klis&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Mongol siege">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Mongol_invasion_of_Europe" title="Mongol invasion of Europe">Mongol invasion of Europe</a></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tatarsinvade.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Tatarsinvade.jpg/200px-Tatarsinvade.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="136" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7a/Tatarsinvade.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="267" data-file-height="181" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/B%C3%A9la_IV_of_Hungary" title="Béla IV of Hungary">Béla IV</a> flees from the Mongols.</figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Tatars" title="Tatars">Tatars</a> under the leadership of <a href="/wiki/Kadan" title="Kadan">Kadan</a> experienced a major failure in March 1242 at Klis Fortress, when they were hunting for <a href="/wiki/B%C3%A9la_IV_of_Hungary" title="Béla IV of Hungary">Béla IV of Hungary</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Povijest_Klisa-5">[5]</a> The Tatars believed that the king was in the Klis Fortress, and so they began to attack from all sides, launching arrows and hurling spears.<a href="#cite_note-Archdeacon_299-21">[20]</a> However, the natural defenses of the fortress gave protection, and the Tatars could cause only limited harm.<a href="#cite_note-Archdeacon_299-21">[20]</a> They dismounted from their horses and began to creep up hand over hand to higher ground.<a href="#cite_note-Archdeacon_299-21">[20]</a> But the fortress defenders hurled huge stones at them, and managed to kill a great number.<a href="#cite_note-Archdeacon_299-21">[20]</a> This setback only made the Tatars more ferocious, and they came right up to the great walls and fought hand to hand.<a href="#cite_note-Archdeacon_299-21">[20]</a> They looted the houses in the outskirt of the fortress and took away much plunder, but failed to take Klis altogether.<a href="#cite_note-Archdeacon_299-21">[20]</a> Upon learning that the king was not there, they abandoned their attack, and ascending their mounts rode off in the direction of Trogir,<a href="#cite_note-Archdeacon_299-21">[20]</a> a number of them turning off toward Split.<a href="#cite_note-Archdeacon_299-21">[20]</a> The Mongols attacked the Dalmatian cities for the next few years but eventually withdrew without major success, as the mountainous terrain and distance were not suitable for their style of warfare.<a href="#cite_note-Klaić_V-22">[21]</a> They pursued Béla IV from town to town in Dalmatia.<a href="#cite_note-Klaić_V-22">[21]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Croatian_nobility" title="Croatian nobility">Croatian nobility</a> and Dalmatian towns such as <a href="/wiki/Trogir" title="Trogir">Trogir</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rab_(town)" title="Rab (town)">Rab</a> helped Béla IV to escape.<a href="#cite_note-Klaić_V-22">[21]</a> After this failure, the Mongols retreated and Béla IV rewarded the Croatian towns and nobility.<a href="#cite_note-Klaić_V-22">[21]</a> Only the city of <a href="/wiki/Split_(city)" class="mw-redirect" title="Split (city)">Split</a> did not help Béla IV in his escape.<a href="#cite_note-Klaić_V-22">[21]</a> Some historians claim that the mountainous terrain of Croatian Dalmatia was fatal for the Mongols, because they suffered great losses when attacked by the <a href="/wiki/Croats" title="Croats">Croats</a> from ambushes in mountain passes.<a href="#cite_note-Klaić_V-22">[21]</a> Other historians claim that the death of <a href="/wiki/%C3%96gedei_Khan" title="Ögedei Khan">Ögedei Khan</a> (<a href="/wiki/Croatian_language" title="Croatian language">Croatian</a>: Ogotaj) was the only reason for retreat. Much of Croatia was plundered by the Mongols, but without any major military success.<a href="#cite_note-Klaić_V-22">[21]</a> <a href="/wiki/Saint_Margaret_of_Hungary" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint Margaret of Hungary">Saint Margaret</a> (January 27, 1242 – January 18, 1271), a daughter of Béla IV and <a href="/wiki/Maria_Laskarina" title="Maria Laskarina">Maria Laskarina</a>, was born in Klis Fortress during the <a href="/wiki/Mongol_invasion_of_Europe" title="Mongol invasion of Europe">Mongol invasion of Hungary-Croatia</a>.<a href="#cite_note-građevinar-3">[3]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Šubić's_rule">Šubić's rule</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Fortress_of_Klis&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Šubić's rule">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/House_of_%C5%A0ubi%C4%87" class="mw-redirect" title="House of Šubić">House of Šubić</a></div> The weakening of royal authority under <a href="/wiki/Stephen_V_of_Hungary" title="Stephen V of Hungary">Stephen V of Hungary</a> allowed the <a href="/wiki/House_of_%C5%A0ubi%C4%87" class="mw-redirect" title="House of Šubić">House of Šubić</a> to regain their former role in Dalmatia.<a href="#cite_note-Fine_206-23">[22]</a> In 1274, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Stjepko_%C5%A0ubi%C4%87_of_Bribir&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stjepko Šubić of Bribir (page does not exist)">Stjepko Šubić of Bribir</a> died, and <a href="/wiki/Paul_I_%C5%A0ubi%C4%87_of_Bribir" title="Paul I Šubić of Bribir">Paul I Šubić of Bribir</a> succeeded him as the family elder.<a href="#cite_note-Fine_206-23">[22]</a> Soon, <a href="/wiki/Ladislaus_IV_of_Hungary" title="Ladislaus IV of Hungary">Ladislaus IV of Hungary</a>, recognizing the balance of power in Dalmatia, named Paul I as <a href="/wiki/Ban_of_Croatia_and_Dalmatia" class="mw-redirect" title="Ban of Croatia and Dalmatia">Ban of Croatia and Dalmatia</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Fine_206-23">[22]</a> Ladislaus IV died in 1290 leaving no sons, and a civil war between rival candidates, pro-Hungarian <a href="/wiki/Andrew_III_of_Hungary" title="Andrew III of Hungary">Andrew III of Hungary</a>, and pro-Croatian <a href="/wiki/Charles_Martel_of_Anjou" title="Charles Martel of Anjou">Charles Martel of Anjou</a>, started.<a href="#cite_note-Fine_207-208-24">[23]</a> Charles Martel's father <a href="/wiki/Charles_II_of_Naples" title="Charles II of Naples">Charles II of Naples</a>, awarded all Croatia from <a href="/wiki/Mala_Kapela" title="Mala Kapela">Gvozd Mountain</a> to the river <a href="/wiki/Neretva" title="Neretva">Neretva mouth</a> hereditary to Paul I Šubić of Bribir.<a href="#cite_note-Fine_207-208-24">[23]</a> Thus, Charles converted Paul's personal position as Ban into a hereditary one for the Šubić family.<a href="#cite_note-Fine_207-208-24">[23]</a> All the other nobles in this region, were to be vassals of Paul Šubić.<a href="#cite_note-Fine_207-208-24">[23]</a> In response, Andrew III in 1293 issued a similar charter for Paul Šubić.<a href="#cite_note-Fine_207-208-24">[23]</a> During this struggle over the throne, <a href="/wiki/George_I_%C5%A0ubi%C4%87_of_Bribir" title="George I Šubić of Bribir">George I Šubić of Bribir</a>, Ban Paul's brother went to Italy, visiting the pope and the Naples court.<a href="#cite_note-Fine_208-209-25">[24]</a> In August 1300, George I returned to Split, bringing <a href="/wiki/Charles_I_of_Hungary" title="Charles I of Hungary">Charles Robert</a> with him.<a href="#cite_note-Fine_208-209-25">[24]</a> Paul Šubić accompanied Charles Robert (later known as Charles I of Hungary) to <a href="/wiki/Zagreb" title="Zagreb">Zagreb</a>, where he was recognized as king; then they proceeded to <a href="/wiki/Esztergom" title="Esztergom">Esztergom</a>, where, in 1301, the Archbishop of Esztergom crowned him as King of Hungary and Croatia.<a href="#cite_note-Fine_208-209-25">[24]</a> Paul I Šubić, Ban of Croatia and Dalmatia, became <a href="/wiki/Lord_of_all_of_Bosnia" class="mw-redirect" title="Lord of all of Bosnia">Lord of all of Bosnia</a> in 1299.<a href="#cite_note-Fine_209-210-26">[25]</a> Although supporting the king, Paul I continued to act independently, and ruled over a large portion of modern-day Croatia and Bosnia.<a href="#cite_note-Fine_209-210-26">[25]</a> He appointed his brothers as commissars of Dalmatian cities, and gave Split to his brother <a href="/wiki/Mladen_I_%C5%A0ubi%C4%87_of_Bribir" title="Mladen I Šubić of Bribir">Mladen I Šubić</a>, and <a href="/wiki/%C5%A0ibenik" title="Šibenik">Šibenik</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nin,_Croatia" title="Nin, Croatia">Nin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Trogir" title="Trogir">Trogir</a> and <a href="/wiki/Omi%C5%A1" title="Omiš">Omiš</a> to his brother <a href="/wiki/George_I_%C5%A0ubi%C4%87_of_Bribir" title="George I Šubić of Bribir">George I Šubić</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Fine_209-210-26">[25]</a> After George I Šubić died in 1302, his brother Mladen I Šubić ruled as a <a href="/wiki/List_of_rulers_of_Bosnia" class="mw-redirect" title="List of rulers of Bosnia">Bosnian Ban</a> over <a href="/wiki/Bosnia" class="mw-redirect" title="Bosnia">Bosnia</a> from Klis Fortress, until he was killed in a battle during 1304.<a href="#cite_note-Fine_209-210-26">[25]</a> Then, Šubić gave the Klis Fortress to his son <a href="/wiki/Mladen_II_%C5%A0ubi%C4%87_of_Bribir" title="Mladen II Šubić of Bribir">Mladen II Šubić</a>, who ruled over Bosnia like his uncle Mladen I.<a href="#cite_note-Fine_209-210-26">[25]</a> <a href="/wiki/George_II_%C5%A0ubi%C4%87_of_Bribir" title="George II Šubić of Bribir">George II Šubić</a> and his son, <a href="/wiki/Mladen_III_%C5%A0ubi%C4%87_of_Bribir" class="mw-redirect" title="Mladen III Šubić of Bribir">Mladen III Šubić</a>, ruled over Klis Fortress until the late 14th century.