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Abdominal obesity is associated with increased worsening renal function risk in patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction - PubMed

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Unique identifier: NCT00094302."><meta name="keywords" content="pmid:39251903, PMC11382427, doi:10.1186/s12872-024-04118-0, Multicenter Study, Randomized Controlled Trial, Quan Zhang, Shi Tai, Shenghua Zhou, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Biomarkers / blood, Body Mass Index*, Creatinine / blood, Disease Progression, Female, Glomerular Filtration Rate, Heart Failure* / diagnosis, Heart Failure* / epidemiology, Heart Failure* / physiopathology, Humans, Kidney* / physiopathology, Male, Middle Aged, Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonists* / therapeutic use, Obesity, Abdominal* / diagnosis, Obesity, Abdominal* / epidemiology, Obesity, Abdominal* / physiopathology, Prognosis, Risk Assessment, Risk Factors, Stroke Volume*, Time Factors, Ventricular Function, Left, Waist Circumference*, PubMed Abstract, NIH, NLM, NCBI, National Institutes of Health, National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, MEDLINE"><meta name="robots" content="index,nofollow,noarchive"><meta property="og:title" content="Abdominal obesity is associated with increased worsening renal function risk in patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction - PubMed"><meta property="og:url" content="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39251903/"><meta property="og:description" content="gov . 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class="collections-new" name="collections" value="new" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="collections" data-ga-label="collections_radio_new"> <label for="collections-action-panel-new">Create a new collection</label> </li> <li> <input type="radio" id="collections-action-panel-existing" class="collections-existing" name="collections" value="existing" checked="true" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="collections" data-ga-label="collections_radio_existing"> <label for="collections-action-panel-existing">Add to an existing collection</label> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="controls-wrapper"> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap new-collections-controls"> <label for="collections-action-panel-add-to-new" class="action-panel-label required-field-asterisk"> Name your collection: </label> <input type="text" name="add-to-new-collection" id="collections-action-panel-add-to-new" class="collections-action-add-to-new" pattern="[^&quot;&amp;=&lt;&gt;\/]*" title="The following characters are not allowed in the Name field: &quot;&amp;=&lt;&gt;/" maxlength="100" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="create_collection" data-ga-label="non_favorties_collection"> <div class="collections-new-name-too-long usa-input-error-message selection-validation-message"> Name must be less than 100 characters </div> </div> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap existing-collections-controls"> <label for="collections-action-panel-add-to-existing" class="action-panel-label"> Choose a collection: </label> <select id="collections-action-panel-add-to-existing" class="action-panel-selector collections-action-add-to-existing" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="select_collection" data-ga-label="($('#collections-action-add-to-existing').val() === 'Favorites') ? 'Favorites' : 'non_favorites_collection'"> </select> <div class="collections-retry-load-on-error usa-input-error-message selection-validation-message"> Unable to load your collection due to an error<br> <a href="#">Please try again</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="action-panel-actions"> <button class="action-panel-submit" type="submit" data-loading-label="Adding..." data-pinger-ignore data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="collections" data-ga-label="add"> Add </button> <button class="action-panel-cancel" aria-label="Close 'Add to Collections' panel" ref="linksrc=close_collections_panel" aria-controls="collections-action-panel" aria-expanded="false" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="collections" data-ga-label="cancel"> Cancel </button> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div id="bibliography-action-panel" class="bibliography-action-panel action-panel in-progress-dots-panel" aria-hidden="true" data-bibliography-open-panel-enabled="false" data-bibliography-open-panel-url-hash="#open-bibliography-panel"> <div class="inner-wrap"> <h3 class="action-panel-heading"> Add to My Bibliography </h3> <form id="bibliography-action-panel-form" class="bibliography-action-panel-form action-panel-content action-form action-panel-smaller-selectors" data-add-to-bibliography-max-amount="100" data-add-to-bibliography-batch-size="10" data-bibliography-delegates-url="/list-bibliography-delegates/" data-add-to-bibliography-url="/add-to-bibliography/" data-get-article-ids-by-search-url="/get-article-ids-by-search/" data-mybib-root-url="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/myncbi/collections/mybibliography/"> <input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="HwKGu5zg9sXVwXfO4uLkq3c8qZXG8hHU8f4LG4lHHXL1RGP4sRZ2t5jo4GtE2yTO"> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap bibliographies-controls"> <div class="choice-group"> <ul class="bibliographies-action-add radio-group-items"> <li> <input name="bibliography" id="my-bibliography" class="my-bibliography" type="radio" checked/> <label for="my-bibliography">My Bibliography</label> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="bibliographies-retry-load-on-error usa-input-error-message selection-validation-message"> Unable to load your delegates due to an error<br> <a href="#">Please try again</a> </div> <div class="action-panel-actions"> <button class="action-panel-submit" type="submit" data-loading-label="Adding..." data-pinger-ignore> Add </button> <button class="action-panel-cancel" aria-label="Close 'Add to bibliography' panel" ref="linksrc=close_bibliography_panel" aria-controls="bibliography-action-panel" aria-expanded="false" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="mybib" data-ga-label="cancel"> Cancel </button> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div id="saved-search-action-panel" class="saved-search-action-panel action-panel " aria-hidden="true" data-saved-search-open-panel-enabled="false" data-saved-search-open-panel-url-hash="#open-saved-search-panel"> <div class="inner-wrap"> <h2 class="action-panel-heading"> Your saved search </h2> <form id="saved-search-action-panel-form" class="saved-search-action-panel-form action-panel-content action-form" data-create-saved-search-url="/create-saved-search/" data-try-search-terms-url="/try-search-term/" data-saved-search-root-url="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/myncbi/searches/"> <input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="HwKGu5zg9sXVwXfO4uLkq3c8qZXG8hHU8f4LG4lHHXL1RGP4sRZ2t5jo4GtE2yTO"> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap"> <label for="saved-search-name" class="action-panel-label saved-search-name-label required-field-asterisk"> Name of saved search: </label> <input maxlength="200" type="text" name="saved-search-name" id="saved-search-name" class="saved-search-name" value="" required pattern="[^&quot;&amp;=&lt;&gt;\/]*" title="The following characters are not allowed in the Name field: &quot;&amp;=&lt;&gt;/"> </div> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap"> <label for="saved-search-term" class="action-panel-label required-field-asterisk"> Search terms: </label> <textarea name="saved-search-term" id="saved-search-term" class="saved-search-term" required></textarea> </div> <div class="test-search-term-wrap"> <a href="#" class="try-search-term">Test search terms</a> </div> <div class="choice-group action-panel-extra-margin-top"> <span class="action-panel-label" id="fieldset-label"> Would you like email updates of new search results? </span> <fieldset id="saved-search-alert" aria-describedby="fieldset-label"> <legend class="usa-sr-only">Saved Search Alert Radio Buttons</legend> <ul class="radio-group-items"> <li> <input type="radio" id="saved-search-alert-yes" class="saved-search-alert-yes" name="saved-search-alert" value="yes" checked> <label for="saved-search-alert-yes" class="action-panel-label">Yes</label> </li> <li> <input aria-label="No radio input" type="radio" id="saved-search-alert-no" class="saved-search-alert-no" name="saved-search-alert" value="no"> <label for="saved-search-alert-no" class="action-panel-label">No</label> </li> </ul> </fieldset> </div> <div class="alert-schedule-wrap"> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap"> <label class="action-panel-label"> Email: </label> <span aria-label="Email address" id="saved-search-email" class="action-panel-label"><span class="action-panel-label-bold"></span> (<a class="myncbi-account-settings" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/account/settings/">change</a>)</span> </div> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap action-panel-extra-margin-top"> <label for="saved-search-frequency" class="action-panel-label"> Frequency: </label> <select id="saved-search-frequency" class="no-border-panel-selector saved-search-frequency"> <option value="monthly">Monthly</option> <option value="weekly">Weekly</option> <option value="daily">Daily</option> </select> </div> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap saved-search-monthly-additional"> <label for="saved-search-monthly-on-day" class="action-panel-label"> Which day? </label> <select id="saved-search-monthly-on-day" class="no-border-panel-selector"> <option value="Sunday">The first Sunday</option> <option value="Monday">The first Monday</option> <option value="Tuesday">The first Tuesday</option> <option value="Wednesday">The first Wednesday</option> <option value="Thursday">The first Thursday</option> <option value="Friday">The first Friday</option> <option value="Saturday">The first Saturday</option> <option value="day">The first day</option> <option value="weekday">The first weekday</option> </select> </div> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap