CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-disabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-not-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>View source for Cantabria - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-disabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-not-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":true,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat": "dmy","wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"905f1593-f623-4ff9-a977-3ea246c1d1fa","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Cantabria","wgTitle":"Cantabria","wgCurRevisionId":1253330178,"wgRevisionId":0,"wgArticleId":69605,"wgIsArticle":false,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"edit","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":[],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Cantabria","wgRelevantArticleId":69605,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{ "pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":80000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready" ,"skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.charinsert.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["mediawiki.action.edit.collapsibleFooter","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.charinsert","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.charinsert","ext.gadget.extra-toolbar-buttons","ext.gadget.refToolbar","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession", "wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.charinsert.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow,max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Cantabria_%28Official%29.svg/1200px-Flag_of_Cantabria_%28Official%29.svg.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="800"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Cantabria_%28Official%29.svg/800px-Flag_of_Cantabria_%28Official%29.svg.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="533"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Cantabria_%28Official%29.svg/640px-Flag_of_Cantabria_%28Official%29.svg.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="427"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="View source for Cantabria - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cantabria"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Cantabria&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cantabria"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Cantabria rootpage-Cantabria skin-vector-2022 action-edit"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Cantabria&returntoquery=action%3Dedit" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Cantabria&returntoquery=action%3Dedit" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Cantabria&returntoquery=action%3Dedit" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Cantabria&returntoquery=action%3Dedit" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">View source for Cantabria</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="This article exist only in this language. Add the article for other languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-0" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Add languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="uls-after-portlet-link"></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Cantabria" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Cantabria" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Cantabria"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cantabria&action=edit" title="Edit this page"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cantabria&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Cantabria"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cantabria&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cantabria&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Cantabria" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Cantabria" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cantabria&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fw%2Findex.php%3Ftitle%3DCantabria%26action%3Dedit"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fw%2Findex.php%3Ftitle%3DCantabria%26action%3Dedit"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q3946" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle">← <a href="/wiki/Cantabria" title="Cantabria">Cantabria</a></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><p>You do not have permission to edit this page, for the following reasons: </p> <ul class="permissions-errors"><li class="mw-permissionerror-blockedtext"> <div id="mw-blocked-text" style="border: 1px solid #AAA; background-color: var(--background-color-warning-subtle, ivory); color: inherit; padding: 1.5em; width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"> <div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 26px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Stop_hand_nuvola.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f1/Stop_hand_nuvola.svg/50px-Stop_hand_nuvola.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f1/Stop_hand_nuvola.svg/75px-Stop_hand_nuvola.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f1/Stop_hand_nuvola.svg/100px-Stop_hand_nuvola.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="240" data-file-height="240" /></a></span><b> This IP address has been <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Blocking_policy" title="Wikipedia:Blocking policy">blocked</a> from <i>editing</i> Wikipedia.</b></span><br /><span style="font-size: 18px;">This does not affect your ability to <i>read</i> Wikipedia pages.</span></div><div class="paragraphbreak" style="margin-top:0.5em"></div><b>Most people who see this message have done nothing wrong.</b> Some kinds of blocks restrict editing from specific service providers or telecom companies in response to recent abuse or vandalism, and can sometimes affect other users who are unrelated to that abuse. Review the information below for assistance if you do not believe that you have done anything wrong.<div class="paragraphbreak" style="margin-top:0.5em"></div> <p>The IP address or range 8.222.128.0/17 has been <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Blocking_policy" title="Wikipedia:Blocking policy">blocked</a> by <a href="/wiki/User:L235" title="User:L235">‪L235‬</a> for the following reason(s): </p> <div style="padding:10px; background:var(--background-color-base, white); color:inherit; border:1px #666 solid;"> <div class="user-block colocation-webhost" style="margin-bottom: 0.5em; background-color: #ffefd5; border: 1px solid #AAA; padding: 0.7em;"> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Server-multiple.svg/40px-Server-multiple.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="57" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Server-multiple.svg/60px-Server-multiple.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Server-multiple.svg/80px-Server-multiple.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="744" data-file-height="1052" /></span><figcaption></figcaption></figure><b>The <a href="/wiki/IP_address" title="IP address">IP address</a> that you are currently using has been blocked because it is believed to be a <a href="/wiki/Web_hosting_service" title="Web hosting service">web host provider</a> or <a href="/wiki/Colocation_centre" title="Colocation centre">colocation provider</a>.</b> To prevent abuse, <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Open_proxies" title="Wikipedia:Open proxies">web hosts and colocation providers may be blocked</a> from editing Wikipedia. <div style="border-top: 1px solid #AAA; clear: both">You will not be able to edit Wikipedia using a web host or colocation provider because it hides your IP address, much like a <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Open_proxies" title="Wikipedia:Open proxies">proxy</a> or <a href="/wiki/Virtual_private_network" title="Virtual private network">VPN</a>. <p><b>We recommend that you attempt to use another connection to edit.</b> For example, if you use a proxy or VPN to connect to the internet, turn it off when editing Wikipedia. If you edit using a mobile connection, try using a Wi-Fi connection, and vice versa. If you are using a corporate internet connection, switch to a different Wi-Fi network. If you have a Wikipedia account, please log in. </p><p>If you do not have any other way to edit Wikipedia, you will need to <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:IP_block_exemption#Requesting_and_granting_exemption" title="Wikipedia:IP block exemption">request an IP block exemption</a>. </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1214851843">.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{box-sizing:border-box;width:100%;padding:5px;border:none;font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .hidden-title{font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .hidden-content{text-align:left}@media all and (max-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{width:auto!important;clear:none!important;float:none!important}}</style><div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style=""><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="text-align:center;">How to appeal if you are confident that your connection does not use a colocation provider's IP address:</div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style=""> If you are confident that you are not using a web host, you may <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Appealing_a_block" title="Wikipedia:Appealing a block">appeal this block</a> by adding the following text on your <a href="/wiki/Help:Talk_pages" title="Help:Talk pages">talk page</a>: <code>{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Unblock" title="Template:Unblock">unblock</a>|reason=Caught by a colocation web host block but this host or IP is not a web host. My IP address is _______. <i>Place any further information here.</i> ~~~~}}</code>. <b>You must fill in the blank with your IP address for this block to be investigated.</b> Your IP address can be determined <span class="plainlinks"><b><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Get_my_IP_address?withJS=MediaWiki:Get-my-ip.js">here</a></b></span>. Alternatively, if you wish to keep your IP address private you can use the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Unblock_Ticket_Request_System" title="Wikipedia:Unblock Ticket Request System">unblock ticket request system</a>. There are several reasons you might be editing using the IP address of a web host or colocation provider (such as if you are using VPN software or a business network); please use this method of appeal only if you think your IP address is in fact not a web host or colocation provider.</div></div> <p><span class="sysop-show" style="font-size: 85%;"><span style="border:#707070 solid 1px;background-color:#ffe0e0;padding:2px"><b>Administrators:</b></span> The <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:IP_block_exemption" title="Wikipedia:IP block exemption">IP block exemption</a> user right should only be applied to allow users to edit using web host in exceptional circumstances, and requests should usually be directed to the functionaries team via email. If you intend to give the IPBE user right, a <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:CheckUser" title="Wikipedia:CheckUser">CheckUser</a> needs to take a look at the account. This can be requested most easily at <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:SPI#Quick_CheckUser_requests" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:SPI">SPI Quick Checkuser Requests</a>. <b>Unblocking</b> an IP or IP range with this template <b>is highly discouraged</b> without at least contacting the blocking administrator.</span> </p> </div></div> </div> <p>This block will expire on 18:23, 24 August 2026. Your current IP address is 8.222.208.146. </p> <div class="paragraphbreak" style="margin-top:0.5em"></div><div style="font-size: 16px;"> <p>Even when blocked, you will <i>usually</i> still be able to edit your <a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Special:MyTalk">user talk page</a>, as well as <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Emailing_users" title="Wikipedia:Emailing users">email</a> administrators and other editors. </p> </div> <div class="paragraphbreak" style="margin-top:0.5em"></div><div style="font-size: 16px;"> <p>For information on how to proceed, please read the <b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Appealing_a_block#Common_questions" title="Wikipedia:Appealing a block">FAQ for blocked users</a></b> and the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Appealing_a_block" title="Wikipedia:Appealing a block">guideline on block appeals</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Guide_to_appealing_blocks" title="Wikipedia:Guide to appealing blocks">guide to appealing blocks</a> may also be helpful. </p> </div> <p>Other useful links: <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Blocking_policy" title="Wikipedia:Blocking policy">Blocking policy</a> · <a href="/wiki/Help:I_have_been_blocked" title="Help:I have been blocked">Help:I have been blocked</a> </p> </div></li><li class="mw-permissionerror-globalblocking-blockedtext-range"> <div id="mw-blocked-text" style="border: 1px solid #AAA; background-color: var(--background-color-warning-subtle, ivory); color: inherit; padding: 1.5em; width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"> <div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 26px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Stop_hand_nuvola.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f1/Stop_hand_nuvola.svg/50px-Stop_hand_nuvola.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f1/Stop_hand_nuvola.svg/75px-Stop_hand_nuvola.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f1/Stop_hand_nuvola.svg/100px-Stop_hand_nuvola.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="240" data-file-height="240" /></a></span><b> This IP address range has been <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Global_blocks" class="extiw" title="m:Global blocks">globally blocked</a>.</b></span><br /><span style="font-size: 18px;">This does not affect your ability to <i>read</i> Wikipedia pages.</span></div><div class="paragraphbreak" style="margin-top:0.5em"></div><b>Most people who see this message have done nothing wrong.</b> Some kinds of blocks restrict editing from specific service providers or telecom companies in response to recent abuse or vandalism, and can sometimes affect other users who are unrelated to that abuse. Review the information below for assistance if you do not believe that you have done anything wrong.<div class="paragraphbreak" style="margin-top:0.5em"></div><div class="paragraphbreak" style="margin-top:0.5em"></div> <p>This block affects editing on all Wikimedia wikis. </p><p>The IP address or range 8.222.128.0/17 has been globally <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Blocking_policy" title="Wikipedia:Blocking policy">blocked</a> by <a href="/wiki/User:Jon_Kolbert" title="User:Jon Kolbert">‪Jon Kolbert‬</a> for the following reason(s): </p> <div style="padding:10px; background:var(--background-color-base, white); color:inherit; border:1px #666 solid;"> <p><a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/NOP" class="extiw" title="m:Special:MyLanguage/NOP">Open proxy/Webhost</a>: See the <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/WM:OP/H" class="extiw" title="m:WM:OP/H">help page</a> if you are affected </p> </div> <p>This block will expire on 15:12, 27 August 2028. Your current IP address is 8.222.208.146. </p> <div class="paragraphbreak" style="margin-top:0.5em"></div><div style="font-size: 16px;"> <p>Even while globally blocked, you will <i>usually</i> still be able to edit pages on <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="m:">Meta-Wiki</a>. </p> </div> <div class="paragraphbreak" style="margin-top:0.5em"></div><div style="font-size: 16px;"> <p>If you believe you were blocked by mistake, you can find additional information and instructions in the <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/No_open_proxies" class="extiw" title="m:Special:MyLanguage/No open proxies">No open proxies</a> global policy. Otherwise, to discuss the block please <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Steward_requests/Global" class="extiw" title="m:Steward requests/Global">post a request for review on Meta-Wiki</a>. You could also send an email to the <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Stewards" class="extiw" title="m:Special:MyLanguage/Stewards">stewards</a> <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/VRT" class="extiw" title="m:Special:MyLanguage/VRT">VRT</a> queue at <kbd>stewards@wikimedia.org</kbd> including all above details. </p> </div> <p>Other useful links: <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Global_blocks" class="extiw" title="m:Global blocks">Global blocks</a> · <a href="/wiki/Help:I_have_been_blocked" title="Help:I have been blocked">Help:I have been blocked</a> </p> </div></li></ul><hr /> <div id="viewsourcetext">You can view and copy the source of this page:</div><textarea readonly="" accesskey="," id="wpTextbox1" cols="80" rows="25" style="" class="mw-editfont-monospace" lang="en" dir="ltr" name="wpTextbox1">{{short description|Autonomous community and province of Spain}} {{About| the Spanish community of Cantabria| residents of Cambridge |Cantabrigian|other uses|Cantabria (disambiguation)}} {{Use dmy dates|date=October 2023}} {{more citations needed|date=August 2015}} {{Infobox settlement | name = Cantabria | native_name = | official_name = {{lang|es|Cantabria}} <small>{{in lang|es}}</small> | settlement_type = [[Autonomous communities of Spain|Autonomous community]] and [[Provinces of Spain|province]] | image_skyline = | image_alt = | image_caption = | image_flag = Flag_of_Cantabria_(Official).svg | flag_size = 125px | flag_alt = Flag of Cantabria (Official).svg | image_shield = Coat of Arms of Cantabria.svg | shield_size = 100x100px | shield_alt = Coat-of-arms of Cantabria | anthem = [[Himno a la Montaña]]<br/><small>(in English: Anthem to the Mountain)</small><br /> <div style="display:inline-block;margin-top:0.4em;">[[File:Himno de Cantabria.wav|center]]</div> | image_map = [[File:Cantabria in Spain (including Canarias).svg|275px|Map of Cantabria]] | map_alt = | map_caption = Location of Cantabria within Spain | coordinates = {{coord|43|20|N|4|00|W|region:ES-S_type:adm1st_source:GNS-enwiki|display=inline,title}} | coor_pinpoint = | subdivision_type = Country | subdivision_name = [[Spain]] | established_title = [[History of Cantabria|Formation]] | established_date = 574 ([[Duchy of Cantabria]])<br />739 ([[Kingdom of Asturias|Union with Asturias]])<br />1778 (Province of Cantabria)<br />1833 (Province of Santander)<br />1982 (Autonomous Community) | established_title1 = [[Statute of Autonomy of Cantabria|Statute of Autonomy]] | established_date1 = [[Statute of Autonomy of Cantabria|1 February 1982]] | seat_type = [[Capital (political)|Capital]] | seat = [[Santander, Cantabria|Santander]] | parts_type = [[Provinces of Spain|Provinces]] | parts_style = para | parts =  | p1 = | government_footnotes = | government_type = [[Devolved government]] in a [[constitutional monarchy]] | governing_body = [[Government of Cantabria|Gobierno de Cantabria]] | leader_party = [[People's Party of Cantabria|PP]] | leader_title = [[President of Cantabria|President]] | leader_name = [[María José Sáenz de Buruaga]]  | area_total_km2 = 5321 | area_rank = [[List of Spanish autonomous communities by area|15th]] (1.05% of Spain)  | population_as_of = {{Spain metadata Wikidata|population_as_of}} | population_footnotes = {{Spain metadata Wikidata|population_footnotes}} | population_total = {{Spain metadata Wikidata|population_total}} | population_note = | population_blank1_title = [[List of Spanish autonomous communities by population|Pop. rank]] | population_blank1 = 16th | population_blank2_title = Percent | population_blank2 = 1.26% of Spain | population_density_km2 = auto population_demonym = [[Cantabrian people|Cantabrian]]<br/>''cántabro/a, montañés/a'' ([[Spanish language|es]])  | demographics_type2 = GDP | demographics2_footnotes = <ref>{{cite web | url=https://ine.es/prensa/cre_2022.pdf | title=Contabilidad Regional de España|website=www.ine.es}}</ref> | demographics2_title1 = Total | demographics2_info1 = €15.354 billion (2022) | demographics2_title2 = Per capita | demographics2_info2 = €26,167 (2022)  | timezone = [[Central European Time|CET]] | utc_offset = +1 | timezone1_DST = [[Central European Summer Time|CEST]] | utc_offset1_DST = +2 | blank1_name_sec1 = [[Official language]]s | blank1_info_sec1 = [[Spanish language|Spanish]] | blank2_name_sec1 = Statute of Autonomy | blank2_info_sec1 = 11 January 1982 | blank_name_sec2 = Legislature | blank_info_sec2 = | blank1_name_sec2 = Parliament | blank1_info_sec2 = [[Parliament of Cantabria]] | blank2_name_sec2 = [[Congress of Deputies (Spain)|Congress]] | blank2_info_sec2 = 5 deputies (out of 350) | blank3_name_sec2 = [[Spanish Senate|Senate]] | blank3_info_sec2 = 5 senators (out of 265) | blank4_name_sec2 = [[Human Development Index|HDI]] (2021) | blank4_info_sec2 = 0.905<ref name="GlobalDataLab">{{Cite web|url=https://hdi.globaldatalab.org/areadata/shdi/|title=Sub-national HDI - Area Database - Global Data Lab|website=hdi.globaldatalab.org|language=en|access-date=24 June 2023}}</ref><br/>{{color|darkgreen|very high}} · [[List of Spanish autonomous communities by Human Development Index|8th]] | postal_code_type = [[ISO 3166 code]] | postal_code = ES-CB<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.iso.org/iso/iso_3166-2_newsletter_ii-1_corrected_2010-02-19.pdf|title=ISO 3166-2 NEWSLETTER Date issued: 2010-02-03 No II-1 Corrected and reissued 2010-02-19|website=Iso.org|access-date=6 January 2018}}</ref> | area_code_type = [[Telephone numbers in Spain|Area code]] | area_code = +34 942 a | website = {{nowrap|[http://www.cantabria.es Gobierno de Cantabria]}} | module = {{Infobox mapframe |wikidata=yes |zoom=7 |height=300 |width= | stroke-width=1 |coord={{WikidataCoord|display=i}}}} }} '''Cantabria''' ({{IPAc-en|k|æ|n|ˈ|t|eɪ|b|r|i|ə}},<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/cantabria|title=Cantabria|work=[[Collins English Dictionary]]|publisher=[[HarperCollins]]|access-date=30 May 2019}}</ref> {{IPAc-en|alsoUK|-|ˈ|t|æ|b|-}};<ref>{{Cite encyclopedia |url=http://www.lexico.com/definition/Cantabria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200118031145/https://www.lexico.com/definition/cantabria |url-status=dead |archive-date=18 January 2020 |title=Cantabria |dictionary=[[Lexico]] UK English Dictionary |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]}}</ref><ref>{{Citation |last = Jones |first = Daniel |author-link = Daniel Jones (phonetician) |title = English Pronouncing Dictionary |editor=Peter Roach |editor2=James Hartmann |editor3=Jane Setter |place = Cambridge |publisher = Cambridge University Press |orig-year = 1917 |year = 2003 |isbn=3-12-539683-2 }}</ref> {{IPA|es|kanˈtaβɾja|lang|Pronunciation_of_Cantabria_in_Spanish.ogg}}) is an [[autonomous community]] and [[Provinces of Spain|province]] in northern [[Spain]] with [[Santander, Cantabria|Santander]] as its capital city. It is called a {{lang|es|comunidad histórica}}, a [[Nationalities and regions of Spain|historic community]], in its current [[Statute of Autonomy]].<ref>{{in lang|es}} "[http://www.parlamento-cantabria.es/Inicio/documentacion-parlamentaria/normativa-institucional/estatuto-de-autonomia-para-cantabria/preambulo.aspx La Ley Orgánica 11/1998, de 30 de diciembre, de reforma de la LO 8/1981, del Estatuto de Autonomía para Cantabria (BOE 31 diciembre 1998)] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091212000404/http://www.parlamento-cantabria.es/Inicio/documentacion-parlamentaria/normativa-institucional/estatuto-de-autonomia-para-cantabria/preambulo.aspx|date=December 12, 2009}}. El Estatuto deja de referirse a Cantabria como '''"entidad regional histórica"''', expresión empleada por la propia [http://es.wikisource.org/wiki/Constituci%C3%B3n_espa%C3%B1ola_de_1978:_10#Art_143 Constitución (art. 143)] para permitir la existencia de comunidades uniprovinciales, para ser sustituida por la expresión '''"comunidad histórica"''' (art. 1). [http://narros.congreso.es/constitucion/estatutos/sinopsis.jsp?com=69 Sinopsis del Estatuto de Cantabria] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091211215309/http://narros.congreso.es/constitucion/estatutos/sinopsis.jsp?com=69|date=11 December 2009}} Ignacio Carbajal Iranzo, Letrado de las Cortes Generales. Updated by Portal de la Constitución. 2005. Updated 2007; retrieved 9 June 2007.</ref> It is bordered on the east by the [[Basque Country (autonomous community)|Basque autonomous community]] ([[Biscay|province of Biscay]]), on the south by [[Castile and León]] ([[Province of León|provinces of León]], [[Palencia (province)|Palencia]] and [[Province of Burgos|Burgos]]), on the west by the [[Asturias|Principality of Asturias]], and on the north by the [[Cantabrian Sea]], which forms part of the [[Bay of Biscay]]. Cantabria belongs to ''[[Green Spain]]'', the name given to the strip of land between the [[Bay of Biscay]] and the [[Cantabrian Mountains]], so called because of its particularly lush vegetation, due to the wet and temperate [[oceanic climate]]. The climate is strongly influenced by [[Atlantic Ocean]] winds trapped by the mountains; the average annual precipitation is about {{convert|1,200|mm|in|abbr=in}}. Cantabria has [[archaeological site]]s from the [[Upper Paleolithic]] period, although the first signs of human occupation date from the [[Lower Paleolithic]]. The most significant site for [[cave painting]]s is in the [[cave of Altamira]], dating from about 37,000 BCE<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Pike |first1=A. W. G. |last2=Hoffmann |first2=D. L. |last3=García-Diez |first3=M. |last4=P. B. |first4=Pettitt |last5=Alcolea |first5=J. |last6=Balbín |first6=R. De |last7=González-Sainz |first7=C. |last8=Heras |first8=C. De Las |last9=Lasheras |first9=J. A. |last10=Montes |first10=R. |last11=Zilhão |first11=J. |title=U-series dating of Paleolithic art in 11 caves in Spain |journal=[[Science (journal)|Science]] |date=15 June 2012 |volume=336 |number=6087 |pages=1409–1413 |doi=10.1126/science.1219957|pmid=22700921 |bibcode=2012Sci...336.1409P |s2cid=7807664 }}</ref> and declared, along with nine other Cantabrian caves, as [[World Heritage Site]]s by [[UNESCO]]. Historically, the territory sits in the area of [[Cantabri]]a in the [[Ancient history|ancient period]], but from the late Middle Ages to the early 19th century, the name Cantabria also referred to the [[Basque Country (greater region)|territory of the Basques]], especially the [[lordship of Biscay]].{{citation needed|date=November 2023}} The modern province of Cantabria was constituted on 28 July 1778 at Puente San Miguel, [[Reocín]]. The yearly Day of the Institutions holiday on 28 July celebrates this. The [[Organic Law (Spain)|Organic Law]] of the [[Autonomy Statute of Cantabria]], approved on 30 December 1981, gave the region its own institutions of self-government.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.congreso.es/consti/estatutos/sinopsis_pr.jsp?com=69 |title=Sinopsis del Estatuto de Cantabria |language=es |trans-title=Synopsis of the Statute of Cantabria |publisher=congreso.es |access-date=5 April 2016}}</ref> ==Etymology and usage== [[File:Physical map of Cantabria - Spain.png|right|thumb|Topographical map of Cantabria.|350px]] Numerous authors, including [[Isidore of Seville]], [[Julio Caro Baroja]], [[Aureliano Fernández Guerra]] and [[Adolf Schulten]], have explored the etymology of the name ''Cantabria'', yet its origins remain uncertain. The Online Etymology Dictionary states the root ''cant-'' is said to come from the [[Celtic languages|Celtic]] for "rock" or "rocky",<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.etymonline.com/word/cantabria |title=cantabria {{!}} Origin and meaning of cantabria by Online Etymology Dictionary |website=www.etymonline.com |language=en |access-date=9 October 2019}}</ref> while ''-abr'' was a common suffix used in Celtic regions.{{sfnp|González Echegaray|1993}} Thus, ''Cantabrian'' could mean "people who live in the rocks" or "[[highland (geography)|highlanders]]", a reference to the steep and mountainous territory of Cantabria.{{sfnp|González Echegaray|1993}} The name ''Cantabria'' could also be related to the Celtic root "kant" or "cant" meaning edge or rim thus "coastal district," or "corner-land", "land on the edge" thus having the same probable derivation as the name of the English county of [[Kent]] and [[Canterbury]], one of its major cities.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://etymonline.com/index.php?allowed_in_frame=0&search=Kent |title=Kent - Search Online Etymology Dictionary |website=Etymonline.com |access-date=6 January 2018}}</ref> During the Spanish liberal regimes of the 19th century, the term came to be increasingly associated to the province of Santander. However, in late medieval and Modern Period literature, ''Cantabria'' and ''Cantabrians'' refer to the Basque Country, especially the lordship of Biscay, and the [[Basques]]. ==Geography== [[File:Near the Faro de Cabo Mayor, Santander.jpg|thumb|Cabo Mayor and entrance to the harbor, Santander]] [[File:Desfiladero4.JPG|thumb|La Hermida]] ===Relief=== {{unreferenced section|date=August 2015}} Cantabria is a mountainous and coastal region, with important natural resources. It has two distinct areas which are well differentiated morphologically: *'''Coast'''. A coastal strip of low, wide and gently rolling valleys some 10 kilometres in width, the altitude of which does not rise above 500 metres, and which meets the ocean in a line of abrupt cliffs broken by river estuaries, forming [[ria]]s and beaches. [[Santander Bay]] is the most prominent indentation in the coastline. To the south, the coastal strip rises to meet the mountains. *'''Mountains'''. This is a long barrier made up of abruptly rising mountains parallel to the sea, which are part of the [[Cantabrian Mountains]]. The mountains are mostly made of [[limestone]] with [[karst]] topography, and occupy most of Cantabria's area. They form deep valleys running north–south. The torrential rivers are short, fast flowing and of great eroding power, so the slopes are steep. The valleys define different natural regions, delimited physically by the intervening mountain ranges: [[Liébana]], [[Saja-Nansa]], [[Besaya valley|Besaya]], [[Pas River|Pas]]-[[Pisueña River|Pisueña]], [[Miera valley|Miera]], [[Asón-Agüera]], [[Campoo]]. To the 'mountain' region belongs the [[Escudo de Cabuérniga Range|Escudo Range]], a mountain range of {{convert|600|to|1000|m}} high that covers {{cvt|15|or|20|km|mi|frac=2}} in a parallel line to the coast in the West part of Cantabria. Towards the south are higher mountains, the tops of which form the watershed between the drainage basins of the Rivers [[Ebro]], [[Duero]] and the rivers that flow into the Bay of Biscay. These peaks generally exceed {{cvt|1,500|m}} from the Pass of San Glorio in the west to the Pass of Los Tornos in the eastern part: Peña Labra, [[Castro Valnera]] and the mountain passes of Sejos, El Escudo and La Sía. The great limestone masses of [[Picos de Europa]] also stand out in the southwest of the region: most of their summits exceed {{cvt|2,500|m}}, and their topography is shaped by the former presence of [[glacier]]s. ===Climate=== {{unreferenced section|date=August 2015}} [[File:Panoramica Alisas Cantabria.jpg|thumb|center|1000px|Panorama of the gateway to Alisas, in the ''[[municipio]]'' of [[Riotuerto]], Cantabria]] Due to the [[Gulf Stream]], Cantabria, as well as the rest of "Green Spain", has a much more [[temperate climate]] than might be expected for its latitude. The region has a humid [[oceanic climate]], with warm summers and mild winters. Annual [[precipitation (meteorology)|precipitation]] is around 1,200&nbsp;mm at the coasts and higher in the mountains. The mean temperature is about {{convert|14|°C|°F|1}}. Snow is frequent in the higher zones of Cantabria between the months of October and March. Some zones of Picos de Europa, over 2,500 metres high, have an [[alpine climate]] with snow persisting year-round. The driest months are July and August. The mountainous relief of Cantabria has a dominant effect on local microclimate in Cantabria. It is the main cause of the peculiar meteorologic situations like the so-called "suradas" ([[Ábrego]] wind), due to the [[foehn wind|foehn effect]]: the southerly wind coming down from the mountains blows strongly and dry, increasing the temperature closer to the coast. This causes a decrease in air humidity and rainfall. These conditions are more frequent in autumn and winter, and the temperatures are commonly higher than {{convert|20|°C|°F}}. Fires are often helped by this type of wind: one example is the [[1941 Santander fire|fire that destroyed part of the city of Santander in the winter of 1941]]. In these specific cases in the southern part of the [[Cordillera Cantábrica|mountain range]] the [[Lapse rate|dry adiabatic gradient]] produces different conditions to the rest of the region: the wind there is fresher and more humid, and there is more rain. ===Hydrology=== {{unreferenced section|date=August 2015}} The rivers of Cantabria are short and rapid, descending steeply because the sea is so close to their source in the Cantabrian Mountains. They flow perpendicular to the coastline, except for the [[Ebro]]. They also generally [[discharge (hydrology)|flow]] year round due to constant rainfall. Nevertheless, the rate of flow is modest (20 m<sup>3</sup>/s annual average) compared to the other rivers of the [[Iberian Peninsula]]. The rapidness of their waters, caused by their steep descents, gives them great [[erosion|erosive]] power, creating the narrow V-shaped valleys characteristic of Green Spain. The environmental condition of the rivers is generally good, although increasing human activity due to rising population in the valleys continues to pose a challenge. [[File:Nacimiento del rio Ason - Source of the Ason river.JPG|thumb|The [[source (river or stream)|source]] of the Asón River]] The main rivers of the region, sorted by [[drainage basin]], are: *[[Spanish North Basin|North Basin]]<ref>{{in lang|es}} [http://www.chnorte.es Confederación Hidrográfica del Norte.] Ministerio del Medio Ambiente. Retrieved on 9 June 2007.</ref> (flows into the [[Cantabrian Sea]]) **[[Agüera River|Agüera]] **[[Asón River|Asón]] **[[Besaya River|Besaya]] **[[Deva River|Deva]] **[[Miera River|Miera]] **[[Nansa River|Nansa]] **[[Pas River|Pas]] **[[Saja River|Saja]] *[[Ebro Basin]]<ref>{{cite web |language=es |url=http://www.chebro.es |title=Confederación Hidrográfica del Ebro |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070403113450/http://www.chebro.es/ |archive-date=3 April 2007 |publisher=Ministerio del Medio Ambiente |access-date=9 September 2007}}</ref> (flows into the [[Mediterranean Sea]]) **[[Híjar River|Híjar]] **Ebro *[[Duero Basin]]<ref>{{in lang|es}} [http://www.chduero.es Confederación Hidrográfica del Duero], Ministerio del Medio Ambiente website; retrieved 9 June 2007.</ref> (flows into the Atlantic Ocean) Cantabria is the only autonomous community whose rivers flow into every one of the seas which surround the [[Iberian Peninsula]]: the Cantabrian Sea, the Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea. ===Vegetation=== {{unreferenced section|date=August 2015}} {{main|Flora of Cantabria}} [[File:Prau.JPG|thumb|Grassland in [[Valdáliga]]|left]] The variation in the altitude of the region, which in a short distance ranges from sea level to 2,600 meters in the mountains, leads to a great deal of diversity in vegetation and a large number of [[biome]]s. Cantabria has vegetation typical of the Atlantic side of the Iberian Peninsula. It is characterized by forests of leafy [[deciduous]] trees such as oak and [[European beech]]. Nevertheless, human intervention dating back to ancient times has favored the creation of pastures, allowing the existence of large areas of grassland and prairies suitable for grazing cattle. These grasslands are mingled with plantations of [[eucalyptus]] and native oak. The southern part of Cantabria, including the ''[[Comarcas of Spain|comarca]]'' of Campoo the fringes of the Castilian plateau, is characterized by the transition to drier vegetation. Another diversifying factor which contributes to local variation within the region is the Mediterranean [[ecotone]], giving rise to species unique to the region, such as the [[Quercus rotundifolia|holm oak]] and [[arbutus|arbutus trees]], which are found in poor limestone soils with little moisture. In Cantabria there are several zones of plant life: *'''The coastal strip''', including sandy dunes with minimal vegetation. Adjacent to these are steep cliffs with plants unique to that type of terrain. [[File:Hills of La Marina (Cantabria).jpg|thumb|Hills and ria typical of a landscape from the maritime region|left]] *'''The maritime region''', near the coast and including altitudes up to 500 metres. Originally it had mixed deciduous forests containing [[ash tree|ash]], [[tilia|linden]], [[bay laurel]], [[hazel]], [[maple]], [[oak]], [[Populus|poplar]], [[birch]], [[Quercus rotundifolia|holm oak]], and others. The [[riparian]] parts were filled with forests of [[alder]] and [[willow]]. Today these native forests have almost completely disappeared, leaving only reserves in area of poor arability. In their place there are grasslands which are quite productive in the temperate climate and which sustain the economy of rural Cantabria. Next to these are very large [[monoculture]] plantations of [[eucalyptus]] for paper production, of disastrous ecological consequences to the biodiversity and climate of the region. During the last two decades of the 20th century, and due mainly to European agricultural policies ([[Common Agricultural Policy|CAP]]), many farmers substituted forestry for livestock farming, so as to avoid unemployment and poverty.{{refn|group=n|These events constitute the background of ''La vida que te espera'', a film by Cantabrian-born director [[Manuel Gutiérrez Aragón]].}} This provoked a surge of [[eucalyptus]] – [[:es:Eucalyptus#Reforestación mediante eucaliptos en España|see eucalyptus article on Spanish Wikipedia]] – plantations (and to a less extent of [[Pinus radiata|pines]]) which often hid the illegal destruction of native forests, just as the spread of livestock farming had done in the past by the endemic conversion of forest into prairie. These acts have been laxly controlled by the local councils or the central governments, in a process that clearly follows the saying: "''Pan para hoy, hambre para mañana''" (which translates as 'Bread for today, hunger for tomorrow'; i.e., "short-term gain, long-term pain"). [[File:Relieve karstico-Karst topography.jpg|thumb|300x300px|Panorama of the [[Cantabrian mountains]] to the left and the port city of Santander in the distant right. The peak ''Alto de Brenas'' in [[Riotuerto]] has a height of 579 metres.]] The plantation of pines has given way in the last decades{{When|date=July 2020}} to that of eucalyptus because this [[Introduced species|non-indigenous species]] has no natural attacker within the European ecosystem (while pines are highly vulnerable to the [[pine processionary]]). Both in relative and absolute terms the use of woods for forestry has increased in Cantabria, and is now{{When|date=July 2020}} almost 70% of all woods in the region.