<a href="#cite_note-Fine_209-210-26">[25]</a> During summer-long festivities in Klis Fortress, open to the whole population, Mladen III Šubić gave his sister's <a href="/wiki/Jelena_%C5%A0ubi%C4%87" title="Jelena Šubić">Jelena Šubić</a> hand in marriage to <a href="/wiki/Vladislaus_of_Bosnia" class="mw-redirect" title="Vladislaus of Bosnia">Vladislaus of Bosnia</a>, from the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Kotromani%C4%87" class="mw-redirect" title="House of Kotromanić">House of Kotromanić</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Klaić_V-22">[21]</a> Jelena Šubić gave birth to the first <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Bosnia" title="Kingdom of Bosnia">Bosnian King</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tvrtko_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Tvrtko I">Tvrtko I</a>, who later inherited the fortress.<a href="#cite_note-Povijest_Klisa-5">[5]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Petar_Kružić_and_Uskoks">Petar Kružić and Uskoks</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Fortress_of_Klis&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Petar Kružić and Uskoks">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Petar_Kru%C5%BEi%C4%87" title="Petar Kružić">Petar Kružić</a> and <a href="/wiki/Uskoks" title="Uskoks">Uskoks</a></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Clissa,_principal_fortezza_del_Turcho_nella_Dalmatia_-_Camocio_Giovanni_Francesco_-_1574.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="The location of the fortress on the image from the 16th century" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Clissa%2C_principal_fortezza_del_Turcho_nella_Dalmatia_-_Camocio_Giovanni_Francesco_-_1574.jpg/200px-Clissa%2C_principal_fortezza_del_Turcho_nella_Dalmatia_-_Camocio_Giovanni_Francesco_-_1574.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="157" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Clissa%2C_principal_fortezza_del_Turcho_nella_Dalmatia_-_Camocio_Giovanni_Francesco_-_1574.jpg/300px-Clissa%2C_principal_fortezza_del_Turcho_nella_Dalmatia_-_Camocio_Giovanni_Francesco_-_1574.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Clissa%2C_principal_fortezza_del_Turcho_nella_Dalmatia_-_Camocio_Giovanni_Francesco_-_1574.jpg/400px-Clissa%2C_principal_fortezza_del_Turcho_nella_Dalmatia_-_Camocio_Giovanni_Francesco_-_1574.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1174" /></a><figcaption>Klis Fortress in the 16th century, indicated as Clissa, with P.o di Clissa ('port of Klis') indicated to the south.</figcaption></figure> Owing to its location, Klis Fortress was an important defensive position during the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_conquest_of_the_Balkans" class="mw-redirect" title="Ottoman conquest of the Balkans">Ottoman conquest of the Balkans</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Singleton_60-61-27">[26]</a> The fortress stands along the route by which the Ottomans could penetrate the mountain barrier separating the coastal lowlands from around Split, from Turkish-held Bosnia.<a href="#cite_note-Singleton_60-61-27">[26]</a> The Croat feudal lord <a href="/wiki/Petar_Kru%C5%BEi%C4%87" title="Petar Kružić">Petar Kružić</a> gathered together a garrison composed of Croat refugees, who used the base at Klis both to hold the Turks at bay, and to engage in marauding and piracy against coastal shipping.<a href="#cite_note-Singleton_60-61-27">[26]</a> Although nominally accepting the sovereignty of the Habsburg king <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ferdinand,_Archduke_of_Austria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ferdinand, Archduke of Austria (page does not exist)">Ferdinand</a> who had obtained the Croatian crown in 1527,<a href="#cite_note-29">[Note 2]</a> Kružić and his freebooting <a href="/wiki/Uskoks" title="Uskoks">Uskoks</a> were a law unto themselves.<a href="#cite_note-Singleton_60-61-27">[26]</a> When a large Turkish force threatened the fortress, Kružić appealed to Ferdinand I for help, but the Emperor's attention was diverted by a Turkish invasion into <a href="/wiki/Slavonia" title="Slavonia">Slavonia</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Singleton_60-61-27">[26]</a> For more than two and half decades, Captain Kružić, also called (Prince of Klis), defended the fortress against the Turkish invasion.<a href="#cite_note-Povijest_Klisa-5">[5]</a> Kružić led the defense of Klis, and with his soldiers fought almost alone against the Ottomans, as they hurled army after army against the fortress.<a href="#cite_note-Povijest_Klisa-5">[5]</a> No troops would come from the Hungarian king, as they were defeated by the Ottomans at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Moh%C3%A1cs" title="Battle of Mohács">Battle of Mohács</a> in 1526, and the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Venice" title="Republic of Venice">Venetians</a> baulked at sending any help.<a href="#cite_note-Povijest_Klisa-5">[5]</a> Only the <a href="/wiki/Pope" title="Pope">popes</a> were willing to provide some men and money.<a href="#cite_note-Povijest_Klisa-5">[5]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Final_Ottoman_siege">Final Ottoman siege</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Fortress_of_Klis&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Final Ottoman siege">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Klis" title="Siege of Klis">Siege of Klis</a></div> <a href="/wiki/Pope_Paul_III" title="Pope Paul III">Pope Paul III</a> claimed some rights in Klis, and in September, 1536, there was talk in the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Curia" title="Roman Curia">Curia</a> of strengthening the defenses of the fortress.<a href="#cite_note-Setton_421-30">[28]</a> The Pope notified <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_I,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor">Ferdinand</a> that he was willing to share the costs of maintaining a proper garrison in Klis.<a href="#cite_note-Setton_421-30">[28]</a> Ferdinand I did send aid to Klis and was apparently hopeful of holding the fortress, when the Turks again laid siege to it.<a href="#cite_note-Setton_421-30">[28]</a> Ferdinand I recruited men from <a href="/wiki/Trieste" title="Trieste">Trieste</a> and elsewhere in the Habsburg lands, and Pope Paul III sent soldiers from <a href="/wiki/Ancona" title="Ancona">Ancona</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Setton_421-30">[28]</a> There were about 3,000 infantry in the reinforcements, which made a sizeable relief force, that were commanded by Petar Kružić, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Niccolo_dalla_Torre&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Niccolo dalla Torre (page does not exist)">Niccolo dalla Torre</a>, and a papal commissioner <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jacomo_Dalmoro_d%27Arbe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jacomo Dalmoro d'Arbe (page does not exist)">Jacomo Dalmoro d'Arbe</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Setton_421-30">[28]</a> On March 9, 1537, they disembarked near Klis, at a place called S. Girolamo, with fourteen pieces of artillery.<a href="#cite_note-Setton_421-30">[28]</a> After Ibrahim's death, <a href="/wiki/Suleiman_the_Magnificent" title="Suleiman the Magnificent">Suleiman the Magnificent</a> sent 8,000 men under the command of <a href="/wiki/Murat-beg_Tardi%C4%87" class="mw-redirect" title="Murat-beg Tardić">Murat-beg Tardić</a> (Amurat Vaivoda), a Croatian renegade who had been born in <a href="/wiki/%C5%A0ibenik" title="Šibenik">Šibenik</a>, to go and lay siege to Klis fortress (Clissa), and fight against Petar Kružić.<a href="#cite_note-Spandouginos_75-31">[29]</a> An initial encounter of the Christian relief force with the Turks was indecisive, but, on March 12, they were overwhelmed by the arrival of a great number of Turks.<a href="#cite_note-Setton_421-30">[28]</a> The attempts to relieve the citadel ended in farce.<a href="#cite_note-Bousfield_313-32">[30]</a> Badly-drilled reinforcements sent by the Habsburgs fled in fear of the Turks, and their attempts to re-board their boats at Solin bay caused many vessels to sink.<a href="#cite_note-Bousfield_313-32">[30]</a> Niccolo dalla Torre and the papal commissioner managed to escape.<a href="#cite_note-Spandouginos_75-31">[29]</a> Kružić himself – who had left the fortress to make contact with the reinforcements was captured and executed: the sight of his head on a stick was too much for the remaining defenders of Klis, who were now willing to give up the fortress in return for safe passage north.<a href="#cite_note-Bousfield_313-32">[30]</a> After Petar Kružić's death, and with a lack of water supplies, the Klis defenders finally surrendered to the Ottomans in exchange for their freedom, on March 12, 1537.<a href="#cite_note-Povijest_Klisa-5">[5]</a> Many of the citizens fled the town, while the <a href="/wiki/Uskoci" class="mw-redirect" title="Uskoci">Uskoci</a> retreated to the city of <a href="/wiki/Senj" title="Senj">Senj</a>, where they continued fighting the Turkish invaders.<a href="#cite_note-Povijest_Klisa-5">[5]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sanjak_centre_of_Ottoman_Bosnia">Sanjak centre of Ottoman Bosnia</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Fortress_of_Klis&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Sanjak centre of Ottoman Bosnia">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Bosnia_Eyalet" title="Bosnia Eyalet">Bosnia Eyalet</a></div> During the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_wars_in_Europe" title="Ottoman wars in Europe">Ottoman wars in Europe</a>, Klis Fortress was, for a century, an administrative centre or <a href="/wiki/Sanjak" title="Sanjak">sanjak</a> (Kilis Sancağı) of the <a href="/wiki/Bosnia_Eyalet" title="Bosnia Eyalet">Bosnia Eyalet</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Povijest_Klisa-5">[5]</a> On April 7, 1596, Split noblemen Ivan Alberti and Nikola Cindro, along with Uskoci, Poljičani, and Kaštelani irregulars, organized an occupation of Klis.<a href="#cite_note-Povijest_Klisa-5">[5]</a> Assisted by dissident elements of the Turkish garrison, they succeeded.