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id="toc-Authorship_and_dating" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Authorship_and_dating"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.2 Authorship and dating </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Authorship_and_dating-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Two_stories" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Two_stories"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.3 Two stories </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Two_stories-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mesopotamian_influence" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mesopotamian_influence"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.4 Mesopotamian influence </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mesopotamian_influence-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cosmology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cosmology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.5 Cosmology </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cosmology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Alternative_biblical_creation_accounts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Alternative_biblical_creation_accounts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.6 Alternative biblical creation accounts </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Alternative_biblical_creation_accounts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-First_narrative:_Genesis_1:1–2:3" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#First_narrative:_Genesis_1:1–2:3"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2 First narrative: Genesis 1:1–2:3 </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-First_narrative:_Genesis_1:1–2:3-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle First narrative: Genesis 1:1–2:3 subsection </button> <ul id="toc-First_narrative:_Genesis_1:1–2:3-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Background" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Background"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1 Background </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Background-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pre-creation_(Genesis_1:1–2)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pre-creation_(Genesis_1:1–2)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2 Pre-creation (Genesis 1:1–2) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pre-creation_(Genesis_1:1–2)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Six_days_of_Creation_(1:3–2:3)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Six_days_of_Creation_(1:3–2:3)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.3 Six days of Creation (1:3–2:3) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Six_days_of_Creation_(1:3–2:3)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-First_day_(1:3–5)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#First_day_(1:3–5)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.3.1 First day (1:3–5) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-First_day_(1:3–5)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Second_day_(1:6–8)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Second_day_(1:6–8)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.3.2 Second day (1:6–8) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Second_day_(1:6–8)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Third_day_(1:9–13)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Third_day_(1:9–13)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.3.3 Third day (1:9–13) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Third_day_(1:9–13)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fourth_day_(1:14–19)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fourth_day_(1:14–19)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.3.4 Fourth day (1:14–19) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fourth_day_(1:14–19)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fifth_day_(1:20–23)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fifth_day_(1:20–23)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.3.5 Fifth day (1:20–23) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fifth_day_(1:20–23)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sixth_day_(1:24–31)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sixth_day_(1:24–31)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.3.6 Sixth day (1:24–31) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sixth_day_(1:24–31)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Seventh_day:_divine_rest_(2:1–3)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Seventh_day:_divine_rest_(2:1–3)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.3.7 Seventh day: divine rest (2:1–3) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Seventh_day:_divine_rest_(2:1–3)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Second_narrative:_Genesis_2:4–2:25" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Second_narrative:_Genesis_2:4–2:25"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Second narrative: Genesis 2:4–2:25 </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Second_narrative:_Genesis_2:4–2:25-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Second narrative: Genesis 2:4–2:25 subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Second_narrative:_Genesis_2:4–2:25-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-The_origin_of_humanity_and_plant_life_(2:4–7)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_origin_of_humanity_and_plant_life_(2:4–7)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 The origin of humanity and plant life (2:4–7) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_origin_of_humanity_and_plant_life_(2:4–7)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_Garden_of_Eden_(2:8–14)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_Garden_of_Eden_(2:8–14)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2 The Garden of Eden (2:8–14) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_Garden_of_Eden_(2:8–14)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-God's_covenant_with_Adam_(2:15–17)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#God's_covenant_with_Adam_(2:15–17)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.3 God's covenant with Adam (2:15–17) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-God's_covenant_with_Adam_(2:15–17)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-A_suitable_helper_(2:18–25)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#A_suitable_helper_(2:18–25)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.4 A suitable helper (2:18–25) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-A_suitable_helper_(2:18–25)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Interpretations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Interpretations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Interpretations </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Interpretations-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Interpretations subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Interpretations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Hexameral_literature" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hexameral_literature"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1 Hexameral literature </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hexameral_literature-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Framework_interpretation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Framework_interpretation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2 Framework interpretation </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Framework_interpretation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Two_triads_and_three_kingdoms" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Two_triads_and_three_kingdoms"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2.1 Two triads and three kingdoms </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Two_triads_and_three_kingdoms-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Supporters_and_critics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Supporters_and_critics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2.2 Supporters and critics </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Supporters_and_critics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Literal_interpretations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Literal_interpretations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.3 Literal interpretations </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Literal_interpretations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Notes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 Sources </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 Further reading </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 External links </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-External_links-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle External links subsection </button> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Framework_interpretation_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Framework_interpretation_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10.1 Framework interpretation </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Framework_interpretation_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Biblical_texts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Biblical_texts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10.2 Biblical texts </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Biblical_texts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mesopotamian_texts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mesopotamian_texts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10.3 Mesopotamian texts </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mesopotamian_texts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Framework_interpretation_3" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Framework_interpretation_3"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10.4 Framework interpretation </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Framework_interpretation_3-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Related_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Related_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10.5 Related links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Related_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Genesis creation narrative</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 34 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-34" aria-hidden="true" > 34 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genesis-skeppingsverhaal" title="Genesis-skeppingsverhaal – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Genesis-skeppingsverhaal" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%88%A5%E1%8A%90-%E1%8D%8D%E1%8C%A5%E1%88%A8%E1%89%B5" title="ሥነ-ፍጥረት – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ሥነ-ፍጥረት" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target">አማርኛ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%B5%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AE%D9%84%D9%82_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D8%B3%D9%81%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%83%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%86" title="قصة الخلق في سفر التكوين – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="قصة الخلق في سفر التكوين" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Creaci%C3%B3_segons_el_G%C3%A8nesi" title="Creació segons el Gènesi – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Creació segons el Gènesi" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Y_creu_yn_%C3%B4l_Genesis" title="Y creu yn ôl Genesis – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Y creu yn ôl Genesis" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skabelsesberetningen_i_Bibelen" title="Skabelsesberetningen i Bibelen – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Skabelsesberetningen i Bibelen" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sch%C3%B6pfungsgeschichte_(Priesterschrift)" title="Schöpfungsgeschichte (Priesterschrift) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Schöpfungsgeschichte (Priesterschrift)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CE%BF%CF%83%CE%BC%CE%BF%CE%B3%CE%BF%CE%BD%CE%AF%CE%B1_%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%82_%CE%93%CE%AD%CE%BD%CE%B5%CF%83%CE%B7%CF%82" title="Κοσμογονία της Γένεσης – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Κοσμογονία της Γένεσης" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Narraci%C3%B3n_de_la_creaci%C3%B3n_del_G%C3%A9nesis" title="Narración de la creación del Génesis – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Narración de la creación del Génesis" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%AA_%D8%A2%D9%81%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%B4" title="روایت آفرینش – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="روایت آفرینش" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cr%C3%A9ation_(Bible)" title="Création (Bible) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Création (Bible)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%B2%9C%EC%A7%80%EC%B0%BD%EC%A1%B0" title="천지창조 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="천지창조" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biblijski_izvje%C5%A1taj_o_stvaranju" title="Biblijski izvještaj o stvaranju – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Biblijski izvještaj o stvaranju" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penciptaan_menurut_Kitab_Kejadian" title="Penciptaan menurut Kitab Kejadian – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Penciptaan menurut Kitab Kejadian" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Storia_della_creazione_in_Genesi" title="Storia della creazione in Genesi – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Storia della creazione in Genesi" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%90%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%A2%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%9D_(%D7%99%D7%94%D7%93%D7%95%D7%AA)" title="בריאת העולם (יהדות) – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="בריאת העולם (יהדות)" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crea_(Biblia)" title="Crea (Biblia) – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Crea (Biblia)" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lingua Franca Nova</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bibliai_teremt%C3%A9st%C3%B6rt%C3%A9net" title="Bibliai teremtéstörténet – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Bibliai teremtéstörténet" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Famoronana_(araka_ny_Baiboly)" title="Famoronana (araka ny Baiboly) – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Famoronana (araka ny Baiboly)" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malagasy</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kisah_penciptaan_Kitab_Kejadian" title="Kisah penciptaan Kitab Kejadian – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Kisah penciptaan Kitab Kejadian" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scheppingsverhaal_(Genesis)" title="Scheppingsverhaal (Genesis) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Scheppingsverhaal (Genesis)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E5%9C%B0%E5%89%B5%E9%80%A0" title="天地創造 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="天地創造" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Creacion_segon_la_Gen%C3%A8si" title="Creacion segon la Genèsi – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Creacion segon la Genèsi" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Occitan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link 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//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/40px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle">(Redirected from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Framework_interpretation&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Framework interpretation">Framework interpretation</a>)</div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Creation myth of Judaism and Christianity</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Genesis 1" and "Creation of Man" redirect here. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Genesis_1_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Genesis 1 (disambiguation)">Genesis 1 (disambiguation)</a>. For the Scarlet Pimpernel song, see <a href="/wiki/The_Creation_of_Man" class="mw-redirect" title="The Creation of Man">The Creation of Man</a>. For the Michelangelo fresco, see <a href="/wiki/The_Creation_of_Man_(Michaelangelo)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Creation of Man (Michaelangelo)">The Creation of Man (Michaelangelo)</a>.</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tissot_The_Creation.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Tissot_The_Creation.jpg/260px-Tissot_The_Creation.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="221" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Tissot_The_Creation.jpg/390px-Tissot_The_Creation.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Tissot_The_Creation.jpg/520px-Tissot_The_Creation.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2555" /></a><figcaption>The Creation, by <a href="/wiki/James_Tissot" title="James Tissot">James Tissot</a> (1836–1902)</figcaption></figure> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist 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href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks plainlist"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Bible" title="Category:Bible">a series</a> on the</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle"><a href="/wiki/Bible" title="Bible">Bible</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Bible.malmesbury.arp.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The Malmesbury Bible"><img alt="The Malmesbury Bible" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Bible.malmesbury.arp.jpg/180px-Bible.malmesbury.arp.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="117" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Bible.malmesbury.arp.jpg/270px-Bible.malmesbury.arp.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Bible.malmesbury.arp.jpg/360px-Bible.malmesbury.arp.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1993" data-file-height="1300" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Biblical_canon" title="Biblical canon">Canons</a> and books</li></ul></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="hlist nowrap"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hebrew_Bible" title="Hebrew Bible">Tanakh</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Torah" title="Torah">Torah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nevi%27im" title="Nevi'im">Nevi'im</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ketuvim" title="Ketuvim">Ketuvim</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div><div class="hlist nowrap"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Old_Testament" title="Old Testament">Old Testament (OT)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Testament" title="New Testament">New Testament (NT)</a></li></ul> </div><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Deuterocanonical_books" title="Deuterocanonical books">Deuterocanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antilegomena" title="Antilegomena">Antilegomena</a></li></ul> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chapters_and_verses_of_the_Bible" title="Chapters and verses of the Bible">Chapters and verses</a></li></ul> <div class="hlist nowrap"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Biblical_apocrypha" title="Biblical apocrypha">Apocrypha</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_apocrypha" title="Jewish apocrypha">Jewish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biblical_apocrypha" title="Biblical apocrypha">OT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Testament_apocrypha" title="New Testament apocrypha">NT</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Authorship_of_the_Bible" title="Authorship of the Bible">Authorship</a> and development</li></ul></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Authorship_of_the_Bible" title="Authorship of the Bible">Authorship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dating_the_Bible" title="Dating the Bible">Dating</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Development_of_the_Hebrew_Bible_canon" title="Development of the Hebrew Bible canon">Hebrew canon</a></li></ul> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Development_of_the_Old_Testament_canon" title="Development of the Old Testament canon">Old Testament canon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Development_of_the_New_Testament_canon" title="Development of the New Testament canon">New Testament canon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Composition_of_the_Torah" title="Composition of the Torah">Composition of the Torah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mosaic_authorship" title="Mosaic authorship">Mosaic authorship</a></li></ul> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Authorship_of_the_Pauline_epistles" title="Authorship of the Pauline epistles">Pauline epistles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Authorship_of_the_Petrine_epistles" title="Authorship of the Petrine epistles">Petrine epistles</a></li></ul> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Authorship_of_the_Johannine_works" title="Authorship of the Johannine works">Johannine works</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bible_translations" title="Bible translations">Translations</a> and <a href="/wiki/Biblical_manuscript" title="Biblical manuscript">manuscripts</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dead_Sea_Scrolls" title="Dead Sea Scrolls">Dead Sea scrolls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masoretic_Text" title="Masoretic Text">Masoretic Text</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samaritan_Pentateuch" title="Samaritan Pentateuch">Samaritan Pentateuch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Targum" title="Targum">Targumim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Septuagint" title="Septuagint">Septuagint</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peshitta" title="Peshitta">Peshitta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vetus_Latina" title="Vetus Latina">Vetus Latina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vulgate" title="Vulgate">Vulgate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_Bible" title="Gothic Bible">Gothic Bible</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luther_Bible" title="Luther Bible">Luther Bible</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bible_translations_into_English" title="Bible translations into English">English Bibles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Bible_translations_by_language" title="List of Bible translations by language">by language</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Biblical_studies" title="Biblical studies">Biblical studies</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks" style="background-color: transparent; color: var( --color-base ); border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding-top:0;"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Biblical_archaeology" title="Biblical archaeology">Archeology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_inscriptions_in_biblical_archaeology" title="List of inscriptions in biblical archaeology">Artifacts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dating_the_Bible" title="Dating the Bible">Dating</a></li> <li> <a href="/wiki/Historicity_of_the_Bible" title="Historicity of the Bible">Historicity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internal_consistency_of_the_Bible" title="Internal consistency of the Bible">Internal consistency</a></li> <li> <a href="/wiki/List_of_biblical_figures_identified_in_extra-biblical_sources" title="List of biblical figures identified in extra-biblical sources">People</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_biblical_places" title="List of biblical places">Places</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_biblical_names" title="List of biblical names">Names</a></li></ul> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Biblia_Hebraica_Stuttgartensia" title="Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia">Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Rahlfs%27_edition_of_the_Septuagint" title="Alfred Rahlfs' edition of the Septuagint">Rahlfs' Septuagint</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Novum_Testamentum_Graece" title="Novum Testamentum Graece">Novum Testamentum Graece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Documentary_hypothesis" title="Documentary hypothesis">Documentary hypothesis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Synoptic_Gospels#The_synoptic_problem" title="Synoptic Gospels">Synoptic problem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Categories_of_New_Testament_manuscripts" title="Categories of New Testament manuscripts">NT textual categories</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="padding-bottom:0;"> <a href="/wiki/Biblical_criticism" title="Biblical criticism">Biblical criticism</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding-top:0;"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Historical_criticism" title="Historical criticism">Historical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Textual_criticism" title="Textual criticism">Textual</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Source_criticism_(biblical_studies)" title="Source criticism (biblical studies)">Source</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Form_criticism" title="Form criticism">Form</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Redaction_criticism" title="Redaction criticism">Redaction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canonical_criticism" title="Canonical criticism">Canonical</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Interpretation</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Biblical_hermeneutics" title="Biblical hermeneutics">Hermeneutics</a></li></ul> <div class="hlist nowrap"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pesher" title="Pesher">Pesher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Midrash" title="Midrash">Midrash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pardes_(exegesis)" title="Pardes (exegesis)">Pardes</a></li></ul> </div><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Allegorical_interpretation_of_the_Bible" title="Allegorical interpretation of the Bible">Allegorical interpretation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historical-grammatical_method" title="Historical-grammatical method">Historical-grammatical method</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biblical_inspiration" title="Biblical inspiration">Inspiration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biblical_literalism" title="Biblical literalism">Literalism</a></li></ul> </div><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alcohol_in_the_Bible" title="Alcohol in the Bible">Alcohol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bible_conspiracy_theory" title="Bible conspiracy theory">Conspiracy theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethics_in_the_Bible" title="Ethics in the Bible">Ethics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capital_punishment_in_the_Bible" title="Capital punishment in the Bible">Capital punishment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Bible_and_homosexuality" title="The Bible and homosexuality">Homosexuality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Bible_and_humor" title="The Bible and humor">Humor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Incest_in_the_Bible" title="Incest in the Bible">Incest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_and_the_Bible" title="Muhammad and the Bible">Muhammad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bible_prophecy" title="Bible prophecy">Prophecy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rape_in_the_Hebrew_Bible" title="Rape in the Hebrew Bible">Rape</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serpents_in_the_Bible" title="Serpents in the Bible">Serpents</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex_in_the_Hebrew_Bible" title="Sex in the Hebrew Bible">Sex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Bible_and_slavery" title="The Bible and slavery">Slavery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Bible_and_violence" title="The Bible and violence">Violence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_in_the_Hebrew_Bible" title="War in the Hebrew Bible">Warfare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_the_Bible" title="Women in the Bible">Women</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Perspectives</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gnosticism" title="Gnosticism">Gnostic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_view_of_the_Bible" title="Islamic view of the Bible">Islamic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Biblical_narratives_in_the_Quran" title="Biblical narratives in the Quran">Quranic</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Biblical_inerrancy" title="Biblical inerrancy">Inerrancy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biblical_infallibility" title="Biblical infallibility">Infallibility</a></li></ul> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_the_Bible" title="Criticism of the Bible">Criticism of the Bible</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biblical_authority" title="Biblical authority">Biblical authority</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below"> <a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Bible-related_topics" title="Outline of Bible-related topics">Outline of Bible-related topics</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Bible.malmesbury.arp.jpg/32px-Bible.malmesbury.arp.jpg" decoding="async" width="32" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Bible.malmesbury.arp.jpg/48px-Bible.malmesbury.arp.jpg 1.5x, 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title="Category:Creationism">a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="font-size:200%;font-weight:normal;padding-bottom:0.15em;"><a href="/wiki/Creationism" title="Creationism">Creationism</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><a href="/wiki/The_Creation_of_Adam" title="The Creation of Adam"><img alt="Michelangelo's "The Creation of Adam" on the Sistine Chapel ceiling" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/The_Creation_of_Adam.jpg/250px-The_Creation_of_Adam.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="115" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/The_Creation_of_Adam.jpg/375px-The_Creation_of_Adam.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/The_Creation_of_Adam.jpg/500px-The_Creation_of_Adam.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1614" data-file-height="741" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-above" style="border-top:#aab 1px solid; border-bottom:#aab 1px solid;"> <a href="/wiki/History_of_creationism" title="History of creationism">History</a></td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/Creationism#Types_of_creationism" title="Creationism">Types</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Young_Earth_creationism" title="Young Earth creationism">Young Earth</a></li></ul> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Old_Earth_creationism" title="Old Earth creationism">Old Earth</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Day-age_creationism" title="Day-age creationism">day-age</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gap_creationism" title="Gap creationism">gap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_creationism" title="Progressive creationism">progressive</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Neo-creationism" title="Neo-creationism">Neo-creationism</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/Biblical_cosmology" title="Biblical cosmology">Biblical cosmology</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Genesis" title="Book of Genesis">Book of Genesis</a> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">creation narrative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allegorical_interpretations_of_Genesis" title="Allegorical interpretations of Genesis">as an allegory</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Omphalos_hypothesis" title="Omphalos hypothesis">Omphalos hypothesis</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/Creation_science" title="Creation science">Creation science</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Created_kind" title="Created kind">Created kind</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flood_geology" title="Flood geology">Flood geology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Creation_science#Creationist_cosmologies" title="Creation science">Creationist cosmologies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intelligent_design" title="Intelligent design">Intelligent design</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/Rejection_of_evolution_by_religious_groups" title="Rejection of evolution by religious groups">Rejection of evolution by religious groups</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_creation%E2%80%93evolution_controversy" title="History of the creation–evolution controversy">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Creation_and_evolution_in_public_education" title="Creation and evolution in public education">Public education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teach_the_Controversy" title="Teach the Controversy">"Teach the Controversy"</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Religious views</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks" style="background-color: transparent; color: var( --color-base ); border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Non-creation</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Creator_in_Buddhism" title="Creator in Buddhism">Creator in Buddhism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jainism_and_non-creationism" title="Jainism and non-creationism">Jainism and non-creationism</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Evolution</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Theistic_evolution" title="Theistic evolution">Theistic evolution</a></li></ul> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_and_evolution" class="mw-redirect" title="Buddhism and evolution">Buddhist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evolution_and_the_Catholic_Church" title="Evolution and the Catholic Church">Catholic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_views_on_evolution" title="Hindu views on evolution">Hindu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_views_on_evolution" title="Islamic views on evolution">Islamic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_views_on_evolution" title="Jewish views on evolution">Jewish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mormon_views_on_evolution" title="Mormon views on evolution">Mormon</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr></tbody></table></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Creationism_sidebar" title="Template:Creationism sidebar"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Creationism_sidebar" title="Template talk:Creationism sidebar"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Creationism_sidebar" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Creationism sidebar"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> The Genesis creation narrative is the <a href="/wiki/Creation_myth" title="Creation myth">creation myth</a><a href="#cite_note-myth-1">[a]</a> of both <a href="/wiki/Judaism" title="Judaism">Judaism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a>,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELeemingLeeming2004113-2">[1]</a> told in the <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Genesis" title="Book of Genesis">Book of Genesis</a> ch. 1–2. While the Jewish and Christian tradition is that the account is one comprehensive story<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBaden201213-3">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFriedmanDolansky_Overton2007734-4">[3]</a> modern scholars of <a href="/wiki/Biblical_criticism" title="Biblical criticism">biblical criticism</a> identify the account as a composite work<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESpeiser1964xxi-5">[4]</a> made up of two stories drawn from different sources.<a href="#cite_note-two_stories-6">[b]</a> The first account, in Genesis 1:1–2:3, is from what scholars call the <a href="/wiki/Priestly_source" title="Priestly source">Priestly source</a> (P), largely dated to the 6th century BCE.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECooganChapman201848-7">[5]</a> In this story, <a href="/wiki/Elohim" title="Elohim">Elohim</a> (the Hebrew generic word for "<a href="/wiki/God" title="God">god</a>") creates the heavens and the Earth in six days, then rests on, blesses, and sanctifies the seventh (i.e. the <a href="/wiki/Biblical_Sabbath" title="Biblical Sabbath">Biblical Sabbath</a>). The second account, which takes up the rest of Genesis 2, is largely from the <a href="/wiki/Jahwist" title="Jahwist">Jahwist</a> source (J),<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECollins201871-8">[6]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBandstra200837-9">[7]</a> commonly dated to the 10th or 9th centuries BCE.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECooganChapman201848-7">[5]</a> In this story, God (now referred to by the personal name <a href="/wiki/Yahweh" title="Yahweh">Yahweh</a>) creates <a href="/wiki/Adam" title="Adam">Adam</a>, the first man, from dust and places him in the <a href="/wiki/Garden_of_Eden" title="Garden of Eden">Garden of Eden</a>. There he is given dominion over the animals. <a href="/wiki/Eve" title="Eve">Eve</a>, the first woman, is created from Adam's rib as his companion. The first major comprehensive draft of the <a href="/wiki/Pentateuch" class="mw-redirect" title="Pentateuch">Pentateuch</a><a href="#cite_note-10">[c]</a> is thought to have been composed in the late 7th or the 6th century BCE (the <a href="/wiki/Jahwist" title="Jahwist">Jahwist</a> source) and was later expanded by other authors (the <a href="/wiki/Priestly_source" title="Priestly source">Priestly source</a>) into a work much alike to Genesis as known today.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDavies200137-11">[8]</a> The authors of the text were influenced by <a href="/wiki/Mesopotamian_mythology" title="Mesopotamian mythology">Mesopotamian mythology</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ancient_near_eastern_cosmology" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient near eastern cosmology">ancient near eastern cosmology</a>, and borrowed several themes from them, adapting and integrating them with their unique <a href="/wiki/Monotheism" title="Monotheism">belief in one God</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESarna199750-12">[9]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKlammWinitzer2023-13">[10]</a><a href="#cite_note-Mesopotamian_mythology-14">[d]</a> The combined narrative is a critique of the <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Mesopotamian_religion" title="Ancient Mesopotamian religion">Mesopotamian theology</a> of creation: Genesis affirms <a href="/wiki/Monotheism" title="Monotheism">monotheism</a> and denies <a href="/wiki/Polytheism" title="Polytheism">polytheism</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWenham2003b37-15">[11]</a> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Composition">Composition</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bm-epic-g.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Bm-epic-g.jpg/260px-Bm-epic-g.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="307" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Bm-epic-g.jpg/390px-Bm-epic-g.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Bm-epic-g.jpg/520px-Bm-epic-g.jpg 2x" data-file-width="933" data-file-height="1101" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Cuneiform_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Cuneiform script">Cuneiform</a> tablet with the <a href="/wiki/Atra-Hasis" title="Atra-Hasis">Atra-Hasis Epic</a> in the <a href="/wiki/British_Museum" title="British Museum">British Museum</a></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Genre">Genre</h3></div> Scholarly writings frequently refer to Genesis as myth, a <a href="/wiki/Genre" title="Genre">genre</a> of <a href="/wiki/Folklore" title="Folklore">folklore</a> consisting primarily of <a href="/wiki/Narrative" title="Narrative">narratives</a> that play a fundamental role in a society. For scholars, this is in contrast to more vernacular usage of the term "myth" that refers to a belief that is not true. Instead, the veracity of a myth is not a defining criterion.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDeretic2020-16">[12]</a><a href="#cite_note-Hamilton_1990-17">[e]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Authorship_and_dating">Authorship and dating</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Documentary_hypothesis" title="Documentary hypothesis">Documentary hypothesis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Textual_variants_in_the_Hebrew_Bible#Genesis_1" title="Textual variants in the Hebrew Bible">Textual variants in the Hebrew Bible § Genesis 1</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Textual_variants_in_the_Hebrew_Bible#Genesis_2" title="Textual variants in the Hebrew Bible">Textual variants in the Hebrew Bible § Genesis 2</a></div> Although Orthodox Jews and "fundamentalist Christians" attribute the authorship of <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Genesis" title="Book of Genesis">Book of Genesis</a> to <a href="/wiki/Moses" title="Moses">Moses</a> "as a matter of faith," the Mosaic authorship has been questioned since the 11th century, and has been rejected in scholarship since the 17th century.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBaden201213-3">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFriedmanDolansky_Overton2007734-4">[3]</a> Scholars of <a href="/wiki/Biblical_criticism" title="Biblical criticism">biblical criticism</a> conclude that it, together with the following four books (making up what Jews call the <a href="/wiki/Torah" title="Torah">Torah</a> and biblical scholars call the Pentateuch), is "a composite work, the product of many hands and periods."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESpeiser1964xxi-5">[4]</a><a href="#cite_note-two_stories-6">[b]</a> The creation narrative consists of two separate accounts, drawn from different sources.<a href="#cite_note-two_stories-6">[b]</a> The first account, in Genesis 1:1–2:3, is from what scholars call the <a href="/wiki/Priestly_source" title="Priestly source">Priestly source</a> (P), largely dated to the 6th century BCE.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECooganChapman201848-7">[5]</a> The second account, which is older and takes up the rest of Genesis 2, is largely from the <a href="/wiki/Jahwist" title="Jahwist">Jahwist</a> source (J),<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECollins201871-8">[6]</a> commonly dated to the 10th or 9th centuries BCE.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECooganChapman201848-7">[5]</a> The two stories were combined, but there is currently no scholarly consensus on when the narrative reached its final form.