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class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Sisukord</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">vii külgpaanile</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">peida</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Algus</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Etümoloogia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Etümoloogia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Etümoloogia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Etümoloogia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Metafüüsika_teaduses" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Metafüüsika_teaduses"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Metafüüsika teaduses</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Metafüüsika_teaduses-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tagasilükkamine" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tagasilükkamine"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Tagasilükkamine</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tagasilükkamine-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Protsessi_metafüüsika" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Protsessi_metafüüsika"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Protsessi metafüüsika</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Protsessi_metafüüsika-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Analüütiline_filosoofia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Analüütiline_filosoofia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Analüütiline filosoofia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Analüütiline_filosoofia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Budistide_metafüüsika" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Budistide_metafüüsika"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Budistide metafüüsika</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Budistide_metafüüsika-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mõiste_kujunemine_ja_variandid" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mõiste_kujunemine_ja_variandid"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Mõiste kujunemine ja variandid</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Mõiste_kujunemine_ja_variandid-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Lülita ümber alaosa "Mõiste kujunemine ja variandid"</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Mõiste_kujunemine_ja_variandid-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Aristotelese_"Metafüüsika"" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Aristotelese_"Metafüüsika""> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Aristotelese "Metafüüsika"</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Aristotelese_"Metafüüsika"-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Metafüüsika_valdkonnad_Hegeli_järgi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Metafüüsika_valdkonnad_Hegeli_järgi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Metafüüsika valdkonnad Hegeli järgi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Metafüüsika_valdkonnad_Hegeli_järgi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Metafüüsika_marksismi_järgi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Metafüüsika_marksismi_järgi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.3</span> <span>Metafüüsika marksismi järgi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Metafüüsika_marksismi_järgi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vaata_ka" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vaata_ka"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Vaata ka</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vaata_ka-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Viited" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Viited"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Viited</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Viited-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Sisukord" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Lülita sisukord ümber" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Lülita sisukord ümber</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Metafüüsika</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Mine teises keeles artiklisse. Saadaval 121 keeles" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-121" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">121 keelt</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metafisika" title="Metafisika – afrikaani" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Metafisika" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metaphysik" title="Metaphysik – šveitsisaksa" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Metaphysik" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="šveitsisaksa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%88%A5%E1%8A%90_%E1%8B%B2%E1%89%A0_%E1%8A%A0%E1%8A%AB%E1%88%8D" title="ሥነ ዲበ አካል – amhara" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ሥነ ዲበ አካል" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="amhara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE" title="तत्त्वमीमांसा – angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="तत्त्वमीमांसा" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="angika" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7_%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B7%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%B9%D8%A9" title="ما وراء الطبيعة – araabia" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ما وراء الطبيعة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="araabia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metaf%C3%ADsica" title="Metafísica – astuuria" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Metafísica" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="astuuria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9E%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="तत्त्वज्ञान – avadhi" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="तत्त्वज्ञान" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="avadhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अवधी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metafizika" title="Metafizika – aserbaidžaani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Metafizika" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="aserbaidžaani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metafisika" title="Metafisika – indoneesia" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Metafisika" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indoneesia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metafizik" title="Metafizik – malai" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Metafizik" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%85%E0%A6%A7%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE" title="অধিবিদ্যা – bengali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="অধিবিদ্যা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%AAng-j%C3%AE-si%C5%8Dng-ha%CC%8Dk" title="Hêng-jî-siōng-ha̍k – lõunamini" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Hêng-jî-siōng-ha̍k" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="lõunamini" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%96%D0%B7%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Метафізіка – valgevene" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Метафізіка" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="valgevene" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%8D%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%96%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Мэтафізыка – valgevene (taraškievitsa)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Мэтафізыка" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="valgevene (taraškievitsa)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metaphysik" title="Metaphysik – baieri" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Metaphysik" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="baieri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metafizika" title="Metafizika – bosnia" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Metafizika" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosnia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Метафизика – bulgaaria" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Метафизика" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgaaria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metaf%C3%ADsica" title="Metafísica – katalaani" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Metafísica" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalaani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Метафизика – tšuvaši" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Метафизика" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="tšuvaši" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metafyzika" title="Metafyzika – tšehhi" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Metafyzika" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="tšehhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metaffiseg" title="Metaffiseg – kõmri" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Metaffiseg" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="kõmri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metafysik" title="Metafysik – taani" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Metafysik" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="taani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="hea artikkel"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metaphysik" title="Metaphysik – saksa" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Metaphysik" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="saksa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CE%B5%CF%84%CE%B1%CF%86%CF%85%CF%83%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE" title="Μεταφυσική – kreeka" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Μεταφυσική" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="kreeka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="hea artikkel"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metaphysics" title="Metaphysics – inglise" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Metaphysics" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="inglise" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metaf%C3%ADsica" title="Metafísica – hispaania" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Metafísica" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="hispaania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metafiziko" title="Metafiziko – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Metafiziko" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metafisika" title="Metafisika – baski" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Metafisika" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%81%DB%8C%D8%B2%DB%8C%DA%A9" title="متافیزیک – pärsia" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="متافیزیک" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="pärsia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A9taphysique" title="Métaphysique – prantsuse" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Métaphysique" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="prantsuse" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metafysika" title="Metafysika – läänefriisi" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Metafysika" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="läänefriisi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meitifisic" title="Meitifisic – iiri" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Meitifisic" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="iiri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metaf%C3%ADsica" title="Metafísica – galeegi" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Metafísica" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galeegi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BD%A2%E8%80%8C%E4%B8%8A%E5%AD%B8" title="形而上學 – kani" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="形而上學" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="kani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%98%95%EC%9D%B4%EC%83%81%ED%95%99" title="형이상학 – korea" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="형이상학" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="korea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%84%D5%A5%D5%BF%D5%A1%D6%86%D5%AB%D5%A6%D5%AB%D5%AF%D5%A1" title="Մետաֆիզիկա – armeenia" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Մետաֆիզիկա" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armeenia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE" title="तत्त्वमीमांसा – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="तत्त्वमीमांसा" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metafizika" title="Metafizika – horvaadi" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Metafizika" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="horvaadi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metafiziko" title="Metafiziko – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Metafiziko" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metaphysica" title="Metaphysica – interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Metaphysica" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/IPhicamvelo" title="IPhicamvelo – suulu" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="IPhicamvelo" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="suulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frumspeki" title="Frumspeki – islandi" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Frumspeki" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metafisica" title="Metafisica – itaalia" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Metafisica" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="itaalia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%98%D7%90%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%96%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%94" title="מטאפיזיקה – heebrea" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מטאפיזיקה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="heebrea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A9tafisika" title="Métafisika – jaava" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Métafisika" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="jaava" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metafiiziki_(m%C3%A9taphysique)" title="Metafiiziki (métaphysique) – kabije" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Metafiiziki (métaphysique)" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="kabije" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%94%E1%83%A2%E1%83%90%E1%83%A4%E1%83%98%E1%83%96%E1%83%98%E1%83%99%E1%83%90" title="მეტაფიზიკა – gruusia" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="მეტაფიზიკა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="gruusia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Метафизика – kasahhi" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Метафизика" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kasahhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Метафизика – kirgiisi" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Метафизика" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirgiisi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metafizikia" title="Metafizikia – suahiili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Metafizikia" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="suahiili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metafizik" title="Metafizik – haiti" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Metafizik" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="haiti" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A9tafizik" title="Métafizik – Guajaana kreoolkeel" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Métafizik" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guajaana kreoolkeel" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metafiz%C3%AEk" title="Metafizîk – kurdi" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Metafizîk" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="kurdi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metafisica" title="Metafisica – ladiini" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Metafisica" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="ladiini" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metaphysica" title="Metaphysica – ladina" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Metaphysica" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="ladina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metafizika" title="Metafizika – läti" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Metafizika" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="läti" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metaphysik" title="Metaphysik – letseburgi" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Metaphysik" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="letseburgi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metafizika" title="Metafizika – leedu" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Metafizika" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="leedu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metafixica" title="Metafixica – liguuri" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Metafixica" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="liguuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="eeskujulik artikkel"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metafisica" title="Metafisica – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Metafisica" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metafizika" title="Metafizika – ungari" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Metafizika" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ungari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9E%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="तत्त्वज्ञान – maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="तत्त्वज्ञान" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Метафизика – makedoonia" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Метафизика" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="makedoonia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metafizika" title="Metafizika – malagassi" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Metafizika" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malagassi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%85%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AD%E0%B5%97%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%82" title="അതിഭൗതികം – malajalami" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="അതിഭൗതികം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malajalami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B2%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="ميتافيزيا – Egiptuse araabia" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="ميتافيزيا" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egiptuse araabia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metaf%C3%ADsica" title="Metafísica – miranda" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Metafísica" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="miranda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Метафизик – mongoli" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Метафизик" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongoli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%95%E1%80%9B%E1%80%99%E1%80%90%E1%80%B9%E1%80%91%E1%80%97%E1%80%B1%E1%80%92" title="ပရမတ္ထဗေဒ – birma" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ပရမတ္ထဗေဒ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="birma" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metafysica" title="Metafysica – hollandi" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Metafysica" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="hollandi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9E%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="तत्त्वज्ञान – nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="तत्त्वज्ञान" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AB%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8" title="मेताफिजिक्स – nevari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="मेताफिजिक्स" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="nevari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BD%A2%E8%80%8C%E4%B8%8A%E5%AD%A6" title="形而上学 – jaapani" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="形而上学" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="jaapani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metafysikk" title="Metafysikk – norra bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Metafysikk" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norra bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metafysikk" title="Metafysikk – uusnorra" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Metafysikk" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="uusnorra" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metafisica" title="Metafisica – oksitaani" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Metafisica" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="oksitaani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xinumamaa%27ol" title="Xinumamaa'ol – oromo" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Xinumamaa'ol" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="oromo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metafizika" title="Metafizika – usbeki" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Metafizika" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="usbeki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%A4%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%A4-%E0%A8%AE%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%82%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BE" title="ਤੱਤ-ਮੀਮਾਂਸਾ – pandžabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਤੱਤ-ਮੀਮਾਂਸਾ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="pandžabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B9%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B7%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%B9%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="مابعد الطبيعيات – lahnda" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="مابعد الطبيعيات" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="lahnda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%DB%90%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%B2%DB%8C%DA%A9" title="مېتافزیک – puštu" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="مېتافزیک" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="puštu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metafizix" title="Metafizix – Jamaica kreoolkeel" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Metafizix" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaica kreoolkeel" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%98%E1%9E%8F%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%90%E1%9E%9C%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%87%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%87%E1%9E%B6" title="បរមត្ថវិជ្ជា – khmeeri" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="បរមត្ថវិជ្ជា" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="khmeeri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metaphysik" title="Metaphysik – alamsaksa" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Metaphysik" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="alamsaksa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metafizyka_klasyczna" title="Metafizyka klasyczna – poola" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Metafizyka klasyczna" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="poola" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metaf%C3%ADsica" title="Metafísica – portugali" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Metafísica" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metafizic%C4%83" title="Metafizică – rumeenia" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Metafizică" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumeenia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%96%D0%B7%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Метафізіка – russiini" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Метафізіка" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="russiini" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Метафизика – vene" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Метафизика" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="vene" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Метафизика – jakuudi" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Метафизика" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="jakuudi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE" title="तत्त्वमीमांसा – sanskriti" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="तत्त्वमीमांसा" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="sanskriti" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metafizika" title="Metafizika – albaania" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Metafizika" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albaania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitaf%C3%ACsica" title="Mitafìsica – sitsiilia" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Mitafìsica" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="sitsiilia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metaphysics" title="Metaphysics – lihtsustatud inglise" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Metaphysics" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="lihtsustatud inglise" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B9%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B7%D8%A8%D8%B9%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="مابعدالطبعيات – sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="مابعدالطبعيات" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metafyzika" title="Metafyzika – slovaki" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Metafyzika" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metafizika" title="Metafizika – sloveeni" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Metafizika" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="sloveeni" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%DB%8E%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%81%DB%8C%D8%B2%DB%8C%DA%A9" title="مێتافیزیک – sorani" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="مێتافیزیک" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="sorani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Метафизика – serbia" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Метафизика" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metafizika" title="Metafizika – serbia-horvaadi" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Metafizika" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbia-horvaadi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="recommended article"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metafysiikka" title="Metafysiikka – soome" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Metafysiikka" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="soome" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metafysik" title="Metafysik – rootsi" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Metafysik" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="rootsi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metapisika" title="Metapisika – tagalogi" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Metapisika" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalogi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%80%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D" title="மீவியற்பியல் – tamili" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="மீவியற்பியல்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tadfersengamt" title="Tadfersengamt – kabiili" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Tadfersengamt" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="kabiili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%85%E0%B0%A7%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AD%E0%B1%8C%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%95_%E0%B0%B6%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%82_(%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%9F%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%AB%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%9C%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D)" title="అధిభౌతిక శాస్త్రం (మెటాఫిజిక్స్) – telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="అధిభౌతిక శాస్త్రం (మెటాఫిజిక్స్)" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%8D%E0%B8%B2" title="อภิปรัชญา – tai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="อภิปรัชญา" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="tai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Si%C3%AAu_h%C3%ACnh_h%E1%BB%8Dc" title="Siêu hình học – vietnami" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Siêu hình học" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Метафизик – tadžiki" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Метафизик" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tadžiki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metafizik" title="Metafizik – türgi" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Metafizik" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="türgi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%96%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Метафізика – ukraina" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Метафізика" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukraina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7_%D8%A8%D8%B9%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B7%D8%A8%DB%8C%D8%B9%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="ما بعد الطبیعیات – urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ما بعد الطبیعیات" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metaf%C3%ACzega" title="Metafìzega – veneti" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Metafìzega" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="veneti" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metaf%C3%BCd" title="Metafüd – volapüki" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Metafüd" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="volapüki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metaf%C3%BC%C3%BCsiga" title="Metafüüsiga – võru" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Metafüüsiga" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="võru" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BD%A2%E8%80%8C%E4%B8%8A%E5%AD%B8" title="形而上學 – klassikaline hiina" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="形而上學" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="klassikaline hiina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metafisika" title="Metafisika – varai" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Metafisika" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="varai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BD%A2%E8%80%8C%E4%B8%8A%E5%AD%A6" title="形而上学 – uu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="形而上学" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="uu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%A2%D7%98%D7%90%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%96%D7%99%D7%A7" title="מעטאפיזיק – jidiši" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="מעטאפיזיק" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="jidiši" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BD%A2%E8%80%8C%E4%B8%8A%E5%AD%B8" title="形而上學 – kantoni" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="形而上學" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantoni" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BD%A2%E4%B8%8A%E5%AD%B8" title="形上學 – hiina" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="形上學" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="hiina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q35277#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Muuda keelelinke" class="wbc-editpage">Muuda linke</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div 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andmehoidla seonduva üksuse juurde [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Andmeüksus</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Lehekülje tööriistad"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Ilme"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Ilme</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">vii külgpaanile</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">peida</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Allikas: Vikipeedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="et" dir="ltr"><div class="nomobile"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r6739652">.mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:22em;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.2em;text-align:center;line-height:1.4em;font-size:88%}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-caption,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-caption{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title{padding:0.2em 0.8em;font-size:145%;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-heading{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content{padding:0 0.5em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-below{padding:0.3em 0.8em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-navbar{text-align:right;font-size:115%;padding:0 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:left;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6em;font-size:105%;color:var(--color-base)!important}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-nowraplinks a{white-space:nowrap}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title{background:transparent!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-nowraplinks" style="float: right;; clear: right;"><tbody><tr> <td class="" style="padding-top: 0.4em; line-height: 1.2em;">Osa <a href="/wiki/Kategooria:Filosoofia" title="Kategooria:Filosoofia">artiklitest</a> teemal</td> </tr><tr> <th class="sidebar-title" style="padding-top: 0; font-size:200%;font-weight:normal;padding-bottom:0.15em;"><a href="/wiki/Filosoofia" title="Filosoofia">Filosoofia</a></th> </tr><tr> <td class="" style="padding: 0.2em 0.4em 0.4em;"><span typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/Fail:Philbar_3.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Vasakult paremale: Platon, Kant, Nietzsche, Buddha, Konfutsius, Averroes"><img alt="Vasakult paremale: Platon, Kant, Nietzsche, Buddha, Konfutsius, Averroes" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cf/Philbar_3.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="151" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="220" data-file-height="151" /></a></span><div class="sidebar-caption" style="white-space:nowrap;border-bottom:1px #aaa solid;"> <a href="/wiki/Platon" title="Platon">Platon</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Immanuel_Kant" title="Immanuel Kant">Kant</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Nietzsche" title="Friedrich Nietzsche">Nietzsche</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Siddh%C4%81rtha_Gautama" title="Siddhārtha Gautama">Buddha</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Kong_Fuzi" title="Kong Fuzi">Konfutsius</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Averroes" title="Averroes">Averroes</a></div></td> </tr><tr> <th class="sidebar-header" style="font-size:105%;padding-bottom:0;;"><a href="/wiki/Kategooria:Filosoofid" title="Kategooria:Filosoofid">Filosoofid</a></th> </tr><tr> <td class="sidebar-content" style="padding:0 0 0.6em;;"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r5492003">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child:after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child:after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child:after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child:before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child:before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child:before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child:before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child:before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child:before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child:before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child:before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child:before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child:after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child:after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child:after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child:after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child:after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child:after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child:after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child:after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child:after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li:before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child:before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child:before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child:before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Esteetikute_loend&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Esteetikute loend (pole veel kirjutatud)">Esteetikud</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Epistemoloogide_loend&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Epistemoloogide loend (pole veel kirjutatud)">Epistemoloogid</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eetikute_loend&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eetikute loend (pole veel kirjutatud)">Eetikud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loogikute_loend" title="Loogikute loend">Loogikud</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Metaf%C3%BC%C3%BCsikute_loend&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Metafüüsikute loend (pole veel kirjutatud)">Metafüüsikud</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sotsiaal-_ja_poliitfilosoofide_loend&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sotsiaal- ja poliitfilosoofide loend (pole veel kirjutatud)">Sotsiaal- ja poliitfilosoofid</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr> <th class="sidebar-header" style="font-size:105%;padding-bottom:0;;">Traditsioonid</th> </tr><tr> <td class="sidebar-content" style="padding:0 0 0.6em;;"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5492003"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aafrika_filosoofia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aafrika filosoofia (pole veel