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class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Production subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Production-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Development" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Development"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 Development </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Development-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Writing" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Writing"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2 Writing </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Writing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-New_writers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#New_writers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2.1 New writers </div> </a> <ul id="toc-New_writers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Novel_changes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Novel_changes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2.2 Novel changes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Novel_changes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Casting" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Casting"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.3 Casting </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Casting-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Design" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Design"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.4 Design </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Design-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Filming" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Filming"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.5 Filming </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Filming-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Hawaii" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hawaii"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.5.1 Hawaii </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hawaii-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-California" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#California"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.5.2 California </div> </a> <ul id="toc-California-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dinosaurs_on_screen" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dinosaurs_on_screen"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.6 Dinosaurs on screen </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dinosaurs_on_screen-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Effects" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Effects"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.6.1 Effects </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Effects-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-List" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#List"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.6.2 List </div> </a> <ul id="toc-List-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Post-production" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Post-production"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.7 Post-production </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Post-production-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Music" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Music"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Music </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Music-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Marketing" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Marketing"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Marketing </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Marketing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Release" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Release"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Release </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Release-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Release subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Release-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Theatrical" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Theatrical"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.1 Theatrical </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Theatrical-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Re-releases" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Re-releases"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.1.1 Re-releases </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Re-releases-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Home_media" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Home_media"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.2 Home media </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Home_media-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Television_premiere" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Television_premiere"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.2.1 Television premiere </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Television_premiere-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Reception" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reception"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Reception </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Reception-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Reception subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Reception-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Box_office" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Box_office"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.1 Box office </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Box_office-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Critical_response" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Critical_response"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.2 Critical response </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Critical_response-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Accolades" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Accolades"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.3 Accolades </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Accolades-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legacy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legacy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 Legacy </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Legacy-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Legacy subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Legacy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Impact" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Impact"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.1 Impact </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Impact-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Franchise" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Franchise"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.2 Franchise </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Franchise-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 References </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle References subsection </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10.1 Bibliography </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Jurassic Park (film)</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 83 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-83" aria-hidden="true" > 83 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jurassic_Park_(rolprent)" title="Jurassic Park (rolprent) – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Jurassic Park (rolprent)" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jurassic_Park" title="Jurassic Park – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Jurassic Park" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Alemannisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%82%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A9_(%D9%81%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%85)" title="الحديقة الجوراسية (فيلم) – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="الحديقة الجوراسية (فيلم)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jurassic_Park_(cinta)" title="Jurassic Park (cinta) – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Jurassic Park (cinta)" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aragonés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jurassic_Park_(pel%C3%ADcula)" title="Jurassic Park (película) – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Jurassic Park (película)" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yura_d%C3%B6vr%C3%BC_park%C4%B1_(film)" title="Yura dövrü parkı (film) – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Yura dövrü parkı (film)" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%98%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C%DA%A9_%D9%BE%D8%A7%D8%B1%DA%A9%DB%8C" title="ژوراسیک پارکی – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="ژوراسیک پارکی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">تۆرکجه</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%95_(%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%9A%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0)" title="জুরাসিক পার্ক (চলচ্চিত্র) – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="জুরাসিক পার্ক (চলচ্চিত্র)" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA_%D1%8E%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%8F%D0%B4%D1%83_(%D1%84%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BC)" title="Парк юрскага перыяду (фільм) – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Парк юрскага перыяду (фільм)" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA_(%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BC)" title="Джурасик парк (филм) – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Джурасик парк (филм)" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jurassic_Park_(film)" title="Jurassic Park (film) – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Jurassic Park (film)" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parc_Jur%C3%A0ssic" title="Parc Juràssic – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Parc Juràssic" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jurassic_Park_(pelikula)" title="Jurassic Park (pelikula) – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Jurassic Park (pelikula)" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cebuano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jursk%C3%BD_park_(film)" title="Jurský park (film) – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Jurský park (film)" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jurassic_Park_(ffilm)" title="Jurassic Park (ffilm) – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Jurassic Park (ffilm)" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jurassic_Park" title="Jurassic Park – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Jurassic Park" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jurassic_Park" title="Jurassic Park – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Jurassic Park" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jurassic_Park_(%CF%84%CE%B1%CE%B9%CE%BD%CE%AF%CE%B1)" title="Jurassic Park (ταινία) – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Jurassic Park (ταινία)" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jurassic_Park_(film)" title="Jurassic Park (film) – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="Jurassic Park (film)" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Emiliàn e rumagnòl</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parque_Jur%C3%A1sico_(pel%C3%ADcula)" title="Parque Jurásico (película) – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Parque Jurásico (película)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jurassic_Park_(filmo)" title="Jurassic Park (filmo) – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Jurassic Park (filmo)" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jurassic_Park_(filma)" title="Jurassic Park (filma) – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Jurassic Park (filma)" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%A7%D8%B1%DA%A9_%DA%98%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C%DA%A9_(%D9%81%DB%8C%D9%84%D9%85)" title="پارک ژوراسیک (فیلم) – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="پارک ژوراسیک (فیلم)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jurassic_Park" title="Jurassic Park – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Jurassic Park" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jurassic_Park_(film)" title="Jurassic Park (film) – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Jurassic Park (film)" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Frysk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jurassic_Park" title="Jurassic Park – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Jurassic Park" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parque_Xur%C3%A1sico" title="Parque Xurásico – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Parque Xurásico" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A5%AC%EB%9D%BC%EA%B8%B0_%EA%B3%B5%EC%9B%90_(%EC%98%81%ED%99%94)" title="쥬라기 공원 (영화) – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="쥬라기 공원 (영화)" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%85%D5%B8%D6%82%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%AB_%D5%A4%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%B7%D6%80%D5%BB%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%AB_%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%A3%D5%AB%D5%B6_(%D6%86%D5%AB%D5%AC%D5%B4)" title="Յուրայի դարաշրջանի այգին (ֆիլմ) – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Յուրայի դարաշրջանի այգին (ֆիլմ)" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95_(%E0%A4%AB%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE)" title="जुरासिक पार्क (फिल्म) – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="जुरासिक पार्क (फिल्म)" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jurski_park_(1993.)" title="Jurski park (1993.) – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Jurski park (1993.)" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jurassic_Park" title="Jurassic Park – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Jurassic Park" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C3%BAragar%C3%B0urinn" title="Júragarðurinn – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Júragarðurinn" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jurassic_Park_(film)" title="Jurassic Park (film) – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Jurassic Park (film)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%A7_%D7%94%D7%99%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%94_(%D7%A1%D7%A8%D7%98)" title="פארק היורה (סרט) – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="פארק היורה (סרט)" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%9C%E0%B3%81%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B8%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%8D%E2%80%8C_%E0%B2%AA%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%8D%E2%80%8C_(%E0%B2%B8%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%A8%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%AE%E0%B2%BE)" title="ಜುರಾಸಿಕ್‌ ಪಾರ್ಕ್‌ (ಸಿನಿಮಾ) – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಜುರಾಸಿಕ್‌ ಪಾರ್ಕ್‌ (ಸಿನಿಮಾ)" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target">ಕನ್ನಡ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%98%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98_%E1%83%9E%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%99%E1%83%98_(%E1%83%A4%E1%83%98%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98)" title="იურული პარკი (ფილმი) – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="იურული პარკი (ფილმი)" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AE%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%BD_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%8B" title="Юра доорунун паркы – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Юра доорунун паркы" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target">Кыргызча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jurassic_Park_(pellicula)" title="Jurassic Park (pellicula) – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Jurassic Park (pellicula)" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juras_laikmeta_parks" title="Juras laikmeta parks – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Juras laikmeta parks" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jurassic_Park" title="Jurassic Park – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Jurassic Park" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lëtzebuergesch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juros_periodo_parkas_(filmas)" title="Juros periodo parkas (filmas) – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Juros periodo parkas (filmas)" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jurassic_Park" title="Jurassic Park – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Jurassic Park" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%82_%D0%88%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Паркот Јура – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Паркот Јура" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%9C%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E2%80%8C_%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%BE%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E2%80%8C_(%E0%B4%9A%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%9A%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9A%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%82)" title="ജുറാസ്സിക്‌ പാർക്ക്‌ (ചലച്ചിത്രം) – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ജുറാസ്സിക്‌ പാർക്ക്‌ (ചലച്ചിത്രം)" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%83_%D9%BE%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%83_(%D9%81%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%85)" title="چوراسيك پارك (فيلم) – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="چوراسيك پارك (فيلم)" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C%DA%A9_%D9%BE%D8%A7%D8%B1%DA%A9" title="جوراسیک پارک – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="جوراسیک پارک" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target">مازِرونی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jurassic_Park_(filem)" title="Jurassic Park (filem) – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Jurassic Park (filem)" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D1%86%D1%8D%D1%86%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%BB%D1%8D%D0%B3_(%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE)" title="Юрийн галавын цэцэрлэг (кино) – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Юрийн галавын цэцэрлэг (кино)" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Монгол</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jurassic_Park_(film)" title="Jurassic Park (film) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Jurassic Park (film)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B8%E3%83%A5%E3%83%A9%E3%82%B7%E3%83%83%E3%82%AF%E3%83%BB%E3%83%91%E3%83%BC%E3%82%AF_(%E6%98%A0%E7%94%BB)" title="ジュラシック・パーク (映画) – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ジュラシック・パーク (映画)" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jurassic_Park_(film)" title="Jurassic Park (film) – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Jurassic Park (film)" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filmen_Jurassic_Park" title="Filmen Jurassic Park – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Filmen Jurassic Park" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jurassic_Park" title="Jurassic Park – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Jurassic Park" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%9C%E0%A9%81%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%95_%E0%A8%AA%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%95_(%E0%A8%AB%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%AE)" title="ਜੁਰਾਸਿਕ ਪਾਰਕ (ਫ਼ਿਲਮ) – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਜੁਰਾਸਿਕ ਪਾਰਕ (ਫ਼ਿਲਮ)" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B3%DA%A9_%D9%BE%D8%A7%D8%B1%DA%A9" title="جراسک پارک – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="جراسک پارک" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">پنجابی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jurassic_Park_(film)" title="Jurassic Park (film) – Picard" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Jurassic Park (film)" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="Picard" class="interlanguage-link-target">Picard</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Park_Jurajski_(film)" title="Park Jurajski (film) – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Park Jurajski (film)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jurassic_Park" title="Jurassic Park – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Jurassic Park" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jurassic_Park_(film)" title="Jurassic Park (film) – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Jurassic Park (film)" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jurassic_Park" title="Jurassic Park – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Jurassic Park" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Runa Simi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA_%D1%8E%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0_(%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BC)" title="Парк юрского периода (фильм) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Парк юрского периода (фильм)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AE%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D1%8D%D0%BC_%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Юра кэм Паарката – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Юра кэм Паарката" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target">Саха тыла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jurassic_Park_I" title="Jurassic Park I – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Jurassic Park I" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sicilianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jurassic_Park_(movie)" title="Jurassic Park (movie) – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Jurassic Park (movie)" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jursk%C3%BD_park" title="Jurský park – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Jurský park" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jurski_park_(film)" title="Jurski park (film) – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Jurski park (film)" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%A7%D8%B1%DA%A9%DB%8C_%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C%DA%A9" title="پارکی جوراسیک – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="پارکی جوراسیک" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">کوردی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA_%D0%B8%D0%B7_%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B0_%D1%98%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B5_(%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BC)" title="Парк из доба јуре (филм) – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Парк из доба јуре (филм)" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jurassic_Park" title="Jurassic Park – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" 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data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-good-star" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Good_articles*" title="This is a good article. Click here for more information."><img alt="This is a good article. Click here for more information." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/19px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/29px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/39px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">1993 film by Steven Spielberg</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the original 1993 film. For the franchise, see <a href="/wiki/Jurassic_Park" title="Jurassic Park">Jurassic Park</a>. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Jurassic_Park_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Jurassic Park (disambiguation)">Jurassic Park (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Jurassic Park 1" redirects here. For the first novel, see <a href="/wiki/Jurassic_Park_(novel)" title="Jurassic Park (novel)">Jurassic Park (novel)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vevent"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above summary" style="font-size: 125%; font-style: italic;">Jurassic Park</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Jurassic_Park_poster.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A black poster featuring a red shield with a stylized Tyrannosaurus skeleton under a plaque reading "Jurassic Park". Below is the tagline "An Adventure 65 Million Years in the Making"."><img alt="A black poster featuring a red shield with a stylized Tyrannosaurus skeleton under a plaque reading "Jurassic Park". Below is the tagline "An Adventure 65 Million Years in the Making"." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/e/e7/Jurassic_Park_poster.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="328" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="220" data-file-height="328" /></a><div class="infobox-caption">Theatrical release poster</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;">Directed by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Steven_Spielberg" title="Steven Spielberg">Steven Spielberg</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;">Screenplay by</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Crichton" title="Michael Crichton">Michael Crichton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Koepp" title="David Koepp">David Koepp</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;">Based on</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Jurassic_Park_(novel)" title="Jurassic Park (novel)">Jurassic Park</a> by Michael Crichton</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;">Produced by</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kathleen_Kennedy_(producer)" title="Kathleen Kennedy (producer)">Kathleen Kennedy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerald_R._Molen" title="Gerald R. Molen">Gerald R. Molen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;">Starring</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sam_Neill" title="Sam Neill">Sam Neill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laura_Dern" title="Laura Dern">Laura Dern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeff_Goldblum" title="Jeff Goldblum">Jeff Goldblum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Attenborough" title="Richard Attenborough">Richard Attenborough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Peck" title="Bob Peck">Bob Peck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Ferrero" title="Martin Ferrero">Martin Ferrero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BD_Wong" title="BD Wong">BD Wong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_L._Jackson" title="Samuel L. Jackson">Samuel L. Jackson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wayne_Knight" title="Wayne Knight">Wayne Knight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Mazzello" title="Joseph Mazzello">Joseph Mazzello</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ariana_Richards" title="Ariana Richards">Ariana Richards</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;">Cinematography</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Dean_Cundey" title="Dean Cundey">Dean Cundey</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;">Edited by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Michael_Kahn_(film_editor)" title="Michael Kahn (film editor)">Michael Kahn</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;">Music by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/John_Williams" title="John Williams">John Williams</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Production companies</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="vertical-align: middle;"><a href="/wiki/Universal_Pictures" title="Universal Pictures">Universal Pictures</a><a href="#cite_note-metacritic-1">[1]</a> <a href="/wiki/Amblin_Entertainment" title="Amblin Entertainment">Amblin Entertainment</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;">Distributed by</th><td class="infobox-data">Universal Pictures</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; white-space: normal;">Release dates</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist film-date"> <ul><li>June 9, 1993 (1993-06-09) (<a href="/wiki/Uptown_Theater_(Washington,_D.C.)" title="Uptown Theater (Washington, D.C.)">Uptown Theater</a>)</li> <li>June 11, 1993 (1993-06-11) (United States)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; white-space: normal;">Running time</div></th><td class="infobox-data">127 minutes<a href="#cite_note-AFI_Catalog-2">[2]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;">Country</th><td class="infobox-data">United States</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;">Language</th><td class="infobox-data">English</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;">Budget</th><td class="infobox-data">$63 million<a href="#cite_note-Mojo-3">[3]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;">Box office</th><td class="infobox-data">$1.104 billion<a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a></td></tr></tbody></table> Jurassic Park is a 1993 American <a href="/wiki/Science_fiction_action_film" class="mw-redirect" title="Science fiction action film">science fiction action film</a><a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a> directed by <a href="/wiki/Steven_Spielberg" title="Steven Spielberg">Steven Spielberg</a>, produced by <a href="/wiki/Kathleen_Kennedy_(producer)" title="Kathleen Kennedy (producer)">Kathleen Kennedy</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gerald_R._Molen" title="Gerald R. Molen">Gerald R. Molen</a>, and starring <a href="/wiki/Sam_Neill" title="Sam Neill">Sam Neill</a>, <a href="/wiki/Laura_Dern" title="Laura Dern">Laura Dern</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jeff_Goldblum" title="Jeff Goldblum">Jeff Goldblum</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Richard_Attenborough" title="Richard Attenborough">Richard Attenborough</a>. It was written by <a href="/wiki/Michael_Crichton" title="Michael Crichton">Michael Crichton</a> and <a href="/wiki/David_Koepp" title="David Koepp">David Koepp</a>, based on <a href="/wiki/Jurassic_Park_(novel)" title="Jurassic Park (novel)">Crichton's 1990 novel</a>. The film is set on the fictional island of Isla Nublar, off <a href="/wiki/Central_America" title="Central America">Central America</a>'s Pacific Coast near <a href="/wiki/Costa_Rica" title="Costa Rica">Costa Rica</a>, where wealthy businessman <a href="/wiki/John_Hammond_(Jurassic_Park)" title="John Hammond (Jurassic Park)">John Hammond</a> (Attenborough) and a team of genetic scientists have created a <a href="/wiki/Animal_theme_park" title="Animal theme park">wildlife park</a> of <a href="/wiki/De-extinction" title="De-extinction">de-extinct</a> <a href="/wiki/Dinosaur" title="Dinosaur">dinosaurs</a>. When industrial sabotage leads to a catastrophic shutdown of the park's power facilities and security precautions, a small group of visitors, including Hammond's grandchildren, struggle to survive and escape the now perilous island. Before Crichton's novel was published, four studios put in bids for its film rights. With the backing of <a href="/wiki/Universal_Pictures" title="Universal Pictures">Universal Pictures</a>, Spielberg acquired the rights for $1.5 million before its publication in 1990. Crichton was hired for an additional $500,000 to adapt the novel for the screen. Koepp wrote the final draft, which left out much of the novel's exposition and violence, while making numerous changes to the characters. Filming took place in California and Hawaii from August to November 1992, and post-production lasted until May 1993, supervised by Spielberg in Poland as he filmed <a href="/wiki/Schindler%27s_List" title="Schindler's List">Schindler's List</a>. The dinosaurs were created with groundbreaking <a href="/wiki/Computer-generated_imagery" title="Computer-generated imagery">computer-generated imagery</a> by <a href="/wiki/Industrial_Light_%26_Magic" title="Industrial Light & Magic">Industrial Light & Magic</a>, and with life-sized <a href="/wiki/Animatronic" class="mw-redirect" title="Animatronic">animatronic</a> dinosaurs built by <a href="/wiki/Stan_Winston" title="Stan Winston">Stan Winston</a>'s team. To showcase the film's sound design, which included a mixture of various animal noises for the dinosaur sounds, Spielberg invested in the creation of <a href="/wiki/DTS,_Inc." title="DTS, Inc.">DTS</a>, a company specializing in digital <a href="/wiki/Surround_sound" title="Surround sound">surround sound</a> formats. The film was backed by an extensive $65 million marketing campaign, which included licensing deals with over 100 companies. Jurassic Park premiered on June 9, 1993, at the <a href="/wiki/Uptown_Theater_(Washington,_D.C.)" title="Uptown Theater (Washington, D.C.)">Uptown Theater</a> in Washington, D.C., and was released on June 11 in the United States. It was a <a href="/wiki/Blockbuster_(entertainment)" title="Blockbuster (entertainment)">blockbuster</a> hit and went on to gross over $914 million worldwide in its original theatrical run,<a href="#cite_note-original_release-6">[6]</a> surpassing Spielberg's own <a href="/wiki/E.T._the_Extra-Terrestrial" title="E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial">E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial</a> to become <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_highest-grossing_films" class="mw-redirect" title="Timeline of highest-grossing films">the highest-grossing film of all time</a> until the release of <a href="/wiki/Titanic_(1997_film)" title="Titanic (1997 film)">Titanic</a> in 1997.