saved-search-weekly-additional"> <label for="saved-search-weekly-on-day" class="action-panel-label"> Which day? </label> <select id="saved-search-weekly-on-day" class="no-border-panel-selector saved-search-weekly-on-day"> <option value="Sunday">Sunday</option> <option value="Monday">Monday</option> <option value="Tuesday">Tuesday</option> <option value="Wednesday">Wednesday</option> <option value="Thursday">Thursday</option> <option value="Friday">Friday</option> <option value="Saturday">Saturday</option> </select> </div> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap"> <label for="saved-search-report" class="action-panel-label"> Report format: </label> <select id="saved-search-report" class="no-border-panel-selector saved-search-report"> <option value="DocSum">Summary</option> <option value="DocSumText">Summary (text)</option> <option value="Abstract">Abstract</option> <option value="AbstractText">Abstract (text)</option> <option value="MEDLINE">PubMed</option> </select> </div> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap"> <label for="saved-search-amount" class="action-panel-label"> Send at most: </label> <select id="saved-search-amount" class="no-border-panel-selector saved-search-amount"> <option value="1">1 item</option> <option value="5" selected>5 items</option> <option value="10">10 items</option> <option value="20">20 items</option> <option value="50">50 items</option> <option value="100">100 items</option> <option value="200">200 items</option> </select> </div> <div> <input type="checkbox" id="saved-search-send-if-no-result" class="saved-search-send-if-no-result" name="saved-search-send-if-no-result"> <label for="saved-search-send-if-no-result" class="action-panel-label smaller-checkbox"> Send even when there aren't any new results </label> </div> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap option-text-in-email-wrap"> <label for="saved-search-email-text" class="action-panel-label"> Optional text in email: </label> <textarea name="saved-search-email-text" id="saved-search-email-text" class="saved-search-email-text"></textarea> </div> </div> <div class="action-panel-actions"> <button class="action-panel-submit" type="submit" data-loading-label="Saving..." data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="alert" data-ga-label="save"> Save </button> <button class="action-panel-cancel" aria-label="Close 'Your saved search' panel" ref="linksrc=close_saved_search_panel" aria-controls="saved-search-action-panel" aria-expanded="false" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="alert" data-ga-label="cancel"> Cancel </button> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div id="citation-manager-action-panel" class="citation-manager-action-panel action-panel" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="inner-wrap"> <h2 class="action-panel-heading"> Create a file for external citation management software </h2> <form id="citation-manager-action-panel-form" class="action-panel-content action-form" action="/results-export-ids/" data-by-search-action="/results-export-search-data/" data-by-ids-action="/results-export-ids/" method="post" data-by-search-method="post" data-by-ids-method="post"> <input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="HwKGu5zg9sXVwXfO4uLkq3c8qZXG8hHU8f4LG4lHHXL1RGP4sRZ2t5jo4GtE2yTO"> <input name="results-format" type="hidden" value="pubmed"/> <div class="action-panel-actions"> <button class="action-panel-submit" type="submit" data-loading-label="Sending..." data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="citation_manager" data-ga-label="save"> Create file </button> <button class="action-panel-cancel" aria-label="Close 'Send citations to citation manager' panel" ref="linksrc=close_citation_manager_panel" aria-controls="citation-manager-action-panel" aria-expanded="false" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="citation_manager" data-ga-label="cancel"> Cancel </button> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div id="rss-action-panel" class="rss-action-panel action-panel " aria-hidden="true"> <div class="inner-wrap"> <h2 class="action-panel-heading"> Your RSS Feed </h2> <form id="rss-action-panel-form" class="rss-action-panel-form action-panel-content action-form" data-create-rss-feed-url="/create-rss-feed-url/" data-search-form-term-value=""> <input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="HwKGu5zg9sXVwXfO4uLkq3c8qZXG8hHU8f4LG4lHHXL1RGP4sRZ2t5jo4GtE2yTO"> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap"> <label for="rss-name" class="action-panel-label required-field-asterisk"> Name of RSS Feed: </label> <input maxlength="200" placeholder="Name" type="text" name="rss-name" id="rss-name" class="rss-name" value='' required pattern="[^&quot;&amp;=&lt;&gt;\/]*" title="The following characters are not allowed in the Name field: &quot;&amp;=&lt;&gt;/"> </div> <div class="rss-limit-wrap"> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap action-panel-extra-margin-top"> <label for="rss-limit" class="action-panel-label"> Number of items displayed: </label> <select id="rss-limit" class="no-border-panel-selector rss-limit"> <option value="5">5</option> <option value="10">10</option> <option value="15" selected="selected">15</option> <option value="20">20</option> <option value="50">50</option> <option value="100">100</option> </select> </div> </div> <div class="action-panel-actions"> <button class="action-panel-submit" type="submit" data-loading-label="Creating..." data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="alert" data-ga-label="save"> Create RSS </button> <button class="action-panel-cancel" aria-label="Close 'Your RSS' panel" ref="linksrc=close_rss_panel" aria-controls="rss-action-panel" aria-expanded="false" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="alert" data-ga-label="cancel"> Cancel </button> </div> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap rss-link-copy-wrap"> <label for="rss-link" class="usa-sr-only">RSS Link</label> <input placeholder="Your RSS Feed Link" type="text" name="rss-link" id="rss-link" class="rss-link" title="RSS Link"> <button type="button" disabled class="rss-link-copy-button disabled" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="rss" data-ga-label="copy"> Copy </button> </div> </form> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="article-page" id="article-page" data-article-pmid="39251903"> <aside class="page-sidebar"> <div class="inner-wrap"> <div class="full-text-links"> <div class="full-view"> <h3 class="title"> Full text links </h3> <div class="full-text-links-list"> <a 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class="action-panel-control-wrap new-collections-controls"><label for="collections-action-dialog-add-to-new" class="action-panel-label required-field-asterisk"> Name your collection: </label><input type="text" name="add-to-new-collection" id="collections-action-dialog-add-to-new" class="collections-action-add-to-new" pattern="[^&quot;&amp;=&lt;&gt;\/]*" title="The following characters are not allowed in the Name field: &quot;&amp;=&lt;&gt;/" maxlength="100" data-ga-category="collections_button" data-ga-action="create_collection" data-ga-label="non_favorties_collection"><div class="collections-new-name-too-long usa-input-error-message selection-validation-message"> Name must be less than 100 characters </div></div><div class="action-panel-control-wrap existing-collections-controls"><label for="collections-action-dialog-add-to-existing" class="action-panel-label"> Choose a collection: </label><select id="collections-action-dialog-add-to-existing" class="action-panel-selector collections-action-add-to-existing" data-ga-category="collections_button" data-ga-action="select_collection" data-ga-label="($('.collections-action-add-to-existing').val() === 'Favorites') ? 'Favorites' : 'non_favorites_collection'"></select><div class="collections-retry-load-on-error usa-input-error-message selection-validation-message"> Unable to load your collection due to an error<br><a href="#">Please try again</a></div></div></div><div class="action-panel-actions"><button class="action-panel-submit" type="submit" data-loading-label="Adding..." data-pinger-ignore data-ga-category="collections_button" data-ga-action="click" data-ga-label="add"> Add </button><button class="action-panel-cancel" aria-label="Close 'Add to Collections' panel" ref="linksrc=close_collections_panel" aria-controls="collections-action-panel" aria-expanded="false" data-ga-category="collections_button" data-ga-action="click" data-ga-label="cancel"> Cancel </button></div></form></div></div></div></div><button class="more-actions-button more-actions-dialog-trigger" title="Open dialog with more actions to take" ref="linksrc=more_actions_btn"></button><div class="display-options" 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class="comma">,&nbsp;</span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Tai+S&amp;cauthor_id=39251903" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Shi Tai">Shi Tai</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator">&nbsp;</span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China." href="#full-view-affiliation-1" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 1 </a></sup><span class="comma">,&nbsp;</span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Zhou+S&amp;cauthor_id=39251903" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Shenghua Zhou">Shenghua Zhou</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator">&nbsp;</span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China. zhoushenghua@csu.edu.cn." href="#full-view-affiliation-2" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 2 </a></sup></span> </div> </div> </div> <div class="short-article-details"> Affiliations <button class="more-details" id="toggle-authors" data-alt-text="Collapse" aria-controls="expanded-authors" aria-expanded="false" data-pinger-ignore data-fetch-url="/39251903/long-authors/" data-id-prefix=""> <span class="title"> Expand </span> </button> </div> <div class="extended-article-details" id="expanded-authors" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="expanded-authors" id="full-view-expanded-authors"> <div class="affiliations"> <h3 class="title"> Affiliations </h3> <ul class="item-list"> <li data-affiliation-id="full-view-affiliation-1" id="full-view-affiliation-1" ><sup class="key">1</sup> Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China.