CINXE.COM
Negotiating borders: The crucial role of brokerage in transnational (im)mobilities | Noel B. Salazar - Academia.edu
<!DOCTYPE html> <html > <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/open_search.xml" title="Academia.edu"> <meta content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1" name="viewport"> <meta name="google-site-verification" content="bKJMBZA7E43xhDOopFZkssMMkBRjvYERV-NaN4R6mrs"> <meta name="csrf-param" content="authenticity_token" /> <meta name="csrf-token" content="xvp2iz1VCNTpBQBaGEdfXc9ntDikR2jnGhR84DroMX1RLycykHo72GGW5pJQgfG5RKja7aLSO/vug2xzVkAGRA==" /> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary" /> <meta name="twitter:url" content="https://www.academia.edu/28307088/Negotiating_borders_The_crucial_role_of_brokerage_in_transnational_im_mobilities" /> <meta name="twitter:title" content="Negotiating borders: The crucial role of brokerage in transnational (im)mobilities" /> <meta name="twitter:description" content="The broker, a classic figure in the social sciences, largely vanished from view in the late 1970s before re-emerging in the new millennium, among others as an exemplary analytical lens for critical scholarship concerned with the crossing of physical" /> <meta name="twitter:image" content="https://0.academia-photos.com/2278/1070/2904670/s200_noel_b..salazar.jpg" /> <meta property="fb:app_id" content="2369844204" /> <meta property="og:type" content="article" /> <meta property="og:url" content="https://www.academia.edu/28307088/Negotiating_borders_The_crucial_role_of_brokerage_in_transnational_im_mobilities" /> <meta property="og:title" content="Negotiating borders: The crucial role of brokerage in transnational (im)mobilities" /> <meta property="og:image" content="http://a.academia-assets.com/images/open-graph-icons/fb-paper.gif" /> <meta property="og:description" content="The broker, a classic figure in the social sciences, largely vanished from view in the late 1970s before re-emerging in the new millennium, among others as an exemplary analytical lens for critical scholarship concerned with the crossing of physical" /> <meta property="article:author" content="https://kuleuven.academia.edu/NoelBSalazar" /> <meta name="description" content="The broker, a classic figure in the social sciences, largely vanished from view in the late 1970s before re-emerging in the new millennium, among others as an exemplary analytical lens for critical scholarship concerned with the crossing of physical" /> <meta name="robots" content="noindex" /> <title>Negotiating borders: The crucial role of brokerage in transnational (im)mobilities | Noel B. Salazar - Academia.edu</title> <link rel="canonical" href="https://www.academia.edu/28307088/Negotiating_borders_The_crucial_role_of_brokerage_in_transnational_im_mobilities" /> <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-5VKX33P2DS"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-5VKX33P2DS', { cookie_domain: 'academia.edu', send_page_view: false, }); gtag('event', 'page_view', { 'controller': "single_work", 'action': "show", 'controller_action': 'single_work#show', 'logged_in': 'false', 'edge': 'unknown', // Send nil if there is no A/B test bucket, in case some records get logged // with missing data - that way we can distinguish between the two cases. // ab_test_bucket should be of the form <ab_test_name>:<bucket> 'ab_test_bucket': null, }) </script> <script> var $controller_name = 'single_work'; var $action_name = "show"; var $rails_env = 'production'; var $app_rev = '9387f500ddcbb8d05c67bef28a2fe0334f1aafb8'; var $domain = 'academia.edu'; var $app_host = "academia.edu"; var $asset_host = "academia-assets.com"; var $start_time = new Date().getTime(); var $recaptcha_key = "6LdxlRMTAAAAADnu_zyLhLg0YF9uACwz78shpjJB"; var $recaptcha_invisible_key = "6Lf3KHUUAAAAACggoMpmGJdQDtiyrjVlvGJ6BbAj"; var $disableClientRecordHit = false; </script> <script> window.require = { config: function() { return function() {} } } </script> <script> window.Aedu = window.Aedu || {}; window.Aedu.hit_data = null; window.Aedu.serverRenderTime = new Date(1732981639000); window.Aedu.timeDifference = new Date().getTime() - 1732981639000; </script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"ScholarlyArticle","abstract":"The broker, a classic figure in the social sciences, largely vanished from view in the late 1970s before re-emerging in the new millennium, among others as an exemplary analytical lens for critical scholarship concerned with the crossing of physical borders as well as socio-culturally constructed boundaries. The study of transnational mobility brokers (in the context of migration, tourism and the like) offers us many insights into the intricate mechanisms of border crossings, hereby illuminating broader contexts and processes. Even if the ability to move freely across borders is spread very unevenly within countries and across the globe, virtually everybody who is on the move transnationally relies, in one way or the other, on border-crossing broker services (whether seen as formal or informal, legal or illegal). The effects of cross-border brokerage practices are multiple and multifaceted (and by no means necessarily beneficial to those involved). In many cases, new boundaries are constructed even as borders are crossed. Importantly, cross-border brokers gain (often financially but also in terms of other personal advantages) from the mediation of something that they do not directly control themselves. In their role, they often come up against internal contradictions. Uneasy cultural identification or insecure social group membership appear to be highly instrumental to the mobility and innovative behaviour essential to the broker role. In this talk, I illustrate how in-depth ethnographic engagements with transnational mobility brokerage allow grand theoretical narratives about borders and boundaries to be put to the empirical test.","author":[{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"Person","name":"Noel B. Salazar"}],"contributor":[],"dateCreated":"2016-09-07","dateModified":"2016-09-07","datePublished":null,"headline":"Negotiating borders: The crucial role of brokerage in transnational (im)mobilities","inLanguage":"en","keywords":["ANTHROMOB"],"locationCreated":"University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland","publication":null,"publisher":{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"Organization","name":null},"image":null,"thumbnailUrl":null,"url":"https://www.academia.edu/28307088/Negotiating_borders_The_crucial_role_of_brokerage_in_transnational_im_mobilities","sourceOrganization":[{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"EducationalOrganization","name":"kuleuven"}]}</script><link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/single_work_page/loswp-102fa537001ba4d8dcd921ad9bd56c474abc201906ea4843e7e7efe9dfbf561d.css" /><link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/design_system/body-8d679e925718b5e8e4b18e9a4fab37f7eaa99e43386459376559080ac8f2856a.css" /><link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/design_system/heading-b2b823dd904da60a48fd1bfa1defd840610c2ff414d3f39ed3af46277ab8df3b.css" /><link crossorigin="" href="https://fonts.gstatic.com/" rel="preconnect" /><link href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=DM+Sans:ital,opsz,wght@0,9..40,100..1000;1,9..40,100..1000&family=Gupter:wght@400;500;700&family=IBM+Plex+Mono:wght@300;400&family=Material+Symbols+Outlined:opsz,wght,FILL,GRAD@20,400,0,0&display=swap" rel="stylesheet" /><link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/design_system/common-10fa40af19d25203774df2d4a03b9b5771b45109c2304968038e88a81d1215c5.css" /> </head> <body> <div id='react-modal'></div> <div class="js-upgrade-ie-banner" style="display: none; text-align: center; padding: 8px 0; background-color: #ebe480;"><p style="color: #000; font-size: 12px; margin: 0 0 4px;">Academia.edu no longer supports Internet Explorer.</p><p style="color: #000; font-size: 12px; margin: 0;">To browse Academia.edu and the wider internet faster and more securely, please take a few seconds to <a href="https://www.academia.edu/upgrade-browser">upgrade your browser</a>.