<a href="#cite_note-Povijest_Klisa-5">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-Setton_9-33">[31]</a> Bey Mustafa responded by bringing more than 10,000 soldiers under the fortress.<a href="#cite_note-Povijest_Klisa-5">[5]</a> General <a href="/wiki/Ivan_Lenkovi%C4%87" title="Ivan Lenković">Ivan Lenković</a>, leading 1,000 Uskoci, came in relief of the 1,500 Klis defenders.<a href="#cite_note-Povijest_Klisa-5">[5]</a> During the battle, Ivan Lenković and his men retreated after he was wounded in battle, and the fortress was lost to the Turks, on May 31.<a href="#cite_note-Povijest_Klisa-5">[5]</a> Nevertheless, this temporary relief resounded in Europe and among the local population.<a href="#cite_note-Povijest_Klisa-5">[5]</a> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rijeka014.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Rijeka014.jpg/180px-Rijeka014.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="258" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Rijeka014.jpg/270px-Rijeka014.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Rijeka014.jpg/360px-Rijeka014.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1606" data-file-height="2303" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Petar_Kru%C5%BEi%C4%87" title="Petar Kružić">Petar Kružić</a> fighting the Ottomans</figcaption></figure> From the well-fortified position in the Klis Fortress, the Turks were a constant threat to the Venetians and to the local Croatian population in the surrounding area. In 1647, after the Turkish success at <a href="/wiki/Novigrad,_Zadar_County" title="Novigrad, Zadar County">Novigrad</a>, the Turks were said to have 30,000 troops ready to attack Split.<a href="#cite_note-Setton_144-34">[32]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Signoria" title="Signoria">Signoria</a> send off two thousand soldiers with munitions and provisions to the threatened area.<a href="#cite_note-Setton_144-34">[32]</a> Although Split and <a href="/wiki/Zadar" title="Zadar">Zadar</a> were strong fortresses, they were clearly in danger.<a href="#cite_note-Setton_144-34">[32]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="The_Klis_mosque_/_church">The Klis mosque / church</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Fortress_of_Klis&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: The Klis mosque / church">edit</a>]</div> The Ottomans built a stone mosque with a <a href="/wiki/Dome" title="Dome">dome</a> and a <a href="/wiki/Minaret" title="Minaret">minaret</a> on the foundations of an earlier Old Croatian Catholic chapel<a href="#cite_note-Foster_215-35">[33]</a> inside the Klis fortress shortly after they had conquered it. It is a simple constructed square with the octagonal stone roof, designed primarily for military/religious use by the garrisons stationed inside the fortress. After the Venetians had conquered the fortress from the Ottomans, they destroyed the minaret and converted the mosque into a Roman Catholic church, dedicated to <a href="/wiki/St._Vitus" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Vitus">St. Vitus</a> (<a href="/wiki/Croatian_language" title="Croatian language">Croatian</a>: Crkva St. Vida).<a href="#cite_note-građevinar-3">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-Foster_215-35">[33]</a> The building has been in that use ever since. It is one of three preserved Ottoman mosques on the territory of Croatia, the other two being in towns of <a href="/wiki/Drni%C5%A1" title="Drniš">Drniš</a> and <a href="/wiki/%C4%90akovo" title="Đakovo">Đakovo</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Venetian_rule">Venetian rule</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Fortress_of_Klis&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Venetian rule">edit</a>]</div> In 1420, the <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Anjou" title="Duchy of Anjou">Anjou</a> contender <a href="/wiki/Ladislaus_of_Naples" title="Ladislaus of Naples">Ladislaus of Naples</a> was defeated and forced to sail away for <a href="/wiki/Naples" title="Naples">Naples</a>. Upon his departure he sold his "rights" to Dalmatia to the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Venice" title="Republic of Venice">Venetian Republic</a> for the relatively meager sum of 100,000 <a href="/wiki/Ducats" class="mw-redirect" title="Ducats">ducats</a>. However, Klis and Klis Fortress remained parts of the Kingdom of Croatia.<a href="#cite_note-građevinar-3">[3]</a> From that time, the Venetians were eager to take control over Klis, as the fortress was one of the region's most important strategic points.<a href="#cite_note-Povijest_Klisa-5">[5]</a> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ottoman_empire.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Ottoman_empire.svg/200px-Ottoman_empire.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Ottoman_empire.svg/300px-Ottoman_empire.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Ottoman_empire.svg/400px-Ottoman_empire.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="750" /></a><figcaption>Territory of the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a> after the <a href="/wiki/Candian_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Candian War">Candian War</a>. Klis is located north of Spalato.</figcaption></figure> The Venetians fought for decades before they finally managed to re-take Klis.<a href="#cite_note-Povijest_Klisa-5">[5]</a> During the <a href="/wiki/Fifth_Ottoman%E2%80%93Venetian_War#War_in_Dalmatia" class="mw-redirect" title="Fifth Ottoman–Venetian War">Fifth Ottoman–Venetian War in Dalmatia</a> (1645–1669), the Venetians enjoyed the support of the local population of Dalmatia, particularly the <a href="/wiki/Morlachs" title="Morlachs">Morlachs</a> (Morlacchi).<a href="#cite_note-Povijest_Klisa-5">[5]</a> Venetian commander <a href="/wiki/Leonardo_Foscolo" title="Leonardo Foscolo">Leonardo Foscolo</a> seized several forts, retook <a href="/wiki/Novigrad,_Zadar_County" title="Novigrad, Zadar County">Novigrad</a>, temporarily captured the <a href="/wiki/Knin_Fortress" title="Knin Fortress">Knin Fortress</a>, and managed to compel the garrison of Klis Fortress to surrender. At the same time, a month-long siege of the Šibenik Fortress by the Ottomans in August and September failed.<a href="#cite_note-Fraser_244-245-36">[34]</a><a href="#cite_note-Setton_148-149-37">[35]</a> From 1669, Klis Fortress was in the possession of the Venetians, and it remained so until the <a href="/wiki/Fall_of_the_Republic_of_Venice" title="Fall of the Republic of Venice">fall of the Venetian state</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Povijest_Klisa-5">[5]</a> The Venetians restored and enlarged the fortress during their rule.<a href="#cite_note-građevinar-3">[3]</a> After another, the seventh war with the Turks from 1714 to 1718, the Venetians were able to advance up to the present Bosnian/Croatian border, taking in the whole <a href="/wiki/Sinjsko_Polje" title="Sinjsko Polje">Sinjsko Polje</a> and <a href="/wiki/Imotski" title="Imotski">Imotski</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Singleton_60-61-27">[26]</a> Venice had no serious challenge to its authority in Dalmatia for some time, reducing the importance of the fortress. <a href="/wiki/Napoleon_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Napoleon I">Napoleon</a>'s success in the <a href="/wiki/Italian_campaigns_of_the_French_Revolutionary_Wars" title="Italian campaigns of the French Revolutionary Wars">Italian campaigns of the French Revolutionary Wars</a> resulted in the Republic of Venice being partitioned in 1797.<a href="#cite_note-Singleton_60-61-27">[26]</a> Subsequently, Klis was taken by the Habsburg <a href="/wiki/Archduchy_of_Austria" title="Archduchy of Austria">Archduchy of Austria</a> as a result of the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Campo_Formio" title="Treaty of Campo Formio">Treaty of Campo Formio</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Povijest_Klisa-5">[5]</a> The border between Christian and Muslim Europe had moved further east in this time, and the fortress lost its strategic importance.<a href="#cite_note-građevinar-3">[3]</a> At some point during Austro-Hungarian rule in the 19th century, the military fully abandoned the fortress.<a href="#cite_note-građevinar-3">[3]</a> The last military occupation of Klis Fortress was by <a href="/wiki/Axis_powers" title="Axis powers">Axis powers</a> during <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>.<a href="#cite_note-građevinar-3">[3]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Architecture">Architecture</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Fortress_of_Klis&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Architecture">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Fortress_of_Klis_06.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Fortress_of_Klis_06.jpg/220px-Fortress_of_Klis_06.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Fortress_of_Klis_06.jpg/330px-Fortress_of_Klis_06.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Fortress_of_Klis_06.jpg/440px-Fortress_of_Klis_06.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4721" data-file-height="3147" /></a><figcaption>South view of the fortress.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Fortress_of_Klis_03.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Fortress_of_Klis_03.jpg/170px-Fortress_of_Klis_03.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="255" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Fortress_of_Klis_03.jpg/255px-Fortress_of_Klis_03.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Fortress_of_Klis_03.jpg/340px-Fortress_of_Klis_03.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3330" data-file-height="4996" /></a><figcaption>First gate of the fortress</figcaption></figure> Klis Fortress is one of the most valuable surviving examples of defensive <a href="/wiki/Architecture" title="Architecture">architecture</a> in Dalmatia.