CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '914d35977e894dab',cH: '8spWPfk0PwvSlPnuH3j9J73Q.yttZNOm7ID3BKLKrb0-1740041009-1.2.1.1-AVTovacoDCYLGrxnEjv_OMevOxJ32eaMYlQJDLZpYaWkShhNBYHlsVGUAMBTe_W8',cUPMDTk: "\/10001852\/ris?__cf_chl_tk=JuXeXq_3MiTCFtgR9RXnj5OvswnP.Jg7NBJFX_UwNqc-1740041009-1.0.1.1-YtI4VWF5TlPJziCnZkVHCKWxXHgIK3D8nEKa9H2hkGc",cFPWv: 'g',cITimeS: '1740041009',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "unsupported-browser",fa: "\/10001852\/ris?__cf_chl_f_tk=JuXeXq_3MiTCFtgR9RXnj5OvswnP.Jg7NBJFX_UwNqc-1740041009-1.0.1.1-YtI4VWF5TlPJziCnZkVHCKWxXHgIK3D8nEKa9H2hkGc",md: "qD8RXdfDdjPaUq5HCN2SL8hym17MIsaD7z0HdBFEEO4-1740041009-1.2.1.1-V.DP6Amjjj7bzvlJZwarEOfr1gDQZ9elbVbDjVAnGfevTqBpDaacTy6ArMAXsvGth75sOoxVIOr.009qIPqlJqqXwLhBnNUt0FgcZZBAh3zAgTZPwoACK7L7K.zJIODtqagbsnKPHFYDelPszA8rpqVJm0K0FMdZNjrMT_m4hhU7x4PmVwytFTuA6xIbylGQYw00W4sREFwd6awtcXtqgqrY3toSoY7dhww36peai1k6.0yBDa.dyYBdmQ2yJXRCi3wJ4eTcn0jCsmBJ6aFwSg0zmDWMdbgKWLMW7jvLguMH4ZusiptRCfqLl372z1bspdmoAeI97Q3MeSXAsfgzPPLhstNquIrGspBY2zCtEqx8v3A8n83tZJgQWok01WzT7Xkpk80oSdoG_ZePAAyNdC0jYWQA1VqOqoLxO9Jaq0n_zb.5YakH0d_MGfN3qkQBduspS8qEEAv9plQMYVuU83C8EwHuECS4_ZQqFUJM1Y8rBxBfWNQU9OvInkoXCrIf0fPo2bs_.0QbnzaU6f9Qkz6pAaoIZxCKoQsn.mPUyjuOKQivrqRbL3oaIjbAHILwUMwcbITQgEtODKYIGBt_t.VFS4hD93BDgwhEaNHfa8dX7v7nIoN6PIXuFZlv2I55D1X1HAOwW_t70L69J.0Nh7APRuiRsCNSFCEDgHGDQkfuik49aE4_7iBbqePspf5AhgqpJsMuTHQJvIoNjhzq.87z_M3mtzH4A_eUuc0RFAYknv6_HshWxw5uXRlLEDr.GL7Z6553RFcyHERCGTvAIhJzqkWsb9l4kfC3OQekSZXEG4bKYLovlflTmw2yEELsFpXLLra_aLSikFvnQuXUuYAMb8hD9iqh7tGwVjNCJnKd0wgPPuIh32JxYdc_NoQVblV6fKGMmfMlIxQl7Pw9s083fofgG0XjKGep6Rzdfw6EJJluGt9h.AaS2U17ozQN4ARclDkTbVg5mDX1jjT.nlmkMVNoQti_eaiYstbiBhbFH4WIX816_RxEyJM89x8.Y6wQvNW6MKMZ8EWsKFvuNCarnZYhZyiep4OVjNxuewf9Vfjx7gKjKCcl0IoZCjNHnDzkc9if1GU4hRm7YlIw3iyH5_wiHY0XiTIcMvurF2Wr3S6MaI6V3NzWhnY1Sfan4eLkpHrISq6wHu1FZ0t23r3lUNkmlkp3NhXqkSDJGFqUQl57zYuHYxhF0BQaIFvxbSZa6PEdfMTRKCK8ngr_JVd5AGon0N_d5jWHzkRt0rgX4Yc5xQaJbopJ52Tyr0fRn3bIad_o5lWhmsOF_7zDwJkFfXnyucAd1GR_miadjAA0ca_SnwwyURDj4LcEzJjdu9s0eP8J7FoyGW12EVgpwLn7ueuYDd11fr4mOzQBgLl7U04_nWO9RJwbN1OY3mdCQBlepKybCwyID.4CpK5KIbDqlBikgmgWYFvYSrk_cgZLGopHaAntwmO_7aCYMwNT4d7ZeSExN7kD6rgVz4VpxQuHDkxsmd1LYfwcHg7V2RNdm3IOcUBCjomLrt8K05ASijnYONz_CMCoG1J6JGxpvDCSpze9bn0yKKaMLhM27qqJQZ8xP38_w.a5P8ifTfXfihOU2KHowPJoTiU3QAYWE1RBVrUkgIFaGszRTvOLjWrE_LY9hlrozgWTeX6Eok2t3_MnFAKn9rGVQH8sg8F49MKD2v2RBNl8XHm0m.8mYVNBIblc3mEiKzlh6_jHYxe_51mGGW9sJ71.NiTBElRfHKmUbbIQTQBoy87PZVpCYvc97YHawof5for_RnCjI_0twObBjDZOchgRvhPw82FI58EPNGisf6qHQdlX0ZJOWHXGm_ljluO7XzoecCN4DEVX3B48XjYDznfvfZCwLTe7fptp2FU90noVfdvDtQpoPq4",mdrd: "HLIBgPtCd2NkL0ClzjfytQZcI52yRZFJzalaCC0UfoQ-1740041009-1.2.1.1-PJrbfF.42UYj26ojj1AceIqxyrxyqKswkQDKwXLqtfHOYHqujSaxbNF76jnhip8kdgAoyBCVoQRfhxZCosImL0EQsL7jA.eWa7rbiThHadVeEbv.N3HdU7UJzEol4yQoRqeMzFhHV.33Eawm4o31AMZQ6RlUavQstOVj8ekhum0i..4f.x2x9IohxwOSqjhVcMUQC9WmUQ2InDlN1p120mhyxFKaJzCsQdXme54F1miN6dJF9eQ1Pc9ki.soqPuaJOfxTsvZJ0kAqCM8dEBhNQ5dAxCRl4B6tb190mTw9xsKCzky5upAOsHPYMtAd4Xg.W0kFqLwnQcaGSkYPzS4OGGAi9EAtHNJlougE2xNWRWeSfzcjjvlR6d2TDC9d4rh7J7IQnlXlF_zrgtkr6_uPmGjvK6slyXu03bMVv92zp6RDNjTlGUnF0QEkBcDSO9I4M1oQikXm0pEbTcZtWfUzzg3SGhxOJjBJAIrzKyBfQYMh5AV2Gb6pjKz7jhqDJHVZmqgm02RGlJabA_0nl_9kASXEuxX0I.h1U8KRTtCdEbO9c1qgXhtCuoIDf9aeAkupVhjHFNb89fhw4nsAaXSDTNaelopzXaYaOlWq6GhwmhreecKr1lI0GHld0Vm09L0c1X3NlEpHUujnjUpGSNWqT3eQNBIsBd4h8ZW64Wn1qs09vbfyC6lY83ax93itMJVUxyBJIdO_VQjkCcL3gP73K8tfq0wrgCqlorn3Giy7vyZtmtsG_N9nyd7Et8b922fn0m4Y6PBVMbmSMNEpFwSlAzD8CYaepgqQYPdv._HbJszStx0utgL6TS_VWzE.qMN.iiXcWng79Yj.YcEuJUVUZdMA1Fzq_wWsvYF592oj5jM3iz3kIn2Iq53DWiWPUkD3Tbv9n.FQrgdPP5nZmLCyWrtCv18yGhFk_TLjlgctEE6NobcJIoMUqEfVMqJQKtsu0zOXeuvL8w7GSBBNzBVZLcP5Hgpe_KApU5YMsDi59__4aJ9WCREdOyoQ_eoFruQxdvZQW9_s8CV8pldXOIylWhxRxHLklEOXoiZSRLY6tbK1ea5y0Ip2i.kG_UXcm5yqrQbfcV1UTfwsL3oH54HyrBRPV9HQPYDmkdSBhsJ8tDupABtittfNCzKokMr0DAjOw9px1cGU.sxSMV1RGbl.6C_b3GZXG_DqMb_mscHfD_1oXSbpPEMdy2ab5KmB25pZJcrpnr4bscgO18qZV7XdJUkgWi5mrC74z7nDvBoWaBgVV9ZSgYSGvD4wIKqyuX5BGaboYSj4OFxMWtKHkqHUHw_vSMpCKEWw5YtsRChalzBO5IUMkOXqO_NfyQO3AisqNZra301.KKi9jPHWVH107CZDqoPr4fFP7TrrRRycN4mwFpsFg4WrH2V6vUTHbTkiemWzg1k68F34yMKc6OBydhwoD54G2PNNwsq6vZ3X5sd9tEA_8szAhydpvYrq22mCg3V3nNB6Q3SYP2fjS80vDETy1jWkkAidoBNpmmRNOBOKTMzmT8_ZAaNS8_S._XyeynESpNT0OF2tVSeT2vU1gfZL7.4JUd75cLUqNj2.pvEnwNnyBnrm3t0z845.b6dXiLW9r.QTlMXegV4lVPYjLsN7Fmxe9xOBNXtHRTxTdJfPdfPNpccTcyBjnzVc5uyhzq1lgc6MMy_u7FsYRpBVemxCPiy_KV_c2GCo7GYuhRKPQD9oHgYYIts5EiVVcMaucrTp9KsJMYrV1_uZozKRJFDENaY4B7YtmmvJLcjxoU4WSsoqwn2QF8fInupNmEZ6S8Ubg8pSXBebPObOCZSv7c34URbUDxfnEqCpc7K91P0Sq_es5xkbzCQAC9jyDv29EF0ZIzfeGagInmgdoXQPIDPBl7YaD_lOIKc447NFllkDzn6L9JWKWsEYhZDZ0fW4PLXv2.IRE.uStmAJ6_AbF0kjxkkbKqSB8D8MVvQ35Z6zwHaBE37sL8TgVy5FLlq"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/g/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=914d35977e894dab';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/10001852\/ris?__cf_chl_rt_tk=JuXeXq_3MiTCFtgR9RXnj5OvswnP.Jg7NBJFX_UwNqc-1740041009-1.0.1.1-YtI4VWF5TlPJziCnZkVHCKWxXHgIK3D8nEKa9H2hkGc" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>