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class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Inhoud</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">naar zijbalk verplaatsen</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">verbergen</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Top</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Types_löss" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Types_löss"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Types löss</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Types_löss-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Types löss-subkopje inklappen</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Types_löss-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Continentale_löss" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Continentale_löss"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Continentale löss</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Continentale_löss-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Glaciale_löss" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Glaciale_löss"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Glaciale löss</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Glaciale_löss-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Löss_in_Noordwest-Europa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Löss_in_Noordwest-Europa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Löss in Noordwest-Europa</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Löss_in_Noordwest-Europa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lössfauna" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lössfauna"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Lössfauna</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lössfauna-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Externe_link" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Externe_link"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Externe link</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Externe_link-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Inhoud" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Inhoudsopgave omschakelen" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Inhoudsopgave omschakelen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Löss</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Ga naar een artikel in een andere taal. Beschikbaar in 55 talen" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-55" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">55 talen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loess" title="Loess – Aragonees" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Loess" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A8_%D8%B7%D9%81%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A" title="راسب طفالي – Arabisch" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="راسب طفالي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%91%D1%81_(%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0)" title="Лёс (горная парода) – Belarussisch" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Лёс (горная парода)" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarussisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%91%D1%8D%D1%81" title="Лёэс – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Лёэс" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%8C%D0%BE%D1%81" title="Льос – Bulgaars" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Льос" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loess" title="Loess – Catalaans" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Loess" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spra%C5%A1" title="Spraš – Tsjechisch" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Spraš" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Tsjechisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%B8ss" title="Løss – Deens" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Løss" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Deens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%B6ss" title="Löss – Duits" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Löss" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Duits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loess" title="Loess – Engels" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Loess" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Engels" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Le%C5%ADso" title="Leŭso – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Leŭso" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loess" title="Loess – Spaans" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Loess" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%B6ss" title="Löss – Estisch" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Löss" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loess" title="Loess – Baskisch" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Loess" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Baskisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%B1%D9%81%D8%AA" title="بادرفت – Perzisch" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="بادرفت" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Perzisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%B6ssi" title="Lössi – Fins" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Lössi" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Fins" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C5%93ss" title="Lœss – Frans" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Lœss" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Frans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%B6s" title="Lös – Noord-Fries" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Lös" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Noord-Fries" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9C%D7%A1" title="לס – Hebreeuws" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="לס" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebreeuws" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%B8" title="लोयस – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="लोयस" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Les" title="Les – Kroatisch" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Les" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Kroatisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%B6sz" title="Lösz – Hongaars" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Lösz" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hongaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BC%D5%B5%D5%B8%D5%BD" title="Լյոս – Armeens" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Լյոս" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loess" title="Loess – Indonesisch" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Loess" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%B6ss" title="Löss – IJslands" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Löss" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="IJslands" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%B6ss" title="Löss – Italiaans" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Löss" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italiaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%BB%84%E5%9C%9F" title="黄土 – Japans" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="黄土" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98" title="ლიოსი – Georgisch" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ლიოსი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%81" title="Лесс – Kazachs" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Лесс" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazachs" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%99%A9%ED%86%A0" title="황토 – Koreaans" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="황토" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Koreaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gweres" title="Gweres – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Gweres" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%91%D1%81%D1%81" title="Лёсс – Kirgizisch" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Лёсс" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kirgizisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loess" title="Loess – Latijn" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Loess" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latijn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%B6ss" title="Löss – Limburgs" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Löss" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgs" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liosas" title="Liosas – Litouws" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Liosas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Litouws" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D" title="ലോയസ്സ് – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ലോയസ്സ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%B6ss" title="Löss – Nederduits" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Löss" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="Nederduits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%B8ss" title="Løss – Noors - Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Løss" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Noors - Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%B8ss" title="Løss – Noors - Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Løss" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Noors - Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C5%93ss" title="Lœss – Occitaans" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Lœss" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pfl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pfl.