<a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a> It also remains the highest-grossing film directed by Spielberg to date. The film was also a critical success, with praise directed at its special effects, sound design, action sequences, <a href="/wiki/John_Williams" title="John Williams">John Williams</a>'s score, and Spielberg's direction.<a href="#cite_note-Rotten-8">[8]</a> The film won over 20 awards, including three <a href="/wiki/Academy_Awards" title="Academy Awards">Academy Awards</a> for technical achievements in visual effects and sound design. Following its 20th anniversary re-release in 2013, Jurassic Park became the oldest film in history to surpass $1 billion in ticket sales and the 17th overall. In the years since its release, film critics and industry professionals have often cited Jurassic Park as one of the greatest movies in history. Its pioneering use of computer-generated imagery is considered to have paved the way for the visual effects practices of modern cinema. In 2018, it was selected for preservation in the United States <a href="/wiki/National_Film_Registry" title="National Film Registry">National Film Registry</a> by the <a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress" title="Library of Congress">Library of Congress</a> as "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant". The film spawned <a href="/wiki/Jurassic_Park" title="Jurassic Park">a multimedia franchise</a> that includes six sequels, <a href="/wiki/Jurassic_Park_video_games" title="Jurassic Park video games">video games</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jurassic_Park#Attractions" title="Jurassic Park">theme park attractions</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jurassic_Park#Comics" title="Jurassic Park">comic books</a> and various merchandise. <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Plot">Plot</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Jurassic_Park_(film)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Plot">edit</a>]</div> <a href="/wiki/Industrialist" class="mw-redirect" title="Industrialist">Industrialist</a> John Hammond has created Jurassic Park, an <a href="/wiki/Animal_theme_park" title="Animal theme park">animal theme park</a> of <a href="/wiki/Cloning" title="Cloning">cloned</a> <a href="/wiki/Dinosaurs" class="mw-redirect" title="Dinosaurs">dinosaurs</a>, on the island of Isla Nublar, near the coast of <a href="/wiki/Costa_Rica" title="Costa Rica">Costa Rica</a>. After a <a href="/wiki/Velociraptor" title="Velociraptor">Velociraptor</a> kills a handler, the park's investors, represented by lawyer Donald Gennaro, demand a safety certification. Gennaro invites <a href="/wiki/Chaos_theory" title="Chaos theory">chaotician</a> <a href="/wiki/Ian_Malcolm_(character)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ian Malcolm (character)">Ian Malcolm</a>, and Hammond invites <a href="/wiki/Paleontologist" class="mw-redirect" title="Paleontologist">paleontologist</a> <a href="/wiki/Alan_Grant_(character)" class="mw-redirect" title="Alan Grant (character)">Alan Grant</a> and <a href="/wiki/Paleobotanist" class="mw-redirect" title="Paleobotanist">paleobotanist</a> <a href="/wiki/Ellie_Sattler" title="Ellie Sattler">Ellie Sattler</a>. Upon arrival, the group is shocked to see living <a href="/wiki/Brachiosaurus" title="Brachiosaurus">Brachiosaurus</a> and <a href="/wiki/Parasaurolophus" title="Parasaurolophus">Parasaurolophus</a>. At the park's visitor center, the group learns that the cloning was accomplished by extracting <a href="/wiki/Ancient_DNA" title="Ancient DNA">dinosaur DNA</a> from prehistoric <a href="/wiki/Mosquito" title="Mosquito">mosquitoes</a> preserved in <a href="/wiki/Amber" title="Amber">amber</a>. DNA from <a href="/wiki/Frog" title="Frog">frogs</a>, among other animals, was used to fill in gaps in the dinosaurs' <a href="/wiki/Genome" title="Genome">genome</a>. To prevent breeding, the dinosaurs were made female by direct <a href="/wiki/Chromosome" title="Chromosome">chromosome</a> manipulation. The group witnesses the hatching of a baby Velociraptor and visits the raptor enclosure. During lunch, the group debates the <a href="/wiki/Ethics_of_cloning" title="Ethics of cloning">ethics of cloning</a> and the park's creation. Malcolm warns of the implications of <a href="/wiki/Genetic_engineering" title="Genetic engineering">genetic engineering</a> while Grant and Sattler express uncertainty over the ability of humans and dinosaurs to coexist. Hammond's grandchildren, Lex and Tim, join the others for a park tour while Hammond oversees them from the control room. Most of the dinosaurs fail to appear, and the group encounters a sick <a href="/wiki/Triceratops" title="Triceratops">Triceratops</a>. The tour is cut short as a <a href="/wiki/Tropical_cyclone" title="Tropical cyclone">tropical storm</a> approaches. The park employees leave for the mainland on a boat while the visitors return to their railed-electric tour vehicles, except Sattler, who stays behind with the park's veterinarian, Doctor Harding, to study the Triceratops. Jurassic Park's disgruntled lead computer programmer, Dennis Nedry, was previously bribed by Lewis Dodgson, a man working for Hammond's corporate rival, to steal frozen dinosaur <a href="/wiki/Embryo" title="Embryo">embryos</a>. He deactivates the park's security system to access the embryo storage room and stores them inside a container disguised as a <a href="/wiki/Barbasol" title="Barbasol">Barbasol</a> <a href="/wiki/Shaving_cream" title="Shaving cream">shaving cream</a> can. Nedry's sabotage cuts power to the tour vehicles, stranding them as they near the park's <a href="/wiki/Tyrannosaurus" title="Tyrannosaurus">Tyrannosaurus rex</a> paddock. Most of the park's electric fences have also been deactivated, allowing the <a href="/wiki/Rexy" title="Rexy">Tyrannosaurus</a> to escape and attack the group. After the Tyrannosaurus overturns a tour vehicle, it injures Malcolm and devours Gennaro while Grant, Lex, and Tim escape. On his way to deliver the embryos to the island's docks, Nedry gets lost in the rain, crashes his <a href="/wiki/Jeep_Wrangler" title="Jeep Wrangler">Jeep Wrangler</a> and is killed by a venom-spitting <a href="/wiki/Dilophosaurus" title="Dilophosaurus">Dilophosaurus</a>. Sattler helps the game warden Robert Muldoon search for survivors; they find Malcolm just before the Tyrannosaurus returns and chases them away. Grant, Tim, and Lex take shelter in a treetop and encounter a Brachiosaurus herd. Back at the visitor center, Sattler convinces Hammond not to recreate the park, as his vision is beyond human control. Grant and the kids discover the broken shells of dinosaur eggs the following morning. Grant concludes that the dinosaurs are breeding, which is possible because of <a href="/wiki/Amphibian" title="Amphibian">amphibian</a> DNA—animals like <a href="/wiki/Common_reed_frog" title="Common reed frog">West African frogs</a> can <a href="/wiki/Sequential_hermaphroditism" title="Sequential hermaphroditism">change their sex</a> in a single-sex environment, enabling the dinosaurs to breed. The three later encounter a <a href="/wiki/Gallimimus" title="Gallimimus">Gallimimus</a> stampede being hunted by the Tyrannosaurus. Unable to decipher Nedry's code to reactivate the security system, Hammond and chief engineer Ray Arnold decide to reboot the park's systems. The group shuts down the park's power grid and retreats to an emergency bunker while Arnold heads to a maintenance shed to complete the rebooting process. When Arnold fails to return, Sattler and Muldoon head over, discovering the shutdown has released the Velociraptors. Muldoon distracts two of them while Sattler turns the power back on before being attacked by the third and discovering Arnold's severed arm. At the same time, Muldoon is caught off-guard and killed by a Velociraptor. Grant, Tim, and Lex reach the visitor center. Grant heads out to look for Sattler, leaving Tim and Lex inside. The raptors appear and pursue Tim and Lex throughout a kitchen, but they escape, locking one in a freezer before joining Grant and Sattler. The group reaches the control room, and Lex restores the park's systems, allowing them to contact Hammond, who calls for help. As they try to leave, they are cornered by the two remaining raptors, but the Tyrannosaurus appears and dispatches them while the group flees. Hammond arrives in a jeep with Malcolm and they board a helicopter to leave the island. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cast">Cast</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Jurassic_Park_(film)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Cast">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_Jurassic_Park_characters" title="List of Jurassic Park characters">List of Jurassic Park characters</a></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sam_Neill" title="Sam Neill">Sam Neill</a> as <a href="/wiki/Alan_Grant_(Jurassic_Park)" title="Alan Grant (Jurassic Park)">Alan Grant</a>: A <a href="/wiki/Paleontologist" class="mw-redirect" title="Paleontologist">paleontologist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laura_Dern" title="Laura Dern">Laura Dern</a> as <a href="/wiki/Ellie_Sattler" title="Ellie Sattler">Ellie Sattler</a>: A <a href="/wiki/Paleobotanist" class="mw-redirect" title="Paleobotanist">paleobotanist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeff_Goldblum" title="Jeff Goldblum">Jeff Goldblum</a> as <a href="/wiki/Ian_Malcolm_(Jurassic_Park)" title="Ian Malcolm (Jurassic Park)">Ian Malcolm</a>: A <a href="/wiki/Mathematician" title="Mathematician">mathematician</a> and <a href="/wiki/Chaos_theory" title="Chaos theory">chaos theorist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Attenborough" title="Richard Attenborough">Richard Attenborough</a> as <a href="/wiki/John_Hammond_(Jurassic_Park)" title="John Hammond (Jurassic Park)">John Hammond</a>: CEO and founder of <a href="/wiki/InGen" class="mw-redirect" title="InGen">InGen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Peck" title="Bob Peck">Bob Peck</a> as <a href="/wiki/Robert_Muldoon_(fictional_character)" class="mw-redirect" title="Robert Muldoon (fictional character)">Robert Muldoon</a>: Jurassic Park's game warden</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Ferrero" title="Martin Ferrero">Martin Ferrero</a> as <a href="/wiki/Donald_Gennaro" class="mw-redirect" title="Donald Gennaro">Donald Gennaro</a>: A lawyer representing Hammond's investors who are concerned about the safety of Jurassic Park</li> <li><a href="/wiki/BD_Wong" title="BD Wong">B.D. Wong</a> as <a href="/wiki/Henry_Wu_(Jurassic_Park)" title="Henry Wu (Jurassic Park)">Henry Wu</a>: Jurassic Park's chief geneticist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Mazzello" title="Joseph Mazzello">Joseph Mazzello</a> as <a href="/wiki/List_of_Jurassic_Park_characters#Tim_Murphy" title="List of Jurassic Park characters">Tim Murphy</a>: Lex's younger brother and Hammond's grandson</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ariana_Richards" title="Ariana Richards">Ariana Richards</a> as <a href="/wiki/List_of_Jurassic_Park_characters#Lex_Murphy" title="List of Jurassic Park characters">Lex Murphy</a>: Tim's older sister and Hammond's granddaughter</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_L._Jackson" title="Samuel L. Jackson">Samuel L. Jackson</a> as <a href="/wiki/Ray_Arnold" class="mw-redirect" title="Ray Arnold">Ray Arnold</a>: Jurassic Park chief engineer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wayne_Knight" title="Wayne Knight">Wayne Knight</a> as <a href="/wiki/Dennis_Nedry" class="mw-redirect" title="Dennis Nedry">Dennis Nedry</a>: Jurassic Park computer programmer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerald_R._Molen" title="Gerald R. Molen">Jerry Molen</a> as <a href="/wiki/List_of_Jurassic_Park_characters#Dr._Harding" title="List of Jurassic Park characters">Doctor Harding</a>: Jurassic Park veterinarian</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miguel_Sandoval" title="Miguel Sandoval">Miguel Sandoval</a> as Juanito Rostagno</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cameron_Thor" title="Cameron Thor">Cameron Thor</a> as <a href="/wiki/List_of_Jurassic_Park_characters#Lewis_Dodgson" title="List of Jurassic Park characters">Lewis Dodgson</a>: An employee working for InGen's corporate rival, identified in the novel and later in the sequel films as <a href="/wiki/Biosyn" class="mw-redirect" title="Biosyn">Biosyn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whit_Hertford" title="Whit Hertford">Whit Hertford</a> as Volunteer Boy</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greg_Burson" title="Greg Burson">Greg Burson</a> as the voice of <a href="/wiki/Mr._DNA" class="mw-redirect" title="Mr. DNA">Mr. DNA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Kiley" title="Richard Kiley">Richard Kiley</a> as the voice of the Jurassic Park tour vehicle guide</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Production">Production</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Jurassic_Park_(film)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Production">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Development">Development</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Jurassic_Park_(film)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Development">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1273380762/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:282px;max-width:282px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:139px;max-width:139px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:179px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:MichaelCrichton_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/MichaelCrichton_2.jpg/137px-MichaelCrichton_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="137" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/MichaelCrichton_2.jpg/206px-MichaelCrichton_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/MichaelCrichton_2.jpg/274px-MichaelCrichton_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="701" data-file-height="919" /></a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:135px;max-width:135px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:179px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Steven_Spielberg_by_Gage_Skidmore.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Steven_Spielberg_by_Gage_Skidmore.jpg/133px-Steven_Spielberg_by_Gage_Skidmore.jpg" decoding="async" width="133" height="179" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Steven_Spielberg_by_Gage_Skidmore.jpg/200px-Steven_Spielberg_by_Gage_Skidmore.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Steven_Spielberg_by_Gage_Skidmore.jpg/266px-Steven_Spielberg_by_Gage_Skidmore.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2416" data-file-height="3248" /></a></div></div></div><div class="trow" style="display:flex"><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/Michael_Crichton" title="Michael Crichton">Michael Crichton</a>'s book attracted the attention of director <a href="/wiki/Steven_Spielberg" title="Steven Spielberg">Steven Spielberg</a> (right) even before it was published. The author was also responsible for the film's first scripts.