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class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Situs"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Daftar isi" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Daftar isi</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">pindah ke bilah sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">sembunyikan</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Awal</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Eksperimen" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Eksperimen"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Eksperimen</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Eksperimen-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Gulingkan subbagian Eksperimen</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Eksperimen-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Eksperimen_anak_kembar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Eksperimen_anak_kembar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Eksperimen anak kembar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Eksperimen_anak_kembar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Eksperimen_transplantasi_tulang,_otot,_dan_saraf" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Eksperimen_transplantasi_tulang,_otot,_dan_saraf"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Eksperimen transplantasi tulang, otot, dan saraf</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Eksperimen_transplantasi_tulang,_otot,_dan_saraf-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Eksperimen_cedera_kepala" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Eksperimen_cedera_kepala"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Eksperimen cedera kepala</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Eksperimen_cedera_kepala-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Eksperimen_pembekuan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Eksperimen_pembekuan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Eksperimen pembekuan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Eksperimen_pembekuan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Eksperimen_malaria" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Eksperimen_malaria"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>Eksperimen malaria</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Eksperimen_malaria-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Eksperimen_gas_mustar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Eksperimen_gas_mustar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.6</span> <span>Eksperimen gas mustar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Eksperimen_gas_mustar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Eksperimen_sulfonamida" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Eksperimen_sulfonamida"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.7</span> <span>Eksperimen sulfonamida</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Eksperimen_sulfonamida-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Eksperimen_air_laut" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Eksperimen_air_laut"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.8</span> <span>Eksperimen air laut</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Eksperimen_air_laut-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Eksperimen_sterilisasi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Eksperimen_sterilisasi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.9</span> <span>Eksperimen sterilisasi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Eksperimen_sterilisasi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Eksperimen_dengan_racun" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Eksperimen_dengan_racun"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.10</span> <span>Eksperimen dengan racun</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Eksperimen_dengan_racun-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Eksperimen_dengan_bom" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Eksperimen_dengan_bom"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.11</span> <span>Eksperimen dengan bom</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Eksperimen_dengan_bom-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Eksperimen_tingkat_ketinggian" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Eksperimen_tingkat_ketinggian"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.12</span> <span>Eksperimen tingkat ketinggian</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Eksperimen_tingkat_ketinggian-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dampak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dampak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Dampak</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dampak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lihat_pula" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lihat_pula"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Lihat pula</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lihat_pula-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Referensi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referensi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Referensi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Referensi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bacaan_lanjutan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bacaan_lanjutan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Bacaan lanjutan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bacaan_lanjutan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pranala_luar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pranala_luar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Pranala luar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pranala_luar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Daftar isi" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Gulingkan daftar isi" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Gulingkan daftar isi</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Eksperimen manusia Nazi</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Pergi ke artikel dalam bahasa lain. Terdapat 34 bahasa" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-34" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">34 bahasa</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A8_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B2%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%89_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%B4%D8%B1" title="التجارب النازية على البشر – Arab" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="التجارب النازية على البشر" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arab" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nasist_tibbi_t%C9%99dqiqatlar%C4%B1" title="Nasist tibbi tədqiqatları – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Nasist tibbi tədqiqatları" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8_%D1%81_%D1%85%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Нацистки експерименти с хора – Bulgaria" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Нацистки експерименти с хора" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgaria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Experimentaci%C3%B3_m%C3%A8dica_nazi" title="Experimentació mèdica nazi – Katalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Experimentació mèdica nazi" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Katalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nacistick%C3%A9_experimentov%C3%A1n%C3%AD_na_lidech" title="Nacistické experimentování na lidech – Cheska" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Nacistické experimentování na lidech" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Cheska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Menschenversuche_in_nationalsozialistischen_Konzentrationslagern" title="Menschenversuche in nationalsozialistischen Konzentrationslagern – Jerman" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Menschenversuche in nationalsozialistischen Konzentrationslagern" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Jerman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9D%CE%B1%CE%B6%CE%B9%CF%83%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AC_%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%B8%CF%81%CF%8E%CF%80%CE%B9%CE%BD%CE%B1_%CF%80%CE%B5%CE%B9%CF%81%CE%AC%CE%BC%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%B1" title="Ναζιστικά ανθρώπινα πειράματα – Yunani" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ναζιστικά ανθρώπινα πειράματα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Yunani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nazi_human_experimentation" title="Nazi human experimentation – Inggris" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Nazi human experimentation" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Inggris" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Experimentaci%C3%B3n_nazi_en_seres_humanos" title="Experimentación nazi en seres humanos – Spanyol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Experimentación nazi en seres humanos" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanyol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natside_inimkatsed" title="Natside inimkatsed – Esti" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Natside inimkatsed" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Esti" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nazien_esperimentuak_Bigarren_Mundu_Gerran" title="Nazien esperimentuak Bigarren Mundu Gerran – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Nazien esperimentuak Bigarren Mundu Gerran" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%B2%D9%85%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B4%E2%80%8C%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C_%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B2%DB%8C" title="آزمایش‌های انسانی نازی – Persia" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="آزمایش‌های انسانی نازی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natsien_ihmiskokeet" title="Natsien ihmiskokeet – Suomi" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Natsien ihmiskokeet" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Suomi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exp%C3%A9rimentation_m%C3%A9dicale_nazie" title="Expérimentation médicale nazie – Prancis" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Expérimentation médicale nazie" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Prancis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%99%D7%99%D7%9D_%D7%91%D7%91%D7%A0%D7%99_%D7%90%D7%93%D7%9D_%D7%A2%D7%9C_%D7%99%D7%93%D7%99_%D7%94%D7%A0%D7%90%D7%A6%D7%99%D7%9D" title="ניסויים בבני אדם על ידי הנאצים – Ibrani" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ניסויים בבני אדם על ידי הנאצים" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Ibrani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BC%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%B5_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97" title="नाज़ी मानव प्रयोग – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="नाज़ी मानव प्रयोग" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nacisti%C4%8Dki_eksperimenti_na_ljudima" title="Nacistički eksperimenti na ljudima – Kroasia" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Nacistički eksperimenti na ljudima" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Kroasia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%86%D5%A1%D6%81%D5%AB%D5%BD%D5%BF%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D6%83%D5%B8%D6%80%D5%B1%D5%A5%D6%80_%D5%B4%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A4%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6%D6%81_%D5%BE%D6%80%D5%A1" title="Նացիստական փորձեր մարդկանց վրա – Armenia" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Նացիստական փորձեր մարդկանց վրա" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperimenti_nazisti_su_esseri_umani" title="Esperimenti nazisti su esseri umani – Italia" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Esperimenti nazisti su esseri umani" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%8A%E3%83%81%E3%82%B9%E3%83%BB%E3%83%89%E3%82%A4%E3%83%84%E3%81%AE%E4%BA%BA%E4%BD%93%E5%AE%9F%E9%A8%93" title="ナチス・ドイツの人体実験 – Jepang" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ナチス・ドイツの人体実験" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Jepang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%BE_%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%B7%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BF%E0%B5%BD_%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF_%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%B0%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B7%E0%B4%A3%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%BE" title="നാസികൾ മനുഷ്യരിൽ നടത്തിയ പരീക്ഷണങ്ങൾ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="നാസികൾ മനുഷ്യരിൽ നടത്തിയ പരീക്ഷണങ്ങൾ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pengujikajian_manusia_Nazi" title="Pengujikajian manusia Nazi – Melayu" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Pengujikajian manusia Nazi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Melayu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eksperymenty_medyczne_i_pseudomedyczne_w_Auschwitz" title="Eksperymenty medyczne i pseudomedyczne w Auschwitz – Polski" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Eksperymenty medyczne i pseudomedyczne w Auschwitz" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Experimentos_humanos_nazistas" title="Experimentos humanos nazistas – Portugis" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Experimentos humanos nazistas" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Experimentele_naziste_asupra_fiin%C8%9Belor_umane" title="Experimentele naziste asupra ființelor umane – Rumania" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Experimentele naziste asupra ființelor umane" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Rumania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%8B_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B4_%D0%BB%D1%8E%D0%B4%D1%8C%D0%BC%D0%B8" title="Эксперименты нацистов над людьми – Rusia" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Эксперименты нацистов над людьми" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Rusia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eksperimentimi_n%C3%AB_njer%C3%ABz_nga_Gjermania_Naziste" title="Eksperimentimi në njerëz nga Gjermania Naziste – Albania" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Eksperimentimi në njerëz nga Gjermania Naziste" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Медицински експерименти нациста – Serbia" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Медицински експерименти нациста" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%B6rintelsen#Medicinska_experiment" title="Förintelsen – Swedia" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Förintelsen" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nazi_insan_deneyleri" title="Nazi insan deneyleri – Turki" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Nazi insan deneyleri" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%96%D0%B2_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B4_%D0%BB%D1%8E%D0%B4%D1%8C%D0%BC%D0%B8" title="Експерименти нацистів над людьми – Ukraina" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Експерименти нацистів над людьми" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukraina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Th%C3%AD_nghi%E1%BB%87m_tr%C3%AAn_ng%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Di_c%E1%BB%A7a_%C4%90%E1%BB%A9c_Qu%E1%BB%91c_x%C3%A3" title="Thí nghiệm trên người của Đức Quốc xã – Vietnam" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Thí nghiệm trên người của Đức Quốc xã" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%B4%8D%E7%B2%B9%E4%BA%BA%E9%AB%94%E5%AF%A6%E9%A9%97" title="納粹人體實驗 – Tionghoa" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="納粹人體實驗" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Tionghoa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%B4%8D%E7%B2%B9%E4%BA%BA%E9%AB%94%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6" title="納粹人體研究 – Kanton" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="納粹人體研究" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Kanton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q31896#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Sunting pranala interwiki" class="wbc-editpage">Sunting pranala</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div 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href="/wiki/Istimewa:Pranala_balik/Eksperimen_manusia_Nazi" title="Daftar semua halaman wiki yang memiliki pranala ke halaman ini [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Pranala balik</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Perubahan_terkait/Eksperimen_manusia_Nazi" rel="nofollow" title="Perubahan terbaru halaman-halaman yang memiliki pranala ke halaman ini [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Perubahan terkait</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Halaman_istimewa" title="Daftar semua halaman istimewa [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Halaman istimewa</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eksperimen_manusia_Nazi&oldid=24754793" title="Pranala permanen untuk revisi halaman ini"><span>Pranala permanen</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eksperimen_manusia_Nazi&action=info" title="Informasi lanjut tentang halaman ini"><span>Informasi halaman</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:Kutip&page=Eksperimen_manusia_Nazi&id=24754793&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informasi tentang bagaimana mengutip halaman ini"><span>Kutip halaman ini</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fid.