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%B6%C3%9F" title="Löß – Paltsisch" lang="pfl" hreflang="pfl" data-title="Löß" data-language-autonym="Pälzisch" data-language-local-name="Paltsisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pälzisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Less" title="Less – Pools" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Less" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Pools" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loesse" title="Loesse – Portugees" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Loesse" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loess" title="Loess – Roemeens" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Loess" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Roemeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%91%D1%81%D1%81" title="Лёсс – Russisch" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Лёсс" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B5%D1%81" title="Лес – Roetheens" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Лес" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Roetheens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spra%C5%A1" title="Spraš – Slowaaks" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Spraš" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slowaaks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puhlica" title="Puhlica – Sloveens" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Puhlica" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Sloveens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B5%D1%81" title="Лес – Servisch" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Лес" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Servisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%B6ssjord" title="Lössjord – Zweeds" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Lössjord" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Zweeds" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%B8%E0%AF%8D" title="லோயஸ் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="லோயஸ்" 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id="siteSub" class="noprint">Uit Wikipedia, de vrije encyclopedie</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="nl" dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Loess_fg1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Loess_fg1.jpg/260px-Loess_fg1.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="185" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Loess_fg1.jpg/390px-Loess_fg1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Loess_fg1.jpg/520px-Loess_fg1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="568" /></a><figcaption>Löss in de <a href="/wiki/Kaiserstuhl_(gebergte)" title="Kaiserstuhl (gebergte)">Kaiserstuhl</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zuid-Duitsland" title="Zuid-Duitsland">Zuid-Duitsland</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Löss</b> is een <a href="/wiki/Eolisch_proces" title="Eolisch proces">eolische afzetting</a> van <a href="/wiki/Silt" title="Silt">silt</a>. Silt is de <a href="/wiki/Bodemtextuur" title="Bodemtextuur">textuurfractie</a> met een korrelgrootte die tussen die van <a href="/wiki/Zand" title="Zand">zand</a> en <a href="/wiki/Lutum" title="Lutum">lutum</a> in ligt. Qua samenstelling bevat löss voornamelijk <a href="/wiki/Siliciclastica" title="Siliciclastica">siliciclastica</a> (<a href="/wiki/Kwarts" title="Kwarts">kwarts</a> en andere <a href="/wiki/Silicaat" title="Silicaat">silicaten</a>), maar het kan ook een kleine fractie <a href="/wiki/Kleimineraal" title="Kleimineraal">kleimineralen</a> bevatten. Soms is die fractie groter geworden sinds het moment van sedimentatie als gevolg van <a href="/wiki/Chemische_verwering" title="Chemische verwering">chemische verwering</a>. </p><p>In het dagelijkse spraakgebruik wordt het begrip <i>löss</i> of <i>Limburgse klei</i> veelal gebruikt voor gronden die onder andere voorkomen in <a href="/wiki/Limburg_(Nederlandse_provincie)" title="Limburg (Nederlandse provincie)">Nederlands</a> en <a href="/wiki/Limburg_(Belgische_provincie)" title="Limburg (Belgische provincie)">Belgisch Limburg</a>, langs de <a href="/wiki/Veluwezoom" class="mw-redirect" title="Veluwezoom">Veluwezoom</a> bij <a href="/wiki/Rheden_(plaats)" title="Rheden (plaats)">Rheden</a>, in de <a href="/wiki/Achterhoek" title="Achterhoek">Achterhoek</a> en op het plateau bij <a href="/wiki/Groesbeek" title="Groesbeek">Groesbeek</a> ten zuidoosten van <a href="/wiki/Nijmegen" title="Nijmegen">Nijmegen</a>. De Nederlandse löss heeft een typerende geelrode kleur. </p><p>Uitgestrekte löss-gebieden bevinden zich ook in Noord-China, het <a href="/wiki/L%C3%B6ssplateau" title="Lössplateau">lössplateau</a> langs de <a href="/wiki/Gele_Rivier" title="Gele Rivier">Gele Rivier</a>, en in het Russische steppegebied, waar zich in de löss-bodem de aan organische bestanddelen zeer rijke <a href="/wiki/Chernozem" title="Chernozem">chernozems</a> (zwarte aarde) hebben ontwikkeld. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Types_löss"><span id="Types_l.C3.B6ss"></span>Types löss</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=L%C3%B6ss&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Types löss" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=L%C3%B6ss&action=edit&section=1" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Types löss"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Veelal wordt onderscheid gemaakt tussen de löss afkomstig uit de <a href="/wiki/Woestijn" title="Woestijn">woestijnen</a> en de löss afkomstig uit de (vroegere) <a href="/wiki/Periglaciaal" title="Periglaciaal">periglaciale</a> gebieden. Men spreekt dan resp. van continentale löss (Centraal- en Oost-Azië) en glaciale löss (Europa, Noord-Amerika), ook wel van ‘warme’ en ‘koude’ löss. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Continentale_löss"><span id="Continentale_l.C3.B6ss"></span>Continentale löss</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=L%C3%B6ss&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Continentale löss" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=L%C3%B6ss&action=edit&section=2" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Continentale löss"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>De continentale löss vindt men aan de <a href="/wiki/Lijzijde" class="mw-redirect" title="Lijzijde">lijzijde</a> van de woestijnen. Het door mechanische verwering fijn verdeelde en door episodische neerslag in de lage gedeelten (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Bajada&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bajada (de pagina bestaat niet)">bajada</a>’s en playa’s) samengespoelde fijne materiaal kan door de wind worden opgenomen. Door het op de achtergrond treden van chemische verwering in de woestijnen treden mineralen als kwarts, veldspaat, mica, calciet e.d. in ‘verse’ toestand veelvuldig op. De löss blijft slechts daar liggen waar vegetatie, veelal <a href="/wiki/Grassteppe" class="mw-redirect" title="Grassteppe">grassteppen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Deflatie_(geomorfologie)" title="Deflatie (geomorfologie)">deflatie</a> verhindert. De vegetatie groeit door het nieuw afgezette materiaal weer omhoog. De aanwezigheid van steppevegetatie verklaart enerzijds het ontbreken van een duidelijke gelaagdheid en anderzijds de porositeit door de vele gangen van wortels. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Glaciale_löss"><span id="Glaciale_l.C3.B6ss"></span>Glaciale löss</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=L%C3%B6ss&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Glaciale löss" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=L%C3%B6ss&action=edit&section=3" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Glaciale löss"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>De glaciale löss is afkomstig uit de gebieden die tijdens de <a href="/wiki/Pleistoceen" title="Pleistoceen">Pleistocene</a> glaciaties bij ontbreken van vegetatie en bij het voorhanden zijn van voldoende fijn materiaal in glaciale en <a href="/wiki/Fluvioglaciaal" class="mw-redirect" title="Fluvioglaciaal">fluvioglaciale</a> afzettingen, blootstonden aan deflatie, terwijl door de vorstverwering voortdurend nieuw fijn materiaal ontstond. De noordgrens van het lössgebied in Europa is een vrij grillige lijn die onder andere samenhangt met het reliëf. Zo komt in Nederland aan de oostzijde van de stuwwallen (oostelijke <a href="/wiki/Veluwe" title="Veluwe">Veluwe</a>, stuwwal bij <a href="/wiki/Nijmegen" title="Nijmegen">Nijmegen</a>) löss voor. Ook in vrijwel geheel <a href="/wiki/Zuid-Limburg_(Nederland)" title="Zuid-Limburg (Nederland)">Zuid-Limburg</a> komt lössgrond voor. De noordgrens van het samenhangende lössdek ligt in <a href="/wiki/Belgisch_Limburg" class="mw-redirect" title="Belgisch Limburg">Belgisch Limburg</a> even ten noorden van <a href="/wiki/Bilzen" title="Bilzen">Bilzen</a> en in Vlaanderen komt ze nauw overeen met de kamlijn van het heuvelland. Algemeen wordt aangenomen dat de noordgrens van de löss samenhangt met een vegetatiegrens tijdens de laatste koude fase van de ijstijd, namelijk de noordgrens van de (koude) grassteppe. De lössafzettingen in Nederlands Zuid-Limburg behoren tot het <a href="/wiki/Laagpakket_van_Schimmert" title="Laagpakket van Schimmert">Laagpakket van Schimmert</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Löss_in_Noordwest-Europa"><span id="L.C3.B6ss_in_Noordwest-Europa"></span>Löss in Noordwest-Europa</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=L%C3%B6ss&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Löss in Noordwest-Europa" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=L%C3%B6ss&action=edit&section=4" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Löss in Noordwest-Europa"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:L%C3%B6ssacker.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/L%C3%B6ssacker.jpg/260px-L%C3%B6ssacker.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="195" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/L%C3%B6ssacker.jpg/390px-L%C3%B6ssacker.