</p></div><script>// Show this banner for all versions of IE if (!!window.MSInputMethodContext || /(MSIE)/.test(navigator.userAgent)) { document.querySelector('.js-upgrade-ie-banner').style.display = 'block'; }</script> <div class="bootstrap login"><div class="modal fade login-modal" id="login-modal"><div class="login-modal-dialog modal-dialog"><div class="modal-content"><div class="modal-header"><button class="close close" data-dismiss="modal" type="button"><span aria-hidden="true">×</span><span class="sr-only">Close</span></button><h4 class="modal-title text-center"><strong>Log In</strong></h4></div><div class="modal-body"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-10 col-xs-offset-1"><button class="btn btn-fb btn-lg btn-block btn-v-center-content" id="login-facebook-oauth-button"><svg style="float: left; width: 19px; line-height: 1em; margin-right: .3em;" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fab" data-icon="facebook-square" class="svg-inline--fa fa-facebook-square fa-w-14" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M400 32H48A48 48 0 0 0 0 80v352a48 48 0 0 0 48 48h137.25V327.69h-63V256h63v-54.64c0-62.15 37-96.48 93.67-96.48 27.14 0 55.52 4.84 55.52 4.84v61h-31.27c-30.81 0-40.42 19.12-40.42 38.73V256h68.78l-11 71.69h-57.78V480H400a48 48 0 0 0 48-48V80a48 48 0 0 0-48-48z"></path></svg><small><strong>Log in</strong> with <strong>Facebook</strong></small></button><br /><button class="btn btn-google btn-lg btn-block btn-v-center-content" id="login-google-oauth-button"><svg style="float: left; width: 22px; line-height: 1em; margin-right: .3em;" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fab" data-icon="google-plus" class="svg-inline--fa fa-google-plus fa-w-16" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M256,8C119.1,8,8,119.1,8,256S119.1,504,256,504,504,392.9,504,256,392.9,8,256,8ZM185.3,380a124,124,0,0,1,0-248c31.3,0,60.1,11,83,32.3l-33.6,32.6c-13.2-12.9-31.3-19.1-49.4-19.1-42.9,0-77.2,35.5-77.2,78.1S142.3,334,185.3,334c32.6,0,64.9-19.1,70.1-53.3H185.3V238.1H302.2a109.2,109.2,0,0,1,1.9,20.7c0,70.8-47.5,121.2-118.8,121.2ZM415.5,273.8v35.5H380V273.8H344.5V238.3H380V202.8h35.5v35.5h35.2v35.5Z"></path></svg><small><strong>Log in</strong> with <strong>Google</strong></small></button><br /><style type="text/css">.sign-in-with-apple-button { width: 100%; height: 52px; border-radius: 3px; border: 1px solid black; cursor: pointer; }</style><script src="https://appleid.cdn-apple.com/appleauth/static/jsapi/appleid/1/en_US/appleid.auth.js" type="text/javascript"></script><div class="sign-in-with-apple-button" data-border="false" data-color="white" id="appleid-signin"><span ="Sign Up with Apple" class="u-fs11"></span></div><script>AppleID.auth.init({ clientId: 'edu.academia.applesignon', scope: 'name email', redirectURI: 'https://www.academia.edu/sessions', state: "3c53cd95bd10208aa51f0d6f97144490bdc201b03a786d72e8cd83867b3a7415", });</script><script>// Hacky way of checking if on fast loswp if (window.loswp == null) { (function() { const Google = window?.Aedu?.Auth?.OauthButton?.Login?.Google; const Facebook = window?.Aedu?.Auth?.OauthButton?.Login?.Facebook; if (Google) { new Google({ el: '#login-google-oauth-button', rememberMeCheckboxId: 'remember_me', track: null }); } if (Facebook) { new Facebook({ el: '#login-facebook-oauth-button', rememberMeCheckboxId: 'remember_me', track: null }); } })(); }</script></div></div></div><div class="modal-body"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-10 col-xs-offset-1"><div class="hr-heading login-hr-heading"><span class="hr-heading-text">or</span></div></div></div></div><div class="modal-body"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-10 col-xs-offset-1"><form class="js-login-form" action="https://www.academia.edu/sessions" accept-charset="UTF-8" method="post"><input name="utf8" type="hidden" value="✓" autocomplete="off" /><input type="hidden" name="authenticity_token" value="QEgKrjE9LYlBPXMKhr0PduIMzC9EsWfSUUxcxLYWtrzXnVsXnBIehcmulcLOe6GSacOi+kIkNM6l20xX2r6BhQ==" autocomplete="off" /><div class="form-group"><label class="control-label" for="login-modal-email-input" style="font-size: 14px;">Email</label><input class="form-control" id="login-modal-email-input" name="login" type="email" /></div><div class="form-group"><label class="control-label" for="login-modal-password-input" style="font-size: 14px;">Password</label><input class="form-control" id="login-modal-password-input" name="password" type="password" /></div><input type="hidden" name="post_login_redirect_url" id="post_login_redirect_url" value="https://www.academia.edu/28307088/Negotiating_borders_The_crucial_role_of_brokerage_in_transnational_im_mobilities" autocomplete="off" /><div class="checkbox"><label><input type="checkbox" name="remember_me" id="remember_me" value="1" checked="checked" /><small style="font-size: 12px; margin-top: 2px; display: inline-block;">Remember me on this computer</small></label></div><br><input type="submit" name="commit" value="Log In" class="btn btn-primary btn-block btn-lg js-login-submit" data-disable-with="Log In" /></br></form><script>typeof window?.Aedu?.recaptchaManagedForm === 'function' && window.Aedu.recaptchaManagedForm( document.querySelector('.js-login-form'), document.querySelector('.js-login-submit') );</script><small style="font-size: 12px;"><br />or <a data-target="#login-modal-reset-password-container" data-toggle="collapse" href="javascript:void(0)">reset password</a></small><div class="collapse" id="login-modal-reset-password-container"><br /><div class="well margin-0x"><form class="js-password-reset-form" action="https://www.academia.edu/reset_password" accept-charset="UTF-8" method="post"><input name="utf8" type="hidden" value="✓" autocomplete="off" /><input type="hidden" name="authenticity_token" value="woJeydR4YV2qCQXcjKfT24V7xFtbVdmXOcjVgFfdsBBVVw9weVdSUSKa4xTEYX0/DrSqjl3AiovNX8UTO3WHKQ==" autocomplete="off" /><p>Enter the email address you signed up with and we'll email you a reset link.</p><div class="form-group"><input class="form-control" name="email" type="email" /></div><input class="btn btn-primary btn-block g-recaptcha js-password-reset-submit" data-sitekey="6Lf3KHUUAAAAACggoMpmGJdQDtiyrjVlvGJ6BbAj" type="submit" value="Email me a link" /></form></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/collapse-45805421cf446ca5adf7aaa1935b08a3a8d1d9a6cc5d91a62a2a3a00b20b3e6a.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb $("#login-modal-reset-password-container").on("shown.bs.collapse", function() { $(this).find("input[type=email]").focus(); }); }); </script> </div></div></div><div class="modal-footer"><div class="text-center"><small style="font-size: 12px;">Need an account? <a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/signup">Click here to sign up</a></small></div></div></div></div></div></div><script>// If we are on subdomain or non-bootstrapped page, redirect to login page instead of showing modal (function(){ if (typeof $ === 'undefined') return; var host = window.location.hostname; if ((host === $domain || host === "www."+$domain) && (typeof $().modal === 'function')) { $("#nav_log_in").click(function(e) { // Don't follow the link and open the modal e.preventDefault(); $("#login-modal").on('shown.bs.modal', function() { $(this).find("#login-modal-email-input").focus() }).modal('show'); }); } })()</script> <div id="fb-root"></div><script>window.fbAsyncInit = function() { FB.init({ appId: "2369844204", version: "v8.0", status: true, cookie: true, xfbml: true }); // Additional initialization code. if (window.InitFacebook) { // facebook.ts already loaded, set it up. window.InitFacebook(); } else { // Set a flag for facebook.ts to find when it loads. window.academiaAuthReadyFacebook = true; } };</script> <div id="google-root"></div><script>window.loadGoogle = function() { if (window.InitGoogle) { // google.ts already loaded, set it up. window.InitGoogle("331998490334-rsn3chp12mbkiqhl6e7lu2q0mlbu0f1b"); } else { // Set a flag for google.ts to use when it loads. window.GoogleClientID = "331998490334-rsn3chp12mbkiqhl6e7lu2q0mlbu0f1b"; } };</script> <div class="header--container" id="main-header-container"><div class="header--inner-container header--inner-container-ds2"><div class="header-ds2--left-wrapper"><div class="header-ds2--left-wrapper-inner"><a data-main-header-link-target="logo_home" href="https://www.academia.edu/"><img class="hide-on-desktop-redesign" style="height: 24px; width: 24px;" alt="Academia.edu" src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/academia-logo-redesign-2015-A.svg" width="24" height="24" /><img width="145.2" height="18" class="hide-on-mobile-redesign" style="height: 24px;" alt="Academia.edu" src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/academia-logo-redesign-2015.svg" /></a><div class="header--search-container header--search-container-ds2"><form