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWhybray200141-18">[13]</a> A common hypothesis among biblical scholars today is that the first major comprehensive narrative of the Pentateuch was composed in the 7th or 6th centuries BCE.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDavies200137-11">[8]</a> A sizeable minority of scholars believe that the first eleven chapters of Genesis, also known as the <a href="/wiki/Primeval_history" title="Primeval history">primeval history</a>, can be dated to the 3rd century BCE, based on discontinuities between the contents of the work and other parts of the <a href="/wiki/Hebrew_Bible" title="Hebrew Bible">Hebrew Bible</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGmirkin2006240–241-19">[14]</a> The "Persian imperial authorisation," which has gained considerable interest, although still controversial,[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] proposes that the <a href="/wiki/Persians" title="Persians">Persians</a>, after their <a href="/wiki/Babylon#Persia_captures_Babylon" title="Babylon">conquest of Babylon</a> in 538 BCE, agreed to grant Jerusalem a large measure of local autonomy within the empire, but required the local authorities to produce a single <a href="/wiki/List_of_ancient_legal_codes" title="List of ancient legal codes">law code</a> accepted by the entire community. According to this theory, there were two powerful groups in the community, the priestly families who controlled the Temple, and the landowning families who made up the "elders," which were in conflict over many issues. Each had its own "history of origins," but the Persian promise of greatly increased local autonomy for all provided a powerful incentive to cooperate in producing a single text.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESka2006169,_217–18-20">[15]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Two_stories">Two stories</h3></div> The creation narrative is made up of two stories,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEhrman2021-21">[16]</a><a href="#cite_note-two_stories-6">[b]</a> roughly equivalent to the two first chapters of the Book of Genesis<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAlter1981141-22">[17]</a> (there are no chapter divisions in the original Hebrew text; see "<a href="/wiki/Chapters_and_verses_of_the_Bible" title="Chapters and verses of the Bible">chapters and verses of the Bible</a>"). In the first story, the Creator deity is referred to as "<a href="/wiki/Elohim" title="Elohim">Elohim</a>" (the Hebrew generic word for "<a href="/wiki/God" title="God">god</a>"), whereas in the second story, he is referred to with a composite divine name; "<a href="/wiki/YHWH" class="mw-redirect" title="YHWH">LORD</a> God". Traditional or evangelical scholars such as Collins explain this as a single author's variation in style in order to, for example, emphasize the unity and transcendence of "God" in the first narrative, who created the heavens and the earth by himself.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECollins2006229-23">[18]</a> Critical scholars such as <a href="/wiki/Richard_Elliot_Friedman" class="mw-redirect" title="Richard Elliot Friedman">Richard Elliot Friedman</a>, on the contrary, take this as evidence of multiple authorship. Friedman states that the Jahwist source originally only used the "LORD" (Yahweh) title, but a later editor added "God" to form the composite name: "It therefore appears to be an effort by the Redactor (R) to soften the transition from the P creation, which uses only 'God' (thirty-five times), to the coming J stories, which use only the name YHWH."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECollins2006227-24">[19]</a> The first account (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Genesis%201:1–2:3&version=nrsv">Genesis 1:1–2:3</a>) employs a repetitious structure of divine fiat and fulfillment, then the statement "And there was evening and there was morning, the [nth] day," for each of the six days of creation. In each of the first three days there is an act of division: day one divides the <a href="/wiki/Light_versus_darkness" class="mw-redirect" title="Light versus darkness">darkness from light</a>, day two the "waters above" from the "waters below", and day three the sea from the land. In each of the next three days these divisions are populated: day four populates the darkness and light with Sun, Moon and stars; day five populates seas and skies with fish and fowl; and finally land-based creatures and mankind populate the land.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEvan_Ruiten20009–10-25">[20]</a> In the second story Yahweh creates <a href="/wiki/Adam" title="Adam">Adam</a>, the first man, from dust and places him in the <a href="/wiki/Garden_of_Eden" title="Garden of Eden">Garden of Eden</a>. There he is given dominion over the animals. <a href="/wiki/Eve" title="Eve">Eve</a>, the first woman, is created from Adam's rib as his companion. The primary accounts in each chapter are joined by a literary bridge at <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Genesis%202:4&version=nrsv">Genesis 2:4</a>, "These are the generations of the heavens and of the earth when they were created." This echoes the first line of Genesis 1, "In the beginning God created the heaven and the earth", and is reversed in the next phrase, "...in the day that the LORD God made the earth and the heavens". This verse is one of ten "generations" (<a href="/wiki/Hebrew_language" title="Hebrew language">Hebrew</a>: תולדות toledot) phrases used throughout Genesis, which provide a literary structure to the book.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECross1973301ff-26">[21]</a> They normally function as headings to what comes after, but the position of this, the first of the series, has been the subject of much debate.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThomas201127–28-27">[22]</a> The overlapping stories of Genesis 1 and 2 are usually regarded as contradictory but also complementary,<a href="#cite_note-two_stories-6">[b]</a><a href="#cite_note-Levenson_2004-28">[f]</a> with the first (the Priestly story) concerned with the creation of the entire <a href="/wiki/Cosmos" title="Cosmos">cosmos</a> while the second (the Jahwist story) focuses on man as moral agent and cultivator of his environment.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAlter1981141-22">[17]</a><a href="#cite_note-contradictory_complementary-29">[g]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mesopotamian_influence">Mesopotamian influence</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Marduk_and_the_Dragon.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Marduk_and_the_Dragon.jpg/220px-Marduk_and_the_Dragon.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="158" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Marduk_and_the_Dragon.jpg/330px-Marduk_and_the_Dragon.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Marduk_and_the_Dragon.jpg/440px-Marduk_and_the_Dragon.jpg 2x" data-file-width="579" data-file-height="416" /></a><figcaption>Marduk, god of Babylon, destroying Tiamat, the dragon of primeval chaos</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Panbabylonism" title="Panbabylonism">Panbabylonism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ancient_near_eastern_cosmology" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient near eastern cosmology">Ancient near eastern cosmology</a></div> <a href="/wiki/Comparative_mythology" title="Comparative mythology">Comparative mythology</a> provides historical and cross-cultural perspectives for <a href="/wiki/Jewish_mythology" title="Jewish mythology">Jewish mythology</a>. Both sources behind the Genesis creation narrative were influenced by <a href="/wiki/Mesopotamian_mythology" title="Mesopotamian mythology">Mesopotamian mythology</a>,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELambert_1965-30">[23]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESarna199750-12">[9]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELevenson20049-31">[24]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKlammWinitzer2023-13">[10]</a> borrowing several themes from them but adapting them to <a href="/wiki/God_in_Judaism" title="God in Judaism">their belief in one God</a>,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESarna199750-12">[9]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKlammWinitzer2023-13">[10]</a><a href="#cite_note-Mesopotamian_mythology-14">[d]</a> establishing a monotheistic creation in opposition to the polytheistic creation myth of <a href="/wiki/History_of_ancient_Israel_and_Judah" title="History of ancient Israel and Judah">ancient Israel's</a> neighbors.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELeeming2004-32">[25]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESmith2001-33">[26]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">page needed</a>]<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKlammWinitzer2023-13">[10]</a><a href="#cite_note-balancing_act-34">[h]</a> Genesis 1 bears striking similarities and differences with <a href="/wiki/Enuma_Elish" class="mw-redirect" title="Enuma Elish">Enuma Elish</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Babylonian_mythology" class="mw-redirect" title="Babylonian mythology">Babylonian creation myth</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELevenson20049-31">[24]</a> The myth begins with two primeval entities: <a href="/wiki/Apsu" class="mw-redirect" title="Apsu">Apsu</a>, the male freshwater deity, and <a href="/wiki/Tiamat" title="Tiamat">Tiamat</a>, the female saltwater deity. The first gods were born from their sexual union. Both Apsu and Tiamat were killed by the younger gods. <a href="/wiki/Marduk" title="Marduk">Marduk</a>, the leader of the gods, builds the world with Tiamat's body, which he splits in two. With one half, he builds a dome-shaped <a href="/wiki/Firmament" title="Firmament">firmament</a> in the sky to hold back Tiamat's upper waters. With the other half, Marduk forms dry land to hold back her lower waters. Marduk then organises the heavenly bodies and assigns tasks to the gods in maintaining the cosmos. When the gods complain about their work, Marduk creates humans out of the blood of the god <a href="/wiki/Kingu" title="Kingu">Kingu</a>. The grateful gods build a temple for Marduk in <a href="/wiki/Babylon" title="Babylon">Babylon</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHayes201229–33-35">[27]</a> This is similar to the <a href="/wiki/Baal_Cycle" title="Baal Cycle">Baal Cycle</a>, in which the Canaanite god <a href="/wiki/Baal" title="Baal">Baal</a> builds himself a cosmic temple over seven days.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESmithPitard2008615-36">[28]</a> In both Genesis 1 and Enuma Elish, creation consists of bringing order out of <a href="/wiki/Chaos_(cosmogony)" title="Chaos (cosmogony)">chaos</a>. Before creation, there was nothing but a <a href="/wiki/Cosmic_ocean" title="Cosmic ocean">cosmic ocean</a>. During creation, a dome-shaped firmament is put in place to hold back the water and make Earth habitable.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECooganChapman201834-37">[29]</a> Both conclude with the creation of a human called "man" and the building of a temple for the god (in Genesis 1, this temple is the entire cosmos).<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcDermott200225–27-38">[30]</a> In contrast to Enuma Elish, Genesis 1 is monotheistic. There is no <a href="/wiki/Theogony" title="Theogony">theogony</a> (account of God's origins), and there is no trace of the resistance to the reduction of chaos to order (Greek: <a href="/wiki/Theomachy" title="Theomachy">theomachy</a>, lit. "God-fighting"), all of which mark the Mesopotamian creation accounts.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESarna199750-12">[9]</a> The gods in Enuma Elish are <a href="/wiki/Amorality" title="Amorality">amoral</a>, they have limited powers, and they create humans to be their <a href="/wiki/Slaves" class="mw-redirect" title="Slaves">slaves</a>. In Genesis 1, however, God is all powerful. He creates humans in the divine image, and cares for their wellbeing,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHayes201233_&_35-39">[31]</a> and gives them dominion over every living thing.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECooganChapman201835-40">[32]</a> Enuma Elish has also left traces on Genesis 2. Both begin with a series of statements of what did not exist at the moment when creation began; Enuma Elish has a spring (in the sea) as the point where creation begins, paralleling the spring (on the land – Genesis 2 is notable for being a "dry" creation story) in <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Genesis%202:6&version=nrsv">Genesis 2:6</a> that "watered the whole face of the ground"; in both myths, Yahweh/the gods first create a man to serve him/them, then animals and vegetation. At the same time, and as with Genesis 1, the Jewish version has drastically changed its Babylonian model: Eve, for example, seems to fill the role of a <a href="/wiki/Mother_goddess" title="Mother goddess">mother goddess</a> when, in <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Genesis%204:1&version=nrsv">Genesis 4:1</a>, she says that she has "created a man with Yahweh", but she is not a divine being like her Babylonian counterpart.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVan_Seters1992122–24-41">[33]</a> Genesis 2 has close parallels with a second Mesopotamian myth, the <a href="/wiki/Atra-Hasis" title="Atra-Hasis">Atra-Hasis</a> epic – parallels that in fact extend throughout <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Genesis%202–11&version=nrsv">Genesis 2–11</a>, from the Creation to the <a href="/wiki/Noah%27s_ark" class="mw-redirect" title="Noah's ark">Flood</a> and its aftermath. The two share numerous plot-details (e.g. the divine garden and the role of the first man in the garden, the creation of the man from a mixture of earth and divine substance, the chance of <a href="/wiki/Immortality" title="Immortality">immortality</a>, etc.), and have a similar overall theme: the gradual clarification of man's relationship with God(s) and animals.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECarr1996242–248-42">[34]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cosmology">Cosmology</h3></div> Genesis 1–2 reflects ancient ideas about science: in the words of <a href="/wiki/E.A._Speiser" class="mw-redirect" title="E.A. Speiser">E.A. Speiser</a>, "on the subject of creation biblical tradition aligned itself with the traditional tenets of Babylonian science."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESeidman2010166-43">[35]</a> The opening words of Genesis 1, "In the beginning God created the heavens and the earth", sum up the belief of the author(s) that <a href="/wiki/Yahweh" title="Yahweh">Yahweh</a>, the god of Israel, was solely responsible for creation and had no rivals.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWright200253-44">[36]</a> Later Jewish thinkers, adopting ideas from <a href="/wiki/Greek_philosophy" class="mw-redirect" title="Greek philosophy">Greek philosophy</a>, concluded that <a href="/wiki/Wisdom_of_God" class="mw-redirect" title="Wisdom of God">God's Wisdom</a>, <a href="/wiki/Logos" title="Logos">Word</a> and <a href="/wiki/Holy_Spirit_(Judaism)" class="mw-redirect" title="Holy Spirit (Judaism)">Spirit</a> penetrated all things and gave them unity.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKaiser199728-45">[37]</a> Christianity in turn adopted these ideas and identified <a href="/wiki/Jesus" title="Jesus">Jesus</a> with the <a href="/wiki/Logos_(Christianity)" title="Logos (Christianity)">creative word</a>: "In the beginning was the Word, and the Word was with God, and the Word was God" (<a href="/wiki/John_1:1" title="John 1:1">John 1:1</a>).<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEParrish1990183–84-46">[38]</a> When the Jews came into contact with Greek thought, there followed a major reinterpretation of the underlying cosmology of the Genesis narrative. The biblical authors conceived the cosmos as a flat disc-shaped Earth in the centre, an underworld for the dead below, and heaven above.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAune2003119-47">[39]</a> Below the Earth were the "waters of chaos", the cosmic sea, home to mythic monsters defeated and slain by God; in Exodus 20:4, God warns against making an image "of anything that is in the waters under the earth".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWright200253-44">[36]</a> There were also waters above the Earth, and so the raqia (<a href="/wiki/Firmament" title="Firmament">firmament</a>), a solid bowl, was necessary to keep them from flooding the world.<a href="#cite_note-48">[40]</a> During the <a href="/wiki/Hellenistic_period" title="Hellenistic period">Hellenistic period</a>, this was largely replaced by a more "scientific" model as imagined by Greek philosophers, according to which the Earth was a sphere at the centre of concentric shells of celestial spheres containing the Sun, Moon, stars and planets.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAune2003119-47">[39]</a> The idea that God created the world out of nothing (creatio <a href="/wiki/Ex_nihilo" class="mw-redirect" title="Ex nihilo">ex nihilo</a>) has become central today to Islam, Christianity, and Judaism – indeed, the medieval Jewish philosopher <a href="/wiki/Maimonides" title="Maimonides">Maimonides</a> felt it was the only concept that the three religions shared<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESoskice201024-49">[41]</a> – yet it is not found directly in Genesis, nor in the entire Hebrew Bible.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENebe2002119-50">[42]</a> According to Walton, the Priestly authors of Genesis 1 were concerned not with the origins of matter (the material which God formed into the habitable cosmos), but with assigning roles so that the Cosmos should function.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWalton2006183-51">[43]</a> John Day, however, considers that Genesis 1 clearly provides an account of the creation of the material universe.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDay20144-52">[44]</a> Even so, the doctrine had not yet been fully developed in the early 2nd century AD, although early Christian scholars were beginning to see a tension between the idea of world-formation and the omnipotence of God; by the beginning of the 3rd century this tension was resolved, world-formation was overcome, and creation ex nihilo had become a fundamental tenet of Christian theology.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMay2004179-53">[45]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Alternative_biblical_creation_accounts">Alternative biblical creation accounts</h3></div> The Genesis narratives are not the only biblical creation accounts. The Bible preserves two contrasting models of creation. The first is the "<a href="/wiki/Logos" title="Logos">logos</a>" (speech) model, where a supreme God "speaks" dormant matter into existence. Genesis 1 is an example of creation by speech.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFishbane200334–35-54">[46]</a> The second is the "<a href="/wiki/Agon" title="Agon">agon</a>" (struggle or combat) model, in which it is God's victory in battle over the monsters of the sea that mark his sovereignty and might.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFishbane200335-55">[47]</a> There is no complete combat myth preserved in the Bible. However, there are fragmentary allusions to such a myth in <a href="/wiki/Isaiah_27#Verse_1" title="Isaiah 27">Isaiah 27:1</a>, <a href="/wiki/Isaiah_51#Awake,_awake!" title="Isaiah 51">Isaiah 51:9–10</a>, <a href="/wiki/Job_26#Job_praises_God's_majestic_power_(26:5–14)" title="Job 26">Job 26:12–13</a>. These passages describe how God defeated the forces of chaos. These forces are <a href="/wiki/Personified" class="mw-redirect" title="Personified">personified</a> as <a href="/wiki/Sea_monsters" class="mw-redirect" title="Sea monsters">sea monsters</a>. These monsters are variously named <a href="/wiki/Yam_(god)" title="Yam (god)">Yam</a> (Sea), Nahar (River), <a href="/wiki/Leviathan" title="Leviathan">Leviathan</a> (Coiled One), <a href="/wiki/Rahab_(term)" title="Rahab (term)">Rahab</a> (Arrogant One), and <a href="/wiki/Tannin_(monster)" title="Tannin (monster)">Tannin</a> (Dragon).<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESarna19662-56">[48]</a> <a href="/wiki/Psalm_74" title="Psalm 74">Psalm 74</a> and Isaiah 51 recall a <a href="/wiki/Canaanite_mythology" class="mw-redirect" title="Canaanite mythology">Canaanite myth</a> in which God creates the world by vanquishing the water deities: "Awake, awake! ... It was you that hacked Rahab in pieces, that pierced the Dragon! It was you that dried up the Sea, the waters of the great Deep, that made the abysses of the Sea a road that the redeemed might walk..."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHutton2007274-57">[49]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="First_narrative:_Genesis_1:1–2:3">First narrative: Genesis 1:1–2:3</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Europe_a_Prophecy,_copy_D,_object_1_(Bentley_1,_Erdman_i,_Keynes_i)_British_Museum.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Europe_a_Prophecy%2C_copy_D%2C_object_1_%28Bentley_1%2C_Erdman_i%2C_Keynes_i%29_British_Museum.jpg/220px-Europe_a_Prophecy%2C_copy_D%2C_object_1_%28Bentley_1%2C_Erdman_i%2C_Keynes_i%29_British_Museum.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="304" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Europe_a_Prophecy%2C_copy_D%2C_object_1_%28Bentley_1%2C_Erdman_i%2C_Keynes_i%29_British_Museum.jpg/330px-Europe_a_Prophecy%2C_copy_D%2C_object_1_%28Bentley_1%2C_Erdman_i%2C_Keynes_i%29_British_Museum.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Europe_a_Prophecy%2C_copy_D%2C_object_1_%28Bentley_1%2C_Erdman_i%2C_Keynes_i%29_British_Museum.jpg/440px-Europe_a_Prophecy%2C_copy_D%2C_object_1_%28Bentley_1%2C_Erdman_i%2C_Keynes_i%29_British_Museum.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2975" data-file-height="4109" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/The_Ancient_of_Days" title="The Ancient of Days">The Ancient of Days</a> by <a href="/wiki/William_Blake" title="William Blake">William Blake</a> (Copy D, 1794)</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Background">Background</h3></div> The first creation account is divided into seven days during which God creates light (day 1); the sky (day 2); the earth, seas, and vegetation (day 3); the sun and moon (day 4); animals of the air and sea (day 5); and land animals and humans (day 6). God rested from his work on the seventh day of creation, the <a href="/wiki/Sabbath" title="Sabbath">Sabbath</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESarna19661–2-58">[50]</a> The use of numbers in ancient texts was often <a href="/wiki/Significance_of_numbers_in_Judaism" title="Significance of numbers in Judaism">numerological</a> rather than factual – that is, the numbers were used because they held some symbolic value to the author.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHyers198474-59">[51]</a> The number seven, denoting divine completion, permeates Genesis 1: verse 1:1 consists of seven words, verse 1:2 has fourteen, and 2:1–3 has 35 words (5×7); Elohim is mentioned 35 times, "heaven/firmament" and "earth" 21 times each, and the phrases "and it was so" and "God saw that it was good" occur 7 times each.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWenham19876-60">[52]</a> The cosmos created in Genesis 1 bears a striking resemblance to the <a href="/wiki/Tabernacle" title="Tabernacle">Tabernacle</a> in <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt0235.htm#1">Exodus 35–40</a>, which was the prototype of the <a href="/wiki/Temple_in_Jerusalem" title="Temple in Jerusalem">Temple in Jerusalem</a> and the focus of priestly worship of <a href="/wiki/Yahweh" title="Yahweh">Yahweh</a>; for this reason, and because other Middle Eastern creation stories also climax with the construction of a temple/house for the <a href="/wiki/Creator_god" class="mw-redirect" title="Creator god">creator god</a>, Genesis 1 can be interpreted as a description of the construction of the cosmos as God's house, for which the Temple in Jerusalem served as the earthly representative.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELevenson200413-61">[53]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pre-creation_(Genesis_1:1–2)">Pre-creation (Genesis 1:1–2)</h3></div> <dl><dd>1 In the beginning God [<a href="/wiki/Elohim" title="Elohim">Elohim</a>]<a href="#cite_note-62">[i]</a> created the heaven and the earth.</dd> <dd>2 And the earth was without form, and void; and darkness was upon the face of the deep. And the Spirit [<a href="/wiki/Ruach" class="mw-redirect" title="Ruach">ruach</a>] of God moved upon the face of the waters.<a href="#cite_note-63">[54]</a></dd></dl> The opening phrase of <a href="/wiki/Genesis_1:1" title="Genesis 1:1">Genesis 1:1</a> is traditionally translated in English as "<a href="/wiki/In_the_beginning_(phrase)" title="In the beginning (phrase)">in the beginning</a> God created".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWalton200169-64">[55]</a> This translation suggests <a href="/wiki/Creatio_ex_nihilo" title="Creatio ex nihilo">creatio ex nihilo</a> ('creation from nothing').<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELongman2005103-65">[56]</a> The Hebrew, however, is ambiguous and can be translated in other ways.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBandstra200838–39-66">[57]</a> The <a href="/wiki/NRSV" class="mw-redirect" title="NRSV">NRSV</a> translates verses 1 and 2 as, "In the beginning when God created the heavens and the earth, the earth was a formless void ..." This translation suggests that earth, in some way, already existed when God began his creative activity.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELongman2005102–103-67">[58]</a> Biblical scholars <a href="/wiki/John_Day_(biblical_scholar)" title="John Day (biblical scholar)">John Day</a> and <a href="/wiki/David_Toshio_Tsumura" title="David Toshio Tsumura">David Toshio Tsumura</a> argue that Genesis 1:1 describes the initial creation of the universe, the former writing: "Since the inchoate earth and the heavens in the sense of the air/wind were already in existence in Gen. 1:2, it is most natural to assume that Gen. 1:1 refers to God's creative act in making them."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDay20215–6-68">[59]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETsumura2022489-69">[60]</a> Other scholars such as <a href="/wiki/R._N._Whybray" title="R. N. Whybray">R. N. Whybray</a>, <a href="/wiki/Christine_Hayes" title="Christine Hayes">Christine Hayes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Michael_Coogan" title="Michael Coogan">Michael Coogan</a>, Cynthia Chapman, and <a href="/wiki/John_H._Walton" title="John H. Walton">John H. Walton</a> argue that Genesis 1:1 describes the creation of an ordered universe out of preexisting, <a href="/wiki/Chaos_(cosmogony)" title="Chaos (cosmogony)">chaotic</a> material.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHayes201237-70">[61]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECooganChapman201830-71">[62]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWalton200172-72">[63]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWhybray200143-73">[64]</a> The word "created" translates the Hebrew bara', a word used only for God's creative activity; people do not engage in bara'.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWhybray200142-74">[65]</a> Walton argues that bara' does not necessarily refer to the creation of matter. In the <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Near_East" title="Ancient Near East">ancient Near East</a>, "to create" meant assigning roles and functions. The bara' which God performs in Genesis 1 concerns bringing "heaven and earth" from chaos into ordered existence.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWalton2006183–184-75">[66]</a> Day disputes Walton's functional interpretation of the creation narrative. Day argues that material creation is the "only natural way of taking the text" and that this interpretation was the only one for most of history.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDay20144-52">[44]</a> Most interpreters consider the phrase "heaven and earth" to be a <a href="/wiki/Merism" title="Merism">merism</a> meaning the entire cosmos.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWalton2001728,_note_17-76">[67]</a> Genesis 1:2 describes the earth as "formless and void". This phrase is a translation of the Hebrew <a href="/wiki/Tohu_wa-bohu" title="Tohu wa-bohu">tohu wa-bohu</a> (תֹהוּ וָבֹהוּ).<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWhybray200142–43-77">[68]</a> Tohu by itself means "emptiness, futility". It is used to describe the desert wilderness. Bohu has no known meaning, although it appears to be related to the <a href="/wiki/Arabic" title="Arabic">Arabic</a> word bahiya ("to be empty"),<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDay20148-78">[69]</a> and was apparently coined to rhyme with and reinforce tohu.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAlter200417-79">[70]</a> The phrase appears also in <a href="/wiki/Jeremiah_4#Verse_23" title="Jeremiah 4">Jeremiah 4:23</a> where the prophet warns <a href="/wiki/History_of_ancient_Israel_and_Judah" title="History of ancient Israel and Judah">Israel</a> that rebellion against God will lead to the return of darkness and chaos, "as if the earth had been 'uncreated'".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThompson1980230-80">[71]</a> Verse 2 continues, "darkness was upon the face of the deep". The word deep translates the Hebrew <a href="/wiki/Tehom" title="Tehom">təhôm</a> (תְהוֹם), a <a href="/wiki/Primordial_ocean" class="mw-redirect" title="Primordial ocean">primordial ocean</a>. Darkness and təhôm are two further elements of chaos in addition to tohu wa-bohu. In Enuma Elish, the watery deep is personified as the goddess <a href="/wiki/Tiamat" title="Tiamat">Tiamat</a>, the enemy of <a href="/wiki/Marduk" title="Marduk">Marduk</a>. In Genesis, however, there is no such personification. The elements of chaos are not seen as evil but as indications that God has not begun his creative work.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWalton200173–74-81">[72]</a> Verse 2 concludes with, "And the ruach of God [Elohim] moved upon the face of the waters." There are several options for translating the Hebrew word ruach (רוּחַ). It could mean "breath", "wind", or "spirit" in different contexts. The traditional translation is "spirit of God".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBlenkinsopp201133-82">[73]</a> In the Hebrew Bible, the spirit of God is understood to be an extension of God's power. The term is analogous to saying the "hand of the Lord" (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=2%20Kings%203:15&version=nrsv">2 Kings 3:15</a>). Historically, Christian theologians supported "spirit" as it provided biblical support for the presence of the <a href="/wiki/Holy_Spirit_in_Christianity" title="Holy Spirit in Christianity">Holy Spirit</a>, the third person of the <a href="/wiki/Trinity" title="Trinity">Trinity</a>, at creation.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWalton200176–77-83">[74]</a> Other interpreters argue for translating ruach as "wind". For example, the NRSV renders it "wind from God".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWhybray200143-73">[64]</a> Likewise, the word elohim can sometimes function as a superlative adjective (such as "mighty" or "great"). The phrase ruach elohim may therefore mean "great wind". The connection between wind and watery chaos is also seen in the <a href="/wiki/Genesis_flood_narrative" title="Genesis flood narrative">Genesis flood narrative</a>, where God uses wind to make the waters subside in Genesis 8:1.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBlenkinsopp201133–34-84">[75]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWalton200174–75-85">[76]</a> In Enuma Elish, the storm god Marduk defeats Tiamat with his wind. While stories of a cosmic battle prior to creation were familiar to ancient Israelites <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1033199720">.mw-parser-output div.crossreference{padding-left:0}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951">(see <a href="#Alternative_biblical_creation_accounts">above</a>), there is no such battle in Genesis 1 though the text includes the primeval ocean and references to God's wind. Instead, Genesis 1 depicts a single God whose power is uncontested and who brings order out of chaos.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHayes201238–39-86">[77]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Six_days_of_Creation_(1:3–2:3)">Six days of Creation (1:3–2:3)</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Heures_de_Louis_de_Laval_-_BNF_Lat920_f2r_(Dieu_cr%C3%A9ateur_de_la_terre).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Heures_de_Louis_de_Laval_-_BNF_Lat920_f2r_%28Dieu_cr%C3%A9ateur_de_la_terre%29.jpg/220px-Heures_de_Louis_de_Laval_-_BNF_Lat920_f2r_%28Dieu_cr%C3%A9ateur_de_la_terre%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="306" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Heures_de_Louis_de_Laval_-_BNF_Lat920_f2r_%28Dieu_cr%C3%A9ateur_de_la_terre%29.jpg/330px-Heures_de_Louis_de_Laval_-_BNF_Lat920_f2r_%28Dieu_cr%C3%A9ateur_de_la_terre%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Heures_de_Louis_de_Laval_-_BNF_Lat920_f2r_%28Dieu_cr%C3%A9ateur_de_la_terre%29.jpg/440px-Heures_de_Louis_de_Laval_-_BNF_Lat920_f2r_%28Dieu_cr%C3%A9ateur_de_la_terre%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4240" data-file-height="5888" /></a><figcaption>The first day of creation, by <a href="/wiki/Jean_Colombe" title="Jean Colombe">Jean Colombe</a> from the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Heures_de_Louis_de_Laval&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Heures de Louis de Laval (page does not exist)">Heures de Louis de Laval</a> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heures_de_Louis_de_Laval" class="extiw" title="fr:Heures de Louis de Laval">fr</a>] (see <a href="/wiki/Louis_de_Laval" title="Louis de Laval">Louis de Laval</a>)</figcaption></figure> Creation takes place over six days. The creative acts are arranged so that the first three days set up the environments necessary for the creations of the last three days to thrive. For example, God creates light on the first day and the light-producing heavenly bodies on the fourth day.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECooganChapman201830-71">[62]</a> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Days of Creation<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECooganChapman201830-71">[62]</a> </caption> <tbody><tr> <td>Day 1 </td> <td>light </td> <td>Day 4 </td> <td>celestial bodies </td></tr> <tr> <td>Day 2 </td> <td>sea and firmament </td> <td>Day 5 </td> <td>birds and fish </td></tr> <tr> <td>Day 3 </td> <td>land and plants </td> <td>Day 6 </td> <td>land animals and humans </td></tr></tbody></table> Each day follows a similar literary pattern:<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEArnold199823-87">[78]</a> <ol><li>Introduction: "And God said"</li> <li>Command: "Let there be"</li> <li>Report: "And it was so"</li> <li>Evaluation: "And God saw that it was good"</li> <li>Time sequence: "And there was evening, and there was morning"</li></ol> Verse 31 sums up all of creation with, "God saw every thing that He had made, and, indeed, it was very good". According to biblical scholar <a href="/wiki/R._N._Whybray" title="R. N. Whybray">R. N. Whybray</a>, "This is the craftsman's assessment of his own work ... It does not necessarily have an ethical connotation: it is not mankind that is said to be 'good', but God's work as craftsman."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWhybray200142-74">[65]</a> At the end of the sixth day, when creation is complete, the world is a cosmic temple in which the role of humanity is the worship of God. This parallels Enuma Elish and also echoes <a href="/wiki/Job_38" title="Job 38">Job 38</a>, where God recalls how the stars, the "<a href="/wiki/Sons_of_God" title="Sons of God">sons of God</a>", sang when the corner-stone of creation was laid.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBlenkinsopp201121–22-88">[79]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="First_day_(1:3–5)">First day (1:3–5)</h4></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"> 3 And God said: 'Let there be light.' And there was light. 4 And God saw the light, that it was good; and God divided the light from the darkness. 5 And God called the light Day, and the darkness He called Night. And there was evening and there was morning, one day.<a href="#cite_note-89">[80]</a></blockquote> The process of creation illustrates God's sovereignty and <a href="/wiki/Omnipotence" title="Omnipotence">omnipotence</a>. God creates by fiat; things come into existence by divine decree.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEArnold199826-90">[81]</a> Like a king, God has merely to speak for things to happen.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBandstra200839-91">[82]</a> On day one, God creates light and separates the light from the darkness. Then he names them.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWhybray200143-73">[64]</a> God therefore creates time.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWalton200179-92">[83]</a> Creation by speech is not found in Mesopotamian mythology, but it is present in some <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egyptian_creation_myths" title="Ancient Egyptian creation myths">ancient Egyptian creation myths</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWalton2003158-93">[84]</a> While some Egyptian accounts have a god creating the world by sneezing or masturbating, the <a href="/wiki/Memphite_Theology" class="mw-redirect" title="Memphite Theology">Memphite Theology</a> has <a href="/wiki/Ptah" title="Ptah">Ptah</a> create by speech.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELongman200574-94">[85]</a> In Genesis, creative acts begin with speech and are finalized with naming. This has parallels in other ancient Near Eastern cultures. In the Memphite Theology, the creator god names everything. Similarly, Enuma Elish begins when heaven, earth, and the gods were unnamed. Walton writes, "In this way of thinking, things did not exist unless they were named."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWalton2003158-93">[84]</a> According to biblical scholar <a href="/wiki/Nahum_Sarna" class="mw-redirect" title="Nahum Sarna">Nahum Sarna</a>, this similarity is "wholly superficial" because in other ancient narratives creation by speech involves <a href="/wiki/Magic_(supernatural)" title="Magic (supernatural)">magic</a>:<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESarna196612-95">[86]</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote">The pronouncement of the right word, like the performance of the right magical actions, is able to, or rather, inevitably must, actualize the potentialities which are inherent in the inert matter. In other words, it implies a mystic bond uniting matter to its manipulator ... Worlds apart is the Genesis concept of creation by divine fiat. Notice how the Bible passes over in absolute silence the nature of the matter—if any—upon which the divine word acted creatively. Its presence or absence is of no importance, for there is no tie between it and God. "Let there be!" or, as the Psalmist echoed it, "He spoke and it was so," [Psalm 33:9] refers not to the utterance of the magic word, but to the expression of the omnipotent, sovereign, unchallengeable will of the absolute, transcendent God to whom all nature is completely subservient.</blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Second_day_(1:6–8)">Second day (1:6–8)</h4></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Early_Hebrew_Conception_of_the_Universe.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Early_Hebrew_Conception_of_the_Universe.svg/220px-Early_Hebrew_Conception_of_the_Universe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Early_Hebrew_Conception_of_the_Universe.svg/330px-Early_Hebrew_Conception_of_the_Universe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Early_Hebrew_Conception_of_the_Universe.svg/440px-Early_Hebrew_Conception_of_the_Universe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="777" data-file-height="777" /></a><figcaption>Ancient Israelites and other Near Eastern people understood the world to be surrounded by water. The upper waters are contained by a solid dome or firmament (the sky). The dome was supported by mountains.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECooganChapman201831-96">[87]</a></figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"> 6 And God said: 'Let there be a firmament in the midst of the waters, and let it divide the waters from the waters.' 7 And God made the firmament, and divided the waters which were under the firmament from the waters which were above the firmament; and it was so. 8 And God called the firmament Heaven. And there was evening and there was morning, a second day.<a href="#cite_note-97">[88]</a></blockquote> On day two, God creates the <a href="/wiki/Firmament" title="Firmament">firmament</a> (rāqîa), which is named šamayim ('sky' or 'heaven'),<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWalton2001111-98">[89]</a> to divide the waters. Water was a "primal generative force" in pagan mythologies. In Genesis, however, the primeval ocean possesses no powers and is completely at God's command.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESarna196613-99">[90]</a> Rāqîa is derived from rāqa', the verb used for the act of beating metal into thin plates.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHamilton1990122-100">[91]</a> Ancient people throughout the world believed the sky was solid, and the firmament in Genesis 1 was understood to be a solid dome.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESeeley1991228_&_235-101">[92]</a> In <a href="/wiki/Ancient_near_eastern_cosmology" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient near eastern cosmology">ancient near eastern cosmology</a>, the earth is a <a href="/wiki/Flat_Earth" title="Flat Earth">flat disc</a> surrounded by the waters above and the waters below. The firmament is a solid dome that rests on mountains at the edges of the earth. It is transparent, allowing men to see the blue of the waters above with "windows" to allow rain to fall. The sun, moon and stars are underneath the firmament. Deep within the earth is the <a href="/wiki/Underworld" title="Underworld">underworld</a> or <a href="/wiki/Sheol" title="Sheol">Sheol</a>. The earth is supported by pillars sunk into the waters below.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKnight1990175-102">[93]</a> The waters above are the source of precipitation, so the function of the rāqîa was to control or regulate the weather.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWalton2001112–113-103">[94]</a> In the <a href="/wiki/Genesis_flood_narrative" title="Genesis flood narrative">Genesis flood narrative</a>, "all the fountains of the great deep burst forth" from the waters beneath the earth and from the "windows" of the sky.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWenham2003a29-104">[95]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Third_day_(1:9–13)">Third day (1:9–13)</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"> And God said: 'Let the waters under the heaven be gathered together unto one place, and let the dry land appear.' And it was so. 10 And God called the dry land Earth, and the gathering together of the waters called He Seas; and God saw that it was good. 11 And God said: 'Let the earth put forth grass, herb yielding seed, and fruit-tree bearing fruit after its kind, wherein is the seed thereof, upon the earth.' And it was so. 12 And the earth brought forth grass, herb yielding seed after its kind, and tree bearing fruit, wherein is the seed thereof, after its kind; and God saw that it was good. 13 And there was evening and there was morning, a third day.