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xylostella</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: Plutella xylostella"> <meta name="keywords" content="Plutella xylostella"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none 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action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="Plutella xylostella"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 9</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: Plutella xylostella</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9</span> Time of Release of Larval Parasitoid, Cotesia plutellae (Kurdjumov) on Parasitization of Plutella xylostella L. on Cabbage</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20T.%20M.%20D.%20R.%20Perera">M. T. M. D. R. Perera</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20Senanayake"> N. Senanayake</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Cotesia plutellae is a locally available larval parasitoid of diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella, which can be used to manage P. xylostella in the field in an integrated pest management strategy. A study was undertaken to find out the best time of releasing C. plutellae for effective management of P. xylostella using three release times; 2, 3 and 4 weeks after transplanting of cabbage in farmer’s fields at Marassana in Kandy District, Sri Lanka, during Yala 2014 and 2015 seasons. Results revealed that the percentage mean values of parasitization in Yala 2015, was significantly high; 69.47 and 43.85, when introduced at 2 and 3 weeks after transplanting respectively and significantly low 23.31, when released at 4 weeks after transplanting. It is therefore evident that the parasitoid release should be done before 3 weeks, preferably at 2 weeks after transplanting of cabbage in the field. The highest percentage parasitism achieved was 83.90 at 2 weeks after transplanting in Yala 2015 and the lowest being 18.85 and 12.00% at 4 weeks after transplanting in Yala 2014 and 2015 respectively. Unparasitized larvae were able to maintain high P. xylostella populations up to harvest. Even though there is no yield advantage by using parasitoids for P. xylostella management, the cost incurred for insect pest management was greatly reduced compared to use of synthetic chemicals. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cabbage" title="cabbage">cabbage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cotesia%20plutellae" title=" Cotesia plutellae"> Cotesia plutellae</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=larval%20parasitoid" title=" larval parasitoid"> larval parasitoid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Plutella%20xylostella" title=" Plutella xylostella"> Plutella xylostella</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=time%20of%20release" title=" time of release"> time of release</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/82885/time-of-release-of-larval-parasitoid-cotesia-plutellae-kurdjumov-on-parasitization-of-plutella-xylostella-l-on-cabbage" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/82885.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">149</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8</span> Effect of Cabbage and Cauliflower Emitted Volatile Organic Compounds on Foraging Response of Plutella xylostella</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sumbul%20Farhat">Sumbul Farhat</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pratyay%20Vaibhav"> Pratyay Vaibhav</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sarah%20Jain"> Sarah Jain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kapinder%20Kumar"> Kapinder Kumar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Archna%20Kumar"> Archna Kumar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The Diamondback Moth, Plutella xylostella (Linnaeus), is a major pest of cole crops that causes approximately 50% loss in global production. The utilization of inorganic pesticides is reflected in the development of resistance to this pest. Thus, there is a great need for an eco-friendly, sustainable strategy for the control of this pest. Although this pest, several natural enemies are reported worldwide, none of them can control it efficiently. Therefore, a proposed study is planned to understand the Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) mediated signaling interaction mechanism of the plant, pest, and natural enemy. For VOCs collection during different deployment stages of Cabbage POI, Green Ball, Pusa Cabbage, Cabbage Local, Snowball 16, Kanchan Plus, Pusa Meghna, Farm Sona Hybrid F1, and Samridhi F1 Hybrid, the Solid-phase microextraction (SPME) method was employed. Characterization of VOCs was conducted by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). The impact of collected VOCs was assessed through Y-Tube Bioassays. The results indicate that the Cabbage variety Green Ball shows maximum repellency for P. xylostella (-100%). The cues present in this variety may be exploited for efficient management of P. xylostella in the cole crop ecosystem. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Plutella%20xylostella" title="Plutella xylostella">Plutella xylostella</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cole%20crops" title=" cole crops"> cole crops</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=volatile%20organic%20compounds" title=" volatile organic compounds"> volatile organic compounds</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=GC-MS" title=" GC-MS"> GC-MS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Green%20Ball" title=" Green Ball"> Green Ball</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/149088/effect-of-cabbage-and-cauliflower-emitted-volatile-organic-compounds-on-foraging-response-of-plutella-xylostella" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/149088.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">124</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7</span> Insecticidal Activity of Piper aduncum Fruit and Tephrosia vogelii Leaf Mixed Formulations against Cabbage Pest Plutella xylostella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Eka%20Candra%20Lina">Eka Candra Lina</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Indah%20Widhianingrum"> Indah Widhianingrum</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mita%20Eka%20Putri"> Mita Eka Putri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nur%20Afni%20Evalia"> Nur Afni Evalia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Makky"> Muhammad Makky</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The emulsifiable concentrate (EC) and wettable powder (WP) of Piper aduncum and Tephrosia vogelii mixed formulations were tested for their activities in the laboratory and their effectiveness in the field against cabbage pest Plutella xyostella. Cabbage leaves soaked in six different mixed formulation concentrations were tested to 2ⁿᵈ instar larvae of P. xylostella with six replications. The observation was conducted everyday until larvae reached 4ᵗʰ instar stage. Correlation between concentration and larvae mortality was analyzed using probit (POLO-PC). The survived larvae was observed by looking at the growth and development, as well as the antifeedant effects. Field efficacy test was based on LC₉₅ value from laboratory test result. The experiment used a randomized block design with 5 treatments and 3 replications to test the populations of P. xylostella larvae and insecticide effectivity. The results showed that the EC and WP mixed formulations showed insecticidal activity against P. xylostella larvae, with LC₉₅ value of 0.35% and 0.37%, respectively. The highest antifeedant effect on EC mixed formulation was 85.01% and WP mixed formulation was 86.23%. Both mixed formulations also slowed the development of larvae when compared with control. Field effication result showed that applications of EC mixed formulation were able to restrain the population of P. xylostella, with effectivity value of 71.06%. Insecticide effectivity value of EC mixed formulation was higher than WP mixed formulation and Bacillus thuringiensis formulation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=botanical%20insecticide" title="botanical insecticide">botanical insecticide</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=efficacy" title=" efficacy"> efficacy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=emulsifiable%20concentrate%20%28EC%29" title=" emulsifiable concentrate (EC)"> emulsifiable concentrate (EC)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Plutella%20xylostella" title=" Plutella xylostella"> Plutella xylostella</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wettable%20powder%20%28WP%29" title=" wettable powder (WP)"> wettable powder (WP)</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/86856/insecticidal-activity-of-piper-aduncum-fruit-and-tephrosia-vogelii-leaf-mixed-formulations-against-cabbage-pest-plutella-xylostella-l-lepidoptera-plutellidae" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/86856.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">242</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6</span> Antifeedant Activity of Ageratum conyzoides (L.) (Asteraceae) Extracts against Diamondback Moth Plutella xylostella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae)</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tarun%20Kumar%20Vats">Tarun Kumar Vats</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sanjiv%20Mullick"> Sanjiv Mullick</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vagisha%20Rawal"> Vagisha Rawal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ashok%20Kumar%20Singh"> Ashok Kumar Singh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Antifeedant activity of aqueous, methanolic and hexane crude extracts of powdered leaves of Ageratum conyzoides (L.) was evaluated against the last instar larvae of Plutella xylostella (L.), an oligophagous pest of Crucifer crops. Cauliflower leaf discs treated with different concentrations of extracts were provided to last instar larvae in both no-choice and choice bioassays under the standard laboratory conditions. All three extracts