</div></div></div></div> <a href="/wiki/Michael_Crichton" title="Michael Crichton">Michael Crichton</a>'s 1990 novel <a href="/wiki/Jurassic_Park_(novel)" title="Jurassic Park (novel)">Jurassic Park</a> was originally conceived as a screenplay in the 1980s, and went through numerous changes before being published as a book.<a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a><a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a> In the late 1970s, a bidding war began for the film rights to Crichton's then-upcoming novel <a href="/wiki/Congo_(novel)" title="Congo (novel)">Congo</a>, which had yet to be made into a film as of 1990. With Jurassic Park, Crichton hoped to avoid another bidding war and the same outcome by offering the film rights at a fixed price of $1.5 million, as he was primarily concerned with ensuring that a film actually be produced; he was less interested in receiving a top offer.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShay_&_Duncan19936-11">[11]</a> Crichton submitted the Jurassic Park <a href="/wiki/Manuscript" title="Manuscript">manuscript</a> to his publisher in May 1990. Director <a href="/wiki/Steven_Spielberg" title="Steven Spielberg">Steven Spielberg</a> learned of the novel that month while he was discussing a screenplay with Crichton that would become the television series <a href="/wiki/ER_(TV_series)" title="ER (TV series)">ER</a>. Spielberg had a life-long fascination with dinosaurs and expressed interest in Jurassic Park. After reading the <a href="/wiki/Galley_proof" title="Galley proof">galleys</a>, he committed to direct the film adaptation.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShay_&_Duncan19936–7-12">[12]</a> He liked the novel's sense of adventure and its scientific explanation for dinosaur resurrection,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShay_&_Duncan199312-13">[13]</a> saying it provided "a really credible look at how dinosaurs might someday be brought back alongside modern mankind".<a href="#cite_note-dawn-14">[14]</a> Crichton was represented by an agent at <a href="/wiki/Creative_Artists_Agency" title="Creative Artists Agency">Creative Artists Agency</a>. Spielberg recalled that "the agency got ahold of it; and they, of course, encouraged a bidding war, even though Michael had kind of promised me the book privately."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShay_&_Duncan19936–7-12">[12]</a> Major studios bid for the film rights, each with a director in mind. This included <a href="/wiki/Warner_Bros." title="Warner Bros.">Warner Bros.</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tim_Burton" title="Tim Burton">Tim Burton</a>, <a href="/wiki/Columbia_Pictures" title="Columbia Pictures">Columbia Pictures</a> and <a href="/wiki/Richard_Donner" title="Richard Donner">Richard Donner</a>, and <a href="/wiki/20th_Century_Fox" class="mw-redirect" title="20th Century Fox">20th Century Fox</a> and <a href="/wiki/Joe_Dante" title="Joe Dante">Joe Dante</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcBride1997416–9-15">[15]</a> Crichton spoke with each director and endorsed Spielberg as the most likely candidate to get the film made, noting it would be "a very difficult picture" and calling Spielberg "arguably the most experienced and most successful director of these kinds of movies".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShay_&_Duncan19937–8-16">[16]</a> <a href="/wiki/Universal_Pictures" title="Universal Pictures">Universal Pictures</a>, also backing Spielberg as director, acquired the rights in May 1990,<a href="#cite_note-Production_notes-17">[17]</a><a href="#cite_note-18">[18]</a> less than a week after they were offered for sale and six months before the novel's publication.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShay_&_Duncan19931,_7-19">[19]</a> <a href="/wiki/James_Cameron" title="James Cameron">James Cameron</a> revealed in 2012 he tried to get the rights, only to discover that Spielberg acquired them a few hours prior.<a href="#cite_note-20">[20]</a> Cameron said his version of Jurassic Park would have been "much nastier", comparing it with his 1986 film <a href="/wiki/Aliens_(film)" title="Aliens (film)">Aliens</a>. He realized he was not the right director for Jurassic Park after seeing the finished product, commending Spielberg for making a film which could be enjoyed by children.<a href="#cite_note-21">[21]</a> Dante also praised it, but disagreed with Spielberg's decision to make Hammond more of a protagonist, a departure from the novel.<a href="#cite_note-22">[22]</a> <a href="/wiki/Storyboard" title="Storyboard">Storyboards</a> and sketches were already being produced weeks after the rights were acquired.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShay_&_Duncan19939-23">[23]</a> Because of the island setting and abundance of dinosaurs, Spielberg believed it would be advantageous to hire a production designer as soon as possible, choosing <a href="/wiki/Rick_Carter" title="Rick Carter">Rick Carter</a> about two years before the start of filming. They read the galleys and held many meetings to discuss which scenes would work best in the film adaptation.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShay_&_Duncan199311-12-24">[24]</a> Spielberg said that with Jurassic Park, he "was really just trying to make a good sequel to <a href="/wiki/Jaws_(film)" title="Jaws (film)">Jaws</a>, on land."<a href="#cite_note-25">[25]</a> He was also heavily inspired by the 1933 film <a href="/wiki/King_Kong_(1933)" class="mw-redirect" title="King Kong (1933)">King Kong</a>,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMottram202117-26">[26]</a> calling it the "high-water mark" for special effects and for imagining "what it would be like to do a King Kong of today."<a href="#cite_note-Earl_doc-27">[27]</a> He cited the 1962 film <a href="/wiki/Hatari!" title="Hatari!">Hatari!</a> as another inspiration, calling it "the high-water mark of man versus the natural in a feature film."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShay_&_Duncan199316-28">[28]</a> Spielberg described the 1956 film <a href="/wiki/Godzilla,_King_of_the_Monsters!" title="Godzilla, King of the Monsters!">Godzilla, King of the Monsters!</a> as the most masterful dinosaur film of his youth, because it made him and viewers believe it was really happening.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERyfle199815,_17-29">[29]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShay_&_Duncan199315-30">[30]</a> Although he did not set out to make a dinosaur film better than any others, he did want Jurassic Park to be "the most realistic of them all."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShay_&_Duncan199315-30">[30]</a> It eventually became clear to Spielberg that Jurassic Park would require more time in development, in order to determine <a href="#Effects">the effects needed to create the dinosaurs</a>. He shifted focus to his 1991 film <a href="/wiki/Hook_(film)" title="Hook (film)">Hook</a>, while continuing to monitor progress on Jurassic Park, including script revisions. The art department went on an eight-month hiatus from Jurassic Park to work on <a href="/wiki/Death_Becomes_Her" title="Death Becomes Her">Death Becomes Her</a>, another Universal film.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShay_&_Duncan199323–24-31">[31]</a> After completing Hook, Spielberg wanted <a href="/wiki/Schindler%27s_List" title="Schindler's List">Schindler's List</a> to be his next film. <a href="/wiki/Sid_Sheinberg" class="mw-redirect" title="Sid Sheinberg">Sid Sheinberg</a>, president of <a href="/wiki/Music_Corporation_of_America" class="mw-redirect" title="Music Corporation of America">Music Corporation of America</a> (Universal's parent company at the time) gave the <a href="/wiki/Greenlight" title="Greenlight">greenlight</a> to Schindler's List on the condition that Spielberg make Jurassic Park first.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcBride1997416–9-15">[15]</a> Set designs began to be finalized in January 1992; a hotel was among locations at the fictional park that would be cut from the film.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShay_&_Duncan199342–43-32">[32]</a> <a href="/wiki/Kathleen_Kennedy_(producer)" title="Kathleen Kennedy (producer)">Kathleen Kennedy</a>, who co-founded <a href="/wiki/Amblin_Entertainment" title="Amblin Entertainment">Amblin Entertainment</a> with Spielberg, would serve as a producer on Jurassic Park alongside <a href="/wiki/Gerald_R._Molen" title="Gerald R. Molen">Gerald Molen</a>, who had worked with Amblin in the past.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShay_&_Duncan199310-33">[33]</a> Kennedy handled the creative aspects of the project, while Molen managed production-related elements.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShay_&_Duncan199367-34">[34]</a> <a href="/wiki/Dean_Cundey" title="Dean Cundey">Dean Cundey</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Cinematographer" title="Cinematographer">cinematographer</a> for Hook, would rejoin Spielberg for Jurassic Park, signing on to the project relatively late in <a href="/wiki/Pre-production" title="Pre-production">pre-production</a>. However, he had followed the film's progress through an association with Carter;<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShay_&_Duncan199368-35">[35]</a> both had worked on Death Becomes Her.<a href="#cite_note-36">[36]</a> Cundey described his cinematography as "a realistic, crisp, color-saturated look," aligning with Spielberg's vision for the film.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShay_&_Duncan199368-35">[35]</a> <a href="/wiki/Michael_Kahn_(film_editor)" title="Michael Kahn (film editor)">Michael Kahn</a>, Spielberg's longtime <a href="/wiki/Film_editor" class="mw-redirect" title="Film editor">film editor</a>, would also return for Jurassic Park.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShay_&_Duncan199359-37">[37]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Writing">Writing</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Jurassic_Park_(film)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Writing">edit</a>]</div> Crichton had mixed feelings about being offered a further $500,000 to write the film adaptation: "I was so tired of the whole area that I didn't really want to do the screenplay. I was sick of Malcolm and I was sick of Grant–and I was even sick of the dinosaurs. But I really felt that I knew the dimensions of the story." Crichton recognized that, by writing the screenplay himself, the project could avoid the same issues he experienced while developing the novel.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShay_&_Duncan19938–9-38">[38]</a> Before writing the film, he met several times with Spielberg to discuss which aspects of the book he liked and disliked. Crichton completed his first draft later in 1990, but said "nobody was happy with it at all"; the draft skipped ahead to action rather than building up to it, as in the novel. At Spielberg's suggestion, Crichton rewrote the script in 40-page increments, with the first batch being better received. Crichton was aided by existing storyboards and sketches as he continued to rework the script, with the remaining 80 pages completed in early 1991.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShay_&_Duncan19939–10-39">[39]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="New_writers">New writers</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Jurassic_Park_(film)&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: New writers">edit</a>]</div> Crichton had agreed only to write a preliminary version of the film: "I told Steven, 'I'll do a draft for you and cut it down to budgetable size; but then you're going to want somebody else to polish the characters.' I think that sort of surprised him, because writers never say, 'Get somebody else.'"<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShay_&_Duncan19939-23">[23]</a> Crichton finished his draft as Spielberg was filming Hook, the latter co-written by <a href="/wiki/Malia_Scotch_Marmo" title="Malia Scotch Marmo">Malia Scotch Marmo</a> and produced by Kennedy. While on the set of Hook, Scotch Marmo was reading the Jurassic Park novel and learned from Kennedy about the film adaptation, accepting an offer to work on its screenplay. Scotch Marmo began writing Jurassic Park in October 1991. She chose to start from scratch, with the novel as her basis, although she did read Crichton's screenplay and consulted with him. Spielberg also agreed to provide her with his own copy of the novel, which contained highlighted aspects of the book that he enjoyed. In addition, she looked at the numerous storyboards produced up to that point.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShay_&_Duncan199339–40-40">[40]</a> Scotch Marmo focused on building up the characters "to give them more life and more purpose" than in Crichton's novel and screenplay. She removed Malcolm from the story and tried to incorporate his characteristics into Grant, whom she found to be underdeveloped. She also sought to emphasis the major themes of the novel, specifically the "fatal flaw of trying to control nature," for instance by showing jungle vegetation creeping into the park's unfinished visitor center: "The idea was that nature was always in the way, always pushing hard against the intrusion."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShay_&_Duncan199340–42-41">[41]</a> In the novel, Hammond is killed by a group of <a href="/wiki/Procompsognathus" title="Procompsognathus">Procompsognathus</a>. Crichton's draft had also included a death scene, with Hammond killed by a <a href="/wiki/Velociraptor" title="Velociraptor">Velociraptor</a> at the visitor center.<a href="#cite_note-42">[42]</a> In Scotch Marmo's draft, Hammond would choose to stay behind on <a href="/wiki/Isla_Nublar" class="mw-redirect" title="Isla Nublar">Isla Nublar</a>, and the other characters would escape after surviving a <a href="/wiki/T._rex" class="mw-redirect" title="T. rex">T. rex</a> attack on their helicopter.<a href="#cite_note-43">[43]</a><a href="#cite_note-44">[44]</a> Scotch Marmo spent five months writing her draft and worked closely with Spielberg, noting that their collaboration was unlike most films in which writers "get an assignment, go home, write it and turn it in." She would send him 15 pages at a time, and then would rework them to his liking, sending the revised pages back along with the next 15.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShay_&_Duncan199341-45">[45]</a> She completed her draft in March 1992; Spielberg read it twice and was dissatisfied. She recalled later, "As a writer, that's a terrible feeling. The natural urge is to say: 'Give me another week. I can work it out. I know I can.' But the truth is, sometimes you do hit and sometimes you miss. It's just a shame that it takes so long to find out."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShay_&_Duncan199353–54-46">[46]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:DK_2022_photo_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/DK_2022_photo_2.jpg/170px-DK_2022_photo_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="256" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/DK_2022_photo_2.jpg/255px-DK_2022_photo_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/DK_2022_photo_2.jpg/340px-DK_2022_photo_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1516" data-file-height="2280" /></a><figcaption>The final drafts of Jurassic Park were written by <a href="/wiki/David_Koepp" title="David Koepp">David Koepp</a>, seen in 2022</figcaption></figure> Spielberg immediately began searching for a new writer,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShay_&_Duncan199354-47">[47]</a> and Universal president <a href="/wiki/Casey_Silver" title="Casey Silver">Casey Silver</a> recommended <a href="/wiki/David_Koepp" title="David Koepp">David Koepp</a>, who co-wrote Death Becomes Her.<a href="#cite_note-48">[48]</a><a href="#cite_note-49">[49]</a> Koepp had not read the novel, but quickly obtained a copy, and later discussed the book with Spielberg. Koepp disliked doing rewrites because "it's very hard to get into the mind of somebody else and try to follow what they were doing." Spielberg told Koepp he could start from scratch, allowing his own ideas to fully develop. He read through the novel four times before he began writing the screenplay, and chose not to read the earlier drafts until he finished his own. Two sequences from the novel were mandated: the T. rex attack on a tour vehicle, and the raptors in the kitchen. Otherwise, Koepp was generally allowed to make his own creative choices.