class="js-SiteSearch-form select2-no-default-pills" action="https://www.academia.edu/search" accept-charset="UTF-8" method="get"><input name="utf8" type="hidden" value="✓" autocomplete="off" /><svg style="width: 14px; height: 14px;" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="search" class="header--search-icon svg-inline--fa fa-search fa-w-16" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M505 442.7L405.3 343c-4.5-4.5-10.6-7-17-7H372c27.6-35.3 44-79.7 44-128C416 93.1 322.9 0 208 0S0 93.1 0 208s93.1 208 208 208c48.3 0 92.7-16.4 128-44v16.3c0 6.4 2.5 12.5 7 17l99.7 99.7c9.4 9.4 24.6 9.4 33.9 0l28.3-28.3c9.4-9.4 9.4-24.6.1-34zM208 336c-70.7 0-128-57.2-128-128 0-70.7 57.2-128 128-128 70.7 0 128 57.2 128 128 0 70.7-57.2 128-128 128z"></path></svg><input class="header--search-input header--search-input-ds2 js-SiteSearch-form-input" data-main-header-click-target="search_input" name="q" placeholder="Search" type="text" /></form></div></div></div><nav class="header--nav-buttons header--nav-buttons-ds2 js-main-nav"><a class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-header-login-url header-button-ds2 header-login-ds2 hide-on-mobile-redesign" href="https://www.academia.edu/login" rel="nofollow">Log In</a><a class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary header-button-ds2 hide-on-mobile-redesign" href="https://www.academia.edu/signup" rel="nofollow">Sign Up</a><button class="header--hamburger-button header--hamburger-button-ds2 hide-on-desktop-redesign js-header-hamburger-button"><div class="icon-bar"></div><div class="icon-bar" style="margin-top: 4px;"></div><div class="icon-bar" style="margin-top: 4px;"></div></button></nav></div><ul class="header--dropdown-container js-header-dropdown"><li class="header--dropdown-row"><a class="header--dropdown-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/login" rel="nofollow">Log In</a></li><li class="header--dropdown-row"><a class="header--dropdown-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/signup" rel="nofollow">Sign Up</a></li><li class="header--dropdown-row js-header-dropdown-expand-button"><button class="header--dropdown-button">more<svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="caret-down" class="header--dropdown-button-icon svg-inline--fa fa-caret-down fa-w-10" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 320 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M31.3 192h257.3c17.8 0 26.7 21.5 14.1 34.1L174.1 354.8c-7.8 7.8-20.5 7.8-28.3 0L17.2 226.1C4.6 213.5 13.5 192 31.3 192z"></path></svg></button></li><li><ul class="header--expanded-dropdown-container"><li class="header--dropdown-row"><a class="header--dropdown-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/about">About</a></li><li class="header--dropdown-row"><a class="header--dropdown-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/press">Press</a></li><li class="header--dropdown-row"><a class="header--dropdown-link" href="https://medium.com/@academia">Blog</a></li><li class="header--dropdown-row"><a class="header--dropdown-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/documents">Papers</a></li><li class="header--dropdown-row"><a class="header--dropdown-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/terms">Terms</a></li><li class="header--dropdown-row"><a class="header--dropdown-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/privacy">Privacy</a></li><li class="header--dropdown-row"><a class="header--dropdown-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/copyright">Copyright</a></li><li class="header--dropdown-row"><a class="header--dropdown-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/hiring"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="briefcase" class="header--dropdown-row-icon svg-inline--fa fa-briefcase fa-w-16" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M320 336c0 8.84-7.16 16-16 16h-96c-8.84 0-16-7.16-16-16v-48H0v144c0 25.6 22.4 48 48 48h416c25.6 0 48-22.4 48-48V288H320v48zm144-208h-80V80c0-25.6-22.4-48-48-48H176c-25.6 0-48 22.4-48 48v48H48c-25.6 0-48 22.4-48 48v80h512v-80c0-25.6-22.4-48-48-48zm-144 0H192V96h128v32z"></path></svg>We're Hiring!</a></li><li class="header--dropdown-row"><a class="header--dropdown-link" href="https://support.academia.edu/"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="question-circle" class="header--dropdown-row-icon svg-inline--fa fa-question-circle fa-w-16" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M504 256c0 136.997-111.043 248-248 248S8 392.997 8 256C8 119.083 119.043 8 256 8s248 111.083 248 248zM262.655 90c-54.497 0-89.255 22.957-116.549 63.758-3.536 5.286-2.353 12.415 2.715 16.258l34.699 26.31c5.205 3.947 12.621 3.008 16.665-2.122 17.864-22.658 30.113-35.797 57.303-35.797 20.429 0 45.698 13.148 45.698 32.958 0 14.976-12.363 22.667-32.534 33.976C247.128 238.528 216 254.941 216 296v4c0 6.627 5.373 12 12 12h56c6.627 0 12-5.373 12-12v-1.333c0-28.462 83.186-29.647 83.186-106.667 0-58.002-60.165-102-116.531-102zM256 338c-25.365 0-46 20.635-46 46 0 25.364 20.635 46 46 46s46-20.636 46-46c0-25.365-20.635-46-46-46z"></path></svg>Help Center</a></li><li class="header--dropdown-row js-header-dropdown-collapse-button"><button class="header--dropdown-button">less<svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="caret-up" class="header--dropdown-button-icon svg-inline--fa fa-caret-up fa-w-10" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 320 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M288.662 352H31.338c-17.818 0-26.741-21.543-14.142-34.142l128.662-128.662c7.81-7.81 20.474-7.81 28.284 0l128.662 128.662c12.6 12.599 3.676 34.142-14.142 34.142z"></path></svg></button></li></ul></li></ul></div> <script src="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/webpack_bundles/fast_loswp-bundle-86832e264efa375cdd3fa5979579c95643bf6a5c1b20c95ec7a98005fcb4b9a4.js" defer="defer"></script><script>window.loswp = {}; window.loswp.author = 2278; window.loswp.bulkDownloadFilterCounts = {}; window.loswp.hasDownloadableAttachment = false; window.loswp.hasViewableAttachments = false; // TODO: just use routes for this window.loswp.loginUrl = "https://www.academia.edu/login?post_login_redirect_url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F28307088%2FNegotiating_borders_The_crucial_role_of_brokerage_in_transnational_im_mobilities%3Fauto%3Ddownload"; window.loswp.translateUrl = "https://www.academia.edu/login?post_login_redirect_url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F28307088%2FNegotiating_borders_The_crucial_role_of_brokerage_in_transnational_im_mobilities%3Fshow_translation%3Dtrue"; window.loswp.previewableAttachments = []; window.loswp.shouldDetectTimezone = true; window.loswp.shouldShowBulkDownload = true; window.loswp.showSignupCaptcha = false window.loswp.willEdgeCache = false; window.loswp.work = {"work":{"id":28307088,"created_at":"2016-09-07T03:41:42.278-07:00","from_world_paper_id":null,"updated_at":"2021-01-14T21:54:57.278-08:00","_data":{"abstract":"The broker, a classic figure in the social sciences, largely vanished from view in the late 1970s before re-emerging in the new millennium, among others as an exemplary analytical lens for critical scholarship concerned with the crossing of physical borders as well as socio-culturally constructed boundaries. The study of transnational mobility brokers (in the context of migration, tourism and the like) offers us many insights into the intricate mechanisms of border crossings, hereby illuminating broader contexts and processes. Even if the ability to move freely across borders is spread very unevenly within countries and across the globe, virtually everybody who is on the move transnationally relies, in one way or the other, on border-crossing broker services (whether seen as formal or informal, legal or illegal). The effects of cross-border brokerage practices are multiple and multifaceted (and by no means necessarily beneficial to those involved). In many cases, new boundaries are constructed even as borders are crossed. Importantly, cross-border brokers gain (often financially but also in terms of other personal advantages) from the mediation of something that they do not directly control themselves. In their role, they often come up against internal contradictions. Uneasy cultural identification or insecure social group membership appear to be highly instrumental to the mobility and innovative behaviour essential to the broker role. In this talk, I illustrate how in-depth ethnographic engagements with transnational mobility brokerage allow grand