<a href="#cite_note-građevinar-3">[3]</a> The fortress is a remarkably comprehensive structure with three long rectangular defensive lines, consisting of three <a href="/wiki/Defensive_wall" title="Defensive wall">defensive stone walls</a>, which surround a central strongpoint, the "Položaj maggiore" at its eastern, highest end.<a href="#cite_note-Bousfield_313-32">[30]</a> "Položaj maggiore" or "Grand position" is a mixed Croatian-Italian term, dating from the time when Leonardo Foscolo captured the fortress for the Venetians in 1648.<a href="#cite_note-Bousfield_313-32">[30]</a> At that time, a village started to spread below the ramparts.<a href="#cite_note-Foster_215-35">[33]</a> The structures of the fortress are mostly irregular, as they were constructed to suit the natural topography.<a href="#cite_note-Wilkinson_169-172-4">[4]</a> Several small towers top the hills around Klis, built by the Turks to keep the fortress under surveillance.<a href="#cite_note-Wilkinson_169-172-4">[4]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fortress_outskirts">Fortress outskirts</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Fortress_of_Klis&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Fortress outskirts">edit</a>]</div> Klis Fortress rises on a bare cliff divided into two parts.<a href="#cite_note-građevinar-3">[3]</a> The first, lower part is on the west, out topped by Mount Greben from the north.<a href="#cite_note-građevinar-3">[3]</a> The second, higher part is on the east, and includes the Tower "Oprah", whose name most likely refers to a specific part in the defense.<a href="#cite_note-građevinar-3">[3]</a> In this section, which was not topped by any side, was located the flat of the <a href="/wiki/Commander" title="Commander">Commander</a>.<a href="#cite_note-građevinar-3">[3]</a> The only entrance into the fortress is from the western side.<a href="#cite_note-građevinar-3">[3]</a> On the southwest side of the fortress, and below it, was a resort (part of the modern village of Klis) called "borgo" or "suburbium", surrounded by double walls with 100–200 towers.<a href="#cite_note-građevinar-3">[3]</a> A similar but smaller resort (also part of modern village of Klis) existed below Mount Greben on a plateau called Megdan.<a href="#cite_note-građevinar-3">[3]</a> This included <a href="/wiki/Lazaretto" title="Lazaretto">lazarettoes</a> and <a href="/wiki/Quarantine" title="Quarantine">quarantines</a> which were in Turkish times called nazanama.<a href="#cite_note-građevinar-3">[3]</a> Many inns for travellers also once existed, which were used for isolation during epidemics.<a href="#cite_note-građevinar-3">[3]</a> Thus, the coastal towns, primarily the city of Split, was protected from epidemics that came from Bosnia.<a href="#cite_note-građevinar-3">[3]</a> Near the fortress were several sources of drinking water, and the closest was the "<a href="/wiki/Biblical_Magi" title="Biblical Magi">Holy Biblical Magi</a>" whose importance was invaluable during long sieges.<a href="#cite_note-građevinar-3">[3]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Present_appearance">Present appearance</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Fortress_of_Klis&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Present appearance">edit</a>]</div> The fortress was built into the south face of a rocky mass, and is barely discernible from the distance as a man-made structure.<a href="#cite_note-Foster_215-35">[33]</a> The defensive capabilities of the fortress have been tested through history in many <a href="/wiki/Military" title="Military">military</a> operations.<a href="#cite_note-građevinar-3">[3]</a> During the centuries of its use, the structure served various armies and has undergone a number of renovations to keep up with the development of arms.<a href="#cite_note-građevinar-3">[3]</a> The original appearance of the fortress is no longer known, due to the structural changes undertaken by Croatian nobility, Turks, Venetians and Austrians.<a href="#cite_note-građevinar-3">[3]</a> The present day aspect of a mostly <a href="/wiki/Rock_(geology)" title="Rock (geology)">stone</a> fortress dates back to the restructuring work carried out by the Venetians in the 17th century.<a href="#cite_note-Foster_215-35">[33]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="First_defensive_line">First defensive line</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Fortress_of_Klis&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: First defensive line">edit</a>]</div> Many buildings of the Klis Fortress, which are from 17th through 19th centuries, are partially or entirely preserved.<a href="#cite_note-građevinar-3">[3]</a> The Fortress actually consists of three parts, enclosed by walls with separate entrances.<a href="#cite_note-građevinar-3">[3]</a> The first main entrance was built by the Austrians in the early 19th century, on the place of an earlier Venetian entrance.<a href="#cite_note-građevinar-3">[3]</a> Left of the entrance is a fortification erected by the Venetians in the early 18th century.<a href="#cite_note-građevinar-3">[3]</a> Also, near the main entrance is a "position Avanzato" built in 1648, which was repeatedly renewed afterwards.<a href="#cite_note-građevinar-3">[3]</a> On the ground floor of the fortification is a narrow over-vaulted corridor, which is called a casemate.<a href="#cite_note-građevinar-3">[3]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Second_defensive_line">Second defensive line</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Fortress_of_Klis&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Second defensive line">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:HR-Festung-Klis-03.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Stone tower with flag left from stone entrance." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/HR-Festung-Klis-03.jpg/170px-HR-Festung-Klis-03.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="182" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/HR-Festung-Klis-03.jpg/255px-HR-Festung-Klis-03.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/HR-Festung-Klis-03.jpg/340px-HR-Festung-Klis-03.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3212" data-file-height="3442" /></a><figcaption>Oprah tower guarding a second entrance.</figcaption></figure> The second entrance which was significantly damaged in the siege of 1648, leads to the former medieval part of the fortress previously ruled by a Croatian nobility.<a href="#cite_note-građevinar-3">[3]</a> After 1648, Venetians fully restored the second entrance, but its present appearance was made by the Austrians during the early 19th century.<a href="#cite_note-građevinar-3">[3]</a> Along the northern wall near the second entrance is fortress-tower called "Oprah", the most important medieval fortification of the western part of the fortress.<a href="#cite_note-građevinar-3">[3]</a> It was mentioned for the first time in 1355, but later the Venetians made the lower crown on it.<a href="#cite_note-građevinar-3">[3]</a> Nearby the entrance are artillery barracks, built by the Austrians in the first half of the 19th century.<a href="#cite_note-građevinar-3">[3]</a> In 1931 its upper floor was ruined, so now only the ground floor remains.<a href="#cite_note-građevinar-3">[3]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Third_defensive_line">Third defensive line</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Fortress_of_Klis&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Third defensive line">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Fortress_of_Klis_05.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Entrance to the third defensive line, through the third gate in a medieval tower." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Fortress_of_Klis_05.jpg/220px-Fortress_of_Klis_05.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Fortress_of_Klis_05.jpg/330px-Fortress_of_Klis_05.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Fortress_of_Klis_05.jpg/440px-Fortress_of_Klis_05.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4839" data-file-height="3226" /></a><figcaption>Entrance to the third defensive line, through the third gate in a medieval tower.</figcaption></figure> The third entrance leads to the former medieval part built in the early Middle Ages.<a href="#cite_note-građevinar-3">[3]</a> The Venetians renewed it several times after conquest in 1648, and the last upgrade was in 1763.<a href="#cite_note-građevinar-3">[3]</a> Within this part of the fortress is the side tower, built during the 18th century, and completed in 1763.<a href="#cite_note-građevinar-3">[3]</a> Following is a repository of weapons built in the mid-17th century and old powder magazine from the 18th century.<a href="#cite_note-građevinar-3">[3]</a> The "House of Dux", later called governor's residence, was rebuilt in the mid-17th century on the foundations of the oldest buildings from the period of the Croatian kings.<a href="#cite_note-građevinar-3">[3]</a> Austrians repaired this building, and there were placed commandments unity of the fortress and Engineering.<a href="#cite_note-građevinar-3">[3]</a> On the top point of the fortress was a "new gunpowder storage", built in the early 19th century.<a href="#cite_note-građevinar-3">[3]</a> The oldest remaining building with the <a href="/wiki/Dome" title="Dome">dome</a> is a former square-shaped Turkish <a href="/wiki/Mosque" title="Mosque">mosque</a>, which has been converted into a Catholic church in the meantime. There used to be three altars, dedicated to St. Vid, Virgin Mary and St. Barbara, but today the church has no inventory.<a href="#cite_note-građevinar-3">[3]</a> The church contains a Baroque stone sink from the 17th century, which served as a baptistery, which has engraved on it the year of 1658.<a href="#cite_note-građevinar-3">[3]</a> West of the church is the bastion of Bembo, the largest artillery position in the third defense line and in the whole fortress.<a href="#cite_note-građevinar-3">[3]</a> It has wide holes for guns, and was built in the mid-17th century on the site of former Kružić's tower, and the defensive positions of Speranza.