showed antifeedant effects in both the test conditions. In no-choice condition, hexane extract was found to significantly reduce the leaf area consumption at all the tested concentrations (0.5%, 1%, 2%, 3%, 4% and 5%). Also, aqueous and methanol extracts significantly reduced the leaf area consumption at different concentrations (P<0.05). In choice tests, effect of aqueous extract was significantly higher at 3%, 4% and 5% concentrations as compared to control. However, significant activities of methanol and hexane extracts were recorded even at lowest concentrations of 1% (P < 0.05). Complete feeding inhibition of larvae was observed at 2% concentration of hexane extract. Antifeedant index values (AFI) obtained were found to increase in a dose dependent manner, i.e. higher the concentration, more the activity. The results clearly indicate the potential of A. conyzoides extracts for its use in the integrated management of P. xylostella, which will be ecofriendly and sustainable. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ageratum%20conyzoides" title="ageratum conyzoides">ageratum conyzoides</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=plutella%20xylostella" title=" plutella xylostella"> plutella xylostella</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=crucifer" title=" crucifer"> crucifer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antifeedant%20index" title=" antifeedant index"> antifeedant index</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/40819/antifeedant-activity-of-ageratum-conyzoides-l-asteraceae-extracts-against-diamondback-moth-plutella-xylostella-l-lepidoptera-plutellidae" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/40819.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">357</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5</span> Bio-Efficacy of Newer Insecticides against Diamondback Moth (Plutella xylostella L. ) in Cabbage</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=C.%20G.%20Sawant">C. G. Sawant</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=C.%20S.%20Patil"> C. S. Patil</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The investigation was conducted during January 2016 on Farmer’s field at Nandur Madhyameshwar, Tq. Niphad, Dist. Nashik (Maharashtra: India) on bio-efficacy of newer insecticides against Plutella xylostella L. infesting cabbage. The cabbage crop (var. Saint) was raised according to package of practices except for plant protection measures. Six newer insecticides along with two conventional insecticides and one synthetic pyrethroid were applied twice at 30 and 55 days after transplanting. Insecticidal solutions were diluted in water (375-500 L ha-1) and applied using knapsack sprayer (16L) with hollow cone nozzle. Treatments included indoxacarb @ 40 g a.i.ha-1, spinosad @ 17.5 g a.i.ha-1, flubendiamide @18.24 g a.i. ha-1, diafenthiuron @ 300 g a. i. ha-1, emamectin benzoate @ 10 g a. i. ha-1, chlorantraniliprole @ 10 g a. i. ha-1, quinalphos @ 250 g a. i. ha-1, triazophos @ 500 g a. i. ha-1, bifenthrin @ 50 g a.i. ha-1 and untreated control. The larvae were counted on head and outside the head. Observations were recorded one day before spray (Precount) and 1,3,7,14 days after spray. Results revealed that all the insecticidal treatments were significantly superior over untreated control by recording lower larval count. Among the insecticidal treatments, significantly lowest number of larvae of diamondback moth was recorded in chlorantraniliprole @ 10 g a.i.ha-1 (1.00 larvae plant-1) followed by spinosad @ 17.5 g a.i. ha-1 (1.45 larvae plant-1 and flubendiamide 18.24 g a.i. ha-1(1.53 larvae plant-1). The efficacy of insecticides reflected on yield of marketable cabbage heads by recording 242.27 qt ha-1 (1:33.38) in the treatment of chlorantraniliprole @ 10 g a.i.ha-1. It was followed by spinosad @ 17.5 g a.i. ha-1 with 236.91 qt ha-1 (1:24.92) and flubendiamide 18.24 g a.i. ha-1 with 228.49 qt ha-1 (1:30.43). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bio-efficacy" title="bio-efficacy">bio-efficacy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cabbage" title=" cabbage"> cabbage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chlorantraniliprole" title=" chlorantraniliprole"> chlorantraniliprole</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Plutella%20xylostella%20L." title=" Plutella xylostella L."> Plutella xylostella L.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/78218/bio-efficacy-of-newer-insecticides-against-diamondback-moth-plutella-xylostella-l-in-cabbage" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/78218.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">145</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4</span> Insecticidal Activity of Bacillus Thuringiensis Strain AH-2 Against Hemiptera Insects Pests: Aphis. Gossypii, and Lepidoptera Insect Pests: Plutella Xylostella and Hyphantria Cunea</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ajuna%20B.