theoretical narratives about borders and boundaries to be put to the empirical test.","location":"University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland","more_info":"Borderless worlds - for whom? Ethics, moralities and (in)justice in migration and tourism ","event_date":null,"organization":"RELATE Centre of Excellence","publication_date":null,"conference_end_date":"2016,9,8","conference_start_date":"2016,9,7"},"document_type":"other","pre_hit_view_count_baseline":null,"quality":"low","language":"en","title":"Negotiating borders: The crucial role of brokerage in transnational (im)mobilities","broadcastable":false,"draft":null,"has_indexable_attachment":false,"indexable":true}}["work"]; window.loswp.workCoauthors = [2278]; window.loswp.locale = "en"; window.loswp.countryCode = "SG"; window.loswp.cwvAbTestBucket = ""; window.loswp.designVariant = "grid"; window.loswp.fullPageMobileSutdModalVariant = "full_page_mobile_sutd_modal"; window.loswp.useOptimizedScribd4genScript = false; window.loswp.appleClientId = 'edu.academia.applesignon';</script><script defer="" src="https://accounts.google.com/gsi/client"></script><div class="loswp-grid--container"><div data-auto_select="false" data-client_id="331998490334-rsn3chp12mbkiqhl6e7lu2q0mlbu0f1b" data-landing_url="https://www.academia.edu/28307088/Negotiating_borders_The_crucial_role_of_brokerage_in_transnational_im_mobilities" data-login_uri="https://www.academia.edu/registrations/google_one_tap" data-moment_callback="onGoogleOneTapEvent" id="g_id_onload"></div><div class="above-fold js-swp-splash-above-fold"><div class="work-card--container js-swp-control-work-card" data-entity-id="28307088"><div class="work-cover--wrapper"><div class="work-cover--container"><div class="work-cover--no-attachment-container js-swp-splash-paper-cover"><div class="work-cover--file-icon-wrapper"><img alt="paper cover icon" src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/single_work_splash/adobe.icon.svg" /></div><div class="work-cover--title js-swp-splash-paper-cover-page-title">Negotiating borders: The crucial role of brokerage in transnational (im)mobilities</div><br /><div style="margin-top: 170px"><button class="work-cover--request-pdf-button js-request-pdf-button"><svg style="width: 14px; margin-right: 8px;" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="envelope" class="svg-inline--fa fa-envelope fa-w-16" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M502.3 190.8c3.9-3.1 9.7-.2 9.7 4.7V400c0 26.5-21.5 48-48 48H48c-26.5 0-48-21.5-48-48V195.6c0-5 5.7-7.8 9.7-4.7 22.4 17.4 52.1 39.5 154.1 113.6 21.1 15.4 56.7 47.8 92.2 47.6 35.7.3 72-32.8 92.3-47.6 102-74.1 131.6-96.3 154-113.7zM256 320c23.2.4 56.6-29.2 73.4-41.4 132.7-96.3 142.8-104.7 173.4-128.7 5.8-4.5 9.2-11.5 9.2-18.9v-19c0-26.5-21.5-48-48-48H48C21.5 64 0 85.5 0 112v19c0 7.4 3.4 14.3 9.2 18.9 30.6 23.9 40.7 32.4 173.4 128.7 16.8 12.2 50.2 41.8 73.4 41.4z"></path></svg>Request PDF</button></div></div></div></div><div class="work-card--content"><h1 class="work-card--title">Negotiating borders: The crucial role of brokerage in transnational (im)mobilities</h1><a class="js-profile-link work-card--single-author" data-has-card-for-user="2278" href="https://kuleuven.academia.edu/NoelBSalazar?swp=tc-au-28307088"><div class="work-card--single-author-photo"><img class="Avatar--circle s65 Avatar--circle s65 Avatar--xxxs" alt="Noel B. Salazar" shape="circle" border="0" onerror="if (this.src != '//a.academia-assets.com/images/s65_no_pic.png') this.src = '//a.academia-assets.com/images/s65_no_pic.png';" width="65" height="65" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/2278/1070/2904670/s65_noel_b..salazar.jpg" /></div><div class="work-card--author-name-wrapper" style="max-width: 125px; font-weight: 500; color: #4b4b4b;"><div class="u-textTruncate"><span itemprop="author">Noel B. Salazar</span></div></div></a><script data-card-contents-for-user="2278" type="text/json">{"id":2278,"first_name":"Noel B.","middle_initials":"","last_name":"Salazar","page_name":"NoelBSalazar","domain_name":"kuleuven","created_at":"2008-09-01T05:22:45.117-07:00","display_name":"Noel B. Salazar","url":"https://kuleuven.academia.edu/NoelBSalazar","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2278/1070/2904670/s65_noel_b..salazar.jpg","has_photo":true,"department":{"id":626989,"name":"Social and Cultural Anthropology","url":"https://kuleuven.academia.edu/Departments/Social_and_Cultural_Anthropology/Documents","university":{"id":17376,"name":"KU Leuven","url":"https://kuleuven.academia.edu/"}},"position":"Faculty Member","position_id":1,"interests":[{"id":1439,"name":"Globalization","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Globalization"},{"id":13530,"name":"Chile","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chile"},{"id":14106,"name":"Tanzanian Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tanzanian_Studies"},{"id":5505,"name":"Dark Tourism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dark_Tourism"},{"id":5420,"name":"Anthropology of space","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anthropology_of_space"},{"id":3148,"name":"Actor Network Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Actor_Network_Theory"},{"id":1200,"name":"Languages and Linguistics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Languages_and_Linguistics"},{"id":2852,"name":"Narrative","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Narrative"},{"id":8475,"name":"Narrative Methods","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Narrative_Methods"},{"id":11834,"name":"Language and Culture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Language_and_Culture"},{"id":15922,"name":"Language and Migration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Language_and_Migration"},{"id":17703,"name":"Interactional Sociolinguistics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Interactional_Sociolinguistics"},{"id":5539,"name":"Language and Ideology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Language_and_Ideology"},{"id":13197,"name":"Language and Identity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Language_and_Identity"},{"id":19370,"name":"Transnationalism and multiple identities","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Transnationalism_and_multiple_identities"},{"id":16622,"name":"Contemporary International Migration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contemporary_International_Migration"},{"id":22623,"name":"Geography of Mobility and Migrations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geography_of_Mobility_and_Migrations"},{"id":16472,"name":"Transnational migration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Transnational_migration"},{"id":4027,"name":"Anthropological Linguistics (Languages And Linguistics)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anthropological_Linguistics_Languages_And_Linguistics_"},{"id":17140,"name":"Symbolic Anthropology (Anthropology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Symbolic_Anthropology_Anthropology_"},{"id":16106,"name":"Anthropology of Development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anthropology_of_Development"},{"id":2817,"name":"Border Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Border_Studies"},{"id":5755,"name":"Development anthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Development_anthropology"},{"id":6844,"name":"History of Tourism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Tourism"},{"id":1237,"name":"Social Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Sciences"},{"id":1230,"name":"Social Research Methods and Methodology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Research_Methods_and_Methodology"},{"id":1082,"name":"Travel Writing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Travel_Writing"},{"id":938,"name":"Critical Discourse Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Critical_Discourse_Studies"},{"id":909,"name":"Tourism Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tourism_Studies"},{"id":261,"name":"Geography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geography"},{"id":7862,"name":"Cultures and heritage tourism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultures_and_heritage_tourism"},{"id":14499,"name":"Tourism History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tourism_History"},{"id":378,"name":"Area Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Area_Studies"},{"id":767,"name":"Anthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anthropology"},{"id":4071,"name":"Heritage