<a href="#cite_note-građevinar-3">[3]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Present_day">Present day</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Fortress_of_Klis&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Present day">edit</a>]</div> The Klis Fortress has been developed as a visitor attraction by the "Kliški uskoci" <a href="/wiki/Historical_reenactment" title="Historical reenactment">re-enactment</a> association in Klis with the aid of the conservation department of the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Croatia" title="Government of Croatia">Ministry of Culture</a> in Split.<a href="#cite_note-kliskiuskoci-38">[36]</a> Visitors to the historic military structure can see an array of arms, armor, and traditional uniforms in a building which was formerly an Austrian armory.<a href="#cite_note-kliskiuskoci-38">[36]</a> Klis is remembered in a Croatian <a href="/wiki/Byword_(saying)" class="mw-redirect" title="Byword (saying)">byword</a> based on the resistance of Klis and the strength of its people: It is difficult for Klis because it is on the rock and it is difficult for the rock because Klis is on it.<a href="#cite_note-građevinar-3">[3]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_popular_culture">In popular culture</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Fortress_of_Klis&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: In popular culture">edit</a>]</div> The fortress was used in a 1972 historical film <a href="/wiki/Eagle_in_a_Cage" title="Eagle in a Cage">Eagle in a Cage</a>, portraying <a href="/wiki/Saint_Helena" title="Saint Helena">Saint Helena</a>. Klis was also used as a location for the fictional city of <a href="/wiki/Meereen" class="mw-redirect" title="Meereen">Meereen</a> in the <a href="/wiki/HBO" title="HBO">HBO</a> series <a href="/wiki/Game_of_Thrones" title="Game of Thrones">Game of Thrones</a>.<a href="#cite_note-39">[37]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gallery">Gallery</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Fortress_of_Klis&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Gallery">edit</a>]</div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><a href="/wiki/File:%22Kli%C5%A1ki_uskoci%22_re-enactment_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title=""Kliški uskoci" re-enactment"><img alt=""Kliški uskoci" re-enactment" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/%22Kli%C5%A1ki_uskoci%22_re-enactment_1.jpg/120px-%22Kli%C5%A1ki_uskoci%22_re-enactment_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/%22Kli%C5%A1ki_uskoci%22_re-enactment_1.jpg/180px-%22Kli%C5%A1ki_uskoci%22_re-enactment_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/%22Kli%C5%A1ki_uskoci%22_re-enactment_1.jpg/240px-%22Kli%C5%A1ki_uskoci%22_re-enactment_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="533" data-file-height="800" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">"Kliški uskoci" re-enactment</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><a href="/wiki/File:%22Kli%C5%A1ki_uskoci%22_re-enactment_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Re-enactment of Croatians battling the Ottomans"><img alt="Re-enactment of Croatians battling the Ottomans" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/%22Kli%C5%A1ki_uskoci%22_re-enactment_2.jpg/180px-%22Kli%C5%A1ki_uskoci%22_re-enactment_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/%22Kli%C5%A1ki_uskoci%22_re-enactment_2.jpg/270px-%22Kli%C5%A1ki_uskoci%22_re-enactment_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/%22Kli%C5%A1ki_uskoci%22_re-enactment_2.jpg/360px-%22Kli%C5%A1ki_uskoci%22_re-enactment_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="533" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Re-enactment of Croatians battling the Ottomans</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Klis_-_Game_of_Thrones_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Game of Thrones film set"><img alt="Game of Thrones film set" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Klis_-_Game_of_Thrones_1.jpg/180px-Klis_-_Game_of_Thrones_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="121" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Klis_-_Game_of_Thrones_1.jpg/270px-Klis_-_Game_of_Thrones_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Klis_-_Game_of_Thrones_1.jpg/360px-Klis_-_Game_of_Thrones_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="537" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Game of Thrones film set</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Fortress_of_Klis_08_-_Cannon.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Cannon in the fortress"><img alt="Cannon in the fortress" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Fortress_of_Klis_08_-_Cannon.jpg/180px-Fortress_of_Klis_08_-_Cannon.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Fortress_of_Klis_08_-_Cannon.jpg/270px-Fortress_of_Klis_08_-_Cannon.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Fortress_of_Klis_08_-_Cannon.jpg/360px-Fortress_of_Klis_08_-_Cannon.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5043" data-file-height="3362" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Cannon in the fortress</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><a href="/wiki/File:HR-Festung-Klis-Kirche-2.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The Church of St. Vid located in the fortress"><img alt="The Church of St. Vid located in the fortress" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/HR-Festung-Klis-Kirche-2.jpg/180px-HR-Festung-Klis-Kirche-2.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/HR-Festung-Klis-Kirche-2.jpg/270px-HR-Festung-Klis-Kirche-2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/HR-Festung-Klis-Kirche-2.jpg/360px-HR-Festung-Klis-Kirche-2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2176" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">The Church of St. Vid located in the fortress</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Fortress_of_Klis&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1259569809">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/32px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/48px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/64px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /><a href="/wiki/Portal:Croatia" title="Portal:Croatia">Croatia portal</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_castles_in_Croatia" title="List of castles in Croatia">List of castles in Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rulers_of_Croatia" class="mw-redirect" title="List of rulers of Croatia">List of rulers of Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Croatian_history" title="Timeline of Croatian history">Timeline of Croatian history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Klis" title="Siege of Klis">Siege of Klis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Klis_(1596)" title="Battle of Klis (1596)">Battle of Klis (1596)</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Fortress_of_Klis&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Notes">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-17"><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a> The actual nature of the relationship is inexplicable in modern terms because it varied from time to time. (Bellamy (2003), p. 38.) Sometimes Croatia acted as an independent agent and at other times as a vassal of Hungary. (Bellamy (2003), p. 38.) However, Croatia retained a large degree of internal independence. (Bellamy (2003), p. 38.) The degree of Croatian autonomy fluctuated throughout the centuries as did its borders. (Singleton (1989), p. 29.) </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a> The Croatian nobles <a href="/wiki/1527_election_in_Cetin" title="1527 election in Cetin">met in 1527 at Cetin and elected Ferdinand as their king</a>, and confirmed the succession to him and his heirs. In return for the throne, Archduke Ferdinand promised to respect the historic rights, freedoms, laws, and customs the Croats had when united with the Hungarian kingdom and to defend Croatia from <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman</a> invasion.<a href="#cite_note-28">[27]</a> Between 1526 and the 1550s, the Kingdom of Hungary was embroiled in a succession dispute as well as the <a href="/wiki/Little_War_(Kingdom_of_Hungary)" class="mw-redirect" title="Little War (Kingdom of Hungary)">Little War</a>. </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Fortress_of_Klis&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 25em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://registar.kulturnadobra.hr/#/details/Z-4206">"Tvrđava Klis"</a>. 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London : Constable & Co. – via Internet Archive.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+southern+Slav+question+and+the+Habsburg+Monarchy&rft.pub=London+%3A+Constable+%26+Co.&rft.date=1911-07-11&rft.aulast=Seton-Watson&rft.aufirst=R.+W.