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.mma.es/secciones/biodiversidad/inventarios/ifn/ifn3/index.htm|title=Tercer Inventario Forestal Nacional|publisher=Mma.es|access-date=27 April 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100329094922/http://www.mma.es/secciones/biodiversidad/inventarios/ifn/ifn3/index.htm|archive-date=29 March 2010|url-status=dead}}</ref> *'''The foothills''', from 500 to 1,100 metres altitude are colonized by monoculture forests of oak (''[[Quercus robur]]'' and ''[[Quercus petraea]]'') on the sunnier slopes. In more shaded areas and especially from about 800 metres there are forests of [[European beech]] which are the main food source in winter for many animal species. [[File:Pico Tordias.jpg|thumb|300x300px|''Brañas'', or mountain [[prairie]]s in the municipality of [[Arenas de Iguña]]. Tordías Peak is 968 metres high.]] * The '''subalpine plane''', in this high country, the plant life is composed of birch, scrub, and [[Poaceae|grasses]] which are especially important for the economy because during the summer they serve as pasture for grazing cattle and horses. Along with these characteristics it would also be necessary to mention peculiarities of the ''comarca'' of [[Liébana]], which has a [[microclimate]] very similar to the [[Mediterranean climate|Mediterranean]], allowing to grow [[cork oak]]s, [[vine]]s and [[olive]]s, and which is still very well conserved from human activity. The other remarkable ''comarca'' is [[Campoo]], in southern Cantabria, with its Pyrenean oak. ===Natural parks=== [[File:Parques Naturales y Nacionales de Cantabria.png|thumb|[[Natural park (Spain)|Natural]] and [[national park]]s in Cantabria: 1. Picos de Europa National Park 2. Collados del Asón Natural Park 3. Dunas de Liencres Natural Park 4. Macizo de Peña Cabarga Natural Park 5. Oyambre Natural Park 6. Saja-Besaya Natural Park 7. Santoña, Victoria and Joyel Marshes Natural Park]] There are seven natural areas in this autonomous community designated as [[natural park (Spain)|Natural]] or [[national park]]s: *[[Picos de Europa National Park]] *Collados del Asón Natural Park *[[Santoña, Victoria and Joyel Marshes Natural Park]] *Macizo de Peña Cabarga Natural Park *Oyambre Natural Park *[[Saja-Besaya Natural Park]] *Dunes of Liencres Natural Park The most important of these is the Picos de Europa National Park, which affects Castile and León and Asturias in addition to Cantabria, the three autonomous communities sharing its management. Santoña, Victoria and Joyel [[marsh]]es are also [[Special Protection Area]]s for the birds (ZEPA<ref>{{in lang|es}} [http://www.mapa.es/es/desarrollo/pags/vigilanciaambiental/mapa12.htm Programa de Vigilancia Ambiental del Plan Nacional de Regadios.] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070630214752/http://www.mapa.es/es/desarrollo/pags/vigilanciaambiental/mapa12.htm |date=30 June 2007 }} Ministerio de Agricultura, Pesca y Alimentación (M.A.P.A.); retrieved 9 June 2007.</ref>). Furthermore, nine [[Site of Community Importance|Sites of Community Importance]] (LIC<ref>{{in lang|es}} [http://www.mma.es/portal/secciones/biodiversidad/rednatura2000/rednatura_espana/lic/lic.htm Biodiversity: Lugares de Importancia Comunitaria.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110221084640/http://www.mma.es/portal/secciones/biodiversidad/rednatura2000/rednatura_espana/lic/lic.htm |date=21 February 2011 }} Ministerio de Medio Ambiente. Retrieved on 9 June 2007.</ref>) have been declared: Western Mountain, Eastern Mountain, Western Rias and Oyambre Dunes, Dunes of [[Liencres]] and Estuary of the Pas, El Puntal Dunes and Estuary of the Miera, Ria de Ajo, Marshes of [[Noja]]-[[Santoña]], [[Escudo de Cabuérniga Range]] and several caves with important [[bat]] colonies. {{Clear|left}} ==Demographics== {{Historical populations |type = |footnote = Source: [[Instituto Nacional de Estadística (Spain)|INE]] |1900| 276003 |1910| 302956 |1920| 327669 |1930| 364147 |1940| 393710 |1950| 404921 |1960| 432132 |1970| 467138 |1981| 513123 |1991| 527326 |2001| 535131 |2011| 592542 |2021| 584708 }} [[File:Piramid Population Cantabria 2006.png|thumb|200px|[[Population pyramid]] for Cantabria for 2006 from the municipal planning authority.|left]] [[File:Map of population of Cantabria 2005.png|right|thumb|200px|Demographic map showing centres of population in 2005.]] According to the 2009 census, the region has a population of 591,886<ref>{{in lang|es}} [http://www.ine.es/inebase/cgi/axi?AXIS_PATH=/inebase/temas/t20/e260/a2006/l0/&FILE_AXIS=ccaa01.px&CGI_DEFAULT=/inebase/temas/cgi.opt&COMANDO=SELECCION&CGI_URL=/inebase/cgi Poblaciones referidas al 1 de enero de 2006 por comunidades autónomas y sexo] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070929204538/http://www.ine.es/inebase/cgi/axi?AXIS_PATH=%2Finebase%2Ftemas%2Ft20%2Fe260%2Fa2006%2Fl0%2F&FILE_AXIS=ccaa01.px&CGI_DEFAULT=%2Finebase%2Ftemas%2Fcgi.opt&COMANDO=SELECCION&CGI_URL=%2Finebase%2Fcgi |date=29 September 2007 }}, Instituto Nacional de Estadística website; retrieved 11 June 2007.</ref> which constitutes 1.29% of the population of Spain, with the population density numbering 106.8 people per kilometer. The average life expectancy for male inhabitants is 75 years; for female inhabitants, it is 83 years. Eight years later in 2017 the population has fallen to 581,477 according to INE. In relative contrast to other regions of Spain, Cantabria has not experienced much immigration. In 2007, only 4.7% of the population were immigrants. The predominant countries of origin for immigrants to Cantabria are [[Colombia]], [[Romania]], [[Ecuador]], [[Peru]], [[Moldova]], and [[Morocco]].<ref>{{in lang|es}} [http://www.icane.es/HTML/CA_DE/CA_DE_007.pdf Población extranjera según su nacionalidad y sexo (2004-06)] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070621185922/http://www.icane.es/HTML/CA_DE/CA_DE_007.pdf |date=21 June 2007 }}, icane.es; retrieved 9 June 2007. {{in lang|es}}</ref> The majority of the population resides in the coastal area, particularly in two cities: [[Santander, Cantabria|Santander]], with 183,000 people, and [[Torrelavega]], the second largest urban and industrial centre in Cantabria, having a population of around 60,000. These two cities form a [[conurbation]] known as the Santander-Torrelavega metropolitan area. [[Castro Urdiales]] has an official population of 28,542,<ref>{{in lang|es}} [http://www.ine.es/inebase/cgi/axi?AXIS_PATH=/inebase/temas/t20/e260/a2006/l0/&FILE_AXIS=mun39.px&CGI_DEFAULT=/inebase/temas/cgi.opt&COMANDO=SELECCION&CGI_URL=/inebase/cgi Cantabria: Población por municipios y sexo. Cifras de población referidas al 1 January 2006] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070929204902/http://www.ine.es/inebase/cgi/axi?AXIS_PATH=%2Finebase%2Ftemas%2Ft20%2Fe260%2Fa2006%2Fl0%2F&FILE_AXIS=mun39.px&CGI_DEFAULT=%2Finebase%2Ftemas%2Fcgi.opt&COMANDO=SELECCION&CGI_URL=%2Finebase%2Fcgi |date=29 September 2007 }}, Instituto Nacional de Estadística website; retrieved 11 June 2007.</ref> making it the fourth largest in the region because of its proximity to the [[Bilbao]] metropolitan area, there are a large number of people not registered in Castro Urdiales, and the true count may be double the official figure.{{citation needed|date=August 2015}} The most populated municipalities of Cantabria as of 2018 are the following: # '''[[Santander, Spain|Santander]]''' (pop. 172,044) # '''[[Torrelavega]]''' (pop. 51,687) #'''[[Castro-Urdiales]]''' (pop. 31,977) # '''[[Camargo, Cantabria|Camargo]]''' (pop. 30,263) # '''[[Piélagos]]''' (pop. 25,223) # '''[[El Astillero]]''' (pop. 18,108) #'''[[Santa Cruz de Bezana]]''' (pop. 12,964) # '''[[Laredo, Cantabria|Laredo]]''' (pop. 11,148) #'''[[Santoña]]''' (pop. 11,050) # '''[[Los Corrales de Buelna]]''' (pop. 10,910) # '''[[Reinosa]]''' (pop. 9,095) ==History== ===Roman Empire=== {{main|Hispania Tarraconensis|Cantabri}} [[File:Iberia 300BC-en.svg|left|200px|thumb|Language groups of [[Pre-Roman Peoples of the Iberian Peninsula|Pre-Roman Iberia]]]] [[File:Cantabria prerromana.svg|right|thumb|200px|Cantabria during the Cantabrian Wars. This map shows the borders of the Cantabrian territory relative to modern Cantabria as well as the different tribes who inhabited it, the neighboring towns, and geographic features with their Latin names.]] The first written reference to the name Cantabria emerges around 195 BC, in which the historian [[Cato the Elder]] speaks in his book ''[[Origines]]'' about the source of the Ebro River in the country of the [[Cantabri]]:{{blockquote|...The Ebro River starts in the land of the [[Cantabri]], large and beautiful, with abundant fish...|Cato the Elder, ''Origines: VII''{{refn|group=n|Latin: {{lang|la|...fluvium Hiberum; is oritur ex Cantabris; magnus atque pulcher, pisculentus...}}}}}} There are about 150 references to Cantabria or the Cantabri in surviving [[Ancient Greek|Greek]] and [[Latin]] texts. The Cantabri were used as [[mercenary|mercenaries]] in various conflicts, both within the Iberian Peninsula and elsewhere. It is certain that they participated in the [[Second Punic War]], from references by [[Silius Italicus]]<ref>{{citation |author=Silius Italicus |at=Bk III |title=Cantabria}}</ref> and [[Horace]].<ref>{{citation |author=Horace |at=Bk IV, Ode xiv|title=Cantabria }}</ref> When [[Gaius Hostilius Mancinus|C. Hostilius Mancinus]] was besieging [[Numantia]], he withdrew upon learning that Cantabri and [[Vaccaei]] were present among his [[Roman auxiliaries|auxiliaries]]. The [[Cantabrian Wars]] began in {{nowrap|29 BC.}}<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Polito|first=Eugenio|date=30 December 2012|title=Iconografía triunfal augustea y las guerras cántabras: algunas observaciones sobre escudos redondos y puntas de lanza representados en monumentos de la Península Ibérica e Italia|url=http://aespa.revistas.csic.es/index.php/aespa/article/view/201|journal=Archivo Español de Arqueología|language=en|volume=85|pages=141–148|doi=10.3989/aespa.085.012.008|issn=1988-3110|doi-access=free}}</ref> They were defeated by [[Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa|Agrippa]] with great slaughter in {{nowrap|19 BC}}, but they revolted again under [[Tiberius]] and were never entirely subdued.{{sfnp|''EB''|1878}} In older geographers, the term Cantabria referred to an expansive country bounded by the Cantabrian Sea (the [[Bay of Biscay]]), the western side of the [[Sella River|Sella valley]] in [[Asturias]], the [[hillfort]] of [[Peña Amaya]] in [[Burgos (province)|Burgos]], and along the [[Aguera River]] almost as far as [[Castro Urdiales]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Cadavieco|first=Miguel López|title=Guerras Cántabras - La lucha contra el imperio Romano|url=http://www.regiocantabrorum.es/historia/guerras_cantabras.php|access-date=10 June 2021|website=www.regiocantabrorum.es|language=es}}</ref> It thus included areas of [[Asturias]], [[Santander, Spain|Santander]], [[Biscay]], and [[Guipuzcoa]]. Following the [[Roman conquest of Spain]], however, it was restricted to the area of [[Santander, Spain|Santander]] and eastern [[Asturias]], forming a part of [[Hispania Tarraconensis]] ("[[Tarragona]]n Spain").{{sfnp|''EB''|1878}} The principal tribes of the area were the [[Pleutauri]], the [[Varduli]], the [[Autrigones]], the [[Tuisi]], and the [[Conisci]] or [[Concaui]], who were known for [[blood drinking|feeding on their horses' blood]].{{refn|group=n|{{langx|la|...laetum equino sanguine Concanum...}}}} The area was well settled, with the largest city being [[Juliobriga]],{{sfnp|''EB''|1878}} and the local mountains exploited for [[lead]] mines.{{sfnp|''EB''|1911}} ===Middle Ages=== {{unreferenced section|date=August 2015}} [[File:Ducado de Cantabria.png|left|thumb|200px|Borders of the [[Duchy of Cantabria]]]] Following the collapse of the Roman Empire, Cantabria regained its independence from the rule of the [[Visigoths]]. In 574, King [[Liuvigild]] attacked Cantabria and managed to capture the south of the country, including the city of [[Amaya (Burgos)|Amaya]], where he established a Visigothic province called the [[Duchy of Cantabria]] (see picture), which would serve as a [[Limes (Roman Empire)|limes]] or frontier zone to contain the Cantabri as well as their neighbors the [[Vascones]]. To the north of this cordon, however, the Cantabri continued to live independently until the Arab invasion. In 714, a mixed [[Arab]]/[[Berber people|Berber]] army of [[Muslim]] Moors invaded the upper valleys of the Ebro and succeeded in capturing Amaya, the Cantabrian capital, forcing the Cantabrians back to their traditional frontiers, where they joined forces with the [[Kingdom of Asturias]]. In the first chronicles of the [[Reconquista]], Cantabria still appears to be acknowledged as a region. In the ''Albendense Chronicle'', when speaking of [[Alfonso I of Asturias|Alfonso I]], it says, "This was the son of [[Peter of Cantabria|Peter]], the duke of Cantabria".{{refn|group=n|{{langx|la|...iste Petri Cantabriae ducis filius fuit...}}}} During the 9th century, on mentioning the monastery of Saint Zacharias, in a letter sent to [[Wiliesind]], bishop of Pamplona, [[Eulogius of Córdoba]] pinpoints it in ''Seburim'' (maybe [[Zubiri, Navarre|Zubiri]]) on the [[Arga (river)|river Arga]], "waters all of Cantabria", suggesting a region stretching out far into the east. From this period on, source documents barely reference Cantabria by name, with ''Asturias'' featuring in names of the ''comarcas'' called ''[[Asturias de Santillana]]'', ''Asturias de Trasmiera'' and ''Asturias de Laredo''. [[File:Bataille de la Rochelle.jpg|200px|thumb|[[Battle of La Rochelle]]. Castilian army, formed by Cantabrians from the [[Brotherhood of the Four Cities]], defeated the English army, getting the control of the [[English Channel]] for the [[Crown of Castile]].]] From a central core formed by the ''Hermandad de las Cuatro Villas'' (''Brotherhood of the Four Cities'') (Santander, Laredo, Castro Urdiales and [[San Vicente de la Barquera]]), the ''Hermandad de las Marismas'' (''Brotherhood of the Marshes'') was created, thereby uniting all the important seaports to the East of Asturias. During the period of the Reconquista, the Four Cities actively participated in the re-settling of Andalusia, dispatching men and ships. The coastal port cities of [[Cádiz]] and [[El Puerto de Santa María]] were settled by families from the Cantabrian Sea ports. Ships from the Four Cities took part in the taking of [[Seville]], destroying the ship bridge linking [[Triana (Seville)|Triana]] and Sevilla, a victory that is represented by the [[Carrack]] and the [[Torre del Oro]] of Sevilla in the coat of arms of [[Coat of arms of Santander|Santander]], [[Coat of arms of Cantabria]] and [[Avilés]] (Asturias). ===16th to 18th centuries=== {{unreferenced section|date=August 2015}} In the 16th century, the name ''La Montaña'' (''The Mountain'') was widespread in popular usage and in literature, as a designation of the Ancient Cantabria, as opposed to [[Castile (historical region)|Castile]], which referred solely to the [[Geography of Spain#The Inner Plateau and associated mountains|Central Plateau]]. This distinction has survived into modern times. [[File:Hermandad de las Cuatro Villas.svg|thumb|left|200px|[[Brotherhood of the Four Cities]], antecedent to the Cantabrian region and the main Castilian port at the time.]] With the rise of the [[Catholic Monarchs]], the Brethren of the Marshes disappeared, leaving the Coregiment of the Four Villas, which included the whole area of influence of the old Brethren of the Four Villas (almost all of Cantabria). During the ''[[Ancien Régime|ancien régime]]'', the greatest jurisdictional lordships of Cantabria were mainly under the control of three of the [[Grandee|Grandee families]] of Spain: that of '''Mendoza''' ([[Dukedom of Infantado|Dukes of Infantado]], Marquises of Santillana), of '''Manrique de Lara''' (Marquises of Aguilar de Campoo, [[Count of Castañeda|Counts of Castañeda]]), and to a lesser extent that of '''Velasco''' ([[Dukedom of Frías|Dukes of Frías]], [[Constable of Castile|Constables of Castile]]).<ref>Antonio Bar Cendón, ''De la montaña a Cantabria: la construcción de una comunidad autónoma'' (Santander: University of Cantabria Press, 1995), 201-3. {{ISBN|8481021121}}, 9788481021127</ref> From the 16th century on, there was renewed interest in studying Cantabria and the Cantabri, particularly concerning the precise location of the territory that this people had occupied. It was not until the 18th century that the debate about the location and size of Ancient Cantabria was settled in a series of works which described the history of the region such as ''La Cantabria''<ref>Enrique Flórez. ''La Cantabria. Disertación sobre el sitio y extensión que tuvo en tiempos de los romanos la región de los cántabros, con noticia de las regiones cofinantes y de varias poblaciones Antiguas'' (The Cantabria. Dissertation of the place and extension that the land of the Cantabri had in times of the Romans, with notice of the adjacent regions and of several Ancient villages. Madrid. 1768</ref> by the Augustinian father and historian Enrique Flórez de Setién. Concurrent with the resurgence of this interest in the Cantabrians and the clarification of the aforementioned polemic, many institutions, organizations and jurisdictions in the mountainous territory received the name of "Cantabrian" or "of Cantabria".{{citation needed|date=August 2015}} In 1727, the first attempt to unify what would later become the province of Cantabria occurred. Despite this, the high level of autonomy that the small entities of the fractured estate of Cantabria enjoyed, combined with a lack of resources, continued to be the main reason for Cantabria's weakness, aggravated by the progressive advance of the [[House of Bourbon|Bourbonic]] [[Unitary state|centralism]] and its administrative efficiency. The latter continually emphasised the impossibility of the smaller territories facing a multitude of problems on their own: from communications to the exercise of justice, from putting aside adequate reserves for hard times to the indiscriminate [[levée en masse|levees]] for soldiers, and above all the progression of fiscal impositions. All of this led to an acceleration of contact between villas, valleys and jurisdictions, which tended to focus on the Assemblies of the provinces of the Nine Valleys, led by the deputies elected by the traditional entities of self-government.{{citation needed|date=August 2015}} There were two events that triggered the culmination of the integration process in this second attempt: *On the one hand, the collective interest in avoiding making contributions to the reconstruction of the bridge of [[Miranda de Ebro]], imposed by order of the Intendant of [[Burgos]] on 11 July 1775, the same year that Cantabria suffered two tremendous floods, on 20 June and on 3 November. There was a need to face as the banditry that operated with impunity in Cantabria as a result of a lack of local juridical resources. After the General Deputy of Nine Valleys gathered the affected jurisdictions to the assembly that was to take place in Puente San Miguel on 21 March 1777, they sent their respective deputies with sufficient authority to join with the Nine Valleys.{{citation needed|date=August 2015}} In this General Assembly a framework was established and formal steps began to be taken, leading to administrative and legal unity in 1778. This all culminated in the success of the Assembly held in the Assembly House of ''Puente San Miguel'' on 28 July 1778, where the province of Cantabria was constituted. It was achieved by passing the common ordinances which had been developed to that end, and which had been discussed and approved previously in councils of all the villas, valleys and subscribed jurisdictions. They were, in addition to the Nine Valleys: Rivadedeva, Peñamellera, the province of Liébana, Peñarrubia, Lamasón, Rionansa, the Villa of San Vicente de la Barquera, Coto de Estrada, Valdáliga, the Villa of Santillana del Mar, Lugar de Viérnoles, the Villa of Cartes and environs, the Valley of Buelna, the Valley of Cieza, the Valley of Iguña with the Villas of San Vicente and Los Llares, the Villa of Pujayo, the Villa of Pie de Concha y Bárcena, the Valley of Anievas, and the Valley of Toranzo. [[File:Cnt-baston.PNG|left|thumb|200px| {{Legend|#FA8072|Party and Baton of [[Laredo, Cantabria|Laredo]] (Province of Cantabria)}} {{Legend|#90EE90|[[Merindad]] of [[Campoo]] (Province of Toro).