<a href="#cite_note-105">[96]</a></blockquote> By the end of the third day God has created a foundational environment of light, heavens, seas and earth.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBandstra200841-106">[97]</a> God does not create or make trees and plants, but instead commands the earth to produce them. The underlying theological meaning seems to be that God has given the previously barren earth the ability to produce vegetation, and it now does so at his command. "According to (one's) kind" appears to look forward to the laws found later in the Pentateuch, which lay great stress on holiness through separation.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKissling2004106-107">[98]</a> In the first three days, God set up time, climate, and vegetation, all necessary for the proper functioning of the cosmos. For ancient peoples living in an <a href="/wiki/Agrarian_society" title="Agrarian society">agrarian society</a>, climatic or agricultural disasters could cause widespread suffering through famine. Nevertheless, Genesis 1 describes God's original creation as "good"—the natural world was not originally a threat to human survival.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWalton2001115–116-108">[99]</a> The three levels of the cosmos are next populated in the same order in which they were created—heavens, sea, earth. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Fourth_day_(1:14–19)">Fourth day (1:14–19)</h4></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Creation_-_Bible_Historiale_(c.1411),_vol.1,_f.3_-_BL_Royal_MS_19_D_III.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/The_Creation_-_Bible_Historiale_%28c.1411%29%2C_vol.1%2C_f.3_-_BL_Royal_MS_19_D_III.jpg/220px-The_Creation_-_Bible_Historiale_%28c.1411%29%2C_vol.1%2C_f.3_-_BL_Royal_MS_19_D_III.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="296" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/The_Creation_-_Bible_Historiale_%28c.1411%29%2C_vol.1%2C_f.3_-_BL_Royal_MS_19_D_III.jpg/330px-The_Creation_-_Bible_Historiale_%28c.1411%29%2C_vol.1%2C_f.3_-_BL_Royal_MS_19_D_III.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/The_Creation_-_Bible_Historiale_%28c.1411%29%2C_vol.1%2C_f.3_-_BL_Royal_MS_19_D_III.jpg/440px-The_Creation_-_Bible_Historiale_%28c.1411%29%2C_vol.1%2C_f.3_-_BL_Royal_MS_19_D_III.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1067" data-file-height="1435" /></a><figcaption>The Creation – <a href="/wiki/Bible_Historiale" title="Bible Historiale">Bible Historiale</a> (c. 1411)</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"> 14 And God said: 'Let there be lights in the firmament of the heaven to divide the day from the night; and let them be for signs, and for seasons, and for days and years; 15 and let them be for lights in the firmament of the heaven to give light upon the earth.' And it was so. 16 And God made the two great lights: the greater light to rule the day, and the lesser light to rule the night; and the stars. 17 And God set them in the firmament of the heaven to give light upon the earth, 18 and to rule over the day and over the night, and to divide the light from the darkness; and God saw that it was good. 19 And there was evening and there was morning, a fourth day.<a href="#cite_note-109">[100]</a></blockquote> On the first day, God makes light (Hebrew:'ôr). On the fourth day, God makes "lights" or "lamps" (Hebrew:mā'ôr) set in the firmament.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWalsh200137_(footnote_5)-110">[101]</a> This is the same word used elsewhere in the Pentateuch for the lampstand or <a href="/wiki/Temple_menorah" title="Temple menorah">menorah</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Tabernacle" title="Tabernacle">Tabernacle</a>, another reference to the cosmos being a temple.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWalton2001124-111">[102]</a> Specifically, God creates the "greater light", the "lesser light", and the stars. According to <a href="/wiki/Victor_P._Hamilton" title="Victor P. Hamilton">Victor Hamilton</a>, most scholars agree that the choice of "greater light" and "lesser light", rather than the more explicit "sun" and "moon", is anti-mythological rhetoric intended to contradict widespread contemporary beliefs in <a href="/wiki/Solar_deity" title="Solar deity">sun</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lunar_deity" title="Lunar deity">moon deities</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHamilton1990127-112">[103]</a> Indeed, <a href="/wiki/Rashi" title="Rashi">Rashi</a> posits that the account of the fourth day reveals that the sun and the moon operate only according to the will of God, and so demonstrates that it is foolish to worship them.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECollins200657-113">[104]</a> On day four, the language of "ruling" is introduced. The heavenly bodies will "govern" day and night and mark seasons, years and days. This was a matter of crucial importance to the <a href="/wiki/Priestly_source" title="Priestly source">Priestly authors</a>, as the <a href="/wiki/Three_Pilgrimage_Festivals" title="Three Pilgrimage Festivals">three pilgrimage festivals</a> were organised around the cycles of both the sun and moon in a <a href="/wiki/Lunisolar_calendar" title="Lunisolar calendar">lunisolar calendar</a> that could have either 12 or 13 months.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBandstra200841–42-114">[105]</a> In Genesis 1:17, the stars are set in the firmament. In Babylonian myth, the heavens were made of various precious stones with the stars engraved in their surface (compare Exodus 24:10 where the elders of Israel see God on the sapphire floor of heaven).<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWalton2003158–59-115">[106]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Fifth_day_(1:20–23)">Fifth day (1:20–23)</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote">And God said: 'Let the waters swarm with swarms of living creatures, and let fowl fly above the earth in the open firmament of heaven.' 21 And God created the great sea-monsters, and every living creature that creepeth, wherewith the waters swarmed, after its kind, and every winged fowl after its kind; and God saw that it was good. 22 And God blessed them, saying: 'Be fruitful, and multiply, and fill the waters in the seas, and let fowl multiply in the earth.' 23 And there was evening and there was morning, a fifth day.<a href="#cite_note-116">[107]</a></blockquote> On day five, God creates animals of the sea and air. In Genesis 1:20, the Hebrew term nepeš ḥayya ('living creatures') is first used. They are of higher status than all that has been created before this, and they receive God's <a href="/wiki/Blessing" title="Blessing">blessing</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWhybray200143-73">[64]</a> The Hebrew word <a href="/wiki/Tannin_(monster)" title="Tannin (monster)">tannin</a> (translated as "sea creatures" or "sea monsters") in Genesis 1:21 is used elsewhere in the Bible in reference to <a href="/wiki/Chaos_(cosmogony)#Chaoskampf" title="Chaos (cosmogony)">chaos-monsters</a> named <a href="/wiki/Rahab_(term)" title="Rahab (term)">Rahab</a> and <a href="/wiki/Leviathan" title="Leviathan">Leviathan</a> (<a href="/wiki/Psalm_74" title="Psalm 74">Psalm 74</a>:13, <a href="/wiki/Isaiah_27" title="Isaiah 27">Isaiah 27</a>:1 and <a href="/wiki/Isaiah_51" title="Isaiah 51">51</a>:9). In Egyptian and Mesopotamian mythologies (<a href="/wiki/Instruction_of_Merikare" class="mw-redirect" title="Instruction of Merikare">Instruction of Merikare</a> and Enuma Elish), the creator-god has to do battle with the sea-monsters before he can make heaven and earth. In Genesis, however, there is no hint of combat, and the tannin are simply creatures created by God. The Genesis account, therefore, is an explicit <a href="/wiki/Polemic" title="Polemic">polemic</a> against the mythologies of the ancient world.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWalton2003160-117">[108]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Sixth_day_(1:24–31)">Sixth day (1:24–31)</h4></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cria%C3%A7%C3%A3o_dos_Animais_(1506-11)_-_Vasco_Fernandes_(Museu_de_Lamego).png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Cria%C3%A7%C3%A3o_dos_Animais_%281506-11%29_-_Vasco_Fernandes_%28Museu_de_Lamego%29.png/220px-Cria%C3%A7%C3%A3o_dos_Animais_%281506-11%29_-_Vasco_Fernandes_%28Museu_de_Lamego%29.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="436" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Cria%C3%A7%C3%A3o_dos_Animais_%281506-11%29_-_Vasco_Fernandes_%28Museu_de_Lamego%29.png/330px-Cria%C3%A7%C3%A3o_dos_Animais_%281506-11%29_-_Vasco_Fernandes_%28Museu_de_Lamego%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Cria%C3%A7%C3%A3o_dos_Animais_%281506-11%29_-_Vasco_Fernandes_%28Museu_de_Lamego%29.png/440px-Cria%C3%A7%C3%A3o_dos_Animais_%281506-11%29_-_Vasco_Fernandes_%28Museu_de_Lamego%29.png 2x" data-file-width="493" data-file-height="978" /></a><figcaption>The Creation of the Animals (1506–1511), by <a href="/wiki/Gr%C3%A3o_Vasco" class="mw-redirect" title="Grão Vasco">Grão Vasco</a></figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"> 24 And God said: 'Let the earth bring forth the living creature after its kind, cattle, and creeping thing, and beast of the earth after its kind.' And it was so. 25 And God made the beast of the earth after its kind, and the cattle after their kind, and every thing that creepeth upon the ground after its kind; and God saw that it was good. 26 And God said: 'Let us make man in our image, after our likeness; and let them have dominion over the fish of the sea, and over the fowl of the air, and over the cattle, and over all the earth, and over every creeping thing that creepeth upon the earth.' 27 And God created man in His own image, in the image of God created He him; male and female created He them. 28 And God blessed them; and God said unto them: 'Be fruitful, and multiply, and replenish the earth, and subdue it; and have dominion over the fish of the sea, and over the fowl of the air, and over every living thing that creepeth upon the earth.' 29 And God said: 'Behold, I have given you every herb yielding seed, which is upon the face of all the earth, and every tree, in which is the fruit of a tree yielding seed—to you it shall be for food; 30 and to every beast of the earth, and to every fowl of the air, and to every thing that creepeth upon the earth, wherein there is a living soul, [I have given] every green herb for food.' And it was so.31 And God saw every thing that He had made, and, behold, it was very good. And there was evening and there was morning, the sixth day.<a href="#cite_note-118">[109]</a></blockquote> On day six, God creates land animals and humans. Like the animals of the sea and air, the land animals are designated nepeš ḥayya ('living creatures'). They are divided into three categories: domesticated animals (behema), whild herd animals that serve as prey (remeś), and wild predators (ḥayya). The earth "brings forth" animals in the same way that it brought forth vegetation on day three.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWalton2001127-119">[110]</a> In Genesis 1:26, God says "Let us make man ..." This has given rise to several theories, of which the two most important are that "us" is <a href="/wiki/Majestic_plural" class="mw-redirect" title="Majestic plural">majestic plural</a>,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDavidson197324-120">[111]</a> or that it reflects a setting in a <a href="/wiki/Divine_Council#Hebrew/Israelite" title="Divine Council">divine council</a> with God enthroned as king and proposing the creation of mankind to the lesser divine beings.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELevenson200414-121">[112]</a> A traditional interpretation is that "us" refers to a plurality of persons in the Godhead, which reflects <a href="/wiki/Trinitarianism" class="mw-redirect" title="Trinitarianism">Trinitarianism</a>. Some justify this by stating that the plural reveals a "duality within the Godhead" that recalls the "Spirit of God" mentioned in verse 2; "And the Spirit of God moved upon the face of the waters".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHamilton1990133-134-122">[113]</a> The creation of mankind is the climax of the creation account and God's implied purpose for creating the world. Everything created up to this point was made for humanity's use.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWhybray200142-74">[65]</a> Man was created in the "<a href="/wiki/Image_of_God" title="Image of God">image of God</a>". The meaning of this is unclear but suggestions include:<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKvam_et_al._199924-123">[114]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKline201613-124">[115]</a> <ol><li>Having the spiritual qualities of God such as intellect, will, etc.;</li> <li>Having the physical form of God;</li> <li>A combination of these two;</li> <li>Being God's counterpart on Earth and able to enter into a relationship with him;</li> <li>Being God's representative or <a href="/wiki/Viceroy" title="Viceroy">viceroy</a> on Earth;</li> <li>Having dominion over Creation like the angels in <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/Psalms#8:5" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/Psalms">Psalm 8:5</a>;</li> <li>Moral excellence and the possibility of glorification (cf. <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/Ephesians#4:24" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/Ephesians">Ephesians 4:24</a>; <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/Galatians#3:10" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/Galatians">Galatians 3:10</a>; <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/1_Corinthians#15:49" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/1 Corinthians">1 Corinthians 15:49–58</a>).</li></ol> When in Genesis 1:26 God says "Let us make man", the Hebrew word used is adam; in this form it is a generic noun, "mankind", and does not imply that this creation is male. After this first mention the word always appears as ha-adam, "the man", but as Genesis 1:27 shows ("So God created man in his [own] image, in the image of God created He him; male and female created He them."), the word is still not exclusively male.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAlter200418–19,_21-125">[116]</a> God blesses humanity, commanding them to reproduce, "subdue" (kbš) the earth and "rule" (rdh) over it, in what is known as the <a href="/wiki/Be_fruitful_and_multiply" title="Be fruitful and multiply">cultural mandate</a>. Humanity is to extend the Kingdom of God beyond Eden, and, imitating the Creator-God, is to labour to bring the earth into its service, to the end of the fulfilment of the mandate.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKline201613–14-126">[117]</a> This would include the procreation of offspring, the subjugation and replenishment of the earth (e.g., the use of natural resources), dominion over creatures (e.g., animal domestication), labor in general, and marriage.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECollins2006130-127">[118]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWalton2001132-128">[119]</a> God tells the animals and humans that he has given them "the green plants for food" – creation is to be <a href="/wiki/Vegetarian" class="mw-redirect" title="Vegetarian">vegetarian</a>. Only later, after the Flood, is man given permission to eat flesh. The Priestly author of Genesis appears to look back to an ideal past in which mankind lived at peace both with itself and with the animal kingdom, and which could be re-achieved through a proper sacrificial life in <a href="/wiki/Pre-established_harmony" class="mw-redirect" title="Pre-established harmony">harmony with God</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERogerson199119ff-129">[120]</a> Upon completion, God sees that "every thing that He had made ... was very good" (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt0101.htm#31">Genesis 1:31</a>). According to <a href="/wiki/Israel_Knohl" title="Israel Knohl">Israel Knohl</a>, this implies that the materials that existed before the Creation ("<a href="/wiki/Tohu_wa-bohu" title="Tohu wa-bohu">tohu wa-bohu</a>," "darkness", "<a href="/wiki/Tehom" title="Tehom">tehom</a>") were not "very good". He thus hypothesized that the Priestly source set up this dichotomy to mitigate <a href="/wiki/The_problem_of_evil" class="mw-redirect" title="The problem of evil">the problem of evil</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKnohl200313-130">[121]</a> However according to Collins, since the creation of man is the climax of the first creation account, "very good" must signify the presentation of man as the crown of God's creation, which is to serve him.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECollins200678-131">[122]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Seventh_day:_divine_rest_(2:1–3)">Seventh day: divine rest (2:1–3)</h4></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nuremberg_chronicles_-_f_5v.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Nuremberg_chronicles_-_f_5v.png/220px-Nuremberg_chronicles_-_f_5v.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="272" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Nuremberg_chronicles_-_f_5v.png/330px-Nuremberg_chronicles_-_f_5v.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Nuremberg_chronicles_-_f_5v.png/440px-Nuremberg_chronicles_-_f_5v.png 2x" data-file-width="904" data-file-height="1116" /></a><figcaption>Seventh Day of Creation, from the 1493 <a href="/wiki/Nuremberg_Chronicle" title="Nuremberg Chronicle">Nuremberg Chronicle</a> by <a href="/wiki/Hartmann_Schedel" title="Hartmann Schedel">Hartmann Schedel</a></figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"> And the heaven and the earth were finished, and all the host of them. 2 And on the seventh day God finished His work which He had made; and He rested on the seventh day from all His work which He had made. 3 And God blessed the seventh day, and hallowed it; because that in it He rested from all His work which God in creating had made.<a href="#cite_note-132">[123]</a></blockquote> These three verses belong with and complete the narrative in chapter 1.<a href="#cite_note-133">[124]</a> Creation is followed by "rest".<a href="#cite_note-134">[125]</a> In ancient Near Eastern literature the divine rest is achieved in a temple as a result of having brought order to chaos. Rest is both disengagement, as the work of creation is finished, but also engagement, as the deity is now present in his temple to maintain a secure and ordered cosmos.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWalton2006157–58-135">[126]</a> Compare with Exodus 20:8–20:11: "Remember the sabbath day, to keep it holy. Six days shalt thou labour, and do all thy work; but the seventh day is a sabbath unto the LORD thy GOD, in it thou shalt not do any manner of work, thou, nor thy son, nor thy daughter, nor thy man-servant, nor thy maid-servant, nor thy cattle, nor thy stranger that is within thy gates; for in six days the LORD made heaven and earth, the sea, and all that in them is, and rested on the seventh day; wherefore the LORD blessed the sabbath day, and hallowed it." <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Second_narrative:_Genesis_2:4–2:25">Second narrative: Genesis 2:4–2:25</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Creation-Luther-Bible-1534.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Creation-Luther-Bible-1534.jpg/220px-Creation-Luther-Bible-1534.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="325" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Creation-Luther-Bible-1534.jpg/330px-Creation-Luther-Bible-1534.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Creation-Luther-Bible-1534.jpg/440px-Creation-Luther-Bible-1534.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1084" data-file-height="1600" /></a><figcaption>The Creation by <a href="/wiki/Lucas_Cranach" class="mw-redirect" title="Lucas Cranach">Lucas Cranach</a>, 1534</figcaption></figure> Genesis 2–3, the <a href="/wiki/Garden_of_Eden" title="Garden of Eden">Garden of Eden</a> story, was probably authored around 500 BCE as "a discourse on ideals in life, the danger in human glory, and the fundamentally ambiguous nature of humanity – especially human mental faculties".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStordalen2000473–74-136">[127]</a> The Garden in which the action takes place lies on the mythological border between the human and the divine worlds, probably on the far side of the <a href="/wiki/Cosmic_ocean" title="Cosmic ocean">cosmic ocean</a> near the rim of the world; following a conventional ancient Near Eastern concept, the Eden river first forms that ocean and then divides into four rivers which run from the four corners of the earth towards its centre.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStordalen2000473–74-136">[127]</a> According to <a href="/wiki/Meredith_Kline" title="Meredith Kline">Meredith Kline</a>, who represents <a href="/wiki/Covenant_theology" title="Covenant theology">covenant theology</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Framework_interpretation" class="mw-redirect" title="Framework interpretation">framework interpretation</a>, the narrative establishes the site of the "climactic probation test", which is also where the "covenant crisis" of Genesis 3 occurs.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKline201617–18-137">[128]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Pericope" title="Pericope">pericope</a> that constitutes the second narrative is generally taken to begin at <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/Genesis#2:4" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/Genesis">Genesis 2:4</a> ("These are the generations of the heavens and of the earth when they were created, in the day that the LORD God made the earth and the heavens,") because it is widely recognized as a <a href="/wiki/Chiasmus" title="Chiasmus">chiasmus</a> (in the following quote, each subject of the chiasmus is preceded by "[x]" to denote its place in the chiastic configuration; "These are the generations [a] of the heavens [b] and of the earth [c] when they were created [c'] in the day that the LORD God made [b'] the earth [a'] and the heavens").<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECollins200641,_109-138">[129]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_origin_of_humanity_and_plant_life_(2:4–7)">The origin of humanity and plant life (2:4–7)</h3></div> The content of the verse 4 opening is a set introduction similar to those found in Babylonian myths.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVan_Seters199822-139">[130]</a> Before the man is created, the earth is a barren waste watered by an ’êḏ (<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1241449095">.mw-parser-output .script-hebrew,.mw-parser-output .script-Hebr{font-family:"Ezra SIL SR","Ezra SIL","SBL Hebrew","Taamey Frank CLM","SBL BibLit","Taamey Ashkenaz","Frank Ruehl CLM","Keter Aram Tsova","Taamey David CLM","Keter YG","Shofar","David CLM","Hadasim CLM","Simple CLM","Nachlieli",Cardo,Alef,"Noto Serif Hebrew","Noto Sans Hebrew","David Libre",David,"Times New Roman",Gisha,Arial,FreeSerif,FreeSans}</style>אד‎); <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/Genesis#2:6" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/Genesis">Genesis 2:6</a> of the <a href="/wiki/King_James_Version" title="King James Version">King James Version</a> has the translation "mist" for this word, following Jewish practice. Since the mid-20th century, Hebraists have generally accepted that the real meaning is "spring of underground water".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAndersen1987137–40-140">[131]</a> In Genesis 1 the characteristic word for God's activity is bara, "created"; in Genesis 2 the word used when he creates the man is yatsar (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1241449095">ייצר‎ yîṣer), meaning "fashioned", a word used in contexts such as a potter fashioning a pot from clay.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAlter200420,_22-141">[132]</a> God breathes his own breath into the clay and it becomes <a href="/wiki/Nephesh" title="Nephesh">nephesh</a> (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1241449095">נֶ֫פֶשׁ‎), a word meaning "life", "vitality", "the living personality"; man shares nephesh with all creatures, but the text describes this life-giving act by God only in relation to man.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDavidson197331-142">[133]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_Garden_of_Eden_(2:8–14)">The Garden of Eden (2:8–14)</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Garden_of_Eden" title="Garden of Eden">Garden of Eden</a></div> The word "Eden" comes from a root meaning "<a href="/wiki/Fertility" title="Fertility">fertility</a>": the first man is to work in God's miraculously fertile garden.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELevenson200415-143">[134]</a> The "<a href="/wiki/Tree_of_life" title="Tree of life">tree of life</a>" is a motif from Mesopotamian myth: in the <a href="/wiki/Epic_of_Gilgamesh" title="Epic of Gilgamesh">Epic of Gilgamesh</a> (c. 1800 BCE)<a href="#cite_note-144">[j]</a> the hero is given a plant whose name is "man becomes young in old age", but a serpent steals the plant from him.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDavidson197329-145">[135]</a> Kline regards the tree of life as a symbol or seal of the reward of eternal life for successful fulfilment of the covenant by humanity.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKline201619-146">[136]</a> There has been much scholarly discussion about the type of knowledge given by the second tree. Suggestions include: human qualities, sexual consciousness, ethical knowledge, or universal knowledge; with the last being the most widely accepted.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKooij201017-147">[137]</a> In Eden, mankind has a choice between wisdom and life, and chooses the first, although God intended them for the second.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPropp1990193-148">[138]</a> The mythic Eden and its rivers may represent the real Jerusalem, the <a href="/wiki/Temple_of_Solomon" class="mw-redirect" title="Temple of Solomon">Temple</a> and the Promised Land. Eden may represent the divine garden on <a href="/wiki/Zion" title="Zion">Zion</a>, the mountain of God, which was also Jerusalem; while the real <a href="/wiki/Gihon" title="Gihon">Gihon</a> was a spring outside the city (mirroring the spring which waters Eden); and the imagery of the Garden, with its serpent and cherubs, has been seen as a reflection of the real images of the <a href="/wiki/Temple_of_Solomon" class="mw-redirect" title="Temple of Solomon">Temple of Solomon</a> with its copper serpent (the <a href="/wiki/Nehushtan" title="Nehushtan">nehushtan</a>) and guardian <a href="/wiki/Cherubs" class="mw-redirect" title="Cherubs">cherubs</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStordalen2000307–10-149">[139]</a> Genesis 2 is the only place in the Bible where Eden appears as a geographic location: elsewhere (notably in the <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Ezekiel" title="Book of Ezekiel">Book of Ezekiel</a>) it is a mythological place located on the holy Mountain of God, with echoes of a Mesopotamian myth of the king as a primordial man placed in a divine garden to guard the tree of life "in the midst of the garden" (2:9).<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDavidson197333-150">[140]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="God's_covenant_with_Adam_(2:15–17)">God's covenant with Adam (2:15–17)</h3></div> Kline states that the terms of the covenant (a divine legal transaction with divinely sanctioned commitments), specifically the <a href="/wiki/Covenant_of_Works" class="mw-redirect" title="Covenant of Works">Covenant of Works</a>, are summarised in verses 15-17. In verse 15, humanity is to "dress" and "keep" the garden (KJV), or to "work it" and "take care of it" (<a href="/wiki/New_International_Version" title="New International Version">NIV</a>). In verse 17, God gives the "focal probationary proscription", that Adam must not eat of the tree of the knowledge of good and evil, which refers to "judicial discernment" (cf. <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/2_Samuel#14:17" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/2 Samuel">2 Samuel 14:17</a>; <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/1_Kings#3:9" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/1 Kings">1 Kings 3:9, 28</a>) and a curse is attached if the proscription is transgressed, which is said to be death, although Kline interprets this to be spiritual death or eternal perdition rather than physical death.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKline201619–20-151">[141]</a> The Hebrew behind this is in the form used in the Bible for issuing <a href="/wiki/Death_sentences" class="mw-redirect" title="Death sentences">death sentences</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAlter200421-152">[142]</a> "<a href="/wiki/Good_and_evil" title="Good and evil">Good and evil</a>" can also be interpreted as a <a href="/wiki/Merism" title="Merism">merism</a>, so in this case it would mean simply "everything". <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="A_suitable_helper_(2:18–25)">A suitable helper (2:18–25)</h3></div> After God's observation that it is "not good that man should be alone" in <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/Genesis#2:18" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/Genesis">Genesis 2:18</a>, but before he causes Adam to sleep, then creating Eve from his side in verses 21–22, Adam's first recorded action is carried out alone, his naming of each of the other creatures brought to him by God (<a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/Genesis#2:19" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/Genesis">Genesis 2:19–20</a>). This appears to be an exercise of the authority and the dominion given to Adam in <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/Genesis#1:28" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/Genesis">Genesis 1:28</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECollins2006138-153">[143]</a> Verse 20 also states that, among all the animals, none was found to be a suitable helper for him, which leads into the account of the creation of Eve.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECollins2006139-154">[144]</a> The first woman is created out of one of Adam's <a href="/wiki/Rib" title="Rib">ribs</a> to be ezer kenegdo (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1241449095">עזר כנגדו‎ ‘êzer kəneḡdō)<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGalambush2000436-155">[145]</a> – a term notably difficult to translate – to the man. Kəneḡdō means "alongside, opposite, a counterpart to him", and ‘êzer means active intervention on behalf of the other person.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAlter200422-156">[146]</a> God's naming of the elements of the cosmos in Genesis 1 illustrated his <a href="/wiki/Divinity" title="Divinity">authority over creation</a>; now the man's naming of the animals (and of Woman) illustrates Adam's authority within creation.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETurner200920-157">[147]</a> The woman is called ishah (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1241449095">אשה‎ ’iš-šāh), "Woman", with an explanation that this is because she was taken from ish (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1241449095">אִישׁ‎ ’îš), meaning "man",<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGalambush2000436-155">[145]</a> but the two words are not in fact connected.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGarr2012127-158">[148]</a> Adam rejoices at being given a helper, exclaiming (or singing) that she is "bone of my bones and flesh of my flesh".<a href="#cite_note-159">[149]</a> <a href="/wiki/Henri_Blocher" title="Henri Blocher">Henri Blocher</a> refers to Adam's words as "poetry";<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBlocher1984199-160">[150]</a> Alistair Wilson proposes that they should be treated as "song".<a href="#cite_note-161">[151]</a> Later, after the story of the Garden is complete, the woman receives a name: Ḥawwāh (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1241449095">חוה ‎, Eve).<a href="#cite_note-162">[152]</a> This means "living" in Hebrew, from a root that can also mean "snake".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHastings2003607-163">[153]</a> Assyriologist <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Noah_Kramer" title="Samuel Noah Kramer">Samuel Noah Kramer</a> connects Eve's creation to the ancient Sumerian myth of <a href="/wiki/Enki" title="Enki">Enki</a>, who was healed by the goddess <a href="/wiki/Nin-ti" class="mw-redirect" title="Nin-ti">Nin-ti</a>, "the Lady of the rib"; this became "the Lady who makes live" via a <a href="/wiki/Pun" title="Pun">pun</a> on the word ti, which means both "rib" and "to make live" in Sumerian.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKramer1963149-164">[154]</a> The Hebrew word traditionally translated "rib" in English can also mean "side", "chamber", or "beam".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJacobs200737-165">[155]</a> A long-standing exegetical tradition holds that the use of a rib from man's side emphasises that both man and woman have equal dignity, for woman was created from the same material as man, shaped and given life by the same processes.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHugenberger1988184-166">[156]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Interpretations">Interpretations</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Chapelle_palatine-Mosa%C3%AFque-%22La_Gen%C3%A8se%22.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Chapelle_palatine-Mosa%C3%AFque-%22La_Gen%C3%A8se%22.jpg/220px-Chapelle_palatine-Mosa%C3%AFque-%22La_Gen%C3%A8se%22.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Chapelle_palatine-Mosa%C3%AFque-%22La_Gen%C3%A8se%22.jpg/330px-Chapelle_palatine-Mosa%C3%AFque-%22La_Gen%C3%A8se%22.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Chapelle_palatine-Mosa%C3%AFque-%22La_Gen%C3%A8se%22.jpg/440px-Chapelle_palatine-Mosa%C3%AFque-%22La_Gen%C3%A8se%22.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3872" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption>12th-century <a href="/wiki/Mosaic" title="Mosaic">mosaic</a> of the Genesis creation narrative in the <a href="/wiki/Cappella_Palatina" title="Cappella Palatina">Cappella Palatina</a> in <a href="/wiki/Palermo" title="Palermo">Palermo, Italy</a>.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hexameral_literature">Hexameral literature</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Hexaemeron" title="Hexaemeron">Hexaemeron</a></div> The Genesis creation narrative inspired a genre of Jewish and Christian literature known as the <a href="/wiki/Hexameral_literature" class="mw-redirect" title="Hexameral literature">Hexameral literature</a>. This literature was dedicated to the composition of commentaries, homilies, and treatises concerned with the exegesis of the biblical creation narrative through ancient and medieval times. The first Christian example of this genre was the <a href="/wiki/Hexaemeron_(Basil_of_Caesarea)" title="Hexaemeron (Basil of Caesarea)">Hexaemeron</a> of the fourth-century theologian <a href="/wiki/Basil_of_Caesarea" title="Basil of Caesarea">Basil of Caesarea</a>, and many other works went on to be written from authors including <a href="/wiki/Augustine_of_Hippo" title="Augustine of Hippo">Augustine of Hippo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jacob_of_Serugh" title="Jacob of Serugh">Jacob of Serugh</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jacob_of_Edessa" title="Jacob of Edessa">Jacob of Edessa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bonaventure" title="Bonaventure">Bonaventure</a>, and so on.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKatsos202315–16-167">[157]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Framework_interpretation">Framework interpretation</h3></div> The framework interpretation (also known as the "literary framework" view, "framework theory", or "framework hypothesis") is a description of the <a href="/wiki/Narrative_structure" class="mw-redirect" title="Narrative structure">structure</a> of the first creation narrative (more precisely, <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/Genesis#1:1" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/Genesis">Genesis 1:1–2:4a</a>).<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEvan_Ruiten20009-168">[158]</a> Biblical scholars and theologians present the structure as evidence that the first creation narrative constitutes a symbolic rather than literal presentation of creation. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Two_triads_and_three_kingdoms">Two triads and three kingdoms</h4></div> Kline's analysis divides the six days of creation in Genesis into two groups of three ("triads"). The introduction, Genesis 1:1–2, "In the beginning… the earth was without form and void, and darkness was upon the face of the deep…", describes the primal universe containing darkness, a watery "deep", and a formless earth, over which hovers the spirit of God. The following three days describe the first triad: the creation of light and its separation from the primal darkness (Gen. 1:3–5); the creation of the "firmament" within the primal waters so that the heavens (space between the firmament and the surface of the seas) and the "waters under the firmament" can appear (Gen. 1:6–8); and the separation of the waters under the firmament into seas and dry land with its plants and trees. The second triad describes the peopling of the three elements of the first: sun, moon, and stars for the day and night (Gen. 1:14–19), fish and birds for the heavens and seas (Gen. 1:20–23), and finally animals and man for the vegetated land (24–31).<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKline19966-169">[159]</a> This framework is illustrated in the following table.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEvan_Ruiten200010-170">[160]</a> <table class="wikitable" border="1" cellpadding="8" cellspacing="0" align="center"> <tbody><tr align="center" style="background:#efefef"> <td colspan="2" style="width: 50%;">First triad — Creation Kingdoms</td> <td colspan="2" style="width: 50%;">Second triad — Creature Kinds </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td style="width: 25%;">Day 1 (Light)</td> <td>Let there be light (1:3).</td> <td>Let there be lights (1:14).</td> <td style="width: 25%;">Day 4 (Luminaries) </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td style="width: 25%;">Day 2 (Sky/Water)</td> <td>Let there be a firmament in the midst of the waters, and let it divide the waters from the waters (1:6).</td> <td>Let the water teem with creatures and let birds fly above the earth (1:20).</td> <td style="width: 25%;">Day 5 (Birds/Fish) </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td style="width: 25%;">Day 3 (Land/Vegetation)</td> <td>Let dry land appear (1:9). Let the land produce vegetation (1:11).</td> <td>Let the land produce living creatures (1:24). Let us make man (1:26). I give you every seed bearing plant... and every tree that has fruit with seed in it... for food (1:29).</td> <td style="width: 25%;">Day 6 (Land animals/Humans) </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="4" align="center" style="background:#efefef;">The Creator King </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="4" align="center">Day 7 (Sabbath) </td></tr></tbody></table> Differences exist on how to classify the two triads, but Kline's analysis is suggestive: the first triad (days 1–3) narrates the establishment of the creation kingdoms, and the second triad (days 4–6), the production of the creature kinds. Furthermore, this structure is not without theological significance, for all the created realms and regents of the six days are subordinate vassals of God, who takes His royal Sabbath rest as the Creator King on the seventh day. Thus, the seventh day marks the climax of the creation week.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKline19966-169">[159]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Supporters_and_critics">Supporters and critics</h4></div> The framework interpretation is held by many <a href="/wiki/Theistic_evolution" title="Theistic evolution">theistic evolutionists</a> and some <a href="/wiki/Progressive_creationism" title="Progressive creationism">progressive creationists</a>. Some argue that it has a precedent in the writings of the <a href="/wiki/Church_Fathers" title="Church Fathers">Church Father</a> <a href="/wiki/Augustine_of_Hippo" title="Augustine of Hippo">Augustine of Hippo</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEYoung198842–45-171">[161]</a> Arie Noordzij of the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Utrecht" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Utrecht">University of Utrecht</a> was the first proponent of the Framework Hypothesis in 1924.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] Nicolaas Ridderbos (not to be confused with his more well-known brother, <a href="/wiki/Herman_Nicolaas_Ridderbos" title="Herman Nicolaas Ridderbos">Herman Nicolaas Ridderbos</a>) popularized the view in the late 1950s.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcCabe200519–67-172">[162]</a> It has gained acceptance in modern times through the work of such theologians and scholars as Meredith G. Kline, <a href="/wiki/Henri_Blocher" title="Henri Blocher">Henri Blocher</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_H._Walton" title="John H. Walton">John H. Walton</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bruce_Waltke" title="Bruce Waltke">Bruce Waltke</a>. Old Testament and <a href="/wiki/Pentateuch" class="mw-redirect" title="Pentateuch">Pentateuch</a> scholar <a href="/wiki/Gordon_Wenham" title="Gordon Wenham">Gordon Wenham</a> supports a schematic interpretation of Genesis 1 as described in the following quote. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote">It has been unfortunate that one device which our narrative uses to express the coherence and purposiveness of the creator's work, namely, the distribution of the various creative acts to six days, has been seized on and interpreted over-literalistically… The six day schema is but one of several means employed in this chapter to stress the system and order that has been built into creation. Other devices include the use of repeating formulae, the tendency to group words and phrases into tens and sevens, literary techniques such as chiasm and inclusio, the arrangement of creative acts into matching groups, and so on. If these hints were not sufficient to indicate the schematization of the six-day creation story, the very content of the narrative points in the same direction.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWenham198739–40-173">[163]</a></blockquote> The framework view has been successful in the modern era because it is seen as a resolution of the traditional conflict between the Genesis creation narrative and modern science. It presents an alternative to <a href="/wiki/Biblical_literalism" title="Biblical literalism">literalistic</a> interpretations of the Genesis narratives, which are advocated by some conservative Christians and <a href="/wiki/Creationists" class="mw-redirect" title="Creationists">creationists</a> at a popular level. Creationists who take a literalist approach reject symbolic or allegorical interpretations of the Genesis creation narrative as conceding to scientific authority at the expense of biblical authority.