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/L%C3%B6ssacker.jpg/520px-L%C3%B6ssacker.jpg 2x" data-file-width="795" data-file-height="596" /></a><figcaption>Akker in lössgrond in <a href="/wiki/W%C3%BCrttemberg" title="Württemberg">Württemberg</a></figcaption></figure> <p>De löss in Noordwest-Europa dateert uit het <a href="/wiki/Saalien" title="Saalien">Saalien</a> en het laatste gedeelte van het <a href="/wiki/Weichselien" title="Weichselien">Weichsel-glaciaal</a>. In het <a href="/wiki/Weichselien" title="Weichselien">Weichselien</a> stond de <a href="/wiki/Noordzee" title="Noordzee">Noordzee</a> droog. Het <a href="/wiki/Sediment" title="Sediment">sediment</a> op de zeebodem vormde de bron van de lössafzettingen. Het lichte materiaal werd door de wind aangevoerd en heeft zich afgezet in een brede zone van <a href="/wiki/Limburg_(Belgi%C3%AB)" class="mw-redirect" title="Limburg (België)">Belgisch-</a> en <a href="/wiki/Limburg_(Nederlandse_provincie)" title="Limburg (Nederlandse provincie)">Nederlands-Limburg</a> via <a href="/wiki/Duitsland" title="Duitsland">Duitsland</a> (o.a. de zeer vruchtbare <a href="/wiki/Soester_B%C3%B6rde" title="Soester Börde">Soester Börde</a> in <a href="/wiki/Westfalen_(streek)" title="Westfalen (streek)">Westfalen</a>) tot diep in <a href="/wiki/Polen" title="Polen">Polen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Roemeni%C3%AB" title="Roemenië">Roemenië</a> en <a href="/wiki/Oostenrijk" title="Oostenrijk">Oostenrijk</a>. </p><p>Lössbodems zijn zeer geschikt voor <a href="/wiki/Landbouw" title="Landbouw">landbouw</a>. De eerste landbouw in <a href="/wiki/Nederland" title="Nederland">Nederland</a> vond dan ook plaats op de löss in <a href="/wiki/Zuid-Limburg_(Nederland)" title="Zuid-Limburg (Nederland)">Zuid-Limburg</a>. De boeren kwamen uit <a href="/wiki/Centraal-Europa" title="Centraal-Europa">Centraal-Europa</a>, dat vergelijkbare bodems kent. In lössbodems heeft zich vaak een kleirijke inspoelings <a href="/wiki/Bodemhorizont" title="Bodemhorizont">B-horizont</a> ontwikkeld onder een klei-armere bovengrond. Onbegroeide lössbodems zijn sterk <a href="/wiki/Erosie" title="Erosie">erosiegevoelig</a>. Op de meeste hellingen in Zuid-Limburg is de oorspronkelijke bovengrond op de akkers verdwenen. Veelal zijn zowel de oorspronkelijke A-horizont en de E-horizont verdwenen, waardoor de kleirijke B-horizont aan het oppervlak ligt. Het geërodeerde bodemmateriaal dat zich in dalen en op lager gelegen plaatsen verzamelt, wordt aangeduid als <a href="/wiki/Colluvium" title="Colluvium">colluvium</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Kalk" title="Kalk">Kalk</a> uit het moedermateriaal löss lost in regen deels op en slaat vervolgens lager in het profiel neer. Zo worden de löss-deeltjes in verticale richting aan elkaar gekit. Hierdoor kunnen de in löss gevormde dalen en <a href="/wiki/Holle_weg" title="Holle weg">holle wegen</a> vaak steile wanden hebben. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Lössfauna"><span id="L.C3.B6ssfauna"></span>Lössfauna</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=L%C3%B6ss&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Lössfauna" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=L%C3%B6ss&action=edit&section=5" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Lössfauna"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Geyer_1927_-_Vallonia_tenuilabris-2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Geyer_1927_-_Vallonia_tenuilabris-2.jpg/260px-Geyer_1927_-_Vallonia_tenuilabris-2.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="186" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Geyer_1927_-_Vallonia_tenuilabris-2.jpg/390px-Geyer_1927_-_Vallonia_tenuilabris-2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Geyer_1927_-_Vallonia_tenuilabris-2.jpg/520px-Geyer_1927_-_Vallonia_tenuilabris-2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2085" data-file-height="1495" /></a><figcaption><i>Vallonia tenuilabris</i>, een typische 'löss-slak'</figcaption></figure><p>Lokaal maar soms zeer algemeen zijn <a href="/wiki/Mollusken" class="mw-redirect" title="Mollusken">mollusken</a> als <a href="/wiki/Fossiel" title="Fossiel">fossiel</a> in lössafzettingen aanwezig. Dit zijn meestal alleen <a href="/wiki/Slakken" title="Slakken">landslakken</a>. Hoewel de meeste soorten ook tegenwoordig in Europa algemeen voorkomen bevinden zich daarbij ook soorten die typerend voor deze <a href="/wiki/Sediment" title="Sediment">afzettingen</a> zijn. Veel soorten leven tegenwoordig in <a href="/wiki/Azi%C3%AB" title="Azië">Azië</a> (<a href="/wiki/Siberi%C3%AB" title="Siberië">Siberië</a>), of hebben een <a href="/w/index.php?title=Boreo-alpiene_verspreiding&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Boreo-alpiene verspreiding (de pagina bestaat niet)">boreo-alpiene verspreiding</a>. </p><p>Vaak zijn de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Associatie_(biologie)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Associatie (biologie) (de pagina bestaat niet)">associaties</a> zeer rijk aan individuen en arm aan soorten: de <a href="/wiki/Biodiversiteit" title="Biodiversiteit">diversiteit</a> is laag. Kenmerkende soorten zijn onder andere <i><a href="/wiki/Langwerpige_barnsteenslak" title="Langwerpige barnsteenslak">Succinea oblonga</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Columella_columella" title="Columella columella">Columella columella</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Vertigo_genesii" title="Vertigo genesii">Vertigo genesii</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Mostonnetje" title="Mostonnetje">Pupilla muscorum</a></i>, <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pupilla_loessica&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pupilla loessica (de pagina bestaat niet)">Pupilla loessica</a></i>, <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vallonia_tenuilabris&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vallonia