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShay_&_Duncan199354–55-50">[50]</a> Koepp found it difficult to condense the novel's scientific exposition, especially the dialogue that explains how the dinosaurs were created. Spielberg devised an idea to easily convey the cloning process through a short, animated film shown to the park visitors. Koepp named the film's cartoon narrator "<a href="/wiki/Mr._DNA" class="mw-redirect" title="Mr. DNA">Mr. DNA</a>", after Spielberg jokingly referred to the character as such.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShay_&_Duncan199356-51">[51]</a> Like Scotch Marmo, Koepp also sought to flesh out the characters of the novel while merging Malcolm's traits into Grant,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShay_&_Duncan199356-51">[51]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMottram202160-52">[52]</a> finding the former character too difficult to write: "I told Steven before I started, 'That guy's gotta go. [...] He's just talking for pages at a time about esoteric scientific concepts'."<a href="#cite_note-Koepp2023-53">[53]</a> After Koepp finished his first draft, Spielberg sent it to Scotch Marmo for her opinion, and she replied with 12 pages of input; these were forwarded to Koepp, who found them helpful. He continued to work closely with Spielberg and with additional feedback from Scotch Marmo.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShay_&_Duncan199362-54">[54]</a> Malcolm was written in at Spielberg's insistence, after <a href="/wiki/Jeff_Goldblum" title="Jeff Goldblum">Jeff Goldblum</a> auditioned for the film and was deemed perfect for the role.<a href="#cite_note-Koepp2023-53">[53]</a> Koepp tried to make the characters interesting, with moments such as Malcolm flirting with Sattler, leading to Grant's jealousy.<a href="#cite_note-dawn-14">[14]</a> He also tried to avoid excessive character detail because "whenever they started talking about their personal lives, you couldn't care less."<a href="#cite_note-55">[55]</a> Spielberg suggested modifying a scene so that the T. rex pursues characters in a Jeep; originally, it only depicted them driving away after hearing the dinosaur's footsteps.<a href="#cite_note-56">[56]</a> Rewrites continued until just before the start of filming.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShay_&_Duncan199362-54">[54]</a> Crichton noted that the final draft differed drastically from his earlier script, but praised the changes and said the new screenplay "seems very compatible with my way of thinking—it fits in my mind."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShay_&_Duncan199365-57">[57]</a> Scotch Marmo did not receive credit for her work.<a href="#cite_note-McBride-58">[58]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Novel_changes">Novel changes</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Jurassic_Park_(film)&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Novel changes">edit</a>]</div> Crichton said that because the novel was "fairly long,"<a href="#cite_note-Cinef-59">[59]</a> at nearly 400 pages,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShay_&_Duncan199354-47">[47]</a> the film adaptation would only have about 10-20% of its content; scenes were dropped for budgetary and practical reasons, and the violence was toned down.<a href="#cite_note-Cinef-59">[59]</a> Spielberg said, "What I wanted to do was boil the book down and choose my seven or eight favorite scenes and base the script around those." In a departure from the novel, Spielberg sought to reduce the number of dinosaurs, believing it would not be "physically possible" to make the film otherwise.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShay_&_Duncan199312-13">[13]</a> Koepp said the novel was written "more or less like a movie," making it one of the easier book-to-film adaptations he had worked on. He said that, like with any adaptation, the most difficult part of his writing assignment was to determine the overall structure of the story.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShay_&_Duncan199354-47">[47]</a> Spielberg removed an early scene in the novel, in which Procompsognathus kill a baby, as he found it too horrific.<a href="#cite_note-60">[60]</a> Another scene set in a <a href="/wiki/Pterosaur" title="Pterosaur">pterosaur</a> aviary was also removed, as it did not move the plot along.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShay_&_Duncan199314-61">[61]</a> A major sequence, present in the novel and the two earlier screenplays, involved the T. rex chasing Grant and Hammond's grandchildren in a raft down a river. Koepp chose not to include this in his script: "I never wanted the raft sequence. It seemed to me that at certain points in the book we were being taken on sort of an obligatory tour past every dinosaur the park had to offer." He said the omission was an easy choice, calling the sequence redundant and noting that it would have been "monstrously expensive" to shoot.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShay_&_Duncan199355-62">[62]</a><a href="#cite_note-63">[63]</a> Novel scenes that were cut from the film adaptation would gradually be included in sequels,<a href="#cite_note-64">[64]</a><a href="#cite_note-65">[65]</a> with the raft sequence being featured in the 2025 film <a href="/wiki/Jurassic_World_Rebirth" title="Jurassic World Rebirth">Jurassic World Rebirth</a>.<a href="#cite_note-66">[66]</a> Several characters were modified for the film. Originally a ruthless and greedy businessman in the novel, Hammond was rewritten to be sympathetic, as Spielberg related to the character's obsession with showmanship.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcBride1997421–422-67">[67]</a> The ages of Tim and Lex were switched; Spielberg did this because he wanted to work with the younger <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Mazzello" title="Joseph Mazzello">Joseph Mazzello</a>, and it allowed him to introduce the subplot of Lex's adolescent crush on Grant. For the film, Lex would also take on Tim's interest in computers.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShay_&_Duncan199372–73-68">[68]</a> In another change, Grant and Sattler are made a couple for the film, adding subtle romance.<a href="#cite_note-BiggestMovie-69">[69]</a> Koepp changed Grant's relationship with the children, making him initially hostile to them to allow for more character development.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcBride1997416–9-15">[15]</a> This is partly reflected through his relationship with Sattler, who wants them to have children of their own.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShay_&_Duncan199357,_72-70">[70]</a> Removed from the film was <a href="/wiki/List_of_Jurassic_Park_characters#Ed_Regis" title="List of Jurassic Park characters">Ed Regis</a>, the park's public relations chief, whose cowardly traits were merged into Donald Gennaro.<a href="#cite_note-71">[71]</a> Several other characters were reduced to one scene each, including Henry Wu,<a href="#cite_note-Wong15-72">[72]</a> Dr. Harding,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMottram202161-73">[73]</a> and Dodgson.<a href="#cite_note-empire-74">[74]</a> The name of InGen's corporate rival and Dodgson's employer, <a href="/wiki/Biosyn" class="mw-redirect" title="Biosyn">Biosyn</a>, is also omitted.<a href="#cite_note-75">[75]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Casting">Casting</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Jurassic_Park_(film)&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Casting">edit</a>]</div> Because much of the film's budget was going toward its dinosaur effects, Spielberg sought to cast relatively unknown actors, saying further: "Basically, I wanted good, solid actors who weren't going to charge outrageous prices. I didn't want to spend three to five million dollars apiece on actors".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShay_&_Duncan199359–60-76">[76]</a> <a href="/wiki/Kurt_Russell" title="Kurt Russell">Kurt Russell</a> and <a href="/wiki/Richard_Dreyfuss" title="Richard Dreyfuss">Richard Dreyfuss</a> were considered for the role of Alan Grant, but were deemed too expensive.<a href="#cite_note-77">[77]</a> <a href="/wiki/William_Hurt" title="William Hurt">William Hurt</a>,<a href="#cite_note-78">[78]</a> <a href="/wiki/Harrison_Ford" title="Harrison Ford">Harrison Ford</a>,<a href="#cite_note-79">[79]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tim_Robbins" title="Tim Robbins">Tim Robbins</a> turned down the role, which eventually went to <a href="/wiki/Sam_Neill" title="Sam Neill">Sam Neill</a>.<a href="#cite_note-80">[80]</a> <a href="/wiki/Laura_Dern" title="Laura Dern">Laura Dern</a> was cast as Ellie Sattler,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShay_&_Duncan199361,_74-81">[81]</a> after <a href="/wiki/Robin_Wright" title="Robin Wright">Robin Wright</a> and <a href="/wiki/Juliette_Binoche" title="Juliette Binoche">Juliette Binoche</a> turned down offers to play the character.<a href="#cite_note-82">[82]</a><a href="#cite_note-83">[83]</a> <a href="/wiki/Stacy_Haiduk" title="Stacy Haiduk">Stacy Haiduk</a>,<a href="#cite_note-84">[84]</a> <a href="/wiki/Gwyneth_Paltrow" title="Gwyneth Paltrow">Gwyneth Paltrow</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Helen_Hunt" title="Helen Hunt">Helen Hunt</a> had also auditioned for the role.<a href="#cite_note-85">[85]</a> Casting director Janet Hirshenson felt that <a href="/wiki/Jeff_Goldblum" title="Jeff Goldblum">Jeff Goldblum</a> was right to play Ian Malcolm after reading the novel, although <a href="/wiki/Jim_Carrey" title="Jim Carrey">Jim Carrey</a> also auditioned for the role.<a href="#cite_note-86">[86]</a> According to Hirshenson, Carrey "was terrific, too, but I think pretty quickly we all loved the idea of Jeff".<a href="#cite_note-EW2013-87">[87]</a> <a href="/wiki/Richard_Attenborough" title="Richard Attenborough">Richard Attenborough</a> was cast as John Hammond, but was initially hesitant to join the project, which marked his first acting role in 14 years. He eventually signed on at the insistence of Spielberg, who told him, "I can't see anyone else playing it but you".<a href="#cite_note-88">[88]</a> Neill, Dern, Goldblum, and Attenborough were cast late in pre-production, with only a few weeks to prepare for their roles.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShay_&_Duncan199370-89">[89]</a> According to Neill, the process "all happened real quick. I hadn't read the book, knew nothing about it, hadn't heard anything about it, and in a matter of weeks I'm working with Spielberg".<a href="#cite_note-EW2013-87">[87]</a> The start of filming was delayed a month to accommodate Neill's schedule.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShay_&_Duncan199371-90">[90]</a> <a href="/wiki/Ariana_Richards" title="Ariana Richards">Ariana Richards</a>, who plays Lex Murphy, said: "I was called into a casting office, and they just wanted me to scream. I heard later on that Steven had watched a few girls on tape that day, and I was the only one who ended up waking his sleeping wife on the couch, and she came running through the hallway to see if the kids were all right".<a href="#cite_note-EW2013-87">[87]</a> <a href="/wiki/Christina_Ricci" title="Christina Ricci">Christina Ricci</a> also auditioned to play Lex.<a href="#cite_note-91">[91]</a> <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Mazzello" title="Joseph Mazzello">Joseph Mazzello</a> had <a href="/wiki/Screen_test" title="Screen test">screen-tested</a> for a role in Hook, but was deemed too young. Spielberg promised him they would work together on a future film, subsequently casting him for the role of Tim.<a href="#cite_note-EW2013-87">[87]</a> Hirshenson, who previously cast <a href="/wiki/Whoopi_Goldberg" title="Whoopi Goldberg">Whoopi Goldberg</a> in the 1990 film <a href="/wiki/Ghost_(1990_film)" title="Ghost (1990 film)">Ghost</a>, had <a href="/wiki/Samuel_L._Jackson" title="Samuel L. Jackson">Samuel L. Jackson</a> audition as Ray Arnold after Goldberg noted his performance in the 1991 film <a href="/wiki/Jungle_Fever" title="Jungle Fever">Jungle Fever</a>. Spielberg and Hirshenson were instantly impressed with Jackson and gave him the role.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMottram202160-52">[52]</a> Spielberg chose <a href="/wiki/Wayne_Knight" title="Wayne Knight">Wayne Knight</a> to play Dennis Nedry after seeing him in the 1992 film <a href="/wiki/Basic_Instinct" title="Basic Instinct">Basic Instinct</a>.<a href="#cite_note-BiggestMovie-69">[69]</a><a href="#cite_note-92">[92]</a> <a href="/wiki/BD_Wong" title="BD Wong">BD Wong</a> was cast as Dr. Henry Wu, both of Asian descent. He was disappointed by how small the role turned out to be compared with the novel,<a href="#cite_note-93">[93]</a> believing the character's reduced screentime to be the result of "racial exclusion".<a href="#cite_note-Wong15-72">[72]</a> <a href="/wiki/Cameron_Thor" title="Cameron Thor">Cameron Thor</a> had worked with Spielberg on Hook, and initially auditioned to play Malcolm, before being cast as Dodgson.<a href="#cite_note-empire-74">[74]</a> Molen took on the small role of Dr. Harding.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMottram202161-73">[73]</a> In the novel, <a href="/wiki/Richard_Kiley" title="Richard Kiley">Richard Kiley</a> provides the voice of the guide for the park's tour vehicles. For the film, Kiley was cast in the same role.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMottram202161,_67-94">[94]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Design">Design</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Jurassic_Park_(film)&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Design">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1273380762/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tleft"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:204px;max-width:204px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:BAS_24,_Brussels_(P1170205-RR).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/BAS_24%2C_Brussels_%28P1170205-RR%29.jpg/200px-BAS_24%2C_Brussels_%28P1170205-RR%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/BAS_24%2C_Brussels_%28P1170205-RR%29.jpg/300px-BAS_24%2C_Brussels_%28P1170205-RR%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/BAS_24%2C_Brussels_%28P1170205-RR%29.jpg/400px-BAS_24%2C_Brussels_%28P1170205-RR%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4608" data-file-height="3456" /></a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:Jeep_Wrangler_Jurassic_Park.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Jeep_Wrangler_Jurassic_Park.jpg/200px-Jeep_Wrangler_Jurassic_Park.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="134" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Jeep_Wrangler_Jurassic_Park.jpg/300px-Jeep_Wrangler_Jurassic_Park.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Jeep_Wrangler_Jurassic_Park.jpg/400px-Jeep_Wrangler_Jurassic_Park.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3872" data-file-height="2592" /></a></div></div></div><div class="trow" style="display:flex"><div class="thumbcaption">The film features customized <a href="/wiki/Ford_Explorer#First_generation_(UN46;_1991)" title="Ford Explorer">Ford Explorers</a> (top) and <a href="/wiki/Jeep_Wrangler" title="Jeep Wrangler">Jeep Wranglers</a></div></div></div></div> Production designer <a href="/wiki/Rick_Carter" title="Rick Carter">Rick Carter</a> did not want the fictional theme park to have "a lot of commercialized edifices that feel shallow and overly bright and overly energetic. Even though that is something that the park would probably evolve into if it were finished, I thought as a film it would feel shallow. This is, after all, not <a href="/wiki/Disneyland" title="Disneyland">Disneyland</a>."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShay_&_Duncan199345-95">[95]</a> The exterior design of the park's visitor center was loosely based on a <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a> temple.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShay_&_Duncan199378-96">[96]</a> The interior design featured a dinosaur theme, including skeletons and a mural, the latter by artist Doug Henderson.