}}]] Having learned lessons from the failed attempt of 1727, the first objective of the new entity was to obtain approval from King [[Charles III of Spain|Charles III]] for the union of all the Cantabrian jurisdictions into one province. The royal ratification was granted on 22 November 1779. The 28 jurisdictions that initially comprised the province of Cantabria were clear in their intention that all the other jurisdictions that formed the ''Party and Baton of the Four Villas of the Coast'' should be included in the new province. To this end they set out the steps needed for this to happen as soon as those jurisdictions should request it. They would have to abide by the ordinances, having the same rights and duties as the founders, all on an equal footing. Thus, the following joined in quick succession: the Abbey of [[Santillana del Mar|Santillana]], the Valleys of [[Tudanca]], [[Polaciones]], [[Herrerías]], [[Castañeda]], the Villa of [[Torrelavega]] and environs, [[Val de San Vicente]], [[Valle de Carriedo]], [[Tresviso]], and the Pasiegan Villas of [[La Vega, Cantabria|La Vega]], [[San Roque, Cantabria|San Roque]] and [[San Pedro, Cantabria|San Pedro]], as well as the city of Santander with its abbey. Competition between the townships of Laredo and Santander led to the latter, having initially allowed the name of Cantabria for the province created at the beginning of the 19th century, later retracting its consent and demanding that it bear the name of Santander, so there would be no doubt as to which was the capital. When in 1821 the Provincial Council presented before the constitutional [[Cortes Generales|Courts]] its definitive plan for the provincial borders and legal entities, it proposed the name of province of Cantabria, to which the Township of Santander replied that "''this province must retain the name of Santander''". However, many newspapers still showed in their headings the name of Cantabria, or Cantabrian. ===19th century=== {{unreferenced section|date=August 2015}} [[File:Estatua de Pedro Velarde - Santander.jpg|thumb|200px|A statue in Santander erected in honor of Cantabrian artillery captain [[Pedro Velarde y Santillán]], hero of the [[Peninsular War|Spanish war of independence]], who died 2 May 1808, during the uprising against the French occupation of Madrid.]] During the [[Peninsular War|War of Independence]] (1808–1814), Bishop Rafael Tomás Menéndez de Luarca, a strong defender of absolutism, promoted himself as the "Regent of Cantabria" and established the ''Cantabrian Armaments'' in Santander, a section of the army whose purpose was to travel to all the mountain passes from the Central Plateau to detain any French troop. Although defeated, he managed later to regroup in Liébana under the command of General Juan Díaz Porlier, calling his forces the ''Cantabrian Division'', in which there were various regiments and battalions, such as the ''[[Hussar]]s of Cantabria'' ([[cavalry]]) or the ''Shooters of Cantabria'' ([[infantry]]). During the [[First Carlist War|Carlist wars]] they formed a unit called the ''Cantabrian Brigade''. ===20th century=== {{unreferenced section|date=August 2015}} The use of terms with ancestral resonance through the 18th and 19th centuries continued during the 20th century, taking on a political tone that was distinctly regionalist, until 1936. In fact, the ''Republican Federal Party'' produced an autonomy statute for a Cantabrian-Castilian Federal State that year, which would include present-day Cantabria and any neighbouring areas from [[Castile (historical region)|Castile]] and [[Asturias]] willing to join it. It could not be passed because of the [[Spanish Civil War|Civil War]]. Following the war and the subsequent marginalization of such efforts under the [[Spain under Franco|Francoists regime]], the use of the name of Cantabria decreased, to the point that for official purposes it was relegated to sports associations, the only arena in which Cantabria was noted as a region. In 1963, the president of the Provincial Council, Pedro Escalante y Huidobro, proposed reapplying the name of Cantabria to the [[Province of Santander]], as suggested in an academic report written by the historian Tomás Maza Solano. Although further steps were taken and many of the townships were in favour of the move, the petition did not succeed, mostly due to the opposition of Santander City Council. On 30 December 1981, a process that had been started in April 1979 by the Council of [[Cabezón de la Sal]], under the presidency of Ambrosio Calzada Hernández, culminated in the granting of self-rule to Cantabria, outlined in Article 143 of the [[Spanish Constitution]]. Cantabria based its claim to autonomy on the constitutional precept that made provision for self-government for "''provinces with a historic regional character''". A Mixed Assembly formed out of provincial deputies and national members of parliament began the task of drawing up an [[Statute of Autonomy of Cantabria|Autonomy Statute]] on 10 September 1979. Following the approval of the General Courts on 15 December 1981, the [[Juan Carlos I|King of Spain]] signed the corresponding Organic Law of Autonomy Statute for Cantabria on 30 December of the same year. Thus, the province of Santander broke its link to Castile, and left the former region of Castile and León to which it had belonged up to that time, together with the provinces of [[province of Ávila|Ávila]], [[province of Burgos|Burgos]], [[province of León|León]], [[La Rioja (Spain)|Logroño]], [[province of Palencia|Palencia]], [[province of Salamanca|Salamanca]], [[province of Segovia|Segovia]], [[province of Soria|Soria]], [[province of Valladolid|Valladolid]] and [[province of Zamora|Zamora]]. On 20 February 1982, the first Regional Assembly (now Parliament) was formed, with provisional status. From this time, the former province of Santander has been known as Cantabria and has thereby regained its historic name. The first home-rule elections were held in May 1983. The 4th Legislature (1995–1999) brought into effect the first great reform of the Autonomy Statute of Cantabria, approved by all the parliamentary groups. ==Government and administration== The [[Autonomy Statute of Cantabria]]<ref>{{in lang|es}} [https://web.archive.org/web/20040428235824/http://www.congreso.es/constitucion/estatutos/ind_estatutos.jsp?com=69 Constitución española: Estatuto de Autonomía de Cantabria.] Congreso de los Diputados: España; retrieved 9 June 2007.</ref> of 30 December 1981, established that Cantabria has in its institutions the desire to respect fundamental rights and public freedom, at the same time as consolidating and stimulating regional development through democratic channels. This document gathers all competences of the Autonomous Community that were transferred from the [[Government of Spain]]. As in other Autonomous Communities, some competences were not transferred, for example, Justice. The Statute also defines the symbols that should represent the region: The [[Flag of Cantabria|flag]], the [[Coat of arms of Cantabria|coat of arms]] and the [[Himno de Cantabria|anthem of Cantabria]]. The [[Parliament of Cantabria]]<ref>{{in lang|es}} [http://www.parlamento-cantabria.es Actividad Parlamentaria], Parlamento de Cantabria website; retrieved 9 June 2007.</ref> is the principal self-government institution of the Autonomous Community, being the representative body of the Cantabrians. Presently it is constituted by thirty-nine deputies elected by universal, equal, free, direct and secret suffrage. The primary functions of the Parliament are: to exercise the [[legislation|legislative power]], to approve the budgets of the Autonomous Community, to motivate and control the actions of the government, and to develop the rest of the competences that the [[Spanish Constitution]], the Autonomy Statute and the rest of the legal order bestow on it. The [[President of Cantabria|President of the Autonomous Community]] holds the highest representation of the Community and ordinary representation of the Country in Cantabria, and presides over the Government, coordinating its activities.{{citation needed|date=August 2015}} The [[Government of Cantabria]]<ref>{{in lang|es}} [http://www.gobcantabria.es/portal/page?_pageid=33,31118&_dad=interportal&_schema=INTERPORTAL Consejo de Gobierno] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070313195904/http://www.gobcantabria.es/portal/page?_pageid=33%2C31118&_dad=interportal&_schema=INTERPORTAL |date=13 March 2007 }}, gobcantabria.es; retrieved 9 June 2007.</ref> is the body in charge of directing the political activities and exercising the executive and regulatory powers according to the Constitution, the Statute and the laws. The Government is made up of the President, the Vicepresident (in which the President can delegate his executive functions and representations) and the Councillors, who are appointed and ceased by the President.{{citation needed|date=August 2015}} After several legislatures presided by the [[People's Party (Spain)|Partido Popular]] or by Juan Hormaechea's UPCA, the Regional Government of Cantabria was directed by a coalition of the [[Regionalist Party of Cantabria]] and [[Spanish Socialist Workers' Party]] (PSOE) from year 2003 until 2011. The President was [[Miguel Ángel Revilla]] of [[Partido Regionalista de Cantabria]] (PRC), and the Vice President was Dolores Gorostiaga of the PSOE. As a result of the absolute majority of the [[People's Party (Spain)|Partido Popular]] in the regional elections of 2011, the president from 2011 to 2015 was [[Ignacio Diego Palacios]], and the Vice President was also the healthcare Councillor, Maria José Sáenz de Buruaga. After the 2015 regional elections, Miguel Ángel Revilla of Partido Regionalista de Cantabria (PRC) was invested president for a third tenure with the support of PSOE.{{citation needed|date=August 2015}} ==Territorial organization== The autonomous community of Cantabria is structured in ''[[Municipalities of Spain|municipio]]s'' (municipalities) and ''[[Comarcas of Spain|comarca]]s'' (regions). ===Municipalities=== [[File:Comarcas administrativas de Cantabria.svg|right|thumb|400px|Map of the municipalities and ''comarcas'' of Cantabria {{Legend|#FF0000|[[Asón-Agüera|Asón and Agüera valleys]].}} {{Legend|#D40055|[[Besaya Valley]].}} {{Legend|#D4AA00|[[Campoo]].}} {{Legend|#00AA00|[[Western coast of Cantabria]].}} {{Legend|#892CA0|[[Eastern coast of Cantabria]].}} {{Legend|#AA0000|[[Liébana]].}} {{Legend|#CCFF00|[[Saja and Nansa valleys]].}} {{Legend|#808000|[[Bay of Santander]].}} {{Legend|#66FF00|[[Trasmiera]].}} {{Legend|#008080|[[Valles Pasiegos]].}} ]] There are 102 municipalities in Cantabria generally comprising several townships, and from these, several districts. A number of municipalities bear the name of one of their townships (be it its capital or not), but not all them do. Each municipality is governed by its own [[city council|city]] or [[municipal council]], and two of them, [[Tresviso, Cantabria|Tresviso]] and [[Pesquera, Cantabria|Pesquera]], did it by ''concejo abierto'' (''open council'') until 2011, having fewer than 250 inhabitants.{{citation needed|date=August 2015}} The Mancomunidad Campoo-Cabuérniga is not a municipality, but a communal property, singular for its size and characteristics, of shared management between the municipalities of [[Hermandad de Campoo de Suso]], [[Cabuérniga]], [[Los Tojos]] and [[Ruente]]. This mountain estate is used as a grazing ground for [[Tudanca cattle]] and also for horses in less amount, in its ''brañas'' or grass prairies, and even nowadays [[transhumant]] cattle farming traditions survive in this region.{{citation needed|date=August 2015}} See also: *[[List of municipalities in Cantabria]] ===''Comarcas'' (regions)=== The Cantabrian legislation divides the autonomous community in administrative regions called ''comarcas'', but traditionally, other subdivisions of the territory have been used. *'''Administrative regions''' ''Law 8/1999 of ''Comarcas'' of the Autonomous Community of Cantabria'' of 28 April 1999 establishes that the comarca is a necessary entity, integral in the territorial organization of the region. This law opens the development of the ''comarcalization'' in Cantabria promoting the creation of ''comarcal'' entities, which have barely begun to appear. The law establishes that the creation of comarcas will not become mandatory for the whole territory until at least the 70% of it had not been ''comarcalized'' by its own will. {{Clarify|reason=confusing|date=August 2015}} It also adds that Santander will not ruled by comarcalization and should establish its own [[metropolitan area]] instead.{{citation needed|date=August 2015}} ''Comarcas'' in Cantabria have not reached administrative nature and barely have definite borders. Only Liébana for its geographic position in Picos de Europa, Trasmiera and Campoo, in the Ebro basin are established are clearly defined ''comarcas'' in the region. Nevertheless, functional differences in the territory can be distinguished, dividing it in the following areas: [[Santander Bay]], of industrial and urban nature; [[Besaya valley|Besaya]], also industrial; [[Saja and Nansa valleys|Saja-Nansa]], eminently rural; [[Western coast of Cantabria|Western Coast]], which has urban character; [[Eastern coast of Cantabria|Eastern Coast]], vacational; the traditionally renowned [[Trasmiera]]; rural [[Valles Pasiegos|Pas-Miera]]; [[Asón valley|Asón-Agüera]], also mainly rural; the very well defined [[Liébana]], and [[Campoo|Campoo-Los Valles]], rural and industrial by regions. *'''Natural regions''' (regarding geographical features) **Coastal strip **Central strip (Cantabrian valleys perpendicular to the coast): Liébana, Saja and Nansa, Besaya, Pas and Miera (or Valles Pasiegos), and Asón-Gándara valleys. **Southern strip (Rivers Ebro and Duero's basins): Campoo and Southern valleys *'''Historic regions''' Until the 13th century, Cantabria was organized in valleys, as was typical in all of northern Spain. From then on, it was substituted by the organization in cities, towns or historic ''comarcas'' that grouped several valleys. ==Economy== {{unreferenced section|date=August 2015}} [[File:Santander.Banco.Santander.jpg|thumb|left|200px|[[Banco Santander]] headquarters, in ''Paseo de Pereda'', Santander]] The [[economy]] of Cantabria has a [[primary sector]], now in decline, employing 5.8% of the active population in the [[industry (economics)|industries]] of cattle farming, traditional dairy farming, and meat production; agriculture, especially corn, potatoes, vegetables, and roughage; maritime fishing; and the mining of [[zinc]] and [[quarry|quarries]]. The [[secondary sector]] which employs 30.3% of the active population is the sector with the most productivity in recent years due to construction; that of [[ironwork]]ing (Reinosa being the most important city), food service (milk, meat, vegetables and seafood), [[chemical industry|chemistry]] (Solvay, Sniace), paper production (Sinace, Papelera del Besaya), [[textile]] fabrication (Textil Santanderina in Cabezón de la Sal), [[pharmacy]] (Moehs in Requejada), industrial groups and transport, etc. The [[service sector]] employs 63.8% of the active population and is increasing, given that large concentrations of the population live in the urban centers and the importance that [[tourism]] has acquired in the recent years. As of July 2014, the [[unemployment]] rate in Cantabria is 19.3%, compared to 24.47% in Spain; while as of April 2010 its [[purchasing power parity]] was €25,326, compared to €26,100 in Spain and €25,100 in the [[European Union|EU]]25. In 2007, Cantabria's growth of real [[GDP]] was 4.1%, compared to a 3.9% average for Spain. The [[Gross domestic product]] (GDP) of the region was 13.8 billion € in 2018. GDP per capita adjusted for purchasing power was €25,500 or 84% of the EU27 average in the same year.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/documents/2995521/10474907/1-05032020-AP-EN.pdf/81807e19-e4c8-2e53-c98a-933f5bf30f58|title=Regional GDP per capita ranged from 30% to 263% of the EU average in 2018|website=Eurostat}}</ref> ==Transportation and communications== [[File:Santander.Airport.jpg|thumb|200px|Parayas airport, located in the municipality of [[Camargo, Cantabria|Camargo]], 5 km from Santander]] The most significant consequence of the strong relief of the Cantabrian territory is the existence of topographic barriers that condition decisively the courses of the linking infrastructures, as much in the north–south orientation in the accesses to the [[Geography of Spain#The Inner Plateau and associated mountains|Castilian Mesa]], as in the east–west in the communication between valleys. Moreover, the cost of their construction and maintenance is much higher than average.{{citation needed|date=August 2015}} The main communications infrastructures of the region are: * [[Santander Airport]] * Cantabrian Motorway ([[Autovía A-8]], European route E-70) * Cantabria-Meseta Motorway ([[Autovía A-67]]) * Narrow-gauge [[railway]] [[Santander, Cantabria|Santander]]-[[Oviedo]] ([[Renfe Feve]]) * Narrow-gauge railway Santander-[[Bilbao]] (Renfe Feve) * Broad-gauge railway Santander-[[Palencia]]-[[Valladolid]]-[[Ávila, Spain|Ávila]]-[[Madrid]] ([[Renfe]]) * Broad-gauge high-speed railway Santander-[[Torrelavega]]-[[Valladolid]]-[[Segovia]]-[[Madrid]] ([[Renfe]]) * [[Ferry]] line Santander-[[Plymouth]] ==Mass media and public opinion== {{unreferenced section|date=August 2015}} In Cantabria, there are two daily regional newspapers in addition to the national ones: ''El Diario Montañés'' and ''Alerta'', as well as many weekly, fortnightly and monthly publications. The main national radio stations have transmitter stations in places like Santander, Torrelavega, Castro-Urdiales, or Reinosa. There are also numerous local and regional stations. For the moment, there is no Cantabrian autonomic television with public financing, although some local channels exist (including Canal 8 DM, TeleBahía, Telecabarga, Localia TV Cantabria, etc.). In recent years, the Internet has allowed new informative proposals to emerge in the shape of digital diaries or blogs, which contribute to enrich the mediatic panorama of the region. ==Culture== [[File:Techo de Altamira (replica)-Museo Arqueológico Nacional.jpg|thumb|200px|[[Altamira Cave]] paintings, made by [[Cro-Magnon]]s.