kirjutatud)">Aafrika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anal%C3%BC%C3%BCtiline_filosoofia" title="Analüütiline filosoofia">Analüütiline</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aristotelism&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aristotelism (pole veel kirjutatud)">Aristotellik</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Budismi_filosoofia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Budismi filosoofia (pole veel kirjutatud)">Budistlik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hiina_filosoofia" title="Hiina filosoofia">Hiina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kristlik_filosoofia" title="Kristlik filosoofia">Kristlik</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kontinentaalne_filosoofia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kontinentaalne filosoofia (pole veel kirjutatud)">Kontinentaalne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eksistentsialism" title="Eksistentsialism">Eksistentsialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hinduistlik_filosoofia" title="Hinduistlik filosoofia">Hindu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=D%C5%BEainismi_filosoofia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Džainismi filosoofia (pole veel kirjutatud)">Džainistlik</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Juudi_filosoofia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Juudi filosoofia (pole veel kirjutatud)">Juudi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pragmatism" title="Pragmatism">Pragmatism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ida_filosoofia" title="Ida filosoofia">Ida</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Islami_filosoofia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Islami filosoofia (pole veel kirjutatud)">Islami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Platonism" title="Platonism">Platonism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%A4%C3%A4ne_filosoofia" title="Lääne filosoofia">Lääne</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr> <th class="sidebar-header" style="font-size:105%;padding-bottom:0;;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kategooria:Filosoofia_perioodid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kategooria:Filosoofia perioodid (pole veel kirjutatud)">Perioodid</a></th> </tr><tr> <td class="sidebar-content" style="padding:0 0 0.6em;;"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5492003"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antiikfilosoofia" title="Antiikfilosoofia">Antiik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keskaja_filosoofia" title="Keskaja filosoofia">Keskaeg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uusaja_filosoofia" title="Uusaja filosoofia">Uusaeg</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=T%C3%A4nap%C3%A4eva_filosoofia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tänapäeva filosoofia (pole veel kirjutatud)">Tänapäev</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr> <th class="sidebar-header" style="font-size:105%;padding-bottom:0;;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kategooria:Filosoofia_harud&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kategooria:Filosoofia harud (pole veel kirjutatud)">Harud</a></th> </tr><tr> <td class="sidebar-content" style="padding:0 0 0.6em;;"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5492003"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Esteetika" title="Esteetika">Esteetika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epistemoloogia" title="Epistemoloogia">Epistemoloogia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eetika" title="Eetika">Eetika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%95igusfilosoofia" title="Õigusfilosoofia">Õigusfilosoofia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loogika" title="Loogika">Loogika</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Metafüüsika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poliitiline_filosoofia" title="Poliitiline filosoofia">Poliitiline filosoofia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sotsiaalfilosoofia" title="Sotsiaalfilosoofia">Sotsiaalfilosoofia</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr> <th class="sidebar-header" style="font-size:105%;padding-bottom:0;;">Loendid</th> </tr><tr> <td class="sidebar-content" style="padding:0 0 0.6em;;"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5492003"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/V%C3%A4lismaa_filosoofide_loend" title="Välismaa filosoofide loend">Filosoofid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filosoofia_m%C3%B5isteid" title="Filosoofia mõisteid">Mõisted</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filosoofiliste_teoste_loend" title="Filosoofiliste teoste loend">Teosed</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr> <th class="sidebar-header" style="font-size:105%;padding-bottom:0;;">Muu</th> </tr><tr> <td class="sidebar-content" style="padding:0 0 0.6em;;"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5492003"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Filosoof" title="Filosoof">Filosoof</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Teadmistearmastaja&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Teadmistearmastaja (pole veel kirjutatud)">Teadmistearmastaja</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Naised_filosoofias&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Naised filosoofias (pole veel kirjutatud)">Naised filosoofias</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr> <td class="sidebar-content" style="padding:0 0 0.6em;;padding: 0; line-height: 0.4em">  </td> </tr><tr> <td class="sidebar-below" style="border-top: 1px solid #aaa; border-bottom: 1px solid #aaa; border-top:1px solid #aaa;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fail:P_vip.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/23px-P_vip.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/35px-P_vip.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/46px-P_vip.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1911" data-file-height="1944" /></a></span> <small><a href="/wiki/Portaal:Filosoofia" title="Portaal:Filosoofia">Filosoofia portaal</a></small></td> </tr><tr> <td class="sidebar-navbar" style="padding-top: 0.6em;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r6347537">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{margin:0;display:inline-block;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{white-space:nowrap;word-spacing:-0.125em;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .navbar li:not(:last-child):after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .navbar.mini li abbr[title]{border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}</style><div class="navbar mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Mall:Filosoofia_k%C3%BClgriba" title="Mall:Filosoofia külgriba"><abbr title="Vaata seda malli">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Eri:EditPage/Mall:Filosoofia_k%C3%BClgriba" title="Eri:EditPage/Mall:Filosoofia külgriba"><abbr title="Redigeeri seda malli">r</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td> </tr> </tbody></table></div> <table> <tbody><tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Disambig_gray.svg/25px-Disambig_gray.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Disambig_gray.svg/38px-Disambig_gray.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Disambig_gray.svg/50px-Disambig_gray.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="220" data-file-height="168" /></span></span> </td> <td> <i>See artikkel räägib <a href="/wiki/Filosoofia" title="Filosoofia">filosoofia</a> valdkonnast; Aristotelese teose kohta vaata artiklit <a href="/wiki/Metaf%C3%BC%C3%BCsika_(Aristoteles)" title="Metafüüsika (Aristoteles)">Metafüüsika (Aristoteles)</a>; Baumgarteni teose kohta vaata artiklit <a href="/wiki/Metaf%C3%BC%C3%BCsika_(Baumgarten)" title="Metafüüsika (Baumgarten)">Metafüüsika (Baumgarten)</a>; Richard Taylori teose kohta vaata artiklit <a href="/wiki/Metaphysics" title="Metaphysics">Metaphysics</a></i> </td></tr></tbody></table> <hr /> <div class="nomobile"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r6739384">.mw-parser-output th.mbox-text,.mw-parser-output td.mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.9em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output td.mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output td.mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output td.mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output table.ambox{margin:0 10%;border:1px solid #aaa;border-left:10px solid #1e90ff;background:#fbfbfb}.mw-parser-output table.ambox~table.ambox:not(.mbox-small-left){margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox th.mbox-text,.mw-parser-output .ambox td.mbox-text{padding:0.25em 0.5em}.mw-parser-output .ambox td.mbox-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em}.mw-parser-output .ambox td.mbox-imageright{padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0}.mw-parser-output table.ambox-notice{border-left:10px solid #1e90ff}.mw-parser-output table.ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b22222;background:#fee}.mw-parser-output table.ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b22222}.mw-parser-output table.ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output table.ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #f4c430}.mw-parser-output table.ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output table.ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #bba}.mw-parser-output table.imbox{margin:4px 10%;border-collapse:collapse;border:3px solid #36c;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output table.cmbox{margin:3px 10%;border-collapse:collapse;border:1px solid #aaa;background:#DFE8FF}.mw-parser-output table.ombox{margin:4px 10%;border-collapse:collapse;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output table.tmbox{margin:4px 10%;border-collapse:collapse;border:1px solid #c0c090;background:#f8eaba}.mw-parser-output table.fmbox{clear:both;margin:0.2em 0;width:100%;border:1px solid #aaa;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output table.fmbox-editnotice{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output table.mbox-small{clear:right;float:right;margin:4px 0 4px 1em;width:238px;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output table.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cmbox{background-color:#0d1a27}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmbox{background-color:#2e2505}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cmbox{background-color:#0d1a27}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmbox{background-color:#2e2505}}</style></div><table class="metadata plainlinks ambox ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Edit-copy_orange_button.svg/35px-Edit-copy_orange_button.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="35" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Edit-copy_orange_button.svg/53px-Edit-copy_orange_button.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Edit-copy_orange_button.svg/70px-Edit-copy_orange_button.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="43" data-file-height="43" /></span></span></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span"><b>See artikkel</b> <b>vajab <a href="/wiki/Vikipeedia:Artiklite_toimetamine" title="Vikipeedia:Artiklite toimetamine">toimetamist</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"></span><span class="hide-when-compact"> <br /><small>Palun aita <a class="external text" href="https://et.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Metaf%C3%BC%C3%BCsika&action=edit">artiklit toimetada</a>.</small> <small>(<a href="/wiki/Juhend:Toimetusm%C3%A4rkuste_eemaldamine" title="Juhend:Toimetusmärkuste eemaldamine">Kuidas ja millal see märkus eemaldada?</a>)</small></span><span class="hide-when-compact"></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div class="nomobile"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6739384"></div><table class="metadata plainlinks ambox ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Emblem-important.svg/35px-Emblem-important.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="35" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Emblem-important.svg/53px-Emblem-important.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Emblem-important.svg/70px-Emblem-important.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></span></span></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span"><b>See artikkel</b> <b>ootab <a href="/wiki/Keeletoimetamine" title="Keeletoimetamine">keeletoimetamist</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"></span><span class="hide-when-compact"> <br /><small>Kui oskad, siis palun aita <a class="external text" href="https://et.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Metaf%C3%BC%C3%BCsika&action=edit">artiklit keeleliselt parandada</a>.</small> <small>(<a href="/wiki/Juhend:Toimetusm%C3%A4rkuste_eemaldamine" title="Juhend:Toimetusmärkuste eemaldamine">Kuidas ja millal see märkus eemaldada?</a>)</small></span><span class="hide-when-compact"></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Metafüüsika</b> (<a href="/wiki/Kreeka_keel" title="Kreeka keel">kreeka keeles</a> μετά, <i>meta</i>, 'pärast', 'peale üle' + φυσικά, <i>füüsika</i>, 'loodus') on <a href="/wiki/Filosoofia" title="Filosoofia">filosoofia</a> haru, mis püüab selgitada <a href="/wiki/Olemine" title="Olemine">olemise</a> põhialuseid ning algupära, <a href="/wiki/Reaalsus" title="Reaalsus">reaalsuse</a> kogemuse piire ületavaid probleeme ja <a href="/wiki/Algm%C3%B5iste" title="Algmõiste">algmõisteid</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Metafüüsika üritab ületada <a href="/wiki/F%C3%BC%C3%BCsika" title="Füüsika">füüsikalisi</a> piire, kasutades <a href="/wiki/Vaatlus" title="Vaatlus">vaatluse</a>, <a href="/wiki/M%C3%B5%C3%B5tmine" title="Mõõtmine">mõõtmise</a> ja <a href="/wiki/Katse" class="mw-disambig" title="Katse">katsete</a> asemel <a href="/w/index.php?title=Oletus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oletus (pole veel kirjutatud)">oletusi</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=M%C3%B5tisklus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mõtisklus (pole veel kirjutatud)">mõtisklust</a> ja <a href="/wiki/Loogika" title="Loogika">loogikat</a>, püüdes jõuda mittemõõdetava reaalsuse ning ajatute, muutumatute ja üldkehtivate seaduspärasusteni. Traditsiooniline metafüüsika otsib vastust küsimustele: </p> <ul><li>Mis on?</li> <li>Kuidas on?</li></ul> <p>Metafüüsika uurimisobjektideks on <a href="/wiki/Eksistents" class="mw-redirect" title="Eksistents">eksistents</a>, <a href="/wiki/Objekt_(filosoofia)" title="Objekt (filosoofia)">objektid</a> ja nende <a href="/wiki/Omadus" title="Omadus">omadused</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aeg" title="Aeg">aeg</a> ja <a href="/wiki/Ruum" title="Ruum">ruum</a>, <a href="/wiki/P%C3%B5hjus" title="Põhjus">põhjus</a> ja <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tagaj%C3%A4rg&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tagajärg (pole veel kirjutatud)">tagajärg</a> ning <a href="/w/index.php?title=V%C3%B5imalus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Võimalus (pole veel kirjutatud)">võimalus</a>. </p><p>Metafüüsika kaks põhisuunda on: </p> <ul><li>üldine metafüüsika, mis üritab olla universaalne viis seletada reaalsuse olemust: "kas on põhimõtteid, mis käivad kõige kohta, mis on reaalne?"</li> <li>spetsiifiline metafüüsika, mis otsib vastust küsimusele "mis on lõplikult reaalne?"</li></ul> <p>Neid kahte suunda ühendab <a href="/wiki/Ontoloogia" title="Ontoloogia">ontoloogia</a>, mis uurib <a href="/wiki/Olev" title="Olev">olevat</a>, <a href="/wiki/Olemine" title="Olemine">olemist</a> ning <a href="/w/index.php?title=Olemisviis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Olemisviis (pole veel kirjutatud)">olemisviise</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etümoloogia"><span id="Et.C3.BCmoloogia"></span>Etümoloogia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Metaf%C3%BC%C3%BCsika&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Muuda alaosa "Etümoloogia"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Metaf%C3%BC%C3%BCsika&action=edit&section=1" title="Muuda alaosa "Etümoloogia" lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Sõna 'metafüüsika' kasutati esimest korda <a href="/wiki/Aristoteles" title="Aristoteles">Aristotelese</a> teoste kogumis „<a href="/wiki/F%C3%BC%C3%BCsika_(Aristoteles)" title="Füüsika (Aristoteles)">Füüsika</a>“ teoste kohta, mis järgnesid raamatule „Füüsika“. Eessõna "meta"- viitab peatükkidele “peale” füüsikat. Aristoteles ise ei nimetanud oma raamatute sisu metafüüsikaks, tema nimetas seda “esimeseks filosoofiaks”. Aristotelese teoste toimetaja <a href="/w/index.php?title=Andronicus_of_Rhodes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Andronicus of Rhodes (pole veel kirjutatud)">Andronicus of Rhodes</a> paigutas esimesed filosoofia raamatud sada aastat hiljem pärast füüsika raamatuid ja kutsus neid τὰ μετὰ τὰ φυσικὰ βιβλία (<i>tà metà tà physikà biblía</i>) raamatuteks, mis tulevad peale raamatut "Füüsika". See kutsus esile eksimuse ka ladinakeelsetelt teadlastelt, kes tõlgendasid seda “teadusena, mis on peale füüsikat”. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Metafüüsika_teaduses"><span id="Metaf.C3.BC.C3.BCsika_teaduses"></span>Metafüüsika teaduses</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Metaf%C3%BC%C3%BCsika&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Muuda alaosa "Metafüüsika teaduses"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Metaf%C3%BC%C3%BCsika&action=edit&section=2" title="Muuda alaosa "Metafüüsika teaduses" lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b> </b>Kui tavaline teadus on lõpetanud küsimuste küsimise, jätkab metafüüsika küsimist “miks?”. <a href="/wiki/F%C3%BC%C3%BCsika" title="Füüsika">Füüsika</a> alused on ehitatud kindlatele aksioomidele, mis tõestavad <a href="/wiki/Aatom" title="Aatom">aatomeid</a>, <a href="/wiki/Osake" title="Osake">osakesi</a>, <a href="/wiki/J%C3%B5ud" title="Jõud">jõude</a>, <a href="/wiki/Laeng" title="Laeng">laenguid</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mass" title="Mass">massi</a> jne. Selliste tõestuste olemasolu loetakse teadusliku teooria lõpuks. Metafüüsika aga liigub edasi küsimustega: Kas kõik füüsika teooriad vajava aja ja ruumi olemasolu, objekte ja omadusi?<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Või piisab neist omadustest vaid ühest? Kui objekt muutub, kas ta jääb ikka samaks objektiks või mitte? Kas eristus objektide ja omaduste vahel on vajalik päris maailmas või meie arusaamale sellest? <sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tagasilükkamine"><span id="Tagasil.C3.BCkkamine"></span>Tagasilükkamine</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Metaf%C3%BC%C3%BCsika&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Muuda alaosa "Tagasilükkamine"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Metaf%C3%BC%C3%BCsika&action=edit&section=3" title="Muuda alaosa "Tagasilükkamine" lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b> </b>18. sajandi filosoof <a href="/wiki/David_Hume" title="David Hume">David Hume</a> on väitnud oma ekstreemsetes vaadetes metafüüsika vastu, et kogu tõeline teadus vajab kas matemaatilisi või faktilisi tõestusi. Kõik, mis jääb mõõdetavast välja, on väärtusetu. </p><p>Teadlased ja filosoofid, kes eiravad kogu metafüüsikat, nimetatakse <a href="/wiki/Loogiline_positivism" title="Loogiline positivism">loogilisteks positivistideks</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Protsessi_metafüüsika"><span id="Protsessi_metaf.C3.BC.C3.BCsika"></span>Protsessi metafüüsika</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Metaf%C3%BC%C3%BCsika&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Muuda alaosa "Protsessi metafüüsika"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Metaf%C3%BC%C3%BCsika&action=edit&section=4" title="Muuda alaosa "Protsessi metafüüsika" lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Protsessi metafüüsika väidab, et muutus ja püsivus kaks igapäeva kogemuste alust. Varem arvati nendeks põhiliselt olevat: olemus ja püsivus. Protsessi mõtlejate kohaselt on tähtsal kohal meie reaalsuse loomisel: uudsus, vool ja juhus. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Analüütiline_filosoofia"><span id="Anal.C3.BC.C3.BCtiline_filosoofia"></span>Analüütiline filosoofia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Metaf%C3%BC%C3%BCsika&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Muuda alaosa "Analüütiline filosoofia"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Metaf%C3%BC%C3%BCsika&action=edit&section=5" title="Muuda alaosa "Analüütiline filosoofia" lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Varane analüütilne filosoofia kippus metafüüsikat tagasi lükkama, mõjutatult loogilisest positivismist, metafüüsika toodi analüütilisse filosoofiasse tagasi 20. sajandi teisel poolel. Filosoofid <a href="/w/index.php?title=David_K._Lewis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="David K. Lewis (pole veel kirjutatud)">David K. Lewis</a> ja <a href="/w/index.php?title=David_Armstrong&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="David Armstrong (pole veel kirjutatud)">David Armstrong</a> töötasid välja erinevaid teooriaid erinevatel metafüüsikat puudutavatel teemadel: üldkehtivus, põhjuslikus, võimalus, vajalikus ja abstraktsed objektid. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Budistide_metafüüsika"><span id="Budistide_metaf.C3.BC.C3.BCsika"></span>Budistide metafüüsika</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Metaf%C3%BC%C3%BCsika&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Muuda alaosa "Budistide metafüüsika"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Metaf%C3%BC%C3%BCsika&action=edit&section=6" title="Muuda alaosa "Budistide metafüüsika" lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Budism" title="Budism">Budistide</a> metafüüsika esitab erinevaid küsimusi reaalsuse olemuse kohta, toetudes <a href="/wiki/Buddha" class="mw-redirect" title="Buddha">Buddha</a> õpetustele. Varased <a href="/wiki/Budism" title="Budism">budistide</a> tekstid räägivad rohkem eetikast ja vaimsest arengust; mõnedest kohtadest võib välja lugeda, et mõte metafüüsikast kantakse maha, nimetades seda ebakasulikuks ning määramatuks<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Metafüüsika hakkas levima peale Buddha surma <a href="/wiki/Abhidharma" title="Abhidharma">Abhidharma</a> traditsioonis, kus usutakse, et nähtus <i><a href="/wiki/Dharma" title="Dharma">dharma</a></i> ülim füüsiline ja vaimne juhtum loob kõik, mida me tajume ning seostab seda kõigega meie ümber.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Mõiste_kujunemine_ja_variandid"><span id="M.C3.B5iste_kujunemine_ja_variandid"></span>Mõiste kujunemine ja variandid</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Metaf%C3%BC%C3%BCsika&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Muuda alaosa "Mõiste kujunemine ja variandid"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Metaf%C3%BC%C3%BCsika&action=edit&section=7" title="Muuda alaosa "Mõiste kujunemine ja variandid" lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Aristotelese_"Metafüüsika""><span id="Aristotelese_.22Metaf.C3.BC.C3.BCsika.22"></span>Aristotelese "Metafüüsika"</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Metaf%C3%BC%C3%BCsika&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Muuda alaosa "Aristotelese "Metafüüsika""" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Metaf%C3%BC%C3%BCsika&action=edit&section=8" title="Muuda alaosa "Aristotelese "Metafüüsika"" lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Kui <a href="/w/index.php?title=Andronikos_Rhodoselt&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Andronikos Rhodoselt (pole veel kirjutatud)">Andronikos Rhodoselt</a> <a href="/wiki/1._sajand_eKr" title="1. sajand eKr">1. sajandil eKr</a> <a href="/wiki/Aristoteles" title="Aristoteles">Aristotelesest</a> säilinud käsikirjad välja andis, paigutas ta "<a href="/wiki/F%C3%BC%C3%BCsika_(Aristoteles)" title="Füüsika (Aristoteles)">Füüsika</a>" järele "<a href="/wiki/Metaf%C3%BC%C3%BCsika_(Aristoteles)" title="Metafüüsika (Aristoteles)">Metafüüsika</a>" (<i>ta meta ta physika</i> 'füüsika[raamatutele] järgnevad [raamatud]'. Selle järgi ongi metafüüsika nimetatud. </p><p>"Metafüüsikas" määratles Aristoteles muuhulgas <a href="/w/index.php?title=Esimene_filosoofia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Esimene filosoofia (pole veel kirjutatud)">esimese filosoofia</a>: see uurib <a href="/wiki/Olev" title="Olev">olevat</a> kui olevat. Hiljem on "esimene filosoofia" ja "metafüüsika" olnud kasutusel ka <a href="/wiki/S%C3%BCnon%C3%BC%C3%BCm" title="Sünonüüm">sünonüümidena</a>. Esimest filosoofiat on nimetatud ka <a href="/wiki/Ontoloogia" title="Ontoloogia">ontoloogiaks</a>. Sellesse valdkonda võib ehk arvata ka <a href="/wiki/Olemine" title="Olemine">olemise</a> põhiprintsiipide ja olemise viiside ning <a href="/wiki/P%C3%B5hjus" title="Põhjus">põhjuste</a> ja <a href="/wiki/Substants" title="Substants">substantside</a> uurimise. Ent "Metafüüsikas" on juttu ka muust, sealhulgas <a href="/wiki/Jumal" title="Jumal">Jumalast</a>, kes jääb <a href="/wiki/Loodus" title="Loodus">loodusest</a> väljapoole. Sõna "metafüüsika" ongi hakatud tõlgendama ka kui looduse suhtes <a href="/wiki/Teispoolsus" title="Teispoolsus">teispoolse</a> uurimist. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Metafüüsika_valdkonnad_Hegeli_järgi"><span id="Metaf.C3.BC.C3.BCsika_valdkonnad_Hegeli_j.C3.A4rgi"></span>Metafüüsika valdkonnad Hegeli järgi</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Metaf%C3%BC%C3%BCsika&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Muuda alaosa "Metafüüsika valdkonnad Hegeli järgi"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Metaf%C3%BC%C3%BCsika&action=edit&section=9" title="Muuda alaosa "Metafüüsika valdkonnad Hegeli järgi" lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Georg_Wilhelm_Friedrich_Hegel" title="Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel">Hegel</a>, kes näeb senises metafüüsikas naiivset mõtteviisi, mis peab võimalikuks <a href="/wiki/L%C3%B5pmatus" title="Lõpmatus">lõpmatute</a> <a href="/wiki/Ese" title="Ese">esemete</a> (<a href="/wiki/Hing" title="Hing">hing</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maailm_(filosoofia)" title="Maailm (filosoofia)">maailm</a>, <a href="/wiki/Loodus" title="Loodus">loodus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vaim" title="Vaim">vaim</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jumal" title="Jumal">Jumal</a>) <a href="/wiki/Tunnetus_(filosoofia)" title="Tunnetus (filosoofia)">tunnetamist</a> nendele <a href="/wiki/Predikaat" title="Predikaat">predikaatide</a> omistamise teel, loetleb "<a href="/wiki/Filosoofiliste_teaduste_ents%C3%BCklopeedia" title="Filosoofiliste teaduste entsüklopeedia">Filosoofiliste teaduste entsüklopeedias</a>" (§-d 33–36) metafüüsika valdkonnad ja küsimused järgmiselt. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Ontoloogia" title="Ontoloogia">Ontoloogia</a> oli õpetus <a href="/wiki/Olemus" title="Olemus">olemuse</a> <a href="/wiki/Abstraktsus" title="Abstraktsus">abstraktsetest</a> <a href="/wiki/M%C3%A4%C3%A4ratlus" title="Määratlus">määratlustest</a>. Neid loetleti empiirilisel ja juhuslikul moel ning nende sisu võeti <a href="/wiki/Kujutlus" title="Kujutlus">kujutlusest</a> (sõna tarvitusest või <a href="/wiki/Et%C3%BCmoloogia" title="Etümoloogia">etümoloogiast</a>). </p><p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ratsionaalne_ps%C3%BChholoogia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ratsionaalne psühholoogia (pole veel kirjutatud)">Ratsionaalne psühholoogia</a> ehk <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pneumatoloogia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pneumatoloogia (pole veel kirjutatud)">pneumatoloogia</a> tegeles <a href="/wiki/Hing" title="Hing">hinge</a> metafüüsilise loomusega, nimelt <a href="/wiki/Vaim" title="Vaim">vaimuga</a> kui <a href="/wiki/Asi" title="Asi">asjaga</a> seoses <a href="/w/index.php?title=Liitsus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Liitsus (pole veel kirjutatud)">liitsuse</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aeg" title="Aeg">aja</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kvslitatiivne_muutumine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kvslitatiivne muutumine (pole veel kirjutatud)">kvalitatiivse muutumise</a> ning <a href="/wiki/Kvantiteet" title="Kvantiteet">kvantitatiivse</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kasvamine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kasvamine (pole veel kirjutatud)">kasvamise</a> ja <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kahanemine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kahanemine (pole veel kirjutatud)">kahanemisega</a>. Püüti põhjendada <a href="/wiki/Hinge_surematus" title="Hinge surematus">hinge surematust</a>. Sealjuures tugineti sageli hinge <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lihtsus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lihtsus (pole veel kirjutatud)">lihtsusele</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Kosmoloogia_(filosoofia)" title="Kosmoloogia (filosoofia)">Kosmoloogia</a> uuris <a href="/wiki/Maailm_(filosoofia)" title="Maailm (filosoofia)">maailma</a>, selle <a href="/wiki/Juhuslikkus" title="Juhuslikkus">juhuslikkust</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paratamatus" title="Paratamatus">paratamatust</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Igavesus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Igavesus (pole veel kirjutatud)">igavesust</a>, ruumilist ja ajalist <a href="/w/index.php?title=Piiratus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Piiratus (pole veel kirjutatud)">piiratust</a>, maailmas aset leidvate muutuste formaalseid seadusi, inimese <a href="/wiki/Vabadus" title="Vabadus">vabadust</a> ja <a href="/wiki/Kuri" title="Kuri">kurjuse</a> päritolu. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Metafüüsika_marksismi_järgi"><span id="Metaf.C3.BC.C3.BCsika_marksismi_j.C3.A4rgi"></span>Metafüüsika marksismi järgi</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Metaf%C3%BC%C3%BCsika&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Muuda alaosa "Metafüüsika marksismi järgi"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Metaf%C3%BC%C3%BCsika&action=edit&section=10" title="Muuda alaosa "Metafüüsika marksismi järgi" lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Marksism" title="Marksism">Marksism</a> andis metafüüsikale teistsuguse tähenduse. Marksismis vastandub metafüüsika <a href="/wiki/Dialektika" title="Dialektika">dialektikale</a>. Dialektika järgi on maailm pidevas muutumises ja arengus; metafüüsika seda eitab. Metafüüsikud käsitavad esemeid ja nähtusi muutumatutena ja seesmiste vastuoludeta. Metafüüsilise mõtlemisviisi järgi on vastuolud omased ainult mõtlemisele ja sedagi ainult niivõrd, kuivõrd mõtlemises eksitakse.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="nomobile"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6739384"></div><table class="metadata plainlinks ambox ambox-notice" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Sm-Wikipuzzlepiece.png/30px-Sm-Wikipuzzlepiece.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="32" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Sm-Wikipuzzlepiece.png/45px-Sm-Wikipuzzlepiece.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Sm-Wikipuzzlepiece.png/60px-Sm-Wikipuzzlepiece.png 2x" data-file-width="113" data-file-height="119" /></span></span></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span"><b>Artikli kirjutamine on selles kohas pooleli jäänud. <a class="external text" href="https://et.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Metaf%C3%BC%C3%BCsika&action=edit">Jätkamine</a> on kõigile lahkesti lubatud.</b><span class="hide-when-compact"></span><span class="hide-when-compact"></span><span class="hide-when-compact"></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vaata_ka">Vaata ka</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Metaf%C3%BC%C3%BCsika&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Muuda alaosa "Vaata ka"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Metaf%C3%BC%C3%BCsika&action=edit&section=11" title="Muuda alaosa "Vaata ka" lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r6724296">.mw-parser-output table.side-box{margin:4px 0;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output th.side-box-text,.mw-parser-output td.side-box-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.9em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output td.side-box-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output td.side-box-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output table.side-box a>img{max-width:none!important}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output table.side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output table.side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output table.side-box-left{margin-right:1em;border-collapse:collapse}}</style><table role="presentation" class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"> <tbody><tr> <td class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fail:Wikiquote-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/34px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="34" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/51px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/68px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></a></span></td> <td class="side-box-text">Tsitaadid Vikitsitaatides: <b><a href="https://et.wikiquote.org/wiki/Metaf%C3%BC%C3%BCsika" class="extiw" title="q:Metafüüsika">Metafüüsika</a></b></td></tr></tbody></table> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Metametaf%C3%BC%C3%BCsika" title="Metametafüüsika">Metametafüüsika</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Viited">Viited</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Metaf%C3%BC%C3%BCsika&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Muuda alaosa "Viited"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Metaf%C3%BC%C3%BCsika&action=edit&section=12" title="Muuda alaosa "Viited" lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r6066747">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#3a3;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eki.ee/dict/ekss/index.cgi?Q=metaf%C3%BC%C3%BCsika&F=M">"[EKSS] metafüüsika"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Vaadatud 28. november 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%5BEKSS%5D+metaf%C3%BC%C3%BCsika&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.eki.ee%2Fdict%2Fekss%2Findex.cgi%3FQ%3Dmetaf%25C3%25BC%25C3%25BCsika%26F%3DM&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fet.wikipedia.org%3AMetaf%C3%BC%C3%BCsika" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6066747"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rep.routledge.com/articles/overview/metaphysics/v-1">"Metaphysics (Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy)"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Vaadatud 28. november 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Metaphysics+%28Routledge+Encyclopedia+of+Philosophy%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rep.routledge.com%2Farticles%2Foverview%2Fmetaphysics%2Fv-1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fet.wikipedia.org%3AMetaf%C3%BC%C3%BCsika" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6066747"><cite id="CITEREFShoemaker,_Sydney.1969" class="citation book cs1">Shoemaker, Sydney. (1969). <i>"Time without change."</i>. The Journal of Philosophy 66.12. Lk 363-381.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%22Time+without+change.%22&rft.pages=363-381&rft.pub=The+Journal+of+Philosophy+66.12&rft.date=1969&rft.au=Shoemaker%2C+Sydney.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fet.wikipedia.org%3AMetaf%C3%BC%C3%BCsika" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6066747"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/qt-idind/">"Identity and Individuality in Quantum Theory, Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Vaadatud 28. november 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Identity+and+Individuality+in+Quantum+Theory%2C+Stanford+Encyclopedia+of+Philosophy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fplato.stanford.edu%2Fentries%2Fqt-idind%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fet.wikipedia.org%3AMetaf%C3%BC%C3%BCsika" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6066747"><cite id="CITEREFRonkin,_Noa" class="citation book cs1">Ronkin, Noa. <i>Early Buddhist Metaphysics: The Making of a Philosophical Tradition</i>. Lk 1.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Early+Buddhist+Metaphysics%3A+The+Making+of+a+Philosophical+Tradition&rft.pages=1&rft.au=Ronkin%2C+Noa&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fet.wikipedia.org%3AMetaf%C3%BC%C3%BCsika" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6066747"><cite id="CITEREFRonkin,_Noa" class="citation book cs1">Ronkin, Noa. <i>Early Buddhist Metaphysics: The Making of a Philosophical Tradition</i>. Lk 5.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Early+Buddhist+Metaphysics%3A+The+Making+of+a+Philosophical+Tradition&rft.pages=5&rft.au=Ronkin%2C+Noa&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fet.wikipedia.org%3AMetaf%C3%BC%C3%BCsika" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">"Marksistlik-leninlik filosoofia". <a href="/wiki/Eesti_Raamat" title="Eesti Raamat">Eesti Raamat</a> <a href="/wiki/1978" title="1978">1978</a>, lk. 17</span> </li> </ol></div></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Pärit leheküljelt "<a dir="ltr" href="https://et.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Metafüüsika&oldid=6762004">https://et.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Metafüüsika&oldid=6762004</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Eri:Kategooriad" title="Eri:Kategooriad">Kategooria</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategooria:Metaf%C3%BC%C3%BCsika" title="Kategooria:Metafüüsika">Metafüüsika</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Peidetud kategooriad: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategooria:Toimetamist_ootavad" title="Kategooria:Toimetamist ootavad">Toimetamist ootavad</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategooria:Keeletoimetamist_ootavad" title="Kategooria:Keeletoimetamist ootavad">Keeletoimetamist ootavad</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategooria:Pooleli_artiklid" title="Kategooria:Pooleli artiklid">Pooleli artiklid</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Selle lehekülje viimane muutmine: 04:32, 16. november 2024.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Tekst on kasutatav vastavalt Creative Commonsi litsentsile "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.et">Autorile viitamine + jagamine samadel tingimustel</a>"; sellele võivad lisanduda täiendavad tingimused. 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