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilkinson2009134-174">[164]</a> Advocates of the framework view respond by noting that Scripture affirms God's <a href="/wiki/General_revelation" title="General revelation">general revelation</a> in nature (cf. <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/Psalms#19:1" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/Psalms">Psalm 19</a>; <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/Romans#1:19" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/Romans">Romans 1:19–20</a>); therefore, in our search for the truth about the origins of the universe, we must be sensitive to both the "book of words" (Scripture) and the "book of works" (nature). Since God is the author of both "books", we should expect that they do not conflict with each other when properly interpreted.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBerry2003-175">[165]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">page needed</a>] Opponents of the framework interpretation include <a href="/wiki/James_Barr_(biblical_scholar)" title="James Barr (biblical scholar)">James Barr</a>, <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Steinmann" title="Andrew Steinmann">Andrew Steinmann</a>, Robert McCabe, and Ting Wang.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBattenCatchpooleSarfatiWieland-176">[166]</a> Additionally, some <a href="/wiki/Systematic_theology" title="Systematic theology">systematic theologians</a>, such as <a href="/wiki/Wayne_Grudem" title="Wayne Grudem">Wayne Grudem</a> and <a href="/wiki/Millard_Erickson" title="Millard Erickson">Millard Erickson</a>, have criticised the framework interpretation, deeming it an unsuitable reading of the Genesis text.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEErickson1998407–408-177">[167]</a> Grudem states that, "while the 'framework' view does not deny the truthfulness of Scripture, it adopts an interpretation of Scripture which, upon closer inspection, seems very unlikely".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGrudem2020408-178">[168]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Literal_interpretations">Literal interpretations</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Adam_and_Eve_by_Lucas_Cranach_(I).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Adam_and_Eve_by_Lucas_Cranach_%28I%29.jpg/260px-Adam_and_Eve_by_Lucas_Cranach_%28I%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="189" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Adam_and_Eve_by_Lucas_Cranach_%28I%29.jpg/390px-Adam_and_Eve_by_Lucas_Cranach_%28I%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Adam_and_Eve_by_Lucas_Cranach_%28I%29.jpg/520px-Adam_and_Eve_by_Lucas_Cranach_%28I%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="965" data-file-height="700" /></a><figcaption>Eden (<a href="/wiki/Lucas_Cranach_the_Elder" title="Lucas Cranach the Elder">Lucas Cranach the Elder</a>, 1472–1553)</figcaption></figure>The meaning to be derived from the Genesis creation narrative will depend on the reader's understanding of its <a href="/wiki/Literary_genre" title="Literary genre">genre</a>, the literary "type" to which it belongs (e.g., creation myth, historical saga, or scientific cosmology).<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWood1990323–24-179">[169]</a> While <a href="/wiki/Biblical_criticism" title="Biblical criticism">biblical criticism</a> has deconstructed many traditional views on the Bible, conservative evangelical traditions have tended to interpret the Genesis creation narrative in a literal way, but have also engaged into (sometimes heated) dispute on the interpretation of Genesis.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDaryl_Charles20132-3-180">[170]</a> According to Biblical scholar <a href="/wiki/Francis_Andersen" title="Francis Andersen">Francis Andersen</a>, misunderstanding the intention of the author(s) and the culture within which they wrote, will result in a misreading.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAndersen1987142-181">[171]</a> <a href="/wiki/Calvinism" class="mw-redirect" title="Calvinism">Reformed</a> <a href="/wiki/Evangelicalism" title="Evangelicalism">evangelical</a> scholar <a href="/wiki/Bruce_Waltke" title="Bruce Waltke">Bruce Waltke</a> cautions against one such misreading: the "woodenly literal" approach, which leads to "<a href="/wiki/Creation_science" title="Creation science">creation science</a>", but also to such "implausible interpretations" as the "<a href="/wiki/Gap_theory" class="mw-redirect" title="Gap theory">gap theory</a>", the presumption of a "<a href="/wiki/Young_earth" class="mw-redirect" title="Young earth">young earth</a>", and the denial of <a href="/wiki/Evolution" title="Evolution">evolution</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWaltke19916–9-182">[172]</a> Scholar of <a href="/wiki/Jewish_studies" title="Jewish studies">Jewish studies</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jon_D._Levenson" title="Jon D. Levenson">Jon D. Levenson</a>, goes further in doubting whether <a href="/wiki/Historicity" title="Historicity">historicity</a> can be attributed to Genesis at all: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote">How much history lies behind the story of Genesis? Because the action of the primeval story is not represented as taking place on the plane of ordinary human history and has so many affinities with ancient mythology, it is very far-fetched to speak of its narratives as historical at all.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELevenson200411-183">[173]</a></blockquote> Another scholar, <a href="/wiki/Conrad_Hyers" title="Conrad Hyers">Conrad Hyers</a>, summed up the same thought by writing, "A <a href="/wiki/Biblical_literalism" title="Biblical literalism">literalist</a> interpretation of the Genesis accounts is inappropriate, misleading, and unworkable [because] it presupposes and insists upon a kind of literature and intention that is not there."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHyers198428-184">[174]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 20em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adapa" title="Adapa">Adapa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anno_Mundi" title="Anno Mundi">Anno Mundi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apollo_8_Genesis_reading" title="Apollo 8 Genesis reading">Apollo 8 Genesis reading</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allegorical_interpretations_of_Genesis" title="Allegorical interpretations of Genesis">Allegorical interpretations of Genesis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Near_Eastern_Texts_Relating_to_the_Old_Testament" title="Ancient Near Eastern Texts Relating to the Old Testament">Ancient Near Eastern Texts Relating to the Old Testament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Babylonian_mythology" class="mw-redirect" title="Babylonian mythology">Babylonian mythology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biblical_chronology" class="mw-redirect" title="Biblical chronology">Biblical chronology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biblical_cosmology" title="Biblical cosmology">Biblical cosmology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biblical_criticism" title="Biblical criticism">Biblical criticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_mythology" title="Christian mythology">Christian mythology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Creation%E2%80%93evolution_controversy" class="mw-redirect" title="Creation–evolution controversy">Creation–evolution controversy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Creation_mandate" title="Creation mandate">Creation mandate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_mandate" class="mw-redirect" title="Cultural mandate">Cultural mandate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eridu_Genesis" title="Eridu Genesis">Eridu Genesis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genesis_flood_narrative" title="Genesis flood narrative">Genesis flood narrative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hexameron" class="mw-redirect" title="Hexameron">Hexameron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_mythology" title="Islamic mythology">Islamic mythology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_creation_myths" title="List of creation myths">List of creation myths</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ningishzida" title="Ningishzida">Ningishzida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_and_mythology" title="Religion and mythology">Religion and mythology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanamahi_creation_myth" title="Sanamahi creation myth">Sanamahi creation myth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sumerian_literature" title="Sumerian literature">Sumerian literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theistic_evolution" title="Theistic evolution">Theistic evolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tower_of_Babel" title="Tower of Babel">Tower of Babel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tree_of_the_knowledge_of_good_and_evil" title="Tree of the knowledge of good and evil">Tree of the knowledge of good and evil</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-lower-alpha reflist-columns-2"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-myth-1"><a href="#cite_ref-myth_1-0">^</a> The term <a href="/wiki/Myth" title="Myth">myth</a> is used here in its academic sense, meaning "a traditional story consisting of events that are ostensibly historical, though often supernatural, explaining the origins of a cultural practice or natural phenomenon." It is not being used to mean "something that is false". Scholarly writings frequently refer to Genesis as myth (<a href="#CITEREFDolansky2016">Dolansky 2016</a>). While the author of Genesis 1–11 "demythologised" his narrative by removing the Babylonian myths and those elements which did not fit with his own faith, it remains a myth in the sense of being a story of origins. (<a href="#CITEREFHamilton1990">Hamilton 1990</a>, pp. 57–58) </li> <li id="cite_note-two_stories-6">^ <a href="#cite_ref-two_stories_6-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-two_stories_6-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-two_stories_6-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-two_stories_6-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-two_stories_6-4">e</a> The Mosaic authorship of Genesis has been rejected in scholarship, and the Genesis creation narrative is thought to consist of two different stories, attributed to two different authors. <ul><li><a href="#CITEREFEhrman2024">Ehrman (2024)</a>: "The book of Genesis is the first book of the Pentateuch, as the first five books of the Hebrew Bible are known. This includes Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, and Deuteronomy. Tradition says that Moses wrote these five books but the scholarly consensus is that Moses didn’t write any of them.</li> <li><a href="#CITEREFEhrman2021">Ehrman (2021)</a>: "scholars have thought that the Pentateuch, the first five books of the Hebrew Bible (Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, Deuteronomy), were not written by Moses, but later, and that they represent not a single work by a single author, but a compilation of sources, each of them written at different times. The evidence for this view is quite overwhelming [...] The internal tensions in the Pentateuch came to be seen as particularly significant. Nowhere were these tensions more evident than in the opening accounts of the very first book, in the creation stories of Genesis chapters 1 and 2. Scholars came to recognize that what is said in Genesis 1 cannot be easily (or at all) reconciled with what is said in Genesis 2. These do not appear to be two complementary accounts of how the creation took place; they appear to be two accounts that are at odds with each other in fundamental and striking ways."</li> <li><a href="#CITEREFDaryl_Charles2013">Daryl Charles (2013</a>, p. 2-3) notes that <a href="/wiki/Evangelicalism" title="Evangelicalism">Evangelicals</a> tend to a literal reading of Genesis, taking it as history, in contrast to a literary reading, but also explains that the interpretation of Genesis is a matter of (sometimes heated) dispute for Evangelicals.</li> <li>For an example of an apologetic view, see Wayne Jackson <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apologeticspress.org/are-there-two-creation-accounts-in-genesis-1131/">Are There Two Creation Accounts in Genesis?</a>, Apologetics Press.</li></ul> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a> The series of five books which begins with Genesis and ends with <a href="/wiki/Deuteronomy" class="mw-redirect" title="Deuteronomy">Deuteronomy</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-Mesopotamian_mythology-14">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Mesopotamian_mythology_14-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Mesopotamian_mythology_14-1">b</a> Influence of Mesopotamian mythology: <ul><li><a href="#CITEREFKlammWinitzer2023">Klamm & Winitzer (2023)</a>: "The imprint of Mesopotamia’s mythic thought and literature on Genesis’ Primeval History (Genesis 1–11) is hard to overstate, even if the biblical unit also contains much that is non-Mesopotamian in origins, and even if it must ultimately be considered on its own terms and, more broadly, those of the Bible as a whole. But these factors cannot take away from the place of Mesopotamia’s stories of origins in the Bible’s opening chapters; and the latter, remarkably, do not fully conceal these antecedents. To the contrary, in its layout the biblical text appears frank about the locale of what preceded its eventual epic-making call to Abraham to “go forth” (Gen. 12:1) from his homeland and begin anew in a faraway place."</li> <li>For some evangelical views:</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li>James M. Rochford, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.evidenceunseen.com/bible-difficulties-2/ot-difficulties/genesis-deuteronomy/gen-11-did-the-jews-steal-their-creation-story-from-the-babylonian-enuma-elish/">Did Genesis Borrow the Creation and Flood from Mesopotamian Myths?</a>, Evidence Unseen</li></ul></dd></dl> <a href="#cite_note-myth-1">[a]</a> <a href="#cite_note-two_stories-6">[b]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hamilton_1990-17"><a href="#cite_ref-Hamilton_1990_17-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFHamilton1990">Hamilton (1990</a>, pp. 57–58) notes that while <a href="/wiki/Brevard_Childs" title="Brevard Childs">Brevard Childs</a> famously suggested that the author of Genesis 1–11 "demythologised" his narrative, meaning that he removed from his sources (the Babylonian myths) those elements which did not fit with his own faith, Genesis may still be referred to as mythical. </li> <li id="cite_note-Levenson_2004-28"><a href="#cite_ref-Levenson_2004_28-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLevenson2004">Levenson (2004</a>, p. 9): "One aspect of narrative in Genesis that requires special attention is its high tolerance for different versions of the same event, a well-known feature of ancient Near Eastern literature, from earliest times through rabbinic midrash [...] This could not have happened if the existence of variation were seen as a serious defect or if rigid consistency were deemed essential to effective storytelling." </li> <li id="cite_note-contradictory_complementary-29">^ <a href="#cite_ref-contradictory_complementary_29-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-contradictory_complementary_29-1">b</a> <a href="/wiki/David_M._Carr" title="David M. Carr">David M. Carr</a> points to the differences between the two stories. He argues that the highly regimented seven-day narrative of Genesis 1 features an <a href="/wiki/Omnipotence" title="Omnipotence">omnipotent</a> God who creates a god-resembling humanity, while the one-day creation of Genesis 2 uses a simple linear narrative, a God who can fail as well as succeed, and a humanity which is not god-like but is punished for attempting to become god-like (<a href="#CITEREFCarr1996">Carr 1996</a>, pp. 62–64). Even the order and method of creation differs (<a href="#CITEREFCarr1996">Carr 1996</a>, pp. 62–64). "Together, this combination of parallel character and contrasting profile point to the different origin of materials in Genesis 1 and Genesis 2, however elegantly they have now been combined" (<a href="#CITEREFCarr1996">Carr 1996</a>, p. 64). <a href="/wiki/C._John_Collins" title="C. John Collins">C. John Collins</a>, in contrast, states that "the assertion that the P account lacks anthropomorphisms is mistaken," pointing to the imagery of God as "a craftsman going through his workweek." Collins doubts that the stories come from different sources, and says that, since the original sources are "unrecoverable," the "literary whole invites us to read the two pericopes in a complementary way". Thus he highlights the "overall flow of the narrative," viewing the first narrative as a "big-picture" account followed by a "close-up" on the way God created humanity in the second narrative. He states that "if someone produced this text by stitching sources together, he left the seams smooth indeed." (<a href="#CITEREFCollins2006">Collins 2006</a>, pp. 229–231) </li> <li id="cite_note-balancing_act-34">^ <a href="#cite_ref-balancing_act_34-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-balancing_act_34-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFKlammWinitzer2023">Klamm & Winitzer (2023)</a>: "The reason for this admission of Mesopotamian priority is easy enough to appreciate. When it came to world origins, the traditions of this “nation from old” (Jer. 5:15)—traditions that, as the story of Gilgamesh makes explicit, brim with their own antiquity—could not simply be brushed aside. If, then, the Bible was to offer something meaningful about such topics, Mesopotamia’s version of events would necessarily have to be addressed. The challenge presented by Mesopotamia, therefore, would amount to a delicate balancing act: How was the Bible to incorporate this ancient tradition while at the same time not losing its own claim for a theological revolution?" </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a> The word translated "God" in Genesis 1:1–2 is <a href="/wiki/Elohim" title="Elohim">Elohim</a>, and the word translated "Spirit" is <a href="/wiki/Ruach" class="mw-redirect" title="Ruach">ruach</a> (<a href="#CITEREFHayes2012">Hayes 2012</a>, pp. 37–38). </li> <li id="cite_note-144"><a href="#cite_ref-144">^</a> "The story of Adam and Eve's sin in the garden of Eden (2.25–3.24) displays similarities with Gilgamesh, an epic poem that tells of how its hero lost the opportunity for immortality and came to terms with his humanity. [...] the biblical narrator has adapted the Mesopotamian forerunner to Israelite theology" (<a href="#CITEREFLevenson2004">Levenson 2004</a>, p. 9). </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 15em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELeemingLeeming2004113-2"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELeemingLeeming2004113_2-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLeemingLeeming2004">Leeming & Leeming 2004</a>, p. 113. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBaden201213-3">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBaden201213_3-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBaden201213_3-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFBaden2012">Baden 2012</a>, p. 13. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFriedmanDolansky_Overton2007734-4">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFriedmanDolansky_Overton2007734_4-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFriedmanDolansky_Overton2007734_4-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFFriedmanDolansky_Overton2007">Friedman & Dolansky Overton 2007</a>, p. 734. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESpeiser1964xxi-5">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESpeiser1964xxi_5-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESpeiser1964xxi_5-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFSpeiser1964">Speiser 1964</a>, p. xxi. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECooganChapman201848-7">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECooganChapman201848_7-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECooganChapman201848_7-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECooganChapman201848_7-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECooganChapman201848_7-3">d</a> <a href="#CITEREFCooganChapman2018">Coogan & Chapman 2018</a>, p. 48. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECollins201871-8">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECollins201871_8-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECollins201871_8-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFCollins2018">Collins 2018</a>, p. 71. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBandstra200837-9"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBandstra200837_9-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBandstra2008">Bandstra 2008</a>, p. 37. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDavies200137-11">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDavies200137_11-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDavies200137_11-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFDavies2001">Davies 2001</a>, p. 37. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESarna199750-12">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESarna199750_12-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESarna199750_12-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESarna199750_12-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESarna199750_12-3">d</a> <a href="#CITEREFSarna1997">Sarna 1997</a>, p. 50. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKlammWinitzer2023-13">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKlammWinitzer2023_13-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKlammWinitzer2023_13-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKlammWinitzer2023_13-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKlammWinitzer2023_13-3">d</a> <a href="#CITEREFKlammWinitzer2023">Klamm & Winitzer 2023</a>. </li> <li 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href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAlter1981141_22-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAlter1981141_22-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFAlter1981">Alter 1981</a>, p. 141. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECollins2006229-23"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECollins2006229_23-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFCollins2006">Collins 2006</a>, p. 229. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECollins2006227-24"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECollins2006227_24-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFCollins2006">Collins 2006</a>, p. 227. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEvan_Ruiten20009–10-25"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEvan_Ruiten20009–10_25-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFvan_Ruiten2000">van Ruiten 2000</a>, pp. 9–10. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECross1973301ff-26"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECross1973301ff_26-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFCross1973">Cross 1973</a>, pp. 301ff. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEThomas201127–28-27"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThomas201127–28_27-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFThomas2011">Thomas 2011</a>, pp. 27–28. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELambert_1965-30"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELambert_1965_30-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLambert_1965">Lambert 1965</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELevenson20049-31">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELevenson20049_31-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELevenson20049_31-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFLevenson2004">Levenson 2004</a>, p. 9. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELeeming2004-32"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELeeming2004_32-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLeeming2004">Leeming 2004</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESmith2001-33"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESmith2001_33-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFSmith2001">Smith 2001</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHayes201229–33-35"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHayes201229–33_35-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFHayes2012">Hayes 2012</a>, p. 29–33. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESmithPitard2008615-36"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESmithPitard2008615_36-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFSmithPitard2008">Smith & Pitard 2008</a>, p. 615. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECooganChapman201834-37"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECooganChapman201834_37-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFCooganChapman2018">Coogan & Chapman 2018</a>, p. 34. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcDermott200225–27-38"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcDermott200225–27_38-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMcDermott2002">McDermott 2002</a>, pp. 25–27. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHayes201233_&_35-39"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHayes201233_&_35_39-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFHayes2012">Hayes 2012</a>, pp. 33 & 35. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECooganChapman201835-40"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECooganChapman201835_40-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFCooganChapman2018">Coogan & Chapman 2018</a>, p. 35. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEVan_Seters1992122–24-41"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVan_Seters1992122–24_41-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFVan_Seters1992">Van Seters 1992</a>, pp. 122–24. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECarr1996242–248-42"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECarr1996242–248_42-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFCarr1996">Carr 1996</a>, p. 242–248. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESeidman2010166-43"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESeidman2010166_43-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFSeidman2010">Seidman 2010</a>, p. 166. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWright200253-44">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWright200253_44-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWright200253_44-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFWright2002">Wright 2002</a>, p. 53. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKaiser199728-45"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKaiser199728_45-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFKaiser1997">Kaiser 1997</a>, p. 28. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEParrish1990183–84-46"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEParrish1990183–84_46-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFParrish1990">Parrish 1990</a>, pp. 183–84. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAune2003119-47">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAune2003119_47-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAune2003119_47-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFAune2003">Aune 2003</a>, p. 119. </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFRyken_et_al1998">Ryken et al 1998</a>, p. 170. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESoskice201024-49"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESoskice201024_49-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFSoskice2010">Soskice 2010</a>, p. 24. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENebe2002119-50"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENebe2002119_50-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFNebe2002">Nebe 2002</a>, p. 119. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWalton2006183-51"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWalton2006183_51-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFWalton2006">Walton 2006</a>, p. 183. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDay20144-52">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDay20144_52-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDay20144_52-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFDay2014">Day 2014</a>, p. 4. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMay2004179-53"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMay2004179_53-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMay2004">May 2004</a>, p. 179. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFishbane200334–35-54"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFishbane200334–35_54-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFFishbane2003">Fishbane 2003</a>, pp. 34–35. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFishbane200335-55"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFishbane200335_55-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFFishbane2003">Fishbane 2003</a>, p. 35. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESarna19662-56"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESarna19662_56-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFSarna1966">Sarna 1966</a>, p. 2. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHutton2007274-57"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHutton2007274_57-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFHutton2007">Hutton 2007</a>, p. 274. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESarna19661–2-58"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESarna19661–2_58-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFSarna1966">Sarna 1966</a>, pp. 1–2. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHyers198474-59"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHyers198474_59-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFHyers1984">Hyers 1984</a>, p. 74. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWenham19876-60"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWenham19876_60-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFWenham1987">Wenham 1987</a>, p. 6. </li> <li 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href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWhybray200143_73-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWhybray200143_73-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWhybray200143_73-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWhybray200143_73-3">d</a> <a href="#CITEREFWhybray2001">Whybray 2001</a>, p. 43. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWhybray200142-74">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWhybray200142_74-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWhybray200142_74-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWhybray200142_74-2">c</a> <a href="#CITEREFWhybray2001">Whybray 2001</a>, p. 42. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWalton2006183–184-75"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWalton2006183–184_75-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFWalton2006">Walton 2006</a>, pp. 183–184. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWalton2001728,_note_17-76"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWalton2001728,_note_17_76-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFWalton2001">Walton 2001</a>, p. 728, note 17. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWhybray200142–43-77"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWhybray200142–43_77-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFWhybray2001">Whybray 2001</a>, pp. 42–43. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDay20148-78"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDay20148_78-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFDay2014">Day 2014</a>, p. 8. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAlter200417-79"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAlter200417_79-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFAlter2004">Alter 2004</a>, p. 17. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEThompson1980230-80"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThompson1980230_80-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFThompson1980">Thompson 1980</a>, p. 230. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWalton200173–74-81"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWalton200173–74_81-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFWalton2001">Walton 2001</a>, pp. 73–74. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBlenkinsopp201133-82"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBlenkinsopp201133_82-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBlenkinsopp2011">Blenkinsopp 2011</a>, p. 33. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWalton200176–77-83"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWalton200176–77_83-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFWalton2001">Walton 2001</a>, 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href="https://mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt0101.htm#3">Genesis 1:3–1:5</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEArnold199826-90"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEArnold199826_90-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFArnold1998">Arnold 1998</a>, p. 26. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBandstra200839-91"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBandstra200839_91-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBandstra2008">Bandstra 2008</a>, p. 39. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWalton200179-92"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWalton200179_92-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFWalton2001">Walton 2001</a>, p. 79. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWalton2003158-93">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWalton2003158_93-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWalton2003158_93-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFWalton2003">Walton 2003</a>, p. 158. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELongman200574-94"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELongman200574_94-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLongman2005">Longman 2005</a>, p. 74. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESarna196612-95"><a 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id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEJacobs200737-165"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJacobs200737_165-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFJacobs2007">Jacobs 2007</a>, p. 37. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHugenberger1988184-166"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHugenberger1988184_166-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFHugenberger1988">Hugenberger 1988</a>, p. 184. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKatsos202315–16-167"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKatsos202315–16_167-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFKatsos2023">Katsos 2023</a>, p. 15–16. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEvan_Ruiten20009-168"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEvan_Ruiten20009_168-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFvan_Ruiten2000">van Ruiten 2000</a>, p. 9. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKline19966-169">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKline19966_169-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKline19966_169-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFKline1996">Kline 1996</a>, p. 6. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEvan_Ruiten200010-170"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEvan_Ruiten200010_170-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFvan_Ruiten2000">van Ruiten 2000</a>, p. 10. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEYoung198842–45-171"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEYoung198842–45_171-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFYoung1988">Young 1988</a>, pp. 42–45. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcCabe200519–67-172"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcCabe200519–67_172-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMcCabe2005">McCabe 2005</a>, pp. 19–67. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWenham198739–40-173"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWenham198739–40_173-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFWenham1987">Wenham 1987</a>, pp. 39–40. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilkinson2009134-174"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWilkinson2009134_174-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFWilkinson2009">Wilkinson 2009</a>, p. 134. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBerry2003-175"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBerry2003_175-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBerry2003">Berry 2003</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBattenCatchpooleSarfatiWieland-176"><a 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id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWaltke19916–9-182"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWaltke19916–9_182-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFWaltke1991">Waltke 1991</a>, pp. 6–9. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELevenson200411-183"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELevenson200411_183-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLevenson2004">Levenson 2004</a>, p. 11. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHyers198428-184"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHyers198428_184-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFHyers1984">Hyers 1984</a>, p. 28. </li> </ol></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em"> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFAlter1981" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Alter" title="Robert Alter">Alter, Robert</a> (1981). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ptw4DgAAQBAJ">The Art of Biblical narrative</a>. Basic Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-465-00427-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-465-00427-0"><bdi>978-0-465-00427-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Art+of+Biblical+narrative&rft.pub=Basic+Books&rft.date=1981&rft.isbn=978-0-465-00427-0&rft.aulast=Alter&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dptw4DgAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGenesis+creation+narrative" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAlter2004" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Alter" title="Robert Alter">Alter, Robert</a> (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ZcMhkJ8a708C">The Five Books of Moses</a>. W. W. Norton & Company. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-393-33393-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-393-33393-0"><bdi>0-393-33393-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Five+Books+of+Moses&rft.pub=W.+W.+Norton+%26+Company&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=0-393-33393-0&rft.aulast=Alter&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DZcMhkJ8a708C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGenesis+creation+narrative" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAndersen1987" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Francis_Andersen" title="Francis Andersen">Andersen, Francis I.</a> (1987). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=8AZt990zCKYC&q=The+text+of+Genesis+1-3+has+been+read+for+thousands+of+years&pg=PA137">"On Reading Genesis 1–3"</a>. In O'Connor, Michael Patrick; Freedman, David Noel (eds.). Backgrounds for the Bible. 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(1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ZPclBQAAQBAJ">Encountering the Book of Genesis: A Study of Its Content and Issues</a>. Encountering Biblical Studies. Grand Rapids, Michigan, US: Baker Academic. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781585585397" title="Special:BookSources/9781585585397"><bdi>9781585585397</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encountering+the+Book+of+Genesis%3A+A+Study+of+Its+Content+and+Issues&rft.place=Grand+Rapids%2C+Michigan%2C+US&rft.series=Encountering+Biblical+Studies&rft.pub=Baker+Academic&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=9781585585397&rft.aulast=Arnold&rft.aufirst=Bill+T.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DZPclBQAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGenesis+creation+narrative" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAune2003" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/David_Aune" title="David Aune">Aune, David E.</a> (2003). 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Westminster John Knox Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-664-21917-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-664-21917-8"><bdi>978-0-664-21917-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Cosmology&rft.btitle=Westminster+Dictionary+of+the+New+Testament+and+Early+Christian+Literature&rft.pub=Westminster+John+Knox+Press&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0-664-21917-8&rft.aulast=Aune&rft.aufirst=David+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DnhhdJ-fkywYC%26q%3Dcosmology&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGenesis+creation+narrative" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBaden2012" class="citation book cs1">Baden, Joel S. (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=CYW7z9tFHisC&q=The+Composition+of+the+Pentateuch%3A+Renewing+the+Documentary+Hypothesis">The Composition of the Pentateuch: Renewing the Documentary Hypothesis</a>. Anchor Yale Reference Library. Yale University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0300152647" title="Special:BookSources/978-0300152647"><bdi>978-0300152647</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Composition+of+the+Pentateuch%3A+Renewing+the+Documentary+Hypothesis&rft.series=Anchor+Yale+Reference+Library&rft.pub=Yale+University+Press&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-0300152647&rft.aulast=Baden&rft.aufirst=Joel+S.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DCYW7z9tFHisC%26q%3DThe%2BComposition%2Bof%2Bthe%2BPentateuch%253A%2BRenewing%2Bthe%2BDocumentary%2BHypothesis&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGenesis+creation+narrative" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBandstra2008" class="citation book cs1">Bandstra, Barry L. 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Wadsworth Publishing Company. p. 576. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-495-39105-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-495-39105-0"><bdi>978-0-495-39105-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Reading+the+Old+Testament%3A+An+Introduction+to+the+Hebrew+Bible&rft.pages=576&rft.pub=Wadsworth+Publishing+Company&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-495-39105-0&rft.aulast=Bandstra&rft.aufirst=Barry+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DvRY9mTUZKJcC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGenesis+creation+narrative" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBattenCatchpooleSarfatiWieland" class="citation web cs1">Batten, Don; Catchpoole, David; Sarfati, Jonathan D; Wieland, Carl. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://creation.com/is-genesis-poetry-figurative-a-theological-argument-polemic-and-thus-not-history">"Is Genesis poetry/figurative, a theological argument (polemic) and thus not history?"</a>. 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Edinburgh: T & T Clark. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-567-08915-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-567-08915-0"><bdi>0-567-08915-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=God%27s+book+of+works%3A+the+nature+and+theology+of+nature&rft.place=Edinburgh&rft.pub=T+%26+T+Clark&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=0-567-08915-0&rft.aulast=Berry&rft.aufirst=R.+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGenesis+creation+narrative" class="Z3988">[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">page needed</a>]</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBlenkinsopp2011" class="citation book cs1">Blenkinsopp, Joseph (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=B12qwOSMD20C">Creation, Un-Creation, Re-Creation: A Discursive Commentary on Genesis 1–11</a>. T&T Clarke International. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-567-37287-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-567-37287-1"><bdi>978-0-567-37287-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Creation%2C+Un-Creation%2C+Re-Creation%3A+A+Discursive+Commentary+on+Genesis+1%E2%80%9311&rft.pub=T%26T+Clarke+International&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-0-567-37287-1&rft.aulast=Blenkinsopp&rft.aufirst=Joseph&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DB12qwOSMD20C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGenesis+creation+narrative" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBlocher1984" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Henri_Blocher" title="Henri Blocher">Blocher, Henri</a> (1984). In the Beginning: The Opening Chapters of Genesis. 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(2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=aANpcJF5jDUC&q=Beginnings:+Ancient+Christian+Readings+of+the+Biblical+Creation+Narrative">Beginnings: Ancient Christian Readings of the Biblical Creation Narrative</a>. Grand Rapids, Michigan: Baker Academic. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8010-3233-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8010-3233-2"><bdi>978-0-8010-3233-2</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230308130405/https://books.google.com/books?id=aANpcJF5jDUC&q=Beginnings:+Ancient+Christian+Readings+of+the+Biblical+Creation+Narrative">Archived</a> from the original on 8 March 2023. Retrieved 11 November 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Beginnings%3A+Ancient+Christian+Readings+of+the+Biblical+Creation+Narrative&rft.place=Grand+Rapids%2C+Michigan&rft.pub=Baker+Academic&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-8010-3233-2&rft.aulast=Bouteneff&rft.aufirst=Peter+C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DaANpcJF5jDUC%26q%3DBeginnings%3A%2BAncient%2BChristian%2BReadings%2Bof%2Bthe%2BBiblical%2BCreation%2BNarrative&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGenesis+creation+narrative" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCareySnodgrass1999" class="citation cs2">Carey, Gary; Snodgrass, Mary Ellen (1999), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/multiculturaldic00care">A Multicultural Dictionary of Literary Terms</a>, Jefferson: <a href="/wiki/McFarland_%26_Company" title="McFarland & Company">McFarland & Company</a>, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7864-0552-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-7864-0552-X"><bdi>0-7864-0552-X</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Multicultural+Dictionary+of+Literary+Terms&rft.place=Jefferson&rft.pub=McFarland+%26+Company&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=0-7864-0552-X&rft.aulast=Carey&rft.aufirst=Gary&rft.au=Snodgrass%2C+Mary+Ellen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmulticulturaldic00care&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGenesis+creation+narrative" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCarr1996" class="citation book cs1">Carr, David M. 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Westminster John Knox Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-664-22071-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-664-22071-1"><bdi>0-664-22071-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Reading+the+Fractures+in+Genesis&rft.pub=Westminster+John+Knox+Press&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=0-664-22071-1&rft.aulast=Carr&rft.aufirst=David+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D8UJctZxFHikC%26q%3D%2522combination%2Bof%2Bparallel%2Bcharacter%2522%26pg%3DPA64&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGenesis+creation+narrative" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCoats1983" class="citation book cs1">Coats, George W. (1983). Genesis, with an Introduction to Narrative Literature. Wm. B. 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Minneapolis, US: Fortress Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-5064-4598-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-5064-4598-4"><bdi>978-1-5064-4598-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Introduction+to+the+Hebrew+Bible&rft.place=Minneapolis%2C+US&rft.edition=3rd&rft.pub=Fortress+Press&rft.date=2018&rft.isbn=978-1-5064-4598-4&rft.aulast=Collins&rft.aufirst=John+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGenesis+creation+narrative" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCooganChapman2018" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Michael_Coogan" title="Michael Coogan">Coogan, Michael D.</a>; Chapman, Cynthia R. (2018). The Old Testament: A Historical and Literary Introduction to the Hebrew Scriptures (4th ed.). Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0190608651" title="Special:BookSources/978-0190608651"><bdi>978-0190608651</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Old+Testament%3A+A+Historical+and+Literary+Introduction+to+the+Hebrew+Scriptures&rft.edition=4th&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2018&rft.isbn=978-0190608651&rft.aulast=Coogan&rft.aufirst=Michael+D.&rft.au=Chapman%2C+Cynthia+R.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGenesis+creation+narrative" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCotter2003" class="citation book cs1">Cotter, David W (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=6lCVzr4cT9QC">Genesis</a>. <a href="/wiki/Liturgical_Press" class="mw-redirect" title="Liturgical Press">Liturgical Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8146-5040-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8146-5040-0"><bdi>978-0-8146-5040-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Genesis&rft.pub=Liturgical+Press&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0-8146-5040-0&rft.aulast=Cotter&rft.aufirst=David+W&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D6lCVzr4cT9QC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGenesis+creation+narrative" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCross1973" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Frank_Moore_Cross" title="Frank Moore Cross">Cross, Frank Moore</a> (1973). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=bJqwWRDOMgEC">"The Priestly Work"</a>. Canaanite Myth and Hebrew Epic: Essays in the History of the Religion of Israel. Harvard University Press. p. 394. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-674-09176-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-674-09176-0"><bdi>0-674-09176-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Priestly+Work&rft.btitle=Canaanite+Myth+and+Hebrew+Epic%3A+Essays+in+the+History+of+the+Religion+of+Israel&rft.pages=394&rft.pub=Harvard+University+Press&rft.date=1973&rft.isbn=0-674-09176-0&rft.aulast=Cross&rft.aufirst=Frank+Moore&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DbJqwWRDOMgEC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGenesis+creation+narrative" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDaryl_Charles2013" class="citation book cs1">Daryl Charles, J. (2013). "Introduction". In Daryl Charles, J. (ed.). Reading Genesis 1-2: An Evangelical Conversation. Hendrickson Publishers.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Introduction&rft.btitle=Reading+Genesis+1-2%3A+An+Evangelical+Conversation&rft.pub=Hendrickson+Publishers&rft.date=2013&rft.aulast=Daryl+Charles&rft.aufirst=J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGenesis+creation+narrative" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDavidson1973" class="citation book cs1">Davidson, Robert (1973). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=7cIb7DvR5BsC">Genesis 1–11</a>. Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-09760-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-09760-4"><bdi>978-0-521-09760-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Genesis+1%E2%80%9311&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1973&rft.isbn=978-0-521-09760-4&rft.aulast=Davidson&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D7cIb7DvR5BsC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGenesis+creation+narrative" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDavies2001" class="citation book cs1">Davies, G.I. (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=DWUTDAAAQBAJ&q=%22The+first+major+comprehensive+Pentateuchal+narrative%22&pg=PA37">"Introduction to the Pentateuch"</a>. In Barton, John; Muddiman, John (eds.). Oxford Bible Commentary. Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Facref%2F9780198755005.001.0001">10.1093/acref/9780198755005.001.0001</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-927718-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-927718-6"><bdi>978-0-19-927718-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Introduction+to+the+Pentateuch&rft.btitle=Oxford+Bible+Commentary&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2001&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Facref%2F9780198755005.001.0001&rft.isbn=978-0-19-927718-6&rft.aulast=Davies&rft.aufirst=G.I.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DDWUTDAAAQBAJ%26q%3D%2522The%2Bfirst%2Bmajor%2Bcomprehensive%2BPentateuchal%2Bnarrative%2522%26pg%3DPA37&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGenesis+creation+narrative" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDay2014" class="citation book cs1">Day, John (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=rtveBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA1">"The Meaning and Background of the Priestly Creation Story (Genesis 1.1-2.4a)"</a>. From Creation to Babel: Studies in Genesis 1-11. Bloomsbury Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-567-37030-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-567-37030-3"><bdi>978-0-567-37030-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Meaning+and+Background+of+the+Priestly+Creation+Story+%28Genesis+1.1-2.4a%29&rft.btitle=From+Creation+to+Babel%3A+Studies+in+Genesis+1-11&rft.pub=Bloomsbury+Publishing&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-0-567-37030-3&rft.aulast=Day&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DrtveBAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGenesis+creation+narrative" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDay2021" class="citation book cs1">Day, John (2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=gIpFEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA1">"Genesis 1.1-5: The First Day of Creation"</a>. From Creation to Abraham: Further Studies in Genesis 1-11. Bloomsbury Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-567-70311-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-567-70311-8"><bdi>978-0-567-70311-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Genesis+1.1-5%3A+The+First+Day+of+Creation&rft.btitle=From+Creation+to+Abraham%3A+Further+Studies+in+Genesis+1-11&rft.pub=Bloomsbury+Publishing&rft.date=2021&rft.isbn=978-0-567-70311-8&rft.aulast=Day&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DgIpFEAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGenesis+creation+narrative" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDeretic2020" class="citation journal cs1">Deretic, Irina (2020). 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Biblical Archaeology Review. 42 (1): 18, 60. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160131130714/http://members.bib-arch.org/publication.asp?PubID=BSBA&Volume=42&Issue=1&ArticleID=10">Archived</a> from the original on 31 January 2016. Retrieved 22 January 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biblical+Archaeology+Review&rft.atitle=The+Multiple+Truths+of+Myths&rft.volume=42&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=18%2C+60&rft.date=2016&rft.aulast=Dolansky&rft.aufirst=Shawna&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmembers.bib-arch.org%2Fpublication.asp%3FPubID%3DBSBA%26Volume%3D42%26Issue%3D1%26ArticleID%3D10&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGenesis+creation+narrative" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEhrman2021" class="citation web cs1">Ehrman, Bart (2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ehrmanblog.org/two-contradictory-accounts-of-creation-in-genesis/">"Two (Contradictory?) Accounts of Creation in Genesis?"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Two+%28Contradictory%3F%29+Accounts+of+Creation+in+Genesis%3F&rft.date=2021&rft.aulast=Ehrman&rft.aufirst=Bart&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fehrmanblog.org%2Ftwo-contradictory-accounts-of-creation-in-genesis%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGenesis+creation+narrative" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEhrman2024" class="citation web cs1">Ehrman, Bart (2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bartehrman.com/the-book-of-genesis/">"The Book of Genesis: Summary, Authorship, and Dating"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Book+of+Genesis%3A+Summary%2C+Authorship%2C+and+Dating&rft.date=2024&rft.aulast=Ehrman&rft.aufirst=Bart&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bartehrman.com%2Fthe-book-of-genesis%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGenesis+creation+narrative" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFErickson1998" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Millard_Erickson" title="Millard Erickson">Erickson, Millard J.</a> (1998). Christian theology. Grand Rapids: Baker Book House. pp. 407–8. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8010-2182-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-8010-2182-0"><bdi>0-8010-2182-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Christian+theology&rft.place=Grand+Rapids&rft.pages=407-8&rft.pub=Baker+Book+House&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=0-8010-2182-0&rft.aulast=Erickson&rft.aufirst=Millard+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGenesis+creation+narrative" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFishbane2003" class="citation book cs1">Fishbane, Michael (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=6qZg42W9EFcC&q=Biblical+Myth+and+Rabbinic+Mythmaking">Biblical Myth and Rabbinic Mythmaking</a>. Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-826733-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-19-826733-9"><bdi>0-19-826733-9</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230308130920/https://books.google.com/books?id=6qZg42W9EFcC&q=Biblical+Myth+and+Rabbinic+Mythmaking">Archived</a> from the original on 8 March 2023. Retrieved 11 November 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Biblical+Myth+and+Rabbinic+Mythmaking&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=0-19-826733-9&rft.aulast=Fishbane&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D6qZg42W9EFcC%26q%3DBiblical%2BMyth%2Band%2BRabbinic%2BMythmaking&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGenesis+creation+narrative" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFriedmanDolansky_Overton2007" class="citation book cs1">Friedman, Richard Elliott; Dolansky Overton, Shawna (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.encyclopedia.com/philosophy-and-religion/bible/old-testament/pentateuch">"Pentateuch"</a>. In Skolnik, Fred; Berenbaum, Michael; Thomson Gale (Firm) (eds.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/70174939.html">Encyclopaedia Judaica</a>. Vol. 15 (2nd ed.). p. 734. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-02-865943-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-02-865943-5"><bdi>978-0-02-865943-5</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/774684287">774684287</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Pentateuch&rft.btitle=Encyclopaedia+Judaica&rft.pages=734&rft.edition=2nd&rft.date=2007&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F774684287&rft.isbn=978-0-02-865943-5&rft.aulast=Friedman&rft.aufirst=Richard+Elliott&rft.au=Dolansky+Overton%2C+Shawna&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.encyclopedia.com%2Fphilosophy-and-religion%2Fbible%2Fold-testament%2Fpentateuch&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGenesis+creation+narrative" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFutato1998" class="citation journal cs1">Futato, Mark (Spring 1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://faculty.gordon.edu/hu/bi/Ted_Hildebrandt/OTeSources/01-Genesis/Text/Articles-Books/Futato_RainGen2_WTJ.pdf">"Because it Had Rained: A Study of Genesis 2:5–7 With Implications for Genesis 2:4–25 and Genesis 1:1–2:3"</a> (<a href="/wiki/Portable_document_format" class="mw-redirect" title="Portable document format">PDF</a>). <a href="/wiki/Westminster_Theological_Journal" title="Westminster Theological Journal">Westminster Theological Journal</a>. 60 (1). Gordon: 1–21.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Westminster+Theological+Journal&rft.atitle=Because+it+Had+Rained%3A+A+Study+of+Genesis+2%3A5%E2%80%937+With+Implications+for+Genesis+2%3A4%E2%80%9325+and+Genesis+1%3A1%E2%80%932%3A3&rft.ssn=spring&rft.volume=60&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=1-21&rft.date=1998&rft.aulast=Futato&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffaculty.gordon.edu%2Fhu%2Fbi%2FTed_Hildebrandt%2FOTeSources%2F01-Genesis%2FText%2FArticles-Books%2FFutato_RainGen2_WTJ.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGenesis+creation+narrative" class="Z3988"> Reprinted in <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://thirdmill.org/newfiles/mar_futato/TH.Futato.Rained.1.html">"Part 1"</a>, Reformed Perspectives Magazine, Third mill</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reformed+Perspectives+Magazine&rft.atitle=Part+1&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fthirdmill.org%2Fnewfiles%2Fmar_futato%2FTH.Futato.Rained.1.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGenesis+creation+narrative" class="Z3988"> and <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://thirdmill.org/newfiles/mar_futato/TH.Futato.Rained.2.html">part 2</a>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGalambush2000" class="citation book cs1">Galambush, Julie (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=qRtUqxkB7wkC&q=Adam+Eve+rib">"Eve"</a>. In Freedman, David Noel; Myers, Allen C. (eds.). Eerdmans Dictionary of the Bible. Grand Rapids, Michigan: William B. Eerdmans Publishing Co. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-9-0535-6503-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-9-0535-6503-2"><bdi>978-9-0535-6503-2</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230308130921/https://books.google.com/books?id=qRtUqxkB7wkC&q=Adam+Eve+rib">Archived</a> from the original on 8 March 2023. Retrieved 10 March 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Eve&rft.btitle=Eerdmans+Dictionary+of+the+Bible&rft.place=Grand+Rapids%2C+Michigan&rft.pub=William+B.+Eerdmans+Publishing+Co.&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-9-0535-6503-2&rft.aulast=Galambush&rft.aufirst=Julie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DqRtUqxkB7wkC%26q%3DAdam%2BEve%2Brib&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGenesis+creation+narrative" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGarr2012" class="citation book cs1">Garr, John D. (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=z_NyCQAAQBAJ">Coequal and Counterbalanced</a>. Golden Key Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780979451492" title="Special:BookSources/9780979451492"><bdi>9780979451492</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Coequal+and+Counterbalanced&rft.pub=Golden+Key+Press&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=9780979451492&rft.aulast=Garr&rft.aufirst=John+D.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dz_NyCQAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGenesis+creation+narrative" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGmirkin2006" class="citation book cs1">Gmirkin, Russell E. (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=CKuoAwAAQBAJ&q=composition+table+of+nations+genesis">Berossus and Genesis, Manetho and Exodus</a>. Bloomsbury. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0567134394" title="Special:BookSources/978-0567134394"><bdi>978-0567134394</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Berossus+and+Genesis%2C+Manetho+and+Exodus&rft.pub=Bloomsbury&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0567134394&rft.aulast=Gmirkin&rft.aufirst=Russell+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DCKuoAwAAQBAJ%26q%3Dcomposition%2Btable%2Bof%2Bnations%2Bgenesis&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGenesis+creation+narrative" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGrudem2020" class="citation book cs1">Grudem, Wayne (2020). Systematic Theology, Second Edition. Zondervan Academic. p. 408. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-310-51797-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-310-51797-9"><bdi>978-0-310-51797-9</bdi></a>. <q>In conclusion, while the 'framework' view does not deny the truthfulness of Scripture, it adopts an interpretation of Scripture which, upon closer inspection, seems very unlikely.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Systematic+Theology%2C+Second+Edition&rft.pages=408&rft.pub=Zondervan+Academic&rft.date=2020&rft.isbn=978-0-310-51797-9&rft.aulast=Grudem&rft.aufirst=Wayne&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGenesis+creation+narrative" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHamilton1990" class="citation book cs1">Hamilton, Victor P (1990). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=WW31E9Zt5-wC&pg=PR3">The Book of Genesis: Chapters 1–17</a>. New International Commentary on the Old Testament (NICOT). Grand Rapids, Michigan: William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company. p. 540. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8028-2521-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-8028-2521-4"><bdi>0-8028-2521-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Book+of+Genesis%3A+Chapters+1%E2%80%9317&rft.place=Grand+Rapids%2C+Michigan&rft.series=New+International+Commentary+on+the+Old+Testament+%28NICOT%29&rft.pages=540&rft.pub=William+B.+Eerdmans+Publishing+Company&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=0-8028-2521-4&rft.aulast=Hamilton&rft.aufirst=Victor+P&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DWW31E9Zt5-wC%26pg%3DPR3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGenesis+creation+narrative" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHarmon2012" class="citation cs2">Harmon, William (2012), A Handbook to Literature (12th ed.), Boston: <a href="/wiki/Longman" title="Longman">Longman</a>, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-205-02401-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-205-02401-8"><bdi>978-0-205-02401-8</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Handbook+to+Literature&rft.place=Boston&rft.edition=12th&rft.pub=Longman&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-0-205-02401-8&rft.aulast=Harmon&rft.aufirst=William&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGenesis+creation+narrative" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHastings2003" class="citation book cs1">Hastings, James (2003). Encyclopedia of Religion and Ethics, Part 10. Kessinger Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7661-3682-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7661-3682-3"><bdi>978-0-7661-3682-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+Religion+and+Ethics%2C+Part+10&rft.pub=Kessinger+Publishing&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0-7661-3682-3&rft.aulast=Hastings&rft.aufirst=James&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGenesis+creation+narrative" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHayes2012" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Christine_Hayes" title="Christine Hayes">Hayes, Christine</a> (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=SKbkXYHxvlAC">Introduction to the Bible</a>. Yale University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780300188271" title="Special:BookSources/9780300188271"><bdi>9780300188271</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Introduction+to+the+Bible&rft.pub=Yale+University+Press&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=9780300188271&rft.aulast=Hayes&rft.aufirst=Christine&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DSKbkXYHxvlAC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGenesis+creation+narrative" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHugenberger1988" class="citation book cs1">Hugenberger, G.P. (1988). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=6OJvO2jMCr8C&q=adam+rib+side&pg=PA184">"Rib"</a>. In Bromiley, Geoffrey W. (ed.). The International Standard Bible Encyclopedia, Volume 4. Eerdmans. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8028-3784-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8028-3784-4"><bdi>978-0-8028-3784-4</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230308130923/https://books.google.com/books?id=6OJvO2jMCr8C&q=adam+rib+side&pg=PA184">Archived</a> from the original on 8 March 2023. Retrieved 11 November 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Rib&rft.btitle=The+International+Standard+Bible+Encyclopedia%2C+Volume+4&rft.pub=Eerdmans&rft.date=1988&rft.isbn=978-0-8028-3784-4&rft.aulast=Hugenberger&rft.aufirst=G.P.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D6OJvO2jMCr8C%26q%3Dadam%2Brib%2Bside%26pg%3DPA184&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGenesis+creation+narrative" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHutton2007" class="citation journal cs1">Hutton, Jeremy (2007). "Isaiah 51:9–11 and the Rhetorical Appropriation and Subversion of Hostile Theologies". Journal of Biblical Literature. 126 (2). Society of Biblical Literature: 271–303. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F27638435">10.2307/27638435</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/27638435">27638435</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Biblical+Literature&rft.atitle=Isaiah+51%3A9%E2%80%9311+and+the+Rhetorical+Appropriation+and+Subversion+of+Hostile+Theologies&rft.volume=126&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=271-303&rft.date=2007&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F27638435&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F27638435%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Hutton&rft.aufirst=Jeremy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGenesis+creation+narrative" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHyers1984" class="citation book cs1">Hyers, Conrad (1984). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ePfMEo2UAzsC&q=The+Numerology+of+Genesis&pg=PA74">The Meaning of Creation: Genesis and Modern Science</a>. Westminster John Knox Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8042-0125-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8042-0125-4"><bdi>978-0-8042-0125-4</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230308130923/https://books.google.com/books?id=ePfMEo2UAzsC&q=The+Numerology+of+Genesis&pg=PA74">Archived</a> from the original on 8 March 2023. Retrieved 11 November 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Meaning+of+Creation%3A+Genesis+and+Modern+Science&rft.pub=Westminster+John+Knox+Press&rft.date=1984&rft.isbn=978-0-8042-0125-4&rft.aulast=Hyers&rft.aufirst=Conrad&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DePfMEo2UAzsC%26q%3DThe%2BNumerology%2Bof%2BGenesis%26pg%3DPA74&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGenesis+creation+narrative" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIrons2000" class="citation journal cs1">Irons, Lee (January 2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.upper-register.com/papers/framework_interpretation.html">"The Framework Interpretation: An Exegetical Summary"</a>. Ordained Servant. 9 (1). Upper register: 7–11.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ordained+Servant&rft.atitle=The+Framework+Interpretation%3A+An+Exegetical+Summary&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=7-11&rft.date=2000-01&rft.aulast=Irons&rft.aufirst=Lee&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.upper-register.com%2Fpapers%2Fframework_interpretation.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGenesis+creation+narrative" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIronsKline2000" class="citation book cs1">———; <a href="/wiki/Meredith_G._Kline" class="mw-redirect" title="Meredith G. Kline">Kline, Meredith G</a> (2000). "The Framework Interpretation". In Hagopian, David G (ed.). The Genesis Debate: Three Views on the "Days" of Creation. Global Publishing Services. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-9702245-0-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-9702245-0-7"><bdi>978-0-9702245-0-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Framework+Interpretation&rft.btitle=The+Genesis+Debate%3A+Three+Views+on+the+%22Days%22+of+Creation&rft.pub=Global+Publishing+Services&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-0-9702245-0-7&rft.aulast=Irons&rft.aufirst=Lee&rft.au=Kline%2C+Meredith+G&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGenesis+creation+narrative" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJacobs2007" class="citation book cs1">Jacobs, Mignon R (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=KWt9AAAAMAAJ">Gender, Power, and Persuasion: The Genesis Narratives and Contemporary Perspectives</a>. Baker Academic. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8010-2706-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8010-2706-2"><bdi>978-0-8010-2706-2</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230308130924/https://books.google.com/books?id=KWt9AAAAMAAJ">Archived</a> from the original on 8 March 2023. Retrieved 11 November 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Gender%2C+Power%2C+and+Persuasion%3A+The+Genesis+Narratives+and+Contemporary+Perspectives&rft.pub=Baker+Academic&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-8010-2706-2&rft.aulast=Jacobs&rft.aufirst=Mignon+R&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DKWt9AAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGenesis+creation+narrative" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKaiser1997" class="citation book cs1">Kaiser, Christopher B. (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=BBgXuy_D8WEC&q=number+heavens+biblical+cosmology&pg=PA28">Creational Theology and the History of Physical Science</a>. Brill. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/90-04-10669-3" title="Special:BookSources/90-04-10669-3"><bdi>90-04-10669-3</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230308131424/https://books.google.com/books?id=BBgXuy_D8WEC&q=number+heavens+biblical+cosmology&pg=PA28">Archived</a> from the original on 8 March 2023. Retrieved 11 November 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Creational+Theology+and+the+History+of+Physical+Science&rft.pub=Brill&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=90-04-10669-3&rft.aulast=Kaiser&rft.aufirst=Christopher+B.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DBBgXuy_D8WEC%26q%3Dnumber%2Bheavens%2Bbiblical%2Bcosmology%26pg%3DPA28&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGenesis+creation+narrative" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKatsos2023" class="citation book cs1">Katsos, Isidoros (2023). The Metaphysics of Light in the Hexaemeral Literature: From Philo of Alexandria to Gregory of Nyssa. Oxford University Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Metaphysics+of+Light+in+the+Hexaemeral+Literature%3A+From+Philo+of+Alexandria+to+Gregory+of+Nyssa&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2023&rft.aulast=Katsos&rft.aufirst=Isidoros&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGenesis+creation+narrative" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKissling2004" class="citation book cs1">Kissling, Paul (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=lotBnvqdmeQC">Genesis, Volume 1</a>. College Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-89900-875-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-89900-875-2"><bdi>978-0-89900-875-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Genesis%2C+Volume+1&rft.pub=College+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0-89900-875-2&rft.aulast=Kissling&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DlotBnvqdmeQC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGenesis+creation+narrative" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKlammWinitzer2023" class="citation book cs1">Klamm, Kacie; Winitzer, Abraham (2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oxfordbibliographies.com/display/document/obo-9780195393361/obo-9780195393361-0321.xml">"Mesopotamian Mythology and Genesis 1–11"</a>. Biblical Studies. Oxford Bibliographies. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fobo%2F9780195393361-0321">10.1093/obo/9780195393361-0321</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-539336-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-539336-1"><bdi>978-0-19-539336-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Mesopotamian+Mythology+and+Genesis+1%E2%80%9311&rft.btitle=Biblical+Studies&rft.pub=Oxford+Bibliographies&rft.date=2023&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fobo%2F9780195393361-0321&rft.isbn=978-0-19-539336-1&rft.aulast=Klamm&rft.aufirst=Kacie&rft.au=Winitzer%2C+Abraham&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.oxfordbibliographies.com%2Fdisplay%2Fdocument%2Fobo-9780195393361%2Fobo-9780195393361-0321.xml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGenesis+creation+narrative" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKline1958" class="citation journal cs1">Kline, Meredith G. (May 1958). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.asa3.org/ASA/resources/WTJ/WTJ58Kline.html">"Because It Had Not Rained"</a>. Westminster Theological Journal. 20 (2): 146–57.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Westminster+Theological+Journal&rft.atitle=Because+It+Had+Not+Rained&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=146-57&rft.date=1958-05&rft.aulast=Kline&rft.aufirst=Meredith+G.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.asa3.org%2FASA%2Fresources%2FWTJ%2FWTJ58Kline.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGenesis+creation+narrative" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKline1996" class="citation journal cs1">——— (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.asa3.org/ASA/PSCF/1996/PSCF3-96Kline.html">"Space and Time in the Genesis Cosmogony"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Perspectives_on_Science_and_Christian_Faith" title="Perspectives on Science and Christian Faith">Perspectives on Science and Christian Faith</a> (48): 2–15.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Perspectives+on+Science+and+Christian+Faith&rft.atitle=Space+and+Time+in+the+Genesis+Cosmogony&rft.issue=48&rft.pages=2-15&rft.date=1996&rft.aulast=Kline&rft.aufirst=Meredith+G.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.asa3.org%2FASA%2FPSCF%2F1996%2FPSCF3-96Kline.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGenesis+creation+narrative" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKline2016" class="citation book cs1">Kline, Meredith G. (2016). Genesis: A New Commentary. Hendrickson Publishers Marketing, LLC. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-619-70852-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-619-70852-5"><bdi>978-1-619-70852-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Genesis%3A+A+New+Commentary&rft.pub=Hendrickson+Publishers+Marketing%2C+LLC&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-1-619-70852-5&rft.aulast=Kline&rft.aufirst=Meredith+G.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGenesis+creation+narrative" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKnight1990" class="citation book cs1">Knight, Douglas A (1990). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=goq0VWw9rGIC&q=Mercer+Dictionary+of+the+Bible+Cosmology&pg=PA176">"Cosmology"</a>. In Watson E. Mills (ed.). Mercer Dictionary of the Bible. Mercer University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-86554-373-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-86554-373-7"><bdi>978-0-86554-373-7</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230308131426/https://books.google.com/books?id=goq0VWw9rGIC&q=Mercer+Dictionary+of+the+Bible+Cosmology&pg=PA176">Archived</a> from the original on 8 March 2023. Retrieved 11 November 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Cosmology&rft.btitle=Mercer+Dictionary+of+the+Bible&rft.pub=Mercer+University+Press&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=978-0-86554-373-7&rft.aulast=Knight&rft.aufirst=Douglas+A&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dgoq0VWw9rGIC%26q%3DMercer%2BDictionary%2Bof%2Bthe%2BBible%2BCosmology%26pg%3DPA176&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGenesis+creation+narrative" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKnohl2003" class="citation book cs1">Knohl, Israel (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=t9WlYeg1NrYC">The Divine Symphony: The Bible's Many Voices</a>. Jewish Publication Society. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8276-1018-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8276-1018-7"><bdi>978-0-8276-1018-7</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230308131426/https://books.google.com/books?id=t9WlYeg1NrYC">Archived</a> from the original on 8 March 2023. Retrieved 11 November 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Divine+Symphony%3A+The+Bible%27s+Many+Voices&rft.pub=Jewish+Publication+Society&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0-8276-1018-7&rft.aulast=Knohl&rft.aufirst=Israel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dt9WlYeg1NrYC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGenesis+creation+narrative" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKooij2010" class="citation book cs1">Kooij, Arie van der (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=1DXDt2-eJsYC&q=The+story+of+Paradise+in+the+light+of+Mesopotamian+culture+and+literature&pg=PA3">"The Story of Paradise in the Light of Mesopotamian Culture and Literature"</a>. In Dell, Katherine J; Davies, Graham; Koh, Yee Von (eds.). Genesis, Isaiah, and Psalms. Brill. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-04-18231-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-04-18231-8"><bdi>978-90-04-18231-8</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230308131515/https://books.google.com/books?id=1DXDt2-eJsYC&q=The+story+of+Paradise+in+the+light+of+Mesopotamian+culture+and+literature&pg=PA3">Archived</a> from the original on 8 March 2023. Retrieved 11 November 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Story+of+Paradise+in+the+Light+of+Mesopotamian+Culture+and+Literature&rft.btitle=Genesis%2C+Isaiah%2C+and+Psalms&rft.pub=Brill&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-90-04-18231-8&rft.aulast=Kooij&rft.aufirst=Arie+van+der&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D1DXDt2-eJsYC%26q%3DThe%2Bstory%2Bof%2BParadise%2Bin%2Bthe%2Blight%2Bof%2BMesopotamian%2Bculture%2Band%2Bliterature%26pg%3DPA3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGenesis+creation+narrative" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKramer1963" class="citation book cs1">Kramer, Samuel Noah (1963). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/sumerianstheirhi00samu">The Sumerians: Their History, Culture, and Character</a>. University of Chicago Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-226-45238-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-226-45238-7"><bdi>0-226-45238-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Sumerians%3A+Their+History%2C+Culture%2C+and+Character&rft.pub=University+of+Chicago+Press&rft.date=1963&rft.isbn=0-226-45238-7&rft.aulast=Kramer&rft.aufirst=Samuel+Noah&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsumerianstheirhi00samu&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGenesis+creation+narrative" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKutsko2000" class="citation book cs1">Kutsko, John F. (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ydAh7kxQuzMC&q=Between+Heaven+and+Earth%3A+divine+presence+and+absence+in+the+Book+of+Ezekiel">Between Heaven and Earth: Divine Presence and Absence in the Book of Ezekiel</a>. Eisenbrauns. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-57506-041-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-57506-041-5"><bdi>978-1-57506-041-5</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230308131427/https://books.google.com/books?id=ydAh7kxQuzMC&q=Between+Heaven+and+Earth%3A+divine+presence+and+absence+in+the+Book+of+Ezekiel">Archived</a> from the original on 8 March 2023. Retrieved 11 November 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Between+Heaven+and+Earth%3A+Divine+Presence+and+Absence+in+the+Book+of+Ezekiel&rft.pub=Eisenbrauns&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-1-57506-041-5&rft.aulast=Kutsko&rft.aufirst=John+F.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DydAh7kxQuzMC%26q%3DBetween%2BHeaven%2Band%2BEarth%253A%2Bdivine%2Bpresence%2Band%2Babsence%2Bin%2Bthe%2BBook%2Bof%2BEzekiel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGenesis+creation+narrative" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKvam_et_al._1999" class="citation book cs1">Kvam, Kristen E.; Schearing, Linda S.; Ziegler, Valarie H., eds. (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Ux3bSDa2rHkC&q=Eve+and+Adam:+Jewish,+Christian,+and+Muslim+readings+on+Genesis+and+gender">Eve and Adam: Jewish, Christian, and Muslim Readings on Genesis and Gender</a>. Indiana University Press. p. 515. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-253-21271-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-253-21271-5"><bdi>0-253-21271-5</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230308131427/https://books.google.com/books?id=Ux3bSDa2rHkC&q=Eve+and+Adam:+Jewish,+Christian,+and+Muslim+readings+on+Genesis+and+gender">Archived</a> from the original on 8 March 2023. Retrieved 11 November 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Eve+and+Adam%3A+Jewish%2C+Christian%2C+and+Muslim+Readings+on+Genesis+and+Gender&rft.pages=515&rft.pub=Indiana+University+Press&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=0-253-21271-5&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DUx3bSDa2rHkC%26q%3DEve%2Band%2BAdam%3A%2BJewish%2C%2BChristian%2C%2Band%2BMuslim%2Breadings%2Bon%2BGenesis%2Band%2Bgender&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGenesis+creation+narrative" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLambert_1965" class="citation news cs1">Lambert, W. G. (1965). "A New Look at the Babylonian Background of Genesis". The Journal of Theological Studies. Vol. 16, no. 2. pp. 287–300. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/23959032">23959032</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+Theological+Studies&rft.atitle=A+New+Look+at+the+Babylonian+Background+of+Genesis&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=287-300&rft.date=1965&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F23959032%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Lambert&rft.aufirst=W.+G.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGenesis+creation+narrative" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLeeming2004" class="citation book cs1">Leeming, David A. (2004). "Biblical creation". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oxfordreference.com/views/ENTRY.html?subview=Main&entry=t208.e229">The Oxford Companion to World Mythology</a>. Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-515669-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-515669-0"><bdi>978-0-19-515669-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Biblical+creation&rft.btitle=The+Oxford+Companion+to+World+Mythology&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0-19-515669-0&rft.aulast=Leeming&rft.aufirst=David+A.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oxfordreference.com%2Fviews%2FENTRY.html%3Fsubview%3DMain%26entry%3Dt208.e229&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGenesis+creation+narrative" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLeemingLeeming2004" class="citation book cs1">Leeming, David A.; Leeming, Margaret (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=vetARxZS-bMC&pg=PA113">A Dictionary of Creation Myths</a>. Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-510275-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-510275-8"><bdi>978-0-19-510275-8</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230308131431/https://books.google.com/books?id=vetARxZS-bMC&pg=PA113">Archived</a> from the original on 8 March 2023. Retrieved 2 February 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Dictionary+of+Creation+Myths&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0-19-510275-8&rft.aulast=Leeming&rft.aufirst=David+A.&rft.au=Leeming%2C+Margaret&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DvetARxZS-bMC%26pg%3DPA113&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGenesis+creation+narrative" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLevenson2004" class="citation book cs1">Levenson, Jon D. (2004). "Genesis: Introduction and Annotations". In Berlin, Adele; Brettler, Marc Zvi (eds.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780195297515">The Jewish study Bible</a>. Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-529751-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-529751-5"><bdi>978-0-19-529751-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Genesis%3A+Introduction+and+Annotations&rft.btitle=The+Jewish+study+Bible&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0-19-529751-5&rft.aulast=Levenson&rft.aufirst=Jon+D.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fisbn_9780195297515&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGenesis+creation+narrative" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLongman2005" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Tremper_Longman" title="Tremper Longman">Longman, Tremper</a> (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=SKEJ3kT7S2kC">How to Read Genesis</a>. How to Read Series. InterVarsity Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780830875603" title="Special:BookSources/9780830875603"><bdi>9780830875603</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=How+to+Read+Genesis&rft.series=How+to+Read+Series&rft.pub=InterVarsity+Press&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=9780830875603&rft.aulast=Longman&rft.aufirst=Tremper&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DSKEJ3kT7S2kC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGenesis+creation+narrative" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMay2004" class="citation book cs1">May, Gerhard (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=eu4RBwAAQBAJ&q=%22tension+between+the+idea+of+world-formation%22&pg=PA179">Creatio Ex Nihilo</a> (English trans. of 1994 ed.). T&T Clarke International. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-567-08356-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-567-08356-2"><bdi>978-0-567-08356-2</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230308131431/https://books.google.com/books?id=eu4RBwAAQBAJ&q=%22tension+between+the+idea+of+world-formation%22&pg=PA179">Archived</a> from the original on 8 March 2023. Retrieved 11 November 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Creatio+Ex+Nihilo&rft.edition=English+trans.+of+1994&rft.pub=T%26T+Clarke+International&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0-567-08356-2&rft.aulast=May&rft.aufirst=Gerhard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Deu4RBwAAQBAJ%26q%3D%2522tension%2Bbetween%2Bthe%2Bidea%2Bof%2Bworld-formation%2522%26pg%3DPA179&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGenesis+creation+narrative" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcCabe2005" class="citation journal cs1">McCabe, Robert V (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dbts.edu/journals/2005/McCabe.pdf">"A Critique of the Framework Interpretation of the Creation Account (Part 1 of 2)"</a> (PDF). Detroit Baptist Seminary Journal. 10: 19–67.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Detroit+Baptist+Seminary+Journal&rft.atitle=A+Critique+of+the+Framework+Interpretation+of+the+Creation+Account+%28Part+1+of+2%29&rft.volume=10&rft.pages=19-67&rft.date=2005&rft.aulast=McCabe&rft.aufirst=Robert+V&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dbts.edu%2Fjournals%2F2005%2FMcCabe.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGenesis+creation+narrative" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcDermott2002" class="citation book cs1">McDermott, John J. (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Dkr7rVd3hAQC&q=Reading+the+Pentateuch%3A+a+historical+introduction">Reading the Pentateuch: A Historical Introduction</a>. Paulist Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8091-4082-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8091-4082-4"><bdi>978-0-8091-4082-4</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230308131432/https://books.google.com/books?id=Dkr7rVd3hAQC&q=Reading+the+Pentateuch%3A+a+historical+introduction">Archived</a> from the original on 8 March 2023. Retrieved 11 November 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Reading+the+Pentateuch%3A+A+Historical+Introduction&rft.pub=Paulist+Press&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0-8091-4082-4&rft.aulast=McDermott&rft.aufirst=John+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DDkr7rVd3hAQC%26q%3DReading%2Bthe%2BPentateuch%253A%2Ba%2Bhistorical%2Bintroduction&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGenesis+creation+narrative" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNebe2002" class="citation book cs1">Nebe, Gottfried (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=tz_8VGMy014C&q=Gottfried+Nebe+Creation+in+Paul%27s+Theology&pg=PA111">"Creation in Paul's Theology"</a>. In Hoffman, Yair; Reventlow, Henning Graf (eds.). Creation in Jewish and Christian Tradition. Sheffield Academic Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-567-57393-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-567-57393-3"><bdi>978-0-567-57393-3</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230308131444/https://books.google.com/books?id=tz_8VGMy014C&q=Gottfried+Nebe+Creation+in+Paul%27s+Theology&pg=PA111">Archived</a> from the original on 8 March 2023. Retrieved 11 November 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Creation+in+Paul%27s+Theology&rft.btitle=Creation+in+Jewish+and+Christian+Tradition&rft.pub=Sheffield+Academic+Press&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0-567-57393-3&rft.aulast=Nebe&rft.aufirst=Gottfried&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dtz_8VGMy014C%26q%3DGottfried%2BNebe%2BCreation%2Bin%2BPaul%2527s%2BTheology%26pg%3DPA111&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGenesis+creation+narrative" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFParrish1990" class="citation book cs1">Parrish, V. Steven (1990). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=goq0VWw9rGIC&q=Creation%2C+Wisdom+and+the+Torah&pg=PA183">"Creation"</a>. In Watson E. Mills (ed.). Mercer Dictionary of the Bible. Mercer University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-86554-373-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-86554-373-7"><bdi>978-0-86554-373-7</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230308131432/https://books.google.com/books?id=goq0VWw9rGIC&q=Creation%2C+Wisdom+and+the+Torah&pg=PA183">Archived</a> from the original on 8 March 2023. Retrieved 11 November 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Creation&rft.btitle=Mercer+Dictionary+of+the+Bible&rft.pub=Mercer+University+Press&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=978-0-86554-373-7&rft.aulast=Parrish&rft.aufirst=V.+Steven&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dgoq0VWw9rGIC%26q%3DCreation%252C%2BWisdom%2Band%2Bthe%2BTorah%26pg%3DPA183&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGenesis+creation+narrative" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPropp1990" class="citation book cs1">Propp, W.H. (1990). "Eden Sketches". In Propp, W.H.; Halpern, Baruch; Freedman, D.N. (eds.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=93eMm1X80vcC">The Hebrew Bible and its Interpreters</a>. Eisenbrauns. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-931464-52-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-931464-52-2"><bdi>978-0-931464-52-2</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230308131927/https://books.google.com/books?id=93eMm1X80vcC">Archived</a> from the original on 8 March 2023. Retrieved 2 February 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Eden+Sketches&rft.btitle=The+Hebrew+Bible+and+its+Interpreters&rft.pub=Eisenbrauns&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=978-0-931464-52-2&rft.aulast=Propp&rft.aufirst=W.H.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D93eMm1X80vcC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGenesis+creation+narrative" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRandom_House1979" class="citation cs2">The Random House Dictionary of the English Language, New York: <a href="/wiki/Random_House" title="Random House">Random House</a>, 1979, <a href="/wiki/LCCN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="LCCN (identifier)">LCCN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lccn.loc.gov/74-129225">74-129225</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Random+House+Dictionary+of+the+English+Language&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Random+House&rft.date=1979&rft_id=info%3Alccn%2F74-129225&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGenesis+creation+narrative" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRidderbos1957" class="citation book cs1">Ridderbos, N.H. (1957). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=yTqgOQAACAAJ">Is There a Conflict Between Genesis 1 and Natural Science?</a>. Eerdmans.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Is+There+a+Conflict+Between+Genesis+1+and+Natural+Science%3F&rft.pub=Eerdmans&rft.date=1957&rft.aulast=Ridderbos&rft.aufirst=N.H.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DyTqgOQAACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGenesis+creation+narrative" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFvan_Ruiten2000" class="citation book cs1">van Ruiten, Jacques T. A. G. M. (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=1xxo82l7TeQC&pg=PA9">Primaeval History Interpreted</a>. Brill. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/90-04-11658-3" title="Special:BookSources/90-04-11658-3"><bdi>90-04-11658-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Primaeval+History+Interpreted&rft.pub=Brill&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=90-04-11658-3&rft.aulast=van+Ruiten&rft.aufirst=Jacques+T.+A.+G.+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D1xxo82l7TeQC%26pg%3DPA9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGenesis+creation+narrative" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRogerson1991" class="citation book cs1">Rogerson, John William (1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=EFle13pCS0wC">Genesis 1–11</a>. T&T Clark. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-567-08338-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-567-08338-8"><bdi>978-0-567-08338-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Genesis+1%E2%80%9311&rft.pub=T%26T+Clark&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=978-0-567-08338-8&rft.aulast=Rogerson&rft.aufirst=John+William&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DEFle13pCS0wC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGenesis+creation+narrative" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRyken_et_al1998" class="citation book cs1">Ryken, Leland; Wilhoit, Jim; Longman, Tremper; Duriez, Colin; Penney, Douglas; Reid, Daniel G., eds. (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=qjEYEjVVEosC&q=biblical+firmament&pg=PA172">"Cosmology"</a>. Dictionary of Biblical Imagery. InterVarsity Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8308-6733-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8308-6733-2"><bdi>978-0-8308-6733-2</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230308131931/https://books.google.com/books?id=qjEYEjVVEosC&q=biblical+firmament&pg=PA172">Archived</a> from the original on 8 March 2023. Retrieved 11 November 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Cosmology&rft.btitle=Dictionary+of+Biblical+Imagery&rft.pub=InterVarsity+Press&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-0-8308-6733-2&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DqjEYEjVVEosC%26q%3Dbiblical%2Bfirmament%26pg%3DPA172&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGenesis+creation+narrative" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSarna1966" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Nahum_M._Sarna" title="Nahum M. Sarna">Sarna, Nahum M.</a> (1966). Understanding Genesis: Through Rabbinic Tradition and Modern Scholarship. The Heritage of Biblical Israel. Vol. 1. New York: The Jewish Theological Seminary of America. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0873341775" title="Special:BookSources/0873341775"><bdi>0873341775</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Understanding+Genesis%3A+Through+Rabbinic+Tradition+and+Modern+Scholarship&rft.place=New+York&rft.series=The+Heritage+of+Biblical+Israel&rft.pub=The+Jewish+Theological+Seminary+of+America&rft.date=1966&rft.isbn=0873341775&rft.aulast=Sarna&rft.aufirst=Nahum+M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGenesis+creation+narrative" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSarna1997" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Nahum_Sarna" class="mw-redirect" title="Nahum Sarna">Sarna, Nahum M.</a> (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=c7BSe16MeRsC&q=The+Mists+of+Time%3A+Genesis+I-II+Nahum+Sarna&pg=PA49">"The Mists of Time: Genesis I–II"</a>. In Feyerick, Ada (ed.). Genesis: World of Myths and Patriarchs. New York: New York University Press. pp. 49–82. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8147-2668-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-8147-2668-2"><bdi>0-8147-2668-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Mists+of+Time%3A+Genesis+I%E2%80%93II&rft.btitle=Genesis%3A+World+of+Myths+and+Patriarchs&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=49-82&rft.pub=New+York+University+Press&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=0-8147-2668-2&rft.aulast=Sarna&rft.aufirst=Nahum+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dc7BSe16MeRsC%26q%3DThe%2BMists%2Bof%2BTime%253A%2BGenesis%2BI-II%2BNahum%2BSarna%26pg%3DPA49&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGenesis+creation+narrative" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSeidman2010" class="citation book cs1">Seidman, Naomi (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=H4JvhWo04oEC&q=%22on+the+subject+of+creation+biblical+tradition+aligned+itself+with+the+traditional+tenets+of+Babylonian+science%22&pg=PA166">"Translation"</a>. In Ronald Hendel (ed.). Reading Genesis: Ten Methods. Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-51861-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-51861-1"><bdi>978-0-521-51861-1</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230308131929/https://books.google.com/books?id=H4JvhWo04oEC&q=%22on+the+subject+of+creation+biblical+tradition+aligned+itself+with+the+traditional+tenets+of+Babylonian+science%22&pg=PA166">Archived</a> from the original on 8 March 2023. Retrieved 11 November 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Translation&rft.btitle=Reading+Genesis%3A+Ten+Methods&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0-521-51861-1&rft.aulast=Seidman&rft.aufirst=Naomi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DH4JvhWo04oEC%26q%3D%2522on%2Bthe%2Bsubject%2Bof%2Bcreation%2Bbiblical%2Btradition%2Baligned%2Bitself%2Bwith%2Bthe%2Btraditional%2Btenets%2Bof%2BBabylonian%2Bscience%2522%26pg%3DPA166&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGenesis+creation+narrative" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSeeley1991" class="citation journal cs1">Seeley, Paul H. (1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090305132849/http://faculty.gordon.edu/hu/bi/Ted_Hildebrandt/OTeSources/01-Genesis/Text/Articles-Books/Seely-Firmament-WTJ.pdf">"The Firmament and the Water Above: The Meaning of Raqia in Genesis 1:6–8"</a> (PDF). Westminster Theological Journal. 53. Westminster Theological Seminary: 227–40. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://faculty.gordon.edu/hu/bi/Ted_Hildebrandt/OTeSources/01-Genesis/Text/Articles-Books/Seely-Firmament-WTJ.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 5 March 2009. Retrieved 11 December 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Westminster+Theological+Journal&rft.atitle=The+Firmament+and+the+Water+Above%3A+The+Meaning+of+Raqia+in+Genesis+1%3A6%E2%80%938&rft.volume=53&rft.pages=227-40&rft.date=1991&rft.aulast=Seeley&rft.aufirst=Paul+H.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffaculty.gordon.edu%2Fhu%2Fbi%2FTed_Hildebrandt%2FOTeSources%2F01-Genesis%2FText%2FArticles-Books%2FSeely-Firmament-WTJ.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGenesis+creation+narrative" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSeeley1997" class="citation journal cs1">Seeley, Paul H. (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201016190009/http://faculty.gordon.edu/hu/bi/ted_hildebrandt/OTeSources/01-Genesis/Text/Articles-Books/Seely_EarthSeas_WTJ.pdf">"The Geographical Meaning of 'Earth' and 'Seas' in Genesis 1:10"</a> (PDF). Westminster Theological Journal. 59. Westminster Theological Seminary: 231–55. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://faculty.gordon.edu/hu/bi/Ted_Hildebrandt/OTeSources/01-Genesis/Text/Articles-Books/Seely_EarthSeas_WTJ.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 16 October 2020. Retrieved 11 December 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Westminster+Theological+Journal&rft.atitle=The+Geographical+Meaning+of+%27Earth%27+and+%27Seas%27+in+Genesis+1%3A10&rft.volume=59&rft.pages=231-55&rft.date=1997&rft.aulast=Seeley&rft.aufirst=Paul+H.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffaculty.gordon.edu%2Fhu%2Fbi%2FTed_Hildebrandt%2FOTeSources%2F01-Genesis%2FText%2FArticles-Books%2FSeely_EarthSeas_WTJ.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGenesis+creation+narrative" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSka2006" class="citation book cs1">Ska, Jean-Louis (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=7cdy67ZvzdkC&q=Introduction+to+reading+the+Pentateuch+Jean+Louis+Ska">Introduction to Reading the Pentateuch</a>. Eisenbrauns. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-57506-122-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-57506-122-1"><bdi>978-1-57506-122-1</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230308131942/https://books.google.com/books?id=7cdy67ZvzdkC&q=Introduction+to+reading+the+Pentateuch+Jean+Louis+Ska">Archived</a> from the original on 8 March 2023. Retrieved 11 November 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Introduction+to+Reading+the+Pentateuch&rft.pub=Eisenbrauns&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-1-57506-122-1&rft.aulast=Ska&rft.aufirst=Jean-Louis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D7cdy67ZvzdkC%26q%3DIntroduction%2Bto%2Breading%2Bthe%2BPentateuch%2BJean%2BLouis%2BSka&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGenesis+creation+narrative" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSmith2001" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Mark_S._Smith" title="Mark S. Smith">Smith, Mark S.</a> (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=qKBlFnQj4AEC">The Origins of Biblical Monotheism: Israel's Polytheistic Background and the Ugaritic Texts</a> (New ed.). Oxford University Press USA. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-516768-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-19-516768-6"><bdi>0-19-516768-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Origins+of+Biblical+Monotheism%3A+Israel%27s+Polytheistic+Background+and+the+Ugaritic+Texts&rft.edition=New&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press+USA&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=0-19-516768-6&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=Mark+S.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DqKBlFnQj4AEC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGenesis+creation+narrative" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSmithPitard2008" class="citation book cs1">Smith, Mark; Pitard, Wayne (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=VO55DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA615">The Ugaritic Baal Cycle: Volume II. Introduction with Text, Translation and Commentary of KTU/CAT 1.3–1.4</a>. Brill. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-474-4232-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-474-4232-5"><bdi>978-90-474-4232-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Ugaritic+Baal+Cycle%3A+Volume+II.+Introduction+with+Text%2C+Translation+and+Commentary+of+KTU%2FCAT+1.3%E2%80%931.4&rft.pub=Brill&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-90-474-4232-5&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft.au=Pitard%2C+Wayne&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DVO55DwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA615&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGenesis+creation+narrative" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSoskice2010" class="citation book cs1">Soskice, Janet M. (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=iV-dWv_WhG0C&q=Creatio+ex+nihilo+its+jewish+and+christian+foundations+Janet+Soskice&pg=PA24">"Creatio ex nihilo: its Jewish and Christian foundations"</a>. In Burrell, David B.; Cogliati, Carlo; Soskice, Janet M.; Stoeger, William R. (eds.). Creation and the God of Abraham. Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-139-49078-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-139-49078-8"><bdi>978-1-139-49078-8</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230308131950/https://books.google.com/books?id=iV-dWv_WhG0C&q=Creatio+ex+nihilo+its+jewish+and+christian+foundations+Janet+Soskice&pg=PA24">Archived</a> from the original on 8 March 2023. Retrieved 11 November 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Creatio+ex+nihilo%3A+its+Jewish+and+Christian+foundations&rft.btitle=Creation+and+the+God+of+Abraham&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-1-139-49078-8&rft.aulast=Soskice&rft.aufirst=Janet+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DiV-dWv_WhG0C%26q%3DCreatio%2Bex%2Bnihilo%2Bits%2Bjewish%2Band%2Bchristian%2Bfoundations%2BJanet%2BSoskice%26pg%3DPA24&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGenesis+creation+narrative" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSpeiser1964" class="citation book cs1">Speiser, Ephraim Avigdor (1964). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/genesis00spei">Genesis</a>. Doubleday.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Genesis&rft.pub=Doubleday&rft.date=1964&rft.aulast=Speiser&rft.aufirst=Ephraim+Avigdor&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fgenesis00spei&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGenesis+creation+narrative" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSpencer2018" class="citation journal cs1">Spencer, Alexander (2018). "Narratives and the romantic genre in IR dominant and marginalized stories of Arab Rebellion in Libya". International Politics. 56 (1). Springer Science and Business Media LLC: 123–140. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1057%2Fs41311-018-0171-z">10.1057/s41311-018-0171-z</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1384-5748">1384-5748</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:149826920">149826920</a>. <q>Narratives here are considered to be part of human mental activity and give meaning to experiences.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Politics&rft.atitle=Narratives+and+the+romantic+genre+in+IR+dominant+and+marginalized+stories+of+Arab+Rebellion+in+Libya&rft.volume=56&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=123-140&rft.date=2018&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A149826920%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=1384-5748&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1057%2Fs41311-018-0171-z&rft.aulast=Spencer&rft.aufirst=Alexander&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGenesis+creation+narrative" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStordalen2000" class="citation book cs1">Stordalen, Terje (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=UIXwojA2_nYC&q=Echoes+of+Eden%3A+Genesis+2-3+and+symbolism+of+the+Eden+garden+in+Biblical">Echoes of Eden</a>. Peeters. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-429-0854-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-429-0854-3"><bdi>978-90-429-0854-3</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230308131931/https://books.google.com/books?id=UIXwojA2_nYC&q=Echoes+of+Eden%3A+Genesis+2-3+and+symbolism+of+the+Eden+garden+in+Biblical">Archived</a> from the original on 8 March 2023. Retrieved 11 November 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Echoes+of+Eden&rft.pub=Peeters&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-90-429-0854-3&rft.aulast=Stordalen&rft.aufirst=Terje&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DUIXwojA2_nYC%26q%3DEchoes%2Bof%2BEden%253A%2BGenesis%2B2-3%2Band%2Bsymbolism%2Bof%2Bthe%2BEden%2Bgarden%2Bin%2BBiblical&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGenesis+creation+narrative" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThomas2011" class="citation book cs1">Thomas, Matthew A. (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=wkpoApcZJTAC">These Are the Generations: Identity, Covenant and the Toledot Formula</a>. T&T Clark (Continuum). <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-567-48764-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-567-48764-3"><bdi>978-0-567-48764-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=These+Are+the+Generations%3A+Identity%2C+Covenant+and+the+Toledot+Formula&rft.pub=T%26T+Clark+%28Continuum%29&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-0-567-48764-3&rft.aulast=Thomas&rft.aufirst=Matthew+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DwkpoApcZJTAC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGenesis+creation+narrative" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThompson1980" class="citation book cs1">Thompson, J. A. (1980). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/bookofjeremiah00thom">Jeremiah</a>. New International Commentary on the Old Testament (2nd ed.). Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Company. p. 831. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8028-2530-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-8028-2530-3"><bdi>0-8028-2530-3</bdi></a>. <q>J.A Thompson Jeremiah.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Jeremiah&rft.series=New+International+Commentary+on+the+Old+Testament&rft.pages=831&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Wm.+B.+Eerdmans+Publishing+Company&rft.date=1980&rft.isbn=0-8028-2530-3&rft.aulast=Thompson&rft.aufirst=J.+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbookofjeremiah00thom&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGenesis+creation+narrative" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTsumura2022" class="citation book cs1">Tsumura, David Toshio (2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=l0B0EAAAQBAJ&pg=PA474">"Creation Out of Conflict? The Chaoskampf Motif in the Old Testament: Cosmic Dualism or creatio ex nihilo"</a>. In Macaskill, Grant; M. Maier, Christl; Schaper, Joachim (eds.). Congress Volume Aberdeen 2019. BRILL. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-04-51510-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-04-51510-9"><bdi>978-90-04-51510-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Creation+Out+of+Conflict%3F+The+Chaoskampf+Motif+in+the+Old+Testament%3A+Cosmic+Dualism+or+creatio+ex+nihilo&rft.btitle=Congress+Volume+Aberdeen+2019&rft.pub=BRILL&rft.date=2022&rft.isbn=978-90-04-51510-9&rft.aulast=Tsumura&rft.aufirst=David+Toshio&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dl0B0EAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA474&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGenesis+creation+narrative" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTurner2009" class="citation book cs1">Turner, Laurence A. (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=SvxTWrBZVtwC&q=Turner+Genesis">Genesis</a>. Sheffield Phoenix Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-906055-65-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-906055-65-3"><bdi>978-1-906055-65-3</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230308131940/https://books.google.com/books?id=SvxTWrBZVtwC&q=Turner+Genesis">Archived</a> from the original on 8 March 2023. Retrieved 11 November 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Genesis&rft.pub=Sheffield+Phoenix+Press&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-1-906055-65-3&rft.aulast=Turner&rft.aufirst=Laurence+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DSvxTWrBZVtwC%26q%3DTurner%2BGenesis&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGenesis+creation+narrative" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVan_Seters1998" class="citation book cs1">Van Seters, John (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=owwhpmIVgSAC&q=Van+Seters+The+Pentateuch+The+Hebrew+bible+today&pg=PA3">"The Pentateuch"</a>. In McKenzie, Steven L.; Graham, M. Patrick (eds.). The Hebrew Bible Today: An Introduction to Critical Issues. Westminster John Knox Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-664-25652-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-664-25652-4"><bdi>978-0-664-25652-4</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230308131947/https://books.google.com/books?id=owwhpmIVgSAC&q=Van+Seters+The+Pentateuch+The+Hebrew+bible+today&pg=PA3">Archived</a> from the original on 8 March 2023. Retrieved 11 November 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Pentateuch&rft.btitle=The+Hebrew+Bible+Today%3A+An+Introduction+to+Critical+Issues&rft.pub=Westminster+John+Knox+Press&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-0-664-25652-4&rft.aulast=Van+Seters&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DowwhpmIVgSAC%26q%3DVan%2BSeters%2BThe%2BPentateuch%2BThe%2BHebrew%2Bbible%2Btoday%26pg%3DPA3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGenesis+creation+narrative" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVan_Seters1992" class="citation book cs1">Van Seters, John (1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=zRl8aj_KiM4C">Prologue to History: The Yahwist As Historian in Genesis</a>. New International Commentary on the Old Testament. Westminster John Knox Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-664-22179-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-664-22179-3"><bdi>0-664-22179-3</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230308132451/https://books.google.com/books?id=zRl8aj_KiM4C">Archived</a> from the original on 8 March 2023. Retrieved 2 February 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Prologue+to+History%3A+The+Yahwist+As+Historian+in+Genesis&rft.series=New+International+Commentary+on+the+Old+Testament&rft.pub=Westminster+John+Knox+Press&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=0-664-22179-3&rft.aulast=Van+Seters&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DzRl8aj_KiM4C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGenesis+creation+narrative" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWalsh2001" class="citation book cs1">Walsh, Jerome T. (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=hGeXrcQTZ2kC">Style and Structure in Biblical Hebrew Narrative</a>. Liturgical Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8146-5897-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8146-5897-0"><bdi>978-0-8146-5897-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Style+and+Structure+in+Biblical+Hebrew+Narrative&rft.pub=Liturgical+Press&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-0-8146-5897-0&rft.aulast=Walsh&rft.aufirst=Jerome+T.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DhGeXrcQTZ2kC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGenesis+creation+narrative" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWaltke1991" class="citation journal cs1">Waltke, Bruce (1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140429190036/http://home.comcast.net/~oregonstate-fscf/fscf_apr_19_2006_acro5.pdf">"The Literary Genre of Genesis, Chapter One"</a> (PDF). Crux. 27 (4). Westminster Theological Seminary. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://home.comcast.net/~oregonstate-fscf/fscf_apr_19_2006_acro5.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 29 April 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Crux&rft.atitle=The+Literary+Genre+of+Genesis%2C+Chapter+One&rft.volume=27&rft.issue=4&rft.date=1991&rft.aulast=Waltke&rft.aufirst=Bruce&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhome.comcast.net%2F~oregonstate-fscf%2Ffscf_apr_19_2006_acro5.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGenesis+creation+narrative" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWaltkeFredricks2001" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Bruce_Waltke" title="Bruce Waltke">Waltke, Bruce K</a>; Fredricks, Cathi J (2001). Genesis. Zondervan. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-310-22458-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-310-22458-7"><bdi>978-0-310-22458-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Genesis&rft.pub=Zondervan&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-0-310-22458-7&rft.aulast=Waltke&rft.aufirst=Bruce+K&rft.au=Fredricks%2C+Cathi+J&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGenesis+creation+narrative" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWalton2001" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/John_H._Walton" title="John H. Walton">Walton, John H.</a> (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=qNbx-84TAwQC">The NIV Application Commentary: Genesis</a>. Zondervan Academic. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780310866206" title="Special:BookSources/9780310866206"><bdi>9780310866206</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+NIV+Application+Commentary%3A+Genesis&rft.pub=Zondervan+Academic&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=9780310866206&rft.aulast=Walton&rft.aufirst=John+H.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DqNbx-84TAwQC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGenesis+creation+narrative" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWalton2003" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Walton, John H. (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Ao5ecZ0ZsG8C&pg=PA155">"Creation"</a>. In Alexander, T. Desdmond; Baker, David W. (eds.). Dictionary of the Old Testament: Pentateuch. IVP Bible Dictionary Series. InterVarsity Press. pp. 155–168. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8308-1781-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8308-1781-8"><bdi>978-0-8308-1781-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Creation&rft.btitle=Dictionary+of+the+Old+Testament%3A+Pentateuch&rft.series=IVP+Bible+Dictionary+Series&rft.pages=155-168&rft.pub=InterVarsity+Press&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0-8308-1781-8&rft.aulast=Walton&rft.aufirst=John+H.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DAo5ecZ0ZsG8C%26pg%3DPA155&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGenesis+creation+narrative" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWalton2006" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/John_H._Walton" title="John H. Walton">Walton, John H.</a> (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=rhb20fH7cZYC">Ancient Near Eastern Thought and the Old Testament: Introducing the Conceptual World of the Hebrew Bible</a>. Baker Academic. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8010-2750-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-8010-2750-0"><bdi>0-8010-2750-0</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230308132458/https://books.google.com/books?id=rhb20fH7cZYC">Archived</a> from the original on 8 March 2023. Retrieved 2 February 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ancient+Near+Eastern+Thought+and+the+Old+Testament%3A+Introducing+the+Conceptual+World+of+the+Hebrew+Bible&rft.pub=Baker+Academic&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=0-8010-2750-0&rft.aulast=Walton&rft.aufirst=John+H.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Drhb20fH7cZYC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGenesis+creation+narrative" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWebster1984" class="citation cs2">Webster (1984), Webster's Seventh New Collegiate Dictionary, Springfield: <a href="/wiki/G._%26_C._Merriam_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="G. & C. Merriam Company">G. & C. Merriam Company</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Webster%27s+Seventh+New+Collegiate+Dictionary&rft.place=Springfield&rft.pub=G.+%26+C.+Merriam+Company&rft.date=1984&rft.au=Webster&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGenesis+creation+narrative" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWenham2003a" class="citation book cs1">Wenham, Gordon (2003a). Exploring the Old Testament: A Guide to the Pentateuch. Exploring the Bible Series. Vol. 1. IVP Academic. p. 223.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Exploring+the+Old+Testament%3A+A+Guide+to+the+Pentateuch&rft.series=Exploring+the+Bible+Series&rft.pages=223&rft.pub=IVP+Academic&rft.date=2003&rft.aulast=Wenham&rft.aufirst=Gordon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGenesis+creation+narrative" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWenham2003b" class="citation book cs1">Wenham, Gordon (2003b). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=2Vo-11umIZQC&q=Eerdmans+Commentary+on+the+Bible+Genesis&pg=PA32">"Genesis"</a>. In Dunn, James Douglas Grant; Rogerson, J. John William (eds.). Eerdmans Commentary on the Bible. Eerdmans. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8028-3711-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8028-3711-0"><bdi>978-0-8028-3711-0</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230308132501/https://books.google.com/books?id=2Vo-11umIZQC&q=Eerdmans+Commentary+on+the+Bible+Genesis&pg=PA32">Archived</a> from the original on 8 March 2023. Retrieved 11 November 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Genesis&rft.btitle=Eerdmans+Commentary+on+the+Bible&rft.pub=Eerdmans&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0-8028-3711-0&rft.aulast=Wenham&rft.aufirst=Gordon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D2Vo-11umIZQC%26q%3DEerdmans%2BCommentary%2Bon%2Bthe%2BBible%2BGenesis%26pg%3DPA32&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGenesis+creation+narrative" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWenham1987" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol"><a href="/wiki/Gordon_Wenham" title="Gordon Wenham">Wenham, Gordon J.</a> (1987). Genesis 1–15. Vol. 1 and 2. Waco, <a href="/wiki/Texas" title="Texas">TX</a>: Word Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8499-0200-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-8499-0200-2"><bdi>0-8499-0200-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Genesis+1%E2%80%9315&rft.place=Waco%2C+TX&rft.pub=Word+Books&rft.date=1987&rft.isbn=0-8499-0200-2&rft.aulast=Wenham&rft.aufirst=Gordon+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGenesis+creation+narrative" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWhybray2001" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/R._N._Whybray" title="R. N. Whybray">Whybray, R. N.</a> (2001). "Genesis". In Barton, John; Muddiman, John (eds.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Ef1QEAAAQBAJ">The Oxford Bible Commentary</a>. Oxford University Press. pp. 38–66. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Facref%2F9780198755005.001.0001">10.1093/acref/9780198755005.001.0001</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780198755005" title="Special:BookSources/9780198755005"><bdi>9780198755005</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Genesis&rft.btitle=The+Oxford+Bible+Commentary&rft.pages=38-66&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2001&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Facref%2F9780198755005.001.0001&rft.isbn=9780198755005&rft.aulast=Whybray&rft.aufirst=R.+N.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DEf1QEAAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGenesis+creation+narrative" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilkinson2009" class="citation book cs1">Wilkinson, David (2009). "Reading Genesis 1–3 in the Light of Modern Science". In Barton, Stephen C.; Wilkinson, David (eds.). Reading Genesis after Darwin. Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780195383362" title="Special:BookSources/9780195383362"><bdi>9780195383362</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Reading+Genesis+1%E2%80%933+in+the+Light+of+Modern+Science&rft.btitle=Reading+Genesis+after+Darwin&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=9780195383362&rft.aulast=Wilkinson&rft.aufirst=David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGenesis+creation+narrative" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWood1990" class="citation book cs1">Wood, Ralpth C (1990). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=goq0VWw9rGIC&q=Mercer+dictionary+bible+genre+concept&pg=PA323">"Genre, Concept of"</a>. In Watson E. Mills (ed.). Mercer Dictionary of the Bible. Mercer University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-86554-373-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-86554-373-7"><bdi>978-0-86554-373-7</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230308132459/https://books.google.com/books?id=goq0VWw9rGIC&q=Mercer+dictionary+bible+genre+concept&pg=PA323">Archived</a> from the original on 8 March 2023. Retrieved 11 November 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Genre%2C+Concept+of&rft.btitle=Mercer+Dictionary+of+the+Bible&rft.pub=Mercer+University+Press&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=978-0-86554-373-7&rft.aulast=Wood&rft.aufirst=Ralpth+C&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dgoq0VWw9rGIC%26q%3DMercer%2Bdictionary%2Bbible%2Bgenre%2Bconcept%26pg%3DPA323&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGenesis+creation+narrative" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWright2002" class="citation book cs1">Wright, J. Edward (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=lKvMeMorNBEC&q=Mesopotamian&pg=PA42">The Early History of Heaven</a>. Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-534849-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-534849-1"><bdi>978-0-19-534849-1</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230308132502/https://books.google.com/books?id=lKvMeMorNBEC&q=Mesopotamian&pg=PA42">Archived</a> from the original on 8 March 2023. Retrieved 11 November 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Early+History+of+Heaven&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0-19-534849-1&rft.aulast=Wright&rft.aufirst=J.+Edward&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DlKvMeMorNBEC%26q%3DMesopotamian%26pg%3DPA42&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGenesis+creation+narrative" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYoung1988" class="citation journal cs1">Young, Davis A (1988). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.asa3.org/ASA/PSCF/1988/PSCF3-88Young.html">"The Contemporary Relevance of Augustine's View of Creation"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Perspectives_on_Science_and_Christian_Faith" title="Perspectives on Science and Christian Faith">Perspectives on Science and Christian Faith</a>. 40 (1): 42–45. Retrieved 19 February 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Perspectives+on+Science+and+Christian+Faith&rft.atitle=The+Contemporary+Relevance+of+Augustine%27s+View+of+Creation&rft.volume=40&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=42-45&rft.date=1988&rft.aulast=Young&rft.aufirst=Davis+A&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.asa3.org%2FASA%2FPSCF%2F1988%2FPSCF3-88Young.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGenesis+creation+narrative" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239549316"><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrettler2005" class="citation book cs1">Brettler, Mark Zvi (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=39nQafdJ_ssC&q=Brettler">How To Read the Bible</a>. Jewish Publication Society. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8276-1001-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8276-1001-9"><bdi>978-0-8276-1001-9</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230308130405/https://books.google.com/books?id=39nQafdJ_ssC&q=Brettler">Archived</a> from the original on 8 March 2023. Retrieved 11 November 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=How+To+Read+the+Bible&rft.pub=Jewish+Publication+Society&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-8276-1001-9&rft.aulast=Brettler&rft.aufirst=Mark+Zvi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D39nQafdJ_ssC%26q%3DBrettler&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGenesis+creation+narrative" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrueggemann1982" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Walter_Brueggemann" title="Walter Brueggemann">Brueggemann, Walter</a> (1982). "Genesis 1:1–2.4". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=HYG1vlmpvIEC">Interpretation of Genesis</a>. Westminster John Knox Press. p. 382. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8042-3101-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8042-3101-5"><bdi>978-0-8042-3101-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Genesis+1%3A1%E2%80%932.4&rft.btitle=Interpretation+of+Genesis&rft.pages=382&rft.pub=Westminster+John+Knox+Press&rft.date=1982&rft.isbn=978-0-8042-3101-5&rft.aulast=Brueggemann&rft.aufirst=Walter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DHYG1vlmpvIEC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGenesis+creation+narrative" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCarr2011" class="citation book cs1">Carr, David M. (2011). "The Garden of Eden Story". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=OzHhuvuEQxQC&q=An+Introduction+to+the+Old+Testament%3A+Sacred+Texts+and+Imperial+Contexts">An Introduction to the Old Testament</a>. John Wiley & Sons. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4443-5623-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4443-5623-6"><bdi>978-1-4443-5623-6</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230308130406/https://books.google.com/books?id=OzHhuvuEQxQC&q=An+Introduction+to+the+Old+Testament%3A+Sacred+Texts+and+Imperial+Contexts">Archived</a> from the original on 8 March 2023. Retrieved 11 November 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Garden+of+Eden+Story&rft.btitle=An+Introduction+to+the+Old+Testament&rft.pub=John+Wiley+%26+Sons&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-1-4443-5623-6&rft.aulast=Carr&rft.aufirst=David+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DOzHhuvuEQxQC%26q%3DAn%2BIntroduction%2Bto%2Bthe%2BOld%2BTestament%253A%2BSacred%2BTexts%2Band%2BImperial%2BContexts&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGenesis+creation+narrative" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDalley2000" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Stephanie_Dalley" title="Stephanie Dalley">Dalley, Stephanie</a> (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=7ERp_y_w1nIC">Myths from Mesopotamia: Creation, the Flood, Gilgamesh, and Others</a>. Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-283589-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-283589-5"><bdi>978-0-19-283589-5</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230308130916/https://books.google.com/books?id=7ERp_y_w1nIC">Archived</a> from the original on 8 March 2023. Retrieved 2 February 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Myths+from+Mesopotamia%3A+Creation%2C+the+Flood%2C+Gilgamesh%2C+and+Others&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-0-19-283589-5&rft.aulast=Dalley&rft.aufirst=Stephanie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D7ERp_y_w1nIC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGenesis+creation+narrative" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFriedman2003" class="citation book cs1">Friedman, Richard Elliott (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=iw39_Eaq85QC&q=Friedman">The Bible with Sources Revealed</a>. HarperCollins. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-06-195129-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-06-195129-9"><bdi>978-0-06-195129-9</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230308130922/https://books.google.com/books?id=iw39_Eaq85QC&q=Friedman">Archived</a> from the original on 8 March 2023. Retrieved 11 November 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Bible+with+Sources+Revealed&rft.pub=HarperCollins&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0-06-195129-9&rft.aulast=Friedman&rft.aufirst=Richard+Elliott&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Diw39_Eaq85QC%26q%3DFriedman&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGenesis+creation+narrative" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGinzberg1909" class="citation book cs1">Ginzberg, Louis (1909). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.swartzentrover.com/cotor/e-books/misc/Legends/Legends%20of%20the%20Jews.pdf">The Legends of the Jews</a> (PDF). Jewish Publication Society. p. 695. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200313050820/http://www.swartzentrover.com/cotor/e-books/misc/Legends/Legends">Archived</a> from the original on 13 March 2020. Retrieved 2 February 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Legends+of+the+Jews&rft.pages=695&rft.pub=Jewish+Publication+Society&rft.date=1909&rft.aulast=Ginzberg&rft.aufirst=Louis&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.swartzentrover.com%2Fcotor%2Fe-books%2Fmisc%2FLegends%2FLegends%2520of%2520the%2520Jews.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGenesis+creation+narrative" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGraves_and_Patai1986" class="citation book cs1">Graves, Robert; Patai, Raphael (1986). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=4sqWAwAAQBAJ">Hebrew Myths: The Book of Genesis</a>. Random House. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7953-3715-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7953-3715-4"><bdi>978-0-7953-3715-4</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230308130923/https://books.google.com/books?id=4sqWAwAAQBAJ">Archived</a> from the original on 8 March 2023. Retrieved 2 February 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hebrew+Myths%3A+The+Book+of+Genesis&rft.pub=Random+House&rft.date=1986&rft.isbn=978-0-7953-3715-4&rft.aulast=Graves&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft.au=Patai%2C+Raphael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D4sqWAwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGenesis+creation+narrative" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHeidel1963" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Heidel" title="Alexander Heidel">Heidel, Alexander</a> (1963). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ge3AT4SewpgC&q=Babylonian+Genesis">Babylonian Genesis</a> (2nd ed.). Chicago University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-226-32399-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-226-32399-4"><bdi>0-226-32399-4</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230308130923/https://books.google.com/books?id=ge3AT4SewpgC&q=Babylonian+Genesis">Archived</a> from the original on 8 March 2023. Retrieved 11 November 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Babylonian+Genesis&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Chicago+University+Press&rft.date=1963&rft.isbn=0-226-32399-4&rft.aulast=Heidel&rft.aufirst=Alexander&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dge3AT4SewpgC%26q%3DBabylonian%2BGenesis&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGenesis+creation+narrative" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHeidel1963" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Heidel" title="Alexander Heidel">Heidel, Alexander</a> (1963). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=iRwMQVdZegAC&q=Gilgamesh+Epic+and+Old+Testament+Parallels">The Gilgamesh Epic and Old Testament Parallels</a> (2nd Revised ed.). Chicago University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-226-32398-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-226-32398-6"><bdi>0-226-32398-6</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230308130923/https://books.google.com/books?id=iRwMQVdZegAC&q=Gilgamesh+Epic+and+Old+Testament+Parallels">Archived</a> from the original on 8 March 2023. Retrieved 11 November 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Gilgamesh+Epic+and+Old+Testament+Parallels&rft.edition=2nd+Revised&rft.pub=Chicago+University+Press&rft.date=1963&rft.isbn=0-226-32398-6&rft.aulast=Heidel&rft.aufirst=Alexander&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DiRwMQVdZegAC%26q%3DGilgamesh%2BEpic%2Band%2BOld%2BTestament%2BParallels&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGenesis+creation+narrative" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKaplan2002" class="citation book cs1">Kaplan, Aryeh (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=bv5lmlmRmbwC&q=hashem+elokim+mercy+justice&pg=PA93">"Hashem/Elokim: Mixing Mercy with Justice"</a>. The Aryeh Kaplan Reader: The Gift He Left Behind. Mesorah Publication, Ltd. p. 224. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-89906-173-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-89906-173-7"><bdi>0-89906-173-7</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230308131425/https://books.google.com/books?id=bv5lmlmRmbwC&q=hashem+elokim+mercy+justice&pg=PA93">Archived</a> from the original on 8 March 2023. Retrieved 29 December 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Hashem%2FElokim%3A+Mixing+Mercy+with+Justice&rft.btitle=The+Aryeh+Kaplan+Reader%3A+The+Gift+He+Left+Behind&rft.pages=224&rft.pub=Mesorah+Publication%2C+Ltd.&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=0-89906-173-7&rft.aulast=Kaplan&rft.aufirst=Aryeh&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dbv5lmlmRmbwC%26q%3Dhashem%2Belokim%2Bmercy%2Bjustice%26pg%3DPA93&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGenesis+creation+narrative" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKing2010" class="citation book cs1">King, Leonard (2010). Enuma Elish: The Seven Tablets of Creation; The Babylonian and Assyrian Legends Concerning the Creation of the World and of Mankind. Cosimo Inc.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Enuma+Elish%3A+The+Seven+Tablets+of+Creation%3B+The+Babylonian+and+Assyrian+Legends+Concerning+the+Creation+of+the+World+and+of+Mankind&rft.pub=Cosimo+Inc&rft.date=2010&rft.aulast=King&rft.aufirst=Leonard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGenesis+creation+narrative" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKramer1956" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Noah_Kramer" title="Samuel Noah Kramer">Kramer, Samuel Noah</a> (1956). History Begins at Sumer: Thirty-Nine Firsts in Recorded History.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=History+Begins+at+Sumer%3A+Thirty-Nine+Firsts+in+Recorded+History&rft.date=1956&rft.aulast=Kramer&rft.aufirst=Samuel+Noah&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGenesis+creation+narrative" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKuglerHartin2009" class="citation book cs1">Kugler, Robert; Hartin, Patrick (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=L8WbXbPjxpoC&q=Robert+Kugler,+Patrick+Hartin">An Introduction to the Bible</a>. Eerdmans. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8028-4636-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8028-4636-5"><bdi>978-0-8028-4636-5</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230308131427/https://books.google.com/books?id=L8WbXbPjxpoC&q=Robert+Kugler,+Patrick+Hartin">Archived</a> from the original on 8 March 2023. Retrieved 11 November 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=An+Introduction+to+the+Bible&rft.pub=Eerdmans&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0-8028-4636-5&rft.aulast=Kugler&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft.au=Hartin%2C+Patrick&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DL8WbXbPjxpoC%26q%3DRobert%2BKugler%2C%2BPatrick%2BHartin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGenesis+creation+narrative" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLeeming2010" class="citation book cs1">Leeming, David A. (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=9I62BcuPxfYC">Creation Myths of the World: An Encyclopedia</a>. Vol. 1. ABC-CLIO. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-59884-174-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-59884-174-9"><bdi>978-1-59884-174-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Creation+Myths+of+the+World%3A+An+Encyclopedia&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-1-59884-174-9&rft.aulast=Leeming&rft.aufirst=David+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D9I62BcuPxfYC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGenesis+creation+narrative" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLouth2001" class="citation book cs1">Louth, Andrew (2001). "Introduction". In Andrew Louth (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=mw4uH4RIywEC&q=Louth+Genesis+1-11">Genesis 1–11</a>. InterVarsity Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8308-1471-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8308-1471-8"><bdi>978-0-8308-1471-8</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230308131431/https://books.google.com/books?id=mw4uH4RIywEC&q=Louth+Genesis+1-11">Archived</a> from the original on 8 March 2023. Retrieved 11 November 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Introduction&rft.btitle=Genesis+1%E2%80%9311&rft.pub=InterVarsity+Press&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-0-8308-1471-8&rft.aulast=Louth&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dmw4uH4RIywEC%26q%3DLouth%2BGenesis%2B1-11&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGenesis+creation+narrative" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcMullin2010" class="citation book cs1">McMullin, Ernin (2010). "Creation Ex Nihilo: Early History". In Burrell, David B.; Cogliati, Carlo; Soskice, Janet M.; Stoeger, William R. (eds.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=iV-dWv_WhG0C&q=Creation+and+the+God+of+Abraham">Creation and the God of Abraham</a>. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-139-49078-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-139-49078-8"><bdi>978-1-139-49078-8</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230308131530/https://books.google.com/books?id=iV-dWv_WhG0C&q=Creation+and+the+God+of+Abraham">Archived</a> from the original on 8 March 2023. Retrieved 11 November 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Creation+Ex+Nihilo%3A+Early+History&rft.btitle=Creation+and+the+God+of+Abraham&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-1-139-49078-8&rft.aulast=McMullin&rft.aufirst=Ernin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DiV-dWv_WhG0C%26q%3DCreation%2Band%2Bthe%2BGod%2Bof%2BAbraham&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGenesis+creation+narrative" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPenchansky2005" class="citation book cs1">Penchansky, David (November 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=BDq7AUgIYacC&q=Twilight+of+the+Gods:+Polytheism+in+the+Hebrew+Bible">Twilight of the Gods: Polytheism in the Hebrew Bible</a>. U.S.: Westminster/John Knox Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-664-22885-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-664-22885-2"><bdi>0-664-22885-2</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230308131922/https://books.google.com/books?id=BDq7AUgIYacC&q=Twilight+of+the+Gods:+Polytheism+in+the+Hebrew+Bible">Archived</a> from the original on 8 March 2023. Retrieved 11 November 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Twilight+of+the+Gods%3A+Polytheism+in+the+Hebrew+Bible&rft.place=U.S.&rft.pub=Westminster%2FJohn+Knox+Press&rft.date=2005-11&rft.isbn=0-664-22885-2&rft.aulast=Penchansky&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DBDq7AUgIYacC%26q%3DTwilight%2Bof%2Bthe%2BGods%3A%2BPolytheism%2Bin%2Bthe%2BHebrew%2BBible&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGenesis+creation+narrative" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSawyer1992" class="citation book cs1">Sawyer, John F.A. (1992). "The Image of God, the Wisdom of Serpents, and the Knowledge of Good and Evil". In Paul Morris, Deborah Sawyer (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=x6qOWyyQ87cC&q=Morris+Sawyer+A+Walk+in+the+Garden">A Walk in the Garden: Biblical, Iconographical and Literary Images of Eden</a>. Sheffield Academic Press Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-567-02447-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-567-02447-3"><bdi>978-0-567-02447-3</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230308131932/https://books.google.com/books?id=x6qOWyyQ87cC&q=Morris+Sawyer+A+Walk+in+the+Garden">Archived</a> from the original on 8 March 2023. Retrieved 11 November 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Image+of+God%2C+the+Wisdom+of+Serpents%2C+and+the+Knowledge+of+Good+and+Evil&rft.btitle=A+Walk+in+the+Garden%3A+Biblical%2C+Iconographical+and+Literary+Images+of+Eden&rft.pub=Sheffield+Academic+Press+Press&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=978-0-567-02447-3&rft.aulast=Sawyer&rft.aufirst=John+F.A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dx6qOWyyQ87cC%26q%3DMorris%2BSawyer%2BA%2BWalk%2Bin%2Bthe%2BGarden&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGenesis+creation+narrative" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchwartz_et_al2007" class="citation book cs1">Schwartz, Howard; Loebel-Fried, Caren; Ginsburg, Elliot K. (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=60iVk1p8Y9IC&q=Tree+of+Souls+%3A+The+Mythology+of+Judaism%3A+The+Mythology+of+Judaism">Tree of Souls: The Mythology of Judaism</a>. Oxford University Press. p. 704. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-535870-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-535870-4"><bdi>978-0-19-535870-4</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230308132222/https://books.google.com/books?id=60iVk1p8Y9IC&q=Tree+of+Souls+%3A+The+Mythology+of+Judaism%3A+The+Mythology+of+Judaism">Archived</a> from the original on 8 March 2023. Retrieved 11 November 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Tree+of+Souls%3A+The+Mythology+of+Judaism&rft.pages=704&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-19-535870-4&rft.aulast=Schwartz&rft.aufirst=Howard&rft.au=Loebel-Fried%2C+Caren&rft.au=Ginsburg%2C+Elliot+K.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D60iVk1p8Y9IC%26q%3DTree%2Bof%2BSouls%2B%253A%2BThe%2BMythology%2Bof%2BJudaism%253A%2BThe%2BMythology%2Bof%2BJudaism&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGenesis+creation+narrative" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSmith2002" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Mark_S._Smith" title="Mark S. Smith">Smith, Mark S.</a> (October 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=1yM3AuBh4AsC&q=The+Early+History+of+God">The Early History of God: Yahweh and the Other Deities in Ancient Israel</a> (2nd ed.). William B Eerdmans Publishing Co. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8028-3972-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-8028-3972-X"><bdi>0-8028-3972-X</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230308131927/https://books.google.com/books?id=1yM3AuBh4AsC&q=The+Early+History+of+God">Archived</a> from the original on 8 March 2023. Retrieved 11 November 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Early+History+of+God%3A+Yahweh+and+the+Other+Deities+in+Ancient+Israel&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=William+B+Eerdmans+Publishing+Co&rft.date=2002-10&rft.isbn=0-8028-3972-X&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=Mark+S.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D1yM3AuBh4AsC%26q%3DThe%2BEarly%2BHistory%2Bof%2BGod&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGenesis+creation+narrative" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStenhouse2000" class="citation book cs1">Stenhouse, John (2000). "Genesis and Science". In Gary B. Ferngren (ed.). The History of Science and Religion in the Western Tradition: An Encyclopedia. New York, London: Garland Publishing, Inc. p. 76. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8153-1656-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-8153-1656-9"><bdi>0-8153-1656-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Genesis+and+Science&rft.btitle=The+History+of+Science+and+Religion+in+the+Western+Tradition%3A+An+Encyclopedia&rft.place=New+York%2C+London&rft.pages=76&rft.pub=Garland+Publishing%2C+Inc&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=0-8153-1656-9&rft.aulast=Stenhouse&rft.aufirst=John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGenesis+creation+narrative" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStagg1978" class="citation book cs1">Stagg, Evelyn and Frank (1978). "Genesis and Science". Woman in the World of Jesus. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: Westminster Press. p. 135. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-664-24195-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-664-24195-6"><bdi>0-664-24195-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Genesis+and+Science&rft.btitle=Woman+in+the+World+of+Jesus&rft.place=Philadelphia%2C+Pennsylvania&rft.pages=135&rft.pub=Westminster+Press&rft.date=1978&rft.isbn=0-664-24195-6&rft.aulast=Stagg&rft.aufirst=Evelyn+and+Frank&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGenesis+creation+narrative" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTsumura2005" class="citation book cs1">Tsumura, David Toshio (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=qevX11bQRi8C&q=Creation+And+Destruction:+A+Reappraisal+of+the+Chaoskampf+Theory+in+the+Old+Testament">Creation And Destruction: A Reappraisal of the Chaoskampf Theory in the Old Testament</a>. Eisenbrauns. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-57506-106-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-57506-106-1"><bdi>978-1-57506-106-1</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230308131945/https://books.google.com/books?id=qevX11bQRi8C&q=Creation+And+Destruction:+A+Reappraisal+of+the+Chaoskampf+Theory+in+the+Old+Testament">Archived</a> from the original on 8 March 2023. Retrieved 11 November 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Creation+And+Destruction%3A+A+Reappraisal+of+the+Chaoskampf+Theory+in+the+Old+Testament&rft.pub=Eisenbrauns&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-1-57506-106-1&rft.aulast=Tsumura&rft.aufirst=David+Toshio&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DqevX11bQRi8C%26q%3DCreation%2BAnd%2BDestruction%3A%2BA%2BReappraisal%2Bof%2Bthe%2BChaoskampf%2BTheory%2Bin%2Bthe%2BOld%2BTestament&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGenesis+creation+narrative" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWaltonMatthewsChavalas2000" class="citation book cs1">Walton, John H.; Matthews, Victor H.; Chavalas, Mark W. (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=wIA3tH9HqY4C&q=cosmology+hebrew+bible&pg=PA505">"Genesis"</a>. The IVP Bible Background Commentary: Old Testament. InterVarsity Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8308-1419-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8308-1419-0"><bdi>978-0-8308-1419-0</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230308132459/https://books.google.com/books?id=wIA3tH9HqY4C&q=cosmology+hebrew+bible&pg=PA505">Archived</a> from the original on 8 March 2023. Retrieved 11 November 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Genesis&rft.btitle=The+IVP+Bible+Background+Commentary%3A+Old+Testament&rft.pub=InterVarsity+Press&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-0-8308-1419-0&rft.aulast=Walton&rft.aufirst=John+H.&rft.au=Matthews%2C+Victor+H.&rft.au=Chavalas%2C+Mark+W.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DwIA3tH9HqY4C%26q%3Dcosmology%2Bhebrew%2Bbible%26pg%3DPA505&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGenesis+creation+narrative" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWylen2005" class="citation book cs1">Wylen, Stephen M. (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=0EqnRc4FF30C&q=divine+names+mercy+justice+judaism&pg=PA108">"Chapter 6 Midrash"</a>. The Seventy Faces of Torah: The Jewish way of Reading the Sacred Scriptures. Paulist Press. p. 256. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8091-4179-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-8091-4179-5"><bdi>0-8091-4179-5</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230308132502/https://books.google.com/books?id=0EqnRc4FF30C&q=divine+names+mercy+justice+judaism&pg=PA108">Archived</a> from the original on 8 March 2023. Retrieved 11 November 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Chapter+6+Midrash&rft.btitle=The+Seventy+Faces+of+Torah%3A+The+Jewish+way+of+Reading+the+Sacred+Scriptures&rft.pages=256&rft.pub=Paulist+Press&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=0-8091-4179-5&rft.aulast=Wylen&rft.aufirst=Stephen+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D0EqnRc4FF30C%26q%3Ddivine%2Bnames%2Bmercy%2Bjustice%2Bjudaism%26pg%3DPA108&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGenesis+creation+narrative" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Framework_interpretation_2">Framework interpretation</h3></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Creation_according_to_Genesis" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Creation according to Genesis">Creation according to Genesis</a>.</div></div> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Biblical_texts">Biblical texts</h3></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt0101.htm">Chapter 1</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100612215544/http://mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt0101.htm">Archived</a> 12 June 2010 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt0102.htm">Chapter 2</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240113164027/https://mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt0102.htm">Archived</a> 13 January 2024 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (Hebrew–English text, translated according to the JPS 1917 Edition)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chabad.org/library/bible_cdo/aid/8165">Chapter 1</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chabad.org/library/bible_cdo/aid/8166">Chapter 2</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chabad.org/library/bible_cdo/aid/8167">Chapter 3</a> (Hebrew–English text, with Rashi's commentary. The translation is the authoritative Judaica Press version, edited by Rabbi A. J. Rosenberg.)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.usccb.org/nab/bible/genesis/genesis1.htm">Chapter 1</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110806105148/http://www.usccb.org/nab/bible/genesis/genesis1.htm">Archived</a> 6 August 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.usccb.org/nab/bible/genesis/genesis2.htm">Chapter 2</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110804015455/http://www.usccb.org/nab/bible/genesis/genesis2.htm">Archived</a> 4 August 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (New American Bible)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.blueletterbible.org/kjv/Gen/Gen001.html">Chapter 1</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.blueletterbible.org/kjv/Gen/Gen002.html">Chapter 2</a> (King James Version)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://arquivo.pt/wayback/20160523082015/http://www.blueletterbible.org/cgi-bin/tools/printer-friendly.pl?navigated=yes&book=Gen&chapter=001&version=rsv">Chapter 1</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://arquivo.pt/wayback/20160523082027/http://www.blueletterbible.org/cgi-bin/tools/printer-friendly.pl?book=Gen&chapter=2&version=rsv&Go.x=19&Go.y=12">Chapter 2</a> (Revised Standard Version)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://arquivo.pt/wayback/20160523082039/http://www.blueletterbible.org/cgi-bin/tools/printer-friendly.pl?book=Gen&chapter=001&version=nltp">Chapter 1</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://arquivo.pt/wayback/20160523082050/http://www.blueletterbible.org/cgi-bin/tools/printer-friendly.pl?book=Gen&chapter=002&version=nltp">Chapter 2</a> (New Living Translation)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://arquivo.pt/wayback/20160523082106/http://www.blueletterbible.org/cgi-bin/tools/printer-friendly.pl?book=Gen&chapter=001&version=nasb">Chapter 1</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://arquivo.pt/wayback/20160523082119/http://www.blueletterbible.org/cgi-bin/tools/printer-friendly.pl?book=Gen&chapter=2&version=nas&Go.x=23&Go.y=16">Chapter 2</a> (New American Standard Bible)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bible.gospelcom.net/bible?passage=genesis+1&NIV-UK_version=yes&language=english&x=14&y=9">Chapter 1</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bible.gospelcom.net/bible?passage=genesis+2&NIV-UK_version=yes&language=english&x=12&y=6">Chapter 2</a> (New International Version (UK))</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mesopotamian_texts">Mesopotamian texts</h3></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.i-cias.com/e.o/enuma_elish.htm">"Enuma Elish", at Encyclopedia of the Orient</a> Summary of Enuma Elish with links to full text.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://etcsl.orinst.ox.ac.uk/cgi-bin/etcsl.cgi?text=t.1.7.4#">ETCSL – Text and translation of the Eridu Genesis</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110130213932/http://www-etcsl.orient.ox.ac.uk/section1/tr174.htm">alternate site</a>) (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://etcsl.orinst.ox.ac.uk/">The Electronic Text Corpus of Sumerian Literature, Oxford</a>)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wsu.edu/~dee/MESO/GILG.HTM">"Epic of Gilgamesh" (summary)</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20051230123112/http://www.wsu.edu/~dee/MESO/GILG.HTM">Archived</a> 30 December 2005 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britishmuseum.org/explore/highlights/highlight_objects/me/c/cuneiform_the_atrahasis_epic.aspx">British Museum: Cuneiform tablet from Sippar with the story of Atra-Hasis</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Framework_interpretation_3">Framework interpretation</h3></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.asa3.org/ASA/education/origins/fw.htm">The Logical Framework in Genesis 1</a>, The American Scientific Affiliation</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Logical+Framework+in+Genesis+1&rft.pub=The+American+Scientific+Affiliation&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.asa3.org%2FASA%2Feducation%2Forigins%2Ffw.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGenesis+creation+narrative" class="Z3988"> (advocating the framework view).</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAkin2003" class="citation cs2">Akin, Jimmy (2003), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070427130700/http://www.catholic.com/thisrock/2003/0301bt.asp">"The Six Days of Creation"</a>, This rock, Catholic, archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.catholic.com/thisrock/2003/0301bt.asp">the original</a> on 27 April 2007, retrieved 22 February 2007</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=This+rock&rft.atitle=The+Six+Days+of+Creation&rft.date=2003&rft.aulast=Akin&rft.aufirst=Jimmy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.catholic.com%2Fthisrock%2F2003%2F0301bt.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGenesis+creation+narrative" class="Z3988"> (describing the framework view and its general agreement with <a href="/wiki/Catholicism" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholicism">Catholic</a> teaching).</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JcnCiX8sbg4">"Charles Lee Irons on the Framework Interpretation of Creation Days in Genesis"</a> on <a href="/wiki/YouTube_video_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="YouTube video (identifier)">YouTube</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Related_links">Related links</h3></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://humanorigins.si.edu/evidence/human-evolution-timeline-interactive">Human Timeline (Interactive)</a> – <a href="/wiki/Smithsonian_Institution" title="Smithsonian Institution">Smithsonian</a>, <a href="/wiki/National_Museum_of_Natural_History" title="National Museum of Natural History">National Museum of Natural History</a> (August 2016).</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Genesis_1" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible expanded navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Genesis_1" title="Template:Genesis 1"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Genesis_1" title="Template talk:Genesis 1"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Genesis_1" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Genesis 1"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Genesis_1" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Genesis" title="Book of Genesis">Genesis</a> 1</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Noted verses</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Genesis_1:1" title="Genesis 1:1">Genesis 1:1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genesis_1:2" title="Genesis 1:2">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genesis_1:3" title="Genesis 1:3">3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genesis_1:4" title="Genesis 1:4">4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genesis_1:5" title="Genesis 1:5">5</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="6" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><a href="/wiki/File:Genesis_on_egg_cropped.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Genesis_on_egg_cropped.jpg/150px-Genesis_on_egg_cropped.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="178" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Genesis_on_egg_cropped.jpg/225px-Genesis_on_egg_cropped.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Genesis_on_egg_cropped.jpg/300px-Genesis_on_egg_cropped.jpg 2x" data-file-width="765" data-file-height="907" /></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Divine figures</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/God" title="God">God</a> / <a href="/wiki/Elohim" title="Elohim">Elohim</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/God_in_Judaism" title="God in Judaism">Jewish conception</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/God_in_Christianity" title="God in Christianity">Christian conception</a></li></ul></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Holy_Spirit" title="Holy Spirit">Spirit of God</a>" <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Spirit_in_Judaism" title="Holy Spirit in Judaism">Jewish conception</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Spirit_in_Christianity" title="Holy Spirit in Christianity">Christian conception</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Creation</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Creationism" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Creationism" title="Creationism">Creationism</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Young_Earth_creationism" title="Young Earth creationism">Young Earth creationism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Earth_creationism" title="Old Earth creationism">Old Earth creationism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Day-age_creationism" title="Day-age creationism">Day-age creationism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gap_creationism" title="Gap creationism">Gap creationism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_creationism" title="Progressive creationism">Progressive creationism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Framework_interpretation_(Genesis)" class="mw-redirect" title="Framework interpretation (Genesis)">Framework interpretation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Creatio_ex_nihilo" title="Creatio ex nihilo">Creatio ex nihilo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special_creation" title="Special creation">Special creation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Heaven" title="Heaven">Heaven</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tehom" title="Tehom">Tehom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yom" title="Yom">Yom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Firmament" title="Firmament">Firmament</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Phrases</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <li>"<a href="/wiki/In_the_beginning_(phrase)" title="In the beginning (phrase)">In the beginning</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tohu_wa-bohu" title="Tohu wa-bohu">Tohu wa-bohu</a> (original translation)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Let_there_be_light" title="Let there be light">Let there be light</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Created_kind" title="Created kind">According to its kind</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Image_of_God" title="Image of God">Image of God</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Be_fruitful_and_multiply" title="Be fruitful and multiply">Be fruitful and multiply</a>"</li> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Characters</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adam_and_Eve" title="Adam and Eve">Adam and Eve</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adam" title="Adam">Adam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eve" title="Eve">Eve</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Primeval_history" title="Primeval history">Primeval history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bereshit_(parashah)" title="Bereshit (parashah)">Parashat Bereshit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cosmic_ocean" title="Cosmic ocean">Cosmic ocean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Creation_(Haydn)" title="The Creation (Haydn)">The Creation</a> (art)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apollo_8_Genesis_reading" title="Apollo 8 Genesis reading">Apollo 8 Genesis reading</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Book_of_Genesis" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="font-weight:normal;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Book_of_Genesis" title="Template:Book of Genesis"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Book_of_Genesis" title="Template talk:Book of Genesis"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Book_of_Genesis" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Book of Genesis"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Book_of_Genesis" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Genesis" title="Book of Genesis">Book of Genesis</a></li></ul></div></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Primeval_history" title="Primeval history">Primeval history</a> (1–11)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Genesis creation narratives</a> (1:1–2:3, 2:4–25) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adam_and_Eve" title="Adam and Eve">Adam and Eve</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fall_of_man" title="Fall of man">Fall of man</a> (3) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Serpents_in_the_Bible" title="Serpents in the Bible">Serpents in the Bible</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cain_and_Abel" title="Cain and Abel">Cain and Abel</a> (4)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genealogies_of_Genesis" title="Genealogies of Genesis">Genealogies of Genesis</a> (5:1–6:8, 11:10–26)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genesis_flood_narrative" title="Genesis flood narrative">Genesis flood narrative</a> (6:1–9:28) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sons_of_God" title="Sons of God">Sons of God</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noah%27s_Ark" title="Noah's Ark">Noah's Ark</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curse_of_Ham" title="Curse of Ham">Curse of Ham</a> (9:20–27)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Generations_of_Noah" title="Generations of Noah">Generations of Noah</a> and the origin of nations (10:1–11:9)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tower_of_Babel" title="Tower of Babel">Tower of Babel</a> (11:1–9)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Patriarchal_age" title="Patriarchal age">Patriarchal age</a> (12–50)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abraham" title="Abraham">Abraham</a> (12–23)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abraham_and_Lot%27s_conflict" title="Abraham and Lot's conflict">Abraham and Lot's conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Siddim" title="Battle of Siddim">Battle of Siddim</a> (14:1–17)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Covenant_of_the_pieces" title="Covenant of the pieces">Covenant of the pieces</a> (15)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sodom_and_Gomorrah" title="Sodom and Gomorrah">Sodom and Gomorrah</a> (19:1–28)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaac" title="Isaac">Isaac</a> (21–35)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Binding_of_Isaac" title="Binding of Isaac">Binding of Isaac</a> (22)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacob" title="Jacob">Jacob</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sons_of_Jacob" class="mw-redirect" title="Sons of Jacob">his