<ref name="timesonline.co.uk">{{Cite news|url=http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/travel/specials/artistic_spain/article5904206.ece|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100525125935/http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/travel/specials/artistic_spain/article5904206.ece|url-status=dead|archive-date=25 May 2010|work=The Times|location=London, UK|title=After Altamira all is decadence|first=Edward|last=Owen|date=14 March 2009|access-date=28 April 2010}}</ref>]] ===Language=== [[Spanish language|Spanish]] is the official language of Cantabria. The eastern part of Cantabria contributed to the origins of [[Old Spanish|Medieval Spanish]] in a significant way. {{Citation needed|date=October 2020}} In western areas, there are remnants of the [[Cantabrian dialect|Cantabrian language]], also called ''"montañés"'', and it is also somewhat preserved in parts of the Pas and Soba valleys in its eastern zone. Cantabrian can be viewed as a dialect of the wider [[Astur-Leonese language]] continuum, and is [[mutually intelligible]] with varieties in neighbouring [[Asturias]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Menéndez Pidal|first=R|title=El dialecto Leonés|orig-year=1906|year=2006|publisher=El Buho Viajero|location=León|isbn=84-933781-6-X}}</ref> ===Monuments and museums=== [[File:La Pasiega-Galeria C-panel 77.png|thumb|left|100px|One of the many paleolithic paintings in the [[Cave of La Pasiega]]]] *'''Caves''': [[Altamira (cave)|Altamira Cave]], [[Cave of El Soplao|El Soplao]], [[Cave del Valle (Cantabria)|Del Valle]], El Pendo, [[Cueva de La Pasiega|La Pasiega Cave]], Las Monedas, El Castillo, Morín, and others. *'''Civil architecture''': [[Palacio de la Magdalena|Magdalena palace]] in Santander; Capricho de Gaudí, [[Comillas Pontifical University|Pontifical University of Comillas]] and Sobrellano palace in Comillas; Bárcena palace in Ampuero; Castle of Argüeso in Campoo; Hornillos palace in Las Fraguas del Besaya; etc. *'''Religious architecture''': Collegiate of Santillana del Mar, Collegiate of Santa Cruz de Castañeda, [[Santo Toribio de Liébana|Santo Toribio de Liébana Monastery]], Santa María de Lebeña, Santa María de Piasca, Santa María del Puerto, San Román del Moroso, Santa Catalina del Cintul, Santuario de Virgen de la Peña, ermita de San Cipriano, ermita de Monte Corona, etc. *'''Museums''': Cantabrian Sea Maritime Museum, Ethnographic Museum of Cantabria, Santander Museum of Fine Arts, Regional Museum of Prehistory and Arqueology of Cantabria, Cantabrian Museum of Nature, Altamira National Museum and Investigation Centre, and others. ===Universities=== [[File:Palacio de la Magdalena.jpg|thumb|200px|'''International University Menéndez Pelayo'''. [[Palacio de la Magdalena]]. Venue for the summer courses of the UIMP (Santander). It also was a seasonal residence for kings of Spain.]] *[[University of Cantabria]] *[[International University Menéndez Pelayo]] *[[Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia]] *Campus Comillas *CESINE *[[European University of the Atlantic|Universidad Europea del Atlántico]] ===Fairs and festivals=== [[File:La Vijanera.jpg|thumb|200px|[[La Vijanera]] in Silió]] Regarding the [[fair]]s, understood as big markets of products periodically celebrated, it is remarkable the ''Livestock Fair of Torrelavega'' taking place in the National Livestock Market "Jesús Collado Soto", the third biggest of Spain, that groups the buy and sell of all kinds of cattle in the region itself and the adjacent ones, being the bovine the main product. All over the region cattle and typical products fairs are celebrated weekly, monthly, or annually to gather the neighbours of the land. There are many different festivities in Cantabria, some of them limited just to small villages, but there are also festivals that attract tourism from all over the country. The most important are the following: *''[[La Vijanera]]'' (Winter Carnival), celebrated during the first Sunday of the year in [[Silió]]. It celebrates the end of the short winter days and the arrival of the sun. The representation of a white bear hunt takes place all over this little village. The traditional dressing of the characters in the play, the trapajones and the zarramacos, is one of its main features. *''Carnaval marinero'' (Sailor Carnival), in February in [[Santoña]]. Commonly known as "the carnivals of the North", in this carnival, started in 1934, many people of the town participate dressing themselves up as fish. The main event is the "Trial at the bottom of the ocean", where the "''[[Bream|besugo]]''" is judged before the last act, "The burning of the ''besugo''". (A ''besugo'' is a foolish person besides a type of fish). *''La Folía'', April in [[San Vicente de la Barquera]], a parade of local fishing boats following one with a statue of the Virgin. *''Coso Blanco'', first Friday in July in Castro Urdiales. Colorful parade with carts. *''Cantabria Day'', second Sunday of August in [[Cabezón de la Sal]]. Traditional Cantabrian music, ceramics fair, local foods, [[bolo palma]] championships, ox dragging contests and public speeches. *SAUGA folk music festival, celebrated the third weekend of August in [[Colindres]]. *''Floral Gala'', August en [[Torrelavega]]. A festival of international touristic importance with carts decorated with flowers. *''Battle of Flowers'', August, in Laredo. Carts decorated with flowers and fruit. [[Fireworks]] in the evening. *''Campoo Day'', September in [[Reinosa]]. Tourist fair of regional importance since 1977 and celebrated since the 19th century, it shows customs and traditions of the [[Campoo|Campurrians]] in their capital. [[Cattle]] shows, local products market and regional costumes are the items in this festival.{{citation needed|date=August 2015}} The following [[festival]]s are also remarkable in modern Cantabrian culture: [[Santander International Festival]]<ref>{{in lang|es}} [http://www.festivalsantander.com/index_es.html Festival Internacional de Santander website] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070710151000/http://www.festivalsantander.com/index_es.html |date=10 July 2007 }}</ref> (Arts festival), Santander Summer Festival<ref>[http://www.santandersummerfestival.com] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070324053339/http://www.santandersummerfestival.com/|date=24 March 2007}}</ref> (Music festival), Sotocine<ref>{{in lang|es}} [http://www.sotocine.tk/ Sotocine website] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071007081658/http://www.sotocine.tk/ |date=7 October 2007 }}</ref> (Film festival) ===Mythology=== {{Main|Cantabrian mythology}} {{unreferenced section|date=August 2015}} The north of the Spanish state is a rich area for [[mythology]]. From [[Galicia, Spain|Galicia]] to the [[Basque Country (autonomous community)|Basque Country]], passing by Asturias and Cantabria, there are rites, stories and imaginary or impossible beings. Cantabrian lore turns its forests and mountains into magical places where the [[myth]]s, [[belief]]s and [[legend]]s have been present as an essential part of the [[Cantabrian culture]], either because they have been living in the popular heritage through the [[oral tradition]] transmitted from father to son, or because they have been recovered by scholars ([[Manuel Llano (scholar)|Manuel Llano]] and others) who have worried about preserving the cultural heritage. Its mythology and [[superstition]]s present a great [[Celt]]ic influence that has diluted with the pass of time, being [[Religion in ancient Rome|romanized]] or [[Christianity|Christianized]] in many cases. There is a heavy presence of fabulous beings of [[giant (mythology)|giant]] proportions and [[Cyclopean]] features (the ''[[ojáncanu|ojáncanos]]''), fantastic animals (''[[cuélebre|culebres]]'', ''[[caballucos del diablu]]'' (lit. horses of the devil, [[damselfly|damselflies]]), ''[[ramidreju]]s'', etc.), [[Fairy|færies]] (''anjanas'', ''ijanas'' of Aras), [[duende (mythology)|duendes]] (''nuberos, ventolines, [[trenti]]s, trasgus, trastolillos, musgosu, tentiruju''), [[anthropomorphic]] characters (the ''sirenuca'' (little mermaid), the [[fish-man]], the [[cuegle]], the wife-bear of Andara, the ''guajona''), etc. ==Cuisine== {{Main|Cantabrian cuisine}} {{unreferenced section|date=August 2015}} *'''Typical dishes''': ''[[Cocido montañés]]'' (''Highlander stew'') made with [[common bean|beans]] and [[collard greens]]; ''[[cocido lebaniego]]'' (''[[Liébana]]n stew'') made from [[chickpea]]s and [[marmita]]). *'''Meat dishes''': [[Beef]], [[ox]], [[deer]], [[roe deer]] or [[boar]]. Cooked on the grill, stewed or with vegetables. :The livestock farming reputation of the region and its climatological conditions favouring [[cattle]] breeding allowed the [[European Union]] to pass the "Meats of Cantabria" denomination as a ''[[Protected geographical indications in the European Union|Protected Geographic Denomination]]'' for the beef of certain kinds of native races (''Tudanca'', ''Monchina'') and others adapted to the environment or integrated by assimilation (''Brown Alpine''). *'''Fish and seafood''': [[anchovy|Anchovies]], [[Lophius piscatorius|angler]], [[hake]], [[European seabass|sea bass]], [[Soleidae|sole]], [[Atlantic horse mackerel|mackerel]], [[sardine]], [[European anchovy|European anchovies]], [[bonito]] of the North (of Spain), [[gilt-head bream]], [[sea bream]], [[red mullet]], and [[Scorpaenidae|scorpionfish]], as well as some river fish such as [[trout]] and [[salmon]]. ''Rabas'' (fried [[calamari]]) and ''cachón en su tinta'' ([[cuttlefish]] cooked in its own ink) are local specialties. [[Clam]], [[blue mussel|mussel]], [[Ensis|muergos (jackknife)]], [[cockle (bivalve)|cockle]], [[velvet crab]], [[Maja squinado|spider crab]], [[pollicipes pollicipes|goose barnacle]], [[Common periwinkle|periwinkle]], [[Norway lobster]] and [[European lobster]] are available.{{citation needed|date=August 2015}} *'''Desserts''': ''[[Quesada Pasiega|Quesadas]]'' and ''[[sobao]]s'' of the Pas valley; [[Unquera]]'s Corbatas and [[Torrelavega]]'s polkas (both basically [[puff pastry]]); Palucos de Cabezón de la Sal; and Pantortillas of Reinosa. *'''Cheeses''': Quesucos de Liébana. *'''Drinks''': [[txakoli|Chacolí]]; [[apple cider]] and [[orujo]] (liquor made from [[pomace]]) from [[Liébana]]; and tostadillo from [[Potes]]. ==Sports== [[File:Regata Pedreña.JPG|thumb|200px|''Trainera'' regatta at the [[Santander bay]]]] The traditional sport of Cantabria is the game of ''bolos''<ref>{{in lang|es}} [http://www.ayto-selaya.com/index.php?a=vbohis History of the ''Bolos'' in Cantabria.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130703225846/http://www.ayto-selaya.com/index.php?a=vbohis |date=3 July 2013 }} Selaya Township website. Retrieved on 5 August 2007.</ref> ([[skittles (sport)|skittles]]) in its four forms: ''[[bolo palma]]'', ''pasabolo tablón'', ''pasabolo losa'' and ''bolo pasiego''. The first one is the most widespread, exceeding regional nature and reaching the eastern zone of Asturias and also being the most complex in its game rules. The existence of ''boleras'' or skittle rings is important in every Cantabrian township, often being near the church or the village pub. Since the late 1980s, skittle play has consolidated with the reinforcement of skittle schools, revamped by different town councils and Cantabrian institutions, various competitions, and media coverage.{{citation needed|date=August 2015}} The remo ([[rowing (sport)|rowing]]) is a very traditional sport in the coastal towns. The origins of rowing in Cantabria go back many centuries, when several ''[[trainera]]s'' (traditional fishing [[longboat]]s) competed for the selling of the caught fish, which was reserved for the first ship to arrive to the [[fish market]]. At the end of the 19th century, work became sport and people started to celebrate [[regatta]]s between Cantabrian townships. The sport clubs of Cantabria, especially the [[Sociedad Deportiva de Remo Astillero|Astillero]], [[Sociedad Deportiva de Remo Castro Urdiales|Castro Urdiales]], and the [[Sociedad Deportiva de Remo Pedreña|Pedreña]] belong to the most prize-winning teams of the history of this sport, and nowadays they are having one of the best moments after a decades-long period of trophy drought.{{citation needed|date=August 2015}} [[File:Palacio de los Deportes de Santander.jpg|300x300px|thumb|left|Santander Sports Palace: a basketball game featuring the local team, the ''[[Cantabria Lobos]]'' (wolves).]] The Pasiegan jump is another of the outstanding rural sports of the region and a clear example of how the use of a work skill that disappears with the pass of time, gives rise to games and competition. Similar to other forms, like the [[Salto del pastor|Canarian shepherd jump]], in the beginning this technique was used in the Pasiegan valleys to cross the stone walls, the fences, the creeks or the ravines that bordered the fields and obstructed the pass in the abrupt geography of the highland areas of Cantabria. Referring to mass sports, Cantabria is present in national and international competitions through teams such as the ''[[Racing de Santander]]'', the ''[[RS Gimnástica de Torrelavega]]'' and the [[Cantabria autonomous football team]] in [[Football in Spain|football]] or the ''[[Independiente RC]]'' in [[División de Honor de Rugby|rugby union]]. The ''[[CB Cantabria|Club Balonmano Cantabria]]'' that won [[Liga ASOBAL|Leagues]] and [[Copa del Rey de Balonmano|King's Cups]] as well as [[IHF Super Globe]], [[EHF Champions League]], [[EHF Cup Winners' Cup]] and [[EHF Cup]] in [[team handball|handball]] or the [[Cantabria Baloncesto|Cantabria Lobos]] that played in the [[Liga ACB|ACB]] in [[basketball]] represented the highest level of the Cantabrian sport in the recent past.{{citation needed|date=August 2015}} ==Notable Cantabrians== [[File:Marcelino Menéndez Pelayo, por Kaulak.jpg|thumb|200px|[[Marcelino Menéndez Pelayo]]]] {{See also|:Category:People from Cantabria}} Cantabria has been the birthplace of exceptional and notable individuals in fields such as literature, arts, sciences, etc. Many of them have played a decisive role, not only in the history and events of the region, but also on the national and international levels. These include: *'''Business''': [[Jesús de Polanco]], [[Emilio Botín]], [[Ana Patricia Botín|Ana Patricia Botin]], [[Vicente Calderón|Vicente Calderon]] *'''Sports''': [[Francisco Gento]], [[Santillana (footballer)|"Santillana"]], [[José Manuel Abascal]], [[Seve Ballesteros]], [[Óscar Freire]], [[Juan José Cobo]], [[Cecilio Lastra]], [[Francisco Ventoso]], [[Ruth Beitia]], [[Sergio Canales]], [[Athenea del Castillo]] *'''Music''': [[Ataúlfo Argenta]], [[David Bustamante]], [[La Fuga (band)|La Fuga]] *'''Film, radio, and TV''': [[Mario Camus]], [[Manuel Gutiérrez Aragón]], [[Eduardo Noriega (Spanish actor)|Eduardo Noriega]], [[Antonio Resines]], [[Nacho Vigalondo]], [[Ricardo Palacios]]. *'''Military''': [[Corocotta]], [[Pedro Velarde]] *'''Religion''': [[Emeterius and Celedonius|San Emeterio, San Celedonio]], [[Beatus of Liébana]] *'''Explorers''': [[Juan de la Cosa]], [[Vital Alsar]], [[José de Bustamante y Guerra]] *'''Literature''': [[José María de Pereda]], [[Concha Espina]], [[Gerardo Diego]], [[Álvaro Pombo]], [[Luys Santa Marina]]. *'''Painting''': [[María Blanchard]], [[José de Madrazo]], [[Francisco González Gómez]] *'''Science and technology''': [[Leonardo Torres Quevedo]], [[Juan de Herrera]] *'''Politics''': [[Luis Carrero Blanco]], [[José Luis Zamanillo González-Camino|José Luis Zamanillo]], [[Alfredo Pérez Rubalcaba]], [[Joaquín Leguina]], [[Miguel Ángel Revilla]], [[Antonio Valverde y Cosío]] *'''Sociology''': [[Rosa Cobo Bedía]] ==See also== *[[List of mammals of Cantabria]] *[[List of Amphibian and Reptile of Cantabria]] *[[Architecture of Cantabria]] *[[Caves in Cantabria]] *[[Lábaru]] *[[Duchy of Cantabria]] *[[List of municipalities in Cantabria]] *[[Nine Valleys lawsuit]] *[[Hermandad de las Cuatro Villas]] *[[La Marina (Cantabria)]] *[[Castle of Pedraja]] ==Notes== {{reflist|group=n}} ==References== {{hatnote|This article draws heavily on the [[:es:Cantabria|corresponding article]] in the [[:es:Portada|Spanish-language Wikipedia]], which was accessed on 31 March 2007.}} ===Citations=== {{Reflist}} ===Bibliography=== * {{cite EB9 |mode=cs2 |wstitle=Cantabria |volume=5 |ref={{harvid|''EB''|1878}} |page=27}} * {{cite EB1911 |mode=cs2 |wstitle=Cantabri |volume=5 |ref={{harvid|''EB''|1911}} |page=207}} * {{citation |last=González Echegaray |first=J. |title=Los Cántabros |location=Santander |publisher=Estvdio |year=1993 |isbn=84-87934-23-4}} ==External links== {{commons category|Cantabria}} * [http://www.camaracantabria.com Camara de Comercio de Cantabria] {{Administrative divisions of Spain}} {{Provinces of Spain}} {{Portal bar|Spain}} {{Authority control}} [[Category:Cantabria| ]] [[Category:Green Spain]] [[Category:NUTS 2 statistical regions of the European Union]] [[Category:States and territories established in 1982]] [[Category:Autonomous communities of Spain]] </textarea><div class="templatesUsed"><div class="mw-templatesUsedExplanation"><p><span id="templatesused">Pages transcluded onto the current version of this page<span class="posteditwindowhelplinks"> (<a href="/wiki/Help:Transclusion" title="Help:Transclusion">help</a>)</span>:</span> </p></div><ul> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:About" title="Template:About">Template:About</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:About&action=edit" title="Template:About">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Administrative_divisions_of_Spain" title="Template:Administrative divisions of Spain">Template:Administrative divisions of Spain</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Administrative_divisions_of_Spain&action=edit" title="Template:Administrative divisions of Spain">edit</a>) </li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Ambox" title="Template:Ambox">Template:Ambox</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Ambox&action=edit" title="Template:Ambox">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Audio" title="Template:Audio">Template:Audio</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Audio&action=edit" title="Template:Audio">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Authority_control" title="Template:Authority control">Template:Authority control</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Authority_control&action=edit" title="Template:Authority control">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Blockquote" title="Template:Blockquote">Template:Blockquote</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Blockquote&action=edit" title="Template:Blockquote">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Blockquote/styles.css" title="Template:Blockquote/styles.css">Template:Blockquote/styles.css</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Blockquote/styles.css&action=edit" title="Template:Blockquote/styles.css">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Both" title="Template:Both">Template:Both</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Both&action=edit" title="Template:Both">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Catalog_lookup_link" title="Template:Catalog lookup link">Template:Catalog lookup link</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Catalog_lookup_link&action=edit" title="Template:Catalog lookup link">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Category_handler" title="Template:Category handler">Template:Category handler</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Category_handler&action=edit" title="Template:Category handler">view source</a>) (protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Citation" title="Template:Citation">Template:Citation</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Citation&action=edit" title="Template:Citation">view source</a>) (protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Citation_needed" title="Template:Citation needed">Template:Citation needed</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Citation_needed&action=edit" title="Template:Citation needed">view source</a>) (protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_EB1911" title="Template:Cite EB1911">Template:Cite EB1911</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Cite_EB1911&action=edit" title="Template:Cite EB1911">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_EB9" title="Template:Cite EB9">Template:Cite EB9</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Cite_EB9&action=edit" title="Template:Cite EB9">view source</a>) (semi-protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">Template:Cite book</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Cite_book&action=edit" title="Template:Cite book">view source</a>) (protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_encyclopedia" title="Template:Cite encyclopedia">Template:Cite encyclopedia</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Cite_encyclopedia&action=edit" title="Template:Cite encyclopedia">view source</a>) (protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_journal" title="Template:Cite journal">Template:Cite journal</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Cite_journal&action=edit" title="Template:Cite journal">view source</a>) (protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_news" title="Template:Cite news">Template:Cite news</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Cite_news&action=edit" title="Template:Cite news">view source</a>) (protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">Template:Cite web</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Cite_web&action=edit" title="Template:Cite web">view source</a>) (protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_wikisource/make_link" title="Template:Cite wikisource/make link">Template:Cite wikisource/make link</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Cite_wikisource/make_link&action=edit" title="Template:Cite wikisource/make link">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Clarify" title="Template:Clarify">Template:Clarify</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Clarify&action=edit" title="Template:Clarify">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Clear" title="Template:Clear">Template:Clear</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Clear&action=edit" title="Template:Clear">view