</li> <li 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class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Tai+S&amp;cauthor_id=39251903" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Shi Tai">Shi Tai</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator">&nbsp;</span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China." href="#short-view-affiliation-1" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 1 </a></sup><span class="comma">,&nbsp;</span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Zhou+S&amp;cauthor_id=39251903" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Shenghua Zhou">Shenghua Zhou</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator">&nbsp;</span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China. zhoushenghua@csu.edu.cn." href="#short-view-affiliation-2" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 2 </a></sup></span> </div> </div> <div class="affiliations"> <h3 class="title"> Affiliations </h3> <ul class="item-list"> <li data-affiliation-id="short-view-affiliation-1" id="short-view-affiliation-1" ><sup class="key">1</sup> Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China.</li> <li data-affiliation-id="short-view-affiliation-2" id="short-view-affiliation-2" ><sup class="key">2</sup> Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China. zhoushenghua@csu.edu.cn.</li> </ul> </div> </div> <ul class="identifiers" id="short-view-identifiers"> <li> <span class="identifier pubmed"> <span class="id-label"> PMID: </span> <strong class="current-id" title="PubMed ID">39251903</strong> </span> </li> <li> <span class="identifier pmc"> <span class="id-label"> PMCID: </span> <a class="id-link" target="_blank" rel="noopener" ref="linksrc=article_id_link&amp;article_id=PMC11382427&amp;id_type=PMC" href="https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11382427/" data-ga-category="full_text" data-ga-action="PMCID" > PMC11382427 </a> </span> </li> <li> <span class="identifier doi"> <span class="id-label"> DOI: </span> <a class="id-link" target="_blank" rel="noopener" ref="linksrc=article_id_link&amp;article_id=10.1186/s12872-024-04118-0&amp;id_type=DOI" href="https://doi.org/10.1186/s12872-024-04118-0" data-ga-category="full_text" data-ga-action="DOI" > 10.1186/s12872-024-04118-0 </a> </span> </li> </ul> <div class="in-clipboard-label " hidden> Item in Clipboard </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="actions-buttons inline"><div class="inner-wrap"><button class="full-text-links-button full-text-links-dialog-trigger" title="Open dialog with full text links" ref="linksrc=full_text_links"> Full text links </button><button class="citation-button citation-dialog-trigger" aria-label="Open dialog with citation text in different styles" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="cite" data-ga-label="open" data-all-citations-url="/39251903/citations/" data-citation-style="nlm" data-pubmed-format-link="/39251903/export/"><span class="button-label">Cite</span></button><button class="more-actions-button more-actions-dialog-trigger" title="Open dialog with more actions to take" ref="linksrc=more_actions_btn"></button><div class="display-options" data-format-key="format" data-default-format-value="abstract" data-current-format-value="abstract" role="region"><button class="trigger usa-button" title="Change format" data-ga-category="display_options" data-ga-action="display_options_dialog"><span class="button-label">Display options</span></button><div class="dropdown" hidden><div class="title"> Display options </div><div class="content"><div class="format-container"><span class="option-label"> Format </span><select name="format" data-initial-value="abstract" aria-label="Display format" id="inline-actions-display-format"><option value="abstract">Abstract</option><option value="pubmed">PubMed</option><option value="pmid">PMID</option></select></div></div></div></div></div></div> <div class="abstract" id="abstract"> <h2 class="title"> Abstract </h2> <div class="abstract-content selected" id="eng-abstract"> <p> <strong class="sub-title"> Background: </strong> Worsening renal function (WRF) is a frequent comorbidity of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). However, its relationship with abdominal obesity in terms of HFpEF remains unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the value of waist circumference (WC) and body mass index (BMI) in predicting WRF and examine the correlation between abdominal obesity and the risk of WRF in the HFpEF population. </p> <p> <strong class="sub-title"> Methods: </strong> Data were obtained from the Treatment of Preserved Cardiac Function Heart Failure with an Aldosterone Antagonist trial. Abdominal obesity was defined as WC ≥ 102 cm for men and ≥ 88 cm for women. WRF was defined as doubling of serum creatinine concentration from baseline. Restricted cubic splines and receiver operating characteristic curves were used to evaluate the value of WC and BMI in predicting WRF. Cumulative incidence curves and cox proportional-hazards models were used to compare patients with and without abdominal obesity. </p> <p> <strong class="sub-title"> Results: </strong> We included 2,806 patients with HFpEF in our study (abdominal obesity, n: 2,065). Although baseline creatinine concentrations did not differ, patients with abdominal obesity had higher concentrations during a median follow-up time of 40.9 months. Unlike BMI, WC exhibited a steady linear association with WRF and was a superior WRF predictor. Patients with abdominal obesity exhibited a higher risk of WRF after multivariable adjustment (hazard ratio: 1.632; 95% confidence interval: 1.015-2.621; P: 0.043). </p> <p> <strong class="sub-title"> Conclusions: </strong> Abdominal obesity is associated with an increased risk of WRF in the HFpEF population. </p> <p> <strong class="sub-title"> Trial registration: </strong> URL: https://beta. </p> <p> <strong class="sub-title"> Clinicaltrials: </strong> gov . Unique identifier: <a href="http://clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT00094302" title="See in ClinicalTrials.gov">NCT00094302</a>. </p> </div> <p> <strong class="sub-title"> Keywords: </strong> Abdominal obesity; Body fat distribution; Body mass index; HFpEF; Waist circumference; Worsening renal function. </p> </div> <p class="copyright" id="copyright"> © 2024. The Author(s). </p> <p class="disclaimer" id="disclaimer"> <a href="/disclaimer/" target="_blank" ga_category="literature_resources" ga_action="disclaimer_link" ga_label="under_abstract">PubMed Disclaimer</a> </p> <div class="conflict-of-interest" id="conflict-of-interest"> <h2 class="title"> Conflict of interest statement </h2> <div class="statement"> <p xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:p1="http://pubmed.gov/pub-one">The authors declare no competing interests.</p> </div> </div> <div class="figures" id="figures"> <h2 class="title"> Figures </h2> <div class="figures-list" id="slides-container" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageGallery"> <figure class="figure-item " itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="associatedMedia" data-slide-index="0" data-label-slug="fig-1"> <a class="figure-link" href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/3fbc/11382427/3d5118c9a4a4/12872_2024_4118_Fig1_HTML.jpg" itemprop="contentUrl" aria-describedby="figure-caption-0" role="button" data-image-width="669" data-image-height="470" data-image-alt="Fig. 1" data-pmc-id="PMC11382427" data-figure-id="Fig1"> <img class="figure-thumb" itemprop="thumbnail" id="article-image-0" src="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/3fbc/11382427/ff13ae2b0cca/12872_2024_4118_Fig1_HTML.gif" alt="Fig. 1" /> </a> <meta itemprop="width" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="669"> <meta itemprop="height" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="470"> <div class="figure-caption figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="caption" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="caption-wrap"> <strong class="figure-label"> <p> Fig. 1 </p> </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Serum creatinine concentration at the… </p></div> </div> </div> <div class="figure-caption-medium figure-caption-text" aria-hidden="true"> <strong class="figure-label"> <p> Fig. 1 </p> </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Serum creatinine concentration at the follow-up visits. During the entire follow-up period, serum… </p></div> </div> <figcaption id="figure-caption-0" class="figure-caption-full figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="description"> <strong class="figure-label"> Fig. 1 </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents">Serum creatinine concentration at the follow-up visits. During the entire follow-up period, serum creatinine concentration was lower in patients without abdominal obesity than that in those with abdominal obesity. Cr: creatinine</div> </figcaption> </figure> <figure class="figure-item " itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="associatedMedia" data-slide-index="1" data-label-slug="fig-2"> <a class="figure-link" href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/3fbc/11382427/9200e36d4d25/12872_2024_4118_Fig2_HTML.jpg" itemprop="contentUrl" aria-describedby="figure-caption-1" role="button" data-image-width="669" data-image-height="228" data-image-alt="Fig. 2" data-pmc-id="PMC11382427" data-figure-id="Fig2"> <img class="figure-thumb" itemprop="thumbnail" id="article-image-1" src="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/3fbc/11382427/cf627d318c54/12872_2024_4118_Fig2_HTML.gif" alt="Fig. 2" /> </a> <meta itemprop="width" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="669"> <meta itemprop="height" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="228"> <div class="figure-caption figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="caption" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="caption-wrap"> <strong class="figure-label"> <p> Fig. 2 </p> </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Cumulative incidence curves for worsening… </p></div> </div> </div> <div