%20Henry">Ajuna B. Henry</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In recent decades, climate change has demanded biological pesticides; more Bt strains are being discovered worldwide, some containing novel insecticidal genes while others have been modified through molecular approaches for increased yield, toxicity, and wider host target. In this study, B. thuringiensis strain AH-2 (Bt-2) was isolated from the soil and tested for insecticidal activity against Aphis gossypii (Hemiptera: Aphididae) and Lepidoptera insect pests: fall webworm (Hyphantria cunea) and diamondback moth (Plutella xylostella). A commercial strain B. thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki (Btk), and a chemical pesticide, imidacloprid (for Hemiptera) and chlorantraniliprole (for Lepidoptera), were used as positive control and the same media (without bacterial inoculum) as a negative control. For aphidicidal activity, Bt-2 caused a mortality rate of 70.2%, 78.1% or 88.4% in third instar nymphs of A. gossypii (3N) at 10%, 25% or 50% culture concentrations, respectively. Moreover, Bt-2 was effectively produced in cost-effective (PB) supplemented with either glucose (PBG) or sucrose (PBS) and maintained high aphicidal efficacy with 3N mortality rates of 85.9%, 82.9% or 82.2% in TSB, PBG or PBS media, respectively at 50% culture concentration. Bt-2 also suppressed adult fecundity by 98.3% compared to only 65.8% suppression by Btk at similar concentrations but was slightly lower than chemical treatment, which caused 100% suppression. Partial purification of 60 – 80% (NH4)2SO4 fraction of Bt-2 aphicidal proteins purified on anion exchange (DEAE-FF) column revealed a 105 kDa aphicidal protein with LC50 = 55.0 ng/µℓ. For Lepidoptera pests, chemical pesticide, Bt-2, and Btk cultures, mortality of 86.7%, 60%, and 60% in 3rd instar larvae of P. xylostella, and 96.7%, 80.0%, and 93.3% in 6th instar larvae of H. cunea, after 72h of exposure. When the entomopathogenic strains were cultured in a cost-effective PBG or PBS, the insecticidal activity in all strains was not significantly different compared to the use of a commercial medium (TSB). Bt-2 caused a mortality rate of 60.0%, 63.3%, and 50.0% against P. xylostella larvae and 76.7%, 83.3%, and 73.3% against H. cunea when grown in TSB, PBG, and PBS media, respectively. Bt-2 (grown in cost-effective PBG medium) caused a dose-dependent toxicity of 26.7%, 40.0%, and 63.3% against P. xylostella and 46.7%, 53.3%, and 76.7% against H. cunea at 10%, 25% and 50% culture concentration, respectively. The partially purified Bt-2 insecticidal proteins fractions F1, F2, F3, and F4 (extracted at different ratios of organic solvent) caused low toxicity (50.0%, 40.0%, 36.7%, and 30.0%) against P. xylostella and relatively high toxicity (56.7%, 76.7%, 66.7%, and 63.3%) against H. cunea at 100 µg/g of artificial diets. SDS-PAGE analysis revealed that a128kDa protein is associated with toxicity of Bt-2. Our result demonstrates a medium and strong larvicidal activity of Bt-2 against P. xylostella and H. cunea, respectively. Moreover, Bt-2 could be potentially produced using a cost-effective PBG medium which makes it an effective alternative biocontrol strategy to reduce chemical pesticide application. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biocontrol" title="biocontrol">biocontrol</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=insect%20pests" title=" insect pests"> insect pests</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=larvae%2Fnymph%20mortality" title=" larvae/nymph mortality"> larvae/nymph mortality</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cost-effective%20media" title=" cost-effective media"> cost-effective media</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aphis%20gossypii" title=" aphis gossypii"> aphis gossypii</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=plutella%20xylostella" title=" plutella xylostella"> plutella xylostella</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hyphantria%20cunea" title=" hyphantria cunea"> hyphantria cunea</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bacillus%20thuringiensi" title=" bacillus thuringiensi"> bacillus thuringiensi</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/189820/insecticidal-activity-of-bacillus-thuringiensis-strain-ah-2-against-hemiptera-insects-pests-aphis-gossypii-and-lepidoptera-insect-pests-plutella-xylostella-and-hyphantria-cunea" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/189820.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">19</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3</span> The Genus Bacillus, Effect on Commercial Crops of Colombia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=L.%20C.%20S%C3%A1nchez">L. C. Sánchez</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=L.%20C.%20Corrales"> L. C. Corrales</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20G.%20Lancheros"> A. G. Lancheros</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=E.%20Casta%C3%B1eda"> E. Castañeda</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Y.%20Ariza"> Y. Ariza</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=L.%20S.%20Fuentes"> L. S. Fuentes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=L.