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FEksperimen_manusia_Nazi"><span>Lihat URL pendek</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fid.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FEksperimen_manusia_Nazi"><span>Unduh kode QR</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Cetak/ekspor </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:Buku&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Eksperimen+manusia+Nazi"><span>Buat buku</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:DownloadAsPdf&page=Eksperimen_manusia_Nazi&action=show-download-screen"><span>Unduh versi PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eksperimen_manusia_Nazi&printable=yes" title="Versi cetak halaman ini [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Versi cetak</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Dalam proyek lain </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Nazi_medical_experiments" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q31896" title="Pranala untuk menghubungkan butir pada ruang penyimpanan data [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Butir di Wikidata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Peralatan halaman"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Tampilan"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" 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href="/w/index.php?title=Percobaan_manusia_Nazi&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Percobaan manusia Nazi">Percobaan manusia Nazi</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="id" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r26333518">.mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:22em;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.2em;text-align:center;line-height:1.4em;font-size:88%;border-collapse:collapse;display:table}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:table!important;float:right!important;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em!important}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-subgroup{width:100%;margin:0;border-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-left{float:left;clear:left;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-none{float:none;clear:both;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output 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.sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse plainlist" style="width: 23em;"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Bagian dari <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kategori:Nazisme&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kategori:Nazisme (halaman belum tersedia)">seri</a> tentang</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="padding-bottom:0; font-size:200%; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Nazisme" title="Nazisme">Nazisme</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image" style="padding:1.0em 0 0.4em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Adolf_Hitler_-_Nazismo.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Swastika Nazi"><img alt="Swastika Nazi" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Adolf_Hitler_-_Nazismo.png/190px-Adolf_Hitler_-_Nazismo.png" decoding="async" width="190" height="107" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Adolf_Hitler_-_Nazismo.png/285px-Adolf_Hitler_-_Nazismo.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Adolf_Hitler_-_Nazismo.png/380px-Adolf_Hitler_-_Nazismo.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="450" /></a></span><br /><br /><hr /></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="padding:0 0.4em 0">Organisasi</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nationalsozialistischer_Reichsbund_f%C3%BCr_Leibes%C3%BCbungen" title="Nationalsozialistischer Reichsbund für Leibesübungen"><span style="white-space: normal;">Nationalsozialistischer Reichsbund für Leibesübungen (NSRL)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Partai_Nazi" class="mw-redirect" title="Partai Nazi">Partai Pekerja Jerman Sosialis Nasional (NSDAP)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gestapo" title="Gestapo">Geheime Staatspolizei (Gestapo)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sturmabteilung" title="Sturmabteilung">Sturmabteilung (SA)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schutzstaffel" title="Schutzstaffel">Schutzstaffel (SS)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pemuda_Hitler" title="Pemuda Hitler">Pemuda Hitler (HJ)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liga_Perempuan_Jerman" class="mw-redirect" title="Liga Perempuan Jerman">Liga Perempuan Jerman (BDM)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liga_Wanita_Nasional_Sosialis" class="mw-redirect" title="Liga Wanita Nasional Sosialis">Liga Wanita Sosialis Nasional (NSF)</a><hr /></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="padding:0 0.4em 0">Sejarah</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Garis_waktu_awal_Nazisme&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Garis waktu awal Nazisme (halaman belum tersedia)">Garis waktu awal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenaikan_Adolf_Hitler" class="mw-redirect" title="Kenaikan Adolf Hitler">Kenaikan Hitler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Machtergreifung" title="Machtergreifung">Machtergreifung</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Persenjataan_Jerman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Persenjataan Jerman (halaman belum tersedia)">Persenjataan Jerman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerman_Nazi" title="Jerman Nazi">Jerman Nazi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agama_di_Jerman_Nazi" title="Agama di Jerman Nazi">Agama di Jerman Nazi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malam_Pisau-Pisau_Panjang" class="mw-redirect" title="Malam Pisau-Pisau Panjang">Malam Pisau-Pisau Panjang</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rapat_Nuremberg&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rapat Nuremberg (halaman belum tersedia)">Rapat Nuremberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakta_Anti-Komintern" title="Pakta Anti-Komintern">Pakta Anti-Komintern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kristallnacht" title="Kristallnacht">Kristallnacht</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perang_Dunia_II" title="Perang Dunia II">Perang Dunia II</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pakta_Tripartite&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pakta Tripartite (halaman belum tersedia)">Pakta Tripartite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holocaust" class="mw-redirect" title="Holocaust">Holocaust</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pengadilan_Nuremberg" class="mw-redirect" title="Pengadilan Nuremberg">Pengadilan Nuremberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-Nazisme" title="Neo-Nazisme">Neo-Nazisme</a><hr /></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="padding:0 0.4em 0">Ideologi <span style="font-weight:normal;">(non-rasial)</span></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fasisme" title="Fasisme">Fasisme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gleichschaltung" title="Gleichschaltung">Gleichschaltung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pandangan_politik_Adolf_Hitler" title="Pandangan politik Adolf Hitler">Pandangan politik Hitler</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mein_Kampf" title="Mein Kampf">Mein Kampf</a></i></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Militarisme&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Militarisme (halaman belum tersedia)">Militarisme</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Program_Sosialis_Nasional&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Program Sosialis Nasional (halaman belum tersedia)">Program Sosialis Nasional</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orde_Baru_(Nazisme)" title="Orde Baru (Nazisme)">Orde Baru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Propaganda_Nazi" title="Propaganda Nazi">Propaganda</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bangsa_proletar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bangsa proletar (halaman belum tersedia)">Bangsa proletar</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aspek_religius_Nazisme&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aspek religius Nazisme (halaman belum tersedia)">Aspek religius</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Politik_Sinkretis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Politik Sinkretis (halaman belum tersedia)">Politik Sinkretis</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wanita_di_Reich_Ketiga&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wanita di Reich Ketiga (halaman belum tersedia)">Wanita di Reich Ketiga</a><hr /></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="padding:0 0.4em 0"><a href="/wiki/Nazisme_dan_ras" title="Nazisme dan ras">Ideologi ras</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ras_Arya#Nazisme_dan_Neo-Nazisme" title="Ras Arya">Ras Arya</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Darah_dan_tanah&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Darah dan tanah (halaman belum tersedia)">Darah dan tanah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eugenika_Nazi" title="Eugenika Nazi">Eugenika</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Reich_Jermanik_Raya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Reich Jermanik Raya (halaman belum tersedia)">Reich Jermanik Raya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heim_ins_Reich" title="Heim ins Reich">Heim ins Reich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lebensraum" title="Lebensraum">Lebensraum</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ras_utama&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ras utama (halaman belum tersedia)">Ras utama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kebijakan_ras_Jerman_Nazi" title="Kebijakan ras Jerman Nazi">Kebijakan ras Jerman Nazi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kesetaraan_V%C3%B6lkisch&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kesetaraan Völkisch (halaman belum tersedia)">Kesetaraan Völkisch</a><hr /></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="padding:0 0.4em 0"><a href="/wiki/Solusi_Akhir" title="Solusi Akhir">Solusi Akhir</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kamp_konsentrasi" title="Kamp konsentrasi">Kamp konsentrasi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deportasi" title="Deportasi">Deportasi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pengadilan_Dokter" class="mw-redirect" title="Pengadilan Dokter">Pengadilan Dokter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamp_pemusnahan" title="Kamp pemusnahan">Kamp pemusnahan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genosida" title="Genosida">Genosida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghetto_di_Eropa_Nazi" title="Ghetto di Eropa Nazi">Ghetto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamp_buruh" title="Kamp buruh">Kamp buruh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Percobaan_manusia_Nazi" class="mw-redirect" title="Percobaan manusia Nazi">Percobaan manusia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pogrom" title="Pogrom">Pogrom</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pemisahan_ras&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pemisahan ras (halaman belum tersedia)">Pemisahan ras</a><hr /></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="padding:0 0.4em 0"><a href="/wiki/Daftar_tokoh_Nazi" class="mw-redirect" title="Daftar tokoh Nazi">Tokoh</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adolf_Hitler" title="Adolf Hitler">Adolf Hitler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Himmler" title="Heinrich Himmler">Heinrich Himmler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermann_G%C3%B6ring" title="Hermann Göring">Hermann Göring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Goebbels" title="Joseph Goebbels">Joseph Goebbels</a><hr /></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="padding:0 0.4em 0">Luar Jerman</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Nazi_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="American Nazi Party">American Nazi Party</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arrow_Cross_Party&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arrow Cross Party (halaman belum tersedia)">Arrow Cross Party (Hungary)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_American_Bund" class="mw-redirect" title="German American Bund">German American Bund</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Greyshirts&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Greyshirts (halaman belum tersedia)">Greyshirts (South Africa)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hungarian_National_Socialist_Party&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hungarian National Socialist Party (halaman belum tersedia)">Hungarian National Socialist Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nasjonal_Samling" title="Nasjonal Samling">Nasjonal Samling (Norway)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Socialist_Movement_in_the_Netherlands&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National Socialist Movement in the Netherlands (halaman belum tersedia)">Nationaal-Socialistische<br />Beweging (Netherlands)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Movement_of_Switzerland&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National Movement of Switzerland (halaman belum tersedia)">National Movement of Switzerland (NBS)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Socialist_Bloc&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National Socialist Bloc (halaman belum tersedia)">National Socialist Bloc (Sweden)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Socialist_League&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National Socialist League (halaman belum tersedia)">National Socialist League (UK)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Movimiento_Nacional_Socialista_de_Chile&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Movimiento Nacional Socialista de Chile (halaman belum tersedia)">Movimiento Nacional Socialista de Chile</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Socialist_Movement_(United_States)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National Socialist Movement (United States) (halaman belum tersedia)">National Socialist Movement (United States)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Socialist_Workers%27_Party_of_Denmark&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National Socialist Workers' Party of Denmark (halaman belum tersedia)">National Socialist Workers' Party of Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Unity_Party_(Canada)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National Unity Party (Canada) (halaman belum tersedia)">National Unity Party (Canada)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nationalist_Liberation_Alliance&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nationalist Liberation Alliance (halaman belum tersedia)">Nationalist Liberation Alliance (Argentina)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rashtriya_Swayamsevak_Sangh" title="Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh">Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (India)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ossewabrandwag&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ossewabrandwag (halaman belum tersedia)">Ossewabrandwag (South Africa)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Usta%C5%A1e" title="Ustaše">Ustaša – Croatian Revolutionary Movement<br />(Independent State of Croatia)</a><hr /></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="padding:0 0.4em 0">Literatur</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Socialist_Program&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National Socialist Program (halaman belum tersedia)">National Socialist Program</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mein_Kampf" title="Mein Kampf">Mein Kampf</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Legal_Basis_of_the_Total_State&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Legal Basis of the Total State (halaman belum tersedia)">The Legal Basis of the Total State</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Myth_of_the_Twentieth_Century" title="The Myth of the Twentieth Century">The Myth of the Twentieth Century</a></i><hr /></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="padding:0 0.4em 0">Daftar</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Daftar_buku_karya_atau_tentang_Adolf_Hitler" title="Daftar buku karya atau tentang Adolf Hitler">Buku karya atau tentang Adolf Hitler</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Daftar_Nazi_ideologues&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Daftar Nazi ideologues (halaman belum tersedia)">Nazi ideologues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daftar_pemimpin_dan_pejabat_Partai_Nazi" class="mw-redirect" title="Daftar pemimpin dan pejabat Partai Nazi">Pemimpin dan pejabat Partai Nazi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daftar_tokoh_Nazi" class="mw-redirect" title="Daftar tokoh Nazi">Anggota Partai Nazi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Daftar_mantan_anggota_Partai_Nazi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Daftar mantan anggota Partai Nazi (halaman belum tersedia)">Mantan anggota Partai Nazi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daftar_pidato_Adolf_Hitler" title="Daftar pidato Adolf Hitler">Pidato Adolf Hitler</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Daftar_personil_SS&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Daftar personil SS (halaman belum tersedia)">Personil SS</a><hr /></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="padding:0 0.4em 0">Topik terkait</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antisemitisme" title="Antisemitisme">Antisemitisme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fasisme" title="Fasisme">Fasisme</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Glosarium_Jerman_Nazi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Glosarium Jerman Nazi (halaman belum tersedia)">Glosarium Jerman Nazi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holocaust" class="mw-redirect" title="Holocaust">Holocaust</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-Nazisme" title="Neo-Nazisme">Neo-Nazisme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strasserisme" title="Strasserisme">Strasserisme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerakan_V%C3%B6lkisch" title="Gerakan Völkisch">Gerakan Völkisch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denazifikasi" title="Denazifikasi">Denazifikasi</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below"> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Symbol_category_class.