class="figure-caption-medium figure-caption-text" aria-hidden="true"> <strong class="figure-label"> <p> Fig. 2 </p> </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Cumulative incidence curves for worsening renal function. Abdominal obesity is associated with higher… </p></div> </div> <figcaption id="figure-caption-1" class="figure-caption-full figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="description"> <strong class="figure-label"> Fig. 2 </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents">Cumulative incidence curves for worsening renal function. Abdominal obesity is associated with higher risk of WRF in patients with HFpEF. Similar results were obtained when using an eGFR-based definition of WRF. eGFR: estimated glomerular filtration rate</div> </figcaption> </figure> <figure class="figure-item " itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="associatedMedia" data-slide-index="2" data-label-slug="fig-3"> <a class="figure-link" href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/3fbc/11382427/8c924df3f998/12872_2024_4118_Fig3_HTML.jpg" itemprop="contentUrl" aria-describedby="figure-caption-2" role="button" data-image-width="669" data-image-height="552" data-image-alt="Fig. 3" data-pmc-id="PMC11382427" data-figure-id="Fig3"> <img class="figure-thumb" itemprop="thumbnail" id="article-image-2" src="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/3fbc/11382427/4bf28bd8c627/12872_2024_4118_Fig3_HTML.gif" alt="Fig. 3" /> </a> <meta itemprop="width" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="669"> <meta itemprop="height" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="552"> <div class="figure-caption figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="caption" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="caption-wrap"> <strong class="figure-label"> <p> Fig. 3 </p> </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Subgroup analyses for worsening renal… </p></div> </div> </div> <div class="figure-caption-medium figure-caption-text" aria-hidden="true"> <strong class="figure-label"> <p> Fig. 3 </p> </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Subgroup analyses for worsening renal function. Abdominal obesity was associated with an increased… </p></div> </div> <figcaption id="figure-caption-2" class="figure-caption-full figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="description"> <strong class="figure-label"> Fig. 3 </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents">Subgroup analyses for worsening renal function. Abdominal obesity was associated with an increased risk of WRF in all subgroups, no interaction effects were discovered in all 8 subgroups. CI: confidence interval, eGFR: estimated glomerular filtration rate, NYHA: New York Heart Association</div> </figcaption> </figure> <figure class="figure-item " itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="associatedMedia" data-slide-index="3" data-label-slug="fig-4"> <a class="figure-link" href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/3fbc/11382427/e39e316420d3/12872_2024_4118_Fig4_HTML.jpg" itemprop="contentUrl" aria-describedby="figure-caption-3" role="button" data-image-width="669" data-image-height="502" data-image-alt="Fig. 4" data-pmc-id="PMC11382427" data-figure-id="Fig4"> <img class="figure-thumb" itemprop="thumbnail" id="article-image-3" src="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/3fbc/11382427/bee290b5b085/12872_2024_4118_Fig4_HTML.gif" alt="Fig. 4" /> </a> <meta itemprop="width" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="669"> <meta itemprop="height" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="502"> <div class="figure-caption figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="caption" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="caption-wrap"> <strong class="figure-label"> <p> Fig. 4 </p> </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Restricted cubic splines for the… </p></div> </div> </div> <div class="figure-caption-medium figure-caption-text" aria-hidden="true"> <strong class="figure-label"> <p> Fig. 4 </p> </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Restricted cubic splines for the relationship between BMI/WC and worsening renal function. Unlike… </p></div> </div> <figcaption id="figure-caption-3" class="figure-caption-full figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="description"> <strong class="figure-label"> Fig. 4 </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents">Restricted cubic splines for the relationship between BMI/WC and worsening renal function. Unlike BMI, WC shows a steady linear association with WRF in male and female patients. Full-adjusted model included age, gender, race, hypertension, diabetes, smoking, drinking per week, BMI, HR, SBP, LVEF, myocardial infarction history, angina pectoris history, COPD history, dyslipidemia history, eGFR, serum potassium, hemoglobin, glucose, use of ACEIs, ARBs, CCBs, diuretics, and statins. BMI: body mass index, CI: confidence interval, HR: hazard ratio, WC: waist circumference, WRF: worsening renal function</div> </figcaption> </figure> <figure class="figure-item " itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="associatedMedia" data-slide-index="4" data-label-slug="fig-5"> <a class="figure-link" href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/3fbc/11382427/7763d3c43384/12872_2024_4118_Fig6_HTML.jpg" itemprop="contentUrl" aria-describedby="figure-caption-4" role="button" data-image-width="669" data-image-height="504" data-image-alt="Fig. 5" data-pmc-id="PMC11382427" data-figure-id="Fig5"> <img class="figure-thumb" itemprop="thumbnail" id="article-image-4" src="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/3fbc/11382427/96b5acd8460e/12872_2024_4118_Fig6_HTML.gif" alt="Fig. 5" /> </a> <meta itemprop="width" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="669"> <meta itemprop="height" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="504"> <div class="figure-caption figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="caption" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="caption-wrap"> <strong class="figure-label"> <p> Fig. 5 </p> </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Receiver operating characteristic curves for… </p></div> </div> </div> <div class="figure-caption-medium figure-caption-text" aria-hidden="true"> <strong class="figure-label"> <p> Fig. 5 </p> </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Receiver operating characteristic curves for worsening renal function. WC was superior to BMI… </p></div> </div> <figcaption id="figure-caption-4" class="figure-caption-full figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="description"> <strong class="figure-label"> Fig. 5 </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents">Receiver operating characteristic curves for worsening renal function. WC was superior to BMI for prediction of WRF. BMI: body mass index, WC: waist circumference, WRF: worsening renal function. Other factors included age, gender, race, hypertension, diabetes, smoking, drinking per week, BMI, HR, SBP, LVEF, myocardial infarction history, angina pectoris history, COPD history, dyslipidemia history, eGFR, serum potassium, hemoglobin, glucose, use of ACEIs, ARBs, CCBs, diuretics, and statins</div> </figcaption> </figure> </div> <!-- Root element of PhotoSwipe. 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Eur Heart J. 2014;35:455–69. 10.1093/eurheartj/eht386 - <a class="reference-link" href="https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/eht386" ref="linksrc=references_link&amp;ordinalpos=1" data-ga-category="reference" data-ga-action="10.1093/eurheartj/eht386" > DOI </a> - <a class="reference-link" href="/24164864/" ref="linksrc=references_link&amp;ordinalpos=2" data-ga-category="reference" data-ga-action="24164864" > PubMed </a> </li> </ol> </li> </ol> <div class="actions-bar"> <button class="show-all" ref="linksrc=show_all_references_link" aria-controls="top-references-list-1" data-next-page-url="/39251903/references/" data-ga-category="reference" data-ga-action="show_more" > Show all 40 references </button> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="publication-types" class="publication-types keywords-section"> <h2 class="title"> Publication types </h2> <ul class="keywords-list"><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link" 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href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Multicenter+Study" data-ga-category="search_mesh" data-ga-action="pub_type_link" data-ga-label="Multicenter Study"> Search in MeSH </a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=add_to_search_link" role="button" data-search-term="&quot;Multicenter Study&quot;[pt]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="add_to_search" data-ga-label="&quot;Multicenter Study&quot;[pt]" href="#"> Add to Search </a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link" aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword Randomized Controlled Trial" tabindex="0" aria-controls="keyword-actions-publication-types-1" aria-expanded="false" data-pinger-ignore> Randomized Controlled Trial </button><div id="keyword-actions-publication-types-1" class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container" hidden aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Randomized Controlled Trial"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link" href="/?term=%22Randomized+Controlled+Trial%22%5Bpt%5D&amp;sort=date&amp;sort_order=desc" data-href="/?term=%22Randomized+Controlled+Trial%22%5Bpt%5D&amp;sort=date&amp;sort_order=desc" ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&amp;keyword=&quot;Randomized Controlled Trial&quot;[pt]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="pub_type" data-ga-label="Randomized Controlled Trial"> Search in PubMed </a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=search_in_mesh_link" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Randomized+Controlled+Trial" data-ga-category="search_mesh" data-ga-action="pub_type_link" data-ga-label="Randomized Controlled Trial"> Search in MeSH </a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=add_to_search_link" role="button" data-search-term="&quot;Randomized