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShay_&_Duncan1993115-97">[97]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMottram2021113-98">[98]</a> For the control room, set designer Lauren Cory referred to computer environments at several theme parks as well as the <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Institute_of_Technology" title="Massachusetts Institute of Technology">Massachusetts Institute of Technology</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShay_&_Duncan199399–101-99">[99]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMottram202192-100">[100]</a> The set included a wall-mounted 6-by-8-foot (1.8 m × 2.4 m) screen and numerous computers,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShay_&_Duncan199399–101-99">[99]</a> lent by <a href="/wiki/Apple_Inc." title="Apple Inc.">Apple</a>, <a href="/wiki/Silicon_Graphics" title="Silicon Graphics">Silicon Graphics</a> and <a href="/wiki/Thinking_Machines_Corporation" title="Thinking Machines Corporation">Thinking Machines Corporation</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShay_&_Duncan1993101-101">[101]</a><a href="#cite_note-JP1-102">[102]</a><a href="#cite_note-103">[103]</a> The park's vehicles were designed by art director <a href="/wiki/John_Bell_(special_effects_artist)" title="John Bell (special effects artist)">John Bell</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Bell-104">[104]</a> Crichton's book has electric-powered <a href="/wiki/Toyota_Land_Cruiser" title="Toyota Land Cruiser">Toyota Land Cruisers</a> as the tour vehicles, but Spielberg made a deal with the <a href="/wiki/Ford_Motor_Company" title="Ford Motor Company">Ford Motor Company</a>, which provided seven <a href="/wiki/Ford_Explorer#First_generation_(UN46;_1991)" title="Ford Explorer">Ford Explorers</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShone2004219-105">[105]</a><a href="#cite_note-106">[106]</a> They received a custom paint job and a plexiglass roof. Like in the novel, the vehicles are presented as <a href="/wiki/Autonomous_car" class="mw-redirect" title="Autonomous car">autonomous cars</a>. They travel on a track that, in reality, was non-functional.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShay_&_Duncan199380-107">[107]</a> <a href="/wiki/Industrial_Light_%26_Magic" title="Industrial Light & Magic">Industrial Light & Magic</a>, along with veteran customizer <a href="/wiki/George_Barris_(auto_customizer)" title="George Barris (auto customizer)">George Barris</a>, modified the Explorers to be controlled by drivers hidden in the trunk of the vehicles,<a href="#cite_note-108">[108]</a><a href="#cite_note-109">[109]</a> with front-mounted cameras allowing them to see the road. Barris also customized <a href="/wiki/Jeep_Wrangler" title="Jeep Wrangler">Jeep Wranglers</a> used by the park's workers.<a href="#cite_note-110">[110]</a> In the film, Dodgson gives Nedry a container, disguised as a can of shaving cream, which is used to transport the stolen dinosaur embryos.<a href="#cite_note-111">[111]</a><a href="#cite_note-112">[112]</a> According to Bell, the script did not specify a brand of shaving cream, so he browsed at a drug store and eventually chose <a href="/wiki/Barbasol" title="Barbasol">Barbasol</a> for its distinctive design.<a href="#cite_note-dawn-14">[14]</a><a href="#cite_note-Bell-104">[104]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMottram202132-113">[113]</a> In addition, Bell designed night vision goggles used by Tim, prior to the T. rex breakout.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMottram202132-113">[113]</a> The decision was made to forego a <a href="/wiki/Costume_designer" title="Costume designer">costume designer</a>.<a href="#cite_note-114">[114]</a> Instead, Molen brought on the costume supervisors from Hook, who selected <a href="/wiki/Ready-to-wear" title="Ready-to-wear">ready-to-wear</a> clothing for the cast from various retailers. Malcolm's all-black outfit was an aspect lifted from the novel, and Goldblum added to it by wearing a black leather jacket. Hammond's all-white outfit was meant to evoke him as a sort of religious figure or deity.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMottram202162-115">[115]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Filming">Filming</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Jurassic_Park_(film)&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Filming">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Hawaii">Hawaii</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Jurassic_Park_(film)&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Hawaii">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:2017-Kauai-Island.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/2017-Kauai-Island.jpg/220px-2017-Kauai-Island.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="129" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/2017-Kauai-Island.jpg/330px-2017-Kauai-Island.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/2017-Kauai-Island.jpg/440px-2017-Kauai-Island.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2039" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>Much of the Hawaiian shoot took place on the island of <a href="/wiki/Kauai" title="Kauai">Kauai</a>, with many of the locations standing in for Isla Nublar</figcaption></figure> The film's fictional setting of Isla Nublar is located near <a href="/wiki/Costa_Rica" title="Costa Rica">Costa Rica</a>, which was briefly considered as a filming location early on; this idea was scrapped as production would have occurred during the country's rainy season. <a href="/wiki/Puerto_Rico" title="Puerto Rico">Puerto Rico</a> was seriously considered as well, until Spielberg settled on <a href="/wiki/Kauai" title="Kauai">Kauai</a>, Hawaii. He attributed this decision to his age: "Had I been twenty-six instead of forty-five, I might have gone to <a href="/wiki/Yucatan" class="mw-redirect" title="Yucatan">Yucatan</a> or the <a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a> or Costa Rica–someplace really rugged." He also liked the idea of "staying in a nice Hawaiian hotel with room service and a pool", while stating that the tropical landscapes were as good, or better than, the alternative sites.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShay_&_Duncan199346–47-116">[116]</a> In addition, Spielberg was familiar with Hawaii, having filmed there in the past, and was concerned about infrastructure and accessibility at the other locations.<a href="#cite_note-dawn-14">[14]</a> Set construction began in early June 1992, nearly three months before the start of filming. Some of the locations were remote and only accessible with off-road vehicles.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShay_&_Duncan199376-117">[117]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Manawaiopuna_Falls.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Manawaiopuna_Falls.jpg/220px-Manawaiopuna_Falls.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="159" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Manawaiopuna_Falls.jpg/330px-Manawaiopuna_Falls.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Manawaiopuna_Falls.jpg/440px-Manawaiopuna_Falls.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1279" data-file-height="927" /></a><figcaption>Scenes involving Isla Nublar's helipad were shot at <a href="/wiki/Manawaiopuna_Falls" title="Manawaiopuna Falls">Manawaiopuna Falls</a></figcaption></figure> After 25 months of pre-production, filming began on August 24, 1992, at Olokele Canyon.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShay_&_Duncan199365_and_67-118">[118]</a><a href="#cite_note-JP1-102">[102]</a> The three-week Kauai shoot was focused on exterior scenes, many of them set on Isla Nublar during daytime.<a href="#cite_note-Production_notes-17">[17]</a> Spontaneous cloud coverage occurred frequently, necessitating the use of lighting and film exposure tricks in order to match with previously shot footage.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShay_&_Duncan199369-119">[119]</a> Scenes of the park's visitors arriving and departing Isla Nublar, via helicopter, were filmed at <a href="/wiki/Manawaiopuna_Falls" title="Manawaiopuna Falls">Manawaiopuna Falls</a>, which became commonly known as Jurassic Falls after the film's release.<a href="#cite_note-120">[120]</a> Keopuka Rock, alternatively known as Jurassic Rock, was used for an early shot of the helicopter as it approaches Isla Nublar. The rock is located near the island of <a href="/wiki/Maui" title="Maui">Maui</a>, but filming otherwise continued on Kauai.<a href="#cite_note-Leasca-121">[121]</a><a href="#cite_note-122">[122]</a> The exterior of the Jurassic Park visitor center was built on the grounds of the Valley House Plantation Estate.<a href="#cite_note-123">[123]</a> It was constructed as a 60-foot (18 m)-high facade, nearly 200 feet (61 m) in length.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShay_&_Duncan199344,_76-124">[124]</a> A Jurassic Park gate, marking the start of the theme park tour, was built at the base of <a href="/wiki/Mount_Waialeale" title="Mount Waialeale">Mount Waialeale</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMottram202177-125">[125]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Botanical_Gardens_Kauai,_Hawaii_-_panoramio_(8).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Botanical_Gardens_Kauai%2C_Hawaii_-_panoramio_%288%29.jpg/220px-Botanical_Gardens_Kauai%2C_Hawaii_-_panoramio_%288%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Botanical_Gardens_Kauai%2C_Hawaii_-_panoramio_%288%29.jpg/330px-Botanical_Gardens_Kauai%2C_Hawaii_-_panoramio_%288%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Botanical_Gardens_Kauai%2C_Hawaii_-_panoramio_%288%29.jpg/440px-Botanical_Gardens_Kauai%2C_Hawaii_-_panoramio_%288%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="720" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption>Trees at <a href="/wiki/Allerton_Garden" title="Allerton Garden">Allerton Garden</a>, used for a scene involving a dinosaur nest</figcaption></figure> An early scene, set at an amber mine in the <a href="/wiki/Dominican_Republic" title="Dominican Republic">Dominican Republic</a>, was filmed near <a href="/wiki/Ho%CA%BBopi%CA%BBi_Falls" title="Hoʻopiʻi Falls">Hoʻopiʻi Falls</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMottram202172-126">[126]</a><a href="#cite_note-Leasca-121">[121]</a> A meeting between Nedry and Dodgson was shot in <a href="/wiki/Kapa%CA%BBa,_Hawaii" title="Kapaʻa, Hawaii">Kapaa</a>, standing in for <a href="/wiki/San_Jos%C3%A9,_Costa_Rica" title="San José, Costa Rica">San José, Costa Rica</a>.<a href="#cite_note-127">[127]</a> The raptor enclosure set was built at <a href="/wiki/Limahuli_Garden_and_Preserve" title="Limahuli Garden and Preserve">Limahuli Garden and Preserve</a>, operated by the <a href="/wiki/National_Tropical_Botanical_Garden" title="National Tropical Botanical Garden">National Tropical Botanical Garden</a> (NTBG).<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMottram202172,_74-128">[128]</a> <a href="/wiki/Allerton_Garden" title="Allerton Garden">Allerton Garden</a>, another NTBG property, was used in two instances: a set depicting the maintenance shed exterior, and a scene in which Grant discovers a dinosaur nest and realizes the animals are breeding.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMottram202174,_77-129">[129]</a> Towering fences, standing 24 feet (7.3 m), were among the on-site construction work, representing the electrified perimeters of the T. rex enclosure during daytime scenes. Despite the simple design of the fencing, the project proved to be one of the most difficult for the production crew, as one of the filming sites was the remote Olokele Canyon. Special effects supervisor <a href="/wiki/Michael_Lantieri" title="Michael Lantieri">Michael Lantieri</a> said "we had to haul all of this steel up there, drill holes like you would for telephone poles, pour concrete, and then pull all of the cables, which were three-quarter-inch aluminum with steel in the middle."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShay_&_Duncan199379-130">[130]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kualoa_Ranch_2014.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Kualoa_Ranch_2014.jpg/220px-Kualoa_Ranch_2014.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Kualoa_Ranch_2014.jpg/330px-Kualoa_Ranch_2014.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Kualoa_Ranch_2014.jpg/440px-Kualoa_Ranch_2014.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4288" data-file-height="2848" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Kualoa_Ranch" title="Kualoa Ranch">Kualoa Ranch</a> on <a href="/wiki/Oahu" title="Oahu">Oahu</a>, where the <a href="/wiki/Gallimimus" title="Gallimimus">Gallimimus</a> scene was filmed</figcaption></figure> The longest stretch of fence measured over 200 feet (61 m), and more than six miles of cable were used in total. Spielberg wanted to avoid sagging in the cables, so the crew hired workers from a local company that was experienced with power lines. Lantieri called the project "an enormous job—and for very little payoff. People will look at the movie and say, 'Oh, there's a fence,' never realizing what it took to get it there."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShay_&_Duncan199379-130">[130]</a> The canyon location was used for a scene in which Grant and the children, on their way to the visitor center, must climb over the fence to proceed.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMottram202169-131">[131]</a> On September 11, 1992, the last scheduled day of the Kauai shoot, <a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Iniki" title="Hurricane Iniki">Hurricane Iniki</a> passed directly over the island. The cast and crew found out too late about the impending hurricane and took shelter at their hotel. Spielberg and a small crew ventured outside during the hurricane to capture brief footage, used in the film to depict the storm that hits Isla Nublar. A final scene, depicting a <a href="/wiki/Gallimimus" title="Gallimimus">Gallimimus</a> herd, was to be shot on Kauai, but the island was ravaged by the hurricane.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShay_&_Duncan199385–86-132">[132]</a><a href="#cite_note-133">[133]</a> The scene was instead filmed two weeks later at <a href="/wiki/Kualoa_Ranch" title="Kualoa Ranch">Kualoa Ranch</a>, located on the island of <a href="/wiki/Oahu" title="Oahu">Oahu</a>. With its high cliffs, the ranch was considered more attractive than the empty plain that was originally planned for the scene.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShay_&_Duncan199386,_134–5-134">[134]</a> Despite the hurricane, the Hawaiian shoot came in essentially on budget and on schedule.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShay_&_Duncan199387-135">[135]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="California">California</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Jurassic_Park_(film)&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: California">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:View_Over_Universal_Studios_Backlot_(2562140962).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/View_Over_Universal_Studios_Backlot_%282562140962%29.jpg/220px-View_Over_Universal_Studios_Backlot_%282562140962%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/View_Over_Universal_Studios_Backlot_%282562140962%29.jpg/330px-View_Over_Universal_Studios_Backlot_%282562140962%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/View_Over_Universal_Studios_Backlot_%282562140962%29.jpg/440px-View_Over_Universal_Studios_Backlot_%282562140962%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3008" data-file-height="2000" /></a><figcaption>Most of the filming in California occurred on <a href="/wiki/Sound_stage" title="Sound stage">sound stages</a>, primarily at the <a href="/wiki/Universal_Studios_Lot" title="Universal Studios Lot">Universal Studios Lot</a></figcaption></figure> By September 15, 1992, the cast and crew had moved to California, where the remainder of filming was scheduled to take place, primarily on <a href="/wiki/Sound_stage" title="Sound stage">sound stages</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShay_&_Duncan199387-135">[135]</a> The majority of stage shooting occurred at the <a href="/wiki/Universal_Studios_Lot" title="Universal Studios Lot">Universal Studios Lot</a> in the Los Angeles area.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShay_&_Duncan199343,_45-136">[136]</a> Among the first sets to be used there was an industrial-sized kitchen, for when the raptors stalk Lex and Tim.