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Category"><img alt="Category" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kategori:Nazisme&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kategori:Nazisme (halaman belum tersedia)">Kategori</a></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r18590415">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-lihat"><a href="/wiki/Templat:Kotak_samping_Nazisme" title="Templat:Kotak samping Nazisme"><abbr title="Lihat templat ini">l</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-bicara"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pembicaraan_Templat:Kotak_samping_Nazisme&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pembicaraan Templat:Kotak samping Nazisme (halaman belum tersedia)"><abbr title="Diskusikan templat ini">b</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-sunting"><a class="external text" href="https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Templat:Kotak_samping_Nazisme&action=edit"><abbr title="Sunting templat ini">s</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Eksperimen manusia Nazi</b> adalah serangkaian <a href="/w/index.php?title=Eksperimen_manusia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eksperimen manusia (halaman belum tersedia)">eksperimen medis</a> terhadap sejumlah besar tahanan, terutama orang-orang <a href="/wiki/Yahudi" class="mw-disambig" title="Yahudi">Yahudi</a> (termasuk anak-anak Yahudi) dari seluruh <a href="/wiki/Eropa" title="Eropa">Eropa</a>, namun dalam beberapa kasus, eksperimen ini juga dilakukan terhadap <a href="/wiki/Orang_Rom" class="mw-redirect" title="Orang Rom">Orang Rom</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kejahanan_Nazi_terhadap_tawanan_perang_Soviet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kejahanan Nazi terhadap tawanan perang Soviet (halaman belum tersedia)">tawanan perang Soviet</a>, dan <a href="/wiki/Aksi_T4" title="Aksi T4">orang cacat Jerman non-Yahudi</a>, yang dilakukan oleh rezim <a href="/wiki/Jerman_Nazi" title="Jerman Nazi">Jerman Nazi</a> di dalam <a href="/wiki/Kamp_konsentrasi" title="Kamp konsentrasi">kamp konsentrasi</a> pada awal 1940-an, khususnya selama <a href="/wiki/Perang_Dunia_II" title="Perang Dunia II">Perang Dunia II</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Holokaus" title="Holokaus">Holokaus</a>. Para tahanan dipaksa untuk berpartisipasi, tidak ada di antara mereka yang bersedia untuk menjadi sukarelawan. Biasanya, eksperimen medis ini akan berakhir dengan kematian, infeksi, atau <a href="/wiki/Cacat" class="mw-redirect" title="Cacat">cacat</a> permanen, dan dengan demikian dianggap sebagai contoh <a href="/w/index.php?title=Penyiksaan_medis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Penyiksaan medis (halaman belum tersedia)">penyiksaan medis</a>. Di <a href="/wiki/Kamp_konsentrasi_Auschwitz" title="Kamp konsentrasi Auschwitz">Auschwitz</a> dan kamp-kamp lainnya, di bawah arahan dari <a href="/wiki/Eduard_Wirths" title="Eduard Wirths">Dr. Eduard Wirths</a>, tahanan yang terpilih akan menjadi sasaran bagi berbagai eksperimen berbahaya yang dirancang untuk membantu personel militer <a href="/wiki/Jerman" title="Jerman">Jerman</a> dalam menghadapi pertempuran, untuk mengembangkan senjata baru, membantu pemulihan personel militer yang terluka, dan untuk mendukung ideologi rasial yang dicetuskan oleh <a href="/wiki/Reich_Ketiga" class="mw-redirect" title="Reich Ketiga">Reich Ketiga</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Aribert_Heim" title="Aribert Heim">Dr. Aribert Heim</a> juga melakukan eksperimen medis serupa di <a href="/wiki/Kamp_konsentrasi_Mauthausen-Gusen" title="Kamp konsentrasi Mauthausen-Gusen">kamp konsentrasi Mauthausen-Gusen</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Carl_Vaernet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Carl Vaernet (halaman belum tersedia)">Carl Værnet</a> terkenal karena melakukan eksperimen medis terhadap tahanan <a href="/wiki/Homoseksual" class="mw-redirect" title="Homoseksual">homoseksual</a> dalam upayanya yang mencoba untuk menyembuhkan homoseksualitas. Setelah perang, kejahatan-kejahatan keji ini diadili di pengadilan khusus yang dikenal dengan <a href="/wiki/Pengadilan_Dokter" class="mw-redirect" title="Pengadilan Dokter">Pengadilan Dokter</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Eksperimen">Eksperimen</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eksperimen_manusia_Nazi&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Sunting bagian: Eksperimen" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eksperimen_manusia_Nazi&action=edit&section=1" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Eksperimen"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Menurut dakwaan di <a href="/wiki/Pengadilan_Nuremberg" class="mw-redirect" title="Pengadilan Nuremberg">Pengadilan Nuremberg</a> di kemudian hari,<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> eksperimen medis ini meliputi: </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Eksperimen_anak_kembar">Eksperimen anak kembar</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eksperimen_manusia_Nazi&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Sunting bagian: Eksperimen anak kembar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eksperimen_manusia_Nazi&action=edit&section=2" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Eksperimen anak kembar"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:RomanichildrenAuschwitz.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/id/thumb/4/40/RomanichildrenAuschwitz.jpg/220px-RomanichildrenAuschwitz.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/id/thumb/4/40/RomanichildrenAuschwitz.jpg/330px-RomanichildrenAuschwitz.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/id/thumb/4/40/RomanichildrenAuschwitz.jpg/440px-RomanichildrenAuschwitz.jpg 2x" data-file-width="624" data-file-height="474" /></a><figcaption>Anak-anak kembar <a href="/wiki/Orang_Rom" class="mw-redirect" title="Orang Rom">Rom</a> di <a href="/wiki/Auschwitz" class="mw-redirect" title="Auschwitz">Auschwitz</a>, korban eksperimen medis Nazi.</figcaption></figure> <p>Eksperimen pada anak kembar di <a href="/wiki/Kamp_konsentrasi" title="Kamp konsentrasi">kamp konsentrasi</a> diciptakan untuk meneliti mengenai persamaan dan perbedaan dalam studi genetika dari anak kembar, serta untuk mengetahui apakah tubuh manusia bisa dimanipulasi secara tidak wajar. Pemimpin utama dari eksperimen ini adalah <a href="/wiki/Josef_Mengele" title="Josef Mengele">Josef Mengele</a>. Ia melakukan berbagai eksperimen pada tahun 1943–1944 terhadap hampir 1.500 pasang orang kembar yang dipenjarakan di <a href="/wiki/Auschwitz" class="mw-redirect" title="Auschwitz">Auschwitz</a>. Hanya sekitar 2000-an dari korban-korbannya yang berhasil selamat.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Saat berkuliah di <a href="/wiki/Universitas_Ludwig_Maximilian_Munich" class="mw-redirect" title="Universitas Ludwig Maximilian Munich">Universitas Munich</a>, Mengele mempelajari ilmu <a href="/wiki/Filsafat" title="Filsafat">filsafat</a>, <a href="/wiki/Antropologi" title="Antropologi">antropologi</a>, dan <a href="/wiki/Kedokteran" title="Kedokteran">kedokteran</a>. Ia memperoleh gelar PhD untuk <a href="/wiki/Tesis" title="Tesis">tesisnya</a> yang berjudul "Kajian Morfologi Rasial Rahang Bawah dari Empat Kelompok Ras", yang menyatakan bahwa <a href="/wiki/Ras" class="mw-disambig" title="Ras">ras</a> seseorang dapat diketahui hanya dengan melihat bentuk rahangnya.<sup id="cite_ref-Wyschogrod_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wyschogrod-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nazi menganggap penelitiannya ini sangat berharga dan kemudian merekrut Mengele untuk bertugas di kamp konsentrasi Auschwitz yang terletak di <a href="/wiki/Polandia" title="Polandia">Polandia</a>, yang diduduki Jerman pada tanggal 30 Mei 1943. Mengele bukanlah satu-satunya dokter di Auschwitz, <a href="/wiki/Eduard_Wirths" title="Eduard Wirths">Dr. Eduard Wirths</a> juga bertugas di Austhwitz.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Di sana, Mengele melakukan eksperimen genetik pada anak-anak kembar. Anak-anak ini dikelompokkan berdasarkan usia dan jenis kelamin mereka lalu dikurung di barak-barak kamp selama eksperimen. Eksperimen-eksperimen ini meliputi penyuntikan zat pewarna yang berbeda ke mata mereka untuk mengetahui apakah hal itu bisa mengubah warna mata mereka, dan, yang paling mengerikan, menjahit mereka menyatu dalam upayanya untuk menciptakan <a href="/wiki/Kembar_siam" title="Kembar siam">kembar siam</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-WEAK_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WEAK-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Berenbaum194_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Berenbaum194-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Eksperimen_transplantasi_tulang,_otot,_dan_saraf"><span id="Eksperimen_transplantasi_tulang.2C_otot.2C_dan_saraf"></span>Eksperimen transplantasi tulang, otot, dan saraf</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eksperimen_manusia_Nazi&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Sunting bagian: Eksperimen transplantasi tulang, otot, dan saraf" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eksperimen_manusia_Nazi&action=edit&section=3" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Eksperimen transplantasi tulang, otot, dan saraf"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Dari bulan September 1942 sampai Desember 1943, eksperimen medis Nazi difokuskan di <a href="/wiki/Kamp_konsentrasi_Ravensbr%C3%BCck" title="Kamp konsentrasi Ravensbrück">kamp konsentrasi Ravensbrück</a> untuk kepentingan Angkatan Bersenjata Jerman. Eksperimen ini bertujuan untuk meneliti tentang <a href="/wiki/Regenerasi_(biologi)" title="Regenerasi (biologi)">regenerasi</a> <a href="/wiki/Tulang" title="Tulang">tulang</a>, <a href="/wiki/Otot" title="Otot">otot</a>, <a href="/wiki/Saraf" title="Saraf">saraf</a>, serta <a href="/wiki/Transplantasi" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Transplantasi">transplantasi</a> tulang dari seseorang ke yang lainnya. Tulang, otot, dan saraf para subjek eksperimen dikeluarkan dari tubuh subjek tanpa melalui <a href="/wiki/Anestesi" class="mw-redirect" title="Anestesi">pembiusan</a>. Sebagai hasil dari operasi ini, banyak korban yang mati kesakitan, termutilasi, dan mengalami cacat permanen. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Eksperimen_cedera_kepala">Eksperimen cedera kepala</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eksperimen_manusia_Nazi&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Sunting bagian: Eksperimen cedera kepala" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eksperimen_manusia_Nazi&action=edit&section=4" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Eksperimen cedera kepala"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Pada pertengahan-1942, di <a href="/w/index.php?title=Baranowicze&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Baranowicze (halaman belum tersedia)">Baranowicze</a>, <a href="/wiki/Polandia" title="Polandia">Polandia</a>, eksperimen dilakukan di sebuah bangunan kecil di belakang rumah pribadi yang ditempati oleh petugas keamanan Nazi. Di sana, "seorang anak muda yang berusia sebelas atau dua belas tahun diikat ke kursi sehingga dia tidak bisa bergerak. Di atasnya terdapat palu mekanik yang setiap beberapa detik turun memukul kepalanya." Anak itu disiksa dengan keji.<sup id="cite_ref-Small_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Small-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Eksperimen_pembekuan">Eksperimen pembekuan</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eksperimen_manusia_Nazi&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Sunting bagian: Eksperimen pembekuan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eksperimen_manusia_Nazi&action=edit&section=5" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Eksperimen pembekuan"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Dachau_cold_water_immersion.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/id/thumb/4/4c/Dachau_cold_water_immersion.jpg/220px-Dachau_cold_water_immersion.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/id/4/4c/Dachau_cold_water_immersion.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="201" /></a><figcaption>Eksperimen perendaman di air dingin di <a href="/wiki/Kamp_konsentrasi_Dachau" title="Kamp konsentrasi Dachau">kamp konsentrasi Dachau</a> yang dilakukan oleh Professor <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ernst_Holzl%C3%B6hner&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ernst Holzlöhner (halaman belum tersedia)">Ernst Holzlöhner</a> (kiri) dan Dr. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sigmund_Rascher&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sigmund Rascher (halaman belum tersedia)">Sigmund Rascher</a> (kanan). Subyek mengenakan baju eksperimen <a href="/wiki/Luftwaffe" title="Luftwaffe">Luftwaffe</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Pada tahun 1941, <i><a href="/wiki/Luftwaffe" title="Luftwaffe">Luftwaffe</a></i> melakukan eksperimen dengan tujuan menemukan cara untuk mencegah dan mengobati <a href="/wiki/Hipotermia" title="Hipotermia">hipotermia</a>. Salah satu dari eksperimen ini dilakukan dengan cara memaksa subjek untuk bertahan di sebuah tangki air es selama lima jam. </p> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Tabel "Exitus" (kematian) yang disusun oleh Dr <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sigmund_Rascher&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sigmund Rascher (halaman belum tersedia)">Sigmund Rascher</a><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th><i>No. percobaan</i> </th> <th><i>Suhu air</i> </th> <th><i>Suhu tubuh ketika diangkat</i> </th> <th><i>Suhu tubuh saat meninggal</i> </th> <th><i>Waktu di dalam air</i> </th> <th><i>Waktu kematian</i> </th></tr> <tr> <td>5 </td> <td>5.2 °C </td> <td>27.7 °C </td> <td>27.7 °C </td> <td>66' </td> <td>66' </td></tr> <tr> <td>13 </td> <td>6° </td> <td>29.2° </td> <td>29.2° </td> <td>80' </td> <td>87' </td></tr> <tr> <td>14 </td> <td>4° </td> <td>27.8° </td> <td>27.5° </td> <td>95' </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>16 </td> <td>4° </td> <td>28.7° </td> <td>26° </td> <td>60' </td> <td>74' </td></tr> <tr> <td>23 </td> <td>4.5° </td> <td>27.8° </td> <td>25.7° </td> <td>57' </td> <td>65' </td></tr> <tr> <td>25 </td> <td>4.5° </td> <td>27.8° </td> <td>26.6° </td> <td>51' </td> <td>65' </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td>4.2° </td> <td>26.7° </td> <td>25.9° </td> <td>53' </td> <td>53' </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Dalam eksperimen lainnya, para tahanan ditempatkan di udara terbuka dengan bertelanjang bulat selama beberapa jam dengan suhu serendah −6 °C (21 °F). Selain meneliti mengenai efek cuaca dingin terhadap fisik, peneliti Nazi juga bereksperimen dengan metode yang berbeda mengenai penghangatan tubuh.<sup id="cite_ref-Bogod_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bogod-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Eksperimen pembekuan/hipotermia ini dilakukan atas perintah dari komando tinggi <a href="/wiki/Nazi" class="mw-redirect" title="Nazi">Nazi</a> untuk membantu tentara Jerman yang menderita dalam pertempuran musim dingin di Eropa Timur. Banyak juga eksperimen yang dilakukan terhadap tentara Rusia yang ditangkap, Nazi ingin mengetahui apakah gen tentara-tentara ini menjadikan mereka lebih tahan terhadap cuaca dingin.<sup id="cite_ref-NOVA_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NOVA-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Diperkirakan sekitar 100 jiwa meninggal akibat eksperimen ini.