tenuilabris (de pagina bestaat niet)">Vallonia tenuilabris</a></i> en <i><a href="/wiki/Haarslak" class="mw-redirect" title="Haarslak">Trichia hispida</a></i>. Sommige associaties hebben naar de algemeenst optredende soort een naam gekregen. Onderscheiden worden onder andere "pupillafauna's" (naar <i>Pupilla muscorum</i>), "fruticumfauna's" (naar <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bradybaena_fruticum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bradybaena fruticum (de pagina bestaat niet)">Bradybaena fruticum</a></i>) en "striatafauna's" (naar <i><a href="/wiki/Helicopsis_striata" title="Helicopsis striata">Helicopsis striata</a></i>). Molluskenfauna's spelen door hun <a href="/wiki/Paleoecologie" class="mw-redirect" title="Paleoecologie">ecologische</a> betekenis en in combinatie met de verschillende typen van <a href="/wiki/Bodemvorming" title="Bodemvorming">bodemvorming</a> een grote rol in de <a href="/wiki/Stratigrafie" title="Stratigrafie">stratigrafie</a> van lössafzettingen.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Als begeleider van mollusken worden heel vaak <a href="/wiki/Calciet" title="Calciet">calcietkorreltjes</a> van de <a href="/wiki/Regenworm" class="mw-redirect" title="Regenworm">regenworm</a> (<i>Lumbricus terrestris</i>) gevonden. Vroeger werden die in onderzoek naar <a href="/wiki/Kwartair" title="Kwartair">kwartaire</a> mollusken aangezien voor resten van de <a href="/wiki/Naaktslakken" title="Naaktslakken">naaktslakken</a><a href="/wiki/Familie_(biologie)" title="Familie (biologie)">familie</a> <a href="/wiki/Wegslakken" title="Wegslakken">Arionidae</a> maar dat is een vergissing gebleken die nog jarenlang na de ontdekking werd gemaakt.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Deze korreltjes kunnen in enorme hoeveelheden in löss aanwezig zijn: genoemd worden aantallen van meer dan 30.000 korrels per liter sediment.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Externe_link">Externe link</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=L%C3%B6ss&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Externe link" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=L%C3%B6ss&action=edit&section=6" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Externe link"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bodemdata.nl/media/radebrik.jpg">Foto (van Alterra) van een lössgrond in Zuid-Limburg met inspoelings B- horizont: Radebrikgrond</a></li></ul> <div class="toccolours appendix" role="presentation" style="font-size:90%; margin:1em 0 -0.5em; clear:both;"> <div><span style="font-weight:bold">Bronnen, noten en/of referenties</span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"><div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r67679320">.mw-parser-output .taalaanduiding{font-family:sans-serif;font-size:85%;cursor:help;color:var(--color-subtle,#555)}.mw-parser-output .taalaanduiding span{border-bottom:1px dotted var(--color-subtle,#555)}</style><span class="taalaanduiding" title="Taal: Duits">(<span>de</span>) </span> <span style="font-variant:small-caps;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vojen_Lo%C5%BEek&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vojen Ložek (de pagina bestaat niet)">Ložek, V.</a></span>, 1965. <i>Das Problem der Lößbildung und die Lößmollusken.</i> Eiszeitalter und Gegenwart (Öhringen/Württ.), 16: 61-75.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r67679320"><span class="taalaanduiding" title="Taal: Duits">(<span>de</span>) </span> <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Bräm, H.</span>, 1956. <i>Was sind Arion kinkelini Wenz und A. hochheimensis Wenz?</i> Eclogae geologicae Helvetiae , 49(2): 593-598.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r67679320"><span class="taalaanduiding" title="Taal: Nederlands">(<span>nl</span>) </span> <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Morgan, A.J., 1981</span>. <i> A morphological and electron microprobe study of the inorganic composition of the mineralized secretory products of the calciferous gland and chloragogenous tissue of the earthworm, Lumbricus terrestris L.</i> Cell and Tissue Research 220: 829–844.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r67679320"><span class="taalaanduiding" title="Taal: Engels">(<span>en</span>) </span> <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Canti, M.G.</span>, 2006. <i>Deposition and taphonomy of earthworm granules in relation to their interpretative potential in Quaternary stratigraphy</i>. -- Journal of Quaternary Science, 22: 111—118.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r67679320"><span class="taalaanduiding" title="Taal: Engels">(<span>en</span>) </span> <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Meijer, T.</span>, 1985. <i>The pre-Weichselian non-marine molluscan fauna from Maastricht-Belvédère (Southern Limburg, The Netherlands).</i> Mededelingen Rijks Geologische Dienst, 39: 75-103.