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShay_&_Duncan199389-137">[137]</a><a href="#cite_note-Production_notes-17">[17]</a> Because the kitchen was filled with reflective surfaces, Cundey had to carefully plan the illumination while also using black cloths to hide the light reflections.<a href="#cite_note-pre-138">[138]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShay_&_Duncan199390-139">[139]</a> The scene was shot on Stage 24,<a href="#cite_note-JP1-102">[102]</a> and other stages at Universal would also be used for Jurassic Park.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShay_&_Duncan199345-95">[95]</a> Filming moved to Stage 23 for scenes involving the maintenance shed interior, before moving to <a href="/wiki/Red_Rock_Canyon_State_Park_(California)" title="Red Rock Canyon State Park (California)">Red Rock Canyon</a>, which stood in as Grant's paleontological dig site.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShay_&_Duncan199391–93-140">[140]</a><a href="#cite_note-141">[141]</a> The filmmakers originally planned to shoot in <a href="/wiki/Montana" title="Montana">Montana</a>, where the scene is set, but this was scrapped to save time and money. <a href="/wiki/Jack_Horner_(paleontologist)" title="Jack Horner (paleontologist)">Jack Horner</a>, the film's paleontological advisor, was consulted to ensure an accurate representation of a dig site,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShay_&_Duncan199391–93-140">[140]</a> although other paleontologists have found the scene to be overly simplified and unrealistic.<a href="#cite_note-142">[142]</a> Filming continued to progress ahead of schedule,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShay_&_Duncan199394-143">[143]</a> with Spielberg crediting the project's extensive use of storyboards.<a href="#cite_note-BiggestMovie-69">[69]</a> Back at Universal, Stage 27 was decorated with real and synthetic jungle vegetation for various scenes.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShay_&_Duncan199395-144">[144]</a> The stage was used initially to depict Grant helping Tim out of a tour vehicle, after it has been shoved over a cliff by the T. rex and into a tree.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShay_&_Duncan199343,_45-136">[136]</a> Upon retrieving Tim, the vehicle begins to drop through the tree foliage, forcing the humans to quickly descend before being crushed. This was one of the most challenging scenes to shoot and required the creation of a 50-foot (15 m) artificial tree, made of steel, with the vehicle dropped down the tree multiple times to acquire the needed footage. Spielberg wanted the tree to appear three times taller than it actually was, so three sides were each decorated to represent a different portion of the vehicle drop.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShay_&_Duncan199396–97-145">[145]</a> The same steel structure was then redressed to serve as a different tree, for a scene in which Grant and the children take refuge and encounter a <a href="/wiki/Brachiosaurus" title="Brachiosaurus">Brachiosaurus</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShay_&_Duncan199398–99-146">[146]</a><a href="#cite_note-JP1-102">[102]</a> Stage 28 was used for scenes taking place in the park's control room and laboratory.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShay_&_Duncan199399-147">[147]</a> Wong shot his scene on the latter set,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMottram202196-148">[148]</a> over the course of a day or two.<a href="#cite_note-149">[149]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Warner_Bros._Stage_16,_Warner_Bros._Studios_(Burbank).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Warner_Bros._Stage_16%2C_Warner_Bros._Studios_%28Burbank%29.jpg/220px-Warner_Bros._Stage_16%2C_Warner_Bros._Studios_%28Burbank%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="179" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Warner_Bros._Stage_16%2C_Warner_Bros._Studios_%28Burbank%29.jpg/330px-Warner_Bros._Stage_16%2C_Warner_Bros._Studios_%28Burbank%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Warner_Bros._Stage_16%2C_Warner_Bros._Studios_%28Burbank%29.jpg/440px-Warner_Bros._Stage_16%2C_Warner_Bros._Studios_%28Burbank%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2800" data-file-height="2283" /></a><figcaption>Stage 16 at <a href="/wiki/Warner_Bros._Studios_Burbank" title="Warner Bros. Studios Burbank">Warner Bros. Studios</a> was used for the T. rex breakout sequence</figcaption></figure> Universal lacked a stage large enough to accommodate the T. rex breakout set, which was instead filmed on Stage 16 at <a href="/wiki/Warner_Bros._Studios_Burbank" title="Warner Bros. Studios Burbank">Warner Bros. Studios</a>, located nearby.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShay_&_Duncan199345-95">[95]</a> Filming began there on October 27, 1992, with the stage decorated to match the Hawaii footage.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShay_&_Duncan1993103,_106-150">[150]</a> The sequence is set at night during a storm, and the stage included rain machines and mud, making the shoot wet and messy for the cast and crew.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShay_&_Duncan1993111–112-151">[151]</a> Spielberg anticipated that the sequence could be the most difficult of the film, due to the rain machines and the logistics of using a life-sized T. rex <a href="/wiki/Animatronic" class="mw-redirect" title="Animatronic">animatronic</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShay_&_Duncan1993105-152">[152]</a> Complications arose when the T. rex began to shake and quiver from extra weight, as the dinosaur's foam rubber skin had absorbed a significant amount of the rainwater. Crew members had to dry the model with <a href="/wiki/Chamois_leather" title="Chamois leather">shammys</a> between takes.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShay_&_Duncan1993110–112-153">[153]</a><a href="#cite_note-pre-138">[138]</a> The animatronic also lost a tooth during a scene in which it attacks the glass roof on one of the tour vehicles.<a href="#cite_note-ABC-154">[154]</a><a href="#cite_note-155">[155]</a> An early shot in the sequence focuses on the dashboard of one of the vehicles, with ripples forming in a glass of water, caused by the footsteps of the approaching T. rex. This was inspired by Spielberg listening to <a href="/wiki/Earth,_Wind_and_Fire" class="mw-redirect" title="Earth, Wind and Fire">Earth, Wind and Fire</a> in his car, and the vibrations the bass rhythm caused. Lantieri was unsure how to create the shot until the night before filming when he put a glass of water on his guitar, which achieved the concentric circles in the water that Spielberg wanted. The next morning, guitar strings were put inside the car, and a man on the floor plucked them to achieve the effect.<a href="#cite_note-Earl_doc-27">[27]</a><a href="#cite_note-156">[156]</a><a href="#cite_note-157">[157]</a> Like Gennaro, Malcolm was originally scripted to flee in fear from the T. rex. This was changed with an on-set suggestion by Goldblum, who felt that heroic action was better. Instead, the scene features Malcolm using a flare to distract the dinosaur, allowing Grant to retrieve the children from the wrecked tour vehicle.<a href="#cite_note-pre-138">[138]</a> The Warner Bros. set included the cliff that the T. rex shoves the vehicle over.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShay_&_Duncan1993107-158">[158]</a> Koepp questioned the set design,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMottram2021105-159">[159]</a> which created an apparent <a href="/wiki/Plot_hole" title="Plot hole">plot hole</a>,<a href="#cite_note-160">[160]</a> as the cliff would appear seemingly where the dinosaur had broken out: "I asked Steven, 'Don't you think people are going to notice that suddenly there's this cliff?' And he looked at me like I was from another planet and pointed at the great big robot of the T. rex and said, 'There's a T. rex! They're not gonna notice anything else but that!' And he was right." Also filmed at Warner Bros. was the T. rex's pursuit of a Jeep.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMottram2021105-159">[159]</a> Returning to Universal, the filmmakers shot scenes involving the deaths of Nedry and Muldoon, both on Stage 27;<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShay_&_Duncan1993112–113-161">[161]</a><a href="#cite_note-JP1-102">[102]</a> this location and Stage 16 were the only sound stages used for exterior scenes.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShay_&_Duncan199345-95">[95]</a> The T. rex sequence at Warner Bros., shot weeks before the end of filming, made Spielberg realize the dinosaur as the main star of Jurassic Park. He felt that audiences would be disappointed if the T. rex did not make a final appearance, and had the ending changed so the dinosaur faces off against multiple raptors in the visitor center, inadvertently saving the humans.<a href="#cite_note-JP2-162">[162]</a><a href="#cite_note-Earl_doc-27">[27]</a> Afterward, the T. rex makes what Spielberg described as a "King Kong roar" while a banner reading "When Dinosaurs Ruled the Earth" falls.<a href="#cite_note-pre-138">[138]</a> As previously written, Jurassic Park would end with a single raptor pursuing the humans and Grant using a platform machine to maneuver the dinosaur into a fossil tyrannosaur's jaws.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShay_&_Duncan1993118-163">[163]</a><a href="#cite_note-164">[164]</a> The visitor center interior was constructed on Stage 12 at Universal. Cundey shot the finale with wide lenses to show off as much of the set as possible, but this also made the placing of on-set lights a "painstaking" process.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShay_&_Duncan1993114–115-165">[165]</a> Jurassic Park wrapped under budget and 12 days ahead of schedule on November 30, 1992.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShay_&_Duncan1993120-166">[166]</a><a href="#cite_note-167">[167]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Dinosaurs_on_screen">Dinosaurs on screen</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Jurassic_Park_(film)&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Dinosaurs on screen">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Dinosaurs_in_Jurassic_Park" title="Dinosaurs in Jurassic Park">Dinosaurs in Jurassic Park</a></div> For Jurassic Park, Spielberg sought to go beyond a simple monster movie,<a href="#cite_note-dawn-14">[14]</a> with Carter stating that they "tried to find the animal in the dinosaur as opposed to the monster in the dinosaur. The idea was not to make them any less threatening, but rather to keep them from doing as much 'monster schtick.'"<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShay_&_Duncan199314-61">[61]</a> Spielberg hired paleontologist <a href="/wiki/Jack_Horner_(paleontologist)" title="Jack Horner (paleontologist)">Jack Horner</a> to ensure that the dinosaurs would be designed and portrayed accurately, based on then-current knowledge of the animals.<a href="#cite_note-168">[168]</a><a href="#cite_note-169">[169]</a> Certain concepts about dinosaurs were followed, like the theory they <a href="/wiki/Origin_of_birds" title="Origin of birds">evolved into birds</a> and had very little in common with lizards. This prompted the removal of the raptors' flicking tongues in early <a href="/wiki/Animatics" class="mw-redirect" title="Animatics">animatics</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Earl_doc-27">[27]</a> as Horner complained it was implausible.<a href="#cite_note-French-170">[170]</a> Despite the film title's referencing the <a href="/wiki/Jurassic" title="Jurassic">Jurassic</a> period, <a href="/wiki/Brachiosaurus" title="Brachiosaurus">Brachiosaurus</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dilophosaurus" title="Dilophosaurus">Dilophosaurus</a> are the only dinosaurs featured that lived during that time; the other species in the film did not exist until the <a href="/wiki/Cretaceous" title="Cretaceous">Cretaceous</a>.<a href="#cite_note-dinomania-171">[171]</a> The latter period is mentioned early in the film when Grant describes the ferocity of <a href="/wiki/Velociraptor" title="Velociraptor">Velociraptor</a> to a young boy, saying: "Try to imagine yourself in the Cretaceous period".<a href="#cite_note-172">[172]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Effects">Effects</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Jurassic_Park_(film)&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Effects">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dennis_Muren.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Dennis_Muren.jpg/170px-Dennis_Muren.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="219" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Dennis_Muren.jpg/255px-Dennis_Muren.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Dennis_Muren.jpg/340px-Dennis_Muren.jpg 2x" data-file-width="495" data-file-height="638" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Dennis_Muren" title="Dennis Muren">Dennis Muren</a>, seen in 2007, oversaw the computer-generated dinosaurs created by <a href="/wiki/Industrial_Light_%26_Magic" title="Industrial Light & Magic">Industrial Light & Magic</a> (ILM)</figcaption></figure> The dinosaurs were created through various methods, including <a href="/wiki/Animatronics" title="Animatronics">animatronics</a> and <a href="/wiki/Computer-generated_imagery" title="Computer-generated imagery">computer-generated imagery</a> (CGI).<a href="#cite_note-JP2-162">[162]</a><a href="#cite_note-173">[173]</a> Spielberg sought to use full-scale dinosaurs on-set as much as possible, rather than relying on <a href="/wiki/Stop_motion" title="Stop motion">stop motion</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Post-production" title="Post-production">post-production</a> method commonly used in dinosaur films up to that point.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShay_&_Duncan199316-28">[28]</a> He knew, early on, that stop motion would still be needed for <a href="/wiki/Wide_shot" title="Wide shot">wide shots</a> of the dinosaurs.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShay_&_Duncan199351-174">[174]</a> To help create the dinosaurs, Spielberg consulted and worked closely with <a href="/wiki/Dennis_Muren" title="Dennis Muren">Dennis Muren</a>, an effects supervisor at <a href="/wiki/Industrial_Light_%26_Magic" title="Industrial Light & Magic">Industrial Light & Magic</a> (ILM), which had already provided effects for several of his films.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShay_&_Duncan199317-175">[175]</a><a href="#cite_note-BiggestMovie-69">[69]</a> Spielberg hired <a href="/wiki/Phil_Tippett" title="Phil Tippett">Phil Tippett</a> to create the dinosaur wide shots using <a href="/wiki/Go-motion" class="mw-redirect" title="Go-motion">go-motion</a>, a variation of stop-motion, with ILM set to refine his work through <a href="/wiki/Compositing" title="Compositing">compositing</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShay_&_Duncan199338,_48-176">[176]</a> Separately, Spielberg thought of hiring ride designer <a href="/wiki/Bob_Gurr" title="Bob Gurr">Bob Gurr</a> to create the full-scale dinosaurs,<a href="#cite_note-McBride-58">[58]</a> having been impressed by his work on a giant mechanical <a href="/wiki/King_Kong" title="King Kong">King Kong</a>, made for the <a href="/wiki/King_Kong_Encounter" title="King Kong Encounter">King Kong Encounter</a> at <a href="/wiki/Universal_Studios_Hollywood" title="Universal Studios Hollywood">Universal Studios Hollywood</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShay_&_Duncan199318–19-177">[177]</a><a href="#cite_note-178">[178]</a> Upon reflection, Spielberg felt that Gurr's life-sized robots would be too expensive and unconvincing.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShay_&_Duncan199318–19-177">[177]</a><a href="#cite_note-Earl_doc-27">[27]</a> Spielberg then contacted effects artist <a href="/wiki/Stan_Winston" title="Stan Winston">Stan Winston</a>,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShay_&_Duncan199319-179">[179]</a> having seen his work on the <a href="/wiki/Queen_Alien" class="mw-redirect" title="Queen Alien">queen alien</a> in the 1986 film <a href="/wiki/Aliens_(film)" title="Aliens (film)">Aliens</a>. Winston said the queen was easy compared to a dinosaur animatronic, because it was lightweight and did not have to look like a real animal. Nevertheless, he was intrigued by the offer to work on Jurassic Park.