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Eksperimen_malaria">Eksperimen malaria</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eksperimen_manusia_Nazi&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Sunting bagian: Eksperimen malaria" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eksperimen_manusia_Nazi&action=edit&section=6" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Eksperimen malaria"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Dari bulan Februari 1942 sampai April 1945, eksperimen dilakukan di kamp konsentrasi Dachau untuk meneliti mengenai <a href="/wiki/Imunisasi" title="Imunisasi">imunisasi</a> dalam pengobatan <a href="/wiki/Malaria" title="Malaria">malaria</a>. Tahanan yang sehat sengaja diinfeksi dengan <a href="/wiki/Nyamuk" title="Nyamuk">nyamuk</a> atau dengan menyuntikkan ekstrak dari <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kelenjar_mukosa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kelenjar mukosa (halaman belum tersedia)">kelenjar mukosa</a> nyamuk betina. Setelah tertular penyakit, subjek diobati dengan berbagai obat untuk menguji kekebalan dan khasiat obat. Lebih dari 1.000 orang digunakan dalam eksperimen ini, dan lebih dari setengahnya tewas.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span title="Kalimat yang diikuti tag ini membutuhkan rujukan. since July 2012" style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Kutip_sumber_tulisan" title="Wikipedia:Kutip sumber tulisan">butuh rujukan</a></i>]</span></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Eksperimen_gas_mustar">Eksperimen gas mustar</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eksperimen_manusia_Nazi&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Sunting bagian: Eksperimen gas mustar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eksperimen_manusia_Nazi&action=edit&section=7" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Eksperimen gas mustar"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Dalam berbagai waktu antara bulan September 1939 hingga April 1945, banyak eksperimen yang dilakukan di <a href="/wiki/Kamp_konsentrasi_Sachsenhausen" title="Kamp konsentrasi Sachsenhausen">Sachsenhausen</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Natzweiler&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Natzweiler (halaman belum tersedia)">Natzweiler</a>, dan kamp lainnya untuk meneliti perawatan yang paling efektif terhadap luka yang disebabkan oleh gas mustar. Subjek eksperimen ini sengaja dikenai gas mustar dan gas berbahaya lainnya (misalnya <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lewisite&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lewisite (halaman belum tersedia)">Lewisite</a>), yang akan menimbulkan luka bakar kimia parah. Luka korban kemudian diuji untuk menemukan obat yang paling efektif bagi luka bakar gas mustar.<sup id="cite_ref-trials_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-trials-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Children_of_Bullinhuser_Damm.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/id/thumb/c/c8/Children_of_Bullinhuser_Damm.jpg/220px-Children_of_Bullinhuser_Damm.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="201" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/id/thumb/c/c8/Children_of_Bullinhuser_Damm.jpg/330px-Children_of_Bullinhuser_Damm.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/id/c/c8/Children_of_Bullinhuser_Damm.jpg 2x" data-file-width="365" data-file-height="333" /></a><figcaption>Anak-anak korban eksperimen Nazi menunjukkan sayatan tempat <a href="/wiki/Kelenjar_getah_bening" class="mw-redirect" title="Kelenjar getah bening">kelenjar getah bening</a> mereka dibedah setelah sebelumnya sengaja diinfeksi dengan <a href="/wiki/Tuberkulosis" title="Tuberkulosis">tuberkulosis</a> di <a href="/wiki/Kamp_konsentrasi_Neuengamme" title="Kamp konsentrasi Neuengamme">kamp konsentrasi Neuengamme</a>. Mereka kemudian dibunuh.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Eksperimen_sulfonamida">Eksperimen sulfonamida</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eksperimen_manusia_Nazi&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Sunting bagian: Eksperimen sulfonamida" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eksperimen_manusia_Nazi&action=edit&section=8" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Eksperimen sulfonamida"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Dari bulan Juli 1942 hingga September 1943, eksperimen untuk meneliti efektivitas <a href="/wiki/Sulfonamida" title="Sulfonamida">sulfonamida</a> dilakukan di Ravensbrück.<sup id="cite_ref-Schaefer_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Schaefer-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Luka yang diderita korban diinfeksikan dengan <a href="/wiki/Bakteri" title="Bakteri">bakteri</a>-bakteri seperti <i><a href="/wiki/Streptococcus" title="Streptococcus">Streptococcus</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Clostridium_perfringens" title="Clostridium perfringens">Clostridium perfringens</a></i> dan <i><a href="/wiki/Clostridium_tetani" title="Clostridium tetani">Clostridium tetani</a></i>, yang menyebabkan <a href="/wiki/Tetanus" title="Tetanus">tetanus</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Spitz_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Spitz-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sirkulasi darah dihambat dengan mengikat pembuluh darah korban di kedua ujung luka untuk menciptakan kondisi yang mirip dengan luka di medan perang. Infeksi ini semakin diperparah oleh peneliti Nazi dengan membubuhkan serutan kayu atau pecahan kaca ke dalam luka. Infeksi ini kemudian diobati dengan sulfonamida dan obat-obatan lainnya untuk membuktikan khasiat dari obat tersebut. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Eksperimen_air_laut">Eksperimen air laut</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eksperimen_manusia_Nazi&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Sunting bagian: Eksperimen air laut" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eksperimen_manusia_Nazi&action=edit&section=9" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Eksperimen air laut"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Dari bulan Juli 1944 hingga September 1944, eksperimen dilakukan di kamp konsentrasi Dachau untuk mempelajari berbagai metode yang memungkinkan air laut untuk bisa digunakan sebagai air minum. Sekitar 90 <a href="/wiki/Orang_Rom" class="mw-redirect" title="Orang Rom">Orang Rom</a> tidak diberi makan dan tidak diberi apapun, kecuali air laut untuk minum, oleh <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hans_Eppinger&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hans Eppinger (halaman belum tersedia)">Dr. Hans Eppinger</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-NOVA_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NOVA-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mereka mengalami <a href="/wiki/Dehidrasi" title="Dehidrasi">dehidrasi</a> parah dan menurut kesaksian korban yang selamat, mereka bahkan menjilati lantai yang baru di pel untuk mendapatkan air minum.<sup id="cite_ref-ETHIC_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ETHIC-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Eksperimen_sterilisasi">Eksperimen sterilisasi</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eksperimen_manusia_Nazi&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Sunting bagian: Eksperimen sterilisasi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eksperimen_manusia_Nazi&action=edit&section=10" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Eksperimen sterilisasi"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Undang-Undang untuk Pencegahan Kelainan Genetik disahkan pada tanggal 14 Juli 1933, yang melegalkan sterilisasi paksa terhadap orang-orang dengan penyakit keturunan seperti berpikiran lemah, skizofrenia, tunanetra, tunarungu, sakit jiwa, pengguna alkohol, serta cacat fisik dan mental lainnya. Undang-undang ini diberlakukan untuk mendorong pertumbuhan ras <a href="/wiki/Arya" title="Arya">Arya</a> melalui sterilisasi orang-orang yang dianggap sebagai "bergenetik rendah".<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 1% dari penduduk Jerman yang berusia antara 17 sampai 24 tahun telah disterilkan dalam waktu 2 tahun. Dalam jangka 4 tahun, 300.000 pasien telah disterilkan.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dari bulan Maret 1941 hingga Januari 1945, eksperimen sterilisasi ini dilakukan di Auschwitz, Ravensbrück, dan kamp-kamp lainnya oleh <a href="/w/index.php?title=Carl_Clauberg&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Carl Clauberg (halaman belum tersedia)">Dr. Carl Clauberg</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-trials_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-trials-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tujuan dari eksperimen ini adalah untuk mengembangkan metode sterilisasi yang cocok untuk mensterilisasi jutaan orang dengan waktu dan usaha seminimal mungkin. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan <a href="/wiki/X-ray" class="mw-redirect" title="X-ray">X-ray</a>, melalui <a href="/wiki/Operasi" class="mw-disambig" title="Operasi">operasi</a>, dan berbagai penggunaan obat-obatan. Ribuan korban disterilkan. Selain eksperimentasi, pemerintah <a href="/wiki/Nazi" class="mw-redirect" title="Nazi">Nazi</a> juga mensterilkan sekitar 400.000 individu sebagai bagian dari program sterilisasi wajibnya.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Eksperimen penyuntikan intravena yang mengandung <a href="/wiki/Yodium" class="mw-redirect" title="Yodium">yodium</a> dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nitrat_perak&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nitrat perak (halaman belum tersedia)">nitrat perak</a> memang berhasil dilakukan terhadap subjek, namun memiliki efek samping seperti pendarahan vagina, sakit perut akut, dan <a href="/wiki/Kanker_serviks" class="mw-redirect" title="Kanker serviks">kanker serviks</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Oleh sebab itu, terapi <a href="/wiki/Radiasi_gamma" class="mw-redirect" title="Radiasi gamma">radiasi</a> menjadi eksperimen favorit untuk melakukan sterilisasi ini. Sayangnya, jumlah tertentu dari paparan radiasi menghambat atau menghilangkan kemampuan seseorang untuk menghasilkan ovum atau sperma. Terapi radiasi ini dilakukan melalui penipuan. Para tahanan dibawa ke sebuah ruangan dan diminta untuk mengisi formulir. Kemudian, terapi radiasi dilakukan tanpa diketahui oleh para tahanan tersebut. Banyak di antara mereka yang menderita <a href="/w/index.php?title=Luka_bakar_radiasi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Luka bakar radiasi (halaman belum tersedia)">luka bakar radiasi</a> parah.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Eksperimen_dengan_racun">Eksperimen dengan racun</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eksperimen_manusia_Nazi&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Sunting bagian: Eksperimen dengan racun" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eksperimen_manusia_Nazi&action=edit&section=11" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Eksperimen dengan racun"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Antara bulan Desember 1943 hingga Oktober 1944, eksperimen dilakukan di <a href="/wiki/Kamp_konsentrasi_Buchenwald" title="Kamp konsentrasi Buchenwald">Buchenwald</a> untuk meneliti pengaruh dari berbagai <a href="/wiki/Racun" title="Racun">racun</a>. Racun-racun ini secara diam-diam diberikan kepada subjek eksperimen melalui makanan mereka. Para korban meninggal akibat racun atau dibunuh seketika untuk melakukan <a href="/wiki/Otopsi" class="mw-redirect" title="Otopsi">otopsi</a>. Pada bulan September 1944, subjek eksperimen ditembak dengan peluru beracun.<sup id="cite_ref-trials_14-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-trials-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Eksperimen_dengan_bom">Eksperimen dengan bom</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eksperimen_manusia_Nazi&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Sunting bagian: Eksperimen dengan bom" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eksperimen_manusia_Nazi&action=edit&section=12" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Eksperimen dengan bom"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Pada bulan November 1943 hingga Januari 1944, eksperimen juga dilakukan di Buchenwald untuk menguji khasiat dari berbagai obat-obatan farmasi dalam menyembuhkan luka bakar <a href="/wiki/Fosfor" title="Fosfor">fosfor</a>. Luka-luka bakar yang diderita para tahanan disebabkan oleh bahan fosfor yang diekstraksi dari <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bom_pembakar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bom pembakar (halaman belum tersedia)">bom pembakar</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-trials_14-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-trials-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Eksperimen_tingkat_ketinggian">Eksperimen tingkat ketinggian</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eksperimen_manusia_Nazi&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Sunting bagian: Eksperimen tingkat ketinggian" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eksperimen_manusia_Nazi&action=edit&section=13" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Eksperimen tingkat ketinggian"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="rellink boilerplate further">Info lebih lanjut: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hubertus_Strughold&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hubertus Strughold (halaman belum tersedia)">Hubertus Strughold</a></div> <p>Pada awal 1942, para tahanan di kamp konsentrasi Dachau digunakan oleh Sigmund Rascher dalam eksperimennya untuk membantu pilot Jerman yang harus <a href="/wiki/Kursi_lontar" title="Kursi lontar">melontarkan</a> diri dari ketinggian. Sebuah <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ruang_bertekanan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ruang bertekanan (halaman belum tersedia)">ruang bertekanan rendah</a> yang berisi para tahanan digunakan untuk mensimulasikan kondisi di ketinggian hingga 20.000 m (66.000 ft). Ada rumor yang menyatakan bahwa Rascher melakukan <a href="/wiki/Pembedahan_mahluk_hidup" class="mw-redirect" title="Pembedahan mahluk hidup">pembedahan</a> pada otak korban yang selamat dari eksperimen ini.<sup id="cite_ref-Cockburn_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cockburn-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dari 200 subjek eksperimen, 80 di antaranya meninggal langsung, sedangkan yang lainnya dieksekusi.<sup id="cite_ref-NOVA_12-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NOVA-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Dampak">Dampak</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eksperimen_manusia_Nazi&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Sunting bagian: Dampak" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eksperimen_manusia_Nazi&action=edit&section=14" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Dampak"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Buchenwald_Medical_Experiments_80622.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Buchenwald_Medical_Experiments_80622.jpg/220px-Buchenwald_Medical_Experiments_80622.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="174" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Buchenwald_Medical_Experiments_80622.jpg/330px-Buchenwald_Medical_Experiments_80622.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Buchenwald_Medical_Experiments_80622.jpg/440px-Buchenwald_Medical_Experiments_80622.jpg 2x" data-file-width="467" data-file-height="370" /></a><figcaption>Seorang tahanan menunjukkan stoples berisi organ tubuh manusia yang diambil dari para korban eksperimen Nazi di Buchenwald kepada seorang tentara Amerika.</figcaption></figure> <p>Banyak dari subjek yang meninggal setelah eksperimen, sedangkan yang lainnya dibunuh setelah eksperimen selesai untuk meneliti efek dari <a href="/w/index.php?title=Visum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Visum (halaman belum tersedia)">visum</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-CHILD_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CHILD-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sementara korban yang berhasil selamat dibiarkan termutilasi, menderita cacat permanen, tubuh melemah, dan tekanan mental.<sup id="cite_ref-NOVA_12-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NOVA-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pada tanggal 19 Agustus 1947, para dokter Nazi ditangkap oleh pasukan <a href="/wiki/Sekutu_Perang_Dunia_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Sekutu Perang Dunia II">Sekutu</a> dan diadili di peradilan <i>USA vs. Karl Brandt et al.</i>, atau secara umum dikenal dengan <a href="/wiki/Pengadilan_Dokter" class="mw-redirect" title="Pengadilan Dokter">Pengadilan Dokter</a>. Di persidangan, beberapa dokter Nazi menyatakan pembelaannya, yang berpendapat bahwa tidak ada <a href="/wiki/Hukum_internasional" title="Hukum internasional">hukum internasional</a> yang mengatur mengenai eksperimen medis.<sup id="cite_ref-BMJ_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BMJ-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Permasalahan eksperimen tanpa persetujuan pasien ini sebelumnya juga telah menjadi kontroversi dalam dunia kedokteran Jerman pada tahun 1900, jauh sebelum Nazi berkuasa, yaitu saat Dr. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Albert_Neisser&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Albert Neisser (halaman belum tersedia)">Albert Neisser</a> menginfeksi pasiennya (terutama pelacur) dengan sifilis tanpa persetujuan dari mereka. Meskipun Neisser mendapat dukungan dari sebagian besar komunitas akademis, namun opini publik, yang dipimpin oleh psikiater <a href="/w/index.php?title=Albert_Moll&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Albert Moll (halaman belum tersedia)">Albert Moll</a>, menentang Neisser. Neisser kemudian didenda oleh "Royal Disciplinary Court", sedangkan Moll mengembangkan "teori kontrak yang berbasis hukum dan positif mengenai hubungan antara dokter-pasien", yang kemudian di adopsi ke dalam undang-undang <a href="/wiki/Jerman" title="Jerman">Jerman</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-BMJ_26-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BMJ-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pada akhirnya, Kementerian Agama, Pendidikan, dan Kesehatan Jerman mengeluarkan instruksi yang menyatakan bahwa "intervensi medis selain untuk tujuan diagnosis, penyembuhan dan imunisasi tidak diijinkan dalam semua situasi jika subjek manusianya tidak bersedia, tidak memberikan persetujuan, atau tidak berkompeten untuk melakukannya", namun peraturan ini sifatnya tidak mengikat secara hukum.