source</a>) (protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Color" title="Template:Color">Template:Color</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Color&action=edit" title="Template:Color">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Color/styles.css" title="Template:Color/styles.css">Template:Color/styles.css</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Color/styles.css&action=edit" title="Template:Color/styles.css">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Comma_separated_entries" title="Template:Comma separated entries">Template:Comma separated entries</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Comma_separated_entries&action=edit" title="Template:Comma separated entries">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Commons_category" title="Template:Commons category">Template:Commons category</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Commons_category&action=edit" title="Template:Commons category">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Convert" title="Template:Convert">Template:Convert</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Convert&action=edit" title="Template:Convert">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Convert_abbreviated" title="Template:Convert abbreviated">Template:Convert abbreviated</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Convert_abbreviated&action=edit" title="Template:Convert abbreviated">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Coord" title="Template:Coord">Template:Coord</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Coord&action=edit" title="Template:Coord">view source</a>) (protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Country_data_Andalusia" title="Template:Country data Andalusia">Template:Country data Andalusia</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Country_data_Andalusia&action=edit" title="Template:Country data Andalusia">view source</a>) (semi-protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Country_data_Aragon" title="Template:Country data Aragon">Template:Country data Aragon</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Country_data_Aragon&action=edit" title="Template:Country data Aragon">view source</a>) (semi-protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Country_data_Asturias" title="Template:Country data Asturias">Template:Country data Asturias</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Country_data_Asturias&action=edit" title="Template:Country data Asturias">view source</a>) (semi-protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Country_data_Balearic_Islands" title="Template:Country data Balearic Islands">Template:Country data Balearic Islands</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Country_data_Balearic_Islands&action=edit" title="Template:Country data Balearic Islands">view source</a>) (semi-protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Country_data_Basque_Country" title="Template:Country data Basque Country">Template:Country data Basque Country</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Country_data_Basque_Country&action=edit" title="Template:Country data Basque Country">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Country_data_Canary_Islands" title="Template:Country data Canary Islands">Template:Country data Canary Islands</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Country_data_Canary_Islands&action=edit" title="Template:Country data Canary Islands">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Country_data_Cantabria" title="Template:Country data Cantabria">Template:Country data Cantabria</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Country_data_Cantabria&action=edit" title="Template:Country data Cantabria">view source</a>) (semi-protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Country_data_Castile_and_Le%C3%B3n" title="Template:Country data Castile and León">Template:Country data Castile and León</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Country_data_Castile_and_Le%C3%B3n&action=edit" title="Template:Country data Castile and León">view source</a>) (semi-protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Country_data_Castilla%E2%80%93La_Mancha" title="Template:Country data Castilla–La Mancha">Template:Country data Castilla–La Mancha</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Country_data_Castilla%E2%80%93La_Mancha&action=edit" title="Template:Country data Castilla–La Mancha">view source</a>) (semi-protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Country_data_Catalonia" title="Template:Country data Catalonia">Template:Country data Catalonia</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Country_data_Catalonia&action=edit" title="Template:Country data Catalonia">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Country_data_Ceuta" title="Template:Country data Ceuta">Template:Country data Ceuta</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Country_data_Ceuta&action=edit" title="Template:Country data Ceuta">view source</a>) (semi-protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Country_data_Community_of_Madrid" title="Template:Country data Community of Madrid">Template:Country data Community of Madrid</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Country_data_Community_of_Madrid&action=edit" title="Template:Country data Community of Madrid">view source</a>) (semi-protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Country_data_Extremadura" title="Template:Country data Extremadura">Template:Country data Extremadura</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Country_data_Extremadura&action=edit" title="Template:Country data Extremadura">view source</a>) (semi-protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Country_data_Galicia" title="Template:Country data Galicia">Template:Country data Galicia</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Country_data_Galicia&action=edit" title="Template:Country data Galicia">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Country_data_La_Rioja_(Spain)" title="Template:Country data La Rioja (Spain)">Template:Country data La Rioja (Spain)</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Country_data_La_Rioja_(Spain)&action=edit" title="Template:Country data La Rioja (Spain)">view source</a>) (semi-protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Country_data_Madrid" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:Country data Madrid">Template:Country data Madrid</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Country_data_Madrid&action=edit" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:Country data Madrid">view source</a>) (semi-protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Country_data_Melilla" title="Template:Country data Melilla">Template:Country data Melilla</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Country_data_Melilla&action=edit" title="Template:Country data Melilla">edit</a>) </li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Country_data_Murcia" title="Template:Country data Murcia">Template:Country data Murcia</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Country_data_Murcia&action=edit" title="Template:Country data Murcia">view source</a>) (semi-protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Country_data_Navarre" title="Template:Country data Navarre">Template:Country data Navarre</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Country_data_Navarre&action=edit" title="Template:Country data Navarre">view source</a>) (semi-protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Country_data_Valencian_Community" title="Template:Country data Valencian Community">Template:Country data Valencian Community</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Country_data_Valencian_Community&action=edit" title="Template:Country data Valencian Community">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Cvt" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:Cvt">Template:Cvt</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Cvt&action=edit" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:Cvt">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:DMCA" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:DMCA">Template:DMCA</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:DMCA&action=edit" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:DMCA">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Dated_maintenance_category" title="Template:Dated maintenance category">Template:Dated maintenance category</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Dated_maintenance_category&action=edit" title="Template:Dated maintenance category">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Dated_maintenance_category_(articles)" title="Template:Dated maintenance category (articles)">Template:Dated maintenance category (articles)</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Dated_maintenance_category_(articles)&action=edit" title="Template:Dated maintenance category (articles)">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Delink" title="Template:Delink">Template:Delink</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Delink&action=edit" title="Template:Delink">view source</a>) (protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:FULLROOTPAGENAME" title="Template:FULLROOTPAGENAME">Template:FULLROOTPAGENAME</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:FULLROOTPAGENAME&action=edit" title="Template:FULLROOTPAGENAME">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Find_sources_mainspace" title="Template:Find sources mainspace">Template:Find sources mainspace</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Find_sources_mainspace&action=edit" title="Template:Find sources mainspace">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Fix" title="Template:Fix">Template:Fix</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Fix&action=edit" title="Template:Fix">view source</a>) (protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Fix-span" title="Template:Fix-span">Template:Fix-span</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Fix-span&action=edit" title="Template:Fix-span">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Fix/category" title="Template:Fix/category">Template:Fix/category</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Fix/category&action=edit" title="Template:Fix/category">view source</a>) (protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Fix_comma_category" title="Template:Fix comma category">Template:Fix comma category</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Fix_comma_category&action=edit" title="Template:Fix comma category">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Flag" title="Template:Flag">Template:Flag</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Flag&action=edit" title="Template:Flag">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Flag/core" title="Template:Flag/core">Template:Flag/core</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Flag/core&action=edit" title="Template:Flag/core">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Fraction/styles.css" title="Template:Fraction/styles.css">Template:Fraction/styles.css</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Fraction/styles.css&action=edit" title="Template:Fraction/styles.css">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Greater_color_contrast_ratio" title="Template:Greater color contrast ratio">Template:Greater color contrast ratio</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Greater_color_contrast_ratio&action=edit" title="Template:Greater color contrast ratio">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Harvid" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:Harvid">Template:Harvid</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Harvid&action=edit" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:Harvid">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Hatnote" title="Template:Hatnote">Template:Hatnote</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Hatnote&action=edit" title="Template:Hatnote">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Historical_populations" title="Template:Historical populations">Template:Historical populations</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Historical_populations&action=edit" title="Template:Historical populations">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Hlist/styles.css" title="Template:Hlist/styles.css">Template:Hlist/styles.css</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Hlist/styles.css&action=edit" title="Template:Hlist/styles.css">view source</a>) (protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:IPA" title="Template:IPA">Template:IPA</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:IPA&action=edit" title="Template:IPA">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:IPAc-en" title="Template:IPAc-en">Template:IPAc-en</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:IPAc-en&action=edit" title="Template:IPAc-en">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:ISBN" title="Template:ISBN">Template:ISBN</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:ISBN&action=edit" title="Template:ISBN">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:If_empty" title="Template:If empty">Template:If empty</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:If_empty&action=edit" title="Template:If empty">view source</a>) (protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Ifnoerror_then_show" title="Template:Ifnoerror then show">Template:Ifnoerror then show</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Ifnoerror_then_show&action=edit" title="Template:Ifnoerror then show">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Ifsubst" title="Template:Ifsubst">Template:Ifsubst</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Ifsubst&action=edit" title="Template:Ifsubst">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:In_lang" title="Template:In lang">Template:In lang</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:In_lang&action=edit" title="Template:In lang">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Infobox" title="Template:Infobox">Template:Infobox</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Infobox&action=edit" title="Template:Infobox">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Infobox_mapframe" title="Template:Infobox mapframe">Template:Infobox mapframe</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Infobox_mapframe&action=edit" title="Template:Infobox mapframe">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Infobox_settlement" title="Template:Infobox settlement">Template:Infobox settlement</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Infobox_settlement&action=edit" title="Template:Infobox settlement">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Infobox_settlement/areadisp" title="Template:Infobox settlement/areadisp">Template:Infobox settlement/areadisp</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Infobox_settlement/areadisp&action=edit" title="Template:Infobox settlement/areadisp">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Infobox_settlement/columns" title="Template:Infobox settlement/columns">Template:Infobox settlement/columns</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Infobox_settlement/columns&action=edit" title="Template:Infobox settlement/columns">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Infobox_settlement/columns/styles.css" title="Template:Infobox settlement/columns/styles.css">Template:Infobox settlement/columns/styles.css</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Infobox_settlement/columns/styles.css&action=edit" title="Template:Infobox settlement/columns/styles.css">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Infobox_settlement/densdisp" title="Template:Infobox settlement/densdisp">Template:Infobox settlement/densdisp</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Infobox_settlement/densdisp&action=edit" title="Template:Infobox settlement/densdisp">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Infobox_settlement/link" title="Template:Infobox settlement/link">Template:Infobox settlement/link</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Infobox_settlement/link&action=edit" title="Template:Infobox settlement/link">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Infobox_settlement/metric" title="Template:Infobox settlement/metric">Template:Infobox settlement/metric</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Infobox_settlement/metric&action=edit" title="Template:Infobox settlement/metric">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Infobox_settlement/pref" title="Template:Infobox settlement/pref">Template:Infobox settlement/pref</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Infobox_settlement/pref&action=edit" title="Template:Infobox settlement/pref">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Infobox_settlement/styles.css" title="Template:Infobox settlement/styles.css">Template:Infobox settlement/styles.css</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Infobox_settlement/styles.css&action=edit" title="Template:Infobox settlement/styles.css">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Lang" title="Template:Lang">Template:Lang</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Lang&action=edit" title="Template:Lang">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Langx" title="Template:Langx">Template:Langx</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Langx&action=edit" title="Template:Langx">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Legend" title="Template:Legend">Template:Legend</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Legend&action=edit" title="Template:Legend">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Legend/styles.css" title="Template:Legend/styles.css">Template:Legend/styles.css</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Legend/styles.css&action=edit" title="Template:Legend/styles.css">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Main" title="Template:Main">Template:Main</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Main&action=edit" title="Template:Main">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Main_other" title="Template:Main other">Template:Main other</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Main_other&action=edit" title="Template:Main other">view source</a>) (protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Max" title="Template:Max">Template:Max</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Max&action=edit" title="Template:Max">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:More_citations_needed" title="Template:More citations needed">Template:More citations needed</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:More_citations_needed&action=edit" title="Template:More citations needed">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Navbox" title="Template:Navbox">Template:Navbox</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Navbox&action=edit" title="Template:Navbox">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Nbsp" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:Nbsp">Template:Nbsp</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Nbsp&action=edit" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:Nbsp">view source</a>) (protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Nowrap" title="Template:Nowrap">Template:Nowrap</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Nowrap&action=edit" title="Template:Nowrap">view source</a>) (protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Ns_has_subpages" title="Template:Ns has subpages">Template:Ns has subpages</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Ns_has_subpages&action=edit" title="Template:Ns has subpages">view source</a>) (protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Order_of_magnitude" title="Template:Order of magnitude">Template:Order of