Tourism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Heritage_Tourism"},{"id":139,"name":"Ethnohistory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethnohistory"},{"id":6275,"name":"Tourism Geography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tourism_Geography"},{"id":4707,"name":"Indonesian Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indonesian_Studies"},{"id":3900,"name":"Anthropology of Mobility","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anthropology_of_Mobility"},{"id":3741,"name":"Urban Anthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Urban_Anthropology"},{"id":3499,"name":"Social and Cultural Anthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_and_Cultural_Anthropology"},{"id":3030,"name":"Glocalization","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Glocalization"},{"id":2823,"name":"Applied, engaged, and public anthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_engaged_and_public_anthropology"},{"id":2718,"name":"Linguistic Anthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Linguistic_Anthropology"},{"id":2411,"name":"Migration mobilities","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Migration_mobilities"},{"id":2410,"name":"Tourism mobilities","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tourism_mobilities"},{"id":2170,"name":"Ethnography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethnography"},{"id":1760,"name":"Media Anthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Media_Anthropology"},{"id":1233,"name":"Social Networks","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Networks"},{"id":1031,"name":"Southeast Asian Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Southeast_Asian_Studies"},{"id":954,"name":"Social Anthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Anthropology"},{"id":925,"name":"Visual Anthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Visual_Anthropology"},{"id":910,"name":"Anthropology of Tourism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anthropology_of_Tourism"},{"id":792,"name":"Historical Anthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Historical_Anthropology"},{"id":790,"name":"Psychological Anthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychological_Anthropology"},{"id":780,"name":"Ethnolinguistics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethnolinguistics"},{"id":776,"name":"Anthropological Linguistics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anthropological_Linguistics"},{"id":388,"name":"Latin American Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Latin_American_Studies"},{"id":380,"name":"Asian Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Asian_Studies"},{"id":379,"name":"African Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/African_Studies"},{"id":272,"name":"Social Geography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Geography"},{"id":262,"name":"Human Geography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Geography"},{"id":209,"name":"Social Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Theory"},{"id":203,"name":"Public Sociology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_Sociology"},{"id":8,"name":"Critical Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Critical_Theory"},{"id":2524,"name":"Sociolinguistics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sociolinguistics"},{"id":2585,"name":"International Development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Development"},{"id":2409,"name":"Mobility/Mobilities","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mobility_Mobilities"},{"id":2132,"name":"Cultural Heritage","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_Heritage"},{"id":19755,"name":"World Cultural Heritage","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/World_Cultural_Heritage"},{"id":5878,"name":"Nationalism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nationalism"},{"id":28508,"name":"History of Nationalism and Nation-Building","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Nationalism_and_Nation-Building"},{"id":10495,"name":"Nationalism And State Building","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nationalism_And_State_Building"},{"id":3556,"name":"Cosmopolitan Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cosmopolitan_Studies"},{"id":158191,"name":"Socio-Cultural Anthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Socio-Cultural_Anthropology"},{"id":3285,"name":"Qualitative Methods","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Qualitative_Methods"},{"id":22656,"name":"Hospitality","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hospitality"},{"id":5579,"name":"Authenticity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Authenticity"},{"id":14393,"name":"Destination Image","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Destination_Image"},{"id":14550,"name":"Globalization and Glocalization","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Globalization_and_Glocalization"},{"id":19764,"name":"Intangible Cultural Heritage (Culture)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Intangible_Cultural_Heritage_Culture_"},{"id":19165,"name":"Intangible Culture (Anthropology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Intangible_Culture_Anthropology_"},{"id":43492,"name":"Standardization","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Standardization"},{"id":23342,"name":"Cultural Anthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_Anthropology"},{"id":24444,"name":"Mixed Methods Research","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mixed_Methods_Research"},{"id":25289,"name":"Ethnographic Methods","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethnographic_Methods"},{"id":3055,"name":"Mixed Methods","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mixed_Methods"},{"id":11492,"name":"Ethnography (Research Methodology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethnography_Research_Methodology_"},{"id":3260,"name":"Mixed Methodologies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mixed_Methodologies"},{"id":8123,"name":"Ethnographic Fieldwork (Anthropology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethnographic_Fieldwork_Anthropology_"},{"id":10095,"name":"Mixed Methods (Methodology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mixed_Methods_Methodology_"},{"id":1558,"name":"Research Methods and Methodology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Research_Methods_and_Methodology"},{"id":3136,"name":"Qualitative methodology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Qualitative_methodology"},{"id":27949,"name":"Borderlands Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Borderlands_Studies"},{"id":928,"name":"Media Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Media_Studies"},{"id":4527,"name":"Africa","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Africa"},{"id":7125,"name":"Culture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Culture"},{"id":934,"name":"Media and Cultural Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Media_and_Cultural_Studies"},{"id":19051,"name":"Transnational Labour Migration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Transnational_Labour_Migration"},{"id":5780,"name":"Ideology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ideology"},{"id":8783,"name":"Indonesia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indonesia"},{"id":4850,"name":"Migration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Migration"},{"id":14730,"name":"Migration Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Migration_Studies"},{"id":5272,"name":"Identity (Culture)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Identity_Culture_"},{"id":22935,"name":"Ethnographic fieldwork","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethnographic_fieldwork"},{"id":19046,"name":"Migration (Anthropology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Migration_Anthropology_"},{"id":2793,"name":"Transnationalism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Transnationalism"},{"id":33481,"name":"Social Mobility","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Mobility"},{"id":7860,"name":"Cultural Tourism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_Tourism"},{"id":8004,"name":"Resistance (Social)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Resistance_Social_"},{"id":22181,"name":"Representation of