<sup id="cite_ref-BMJ_26-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BMJ-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Sebagai tanggapan atas eksperimen keji Nazi, Drs. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Leo_Alexander&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Leo Alexander (halaman belum tersedia)">Leo Alexander</a> dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Andrew_Conway_Ivy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Andrew Conway Ivy (halaman belum tersedia)">Andrew Conway Ivy</a> menyusun sepuluh poin memorandum yang berjudul "Eksperimen Medis yang Diijinkan", memorandum ini selanjutnya dikenal dengan <a href="/wiki/Kode_N%C3%BCrnberg" title="Kode Nürnberg">Kode Nuremberg</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-USHMM_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-USHMM-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kode ini antara lain menyatakan bahwa eksperimen medis diijinkan jika ada persetujuan sukarela dari pasien, tanpa menyebabkan rasa sakit dan penderitaan yang tidak perlu, dan harus ada keyakinan bahwa eksperimen tidak akan berakhir dengan kematian atau cacat.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kode Nuremberg ini tidak disebutkan dalam persidangan dokter Nazi dan bahkan tidak pernah berhasil "lolos" ke dalam undang-undang kedokteran Jerman ataupun Amerika Serikat. </p><p>Pengetahuan kontemporer mengenai cara tubuh manusia bereaksi terhadap pembekuan hampir secara keseluruhan bersumber dari eksperimen medis Nazi. Baru-baru ini, data dari eksperimen Nazi mengenai efek dari gas <a href="/wiki/Fosgen" class="mw-redirect" title="Fosgen">fosgen</a> menjadi kontroversial dan menimbulkan dilema bagi <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kode_etik_kedokteran&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kode etik kedokteran (halaman belum tersedia)">kode etik kedokteran</a> modern, yang tidak setuju dengan metode yang digunakan untuk mendapatkan data ini.<sup id="cite_ref-ETHIC_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ETHIC-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Lihat_pula">Lihat pula</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eksperimen_manusia_Nazi&veaction=edit&section=15" title="Sunting bagian: Lihat pula" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eksperimen_manusia_Nazi&action=edit&section=15" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Lihat pula"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r23035139">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:#f9f9f9}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r23782729">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons memiliki media mengenai <i><b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Nazi_medical_experiments" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Nazi medical experiments"><span style="">Eksperimen manusia Nazi</span></a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li>Dr <a href="/w/index.php?title=Karl_Genzken&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Karl Genzken (halaman belum tersedia)">Karl Genzken</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kode_Nuremberg&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kode Nuremberg (halaman belum tersedia)">Kode Nuremberg</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Koleksi_kerangka_Yahudi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Koleksi kerangka Yahudi (halaman belum tersedia)">Koleksi kerangka Yahudi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nazi_eugenics&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nazi eugenics (halaman belum tersedia)">Nazi eugenics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shiro_Ishii" class="mw-redirect" title="Shiro Ishii">Shiro Ishii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josef_Mengele" title="Josef Mengele">Josef Mengele</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penyiksaan" title="Penyiksaan">Penyiksaan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eksperimen_manusia_Jepang&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eksperimen manusia Jepang (halaman belum tersedia)">Eksperimen manusia Jepang</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eksperimen_manusia_yang_tidak_etis_di_Amerika_Serikat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eksperimen manusia yang tidak etis di Amerika Serikat (halaman belum tersedia)">Eksperimen manusia yang tidak etis di Amerika Serikat</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eksperimen_radiasi_manusia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eksperimen radiasi manusia (halaman belum tersedia)">Eksperimen radiasi manusia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Henry_K._Beecher&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Henry K. Beecher (halaman belum tersedia)">Dr. Henry Beecher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erwin_Ding-Schuler" title="Erwin Ding-Schuler">Erwin Ding-Schuler</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referensi">Referensi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eksperimen_manusia_Nazi&veaction=edit&section=16" title="Sunting bagian: Referensi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eksperimen_manusia_Nazi&action=edit&section=16" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Referensi"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r18833634">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2" style=""> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ushmm.org/wlc/article.php?lang=en&ModuleId=10005168">"Nazi Medical Experimentation"</a>. <i>US Holocaust Memorial Museum</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">23 March</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=US+Holocaust+Memorial+Museum&rft.atitle=Nazi+Medical+Experimentation&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ushmm.org%2Fwlc%2Farticle.php%3Flang%3Den%26ModuleId%3D10005168&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AEksperimen+manusia+Nazi" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/Holocaust/medtoc.html">"Medical Experiment"</a>. <i>Jewish Virtual Library</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">23 March</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Jewish+Virtual+Library&rft.atitle=Medical+Experiment&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jewishvirtuallibrary.org%2Fjsource%2FHolocaust%2Fmedtoc.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AEksperimen+manusia+Nazi" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080420105201/http://www.ushmm.org/research/doctors/indiptx.htm">"The Doctors Trial: The Medical Case of the Subsequent Nuremberg Proceedings"</a>. <i>United States Holocaust Memorial Museum</i>. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ushmm.org/research/doctors/indiptx.htm">versi asli</a> tanggal 2008-04-20<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">23 March</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=United+States+Holocaust+Memorial+Museum&rft.atitle=The+Doctors+Trial%3A+The+Medical+Case+of+the+Subsequent+Nuremberg+Proceedings&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ushmm.org%2Fresearch%2Fdoctors%2Findiptx.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AEksperimen+manusia+Nazi" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.longwood.k12.ny.us/lhs/science/mos/twins/mengele.html">Josef Mengele and Experimentation on Human Twins at Auschwitz</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150414074936/http://www.longwood.k12.ny.us/lhs/science/mos/twins/mengele.html">Diarsipkan</a> 2015-04-14 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>., <i>Children of the Flames; Dr. Josef Mengele and the Untold Story of the Twins of Auschwitz</i>, Lucette Matalon Lagnado and Sheila Cohn Dekel, and <i>Mengele: the Complete Story</i> by Gerald Posner and John Ware.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Wyschogrod-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Wyschogrod_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Wyschogrod, Edith (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/books?id=HnBniBgWylYC&pg=PA560&lpg=PA560&dq=%22racial+morphological+research+on+the+lower+jaw+section+of+four+racial+groups%22&source=web&ots=ug5X54WxDq&sig=LFW_Zxj4zeuolpgwIhfeS-NfiOw"><i>Crossover Queries: Dwelling with Negatives, Embodying Philosophy's Others</i></a>. Fordham University Press. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/0-8232-2607-7" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/0-8232-2607-7">0-8232-2607-7</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Crossover+Queries%3A+Dwelling+with+Negatives%2C+Embodying+Philosophy%27s+Others&rft.pub=Fordham+University+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=0-8232-2607-7&rft.aulast=Wyschogrod&rft.aufirst=Edith&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DHnBniBgWylYC%26pg%3DPA560%26lpg%3DPA560%26dq%3D%2522racial%2Bmorphological%2Bresearch%2Bon%2Bthe%2Blower%2Bjaw%2Bsection%2Bof%2Bfour%2Bracial%2Bgroups%2522%26source%3Dweb%26ots%3Dug5X54WxDq%26sig%3DLFW_Zxj4zeuolpgwIhfeS-NfiOw&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AEksperimen+manusia+Nazi" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ushmm.org/wlc/article.php?lang=en&ModuleId=10007060">"Josef Mengele"</a>. <i>United States Holocaust Memorial Museum</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">23 March</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=United+States+Holocaust+Memorial+Museum&rft.atitle=Josef+Mengele&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ushmm.org%2Fwlc%2Farticle.php%3Flang%3Den%26ModuleId%3D10007060&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AEksperimen+manusia+Nazi" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-WEAK-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-WEAK_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Black, Edwin (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/books?id=qfliJPdl9V4C&pg=PA358&lpg=PA358&dq=mengele+conjoined+sew&source=web&ots=YCXtN_WdTt&sig=jvObL5km02rlette5vbexaDBrFc&hl=en"><i>War Against the Weak: Eugenics and America's Campaign to Create a Master Race</i></a>. United States: Thunder's Mouth Press. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/1-56858-258-7" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/1-56858-258-7">1-56858-258-7</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">14 April</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=War+Against+the+Weak%3A+Eugenics+and+America%27s+Campaign+to+Create+a+Master+Race&rft.place=United+States&rft.pub=Thunder%27s+Mouth+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=1-56858-258-7&rft.aulast=Black&rft.aufirst=Edwin&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DqfliJPdl9V4C%26pg%3DPA358%26lpg%3DPA358%26dq%3Dmengele%2Bconjoined%2Bsew%26source%3Dweb%26ots%3DYCXtN_WdTt%26sig%3DjvObL5km02rlette5vbexaDBrFc%26hl%3Den&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AEksperimen+manusia+Nazi" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Berenbaum194-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Berenbaum194_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Berenbaum, Michael (1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/worldmustknowhis0000bere"><i>The world must know: the history of the Holocaust as told in the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum</i></a>. Boston: Little, Brown. hlm. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/worldmustknowhis0000bere/page/194">194</a>–5. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/0-316-09134-0" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/0-316-09134-0">0-316-09134-0</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+world+must+know%3A+the+history+of+the+Holocaust+as+told+in+the+United+States+Holocaust+Memorial+Museum&rft.place=Boston&rft.pages=194-5&rft.pub=Little%2C+Brown&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=0-316-09134-0&rft.au=Berenbaum%2C+Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fworldmustknowhis0000bere&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AEksperimen+manusia+Nazi" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Small-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Small_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Small, Martin; Vic Shayne. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/books?id=kaIYMRYufh0C&lpg=PA131&ots=mpeA8ZjW3q&dq=%22Dr.%20wichtmann%22&pg=PA135#v=onepage&q=%22Dr.%20wichtmann%22&f=false">"Remember Us: My Journey from the Shtetl through the Holocaust"</a>, Page 135, 2009.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/dachauconcentrat00haus"><i>The Dachau Concentration Camp, 1933 to 1945</i></a>. Comite International Dachau. 2000. hlm. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/dachauconcentrat00haus/page/183">183</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-3-87490-751-4" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-3-87490-751-4">978-3-87490-751-4</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Dachau+Concentration+Camp%2C+1933+to+1945&rft.pages=183&rft.pub=Comite+International+Dachau&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-3-87490-751-4&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fdachauconcentrat00haus&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AEksperimen+manusia+Nazi" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bogod-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Bogod_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bogod, David. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2044.2004.04034.x">"The Nazi Hypothermia Experiments: Forbidden Data?"</a>, <i>Anaesthesia</i>, Volume 59 Issue 12 Page 1155, December 2004.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NOVA-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NOVA_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NOVA_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NOVA_12-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NOVA_12-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Tyson, Peter. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/holocaust/experiside.html">"Holocaust on Trial: The Experiments"</a>. <i>NOVA Online</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">23 March</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NOVA+Online&rft.atitle=Holocaust+on+Trial%3A+The+Experiments&rft.au=Tyson%2C+Peter&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pbs.org%2Fwgbh%2Fnova%2Fholocaust%2Fexperiside.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AEksperimen+manusia+Nazi" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Neurnberg Military Tribunal, Volume I · <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mazal.org/archive/nmt/01/NMT01-T200.htm">Page 200</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-trials-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-trials_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-trials_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-trials_14-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-trials_14-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160820110259/http://nuremberg.law.harvard.edu/php/docs_swi.php?DI=1&text=medical">"Introduction to NMT Case 1: U.S.A. v. Karl Brandt et al."</a> <i>Harvard Law Library, Nuremberg Trials Project: A Digital Document Collection</i>. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nuremberg.law.harvard.edu/php/docs_swi.php?DI=1&text=medical">versi asli</a> tanggal 2016-08-20<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">23 March</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Harvard+Law+Library%2C+Nuremberg+Trials+Project%3A+A+Digital+Document+Collection&rft.atitle=Introduction+to+NMT+Case+1%3A+U.S.A.+v.+Karl+Brandt+et+al.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnuremberg.law.harvard.edu%2Fphp%2Fdocs_swi.php%3FDI%3D1%26text%3Dmedical&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AEksperimen+manusia+Nazi" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Schaefer-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Schaefer_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Schaefer, Naomi. <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thenewatlantis.com/archive/5/schaefer.htm">The Legacy of Nazi Medicine</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080907072046/http://www.thenewatlantis.com/archive/5/schaefer.htm">Diarsipkan</a> 2008-09-07 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</i>, <i>The New Atlantis</i>, Number 5, Spring 2004, pp. 54–60.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Spitz-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Spitz_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Spitz, Vivien (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/books?id=_VH-7oeT4lEC&pg=PA4&lpg=PA4&dq=sulfonamide+nazi+tetanus&source=web&ots=7OMyTBC1eF&sig=A_3K9WRxdMyS4j7qWAaXpK0m7GE"><i>Doctors from Hell: The Horrific Account of Nazi Experiments on Humans</i></a>. Sentient Publications. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/1-59181-032-9" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/1-59181-032-9">1-59181-032-9</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Doctors+from+Hell%3A+The+Horrific+Account+of+Nazi+Experiments+on+Humans&rft.pub=Sentient+Publications&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=1-59181-032-9&rft.aulast=Spitz&rft.aufirst=Vivien&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D_VH-7oeT4lEC%26pg%3DPA4%26lpg%3DPA4%26dq%3Dsulfonamide%2Bnazi%2Btetanus%26source%3Dweb%26ots%3D7OMyTBC1eF%26sig%3DA_3K9WRxdMyS4j7qWAaXpK0m7GE&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AEksperimen+manusia+Nazi" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ETHIC-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ETHIC_17-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ETHIC_17-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Cohen, Baruch C. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jlaw.com/Articles/NaziMedEx.html">"The Ethics Of Using Medical Data From Nazi Experiments"</a>. <i>Jewish Law: Articles</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">23 March</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Jewish+Law%3A+Articles&rft.atitle=The+Ethics+Of+Using+Medical+Data+From+Nazi+Experiments&rft.au=Cohen%2C+Baruch+C.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jlaw.com%2FArticles%2FNaziMedEx.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AEksperimen+manusia+Nazi" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gardella JE. The cost-effectiveness of killing: an overview of Nazi "euthanasia." Medical Sentinel 1999;4:132-5</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Dahl M. [Selection and destruction-treatment of "unworthy-to-live" children in the Third Reich and the role of child and adolescent psychiatry], Prax Kinderpsychol Kinderpsychiatr 2001;50:170-91.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Piotrowski, Christa (21 July 2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080415181618/http://www.commondreams.org/views/072100-106.htm">"Dark Chapter of American History: U.S. Court Battle Over Forced Sterilization"</a>. <i>CommonDreams.org News Center</i>. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.commondreams.org/views/072100-106.htm">versi asli</a> tanggal 2008-04-15<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">23 March</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CommonDreams.org+News+Center&rft.atitle=Dark+Chapter+of+American+History%3A+U.S.+Court+Battle+Over+Forced+Sterilization&rft.date=2000-07-21&rft.au=Piotrowski%2C+Christa&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.commondreams.org%2Fviews%2F072100-106.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AEksperimen+manusia+Nazi" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Meric, Vesna (27 January 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/4212061.stm">"Forced to take part in experiments"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Forced+to+take+part+in+experiments&rft.date=2005-01-27&rft.au=Meric%2C+Vesna&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2Feurope%2F4212061.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AEksperimen+manusia+Nazi" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/Holocaust/aumed.html">"Medical Experiments at Auschwitz"</a>. <i>Jewish Virtual Library</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">23 March</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Jewish+Virtual+Library&rft.atitle=Medical+Experiments+at+Auschwitz&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jewishvirtuallibrary.org%2Fjsource%2FHolocaust%2Faumed.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AEksperimen+manusia+Nazi" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Cockburn-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Cockburn_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Cockburn, Alexander (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/books?id=s5qIj_h_PtkC&pg=PA149&dq=%22sigmund+rascher%22+brain&sig=hik0GQjMaPj9LF-YDkYdp0S9Otc"><i>Whiteout:The CIA, Drugs, and the Press</i></a>. Verso. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/1-85984-139-2" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/1-85984-139-2">1-85984-139-2</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Whiteout%3AThe+CIA%2C+Drugs%2C+and+the+Press&rft.pub=Verso&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=1-85984-139-2&rft.aulast=Cockburn&rft.aufirst=Alexander&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Ds5qIj_h_PtkC%26pg%3DPA149%26dq%3D%2522sigmund%2Brascher%2522%2Bbrain%26sig%3Dhik0GQjMaPj9LF-YDkYdp0S9Otc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AEksperimen+manusia+Nazi" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CHILD-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-CHILD_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Rosenberg, Jennifer. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170219040801/http://history1900s.about.com/od/auschwitz/a/mengeletwins.htm">"Mengele's Children – The Twins of Auschwitz"</a>. <i>about.com</i>. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://history1900s.about.com/od/auschwitz/a/mengeletwins.htm">versi asli</a> tanggal 2017-02-19<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">23 March</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=about.com&rft.atitle=Mengele%27s+Children+%E2%80%93+The+Twins+of+Auschwitz&rft.au=Rosenberg%2C+Jennifer&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhistory1900s.about.com%2Fod%2Fauschwitz%2Fa%2Fmengeletwins.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AEksperimen+manusia+Nazi" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/Holocaust/sterilexp.html">"Sterilization Experiments"</a>. <i>Jewish Virtual Library</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">23 March</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Jewish+Virtual+Library&rft.atitle=Sterilization+Experiments&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jewishvirtuallibrary.org%2Fjsource%2FHolocaust%2Fsterilexp.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AEksperimen+manusia+Nazi" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BMJ-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-BMJ_26-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BMJ_26-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BMJ_26-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Vollman, Jochen. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bmj.com/archive/7070nd1.htm">"Informed consent in human experimentation before the Nuremberg code"</a>. <i>BMJ</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080304153538/http://www.bmj.com/archive/7070nd1.htm">Diarsipkan</a> dari versi asli tanggal 2008-03-04<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">8 April</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BMJ&rft.atitle=Informed+consent+in+human+experimentation+before+the+Nuremberg+code&rft.aulast=Vollman&rft.aufirst=Jochen&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bmj.com%2Farchive%2F7070nd1.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AEksperimen+manusia+Nazi" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|coauthors=</code> yang tidak diketahui mengabaikan (<code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|author=</code> yang disarankan) (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored_suggest" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-USHMM-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-USHMM_27-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130903160928/http://www.ushmm.org/research/doctors/code_expl.htm">"The Nuremberg Code"</a>. <i>United States Holocaust Memorial Museum</i>. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ushmm.org/research/doctors/code_expl.htm">versi asli</a> tanggal 2013-09-03<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">23 March</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=United+States+Holocaust+Memorial+Museum&rft.atitle=The+Nuremberg+Code&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ushmm.org%2Fresearch%2Fdoctors%2Fcode_expl.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AEksperimen+manusia+Nazi" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071029120713/http://ohsr.od.nih.gov/guidelines/nuremberg.html">"Regulations and Ethical Guidelines: Reprinted from <i>Trials of War Criminals before the Nuremberg Military Tribunals under Control Council Law No. 10, Vol. 2, pp. 181–182"</i></a><i>. </i>Office of Human Subjects Research<i>. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office. 1949. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ohsr.od.nih.gov/guidelines/nuremberg.html">versi asli</a> tanggal 2007-10-29<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">23 March</span> 2008</span>.</i></cite><i><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Office+of+Human+Subjects+Research&rft.atitle=Regulations+and+Ethical+Guidelines%3A+Reprinted+from+Trials+of+War+Criminals+before+the+Nuremberg+Military+Tribunals+under+Control+Council+Law+No.+10%2C+Vol.+2%2C+pp.+181%E2%80%93182&rft.date=1949&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fohsr.od.nih.gov%2Fguidelines%2Fnuremberg.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AEksperimen+manusia+Nazi" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></i></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bacaan_lanjutan">Bacaan lanjutan</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eksperimen_manusia_Nazi&veaction=edit&section=17" title="Sunting bagian: Bacaan lanjutan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eksperimen_manusia_Nazi&action=edit&section=17" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Bacaan lanjutan"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Baumslag, N. (2005). <i>Murderous Medicine: Nazi Doctors, Human Experimentation, and Typhus</i>. Praeger Publishers. <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/0275983129" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-275-98312-9</a></li> <li>Michalczyk, J. (Dir.) (1997). <i>In The Shadow Of The Reich: Nazi Medicine</i>. First Run Features. (video)</li> <li><cite class="citation book">Nyiszli, M. (2011). "3". <i>Auschwitz: A Doctor's Eyewitness Account</i>. New York: Arcade Publishing.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=3&rft.btitle=Auschwitz%3A+A+Doctor%27s+Eyewitness+Account&rft.pub=New+York%3A+Arcade+Publishing&rft.date=2011&rft.au=Nyiszli%2C+M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AEksperimen+manusia+Nazi" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li>Rees, L. (2005). <i>Auschwitz: A New History</i>. Public Affairs. <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/1586483579" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 1-58648-357-9</a></li> <li>Weindling, P.J. (2005). <i>Nazi Medicine and the Nuremberg Trials: From Medical War Crimes to Informed Consent</i>. Palgrave Macmillan. <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/140393911X" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 1-4039-3911-X</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pranala_luar">Pranala luar</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eksperimen_manusia_Nazi&veaction=edit&section=18" title="Sunting bagian: Pranala luar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eksperimen_manusia_Nazi&action=edit&section=18" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Pranala luar"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://isurvived.org/TOC-I.html#I-6_MedExp">The Infamous Medical Experiments</a> from Holocaust Survivors and Remembrance Project: "Forget You Not"</li> <li>United States Holocaust Memorial Museum – Online Exhibition: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ushmm.org/research/doctors/">Doctors Trial</a></li> <li>United States Holocaust Memorial Museum – Online Exhibition: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ushmm.org/museum/exhibit/online/deadlymedicine/">Deadly Medicine: Creating the Master Race</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121026014306/http://www.ushmm.org/museum/exhibit/online/deadlymedicine/">Diarsipkan</a> 2012-10-26 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</li> <li>United States Holocaust Memorial Museum – Library Bibliography: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ushmm.org/research/library/bibliography/index.php?content=medical_experiments">Medical Experiments</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130103232313/http://www.ushmm.org/research/library/bibliography/index.php?content=medical_experiments">Diarsipkan</a> 2013-01-03 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/Holocaust/medtoc.html">Jewish Virtual Library: Medical Experiments Table of Contents</a></li> <li>Campell, Robert. "Citations of shame; scientists are still trading on Nazi atrocities.", <i><a href="/wiki/New_Scientist" title="New Scientist">New Scientist</a></i>, 28 February 1985, 105(1445), p. 31.<a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=11655677&dopt=Abstract">[1]</a><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.medscape.com/medline/abstract/11655677">[2]</a></li> <li>"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.garfield.library.upenn.edu/essays/v14p328y1991.pdf">Citing Nazi 'Research': To Do So Without Condemnation Is Not Defensible</a>"</li> <li>"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091022135700/http://geocities.com/pennpuab/foundations/naziresearch.html">On the Ethics of Citing Nazi Research</a>"</li> <li>"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.garfield.library.upenn.edu/essays/v8p265y1985.pdf">Remembering the Holocaust, Part 2</a>"</li> <li>"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jlaw.com/Articles/NaziMedEx.html">The Ethics Of Using Medical Data From Nazi Experiments</a>"</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r23782733">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18590415"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-lihat"><a href="/wiki/Templat:Holokaus" title="Templat:Holokaus"><abbr title="Lihat templat ini">l</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-bicara"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pembicaraan_Templat:Holokaus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pembicaraan Templat:Holokaus (halaman belum tersedia)"><abbr title="Diskusikan templat ini">b</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-sunting"><a class="external text" href="https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Templat:Holokaus&action=edit"><abbr title="Sunting templat ini">s</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Holokaus" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Holokaus" title="Holokaus">Holokaus</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Berdasarkan wilayah</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Holokaus_di_Albania" title="Holokaus di Albania">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sejarah_Bangsa_Yahudi_di_Austria#Holokaus_di_Austria" class="mw-redirect" title="Sejarah Bangsa Yahudi di Austria">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Holokaus_di_Belarusia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Holokaus di Belarusia (halaman belum tersedia)">Belarusia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Holokaus_di_Belgia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Holokaus di Belgia (halaman belum tersedia)">Belgia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Holokaus_di_Bulgaria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Holokaus di Bulgaria (halaman belum tersedia)">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holokaus_di_Negara_Merdeka_Kroasia" title="Holokaus di Negara Merdeka Kroasia">Kroasia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sejarah_Bangsa_Yahudi_di_Republik_Ceska&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sejarah Bangsa Yahudi di Republik Ceska (halaman belum tersedia)">Republik Ceska</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Penyelamatan_Yahudi_Denmark&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Penyelamatan Yahudi Denmark (halaman belum tersedia)">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Holokaus_di_Estonia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Holokaus di Estonia (halaman belum tersedia)">Estonia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sejarah_Bangsa_Yahudi_di_Finlandia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sejarah Bangsa Yahudi di Finlandia (halaman belum tersedia)">Finlandia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holokaus_di_Prancis" title="Holokaus di Prancis">Prancis</a></li> <li><a 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Holokaus</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Daftar_penyintas_Sobibor&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Daftar penyintas Sobibor (halaman belum tersedia)">Sobibor</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Daftar_korban_dan_penyintas_Auschwitz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Daftar korban dan penyintas Auschwitz (halaman belum tersedia)">Korban dan penyintas Auschwitz</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bibliografi_Holokaus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bibliografi Holokaus (halaman belum tersedia)">Buku dan sumber lain</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Daftar_film-film_Holokaus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Daftar film-film Holokaus (halaman belum tersedia)">Film</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Daftar_desa_dan_kota_yang_dikosongkan_dari_Bangsa_Yahudi_saat_Holokaus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Daftar desa dan kota yang dikosongkan dari Bangsa Yahudi saat Holokaus (halaman belum tersedia)">Wilayah terdampak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daftar_kamp_konsentrasi_Nazi" title="Daftar