+%28Robert+William%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsouthernslavques00seto&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFortress+of+Klis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Setton_421-30">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Setton_421_30-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Setton_421_30-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Setton_421_30-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Setton_421_30-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Setton_421_30-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Setton_421_30-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Setton_421_30-6">g</a> Setton (1984), p. 421. </li> <li id="cite_note-Spandouginos_75-31">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Spandouginos_75_31-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Spandouginos_75_31-1">b</a> Spandouginos (1997), p. 75. </li> <li id="cite_note-Bousfield_313-32">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Bousfield_313_32-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bousfield_313_32-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bousfield_313_32-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bousfield_313_32-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bousfield_313_32-4">e</a> Bousfield (2003), p. 313. </li> <li id="cite_note-Setton_9-33"><a href="#cite_ref-Setton_9_33-0">^</a> Setton (1984), p. 9. </li> <li id="cite_note-Setton_144-34">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Setton_144_34-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Setton_144_34-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Setton_144_34-2">c</a> Setton (1984), p. 144. </li> <li id="cite_note-Foster_215-35">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Foster_215_35-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Foster_215_35-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Foster_215_35-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Foster_215_35-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Foster_215_35-4">e</a> Foster (2004), p. 215. </li> <li id="cite_note-Fraser_244-245-36"><a href="#cite_ref-Fraser_244-245_36-0">^</a> Fraser (1854), pp. 244–245. </li> <li id="cite_note-Setton_148-149-37"><a href="#cite_ref-Setton_148-149_37-0">^</a> Setton (1991), pp. 148–149. </li> <li id="cite_note-kliskiuskoci-38">^ <a href="#cite_ref-kliskiuskoci_38-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-kliskiuskoci_38-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMihovilović" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Mihovilović, Sreten. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110721101102/http://www.kliskiuskoci.hr/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=54:otvorena-uskoka-oruarnica&catid=15:vijesti&Itemid=1&lang=en">"Otvorena "Uskočka oružarnica""</a>. kliskiuskoci.hr (in Croatian). Povijesna postrojba „Kliški uskoci“. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kliskiuskoci.hr/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=54%3Aotvorena-uskoka-oruarnica&catid=15%3Avijesti&Itemid=1&lang=en">the original</a> on 2011-07-21. Retrieved 2010-04-02.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=kliskiuskoci.hr&rft.atitle=Otvorena+%22Usko%C4%8Dka+oru%C5%BEarnica%22&rft.aulast=Mihovilovi%C4%87&rft.aufirst=Sreten&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kliskiuskoci.hr%2Findex.php%3Foption%3Dcom_content%26view%3Darticle%26id%3D54%253Aotvorena-uskoka-oruarnica%26catid%3D15%253Avijesti%26Itemid%3D1%26lang%3Den&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFortress+of+Klis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFago2013" class="citation web cs1">ago, Ours is the Fury 7 years (September 18, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170721055820/https://winteriscoming.net/2013/09/18/new-set-photos-from-klis-and-dubrovnik/">"New set photos from Klis and Dubrovnik"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://winteriscoming.net/2013/09/18/new-set-photos-from-klis-and-dubrovnik/">the original</a> on July 21, 2017. Retrieved July 11, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=New+set+photos+from+Klis+and+Dubrovnik&rft.date=2013-09-18&rft.aulast=ago&rft.aufirst=Ours+is+the+Fury+7+years&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwinteriscoming.net%2F2013%2F09%2F18%2Fnew-set-photos-from-klis-and-dubrovnik%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFortress+of+Klis" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_numeric_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list">link</a>) </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Fortress_of_Klis&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Bibliography">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFArchdeacon2006" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/Thomas_the_Archdeacon" title="Thomas the Archdeacon">Archdeacon, Thomas of Split</a> (2006). History of the Bishops of Salona and Split – Historia Salonitanorum atque Spalatinorum pontificum (in Latin and English). Budapest: Central European University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789637326592" title="Special:BookSources/9789637326592"><bdi>9789637326592</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=History+of+the+Bishops+of+Salona+and+Split+%E2%80%93+Historia+Salonitanorum+atque+Spalatinorum+pontificum&rft.place=Budapest&rft.pub=Central+European+University+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=9789637326592&rft.aulast=Archdeacon&rft.aufirst=Thomas+of+Split&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFortress+of+Klis" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBellamy2003" class="citation book cs1">Bellamy, Alex J (2003). The Formation of Croatian National Identity: A Centuries-old Dream. Manchester: Manchester University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7190-6502-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-7190-6502-X"><bdi>0-7190-6502-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Formation+of+Croatian+National+Identity%3A+A+Centuries-old+Dream&rft.place=Manchester&rft.pub=Manchester+University+Press&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=0-7190-6502-X&rft.aulast=Bellamy&rft.aufirst=Alex+J&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFortress+of+Klis" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBousfield2003" class="citation book cs1">Bousfield, Jonathan (2003). The Rough Guide to Croatia. London: Rough Guides. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781843530848" title="Special:BookSources/9781843530848"><bdi>9781843530848</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Rough+Guide+to+Croatia&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Rough+Guides&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=9781843530848&rft.aulast=Bousfield&rft.aufirst=Jonathan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFortress+of+Klis" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCollection1805" class="citation book cs1">Collection (1805). A Collection of Modern and Contemporary Voyages & Travels Vol I. London: Oxford University.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Collection+of+Modern+and+Contemporary+Voyages+%26+Travels+Vol+I&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Oxford+University&rft.date=1805&rft.au=Collection&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFortress+of+Klis" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCurta2006" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Florin_Curta" title="Florin Curta">Curta, Florin</a> (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/southeasterneuro0000curt">Southeastern Europe in the Middle Ages, 500–1250</a>. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-89452-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-89452-4"><bdi>978-0-521-89452-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Southeastern+Europe+in+the+Middle+Ages%2C+500%E2%80%931250&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-521-89452-4&rft.aulast=Curta&rft.aufirst=Florin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsoutheasterneuro0000curt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFortress+of+Klis" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFine1991" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/John_Van_Antwerp_Fine_Jr." title="John Van Antwerp Fine Jr.">Fine, John V. A. Jr.</a> (1991) [1983]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Y0NBxG9Id58C">The Early Medieval Balkans: A Critical Survey from the Sixth to the Late Twelfth Century</a>. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-472-08149-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-472-08149-7"><bdi>0-472-08149-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Early+Medieval+Balkans%3A+A+Critical+Survey+from+the+Sixth+to+the+Late+Twelfth+Century&rft.place=Ann+Arbor&rft.pub=University+of+Michigan+Press&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=0-472-08149-7&rft.aulast=Fine&rft.aufirst=John+V.+A.+Jr.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DY0NBxG9Id58C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFortress+of+Klis" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFine1994" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/John_Van_Antwerp_Fine_Jr." title="John Van Antwerp Fine Jr.">Fine, John V. A. Jr.</a> (1994) [1987]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=LvVbRrH1QBgC">The Late Medieval Balkans: A Critical Survey from the Late Twelfth Century to the Ottoman Conquest</a>. Ann Arbor, Michigan: University of Michigan Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-472-08260-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-472-08260-4"><bdi>0-472-08260-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Late+Medieval+Balkans%3A+A+Critical+Survey+from+the+Late+Twelfth+Century+to+the+Ottoman+Conquest&rft.place=Ann+Arbor%2C+Michigan&rft.pub=University+of+Michigan+Press&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=0-472-08260-4&rft.aulast=Fine&rft.aufirst=John+V.+A.+Jr.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DLvVbRrH1QBgC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFortress+of+Klis" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFoster2004" class="citation book cs1">Foster, Jane (2004). Footprint Croatia. Footprint Travel Guides. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-903471-79-6" title="Special:BookSources/1-903471-79-6"><bdi>1-903471-79-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Footprint+Croatia&rft.pub=Footprint+Travel+Guides&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=1-903471-79-6&rft.aulast=Foster&rft.aufirst=Jane&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFortress+of+Klis" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFraser1854" class="citation book cs1">Fraser, Robert William (1854). Turkey, Ancient and Modern. A History of the Ottoman Empire From the Period of Its Establishment to the Present Time. Edinburgh: Adam & Charles Black – Harvard University. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4021-2562-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4021-2562-1"><bdi>978-1-4021-2562-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Turkey%2C+Ancient+and+Modern.+A+History+of+the+Ottoman+Empire+From+the+Period+of+Its+Establishment+to+the+Present+Time&rft.place=Edinburgh&rft.pub=Adam+%26+Charles+Black+%E2%80%93+Harvard+University&rft.date=1854&rft.isbn=978-1-4021-2562-1&rft.aulast=Fraser&rft.aufirst=Robert+William&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFortress+of+Klis" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Hrvatski Opći Leksikon (in Croatian). 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The Crusades and the Military Orders: Expanding the Frontiers of Medieval Latin Christianity. Budapest: Central European University Press. Dept. of Medieval Studies. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/963-9241-42-3" title="Special:BookSources/963-9241-42-3"><bdi>963-9241-42-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Crusades+and+the+Military+Orders%3A+Expanding+the+Frontiers+of+Medieval+Latin+Christianity&rft.place=Budapest&rft.pub=Central+European+University+Press.+Dept.+of+Medieval+Studies&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=963-9241-42-3&rft.aulast=Hunyadi+and+Laszlovszky&rft.aufirst=Zsolt+and+J%C3%B3zsef&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFortress+of+Klis" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKlaić1985" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/Vjekoslav_Klai%C4%87" title="Vjekoslav Klaić">Klaić, Vjekoslav</a> (1985). Povijest Hrvata: Knjiga Prva, Druga, Treća, Četvrta i Peta (in Croatian). Zagreb: Nakladni zavod Matice hrvatske. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9788640100519" title="Special:BookSources/9788640100519"><bdi>9788640100519</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Povijest+Hrvata%3A+Knjiga+Prva%2C+Druga%2C+Tre%C4%87a%2C+%C4%8Cetvrta+i+Peta&rft.place=Zagreb&rft.pub=Nakladni+zavod+Matice+hrvatske&rft.date=1985&rft.isbn=9788640100519&rft.aulast=Klai%C4%87&rft.aufirst=Vjekoslav&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFortress+of+Klis" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRegional_Surveys_of_the_World1996" class="citation book cs1">Regional Surveys of the World (1996). Eastern Europe and the Commonwealth of Independent States, Fourth Edition. London: Europa Publications Limited. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-85743-058-1" title="Special:BookSources/1-85743-058-1"><bdi>1-85743-058-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Eastern+Europe+and+the+Commonwealth+of+Independent+States%2C+Fourth+Edition&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Europa+Publications+Limited&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=1-85743-058-1&rft.au=Regional+Surveys+of+the+World&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFortress+of+Klis" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRoyal_Geographical_Society_(Great_Britain)1856" class="citation book cs1">Royal Geographical Society (Great Britain) (1856). A Gazetteer of the World: AA-Brazey. London, Dublin: A. Fullarton & Co. – Oxford University.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Gazetteer+of+the+World%3A+AA-Brazey&rft.place=London%2C+Dublin&rft.pub=A.+Fullarton+%26+Co.+%E2%80%93+Oxford+University&rft.date=1856&rft.au=Royal+Geographical+Society+%28Great+Britain%29&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFortress+of+Klis" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSetton1984" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Setton" title="Kenneth Setton">Setton, Kenneth M.</a> (1984). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=EgQNAAAAIAAJ">The Papacy and the Levant (1204–1571), Volume III: The Sixteenth Century to the Reign of Julius III</a>. Philadelphia: The American Philosophical Society. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-87169-161-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-87169-161-2"><bdi>0-87169-161-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Papacy+and+the+Levant+%281204%E2%80%931571%29%2C+Volume+III%3A+The+Sixteenth+Century+to+the+Reign+of+Julius+III&rft.place=Philadelphia&rft.pub=The+American+Philosophical+Society&rft.date=1984&rft.isbn=0-87169-161-2&rft.aulast=Setton&rft.aufirst=Kenneth+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DEgQNAAAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFortress+of+Klis" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSetton1991" class="citation book cs1">Setton, Kenneth Meyer (1991). Venice, Austria, and the Turks in the Seventeenth Century. Philadelphia: Diane Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-87169-192-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-87169-192-2"><bdi>0-87169-192-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Venice%2C+Austria%2C+and+the+Turks+in+the+Seventeenth+Century&rft.place=Philadelphia&rft.pub=Diane+Publishing&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=0-87169-192-2&rft.aulast=Setton&rft.aufirst=Kenneth+Meyer&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFortress+of+Klis" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSingleton1989" class="citation book cs1">Singleton, Frederick Bernard (1989). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/shorthistoryofyu0000sing">A Short History of the Yugoslav Peoples</a>. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0521274852" title="Special:BookSources/978-0521274852"><bdi>978-0521274852</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Short+History+of+the+Yugoslav+Peoples&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1989&rft.isbn=978-0521274852&rft.aulast=Singleton&rft.aufirst=Frederick+Bernard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fshorthistoryofyu0000sing&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFortress+of+Klis" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSpandouginos1997" class="citation book cs1">Spandouginos, Theodore (1997). On the Origin of the Ottoman Emperors. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780521585101" title="Special:BookSources/9780521585101"><bdi>9780521585101</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=On+the+Origin+of+the+Ottoman+Emperors&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=9780521585101&rft.aulast=Spandouginos&rft.aufirst=Theodore&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFortress+of+Klis" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilkinson2005" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/John_Gardner_Wilkinson" title="John Gardner Wilkinson">Wilkinson, Sir John Gardner</a> (2005) [1848]. Dalmatia and Montenegro: With a Journey to Mostar in Herzegovina. Vol. I. London: John Murray – Harvard College Library. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781446043615" title="Special:BookSources/9781446043615"><bdi>9781446043615</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dalmatia+and+Montenegro%3A+With+a+Journey+to+Mostar+in+Herzegovina&rft.place=London&rft.pub=John+Murray+%E2%80%93+Harvard+College+Library&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=9781446043615&rft.aulast=Wilkinson&rft.aufirst=Sir+John+Gardner&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFortress+of+Klis" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Fortress_of_Klis&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Further reading">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFListeš1998" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Listeš, Srećko (1998). Klis: Prošlost, Toponimi, Govor (in Croatian). Klis: Hrvatsko društvo Trpimir. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789539675132" title="Special:BookSources/9789539675132"><bdi>9789539675132</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Klis%3A+Pro%C5%A1lost%2C+Toponimi%2C+Govor&rft.place=Klis&rft.pub=Hrvatsko+dru%C5%A1tvo+Trpimir&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=9789539675132&rft.aulast=Liste%C5%A1&rft.aufirst=Sre%C4%87ko&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFortress+of+Klis" class="Z3988"></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kliskiuskoci.hr/history_of_klis_and_fortress.html">Historical Unit Kliški uskoci – History of Klis and Fortress</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Fortress_of_Klis&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Klis_Fortress" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Klis Fortress">Klis Fortress</a>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kliskiuskoci.hr/index_en.html">Historical Unit Kliški uskoci</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMusulin2009" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Musulin, Nedjeljko (2009-11-04). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110721101254/http://www.min-kulture.hr/userdocsimages/tisak%20novo%202/kliski%20uskoci.pdf">"Kliška tvrđava, najveći muzej na otvorenome, pristupačnija turistima – Kliški uskoci opet čuvaju puteve do Dalmacije"</a> [Klis fortress, the largest museum in the open, more accessible to tourists – Uskoci of Klis guard the roads of Dalmatia once again] (PDF). <a href="/wiki/Vjesnik" title="Vjesnik">Vjesnik</a> (in Croatian). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.min-kulture.hr/userdocsimages/tisak%20novo%202/kliski%20uskoci.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 2011-07-21. Retrieved 2011-03-13.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Vjesnik&rft.atitle=Kli%C5%A1ka+tvr%C4%91ava%2C+najve%C4%87i+muzej+na+otvorenome%2C+pristupa%C4%8Dnija+turistima+%E2%80%93+Kli%C5%A1ki+uskoci+opet+%C4%8Duvaju+puteve+do+Dalmacije&rft.date=2009-11-04&rft.aulast=Musulin&rft.aufirst=Nedjeljko&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.min-kulture.hr%2Fuserdocsimages%2Ftisak%2520novo%25202%2Fkliski%2520uskoci.