Others","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Representation_of_Others"},{"id":1515,"name":"Sustainable Communities","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sustainable_Communities"},{"id":3474,"name":"Community Development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Community_Development"},{"id":14396,"name":"Sustainable Tourism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sustainable_Tourism"},{"id":23241,"name":"Tanzania","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tanzania"},{"id":2825,"name":"Power (social)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Power_social_"},{"id":56033,"name":"Tour Guiding","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tour_Guiding"},{"id":4524,"name":"Sustainable Development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sustainable_Development"},{"id":11845,"name":"Meaning","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Meaning"},{"id":39858,"name":"Meaning Making","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Meaning_Making"},{"id":84192,"name":"Global Tourism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Global_Tourism"},{"id":78855,"name":"Appropriation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Appropriation"},{"id":11731,"name":"Heritage Value","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Heritage_Value"},{"id":10428,"name":"Value Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Value_Theory"},{"id":52596,"name":"Tourism in protected areas/World Heritage","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tourism_in_protected_areas_World_Heritage"},{"id":2826,"name":"Social sciences and values","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_sciences_and_values"},{"id":3646,"name":"Social Representations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Representations"},{"id":3376,"name":"Values","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Values"},{"id":4834,"name":"Economic Anthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economic_Anthropology"},{"id":735,"name":"International Economics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Economics"},{"id":727,"name":"Development Economics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Development_Economics"},{"id":724,"name":"Economics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economics"},{"id":31566,"name":"Construction of Meaning","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Construction_of_Meaning"},{"id":12414,"name":"Cultural World Heritage Sites","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_World_Heritage_Sites"},{"id":26746,"name":"World Heritage Enlistment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/World_Heritage_Enlistment"},{"id":3347,"name":"Latin American politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Latin_American_politics"},{"id":15262,"name":"Latin American History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Latin_American_History"},{"id":162580,"name":"Chilean Social and Cultural History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chilean_Social_and_Cultural_History"},{"id":1250,"name":"Latin American and Caribbean History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Latin_American_and_Caribbean_History"},{"id":201233,"name":"Immobility","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Immobility"},{"id":36891,"name":"20th Century Chile","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/20th_Century_Chile"},{"id":9196,"name":"History of Chile","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Chile"},{"id":28551,"name":"Chilean Politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chilean_Politics"},{"id":6245,"name":"Stereotypes and Prejudice","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Stereotypes_and_Prejudice"},{"id":5578,"name":"Tourism (Anthropology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tourism_Anthropology_"},{"id":5910,"name":"Stereotypes","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Stereotypes"},{"id":20761,"name":"Concepts","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Concepts"},{"id":159070,"name":"Seduction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Seduction"},{"id":10633,"name":"Critical Discourse Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Critical_Discourse_Analysis"},{"id":42406,"name":"The Fantastic","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/The_Fantastic"},{"id":1751,"name":"Creativity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Creativity"},{"id":303218,"name":"Clich茅","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cliche"},{"id":34302,"name":"Tourism and Culture (Anthropology of Tourism)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tourism_and_Culture_Anthropology_of_Tourism_"},{"id":73607,"name":"People","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/People"},{"id":43883,"name":"Tourism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tourism"},{"id":23705,"name":"The tourist experience","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/The_tourist_experience"},{"id":3116,"name":"Space and Place","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Space_and_Place"},{"id":2089,"name":"Social Identity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Identity"},{"id":392,"name":"Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology"},{"id":6735,"name":"Heritage Conservation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Heritage_Conservation"},{"id":5107,"name":"Stakeholders","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Stakeholders"},{"id":263,"name":"Cultural Geography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_Geography"},{"id":4924,"name":"Fieldwork in Anthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fieldwork_in_Anthropology"},{"id":11210,"name":"Comparative Methods","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_Methods"},{"id":8827,"name":"East Africa","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/East_Africa"},{"id":6741,"name":"Asian History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Asian_History"},{"id":131,"name":"European History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_History"},{"id":2065,"name":"Research Methodology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Research_Methodology"},{"id":6579,"name":"Cosmopolitanism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cosmopolitanism"},{"id":5512,"name":"Narrative and interpretation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Narrative_and_interpretation"},{"id":128,"name":"History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History"},{"id":3896,"name":"African History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/African_History"},{"id":25275,"name":"Indian Ocean World","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indian_Ocean_World"},{"id":294,"name":"Ethnic Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethnic_Studies"},{"id":977,"name":"Development Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Development_Studies"},{"id":4702,"name":"Case Study Research","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Case_Study_Research"},{"id":2729,"name":"Hospitality Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hospitality_Studies"},{"id":6492,"name":"Storytelling","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Storytelling"},{"id":1028,"name":"Tourist Behavior","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tourist_Behavior"},{"id":94,"name":"Discourse Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Discourse_Analysis"},{"id":9486,"name":"Representations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Representations"},{"id":15863,"name":"Postcolonial Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Postcolonial_Literature"},{"id":68950,"name":"Encyclopaedic Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Encyclopaedic_Literature"},{"id":27500,"name":"Representation Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Representation_Theory"},{"id":2860,"name":"Postcolonial Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Postcolonial_Studies"},{"id":13995,"name":"Postcolonial Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Postcolonial_Theory"},{"id":99282,"name":"Holidays","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Holidays"},{"id":12064,"name":"Tourism Community Development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tourism_Community_Development"},{"id":31030,"name":"Sustainable Tourism