%20Sierra"> L. Sierra</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20L.%20Cuervo"> J. L. Cuervo</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The importance of environment friendly alternatives in agricultural processes is the reason why the research group Ceparium, the Colegio Mayor de Cundinamarca University, Colombia, investigated the genus Bacillus and its applicability for improving crops of economic importance in Colombia. In this investigation, we presented a study in which the genus Bacillus plays a leading role as beneficial microorganism. The objective was to identify the biochemical potential of three indigenous species of Bacillus, which were able to carry out actions for biological control against pathogens and pests or promoted growth to improve productivity of crops in Colombia. The procedures were performed in three phases: first, the production of biomass of an indigenous strain and a reference strain starting from culture media for production of spores and toxins were made. Spore count was done in a Neubauer chamber, concentrations of spores of Bacillus sphaericus were prepared and a bioassay was done at the Laboratory of Entomology at the University Jorge Tadeo Lozano of Plutella xylostella larvae, insect pest of crucifers in several Colombian regions. The second phase included the extraction in the liquid state fermentation, a secondary metabolite that has antibiosis action against fungi, call iturin B, and was obtained from strains of Bacillus subtilis. The molecule was identified using High Resolution Chromatography (HPLC) and its biocontrol effect on Fusarium sp fungus causes vascular wilt in economically important plant varieties, was confirmed using testing of antagonism in Petri dish. In the third phase, an initial procedure in that let recover and identify microorganisms of the genus Bacillus from the rhizosphere in two aromatic herbs, Rosmarinus officinalis and Thymus vulgaris L. was used. Subsequently, testing of antagonism against Fusarium sp were made and an assay was done under greenhouse conditions to observe biocontrol and growth promoting action by comparing growth in length and dry weight. In the first experiment, native Bacillus sphaericus was lethal to 92% Plutella xylostella larvae in 10 DDA. In the second experiment, iturin B was identified and biological control of Fusarium sp was demonstrated. In the third study, all strains demonstrated biological control and the B14 strain identified as Bacillus megaterium increased root length and productivity of the two plants in terms of weight. It was concluded that the native microorganisms of the genus Bacillus has a great biochemical potential that provides a beneficial interactions with plants, improve their growth and development and therefore a greater impact on production. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=genus%20bacillus" title="genus bacillus">genus bacillus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biological%20control" title=" biological control"> biological control</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PGPRs" title=" PGPRs"> PGPRs</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biochemical%20potential" title=" biochemical potential"> biochemical potential</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15093/the-genus-bacillus-effect-on-commercial-crops-of-colombia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15093.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">435</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2</span> NeuroBactrus, a Novel, Highly Effective, and Environmentally Friendly Recombinant Baculovirus Insecticide</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yeon%20Ho%20Je">Yeon Ho Je</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A novel recombinant baculovirus, NeuroBactrus, was constructed to develop an improved baculovirus insecticide with additional beneficial properties, such as a higher insecticidal activity and improved recovery, compared to wild-type baculovirus. For the construction of NeuroBactrus, the Bacillus thuringiensis crystal protein gene (here termed cry1-5) was introduced into the Autographa californica nucleopolyhedrovirus (AcMNPV) genome by fusion of the polyhedrin–cry1-5–polyhedrin genes under the control of the polyhedrin promoter. In the opposite direction, an insect-specific neurotoxin gene, AaIT, from Androctonus australis was introduced under the control of an early promoter from Cotesia plutellae bracovirus by fusion of a partial fragment of orf603. The polyhedrin–Cry1-5–polyhedrin fusion protein expressed by the NeuroBactrus was not only occluded into the polyhedra, but it was also activated by treatment with trypsin, resulting in an_65-kDa active toxin. In addition, quantitative PCR revealed that the neurotoxin was expressed from the early phase of infection. NeuroBactrus showed a high level of insecticidal activity against Plutella xylostella larvae and a significant reduction in the median lethal time against Spodoptera exigua larvae compared to those of wild-type AcMNPV. Rerecombinant mutants derived from NeuroBactrus in which AaIT and/or cry1-5 were deleted were generated by serial passages in vitro. Expression of the foreign proteins (B. thuringiensis toxin and AaIT) was continuously reduced during the serial passage of the NeuroBactrus. Moreover, polyhedra collected from S. exigua larvae infected with the serially passaged NeuroBactrus showed insecticidal activity similar to that of wild-type AcMNPV. These results suggested that NeuroBactrus could be recovered to wild-type AcMNPV through serial passaging. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=baculovirus" title="baculovirus">baculovirus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=insecticide" title=" insecticide"> insecticide</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=neurotoxin" title=" neurotoxin"> neurotoxin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=neurobactrus" title=" neurobactrus"> neurobactrus</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/26296/neurobactrus-a-novel-highly-effective-and-environmentally-friendly-recombinant-baculovirus-insecticide" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/26296.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">318</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1</span> Phylogenetic Analysis Based On the Internal Transcribed Spacer-2 (ITS2) Sequences of Diadegma semiclausum (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) Populations Reveals Significant Adaptive Evolution </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ebraheem%20Al-Jouri">Ebraheem Al-Jouri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Youssef%20Abu-Ahmad"> Youssef Abu-Ahmad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ramasamy%20Srinivasan"> Ramasamy Srinivasan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The parasitoid, Diadegma semiclausum (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) is one of the most effective exotic parasitoids of diamondback moth (DBM), Plutella xylostella in the lowland areas of Homs, Syria. Molecular evolution studies are useful tools to shed light on the molecular bases of insect geographical spread and adaptation to new hosts and environment and for designing better control strategies. In this study, molecular evolution analysis was performed based on the 42 nuclear internal transcribed spacer-2 (ITS2) sequences representing the D. semiclausum and eight other Diadegma spp. from Syria and worldwide. Possible recombination events were identified by RDP4 program. Four potential recombinants of the American D. insulare and D. fenestrale (Jeju) were detected. After detecting and removing recombinant sequences, the ratio of non-synonymous (dN) to synonymous (dS) substitutions per site (dN/dS=ɷ) has been used to identify codon positions involved in adaptive processes. Bayesian techniques were applied to detect selective pressures at a codon level by using five different approaches including: fixed effects likelihood (FEL), internal fixed effects likelihood (IFEL), random effects method (REL), mixed effects model of evolution (MEME) and Program analysis of maximum liklehood (PAML). Among the 40 positively selected amino acids (aa) that differed significantly between clades of Diadegma species, three aa under positive selection were only identified in D. semiclausum. Additionally, all D. semiclausum branches tree were highly found under episodic diversifying selection (EDS) at p≤0.05. Our study provide evidence that both recombination and positive selection have contributed to the molecular diversity of Diadegma spp. and highlights the significant contribution of D. semiclausum in adaptive evolution and influence the fitness in the DBM parasitoid. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=diadegma%20sp" title="diadegma sp">diadegma sp</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=DBM" title=" DBM"> DBM</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ITS2" title=" ITS2"> ITS2</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=phylogeny" title=" phylogeny"> phylogeny</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=recombination" title=" recombination"> recombination</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dN%2FdS" title=" dN/dS"> dN/dS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=evolution" title=" evolution"> evolution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=positive%20selection" title=" positive selection"> positive selection</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/11782/phylogenetic-analysis-based-on-the-internal-transcribed-spacer-2-its2-sequences-of-diadegma-semiclausum-hymenoptera-ichneumonidae-populations-reveals-significant-adaptive-evolution" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/11782.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">416</span> </span> </div> </div> </div> </main> <footer> <div id="infolinks" class="pt-3 pb-2"> <div class="container"> <div style="background-color:#f5f5f5;" class="p-3"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> About <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support">About Us</a></li> <li><a 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