magnitude</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Order_of_magnitude&action=edit" title="Template:Order of magnitude">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Pagetype" title="Template:Pagetype">Template:Pagetype</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Pagetype&action=edit" title="Template:Pagetype">view source</a>) (protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Plainlist/styles.css" title="Template:Plainlist/styles.css">Template:Plainlist/styles.css</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Plainlist/styles.css&action=edit" title="Template:Plainlist/styles.css">view source</a>) (protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Pluralize_from_text" title="Template:Pluralize from text">Template:Pluralize from text</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Pluralize_from_text&action=edit" title="Template:Pluralize from text">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Polparty" title="Template:Polparty">Template:Polparty</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Polparty&action=edit" title="Template:Polparty">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Portal_bar" title="Template:Portal bar">Template:Portal bar</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Portal_bar&action=edit" title="Template:Portal bar">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Precision" title="Template:Precision">Template:Precision</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Precision&action=edit" title="Template:Precision">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Provinces_of_Spain" title="Template:Provinces of Spain">Template:Provinces of Spain</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Provinces_of_Spain&action=edit" title="Template:Provinces of Spain">edit</a>) </li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Reflist" title="Template:Reflist">Template:Reflist</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Reflist&action=edit" title="Template:Reflist">view source</a>) (protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Reflist/styles.css" title="Template:Reflist/styles.css">Template:Reflist/styles.css</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Reflist/styles.css&action=edit" title="Template:Reflist/styles.css">view source</a>) (protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Refn" title="Template:Refn">Template:Refn</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Refn&action=edit" title="Template:Refn">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Replace" title="Template:Replace">Template:Replace</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Replace&action=edit" title="Template:Replace">view source</a>) (protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Round" title="Template:Round">Template:Round</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Round&action=edit" title="Template:Round">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:SDcat" title="Template:SDcat">Template:SDcat</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:SDcat&action=edit" title="Template:SDcat">view source</a>) (protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:See_also" title="Template:See also">Template:See also</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:See_also&action=edit" title="Template:See also">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:SfnRef" title="Template:SfnRef">Template:SfnRef</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:SfnRef&action=edit" title="Template:SfnRef">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Sfnp" title="Template:Sfnp">Template:Sfnp</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Sfnp&action=edit" title="Template:Sfnp">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Short_description" title="Template:Short description">Template:Short description</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Short_description&action=edit" title="Template:Short description">view source</a>) (protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Short_description/lowercasecheck" title="Template:Short description/lowercasecheck">Template:Short description/lowercasecheck</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Short_description/lowercasecheck&action=edit" title="Template:Short description/lowercasecheck">view source</a>) (protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Side_box" title="Template:Side box">Template:Side box</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Side_box&action=edit" title="Template:Side box">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Sister_project" title="Template:Sister project">Template:Sister project</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Sister_project&action=edit" title="Template:Sister project">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Sister_project/styles.css" title="Template:Sister project/styles.css">Template:Sister project/styles.css</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Sister_project/styles.css&action=edit" title="Template:Sister project/styles.css">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Spaces" title="Template:Spaces">Template:Spaces</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Spaces&action=edit" title="Template:Spaces">view source</a>) (protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Spain_metadata_Wikidata" title="Template:Spain metadata Wikidata">Template:Spain metadata Wikidata</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Spain_metadata_Wikidata&action=edit" title="Template:Spain metadata Wikidata">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Template_other" title="Template:Template other">Template:Template other</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Template_other&action=edit" title="Template:Template other">view source</a>) (protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Tooltip" title="Template:Tooltip">Template:Tooltip</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Tooltip&action=edit" title="Template:Tooltip">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Tooltip/styles.css" title="Template:Tooltip/styles.css">Template:Tooltip/styles.css</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Tooltip/styles.css&action=edit" title="Template:Tooltip/styles.css">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Unreferenced" title="Template:Unreferenced">Template:Unreferenced</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Unreferenced&action=edit" title="Template:Unreferenced">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Unreferenced_section" title="Template:Unreferenced section">Template:Unreferenced section</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Unreferenced_section&action=edit" title="Template:Unreferenced section">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Use_dmy_dates" title="Template:Use dmy dates">Template:Use dmy dates</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Use_dmy_dates&action=edit" title="Template:Use dmy dates">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Webarchive" title="Template:Webarchive">Template:Webarchive</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Webarchive&action=edit" title="Template:Webarchive">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:When" title="Template:When">Template:When</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:When&action=edit" title="Template:When">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Wikidata" title="Template:Wikidata">Template:Wikidata</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Wikidata&action=edit" title="Template:Wikidata">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:WikidataCoord" title="Template:WikidataCoord">Template:WikidataCoord</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:WikidataCoord&action=edit" title="Template:WikidataCoord">view source</a>) (extended confirmed protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Yesno" title="Template:Yesno">Template:Yesno</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Yesno&action=edit" title="Template:Yesno">view source</a>) (protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Yesno-no" title="Template:Yesno-no">Template:Yesno-no</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Yesno-no&action=edit" title="Template:Yesno-no">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Yesno-yes" title="Template:Yesno-yes">Template:Yesno-yes</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Yesno-yes&action=edit" title="Template:Yesno-yes">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:About" title="Module:About">Module:About</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:About&action=edit" title="Module:About">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Arguments" title="Module:Arguments">Module:Arguments</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Arguments&action=edit" title="Module:Arguments">view source</a>) (protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Authority_control" title="Module:Authority control">Module:Authority control</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Authority_control&action=edit" title="Module:Authority control">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Authority_control/auxiliary" title="Module:Authority control/auxiliary">Module:Authority control/auxiliary</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Authority_control/auxiliary&action=edit" title="Module:Authority control/auxiliary">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Authority_control/config" title="Module:Authority control/config">Module:Authority control/config</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Authority_control/config&action=edit" title="Module:Authority control/config">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Catalog_lookup_link" title="Module:Catalog lookup link">Module:Catalog lookup link</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Catalog_lookup_link&action=edit" title="Module:Catalog lookup link">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Category_handler" title="Module:Category handler">Module:Category handler</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Category_handler&action=edit" title="Module:Category handler">view source</a>) (protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Category_handler/blacklist" title="Module:Category handler/blacklist">Module:Category handler/blacklist</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Category_handler/blacklist&action=edit" title="Module:Category handler/blacklist">view source</a>) (protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Category_handler/config" title="Module:Category handler/config">Module:Category handler/config</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Category_handler/config&action=edit" title="Module:Category handler/config">view source</a>) (protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Category_handler/data" title="Module:Category handler/data">Module:Category handler/data</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Category_handler/data&action=edit" title="Module:Category handler/data">view source</a>) (protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Category_handler/shared" title="Module:Category handler/shared">Module:Category handler/shared</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Category_handler/shared&action=edit" title="Module:Category handler/shared">view source</a>) (protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Check_for_clobbered_parameters" title="Module:Check for clobbered parameters">Module:Check for clobbered parameters</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Check_for_clobbered_parameters&action=edit" title="Module:Check for clobbered parameters">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Check_for_unknown_parameters" title="Module:Check for unknown parameters">Module:Check for unknown parameters</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Check_for_unknown_parameters&action=edit" title="Module:Check for unknown parameters">view source</a>) (protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Check_isxn" title="Module:Check isxn">Module:Check isxn</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Check_isxn&action=edit" title="Module:Check isxn">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Citation/CS1" title="Module:Citation/CS1">Module:Citation/CS1</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Citation/CS1&action=edit" title="Module:Citation/CS1">view source</a>) (protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Citation/CS1/COinS" title="Module:Citation/CS1/COinS">Module:Citation/CS1/COinS</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Citation/CS1/COinS&action=edit" title="Module:Citation/CS1/COinS">view source</a>) (protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration" title="Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration">Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration&action=edit" title="Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration">view source</a>) (protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Citation/CS1/Date_validation" title="Module:Citation/CS1/Date validation">Module:Citation/CS1/Date validation</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Citation/CS1/Date_validation&action=edit" title="Module:Citation/CS1/Date validation">view source</a>) (protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Citation/CS1/Identifiers" title="Module:Citation/CS1/Identifiers">Module:Citation/CS1/Identifiers</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Citation/CS1/Identifiers&action=edit" title="Module:Citation/CS1/Identifiers">view source</a>) (protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Citation/CS1/Utilities" title="Module:Citation/CS1/Utilities">Module:Citation/CS1/Utilities</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Citation/CS1/Utilities&action=edit" title="Module:Citation/CS1/Utilities">view source</a>) (protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Citation/CS1/Whitelist" title="Module:Citation/CS1/Whitelist">Module:Citation/CS1/Whitelist</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Citation/CS1/Whitelist&action=edit" title="Module:Citation/CS1/Whitelist">view source</a>) (protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css" title="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css">Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css&action=edit" title="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css">view source</a>) (protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Color_contrast" title="Module:Color contrast">Module:Color contrast</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Color_contrast&action=edit" title="Module:Color contrast">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Color_contrast/colors" title="Module:Color contrast/colors">Module:Color contrast/colors</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Color_contrast/colors&action=edit" title="Module:Color contrast/colors">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Convert" title="Module:Convert">Module:Convert</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Convert&action=edit" title="Module:Convert">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Convert/data" title="Module:Convert/data">Module:Convert/data</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Convert/data&action=edit" title="Module:Convert/data">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Convert/text" title="Module:Convert/text">Module:Convert/text</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Convert/text&action=edit" title="Module:Convert/text">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Coordinates" title="Module:Coordinates">Module:Coordinates</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Coordinates&action=edit" title="Module:Coordinates">view source</a>) (protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Coordinates/styles.css" title="Module:Coordinates/styles.css">Module:Coordinates/styles.css</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Coordinates/styles.css&action=edit" title="Module:Coordinates/styles.css">view source</a>) (protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:DecodeEncode" title="Module:DecodeEncode">Module:DecodeEncode</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:DecodeEncode&action=edit" title="Module:DecodeEncode">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Delink" title="Module:Delink">Module:Delink</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Delink&action=edit" title="Module:Delink">view source</a>) (protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Detect_singular" title="Module:Detect singular">Module:Detect singular</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Detect_singular&action=edit" title="Module:Detect singular">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Disambiguation/templates" title="Module:Disambiguation/templates">Module:Disambiguation/templates</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Disambiguation/templates&action=edit" title="Module:Disambiguation/templates">view source</a>) (protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:EditAtWikidata" title="Module:EditAtWikidata">Module:EditAtWikidata</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:EditAtWikidata&action=edit" title="Module:EditAtWikidata">view source</a>) (protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Exponential_search" title="Module:Exponential search">Module:Exponential search</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Exponential_search&action=edit" title="Module:Exponential search">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Find_sources" title="Module:Find sources">Module:Find sources</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Find_sources&action=edit" title="Module:Find sources">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Find_sources/config" title="Module:Find sources/config">Module:Find sources/config</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Find_sources/config&action=edit" title="Module:Find sources/config">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Find_sources/links" title="Module:Find sources/links">Module:Find sources/links</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Find_sources/links&action=edit" title="Module:Find sources/links">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Find_sources/templates/Find_sources_mainspace" title="Module:Find sources/templates/Find sources mainspace">Module:Find sources/templates/Find sources mainspace</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Find_sources/templates/Find_sources_mainspace&action=edit" title="Module:Find sources/templates/Find sources mainspace">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Footnotes" title="Module:Footnotes">Module:Footnotes</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Footnotes&action=edit" title="Module:Footnotes">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Footnotes/anchor_id_list" title="Module:Footnotes/anchor id list">Module:Footnotes/anchor id list</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Footnotes/anchor_id_list&action=edit" title="Module:Footnotes/anchor id list">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Footnotes/anchor_id_list/data" title="Module:Footnotes/anchor id list/data">Module:Footnotes/anchor id list/data</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Footnotes/anchor_id_list/data&action=edit" title="Module:Footnotes/anchor id list/data">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Footnotes/whitelist" title="Module:Footnotes/whitelist">Module:Footnotes/whitelist</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Footnotes/whitelist&action=edit" title="Module:Footnotes/whitelist">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Format_link" title="Module:Format link">Module:Format link</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Format_link&action=edit" title="Module:Format