Development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sustainable_Tourism_Development"},{"id":59017,"name":"Bussiness success","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bussiness_success"},{"id":25294,"name":"Transnational Communities","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Transnational_Communities"},{"id":51913,"name":"Transnational Networks","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Transnational_Networks"},{"id":40862,"name":"Belgium","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Belgium"},{"id":69600,"name":"Tourism Development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tourism_Development"},{"id":7747,"name":"Success (Organisational)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Success_Organisational_"},{"id":250769,"name":"Non Profits","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Non_Profits"},{"id":1198,"name":"Peace and Conflict Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Peace_and_Conflict_Studies"},{"id":9815,"name":"Developing Countries","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Developing_Countries"},{"id":802,"name":"Political Economy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Economy"},{"id":20009,"name":"Inequality (Economics)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Inequality_Economics_"},{"id":1192,"name":"Feminist Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Feminist_Theory"},{"id":5815,"name":"Identity politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Identity_politics"},{"id":1698,"name":"Marxism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marxism"},{"id":4715,"name":"Social Interaction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Interaction"},{"id":6051,"name":"Social Development in developing countries","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Development_in_developing_countries"},{"id":27053,"name":"NGOs (Anthropology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/NGOs_Anthropology_"},{"id":248,"name":"Social Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Psychology"},{"id":7466,"name":"Human Development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Development"},{"id":221,"name":"Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology"},{"id":7453,"name":"Rural Development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rural_Development"},{"id":3018,"name":"Motivation (Psychology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Motivation_Psychology_"},{"id":3288,"name":"Ancient borders and borderlands (Archaeology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_borders_and_borderlands_Archaeology_"},{"id":272486,"name":"Arusha","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Arusha"},{"id":79771,"name":"Zanzibar","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Zanzibar"},{"id":4138,"name":"Hybridity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hybridity"},{"id":372983,"name":"Scape","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Scape"},{"id":28797,"name":"Nomadism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nomadism"},{"id":24896,"name":"Nomadic Peoples","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nomadic_Peoples"},{"id":23791,"name":"Third Space","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Third_Space"},{"id":24850,"name":"Third space (Humanities)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Third_space_Humanities_"},{"id":40321,"name":"Tim Ingold","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tim_Ingold"},{"id":3723,"name":"History of Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Science"},{"id":188,"name":"Cultural Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_Studies"},{"id":1492,"name":"Racial and Ethnic Politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Racial_and_Ethnic_Politics"},{"id":136,"name":"Cultural History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_History"},{"id":2858,"name":"Popular Culture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Popular_Culture"},{"id":5453,"name":"Race and Ethnicity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Race_and_Ethnicity"},{"id":24748,"name":"Ethnicity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethnicity"},{"id":4195,"name":"Cultural Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_Theory"},{"id":9150,"name":"Indigeneity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indigeneity"},{"id":8769,"name":"Intangible cultural heritage","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Intangible_cultural_heritage"},{"id":6915,"name":"Unesco","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Unesco"},{"id":45911,"name":"Maasai","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maasai"},{"id":18113,"name":"Anthropology of Borders","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anthropology_of_Borders"},{"id":11483,"name":"Cultural Memory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_Memory"},{"id":8400,"name":"Cultural Encounters","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_Encounters"},{"id":2527,"name":"Heritage Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Heritage_Studies"},{"id":86708,"name":"Theme Parks","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Theme_Parks"},{"id":15838,"name":"Imagination","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Imagination"},{"id":8770,"name":"Anthropology of locality","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anthropology_of_locality"},{"id":1657,"name":"Museum Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Museum_Studies"},{"id":6683,"name":"Museum Anthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Museum_Anthropology"},{"id":24016,"name":"Museology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Museology"},{"id":2538,"name":"Museum","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Museum"},{"id":65132,"name":"Imagineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Imagineering"},{"id":19405,"name":"Cultural Heritage Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_Heritage_Management"},{"id":10194,"name":"Localization","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Localization"},{"id":134314,"name":"Theme Park","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Theme_Park"},{"id":16887,"name":"Museums and Identity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Museums_and_Identity"},{"id":275668,"name":"Imagination and migration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Imagination_and_migration"},{"id":16222,"name":"Anthropology of Media","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anthropology_of_Media"},{"id":223590,"name":"Historia de Chile","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Historia_de_Chile"},{"id":481017,"name":"Historia Contempor谩nea de Chile","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Historia_Contemporanea_de_Chile"},{"id":123732,"name":"Literatura chilena","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Literatura_chilena"},{"id":66267,"name":"Chilean Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chilean_Literature"},{"id":17088,"name":"Chilean Spanish","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chilean_Spanish"},{"id":91196,"name":"Turismo","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Turismo"},{"id":403776,"name":"Chilean History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chilean_History"},{"id":158253,"name":"Chilean Diaspora","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chilean_Diaspora"},{"id":4977,"name":"Academic Mobility","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Academic_Mobility"},{"id":50690,"name":"Mobility","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mobility"},{"id":36194,"name":"Mobilities Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mobilities_Studies"},{"id":13400,"name":"Chilean Political Economy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chilean_Political_Economy"},{"id":213073,"name":"Movilidad y Transporte","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Movilidad_y_Transporte"},{"id":673148,"name":"Movilidad Humana, Buen Vivir, Plurinacionalidad","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Movilidad_Humana_Buen_Vivir_Plurinacionalidad"},{"id":134632,"name":"Migraciones Internacionales","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Migraciones_Internacionales"},{"id":124587,"name":"Temporary migration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Temporary_migration"},{"id":10422,"name":"National