Controlled Trial&quot;[pt]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="add_to_search" data-ga-label="&quot;Randomized Controlled Trial&quot;[pt]" href="#"> Add to Search </a></li></ul></div></div></div></li></ul> </div> <div id="mesh-terms" class="mesh-terms keywords-section"> <h2 class="title"> MeSH terms </h2> <ul class="keywords-list"><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link" aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword Aged" tabindex="0" aria-controls="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-0" aria-expanded="false" data-pinger-ignore> Aged </button><div id="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-0" class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container" hidden aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Aged"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link" href="/?term=%22Aged%22%5BMeSH%5D&amp;sort=date&amp;sort_order=desc" data-href="/?term=%22Aged%22%5BMeSH%5D&amp;sort=date&amp;sort_order=desc" ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&amp;mesh=&quot;Aged&quot;[MeSH]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="mesh_term" data-ga-label="Aged"> Search in PubMed </a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=search_in_mesh_link" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Aged" data-ga-category="search_mesh" data-ga-action="mesh_term_link" data-ga-label="Aged"> Search in MeSH </a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=add_to_search_link" role="button" data-search-term="&quot;Aged&quot;[MeSH]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="add_to_search" data-ga-label="&quot;Aged&quot;[MeSH]" href="#"> Add to Search </a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link" aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword Aged, 80 and over" tabindex="0" aria-controls="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-1" aria-expanded="false" data-pinger-ignore> Aged, 80 and over </button><div id="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-1" class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container" hidden aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Aged, 80 and over"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link" href="/?term=%22Aged%2C+80+and+over%22%5BMeSH%5D&amp;sort=date&amp;sort_order=desc" data-href="/?term=%22Aged%2C+80+and+over%22%5BMeSH%5D&amp;sort=date&amp;sort_order=desc" ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&amp;mesh=&quot;Aged, 80 and over&quot;[MeSH]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="mesh_term" data-ga-label="Aged, 80 and over"> Search in PubMed </a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=search_in_mesh_link" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Aged%2C+80+and+over" data-ga-category="search_mesh" data-ga-action="mesh_term_link" data-ga-label="Aged, 80 and over"> Search in MeSH </a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=add_to_search_link" role="button" data-search-term="&quot;Aged, 80 and over&quot;[MeSH]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="add_to_search" data-ga-label="&quot;Aged, 80 and over&quot;[MeSH]" href="#"> Add to Search </a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link" aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword Biomarkers / blood" tabindex="0" aria-controls="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-2" aria-expanded="false" data-pinger-ignore> Biomarkers / blood </button><div id="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-2" class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container" hidden aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Biomarkers / blood"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link" href="/?term=%22Biomarkers%2Fblood%22%5BMeSH%5D&amp;sort=date&amp;sort_order=desc" data-href="/?term=%22Biomarkers%2Fblood%22%5BMeSH%5D&amp;sort=date&amp;sort_order=desc" ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&amp;mesh=&quot;Biomarkers/blood&quot;[MeSH]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="mesh_term" data-ga-label="Biomarkers / blood"> Search in PubMed </a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=search_in_mesh_link" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Biomarkers" data-ga-category="search_mesh" data-ga-action="mesh_term_link" data-ga-label="Biomarkers / blood"> Search in MeSH </a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=add_to_search_link" role="button" data-search-term="&quot;Biomarkers/blood&quot;[MeSH]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="add_to_search" data-ga-label="&quot;Biomarkers/blood&quot;[MeSH]" href="#"> Add to Search </a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link major" aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword Body Mass Index*" tabindex="0" aria-controls="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-major-3" aria-expanded="false" data-pinger-ignore> Body Mass Index* </button><div id="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-major-3" class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container" hidden aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Body Mass Index*"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link" href="/?term=%22Body+Mass+Index%22%5BMAJR%5D&amp;sort=date&amp;sort_order=desc" data-href="/?term=%22Body+Mass+Index%22%5BMAJR%5D&amp;sort=date&amp;sort_order=desc" ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&amp;mesh=&quot;Body Mass Index&quot;[MAJR]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="mesh_term" data-ga-label="Body Mass Index*"> Search in PubMed </a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=search_in_mesh_link" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Body+Mass+Index" data-ga-category="search_mesh" data-ga-action="mesh_term_link" data-ga-label="Body Mass Index*"> Search in MeSH </a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=add_to_search_link" role="button" data-search-term="&quot;Body Mass Index&quot;[MAJR]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="add_to_search" data-ga-label="&quot;Body Mass Index&quot;[MAJR]" href="#"> Add to Search </a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link" aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword Creatinine / blood" tabindex="0" aria-controls="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-4" aria-expanded="false" data-pinger-ignore> Creatinine / blood </button><div id="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-4" class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container" hidden aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Creatinine / blood"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link" href="/?term=%22Creatinine%2Fblood%22%5BMeSH%5D&amp;sort=date&amp;sort_order=desc" data-href="/?term=%22Creatinine%2Fblood%22%5BMeSH%5D&amp;sort=date&amp;sort_order=desc" ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&amp;mesh=&quot;Creatinine/blood&quot;[MeSH]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="mesh_term" data-ga-label="Creatinine / blood"> Search in PubMed </a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=search_in_mesh_link" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Creatinine" data-ga-category="search_mesh" data-ga-action="mesh_term_link" data-ga-label="Creatinine / blood"> Search in MeSH </a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=add_to_search_link" role="button" data-search-term="&quot;Creatinine/blood&quot;[MeSH]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="add_to_search" data-ga-label="&quot;Creatinine/blood&quot;[MeSH]" href="#"> Add to Search </a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link" aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword Disease Progression" tabindex="0" aria-controls="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-5" aria-expanded="false" data-pinger-ignore> Disease Progression </button><div id="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-5" class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container" hidden aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Disease Progression"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link" href="/?term=%22Disease+Progression%22%5BMeSH%5D&amp;sort=date&amp;sort_order=desc" data-href="/?term=%22Disease+Progression%22%5BMeSH%5D&amp;sort=date&amp;sort_order=desc" ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&amp;mesh=&quot;Disease Progression&quot;[MeSH]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="mesh_term" data-ga-label="Disease Progression"> Search in PubMed </a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=search_in_mesh_link" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Disease+Progression" data-ga-category="search_mesh" data-ga-action="mesh_term_link" data-ga-label="Disease Progression"> Search in MeSH </a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=add_to_search_link" role="button" data-search-term="&quot;Disease Progression&quot;[MeSH]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="add_to_search" data-ga-label="&quot;Disease Progression&quot;[MeSH]" href="#"> Add to Search </a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link" aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword Female" tabindex="0" aria-controls="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-6" aria-expanded="false" data-pinger-ignore> Female </button><div id="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-6" class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container" hidden aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Female"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link" href="/?term=%22Female%22%5BMeSH%5D&amp;sort=date&amp;sort_order=desc" data-href="/?term=%22Female%22%5BMeSH%5D&amp;sort=date&amp;sort_order=desc" ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&amp;mesh=&quot;Female&quot;[MeSH]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="mesh_term" data-ga-label="Female"> Search in PubMed </a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=search_in_mesh_link" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Female" data-ga-category="search_mesh" data-ga-action="mesh_term_link" data-ga-label="Female"> Search