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFortress+of+Klis" class="Z3988"></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pljusak.com/hrmh_show_image.php?file=klis_webcam1.jpg">Webcam from top of the Klis fortress</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Croatia" title="Croatia">Croatia</a> – Castles, fortresses, and palaces in Croatia</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#C19A6B;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Croatia" title="Croatia">Croatia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bajnski_Dvori_Castle" title="Bajnski Dvori Castle">Bajnski Dvori Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banfi_Manor" title="Banfi Manor">Banfi Manor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blagaj_Castle" title="Blagaj Castle">Blagaj Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brod_Fortress" title="Brod Fortress">Brod Fortress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Califfi_Castle" title="Califfi Castle">Califfi Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambi_Castle" title="Cambi Castle">Cambi Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cetin_Castle" title="Cetin Castle">Cetin Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cippico_Castle" title="Cippico Castle">Cippico Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%8Ca%C4%8Dvina_Castle" title="Čačvina Castle">Čačvina Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%8Cakovec_Castle" title="Čakovec Castle">Čakovec Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dobra_Ku%C4%87a" title="Dobra Kuća">Dobra Kuća</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drivenik_Castle" title="Drivenik Castle">Drivenik Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dubovac_Castle" title="Dubovac Castle">Dubovac Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dvigrad" title="Dvigrad">Dvigrad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_town_%C4%90ur%C4%91evac" title="Old town Đurđevac">Đurđevac Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eltz_Manor" title="Eltz Manor">Eltz Manor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erdut_Castle" title="Erdut Castle">Erdut Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fe%C5%A1teti%C4%87_Castle" title="Feštetić Castle">Feštetić Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fortica_Fortress_in_Oto%C4%8Dac" title="Fortica Fortress in Otočac">Fortica Fortress (Otočac)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frankopan_Castle" title="Frankopan Castle">Frankopan Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dinari%C4%87_Fortress" title="Dinarić Fortress">Glavaš-Dinarić Fortress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gri%C5%BEane_Castle" title="Grižane Castle">Grižane Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gvozdansko_Castle" title="Gvozdansko Castle">Gvozdansko Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hreljin_Castle" title="Hreljin Castle">Hreljin Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilok_Castle" title="Ilok Castle">Ilok Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamerlengo_Castle" title="Kamerlengo Castle">Kamerlengo Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kami%C4%8Dak_Castle" title="Kamičak Castle">Kamičak (Krka)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ka%C5%A1tilac" title="Kaštilac">Kaštilac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erd%C3%B6dy_castle,_Kerestinec" title="Erdödy castle, Kerestinec">Kerestinec Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Klenovnik_Castle" title="Klenovnik Castle">Klenovnik Castle</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Fortress of Klis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knin_Fortress" title="Knin Fortress">Knin Fortress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kostajnica_Fortress" title="Kostajnica Fortress">Kostajnica Fortress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lovrijenac" title="Lovrijenac">Lovrijenac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lu%C5%BEnica_Manor" title="Lužnica Manor">Lužnica Manor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maru%C5%A1evec_Castle" title="Maruševec Castle">Maruševec Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medvedgrad" title="Medvedgrad">Medvedgrad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milengrad" title="Milengrad">Milengrad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mirabella_Fortress_(Peovica)" title="Mirabella Fortress (Peovica)">Mirabella Fortress (Peovica)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monkodonja" title="Monkodonja">Monkodonja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ne%C4%8Dven" title="Nečven">Nečven</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nehaj_Fortress" title="Nehaj Fortress">Nehaj Fortress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nesactium" title="Nesactium">Nesactium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Novigrad_Castle" title="Novigrad Castle">Novigrad Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Novigrad_na_Dobri" title="Novigrad na Dobri">Novigrad na Dobri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Novi_Dvori" title="Novi Dvori">Novi Dvori</a> of Zaprešić</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Novi_Zrin" title="Novi Zrin">Novi Zrin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opeka_Manor" title="Opeka Manor">Opeka Manor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Or%C5%A1i%C4%87_Castle_in_Gornja_Stubica" title="Oršić Castle in Gornja Stubica">Oršić Castle in Gornja Stubica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ostrovica_Fortress" title="Ostrovica Fortress">Ostrovica Fortress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ozalj_Castle" title="Ozalj Castle">Ozalj Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paz,_Croatia" title="Paz, Croatia">Paz Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pazin_Castle" title="Pazin Castle">Pazin Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peja%C4%8Devi%C4%87_Castle_in_Na%C5%A1ice" title="Pejačević Castle in Našice">Pejačević Castle in Našice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peja%C4%8Devi%C4%87_Castle_in_Osijek" title="Pejačević Castle in Osijek">Pejačević Castle in Osijek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peja%C4%8Devi%C4%87_Castle_in_Virovitica" title="Pejačević Castle in Virovitica">Pejačević Castle in Virovitica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pietrapelosa" title="Pietrapelosa">Pietrapelosa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Posert_Castle" title="Posert Castle">Posert Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Potravlje_Fortress" title="Potravlje Fortress">Potravlje Fortress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prandau-Normann_Castle" title="Prandau-Normann Castle">Prandau-Normann Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prozor_Fortress" title="Prozor Fortress">Prozor Fortress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samobor_Castle" title="Samobor Castle">Samobor Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sisak_Fortress" title="Sisak Fortress">Sisak Fortress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skrad_(castle)" title="Skrad (castle)">Skrad Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sokolac_Castle" title="Sokolac Castle">Sokolac Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Starigrad_Fortress" title="Starigrad Fortress">Starigrad Fortress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Nicholas_Fortress" title="St. Nicholas Fortress">St. Nicholas Fortress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Michael_Fort" title="St. Michael Fort">St. Michael Fort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Susedgrad" title="Susedgrad">Susedgrad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palace_of_Syrmia_County" title="Palace of Syrmia County">Syrmia County Palace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tkalec_Manor" title="Tkalec Manor">Tkalec Manor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trako%C5%A1%C4%87an_Castle" title="Trakošćan Castle">Trakošćan Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trsat_Castle" title="Trsat Castle">Trsat Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tr%C5%BEan_Castle_in_Modru%C5%A1" title="Tržan Castle in Modruš">Tržan Castle in Modruš</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tvrdalj_Castle" title="Tvrdalj Castle">Tvrdalj Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Udbina_Castle" title="Udbina Castle">Udbina Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veliki_Bukovec_Castle" title="Veliki Bukovec Castle">Veliki Bukovec Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veliki_Tabor_Castle" title="Veliki Tabor Castle">Veliki Tabor Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venetian_Castle" title="Venetian Castle">Venetian Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vitturi_Castle" title="Vitturi Castle">Vitturi Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Priory_of_Vrana" title="Priory of Vrana">Vrana Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zrin_Castle" title="Zrin Castle">Zrin Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zve%C4%8Daj_Castle" title="Zvečaj Castle">Zvečaj Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Severin_na_Kupi" title="Severin na Kupi">Zrinski-Frankopan Castle in Severin na Kupi</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_Croatia.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Coat_of_arms_of_Croatia.svg/100px-Coat_of_arms_of_Croatia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Coat_of_arms_of_Croatia.svg/150px-Coat_of_arms_of_Croatia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Coat_of_arms_of_Croatia.svg/200px-Coat_of_arms_of_Croatia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1386" data-file-height="1844" /></a></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="background:#C19A6B;"><div>See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_castles_in_Croatia" title="List of castles in Croatia">Castles in Croatia</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img 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