kamp konsentrasi Nazi">Kamp konsentrasi Nazi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Daftar_ideologi_Nazi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Daftar ideologi Nazi (halaman belum tersedia)">Ideologi Nazi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Daftar_ghetto_Nazi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Daftar ghetto Nazi (halaman belum tersedia)">Ghetto Nazi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Penyelamat_warga_Yahudi_saat_Holokaus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Penyelamat warga Yahudi saat Holokaus (halaman belum tersedia)">Penyelamat</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Garis_waktu_Holokaus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Garis waktu Holokaus (halaman belum tersedia)">Garis waktu</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Garis_waktu_deportasi_Bangsa_Yahudi_di_Prancis_menuju_ke_kamp_kematian&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Garis waktu deportasi Bangsa Yahudi di Prancis menuju ke kamp kematian (halaman belum tersedia)">Prancis</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Garis_waktu_Holokaus_di_Norwegia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Garis waktu Holokaus di Norwegia (halaman belum tersedia)">Norwegia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Garis_waktu_kamp_pemusnahan_Treblinka&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Garis waktu kamp pemusnahan Treblinka (halaman belum tersedia)">Treblinka</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Kamp_dan_ghetto" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Daftar_kamp_konsentrasi_Nazi" title="Daftar kamp konsentrasi Nazi">Kamp</a> dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Daftar_ghetto_Nazi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Daftar ghetto Nazi (halaman belum tersedia)">ghetto</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nazi_concentration_camps&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nazi concentration camps (halaman belum tersedia)">Concentration</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kamp_konsentrasi_Auschwitz" title="Kamp konsentrasi Auschwitz">Kamp konsentrasi Auschwitz</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kamp_konsentrasi_Bergen-Belsen_concentration_camp&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kamp konsentrasi Bergen-Belsen concentration camp (halaman belum tersedia)">Bergen-Belsen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bogdanovka" title="Bogdanovka">Bogdanovka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamp_konsentrasi_Buchenwald" title="Kamp konsentrasi Buchenwald">Buchenwald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamp_konsentrasi_Dachau" title="Kamp konsentrasi Dachau">Dachau</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kamp_konsentrasi_Danica&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kamp konsentrasi Danica (halaman belum tersedia)">Danica</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kamp_konsentrasi_%C4%90akovo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kamp konsentrasi Đakovo (halaman belum tersedia)">Đakovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamp_konsentrasi_Flossenb%C3%BCrg" title="Kamp konsentrasi Flossenbürg">Flossenbürg</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kamp_konsentrasi_Gonars&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kamp konsentrasi Gonars (halaman belum tersedia)">Gonars</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kamp_konsentrasi_Gospi%C4%87&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kamp konsentrasi Gospić (halaman belum tersedia)">Gospić</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamp_konsentrasi_Gross-Rosen" title="Kamp konsentrasi Gross-Rosen">Gross-Rosen</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kamp_konsentrasi_Herzogenbusch&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kamp konsentrasi Herzogenbusch (halaman belum tersedia)">Herzogenbusch</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kamp_konsentrasi_Jadovno&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kamp konsentrasi Jadovno (halaman belum tersedia)">Jadovno</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kamp_konsentrasi_Janowska&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kamp konsentrasi Janowska (halaman belum tersedia)">Janowska</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kamp_konsentrasi_Kaiserwald&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kamp konsentrasi Kaiserwald (halaman belum tersedia)">Kaiserwald</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kamp_konsentrasi_Kaufering&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kamp konsentrasi Kaufering (halaman belum tersedia)">Kaufering</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kamp_konsentrasi_Krak%C3%B3w-P%C5%82asz%C3%B3w&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kamp konsentrasi Kraków-Płaszów (halaman belum tersedia)">Kraków-Płaszów</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kamp_konsentrasi_Kru%C5%A1%C4%8Dica&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kamp konsentrasi Kruščica (halaman belum tersedia)">Kruščica</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kamp_konsentrasi_Lobor&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kamp konsentrasi Lobor (halaman belum tersedia)">Lobor</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kompleks_Kamp_konsentrasi_Mauthausen-Gusen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kompleks Kamp konsentrasi Mauthausen-Gusen (halaman belum tersedia)">Mauthausen-Gusen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamp_konsentrasi_Mittelbau-Dora" title="Kamp konsentrasi Mittelbau-Dora">Mittelbau-Dora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamp_konsentrasi_Neuengamme" title="Kamp konsentrasi Neuengamme">Neuengamme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamp_konsentrasi_Ravensbr%C3%BCck" title="Kamp konsentrasi Ravensbrück">Ravensbrück</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamp_konsentrasi_Sachsenhausen" title="Kamp konsentrasi Sachsenhausen">Sachsenhausen</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kamp_konsentrasi_Salaspils&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kamp konsentrasi Salaspils (halaman belum tersedia)">Salaspils</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kamp_konsentrasi_Sere%C4%8F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kamp konsentrasi Sereď (halaman belum tersedia)">Sereď</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kamp_konsentrasi_anak_Sisak&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kamp konsentrasi anak Sisak (halaman belum tersedia)">Sisak</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kamp_konsentrasi_Stutthof&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kamp konsentrasi Stutthof (halaman belum tersedia)">Stutthof</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kamp_konsentrasi_Tenja&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kamp konsentrasi Tenja (halaman belum tersedia)">Tenja</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kamp_konsentrasi_Topovske_%C5%A0upe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kamp konsentrasi Topovske Šupe (halaman belum tersedia)">Topovske Šupe</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kamp_konsentrasi_Warsawa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kamp konsentrasi Warsawa (halaman belum tersedia)">Warsawa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Kamp_pemusnahan" title="Kamp pemusnahan">Pemusnahan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kamp_konsentrasi_Auschwitz" title="Kamp konsentrasi Auschwitz">Auschwitz II-Birkenau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamp_pemusnahan_Belzec" title="Kamp pemusnahan Belzec">Belzec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamp_pemusnahan_Che%C5%82mno" title="Kamp pemusnahan Chełmno">Chełmno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamp_konsentrasi_Jasenovac" title="Kamp konsentrasi Jasenovac">Jasenovac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamp_konsentrasi_Majdanek" title="Kamp konsentrasi Majdanek">Majdanek</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kamp_pemusnahan_Maly_Trostinets&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kamp pemusnahan Maly Trostinets (halaman belum tersedia)">Maly Trostinets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamp_konsentrasi_Sajmi%C5%A1te" title="Kamp konsentrasi Sajmište">Sajmište</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kamp_konsentrasi_Slana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kamp konsentrasi Slana (halaman belum tersedia)">Slana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamp_pemusnahan_Sobibor" title="Kamp pemusnahan Sobibor">Sobibor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamp_pemusnahan_Treblinka" title="Kamp pemusnahan Treblinka">Treblinka</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Transit</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><span class="smallcaps" style="font-variant:small-caps;">be</span></b></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fort_Breendonk&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fort Breendonk (halaman belum tersedia)">Breendonk</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kamp_transit_Mechelen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kamp transit Mechelen (halaman belum tersedia)">Mechelen</a></li> <li><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kamp_konsentrasi_di_Prancis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kamp konsentrasi di Prancis (halaman belum tersedia)"><span class="smallcaps" style="font-variant:small-caps;">fr</span></a></b></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kamp_pengasingan_Gurs&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kamp pengasingan Gurs (halaman belum tersedia)">Gurs</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kamp_pengasingan_Drancy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kamp pengasingan Drancy (halaman belum tersedia)">Drancy</a></li> <li><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Daftar_kamp_konsentrasi_di_Italia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Daftar kamp konsentrasi di Italia (halaman belum tersedia)"><span class="smallcaps" style="font-variant:small-caps;">it</span></a></b></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kamp_transit_Bolzano&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kamp transit Bolzano (halaman belum tersedia)">Bolzano</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kamp_konsentrasi_Borgo_San_Dalmazzo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kamp konsentrasi Borgo San Dalmazzo (halaman belum tersedia)">Borgo San Dalmazzo</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Risiera_di_San_Sabba&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Risiera di San Sabba (halaman belum tersedia)">Risiera di San Sabba</a></li> <li><b><span class="smallcaps" style="font-variant:small-caps;">nl</span></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamp_konsentrasi_Amersfoort" title="Kamp konsentrasi Amersfoort">Amersfoort</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kamp_Schoorl&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kamp Schoorl (halaman belum tersedia)">Schoorl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamp_transit_Westerbork" title="Kamp transit Westerbork">Westerbork</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Metode</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Einsatzgruppen" title="Einsatzgruppen">Einsatzgruppen</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Van_gas_Nazi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Van gas Nazi (halaman belum tersedia)">Van gas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamar_gas" title="Kamar gas">Kamar gas</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pemusnahan_melalui_kerja_paksa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pemusnahan melalui kerja paksa (halaman belum tersedia)">Pemusnahan melalui kerja paksa</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Eksperimen manusia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Unit Nazi</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/SS-Totenkopfverb%C3%A4nde" title="SS-Totenkopfverbände">SS-<i>Totenkopfverbände</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inspektorat_Kamp_Konsentrasi" title="Inspektorat Kamp Konsentrasi">Inspektorat Kamp Konsentrasi</a></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Politische_Abteilung&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Politische Abteilung (halaman belum tersedia)">Politische Abteilung</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sanit%C3%A4tswesen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sanitätswesen (halaman belum tersedia)">Sanitätswesen</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ghetto_Nazi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ghetto Nazi (halaman belum tersedia)">Ghetto</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#eef;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ghetto_Yahudi_di_wilayah_pendudukan_Jerman_di_Polandia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ghetto Yahudi di wilayah pendudukan Jerman di Polandia (halaman belum tersedia)">Polandia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ghetto_Bia%C5%82ystok" title="Ghetto Białystok">Białystok</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ghetto_Krak%C3%B3w&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ghetto Kraków (halaman belum tersedia)">Kraków</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghetto_%C5%81%C3%B3d%C5%BA" title="Ghetto Łódź">Łódź</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ghetto_Lublin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ghetto Lublin (halaman belum tersedia)">Lublin</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ghetto_Lw%C3%B3w&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ghetto Lwów (halaman belum tersedia)">Lwów</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ghetto_Radom&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ghetto Radom (halaman belum tersedia)">Radom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghetto_Warsawa" title="Ghetto Warsawa">Warsawa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#eef;font-weight:normal;">Di lain tempat</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ghetto_Budapest&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ghetto Budapest (halaman belum tersedia)">Budapest</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ghetto_Kovno&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ghetto Kovno (halaman belum tersedia)">Kovno</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ghetto_Minsk&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ghetto Minsk (halaman belum tersedia)">Minsk</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ghetto_Riga&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ghetto Riga (halaman belum tersedia)">Riga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghetto_Theresienstadt" title="Ghetto Theresienstadt">Theresienstadt</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ghetto_Vilna&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ghetto Vilna (halaman belum tersedia)">Vilna</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#eef;font-weight:normal;"><i><a href="/wiki/Judenrat" title="Judenrat">Judenrat</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Polisi_Ghetto_Yahudi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Polisi Ghetto Yahudi (halaman belum tersedia)">Polisi Ghetto Yahudi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Asosiasi_Reich_terhadap_Bangsa_Yahudi_di_Jerman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Asosiasi Reich terhadap Bangsa Yahudi di Jerman (halaman belum tersedia)">Asosiasi Reich terhadap Bangsa Yahudi di Jerman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%9Astred%C5%88a_%C5%BDidov" title="Ústredňa Židov">Ústredňa Židov</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Korban" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Korban_Holokaus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Korban Holokaus (halaman belum tersedia)">Korban</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sejarah_Bangsa_Yahudi_selama_Perang_Dunia_II&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sejarah Bangsa Yahudi selama Perang Dunia II (halaman belum tersedia)">Yahudi</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pembulatan_(sejarah)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pembulatan (sejarah) (halaman belum tersedia)">Pembulatan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><span class="smallcaps" style="font-variant:small-caps;">fr</span></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Izieu" title="Izieu">Izieu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pembulatan_Marseille&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pembulatan Marseille (halaman belum tersedia)">Marseille</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pembulatan_Vel%27_d%27Hiv&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pembulatan Vel' d'Hiv (halaman belum tersedia)">Vel' d'Hiv</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Pogrom#Selama_Holokaus" title="Pogrom">Pogrom</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Kristallnacht" title="Kristallnacht">Kristallnacht</a></i></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pemberontakan_Legionnaires%27_dan_Pogrom_Bucharest&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pemberontakan Legionnaires' dan Pogrom Bucharest (halaman belum