in MeSH </a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=add_to_search_link" role="button" data-search-term="&quot;Female&quot;[MeSH]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="add_to_search" data-ga-label="&quot;Female&quot;[MeSH]" href="#"> Add to Search </a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link" aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword Glomerular Filtration Rate" tabindex="0" aria-controls="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-7" aria-expanded="false" data-pinger-ignore> Glomerular Filtration Rate </button><div id="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-7" class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container" hidden aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Glomerular Filtration Rate"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link" href="/?term=%22Glomerular+Filtration+Rate%22%5BMeSH%5D&amp;sort=date&amp;sort_order=desc" data-href="/?term=%22Glomerular+Filtration+Rate%22%5BMeSH%5D&amp;sort=date&amp;sort_order=desc" ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&amp;mesh=&quot;Glomerular Filtration Rate&quot;[MeSH]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="mesh_term" data-ga-label="Glomerular Filtration Rate"> Search in PubMed </a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=search_in_mesh_link" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Glomerular+Filtration+Rate" data-ga-category="search_mesh" data-ga-action="mesh_term_link" data-ga-label="Glomerular Filtration Rate"> Search in MeSH </a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=add_to_search_link" role="button" data-search-term="&quot;Glomerular Filtration Rate&quot;[MeSH]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="add_to_search" data-ga-label="&quot;Glomerular Filtration Rate&quot;[MeSH]" href="#"> Add to Search </a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link major" aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword Heart Failure* / diagnosis" tabindex="0" aria-controls="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-major-8" aria-expanded="false" data-pinger-ignore> Heart Failure* / diagnosis </button><div id="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-major-8" class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container" hidden aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Heart Failure* / diagnosis"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link" href="/?term=%22Heart+Failure%2Fdiagnosis%22%5BMAJR%5D&amp;sort=date&amp;sort_order=desc" data-href="/?term=%22Heart+Failure%2Fdiagnosis%22%5BMAJR%5D&amp;sort=date&amp;sort_order=desc" ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&amp;mesh=&quot;Heart Failure/diagnosis&quot;[MAJR]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="mesh_term" data-ga-label="Heart Failure* / diagnosis"> Search in PubMed </a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=search_in_mesh_link" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Heart+Failure" data-ga-category="search_mesh" data-ga-action="mesh_term_link" data-ga-label="Heart Failure* / diagnosis"> Search in MeSH </a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=add_to_search_link" role="button" data-search-term="&quot;Heart Failure/diagnosis&quot;[MAJR]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="add_to_search" data-ga-label="&quot;Heart Failure/diagnosis&quot;[MAJR]" href="#"> Add to Search </a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link major" aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword Heart Failure* / epidemiology" tabindex="0" aria-controls="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-major-9" aria-expanded="false" data-pinger-ignore> Heart Failure* / epidemiology </button><div id="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-major-9" class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container" hidden aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Heart Failure* / epidemiology"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link" href="/?term=%22Heart+Failure%2Fepidemiology%22%5BMAJR%5D&amp;sort=date&amp;sort_order=desc" data-href="/?term=%22Heart+Failure%2Fepidemiology%22%5BMAJR%5D&amp;sort=date&amp;sort_order=desc" ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&amp;mesh=&quot;Heart Failure/epidemiology&quot;[MAJR]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="mesh_term" data-ga-label="Heart Failure* / epidemiology"> Search in PubMed </a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=search_in_mesh_link" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Heart+Failure" data-ga-category="search_mesh" data-ga-action="mesh_term_link" data-ga-label="Heart Failure* / epidemiology"> Search in MeSH </a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=add_to_search_link" role="button" data-search-term="&quot;Heart Failure/epidemiology&quot;[MAJR]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="add_to_search" data-ga-label="&quot;Heart Failure/epidemiology&quot;[MAJR]" href="#"> Add to Search </a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link major" aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword Heart Failure* / physiopathology" tabindex="0" aria-controls="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-major-10" aria-expanded="false" data-pinger-ignore> Heart Failure* / physiopathology </button><div id="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-major-10" class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container" hidden aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Heart Failure* / physiopathology"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link" href="/?term=%22Heart+Failure%2Fphysiopathology%22%5BMAJR%5D&amp;sort=date&amp;sort_order=desc" data-href="/?term=%22Heart+Failure%2Fphysiopathology%22%5BMAJR%5D&amp;sort=date&amp;sort_order=desc" ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&amp;mesh=&quot;Heart Failure/physiopathology&quot;[MAJR]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="mesh_term" data-ga-label="Heart Failure* / physiopathology"> Search in PubMed </a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=search_in_mesh_link" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Heart+Failure" data-ga-category="search_mesh" data-ga-action="mesh_term_link" data-ga-label="Heart Failure* / physiopathology"> Search in MeSH </a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=add_to_search_link" role="button" data-search-term="&quot;Heart Failure/physiopathology&quot;[MAJR]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="add_to_search" data-ga-label="&quot;Heart Failure/physiopathology&quot;[MAJR]" href="#"> Add to Search </a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link" aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword Humans" tabindex="0" aria-controls="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-11" aria-expanded="false" data-pinger-ignore> Humans </button><div id="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-11" class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container" hidden aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Humans"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link" href="/?term=%22Humans%22%5BMeSH%5D&amp;sort=date&amp;sort_order=desc" data-href="/?term=%22Humans%22%5BMeSH%5D&amp;sort=date&amp;sort_order=desc" ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&amp;mesh=&quot;Humans&quot;[MeSH]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="mesh_term" data-ga-label="Humans"> Search in PubMed </a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=search_in_mesh_link" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Humans" data-ga-category="search_mesh" data-ga-action="mesh_term_link" data-ga-label="Humans"> Search in MeSH </a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=add_to_search_link" role="button" data-search-term="&quot;Humans&quot;[MeSH]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="add_to_search" data-ga-label="&quot;Humans&quot;[MeSH]" href="#"> Add to Search </a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link major" aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword Kidney* / physiopathology" tabindex="0" aria-controls="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-major-12" aria-expanded="false" data-pinger-ignore> Kidney* / physiopathology </button><div id="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-major-12" class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container" hidden aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Kidney* / physiopathology"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link" href="/?term=%22Kidney%2Fphysiopathology%22%5BMAJR%5D&amp;sort=date&amp;sort_order=desc" data-href="/?term=%22Kidney%2Fphysiopathology%22%5BMAJR%5D&amp;sort=date&amp;sort_order=desc" ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&amp;mesh=&quot;Kidney/physiopathology&quot;[MAJR]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="mesh_term" data-ga-label="Kidney* / physiopathology"> Search in PubMed </a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=search_in_mesh_link" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Kidney" data-ga-category="search_mesh" data-ga-action="mesh_term_link" data-ga-label="Kidney* / physiopathology"> Search in MeSH </a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=add_to_search_link" role="button" data-search-term="&quot;Kidney/physiopathology&quot;[MAJR]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="add_to_search" data-ga-label="&quot;Kidney/physiopathology&quot;[MAJR]" href="#"> Add to Search </a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link" aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword Male" tabindex="0" aria-controls="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-13" aria-expanded="false" data-pinger-ignore> Male </button><div id="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-13" class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container" hidden aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Male"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link" href="/?term=%22Male%22%5BMeSH%5D&amp;sort=date&amp;sort_order=desc" data-href="/?term=%22Male%22%5BMeSH%5D&amp;sort=date&amp;sort_order=desc" ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&amp;mesh=&quot;Male&quot;[MeSH]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="mesh_term" data-ga-label="Male"> Search in PubMed </a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=search_in_mesh_link" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Male" data-ga-category="search_mesh" data-ga-action="mesh_term_link" data-ga-label="Male"> Search in MeSH </a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=add_to_search_link" role="button" data-search-term="&quot;Male&quot;[MeSH]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="add_to_search" data-ga-label="&quot;Male&quot;[MeSH]" href="#"> Add to Search </a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link" aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword Middle Aged" tabindex="0" aria-controls="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-14" aria-expanded="false" data-pinger-ignore> Middle Aged </button><div id="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-14" class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container" hidden aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Middle Aged"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link" href="/?term=%22Middle+Aged%22%5BMeSH%5D&amp;sort=date&amp;sort_order=desc" data-href="/?term=%22Middle+Aged%22%5BMeSH%5D&amp;sort=date&amp;sort_order=desc" ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&amp;mesh=&quot;Middle Aged&quot;[MeSH]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="mesh_term" data-ga-label="Middle Aged"> Search in PubMed </a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=search_in_mesh_link" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Middle+Aged" data-ga-category="search_mesh" data-ga-action="mesh_term_link" data-ga-label="Middle Aged"> Search in MeSH </a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=add_to_search_link" role="button" data-search-term="&quot;Middle Aged&quot;[MeSH]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="add_to_search" data-ga-label="&quot;Middle Aged&quot;[MeSH]" href="#"> Add to Search </a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link major" aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonists* / therapeutic use" tabindex="0" aria-controls="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-major-15" aria-expanded="false" data-pinger-ignore> Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonists* / therapeutic use </button><div id="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-major-15" class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container" hidden aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonists* / therapeutic use"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link" href="/?term=%22Mineralocorticoid+Receptor+Antagonists%2Ftherapeutic+use%22%5BMAJR%5D&amp;sort=date&amp;sort_order=desc" data-href="/?term=%22Mineralocorticoid+Receptor+Antagonists%2Ftherapeutic+use%22%5BMAJR%5D&amp;sort=date&amp;sort_order=desc" ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&amp;mesh=&quot;Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonists/therapeutic use&quot;[MAJR]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="mesh_term" data-ga-label="Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonists* / therapeutic use"> Search in PubMed </a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=search_in_mesh_link" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Mineralocorticoid+Receptor+Antagonists" data-ga-category="search_mesh" data-ga-action="mesh_term_link" data-ga-label="Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonists* / therapeutic use"> Search in MeSH </a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=add_to_search_link" role="button" data-search-term="&quot;Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonists/therapeutic use&quot;[MAJR]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="add_to_search" data-ga-label="&quot;Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonists/therapeutic use&quot;[MAJR]" href="#"> Add to Search </a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link major" aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword Obesity, Abdominal* / diagnosis" tabindex="0" aria-controls="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-major-16" aria-expanded="false" data-pinger-ignore> Obesity, Abdominal* / diagnosis </button><div id="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-major-16" class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container" hidden aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Obesity, Abdominal* / diagnosis"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link" href="/?term=%22Obesity%2C+Abdominal%2Fdiagnosis%22%5BMAJR%5D&amp;sort=date&amp;sort_order=desc" data-href="/?term=%22Obesity%2C+Abdominal%2Fdiagnosis%22%5BMAJR%5D&amp;sort=date&amp;sort_order=desc" ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&amp;mesh=&quot;Obesity, Abdominal/diagnosis&quot;[MAJR]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="mesh_term" data-ga-label="Obesity, Abdominal* / diagnosis"> Search in PubMed </a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=search_in_mesh_link" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Obesity%2C+Abdominal" data-ga-category="search_mesh" data-ga-action="mesh_term_link" data-ga-label="Obesity, Abdominal* / diagnosis"> Search in MeSH </a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=add_to_search_link" role="button" data-search-term="&quot;Obesity, Abdominal/diagnosis&quot;[MAJR]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="add_to_search" data-ga-label="&quot;Obesity, Abdominal/diagnosis&quot;[MAJR]" href="#"> Add to Search </a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link major" aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword Obesity, Abdominal* / epidemiology" tabindex="0" aria-controls="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-major-17" aria-expanded="false" data-pinger-ignore> Obesity, Abdominal* / epidemiology </button><div id="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-major-17" class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container" hidden aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Obesity, Abdominal* / epidemiology"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link" href="/?term=%22Obesity%2C+Abdominal%2Fepidemiology%22%5BMAJR%5D&amp;sort=date&amp;sort_order=desc" data-href="/?term=%22Obesity%2C+Abdominal%2Fepidemiology%22%5BMAJR%5D&amp;sort=date&amp;sort_order=desc" ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&amp;mesh=&quot;Obesity, Abdominal/epidemiology&quot;[MAJR]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="mesh_term" data-ga-label="Obesity, Abdominal* / epidemiology"> Search in PubMed </a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=search_in_mesh_link" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Obesity%2C+Abdominal" data-ga-category="search_mesh" data-ga-action="mesh_term_link" data-ga-label="Obesity, Abdominal* / epidemiology"> Search in MeSH </a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=add_to_search_link" role="button" data-search-term="&quot;Obesity, Abdominal/epidemiology&quot;[MAJR]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="add_to_search" data-ga-label="&quot;Obesity, Abdominal/epidemiology&quot;[MAJR]" href="#"> Add to Search </a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link major" aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword Obesity, Abdominal* / physiopathology" tabindex="0" aria-controls="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-major-18" aria-expanded="false" data-pinger-ignore> Obesity, Abdominal* / physiopathology </button><div id="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-major-18" class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container" hidden aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Obesity, Abdominal* / physiopathology"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link" href="/?term=%22Obesity%2C+Abdominal%2Fphysiopathology%22%5BMAJR%5D&amp;sort=date&amp;sort_order=desc" data-href="/?term=%22Obesity%2C+Abdominal%2Fphysiopathology%22%5BMAJR%5D&amp;sort=date&amp;sort_order=desc" ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&amp;mesh=&quot;Obesity, Abdominal/physiopathology&quot;[MAJR]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="mesh_term" data-ga-label="Obesity, Abdominal* / physiopathology"> Search in PubMed </a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=search_in_mesh_link" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Obesity%2C+Abdominal" data-ga-category="search_mesh" data-ga-action="mesh_term_link" data-ga-label="Obesity, Abdominal* / physiopathology"> Search in MeSH </a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=add_to_search_link" role="button" data-search-term="&quot;Obesity, Abdominal/physiopathology&quot;[MAJR]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="add_to_search" data-ga-label="&quot;Obesity, Abdominal/physiopathology&quot;[MAJR]" href="#"> Add to Search </a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link" aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword Prognosis" tabindex="0" aria-controls="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-19" aria-expanded="false" data-pinger-ignore> Prognosis </button><div id="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-19" class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container" hidden aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Prognosis"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link" href="/?term=%22Prognosis%22%5BMeSH%5D&amp;sort=date&amp;sort_order=desc" data-href="/?term=%22Prognosis%22%5BMeSH%5D&amp;sort=date&amp;sort_order=desc" ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&amp;mesh=&quot;Prognosis&quot;[MeSH]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="mesh_term" data-ga-label="Prognosis"> Search in PubMed </a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=search_in_mesh_link" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Prognosis" 