Identity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/National_Identity"},{"id":9405,"name":"Post-Colonialism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Post-Colonialism"},{"id":11927,"name":"Michel Foucault","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Michel_Foucault"},{"id":18845,"name":"Environmental Sustainability","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Sustainability"},{"id":6656,"name":"Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Non-Governmental_Organizations_NGOs_"},{"id":1476602,"name":"ANTHROMOB","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/ANTHROMOB"},{"id":1266255,"name":"Noel B Salazar","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Noel_B_Salazar"}]}</script><div class="work-card--no-attachment-details"><div style="font-weight: 700; font-size: 14px;">Abstract</div><div class="work-card--abstract js-swp-splash-abstract">The broker, a classic figure in the social sciences, largely vanished from view in the late 1970s before re-emerging in the new millennium, among others as an exemplary analytical lens for critical scholarship concerned with the crossing of physical borders as well as socio-culturally constructed boundaries. The study of transnational mobility brokers (in the context of migration, tourism and the like) offers us many insights into the intricate mechanisms of border crossings, hereby illuminating broader contexts and processes. Even if the ability to move freely across borders is spread very unevenly within countries and across the globe, virtually everybody who is on the move transnationally relies, in one way or the other, on border-crossing broker services (whether seen as formal or informal, legal or illegal). The effects of cross-border brokerage practices are multiple and multifaceted (and by no means necessarily beneficial to those involved). In many cases, new boundaries are constructed even as borders are crossed. Importantly, cross-border brokers gain (often financially but also in terms of other personal advantages) from the mediation of something that they do not directly control themselves. In their role, they often come up against internal contradictions. Uneasy cultural identification or insecure social group membership appear to be highly instrumental to the mobility and innovative behaviour essential to the broker role. In this talk, I illustrate how in-depth ethnographic engagements with transnational mobility brokerage allow grand theoretical narratives about borders and boundaries to be put to the empirical test.</div></div><div class="request-upload--container"><p class="request-upload--title">Noel B. Salazar hasn't uploaded this document.</p><div class="request-upload--info-text"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="info-circle" class="request-upload--info-icon svg-inline--fa fa-info-circle fa-w-16" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M256 8C119.043 8 8 119.083 8 256c0 136.997 111.043 248 248 248s248-111.003 248-248C504 119.083 392.957 8 256 8zm0 110c23.196 0 42 18.804 42 42s-18.804 42-42 42-42-18.804-42-42 18.804-42 42-42zm56 254c0 6.627-5.373 12-12 12h-88c-6.627 0-12-5.373-12-12v-24c0-6.627 5.373-12 12-12h12v-64h-12c-6.627 0-12-5.373-12-12v-24c0-6.627 5.373-12 12-12h64c6.627 0 12 5.373 12 12v100h12c6.627 0 12 5.373 12 12v24z"></path></svg><p class="no-margin hide-on-small-mobile">Let Noel B. know you want this document to be uploaded.</p><p class="no-margin hide-above-small-mobile">Ask for this document to be uploaded.</p></div><button class="work-cover--request-pdf-button small js-request-pdf-button hide-on-desktop"><svg style="width: 14px; margin-right: 8px;" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="envelope" class="svg-inline--fa fa-envelope fa-w-16" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M502.3 190.8c3.9-3.1 9.7-.2 9.7 4.7V400c0 26.5-21.5 48-48 48H48c-26.5 0-48-21.5-48-48V195.6c0-5 5.7-7.8 9.7-4.7 22.4 17.4 52.1 39.5 154.1 113.6 21.1 15.4 56.7 47.8 92.2 47.6 35.7.3 72-32.8 92.3-47.6 102-74.1 131.6-96.3 154-113.7zM256 320c23.2.4 56.6-29.2 73.4-41.4 132.7-96.3 142.8-104.7 173.4-128.7 5.8-4.5 9.2-11.5 9.2-18.9v-19c0-26.5-21.5-48-48-48H48C21.5 64 0 85.5 0 112v19c0 7.4 3.4 14.3 9.2 18.9 30.6 23.9 40.7 32.4 173.4 128.7 16.8 12.2 50.2 41.8 73.4 41.4z"></path></svg>Request PDF</button></div></div></div></div><div class="related-content-container--mobile"><div class="mobile-ri-container--header-small"><p class="ds2-5-body-md-bold">Related topics</p></div><div class="mobile-ri-container--header-medium"><h4 class="ds2-5-heading-sans-serif-sm">Related topics</h4></div><div class="sidebar-redesign--ri-container" data-impression-entity-id="28307088" data-impression-entity-type="2" data-impression-source="loswp--mobile-research-interests"><style type="text/css">.related-research-interest--pill { box-sizing: border-box; /* Auto layout */ display: flex; flex-direction: row; justify-content: center; padding: 8px 16px; background: #FFFFFF; border: 1px solid #DDDDE2; border-radius: 100px; /* Inside auto layout */ color: #222233; } .related-research-interest--pill:hover { cursor: pointer; border: 1px solid #0057EB; color: #0057EB; text-decoration: none; }</style><a class="js-related-research-interest related-research-interest--pill" data-entity-id="1476602" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/ANTHROMOB">ANTHROMOB</a></div></div></div><div class="footer--content"><ul class="footer--main-links hide-on-mobile"><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/about">About</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/press">Press</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" href="https://medium.com/academia">Blog</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/documents">Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/topics">Topics</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/hiring"><svg style="width: 13px; height: 13px; position: relative; bottom: -1px;" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="briefcase" class="svg-inline--fa fa-briefcase fa-w-16" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M320 336c0 8.84-7.16 16-16 16h-96c-8.84 0-16-7.16-16-16v-48H0v144c0 25.6 22.4 48 48 48h416c25.6 0 48-22.4 48-48V288H320v48zm144-208h-80V80c0-25.6-22.4-48-48-48H176c-25.6 0-48 22.4-48 48v48H48c-25.6 0-48 22.4-48 48v80h512v-80c0-25.6-22.4-48-48-48zm-144 0H192V96h128v32z"></path></svg> <strong>We're Hiring!</strong></a></li><li><a href="https://support.academia.edu/"><svg style="width: 12px; height: 12px; position: relative; bottom: -1px;" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="question-circle" class="svg-inline--fa fa-question-circle fa-w-16" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M504 256c0 136.997-111.043 248-248 248S8 392.997 8 256C8 119.083 119.043 8 256 8s248 111.083 248 248zM262.655 90c-54.497 0-89.255 22.957-116.549 63.758-3.536 5.286-2.353 12.415 2.715 16.258l34.699 26.31c5.205 3.947 12.621 3.008 16.665-2.122 17.864-22.658 30.113-35.797 57.303-35.797 20.429 0 45.698 13.148 45.698 32.958 0 14.976-12.363 22.667-32.534 33.976C247.128 238.528 216 254.941 216 296v4c0 6.627 5.373 12 12 12h56c6.627 0 12-5.373 12-12v-1.333c0-28.462 83.186-29.647 83.186-106.667 0-58.002-60.165-102-116.531-102zM256 338c-25.365 0-46 20.635-46 46 0 25.364 20.635 46 46 46s46-20.636 46-46c0-25.365-20.635-46-46-46z"></path></svg> <strong>Help Center</strong></a></li></ul><ul class="footer--research-interests"><li>Find new research papers in:</li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Physics">Physics</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemistry">Chemistry</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biology">Biology</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Sciences">Health Sciences</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ecology">Ecology</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Earth_Sciences">Earth Sciences</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Science">Cognitive Science</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mathematics">Mathematics</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computer_Science">Computer Science</a></li></ul><ul class="footer--legal-links hide-on-mobile"><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/terms">Terms</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/privacy">Privacy</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/copyright">Copyright</a></li><li>Academia ©2024</li></ul></div> </body> </html>