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.joostdevree.nl/bouwkunde2/jpgg/grondsoorten_en_delfstoffen_bij_naam_2e_druk_dww_nitg_2003.pdf">Grondsoorten en Delfstoffen bij naam</a></li></ul> </div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r67837862">.mw-parser-output .navigatie{position:relative;clear:both;overflow:auto;margin:1em auto -0.5em;padding:2px;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);text-align:center;font-size:87%}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-bewerken{margin-left:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-bewerken .mw-ui-icon::before{background-size:0.9em}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-afb-links,.mw-parser-output .navigatie-afb-rechts{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-afb-rechts{right:2px}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-afb-groot{float:right;padding-left:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-titel{background-color:#ddeef8;padding:2px 5.5em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-inhoud{padding:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-inhoud p:first-child{margin:0}.mw-parser-output .navigatie div[style*="background-color"],.mw-parser-output .navigatie div[style*="background"]{color:inherit}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navigatie-titel{background-color:var(--background-color-interactive,#eaecf0)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navigatie-titel{background-color:var(--background-color-interactive,#eaecf0)!important}}</style> <div class="navigatie" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="Grondsoorten"> <div class="navigatie-afb-links noviewer"><div class="navigatie-bewerken show-autoconfirmed nomobile"><span class="nowrap skin-invert-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Sjabloon:Navigatie_grondsoorten" title="Sjabloon:Navigatie grondsoorten"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/OOjs_UI_icon_article-ltr.svg/16px-OOjs_UI_icon_article-ltr.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/OOjs_UI_icon_article-ltr.svg/24px-OOjs_UI_icon_article-ltr.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/OOjs_UI_icon_article-ltr.svg/32px-OOjs_UI_icon_article-ltr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span> · <span class="ui-state-disabled" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Overleg sjabloon (de pagina bestaat niet)"><img alt="Overleg sjabloon (de pagina bestaat niet)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/OOjs_UI_icon_speechBubbles-ltr.svg/16px-OOjs_UI_icon_speechBubbles-ltr.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" 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/></a></span></span></div></div> <div id="Grondsoorten" class="navigatie-titel"><a href="/wiki/Grond_(aarde)" title="Grond (aarde)">Grondsoorten</a></div> <div class="navigatie-inhoud"> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Fluviatiel_proces" title="Fluviatiel proces">Fluviatiel</a></b> of <b><a href="/wiki/Marien" title="Marien">marien</a>:</b> <a href="/wiki/Grind_(hoofdbetekenis)" class="mw-redirect" title="Grind (hoofdbetekenis)">grind</a> · <a href="/wiki/Zand_(hoofdbetekenis)" class="mw-redirect" title="Zand (hoofdbetekenis)">zand</a> · <a href="/wiki/Zavel" title="Zavel">zavel</a> · <a href="/wiki/Leem" title="Leem">leem</a> · <a href="/wiki/Klei" title="Klei">klei</a>     <b>Kalkhoudend:</b> <a href="/wiki/Kalk" title="Kalk">kalk</a> · <a href="/wiki/Mergel_(sedimentologie)" title="Mergel (sedimentologie)">mergel</a> · <a href="/wiki/Moeraskalk" title="Moeraskalk">moeraskalk</a><br /> <b><a href="/wiki/Eolisch_proces" title="Eolisch proces">Eolisch</a>:</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Zandl%C3%B6ss&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zandlöss (de pagina bestaat niet)">zandlöss</a> · <a class="mw-selflink selflink">löss</a>     <b><a href="/wiki/Glaciaal_proces" title="Glaciaal proces">Glaciaal</a>:</b> <a href="/wiki/Keimergel" title="Keimergel">keimergel</a> · <a href="/wiki/Keileem" title="Keileem">keileem</a>     <b><a href="/wiki/Organogeen_gesteente" title="Organogeen gesteente">Organogeen</a>:</b> <a href="/wiki/Hoogveen" title="Hoogveen">hoogveen</a> · <a href="/wiki/Laagveen" title="Laagveen">laagveen</a> </p><p><b><a href="/wiki/Korrelgrootte_(sediment)" title="Korrelgrootte (sediment)">Korrelgrootte</a>:</b> <a href="/wiki/Lutum" title="Lutum">lutum</a> (< 2 µm) · <a href="/wiki/Silt" title="Silt">silt</a> (2–63 µm) · <a href="/wiki/Zand_(hoofdbetekenis)" class="mw-redirect" title="Zand (hoofdbetekenis)">zand</a> (63 µm–2 mm) · <a href="/wiki/Grind_(hoofdbetekenis)" class="mw-redirect" title="Grind (hoofdbetekenis)">grind</a> (2–63 mm) · <a href="/wiki/Steen_(afzettingsgesteente)" title="Steen (afzettingsgesteente)">stenen</a> (63–200 mm) · <a href="/wiki/Kei_(afzettingsgesteente)" title="Kei (afzettingsgesteente)">keien</a> (200–630 mm) · <a href="/wiki/Blok_(afzettingsgesteente)" title="Blok (afzettingsgesteente)">blokken</a> (> 630 mm) </p> </div></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Overgenomen van "<a dir="ltr" href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Löss&oldid=62431878">https://nl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Löss&oldid=62431878</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Alles" title="Categorie:Alles">Categorieën</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Grondsoort" 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