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class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link" href="/?term=%22Risk+Assessment%22%5BMeSH%5D&amp;sort=date&amp;sort_order=desc" data-href="/?term=%22Risk+Assessment%22%5BMeSH%5D&amp;sort=date&amp;sort_order=desc" ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&amp;mesh=&quot;Risk Assessment&quot;[MeSH]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="mesh_term" data-ga-label="Risk Assessment"> Search in PubMed </a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=search_in_mesh_link" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Risk+Assessment" data-ga-category="search_mesh" data-ga-action="mesh_term_link" data-ga-label="Risk Assessment"> Search in MeSH </a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=add_to_search_link" role="button" data-search-term="&quot;Risk Assessment&quot;[MeSH]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="add_to_search" data-ga-label="&quot;Risk Assessment&quot;[MeSH]" href="#"> Add to Search </a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link" aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword Risk Factors" tabindex="0" aria-controls="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-21" aria-expanded="false" data-pinger-ignore> Risk Factors </button><div id="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-21" class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container" hidden aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Risk Factors"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link" href="/?term=%22Risk+Factors%22%5BMeSH%5D&amp;sort=date&amp;sort_order=desc" data-href="/?term=%22Risk+Factors%22%5BMeSH%5D&amp;sort=date&amp;sort_order=desc" ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&amp;mesh=&quot;Risk Factors&quot;[MeSH]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="mesh_term" data-ga-label="Risk Factors"> Search in PubMed </a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=search_in_mesh_link" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Risk+Factors" data-ga-category="search_mesh" data-ga-action="mesh_term_link" data-ga-label="Risk Factors"> Search in MeSH </a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=add_to_search_link" role="button" data-search-term="&quot;Risk Factors&quot;[MeSH]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="add_to_search" data-ga-label="&quot;Risk Factors&quot;[MeSH]" href="#"> Add to Search </a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link major" aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword Stroke Volume*" tabindex="0" aria-controls="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-major-22" aria-expanded="false" data-pinger-ignore> Stroke Volume* </button><div id="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-major-22" class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container" hidden aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Stroke Volume*"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link" href="/?term=%22Stroke+Volume%22%5BMAJR%5D&amp;sort=date&amp;sort_order=desc" data-href="/?term=%22Stroke+Volume%22%5BMAJR%5D&amp;sort=date&amp;sort_order=desc" ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&amp;mesh=&quot;Stroke Volume&quot;[MAJR]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="mesh_term" data-ga-label="Stroke Volume*"> Search in PubMed </a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=search_in_mesh_link" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Stroke+Volume" data-ga-category="search_mesh" data-ga-action="mesh_term_link" data-ga-label="Stroke Volume*"> Search in MeSH </a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=add_to_search_link" role="button" data-search-term="&quot;Stroke Volume&quot;[MAJR]" data-ga-category="search" 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data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="mesh_term" data-ga-label="Time Factors"> Search in PubMed </a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=search_in_mesh_link" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Time+Factors" data-ga-category="search_mesh" data-ga-action="mesh_term_link" data-ga-label="Time Factors"> Search in MeSH </a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=add_to_search_link" role="button" data-search-term="&quot;Time Factors&quot;[MeSH]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="add_to_search" data-ga-label="&quot;Time Factors&quot;[MeSH]" href="#"> Add to Search </a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link" aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword Ventricular Function, Left" tabindex="0" aria-controls="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-24" aria-expanded="false" data-pinger-ignore> Ventricular Function, Left </button><div id="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-24" class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container" hidden aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Ventricular Function, Left"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link" href="/?term=%22Ventricular+Function%2C+Left%22%5BMeSH%5D&amp;sort=date&amp;sort_order=desc" data-href="/?term=%22Ventricular+Function%2C+Left%22%5BMeSH%5D&amp;sort=date&amp;sort_order=desc" ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&amp;mesh=&quot;Ventricular Function, Left&quot;[MeSH]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="mesh_term" data-ga-label="Ventricular Function, Left"> Search in PubMed </a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=search_in_mesh_link" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Ventricular+Function%2C+Left" data-ga-category="search_mesh" data-ga-action="mesh_term_link" data-ga-label="Ventricular Function, Left"> Search in MeSH </a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=add_to_search_link" role="button" data-search-term="&quot;Ventricular Function, Left&quot;[MeSH]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="add_to_search" data-ga-label="&quot;Ventricular Function, Left&quot;[MeSH]" href="#"> Add to Search </a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link major" aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword Waist Circumference*" tabindex="0" aria-controls="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-major-25" aria-expanded="false" data-pinger-ignore> Waist Circumference* </button><div id="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-major-25" class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container" hidden aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Waist Circumference*"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link" href="/?term=%22Waist+Circumference%22%5BMAJR%5D&amp;sort=date&amp;sort_order=desc" data-href="/?term=%22Waist+Circumference%22%5BMAJR%5D&amp;sort=date&amp;sort_order=desc" ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&amp;mesh=&quot;Waist Circumference&quot;[MAJR]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="mesh_term" data-ga-label="Waist Circumference*"> Search in PubMed </a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=search_in_mesh_link" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Waist+Circumference" data-ga-category="search_mesh" data-ga-action="mesh_term_link" data-ga-label="Waist Circumference*"> Search in MeSH </a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=add_to_search_link" role="button" data-search-term="&quot;Waist Circumference&quot;[MAJR]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="add_to_search" data-ga-label="&quot;Waist Circumference&quot;[MAJR]" href="#"> Add to Search </a></li></ul></div></div></div></li></ul> </div> <div id="substances" class="substances keywords-section"> <h2 class="title"> Substances </h2> <ul class="keywords-list"><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link" aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonists" tabindex="0" aria-controls="keyword-actions-substances-0" aria-expanded="false" data-pinger-ignore> Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonists </button><div id="keyword-actions-substances-0" class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container" hidden aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonists"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link" href="/?term=%22Mineralocorticoid+Receptor+Antagonists%22%5Bnm%5D&amp;sort=date&amp;sort_order=desc" 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Search </a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link" aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword Creatinine" tabindex="0" aria-controls="keyword-actions-substances-1" aria-expanded="false" data-pinger-ignore> Creatinine </button><div id="keyword-actions-substances-1" class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container" hidden aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Creatinine"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link" href="/?term=%22Creatinine%22%5Bnm%5D&amp;sort=date&amp;sort_order=desc" data-href="/?term=%22Creatinine%22%5Bnm%5D&amp;sort=date&amp;sort_order=desc" ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&amp;keyword=&quot;Creatinine&quot;[nm]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="substance" data-ga-label="Creatinine"> Search in PubMed </a></li><li><a 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Biomarkers"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link" href="/?term=%22Biomarkers%22%5Bnm%5D&amp;sort=date&amp;sort_order=desc" data-href="/?term=%22Biomarkers%22%5Bnm%5D&amp;sort=date&amp;sort_order=desc" ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&amp;keyword=&quot;Biomarkers&quot;[nm]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="substance" data-ga-label="Biomarkers"> Search in PubMed </a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=search_in_mesh_link" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=%22Biomarkers%22" data-ga-category="search_mesh" data-ga-action="substance_link" data-ga-label="Biomarkers"> Search in MeSH </a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=add_to_search_link" role="button" data-search-term="&quot;Biomarkers&quot;[nm]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="add_to_search" 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