link">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Hatnote" title="Module:Hatnote">Module:Hatnote</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Hatnote&action=edit" title="Module:Hatnote">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Hatnote/styles.css" title="Module:Hatnote/styles.css">Module:Hatnote/styles.css</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Hatnote/styles.css&action=edit" title="Module:Hatnote/styles.css">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Hatnote_list" title="Module:Hatnote list">Module:Hatnote list</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Hatnote_list&action=edit" title="Module:Hatnote list">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Historical_populations" title="Module:Historical populations">Module:Historical populations</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Historical_populations&action=edit" title="Module:Historical populations">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Historical_populations/styles.css" title="Module:Historical populations/styles.css">Module:Historical populations/styles.css</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Historical_populations/styles.css&action=edit" title="Module:Historical populations/styles.css">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:IPA" title="Module:IPA">Module:IPA</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:IPA&action=edit" title="Module:IPA">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:IPA/data" title="Module:IPA/data">Module:IPA/data</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:IPA/data&action=edit" title="Module:IPA/data">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:IPA/styles.css" title="Module:IPA/styles.css">Module:IPA/styles.css</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:IPA/styles.css&action=edit" title="Module:IPA/styles.css">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:IPAc-en" title="Module:IPAc-en">Module:IPAc-en</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:IPAc-en&action=edit" title="Module:IPAc-en">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:IPAc-en/data" title="Module:IPAc-en/data">Module:IPAc-en/data</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:IPAc-en/data&action=edit" title="Module:IPAc-en/data">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:IPAc-en/phonemes" title="Module:IPAc-en/phonemes">Module:IPAc-en/phonemes</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:IPAc-en/phonemes&action=edit" title="Module:IPAc-en/phonemes">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:IPAc-en/pronunciation" title="Module:IPAc-en/pronunciation">Module:IPAc-en/pronunciation</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:IPAc-en/pronunciation&action=edit" title="Module:IPAc-en/pronunciation">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:ISO_3166" title="Module:ISO 3166">Module:ISO 3166</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:ISO_3166&action=edit" title="Module:ISO 3166">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:ISO_3166/data/National" title="Module:ISO 3166/data/National">Module:ISO 3166/data/National</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:ISO_3166/data/National&action=edit" title="Module:ISO 3166/data/National">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:If_empty" title="Module:If empty">Module:If empty</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:If_empty&action=edit" title="Module:If empty">view source</a>) (protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:In_lang" title="Module:In lang">Module:In lang</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:In_lang&action=edit" title="Module:In lang">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Infobox" title="Module:Infobox">Module:Infobox</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Infobox&action=edit" title="Module:Infobox">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Infobox/styles.css" title="Module:Infobox/styles.css">Module:Infobox/styles.css</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Infobox/styles.css&action=edit" title="Module:Infobox/styles.css">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:InfoboxImage" title="Module:InfoboxImage">Module:InfoboxImage</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:InfoboxImage&action=edit" title="Module:InfoboxImage">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Infobox_mapframe" title="Module:Infobox mapframe">Module:Infobox mapframe</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Infobox_mapframe&action=edit" title="Module:Infobox mapframe">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Labelled_list_hatnote" title="Module:Labelled list hatnote">Module:Labelled list hatnote</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Labelled_list_hatnote&action=edit" title="Module:Labelled list hatnote">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Lang" title="Module:Lang">Module:Lang</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Lang&action=edit" title="Module:Lang">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Lang/ISO_639_synonyms" title="Module:Lang/ISO 639 synonyms">Module:Lang/ISO 639 synonyms</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Lang/ISO_639_synonyms&action=edit" title="Module:Lang/ISO 639 synonyms">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Lang/data" title="Module:Lang/data">Module:Lang/data</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Lang/data&action=edit" title="Module:Lang/data">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Lang/data/iana_languages" title="Module:Lang/data/iana languages">Module:Lang/data/iana languages</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Lang/data/iana_languages&action=edit" title="Module:Lang/data/iana languages">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Lang/data/iana_regions" title="Module:Lang/data/iana regions">Module:Lang/data/iana regions</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Lang/data/iana_regions&action=edit" title="Module:Lang/data/iana regions">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Lang/data/iana_scripts" title="Module:Lang/data/iana scripts">Module:Lang/data/iana scripts</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Lang/data/iana_scripts&action=edit" title="Module:Lang/data/iana scripts">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Lang/data/iana_suppressed_scripts" title="Module:Lang/data/iana suppressed scripts">Module:Lang/data/iana suppressed scripts</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Lang/data/iana_suppressed_scripts&action=edit" title="Module:Lang/data/iana suppressed scripts">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Lang/data/iana_variants" title="Module:Lang/data/iana variants">Module:Lang/data/iana variants</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Lang/data/iana_variants&action=edit" title="Module:Lang/data/iana variants">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Lang/langx" title="Module:Lang/langx">Module:Lang/langx</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Lang/langx&action=edit" title="Module:Lang/langx">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Mapframe" title="Module:Mapframe">Module:Mapframe</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Mapframe&action=edit" title="Module:Mapframe">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Math" title="Module:Math">Module:Math</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Math&action=edit" title="Module:Math">view source</a>) (protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Message_box" title="Module:Message box">Module:Message box</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Message_box&action=edit" title="Module:Message box">view source</a>) (protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Message_box/ambox.css" title="Module:Message box/ambox.css">Module:Message box/ambox.css</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Message_box/ambox.css&action=edit" title="Module:Message box/ambox.css">view source</a>) (protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Message_box/configuration" title="Module:Message box/configuration">Module:Message box/configuration</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Message_box/configuration&action=edit" title="Module:Message box/configuration">view source</a>) (protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Namespace_detect/config" title="Module:Namespace detect/config">Module:Namespace detect/config</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Namespace_detect/config&action=edit" title="Module:Namespace detect/config">view source</a>) (protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Namespace_detect/data" title="Module:Namespace detect/data">Module:Namespace detect/data</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Namespace_detect/data&action=edit" title="Module:Namespace detect/data">view source</a>) (protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Navbar" title="Module:Navbar">Module:Navbar</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Navbar&action=edit" title="Module:Navbar">view source</a>) (protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Navbar/configuration" title="Module:Navbar/configuration">Module:Navbar/configuration</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Navbar/configuration&action=edit" title="Module:Navbar/configuration">view source</a>) (protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Navbar/styles.css" title="Module:Navbar/styles.css">Module:Navbar/styles.css</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Navbar/styles.css&action=edit" title="Module:Navbar/styles.css">view source</a>) (protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Navbox" title="Module:Navbox">Module:Navbox</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Navbox&action=edit" title="Module:Navbox">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Navbox/configuration" title="Module:Navbox/configuration">Module:Navbox/configuration</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Navbox/configuration&action=edit" title="Module:Navbox/configuration">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Navbox/styles.css" title="Module:Navbox/styles.css">Module:Navbox/styles.css</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Navbox/styles.css&action=edit" title="Module:Navbox/styles.css">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Ns_has_subpages" title="Module:Ns has subpages">Module:Ns has subpages</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Ns_has_subpages&action=edit" title="Module:Ns has subpages">view source</a>) (protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Pagetype" title="Module:Pagetype">Module:Pagetype</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Pagetype&action=edit" title="Module:Pagetype">view source</a>) (protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Pagetype/config" title="Module:Pagetype/config">Module:Pagetype/config</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Pagetype/config&action=edit" title="Module:Pagetype/config">view source</a>) (protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Pagetype/disambiguation" class="mw-redirect" title="Module:Pagetype/disambiguation">Module:Pagetype/disambiguation</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Pagetype/disambiguation&action=edit" class="mw-redirect" title="Module:Pagetype/disambiguation">view source</a>) (protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Pagetype/rfd" title="Module:Pagetype/rfd">Module:Pagetype/rfd</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Pagetype/rfd&action=edit" title="Module:Pagetype/rfd">view source</a>) (protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Pagetype/setindex" title="Module:Pagetype/setindex">Module:Pagetype/setindex</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Pagetype/setindex&action=edit" title="Module:Pagetype/setindex">view source</a>) (protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Pagetype/softredirect" title="Module:Pagetype/softredirect">Module:Pagetype/softredirect</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Pagetype/softredirect&action=edit" title="Module:Pagetype/softredirect">view source</a>) (protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Plain_text" title="Module:Plain text">Module:Plain text</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Plain_text&action=edit" title="Module:Plain text">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Portal" title="Module:Portal">Module:Portal</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Portal&action=edit" title="Module:Portal">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Portal/images/s" title="Module:Portal/images/s">Module:Portal/images/s</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Portal/images/s&action=edit" title="Module:Portal/images/s">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Portal_bar" title="Module:Portal bar">Module:Portal bar</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Portal_bar&action=edit" title="Module:Portal bar">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Portal_bar/styles.css" title="Module:Portal bar/styles.css">Module:Portal bar/styles.css</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Portal_bar/styles.css&action=edit" title="Module:Portal bar/styles.css">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:SDcat" title="Module:SDcat">Module:SDcat</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:SDcat&action=edit" title="Module:SDcat">view source</a>) (protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Separated_entries" title="Module:Separated entries">Module:Separated entries</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Separated_entries&action=edit" title="Module:Separated entries">view source</a>) (protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Settlement_short_description" title="Module:Settlement short description">Module:Settlement short description</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Settlement_short_description&action=edit" title="Module:Settlement short description">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Side_box" title="Module:Side box">Module:Side box</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Side_box&action=edit" title="Module:Side box">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Side_box/styles.css" title="Module:Side box/styles.css">Module:Side box/styles.css</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Side_box/styles.css&action=edit" title="Module:Side box/styles.css">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:String" title="Module:String">Module:String</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:String&action=edit" title="Module:String">view source</a>) (protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:TableTools" title="Module:TableTools">Module:TableTools</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:TableTools&action=edit" title="Module:TableTools">view source</a>) (protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Template_wrapper" title="Module:Template wrapper">Module:Template wrapper</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Template_wrapper&action=edit" title="Module:Template wrapper">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Text" title="Module:Text">Module:Text</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Text&action=edit" title="Module:Text">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Unicode_data" title="Module:Unicode data">Module:Unicode data</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Unicode_data&action=edit" title="Module:Unicode data">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Unicode_data/scripts" title="Module:Unicode data/scripts">Module:Unicode data/scripts</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Unicode_data/scripts&action=edit" title="Module:Unicode data/scripts">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Unsubst" title="Module:Unsubst">Module:Unsubst</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Unsubst&action=edit" title="Module:Unsubst">view source</a>) (protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Wd" title="Module:Wd">Module:Wd</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Wd&action=edit" title="Module:Wd">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Wd/i18n" title="Module:Wd/i18n">Module:Wd/i18n</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Wd/i18n&action=edit" title="Module:Wd/i18n">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Webarchive" title="Module:Webarchive">Module:Webarchive</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Webarchive&action=edit" title="Module:Webarchive">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Webarchive/data" title="Module:Webarchive/data">Module:Webarchive/data</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Webarchive/data&action=edit" title="Module:Webarchive/data">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:WikidataCoord" title="Module:WikidataCoord">Module:WikidataCoord</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:WikidataCoord&action=edit" title="Module:WikidataCoord">view source</a>) (extended confirmed protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:WikidataIB" title="Module:WikidataIB">Module:WikidataIB</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:WikidataIB&action=edit" title="Module:WikidataIB">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:WikidataIB/nolinks" title="Module:WikidataIB/nolinks">Module:WikidataIB/nolinks</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:WikidataIB/nolinks&action=edit" title="Module:WikidataIB/nolinks">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:WikidataIB/titleformats" title="Module:WikidataIB/titleformats">Module:WikidataIB/titleformats</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:WikidataIB/titleformats&action=edit" title="Module:WikidataIB/titleformats">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Wikitext_Parsing" title="Module:Wikitext Parsing">Module:Wikitext Parsing</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Wikitext_Parsing&action=edit" title="Module:Wikitext Parsing">view source</a>) (protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Yesno" title="Module:Yesno">Module:Yesno</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Yesno&action=edit" title="Module:Yesno">view source</a>) (protected)</li></ul></div><p id="mw-returnto">Return to <a href="/wiki/Cantabria" title="Cantabria">Cantabria</a>.</p> <noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cantabria">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cantabria</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks catlinks-allhidden" data-mw="interface"></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cantabria&action=edit&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-z58hw","wgBackendResponseTime":521,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.056","walltime":"0.072","ppvisitednodes":{"value":418,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":17740,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":6556,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":9,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":0,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":0,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":469,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":0,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 48.563 1 -total"," 99.74% 48.439 2 Template:Blocked_text"," 40.65% 19.739 2 Template:Replace"," 38.29% 18.596 1 Template:Colocationwebhost"," 34.68% 16.840 1 Template:Hidden"," 15.96% 7.750 1 Template:Tlx"," 13.11% 6.366 1 Template:Hidden_begin"," 2.54% 1.234 1 MediaWiki:Wikimedia-globalblocking-blockedtext-mistake"," 2.30% 1.116 1 Template:Hidden_end"," 2.03% 0.987 1 MediaWiki:Wikimedia-globalblocking-blockedtext-mistake-email-steward"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.011","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":1043249,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-z58hw","timestamp":"20241123214226","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> </body> </html>