tersedia)">Bucharest</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pogrom_Dorohoi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pogrom Dorohoi (halaman belum tersedia)">Dorohoi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pogrom_Ia%C8%99i&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pogrom Iași (halaman belum tersedia)">Iaşi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pogrom_Jedwabne" title="Pogrom Jedwabne">Jedwabne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pogrom_Kaunas" title="Pogrom Kaunas">Kaunas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pogrom_Lviv_(1941)" title="Pogrom Lviv (1941)">Lviv</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pembantaian_Odessa_1941&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pembantaian Odessa 1941 (halaman belum tersedia)">Odessa</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pembunuhan_massal_di_Tykocin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pembunuhan massal di Tykocin (halaman belum tersedia)">Tykocin</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pogrom_W%C4%85sosz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pogrom Wąsosz (halaman belum tersedia)">Wąsosz</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">"<a href="/w/index.php?title=Solusi_Final&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Solusi Final (halaman belum tersedia)">Solusi Final</a>"</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Konferensi_Wannsee" title="Konferensi Wannsee">Konferensi Wannsee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operasi_Reinhard" title="Operasi Reinhard">Operasi Reinhard</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kerta_api_Holokaus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kerta api Holokaus (halaman belum tersedia)">Kerta api Holokaus</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aktion_Erntefest&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aktion Erntefest (halaman belum tersedia)">Erntefest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamp_pemusnahan" title="Kamp pemusnahan">Kamp-kamp pemusnahan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><i><a href="/wiki/Einsatzgruppen" title="Einsatzgruppen">Einsatzgruppen</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Babi_Yar" title="Babi Yar">Babi Yar</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pembantaian_Kamianets-Podilskyi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pembantaian Kamianets-Podilskyi (halaman belum tersedia)">Kamianets-Podilskyi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Benteng_ke_Sembilan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Benteng ke Sembilan (halaman belum tersedia)">Benteng ke Sembilan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pembantaian_di_Pia%C5%9Bnica&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pembantaian di Piaśnica (halaman belum tersedia)">Piaśnica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pembantaian_Ponary" title="Pembantaian Ponary">Ponary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pembantaian_Rumbula" title="Pembantaian Rumbula">Rumbula</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perlawanan_Bangsa_Yahudi_Jewish_di_wilayah_pendudukan_Jerman_di_Eropa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Perlawanan Bangsa Yahudi Jewish di wilayah pendudukan Jerman di Eropa (halaman belum tersedia)">Perlawanan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Partisan_Yahudi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Partisan Yahudi (halaman belum tersedia)">Partisan Yahudi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perlawanan_di_Ghetto&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Perlawanan di Ghetto (halaman belum tersedia)">Perlawanan di Ghetto</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perlawanan_di_Ghetto_Warsawa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Perlawanan di Ghetto Warsawa (halaman belum tersedia)">Warsaw</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perlawanan_di_Ghetto_Bia%C5%82ystok&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Perlawanan di Ghetto Białystok (halaman belum tersedia)">Białystok</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perlawanan_di_Ghetto_Cz%C4%99stochowa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Perlawanan di Ghetto Częstochowa (halaman belum tersedia)">Częstochowa</a></li></ul></li> <li>"<a href="/w/index.php?title=Seperti_kambing_hendak_disembelih&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Seperti kambing hendak disembelih (halaman belum tersedia)">Seperti kambing hendak disembelih</a>"</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Penyelamat_warga_Yahudi_saat_Holokaus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Penyelamat warga Yahudi saat Holokaus (halaman belum tersedia)">Penyelamat</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Komite_Pertolongan_dan_Penyelamatan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Komite Pertolongan dan Penyelamatan (halaman belum tersedia)">Komite Pertolongan dan Penyelamatan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Partisan_Bielski&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Partisan Bielski (halaman belum tersedia)">Partisan Bielski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le_Chambon-sur-Lignon" title="Le Chambon-sur-Lignon">Le Chambon-sur-Lignon</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Penyelamat_Yahudi_Denmark&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Penyelamat Yahudi Denmark (halaman belum tersedia)">organisasi bawah tanah Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kelompok_Pekerja_(organisasi_perlawanan)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kelompok Pekerja (organisasi perlawanan) (halaman belum tersedia)">Kelompok Pekerja</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C5%BBegota&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Żegota (halaman belum tersedia)">Żegota</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Akhir_Perang_Dunia_II_di_Eropa" title="Akhir Perang Dunia II di Eropa">Akhir Perang Dunia II</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Barisan_maut_(Holokaus)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Barisan maut (Holokaus) (halaman belum tersedia)">Barisan maut</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pembantaian_Wola&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pembantaian Wola (halaman belum tersedia)">Pembantaian Wola</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Korban_Holocaust&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Korban Holocaust (halaman belum tersedia)">Lainnya</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Genosida_Orang_Rumania&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Genosida Orang Rumania (halaman belum tersedia)">Orang Rumania <span style="font-size:90%;">(gipsi)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tindak_kejahatan_Nazi_terhadap_Bangsa_Polandia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tindak kejahatan Nazi terhadap Bangsa Polandia (halaman belum tersedia)">Polandia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perlakuan_tidak_baik_Jerman_kepada_tawanan_perang_Soviet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Perlakuan tidak baik Jerman kepada tawanan perang Soviet (halaman belum tersedia)">Tawanan perang Soviet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Generalplan_Ost" title="Generalplan Ost">Etnis Slavia di Eropa Timur</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Persekusi_terhadap_homoseksual_di_Jerman_Nazi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Persekusi terhadap homoseksual di Jerman Nazi (halaman belum tersedia)">Homoseksual</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aktion_T4" class="mw-redirect" title="Aktion T4">Orang dengan cacat fisik</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Genosida_Orang_Serbia_di_Negara_Merdeka_Kroasia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Genosida Orang Serbia di Negara Merdeka Kroasia (halaman belum tersedia)">Etnis Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Penindasan_terhadap_Freemasonry&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Penindasan terhadap Freemasonry (halaman belum tersedia)">Freemason</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Persekusi_terhadap_Saksi-Saksi_Yehuwa_di_Jerman_Nazi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Persekusi terhadap Saksi-Saksi Yehuwa di Jerman Nazi (halaman belum tersedia)">Saksi-Saksi Yehuwa</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Persekusi_terhadap_Gereja_Katolik_di_Jerman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Persekusi terhadap Gereja Katolik di Jerman (halaman belum tersedia)">Katolik</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Persekusi_terhadap_orang_kulit_hitam_di_Jerman_Nazi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Persekusi terhadap orang kulit hitam di Jerman Nazi (halaman belum tersedia)">Orang kulit hitam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daftar_korban_selamat_Holokaus" class="mw-redirect" title="Daftar korban selamat Holokaus">Korban selamat</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Pertanggung_jawaban" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pertanggung_jawaban_Holokaus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pertanggung jawaban Holokaus (halaman belum tersedia)">Pertanggung jawaban</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organisasi</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Partai_Nazi" class="mw-redirect" title="Partai Nazi">Partai Nazi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schutzstaffel" title="Schutzstaffel"><i>Schutzstaffel</i> (SS)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kantor_Utama_Keamanan_Reich&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kantor Utama Keamanan Reich (halaman belum tersedia)">Kantor Utama Keamanan Reich</a> (RSHA) <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kantor_Pusat_Keamanan_Reich_Wilayah_IV_B4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kantor Pusat Keamanan Reich Wilayah IV B4 (halaman belum tersedia)">Referat IV B4</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sicherheitsdienst" title="Sicherheitsdienst">Sicherheitsdienst</a></i> (SD)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ordnungspolizei" title="Ordnungspolizei">Ordnungspolizei</a></i> (Orpo)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waffen-SS" title="Waffen-SS">Waffen-SS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kejahatan_perang_Wehrmacht" title="Kejahatan perang Wehrmacht">Wehrmacht</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Unit</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Einsatzgruppen" title="Einsatzgruppen">Einsatzgruppen</a></i></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pusat_Resimen_Polisi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pusat Resimen Polisi (halaman belum tersedia)">Police Regiments</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Batalyon_Komando_Polisi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Batalyon Komando Polisi (halaman belum tersedia)">Batalyon Komando Polisi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kolaborasi_dengan_kekuatan_Poros&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kolaborasi dengan kekuatan Poros (halaman belum tersedia)">Kolaborator</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arajs_Kommando&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arajs Kommando (halaman belum tersedia)">Arajs Kommando</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Polisi_Keamanan_Lithuania&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Polisi Keamanan Lithuania (halaman belum tersedia)">Polisi Keamanan Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nederlandsche_SS&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nederlandsche SS (halaman belum tersedia)">Nederlandsche SS</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rollkommando_Hamann&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rollkommando Hamann (halaman belum tersedia)">Rollkommando Hamann</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brigade_Khusus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Brigade Khusus (halaman belum tersedia)">Brigade Khusus</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Topf_and_Sons&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Topf and Sons (halaman belum tersedia)">Topf and Sons</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kamp_konsentrasi_Trawniki&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kamp konsentrasi Trawniki (halaman belum tersedia)">Trawnikis</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Polisi_Bantuan_Ukraina&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Polisi Bantuan Ukraina (halaman belum tersedia)">Polisi Bantuan Ukraina</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ypatingasis_b%C5%ABrys&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ypatingasis būrys (halaman belum tersedia)">Ypatingasis būrys</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Tokoh</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Daftar_pelaku_utama_Holokaus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Daftar pelaku utama Holokaus (halaman belum tersedia)">Pelaku utama</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Daftar_ideologi_Nazi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Daftar ideologi Nazi (halaman belum tersedia)">ideologi Nazi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Elemen_awalAkibatPeringatan" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><div class="hlist"><ul><li>Elemen awal</li><li>Akibat</li><li>Peringatan</li></ul></div></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.5em">Elemen awal</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kebijakan_rasial_di_Jerman_Nazi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kebijakan rasial di Jerman Nazi (halaman belum tersedia)">Kebijakan rasial Nazi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eugenika_Nazi" title="Eugenika Nazi">Eugenika Nazi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hukum_Nuremberg" class="mw-redirect" title="Hukum Nuremberg">Hukum Nuremberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perjanjian_Haavara" title="Perjanjian Haavara">Perjanjian Haavara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rencana_Madagaskar" title="Rencana Madagaskar">Rencana Madagaskar</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rencana_Nisko&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rencana Nisko (halaman belum tersedia)">Rencana Nisko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aktion_T4" class="mw-redirect" title="Aktion T4">Suntik mati paksa <span style="font-size:90%;">(Aksi T4)</span></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.5em"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Akibat_Holokaus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Akibat Holokaus (halaman belum tersedia)">Akibat</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Penyintas_Holokaus" title="Penyintas Holokaus">Penyintas Holokaus</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sh%27erit_ha-Pletah" title="Sh'erit ha-Pletah">Sh'erit ha-Pletah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bricha" title="Bricha">Bricha</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Penyakit_penyintas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Penyakit penyintas (halaman belum tersedia)">Penyakit penyintas</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antisemitisme_sekunder" title="Antisemitisme sekunder">Antisemitisme sekunder</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kekerasan_Anti-Yahudi_di_Eropa_Tengah_dan_Timur_1944%E2%80%9346&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kekerasan Anti-Yahudi di Eropa Tengah dan Timur 1944–46 (halaman belum tersedia)">Kekerasan pasca perangPostwar violence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proses_N%C3%BCrnberg" class="mw-redirect" title="Proses Nürnberg">Proses Nürnberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denazifikasi" title="Denazifikasi">Denazifikasi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Persetujuan_Perbaikan_Hubungan_antara_Israel_dan_Jerman_Barat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Persetujuan Perbaikan Hubungan antara Israel dan Jerman Barat (halaman belum tersedia)">Perbaikan hubungan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penyangkalan_Holokaus" title="Penyangkalan Holokaus">Penyangkalan Holokaus</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Peremehan_Holokaus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Peremehan Holokaus (halaman belum tersedia)">Peremehan</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.5em">Peringatan</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hari_Peringatan_Holokaus" title="Hari Peringatan Holokaus">Hari Peringatan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Daftar_museum_dan_memorial_Holokaus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Daftar museum dan memorial Holokaus (halaman belum tersedia)">Museum dan memorial</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Studi_Holokaus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Studi Holokaus (halaman belum tersedia)">Akademis</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orang_Baik_dari_Berbagai_Bangsa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Orang Baik dari Berbagai Bangsa (halaman belum tersedia)">Orang Baik dari Berbagai Bangsa</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Buku-buku_Yizkor&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Buku-buku Yizkor (halaman belum tersedia)">Buku-buku Yizkor</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Diperoleh dari "<a dir="ltr" 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