sons</a> (25–50)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacob%27s_Ladder" title="Jacob's Ladder">Jacob's Ladder</a> (28)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacob_wrestling_with_the_angel" title="Jacob wrestling with the angel">Jacob wrestling with the angel</a> (32:22–32)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_(Genesis)" title="Joseph (Genesis)">Joseph</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Coat_of_many_colors" title="Coat of many colors">coat of many colors</a> (37–50)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blessing_of_Jacob" title="Blessing of Jacob">Blessing of Jacob</a> (49)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Notable verses</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Genesis_1:1" title="Genesis 1:1">1:1</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/In_the_beginning_(phrase)" title="In the beginning (phrase)">In the beginning</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genesis_1:2" title="Genesis 1:2">1:2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genesis_1:3" title="Genesis 1:3">1:3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genesis_1:4" title="Genesis 1:4">1:4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genesis_1:5" title="Genesis 1:5">1:5</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Weekly_Torah_portion" title="Weekly Torah portion">Torah readings</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bereshit_(parashah)" title="Bereshit (parashah)">Bereshit</a> (1:1–6:8)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noach_(parashah)" class="mw-redirect" title="Noach (parashah)">Noach</a> (6:9–11:32)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lech-Lecha" title="Lech-Lecha">Lech-Lecha</a> (12:1–17:27)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vayeira" title="Vayeira">Vayeira</a> (18:1–22:24)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chayei_Sarah" title="Chayei Sarah">Chayei Sarah</a> (23:1–25:18)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toledot" title="Toledot">Toledot</a> (25:19–28:9)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vayetze" title="Vayetze">Vayetze</a> (28:10–32:3)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vayishlach" title="Vayishlach">Vayishlach</a> (32:4–36:43)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vayeshev" title="Vayeshev">Vayeshev</a> (37:1–40:23)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miketz" title="Miketz">Miketz</a> (41:1–44:17)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vayigash" title="Vayigash">Vayigash</a> (44:18–47:27)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaychi" title="Vaychi">Vayechi</a> (47:28–50:26)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sources</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Priestly_source" title="Priestly source">Priestly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jahwist" title="Jahwist">Jahwist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elohist" title="Elohist">Elohist</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Analysis</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Framework_interpretation_(Genesis)" class="mw-redirect" title="Framework interpretation (Genesis)">Framework interpretation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allegorical_interpretations_of_Genesis" title="Allegorical interpretations of Genesis">Allegorical interpretations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wife%E2%80%93sister_narratives_in_the_Book_of_Genesis" title="Wife–sister narratives in the Book of Genesis">Wife–sister narratives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arcana_C%C5%93lestia" title="Arcana Cœlestia">Arcana Cœlestia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pesher_on_Genesis" title="Pesher on Genesis">Pesher on Genesis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Manuscripts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_Berlin_17213" title="Papyrus Berlin 17213">Papyrus Berlin 17213</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_Oxyrhynchus_656" title="Papyrus Oxyrhynchus 656">Papyrus Oxyrhynchus 656</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_Oxyrhynchus_1007" title="Papyrus Oxyrhynchus 1007">Papyrus Oxyrhynchus 1007</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Text</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Textual_variants_in_the_Book_of_Genesis" title="Textual variants in the Book of Genesis">Textual variations</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Adam_and_Eve" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Adam_and_Eve" title="Template:Adam and Eve"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Adam_and_Eve" title="Template talk:Adam and Eve"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Adam_and_Eve" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Adam and Eve"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Adam_and_Eve" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Adam_and_Eve" title="Adam and Eve">Adam and Eve</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Source</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Genesis creation narrative</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Genesis" title="Book of Genesis">Book of Genesis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adam" title="Adam">Adam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eve" title="Eve">Eve</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Offspring</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cain_and_Abel" title="Cain and Abel">Cain and Abel</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cain" title="Cain">Cain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abel" title="Abel">Abel</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aclima" title="Aclima">Aclima</a> <ul><li>Luluwa</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seth" title="Seth">Seth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Awan_(religious_figure)" class="mw-redirect" title="Awan (religious figure)">Awan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azura_(religious_figure)" title="Azura (religious figure)">Azura</a></li> <li>Jumella</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related theology</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fall_of_man" title="Fall of man">Fall of man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Original_sin" title="Original sin">Original sin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garden_of_Eden" title="Garden of Eden">Garden of Eden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tree_of_the_knowledge_of_good_and_evil" title="Tree of the knowledge of good and evil">Tree of the knowledge of good and evil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serpents_in_the_Bible" title="Serpents in the Bible">Serpents in the Bible</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forbidden_fruit" title="Forbidden fruit">Forbidden fruit</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apple_(symbolism)" title="Apple (symbolism)">Apple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fig_leaf" title="Fig leaf">Fig leaf</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Figs_in_the_Bible" title="Figs in the Bible">Figs in the Bible</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adam%27s_ale" title="Adam's ale">Adam's ale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adamic_language" title="Adamic language">Adamic language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camael" title="Camael">Camael</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protevangelium" class="mw-redirect" title="Protevangelium">Protevangelium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosh_Hashanah" title="Rosh Hashanah">Rosh Hashanah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seed_of_the_woman" title="Seed of the woman">Seed of the woman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shamsiel" title="Shamsiel">Shamsiel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lilith" title="Lilith">Lilith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tree_of_life_(biblical)" title="Tree of life (biblical)">Tree of life</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allegorical_interpretations_of_Genesis" title="Allegorical interpretations of Genesis">Allegorical interpretations of Genesis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other cultures</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adam%E2%80%93God_doctrine" title="Adam–God doctrine">Adam–God doctrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adam_and_Eve_in_Mormonism" title="Adam and Eve in Mormonism">Adam and Eve in Mormonism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adam_in_Islam" title="Adam in Islam">Adam in Islam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adam_in_rabbinic_literature" title="Adam in rabbinic literature">Adam in rabbinic literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-A%27raf" title="Al-A'raf">Al-A'raf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Moses" title="Book of Moses">Book of Moses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Endowment_(Mormonism)" title="Endowment (Mormonism)">Endowment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manu_(Hinduism)" title="Manu (Hinduism)">Manu (Hinduism)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mashya_and_Mashyana" title="Mashya and Mashyana">Mashya and Mashyana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serpent_seed" title="Serpent seed">Serpent seed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tree_of_Jiva_and_Atman" title="Tree of Jiva and Atman">Tree of Jiva and Atman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tree_of_life_(Quran)" title="Tree of life (Quran)">Tree of life (Quran)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Our_Lady_of_Endor_Coven" title="Our Lady of Endor Coven">Our Lady of Endor Coven</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Film</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mama%27s_Affair_(1921_film)" title="Mama's Affair (1921 film)">Mama's Affair</a> (1921)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Good_Morning,_Eve!" title="Good Morning, Eve!">Good Morning, Eve!</a> (1934)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Broken_Jug_(film)" title="The Broken Jug (film)">The Broken Jug</a> (1937)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Original_Sin_(film)" title="The Original Sin (film)">The Original Sin</a> (1948)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Private_Lives_of_Adam_and_Eve" title="The Private Lives of Adam and Eve">The Private Lives of Adam and Eve</a> (1960)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/El_pecado_de_Ad%C3%A1n_y_Eva" title="El pecado de Adán y Eva">El pecado de Adán y Eva</a> (1969)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Biblia_en_pasta" title="La Biblia en pasta">La Biblia en pasta</a> (1984)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Annunciation_(film)" title="The Annunciation (film)">The Annunciation</a> (1984)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Time_Lucky" title="Second Time Lucky">Second Time Lucky</a> (1984)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adipapam" title="Adipapam">Adipapam</a> (1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adam_(1992_film)" title="Adam (1992 film)">Adam</a> (1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Babs_(2000_film)" title="Babs (2000 film)">Babs</a> (2000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Last_Eve" title="The Last Eve">The Last Eve</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Year_One_(film)" title="Year One (film)">Year One</a> (2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Tragedy_of_Man_(film)" title="The Tragedy of Man (film)">The Tragedy of Man</a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adam_and_Dog" title="Adam and Dog">Adam and Dog</a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tropico_(2013_film)" title="Tropico (2013 film)">Tropico</a> (2013)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Plays</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Le_Jeu_d%27Adam" title="Le Jeu d'Adam">Le Jeu d'Adam</a> (12th century)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Broken_Jug" title="The Broken Jug">The Broken Jug</a> (1808)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Tragedy_of_Man" title="The Tragedy of Man">The Tragedy of Man</a> (1861)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Creation_of_the_World_and_Other_Business" title="The Creation of the World and Other Business">The Creation of the World and Other Business</a> (1972)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Musicals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Apple_Tree" title="The Apple Tree">The Apple Tree</a> (1966)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dude_(musical)" title="Dude (musical)">Dude</a> (1972)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Up_from_Paradise" title="Up from Paradise">Up from Paradise</a> (1973)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Children_of_Eden" title="Children of Eden">Children of Eden</a> (1991)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Compositions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Creation_(Haydn)" title="The Creation (Haydn)">The Creation</a> (1798) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Creation_structure" title="The Creation structure">structure</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_mort_d%27Adam" title="La mort d'Adam">La mort d'Adam</a> (1809)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%88ve_(Massenet)" title="Ève (Massenet)">Ève</a> (1875)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genesis_Suite" title="Genesis Suite">Genesis Suite</a> (1945)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lilith_(opera)" title="Lilith (opera)">Lilith</a> (2001)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Literature</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apocalypse_of_Adam" title="Apocalypse of Adam">Apocalypse of Adam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Moses" title="Book of Moses">Book of Moses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Abraham" title="Book of Abraham">Book of Abraham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Books_of_Adam" title="Books of Adam">Books of Adam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_the_Penitence_of_Adam" title="Book of the Penitence of Adam">Book of the Penitence of Adam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cave_of_Treasures" title="Cave of Treasures">Cave of Treasures</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/El_amigo_de_%C3%89l_y_Ella" title="El amigo de Él y Ella">El amigo de Él y Ella</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genesis_A" title="Genesis A">Genesis A</a> and <a href="/wiki/Genesis_B" title="Genesis B">Genesis B</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harrowing_of_Hell_(drama)" title="Harrowing of Hell (drama)">Harrowing of Hell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Life_of_Adam_and_Eve" title="Life of Adam and Eve">Life of Adam and Eve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Testament_of_Adam" title="Testament of Adam">Testament of Adam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Testimony_of_Truth" title="Testimony of Truth">Testimony of Truth</a> (3rd century)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conflict_of_Adam_and_Eve_with_Satan" title="Conflict of Adam and Eve with Satan">Conflict of Adam and Eve with Satan</a> (6th century)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Old_Saxon_Genesis" title="Old Saxon Genesis">Old Saxon Genesis</a>" (9th century)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Adam_lay_ybounden" title="Adam lay ybounden">Adam lay ybounden</a>" (15th century)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paradise_Lost" title="Paradise Lost">Paradise Lost</a> (1667)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le_Dernier_Homme" title="Le Dernier Homme">Le Dernier Homme</a> (1805)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extracts_from_Adam%27s_Diary" title="Extracts from Adam's Diary">Extracts from Adam's Diary</a> (1904)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eve%27s_Diary" title="Eve's Diary">Eve's Diary</a> (1905)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Book_of_Genesis_(comic)" title="The Book of Genesis (comic)">The Book of Genesis</a> (2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Rise_and_Fall_of_Adam_and_Eve" title="The Rise and Fall of Adam and Eve">The Rise and Fall of Adam and Eve</a> (2017)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Art</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bernward_Doors" title="Bernward Doors">Bernward Doors</a> (1015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tapestry_of_Creation" title="Tapestry of Creation">Tapestry of Creation</a> (11th century)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Expulsion_from_the_Garden_of_Eden" title="Expulsion from the Garden of Eden">Expulsion from the Garden of Eden</a> (1425)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vienna_Diptych" title="Vienna Diptych">Vienna Diptych</a> (15th century)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Last_Judgment_(Bosch_triptych)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Last Judgment (Bosch triptych)">The Last Judgment</a> (1482)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Garden_of_Earthly_Delights" title="The Garden of Earthly Delights">The Garden of Earthly Delights</a> (1504)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adam_and_Eve_(D%C3%BCrer)" title="Adam and Eve (Dürer)">Adam and Eve</a> (1507)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Creation_of_Adam" title="The Creation of Adam">The Creation of Adam</a> (1512)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Haywain_Triptych" title="The Haywain Triptych">The Haywain Triptych</a> (1516)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eve,_the_Serpent_and_Death" title="Eve, the Serpent and Death">Eve, the Serpent and Death</a> (1510s or 1520s)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adam_and_Eve_(Cranach)" title="Adam and Eve (Cranach)">Adam and Eve</a> (1528)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adam_and_Eve/Gideon_and_the_Fleece" title="Adam and Eve/Gideon and the Fleece">Adam and Eve</a> (1550)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Fall_of_Man_(Titian)" title="The Fall of Man (Titian)">The Fall of Man</a> (1550)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adam_and_Eve_(Tintoretto)" title="Adam and Eve (Tintoretto)">Adam and Eve</a> (c. 1550)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Garden_of_Eden_with_the_Fall_of_Man" title="The Garden of Eden with the Fall of Man">The Garden of Eden with the Fall of Man</a> (1617)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Fall_of_Man_(Rubens)" title="The Fall of Man (Rubens)">The Fall of Man</a> (1628)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adam_and_Eve_in_the_Garden_of_Eden" title="Adam and Eve in the Garden of Eden">Adam and Eve in the Garden of Eden</a> (c. 1650)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Four_Seasons_(Poussin)" title="The Four Seasons (Poussin)">The Four Seasons</a> (1660s)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Koren_Picture-Bible_(1692%E2%80%931696)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Koren Picture-Bible (1692–1696)">The Koren Picture-Bible</a> (1692–1696)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Blake%27s_illustrations_of_Paradise_Lost" title="William Blake's illustrations of Paradise Lost">Paradise Lost</a> (19th century)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Expulsion_from_the_Garden_of_Eden_(Cole)" title="Expulsion from the Garden of Eden (Cole)">Expulsion from the Garden of Eden</a> (1828)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_First_Mourning" title="The First Mourning">The First Mourning</a> (1888)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adam_and_Eve_(Rodin)" title="Adam and Eve (Rodin)">Adam and Eve</a> (1905)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adam_and_Eve_(Valadon)" title="Adam and Eve (Valadon)">Adam and Eve</a> (1909)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eve_(Davidson)" title="Eve (Davidson)"> Eve</a> (1931)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adam_and_Eve_(Tamara_de_Lempicka)" title="Adam and Eve (Tamara de Lempicka)">Adam and Eve</a> (1932)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Serpent_Chooses_Adam_and_Eve" title="The Serpent Chooses Adam and Eve">The Serpent Chooses Adam and Eve</a> (1958)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genesis_(Lebrun)" title="Genesis (Lebrun)">Genesis</a> (1960)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Songs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/Dese_Bones_G%27wine_Rise_Again" title="Dese Bones G'wine Rise Again">Dese Bones G'wine Rise Again</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Adam-ondi-Ahman_(hymn)" title="Adam-ondi-Ahman (hymn)">Adam-ondi-Ahman</a>" (1835)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Forbidden_Fruit_(No%C3%ABl_Coward_song)" title="Forbidden Fruit (Noël Coward song)">Forbidden Fruit</a>" (1915)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Garden_of_Eden_(song)" title="The Garden of Eden (song)">The Garden of Eden</a>" (1956)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/In-A-Gadda-Da-Vida" title="In-A-Gadda-Da-Vida">In-A-Gadda-Da-Vida</a>" (1968)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Let%27s_Give_Adam_and_Eve_Another_Chance" title="Let's Give Adam and Eve Another Chance">Let's Give Adam and Eve Another Chance</a>" (1970)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Man_Gave_Names_to_All_the_Animals" title="Man Gave Names to All the Animals">Man Gave Names to All the Animals</a>" (1979)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Albums</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Cainian_Chronicle" title="The Cainian Chronicle">The Cainian Chronicle</a> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visions_of_Eden" title="Visions of Eden">Visions of Eden</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snakes_for_the_Divine" title="Snakes for the Divine">Snakes for the Divine</a> (2010)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geography</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adam-ondi-Ahman" title="Adam-ondi-Ahman">Adam-ondi-Ahman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tomb_of_Eve" title="Tomb of Eve">Tomb of Eve</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Biology</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mitochondrial_Eve" title="Mitochondrial Eve">Mitochondrial Eve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Y-chromosomal_Adam" title="Y-chromosomal Adam">Y-chromosomal Adam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Real_Eve" title="The Real Eve">The Real Eve</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Story within a story</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Doraemon:_Nobita%27s_Diary_on_the_Creation_of_the_World" title="Doraemon: Nobita's Diary on the Creation of the World">Doraemon: Nobita's Diary on the Creation of the World</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Island_of_Love_(1963_film)" title="Island of Love (1963 film)">Island of Love</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Visitors_(opera)" title="The Visitors (opera)">The Visitors</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Television</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bible_Ki_Kahaniyan" title="Bible Ki Kahaniyan">"Adam & Eve"</a> (1992)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Probe_7,_Over_and_Out" title="Probe 7, Over and Out">Probe 7, Over and Out</a>" (1963)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Simpsons_Bible_Stories" title="Simpsons Bible Stories">Simpsons Bible Stories</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/In-A-Gadda-Da-Leela" title="In-A-Gadda-Da-Leela">In-A-Gadda-Da-Leela</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Daesong_Heavy_Industries_II:_Return_to_Innocence" class="mw-redirect" title="Daesong Heavy Industries II: Return to Innocence">Daesong Heavy Industries II: Return to Innocence</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Holly_Bibble" class="mw-redirect" title="Holly Bibble">Holly Bibble</a>"</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Games</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Demon:_The_Fallen" title="Demon: The Fallen">Demon: The Fallen</a> (2002)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pre-Adamite" title="Pre-Adamite">Pre-Adamite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Generations_of_Adam" title="Generations of Adam">Generations of Adam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cave_of_the_Patriarchs" title="Cave of the Patriarchs">Cave of the Patriarchs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adam_and_Eve_cylinder_seal" title="Adam and Eve cylinder seal">Adam and Eve cylinder seal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genealogies_of_Genesis" title="Genealogies of Genesis">Genealogies of Genesis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carnal_knowledge" title="Carnal knowledge">Carnal knowledge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legend_of_the_Rood" title="Legend of the Rood">Legend of the Rood</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ystorya_Adaf" title="Ystorya Adaf">Ystorya Adaf</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ransom_theory_of_atonement" title="Ransom theory of atonement">Ransom theory of atonement</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Creationism" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Creationism_topics" title="Template:Creationism topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Creationism_topics" title="Template talk:Creationism topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Creationism_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Creationism topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Creationism" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Creationism" title="Creationism">Creationism</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Biblical_cosmology" title="Biblical cosmology">Biblical cosmology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Creation_myth" title="Creation myth">Creation myth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Creationism" title="Creationism">Creationism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Creationist_museum" title="Creationist museum">Creationist museum</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Genesis creation narrative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_creationism" title="History of creationism">History of creationism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Genesis" title="Book of Genesis">Book of Genesis</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adam_and_Eve" title="Adam and Eve">Adam and Eve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allegorical_interpretations_of_Genesis" title="Allegorical interpretations of Genesis">Allegorical interpretations of Genesis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flood_geology" title="Flood geology">Flood geology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genesis_flood_narrative" title="Genesis flood narrative">Genesis flood narrative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noah" title="Noah">Noah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noah%27s_Ark" title="Noah's Ark">Noah's Ark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tower_of_Babel" title="Tower of Babel">Tower of Babel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ussher_chronology" title="Ussher chronology">Ussher chronology</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Types</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Creation_science" title="Creation science">Creation science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gap_creationism" title="Gap creationism">Gap creationism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_creationism" class="mw-redirect" title="Hindu creationism">Hindu creationism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intelligent_design" title="Intelligent design">Intelligent design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_creationism" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic creationism">Islamic creationism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-creationism" title="Neo-creationism">Neo-creationism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Earth_creationism" title="Old Earth creationism">Old Earth creationism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_creationism" title="Progressive creationism">Progressive creationism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theistic_evolution" title="Theistic evolution">Theistic evolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Young_Earth_creationism" title="Young Earth creationism">Young Earth creationism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Controversies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_the_creation%E2%80%93evolution_controversy" title="Outline of the creation–evolution controversy">Outline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Creation%E2%80%93evolution_controversy" class="mw-redirect" title="Creation–evolution controversy">Creation–evolution controversy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Creation_and_evolution_in_public_education" title="Creation and evolution in public education">Creation and evolution in public education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edwards_v._Aguillard" title="Edwards v. Aguillard">Edwards v. Aguillard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kansas_evolution_hearings" title="Kansas evolution hearings">Kansas evolution hearings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kitzmiller_v._Dover_Area_School_District" title="Kitzmiller v. Dover Area School District">Kitzmiller v. Dover Area School District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teach_the_Controversy" title="Teach the Controversy">Teach the Controversy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anthropic_principle" title="Anthropic principle">Anthropic principle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biblical_inerrancy" title="Biblical inerrancy">Biblical inerrancy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biblical_literalism" title="Biblical literalism">Biblical literalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Created_kind" title="Created kind">Created kind</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nephilim" title="Nephilim">Nephilim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omphalos_hypothesis" title="Omphalos hypothesis">Omphalos hypothesis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><img alt="" 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wrap;align-items:center;flex:0;column-gap:1em;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;margin:0 auto;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{border-top:none;margin:0;list-style:none}}.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.sister-bar{margin-top:-1px}</style><div class="portal-bar noprint metadata noviewer portal-bar-bordered" role="navigation" aria-label="Portals"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Portals</a>:<ul class="portal-bar-content"><li class="portal-bar-item"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Bible.malmesbury.arp.jpg/21px-Bible.malmesbury.arp.jpg" decoding="async" width="21" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Bible.malmesbury.arp.jpg/32px-Bible.malmesbury.arp.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Bible.malmesbury.arp.jpg/42px-Bible.malmesbury.arp.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1993" data-file-height="1300" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Bible" title="Portal:Bible">Bible</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><a href="/wiki/File:P_christianity.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/P_christianity.svg/21px-P_christianity.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/P_christianity.svg/32px-P_christianity.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/P_christianity.svg/42px-P_christianity.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="360" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Christianity" 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Template:Reflist"," 3.31% 91.677 5 Template:Fix"," 2.55% 70.767 5 Template:Navbox"," 2.55% 70.665 1 Template:Pp"," 2.53% 70.204 1 Template:Short_description"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"1.905","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":22256273,"limit":52428800},"limitreport-logs":"table#1 {\n}\nanchor_id_list = table#1 {\n [\"CITEREFAkin2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAlter1981\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAlter2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAndersen1987\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFArnold1998\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAune2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBaden2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBandstra2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBattenCatchpooleSarfatiWieland\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBerry2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBlenkinsopp2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBlocher1984\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBouteneff2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBrettler2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBrueggemann1982\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCareySnodgrass1999\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCarr1996\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCarr2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCoats1983\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCollins2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCollins2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCooganChapman2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCotter2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCross1973\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDalley2000\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDaryl_Charles2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDavidson1973\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDavies2001\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDay2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDay2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDeretic2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDolansky2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEhrman2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEhrman2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFErickson1998\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFishbane2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFriedman2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFriedmanDolansky_Overton2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFutato1998\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGalambush2000\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGarr2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGinzberg1909\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGmirkin2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGraves_and_Patai1986\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGrudem2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHamilton1990\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHarmon2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHastings2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHayes2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHeidel1963\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFHugenberger1988\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHutton2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHyers1984\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFIrons2000\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFIronsKline2000\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJacobs2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKaiser1997\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKaplan2002\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKatsos2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKing2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKissling2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKlammWinitzer2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKline1958\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKline1996\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKline2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKnight1990\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKnohl2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKooij2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKramer1956\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKramer1963\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKuglerHartin2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKutsko2000\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKvam_et_al._1999\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLambert_1965\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLeeming2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLeeming2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLeemingLeeming2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLevenson2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLongman2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLouth2001\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMay2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMcCabe2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMcDermott2002\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMcMullin2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNebe2002\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFParrish1990\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPenchansky2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPropp1990\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRandom_House1979\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRidderbos1957\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRogerson1991\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRyken_et_al1998\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSarna1966\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSarna1997\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSawyer1992\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSchwartz_et_al2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSeeley1991\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSeeley1997\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSeidman2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSka2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSmith2001\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSmith2002\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSmithPitard2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSoskice2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSpeiser1964\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSpencer2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFStagg1978\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFStenhouse2000\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFStordalen2000\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFThomas2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFThompson1980\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTsumura2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTsumura2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTurner2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFVan_Seters1992\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFVan_Seters1998\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWalsh2001\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWaltke1991\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWaltkeFredricks2001\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWalton2001\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWalton2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWalton2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWaltonMatthewsChavalas2000\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWebster1984\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWenham1987\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWenham2003a\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWenham2003b\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWhybray2001\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWilkinson2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWood1990\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWright2002\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWylen2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFYoung1988\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFvan_Ruiten2000\"] = 1,\n [\"The_six_days_of_Creation:_Genesis_1:3-2:3\"] = 1,\n}\ntemplate_list = table#1 {\n [\"!\"] = 1,\n [\"'\"] = 3,\n [\"Adam and Eve\"] = 1,\n [\"Anchor\"] = 1,\n [\"Bible-related\"] = 1,\n [\"Bibleref\"] = 7,\n [\"Bibleverse\"] = 26,\n [\"Blockquote\"] = 2,\n [\"Book of Genesis\"] = 1,\n [\"Citation\"] = 7,\n [\"Citation needed\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite book\"] = 112,\n [\"Cite encyclopedia\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite journal\"] = 13,\n [\"Cite news\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite web\"] = 3,\n [\"Commons category\"] = 1,\n [\"Creationism sidebar\"] = 1,\n [\"Creationism topics\"] = 1,\n [\"DEFAULTSORT:Genesis Creation Narrative\"] = 1,\n [\"Div col\"] = 1,\n [\"Div col end\"] = 1,\n [\"Efn\"] = 21,\n [\"GOD\"] = 1,\n [\"Genesis 1\"] = 1,\n [\"Gloss\"] = 5,\n [\"Harv\"] = 6,\n [\"Harvid\"] = 6,\n [\"Harvnb\"] = 3,\n [\"Harvtxt\"] = 7,\n [\"Ill\"] = 1,\n [\"LORD\"] = 4,\n [\"Lang\"] = 36,\n [\"Langx\"] = 1,\n [\"Main\"] = 2,\n [\"Myth FAQ\"] = 1,\n [\"Nbsp\"] = 4,\n [\"Notelist\"] = 2,\n [\"Page needed\"] = 3,\n [\"Portal bar\"] = 1,\n [\"Pp\"] = 1,\n [\"Quote\"] = 8,\n [\"Redirect2\"] = 1,\n [\"Refbegin\"] = 2,\n [\"Refend\"] = 2,\n [\"Reflist\"] = 1,\n [\"Sc\"] = 3,\n [\"Script/Hebrew\"] = 7,\n [\"See above\"] = 1,\n [\"See also\"] = 2,\n [\"Sfn\"] = 190,\n [\"Short description\"] = 1,\n [\"Snd\"] = 2,\n [\"Source?\"] = 1,\n [\"Transl\"] = 4,\n [\"Use dmy dates\"] = 1,\n [\"Webarchive\"] = 5,\n [\"YouTube\"] = 1,\n}\narticle_whitelist = table#1 {\n}\n","limitreport-profile":[["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::callParserFunction","400","20.0"],["?","300","15.0"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::getAllExpandedArguments","220","11.0"],["recursiveClone \u003CmwInit.lua:45\u003E","120","6.0"],["type","100","5.0"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::gsub","100","5.0"],["\u003Cmw.lua:694\u003E","100","5.0"],["dataWrapper \u003Cmw.lua:672\u003E","80","4.0"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::find","60","3.0"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::match","60","3.0"],["[others]","460","23.0"]]},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-697b7966c5-97dp7","timestamp":"20241126200025","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Genesis creation narrative","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Genesis_creation_narrative","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q137651","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q137651","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2004-10-29T22:33:09Z","dateModified":"2024-11-08T15:25:28Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/c\/c7\/Tissot_The_Creation.jpg","headline":"creation myth of both Judaism and Christianity"}</script> </body> </html>