<a href="#cite_note-180">[180]</a> Winston had one of his company artists, Mark "Crash" McCreery, create numerous dinosaur sketches.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShay_&_Duncan199320–21-181">[181]</a> These impressed Universal, which eventually hired Winston's team to make the film's on-set dinosaurs.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShay_&_Duncan199323-182">[182]</a> Winston and ILM also worked together on the film <a href="/wiki/Terminator_2:_Judgment_Day" title="Terminator 2: Judgment Day">Terminator 2: Judgment Day</a>, released in 1991.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShay_&_Duncan199348-183">[183]</a> As with previous films, Winston's workers consisted of two groups: the art department, responsible in this case for the dinosaurs' outer appearance; and the mechanical department, which would handle the technical inner workings.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShay_&_Duncan199324-184">[184]</a> Winston's crew created fully detailed models of the dinosaurs before molding <a href="/wiki/Latex" title="Latex">latex</a> skins, which were fitted over complex robotics.<a href="#cite_note-Earl_doc-27">[27]</a> Sound stages were considered the most ideal filming environment for the animatronics, allowing sets to be built on elevated platforms with the mechanics of the dinosaurs concealed underneath.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShay_&_Duncan199343-185">[185]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Museo_Cinema_Torino_-_Jurassic_Park_step_motion_diorama.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Museo_Cinema_Torino_-_Jurassic_Park_step_motion_diorama.jpg/220px-Museo_Cinema_Torino_-_Jurassic_Park_step_motion_diorama.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Museo_Cinema_Torino_-_Jurassic_Park_step_motion_diorama.jpg/330px-Museo_Cinema_Torino_-_Jurassic_Park_step_motion_diorama.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Museo_Cinema_Torino_-_Jurassic_Park_step_motion_diorama.jpg/440px-Museo_Cinema_Torino_-_Jurassic_Park_step_motion_diorama.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024" /></a><figcaption>A pre-production T. rex model, displayed at the <a href="/wiki/National_Museum_of_Cinema" title="National Museum of Cinema">National Museum of Cinema</a> of <a href="/wiki/Turin" title="Turin">Turin</a>, Italy</figcaption></figure> In addition to wide shots, Tippett was tasked with creating go-motion <a href="/wiki/Animatics" class="mw-redirect" title="Animatics">animatics</a> early on to help develop two major sequences: one depicting the T. rex breakout, and the other involving the raptors in the kitchen. His team built the dinosaur puppets and based their design on maquettes made by Winston.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShay_&_Duncan199347-186">[186]</a><a href="#cite_note-Earl_doc-27">[27]</a> Despite go motion's attempts at <a href="/wiki/Motion_blur" title="Motion blur">motion blurs</a>, Spielberg found the end results unsatisfactory for a live-action feature film.<a href="#cite_note-Earl_doc-27">[27]</a> He wanted to include a stampede of dinosaur herds, but was unsure how to achieve this. After breaking new ground with the CGI effects in Terminator 2, Muren thought ILM could handle the stampede rather than Tippett: "Creating herds of animals with puppets would be very difficult, so I thought maybe that was something we might be able to do with computer graphics."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShay_&_Duncan199348-183">[183]</a><a href="#cite_note-BiggestMovie-69">[69]</a> ILM animator <a href="/wiki/Steve_Williams_(animator)" title="Steve Williams (animator)">Steve Williams</a> believed that more could be done with CGI than just the stampede: "All of us wanted a crack at the T-rex, but we thought we could never get it because Stan was already in there, and so was Phil. But the attraction was strong, so I secretly started building some T-rex bones in the computer." Williams scanned various photographs to create his virtual skeleton and then animated a <a href="/wiki/Walk_cycle" title="Walk cycle">walk cycle</a> for it. Fellow animator <a href="/wiki/Mark_A.Z._Dipp%C3%A9" title="Mark A.Z. Dippé">Mark Dippé</a> also believed that CGI could be used for the film on a large scale, pushing Muren for months to consider the possibility. Muren, Kennedy and Molen were impressed when Williams unveiled his skeleton animation, and Muren was given approval to explore the use of CGI for the herd shots.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShay_&_Duncan199349-187">[187]</a> The T. rex animation was examined further. Winston's fifth-scale prototype of the dinosaur was scanned by <a href="/wiki/Cyberware_(company)" title="Cyberware (company)">Cyberware</a>, and the data was refined with various computer programs to fit over the skeleton, creating a digital T. rex. Other programs were used to animate the creature, with the finished result impressing Spielberg so much that he scrapped the go-motion method, instead tasking ILM with creating digital dinosaurs for full-body shots.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShay_&_Duncan199350–53-188">[188]</a> Upon seeing the T. rex animation, Tippett had declared, "I think I'm extinct." Spielberg had this incorporated into the script: Grant, impressed by Jurassic Park's living dinosaurs, says to Sattler, "We're out of a job," to which Malcolm replies, "Don't you mean extinct?"<a href="#cite_note-Earl_doc-27">[27]</a><a href="#cite_note-McBride-58">[58]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dinosaur_Input_Device_Velociraptor.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Dinosaur_Input_Device_Velociraptor.jpg/220px-Dinosaur_Input_Device_Velociraptor.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="164" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Dinosaur_Input_Device_Velociraptor.jpg/330px-Dinosaur_Input_Device_Velociraptor.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Dinosaur_Input_Device_Velociraptor.jpg/440px-Dinosaur_Input_Device_Velociraptor.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1936" /></a><figcaption>The "Dinosaur Input Device" raptor used for the film</figcaption></figure> Tippett had assembled a 30-person crew to prepare for the go-motion segments; Spielberg did not wish to lose his expertise, and Muren sought to keep him involved with the project as an advisor to ILM's animators. Muren later noted that "this is the first generation of computer animators, and they are struggling with hardware and software limitations that make the process excruciatingly painful and slow." Although Tippett disliked computers, Muren eventually convinced him to remain involved on Jurassic Park. Tippett and the ILM team spent approximately a month learning each other's respective fields.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShay_&_Duncan199350–53-188">[188]</a> Tippett acted as a consultant for dinosaur anatomy,<a href="#cite_note-Earl_doc-27">[27]</a> and his animatics were used, along with storyboards, as a reference for what would be shot during the action sequences.<a href="#cite_note-pre-138">[138]</a> ILM's artists were sent on private tours to a local animal park, so they could study large animals – rhinos, elephants, alligators, and giraffes – up close. They also took <a href="/wiki/Mime" class="mw-redirect" title="Mime">mime</a> classes to aid in understanding movements.<a href="#cite_note-back-189">[189]</a> Special effects work continued during post-production, as Tippett's unit adjusted to new technology with Dinosaur Input Devices:<a href="#cite_note-190">[190]</a> models that fed information into computers, allowing them to animate the dinosaurs like stop-motion puppets. In addition, they acted out scenes with the raptors and Gallimimus.<a href="#cite_note-Earl_doc-27">[27]</a> The CGI dinosaurs by ILM, based on Winston's designs,<a href="#cite_note-BiggestMovie-69">[69]</a> took nearly a year to complete.<a href="#cite_note-191">[191]</a> Compositing the animals onto the live action scenes took around an hour. Rendering the dinosaurs often took two to four hours per frame, while the T. rex in the rain required six hours per frame.<a href="#cite_note-192">[192]</a> Jurassic Park has more than 50 CGI shots, with the end fight between the T. rex and raptors using all-CGI dinosaurs,<a href="#cite_note-Earl_doc-27">[27]</a> something that made Spielberg nervous until he saw the finished result.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShay_&_Duncan1993118–119-193">[193]</a> The 127-minute film has 15 minutes of total screen time for the dinosaurs, including nine minutes of animatronics and six minutes of CGI.<a href="#cite_note-ABC-154">[154]</a><a href="#cite_note-194">[194]</a><a href="#cite_note-195">[195]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="List">List</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Jurassic_Park_(film)&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: List">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Rexy" title="Rexy">Rexy</a> and <a href="/wiki/Velociraptors_in_Jurassic_Park" title="Velociraptors in Jurassic Park">Velociraptors in Jurassic Park</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:StanWinstonTRex.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A life-sized Tyrannosaurus robotic model, with hydraulics where the dinosaur's feet would be, touches a car in a movie set." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/ea/StanWinstonTRex.jpg/250px-StanWinstonTRex.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/e/ea/StanWinstonTRex.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="315" data-file-height="189" /></a><figcaption>The life-sized animatronic <a href="/wiki/Tyrannosaurus" title="Tyrannosaurus">Tyrannosaurus rex</a> on the set. It is the largest sculpture ever made by Stan Winston Studio.<a href="#cite_note-196">[196]</a></figcaption></figure> Various dinosaurs are featured throughout the film: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alamosaurus" title="Alamosaurus">Alamosaurus</a> appears as a skeleton in the Jurassic Park visitor center.<a href="#cite_note-197">[197]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brachiosaurus" title="Brachiosaurus">Brachiosaurus</a> is the first dinosaur the park's visitors see. It is inaccurately depicted as chewing its food and standing up on its hind legs to browse among the high tree branches.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShay_&_Duncan1993144–6-198">[198]</a> According to artist Andy Schoneberg, the chewing was done to make the animal seem docile, resembling a cow chewing its cud. The dinosaur's head and upper neck was the largest puppet without hydraulics built for the film.<a href="#cite_note-199">[199]</a> Despite scientific evidence of Brachiosaurus having limited vocal capabilities, sound designer <a href="/wiki/Gary_Rydstrom" title="Gary Rydstrom">Gary Rydstrom</a> decided to represent them with <a href="/wiki/Whale_sound" class="mw-redirect" title="Whale sound">whale songs</a> and <a href="/wiki/Donkey" title="Donkey">donkey</a> calls to give them a melodic sense of wonder. <a href="/wiki/Penguin" title="Penguin">Penguins</a> were also recorded to be used in the noises of the dinosaurs.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShay_&_Duncan1993144–6-198">[198]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dilophosaurus" title="Dilophosaurus">Dilophosaurus</a> is also very different from its real-life counterpart, made significantly smaller to ensure audiences did not confuse it with the raptors.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShay_&_Duncan199336-200">[200]</a> Its <a href="/wiki/Neck_frill" title="Neck frill">neck frill</a> and its ability to spit venom are fictitious. Its vocal sounds were made by combining a <a href="/wiki/Swan" title="Swan">swan</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Hawk" title="Hawk">hawk</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Howler_monkey" title="Howler monkey">howler monkey</a>, and a <a href="/wiki/Rattlesnake" title="Rattlesnake">rattlesnake</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Earl_doc-27">[27]</a> The animatronic model, nicknamed "Spitter" by Winston's team, was animated by the puppeteers sitting on a trench in the set floor, using a <a href="/wiki/Paintball" title="Paintball">paintball</a> mechanism to spit the mixture of <a href="/wiki/Methyl_cellulose" title="Methyl cellulose">methyl cellulose</a> and <a href="/wiki/K-Y_Jelly" title="K-Y Jelly">K-Y Jelly</a> that served as venom.<a href="#cite_note-201">[201]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gallimimus" title="Gallimimus">Gallimimus</a> are featured in a stampede scene in which the Tyrannosaurus eats one of them. The Gallimimus was the first dinosaur to be digitized, featured in two ILM tests, initially as a herd of skeletons and then fully skinned while pursued by the T. rex.<a href="#cite_note-Earl_doc-27">[27]</a> Its design was based on <a href="/wiki/Ostrich" title="Ostrich">ostriches</a>, and to emphasize the birdlike qualities, the animation focused mostly on the herd rather than individual animals.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShay_&_Duncan1993135-202">[202]</a> As reference for the dinosaurs' run, the animators were filmed running at the ILM parking lot, with plastic pipes standing in as a fallen tree that the Gallimimus jump over.<a href="#cite_note-next-203">[203]</a> The footage inspired the incorporation of an animal falling, as one of the artists did trying to make the jump.<a href="#cite_note-back-189">[189]</a> Horse squeals became the Gallimimus's sounds.<a href="#cite_note-vult-204">[204]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parasaurolophus" title="Parasaurolophus">Parasaurolophus</a> appear in the background during the first encounter with the Brachiosaurus.<a href="#cite_note-205">[205]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triceratops" title="Triceratops">Triceratops</a> has an extended cameo, depicted as sick from eating a toxic plant. Its appearance was a logistical nightmare for Winston when Spielberg asked to shoot the animatronic of the sick creature earlier than expected.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShay_&_Duncan199383-206">[206]</a> The model, operated by eight puppeteers on Kaua'i, was the first dinosaur filmed during production,<a href="#cite_note-dawn-14">[14]</a> and was the only one brought to Hawaii for filming.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShay_&_Duncan199359-37">[37]</a> Winston also created a baby Triceratops for Richards to ride, a scene cut from the script for pacing reasons.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShay_&_Duncan199364-207">[207]</a> Rydstrom combined the sound of himself breathing into a cardboard tube with the cows near his workplace at <a href="/wiki/Skywalker_Ranch" title="Skywalker Ranch">Skywalker Ranch</a> to create the Triceratops vocals.<a href="#cite_note-vult-204">[204]</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Tyrannosaurus" title="Tyrannosaurus">Tyrannosaurus</a> (an individual later referred to by fans as "<a href="/wiki/Rexy" title="Rexy">Rexy</a>")<a href="#cite_note-208">[208]</a> was partly represented by a life-sized animatronic, which stood 6.1 metres (20 ft), weighed 7,900 kilograms (17,400 lb),<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShay_&_Duncan199395–105-209">[209]</a> and was 12 metres (40 ft) long.<a href="#cite_note-magic-210">[210]</a> It was the largest creature made by Winston's studio up to that point.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShay_&_Duncan1993104-211">[211]</a> Horner called it "the closest I've ever been to a live dinosaur".<a href="#cite_note-magic-210">[210]</a> While the consulting paleontologists did not agree on the dinosaur's movement, particularly its running capabilities, animator <a href="/wiki/Steve_Williams_(animator)" title="Steve Williams (animator)">Steve Williams</a> decided to "throw physics out the window and create a T. rex that moved at sixty miles per hour even though its hollow bones would have busted if it ran that fast".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShone2004217-212">[212]</a> The major reason was the T. rex chasing a Jeep, a scene that took two months to finish.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShay_&_Duncan1993144–6-198">[198]</a> The dinosaur is depicted with a vision system based on movement, though later studies indicate the T. rex had <a href="/wiki/Binocular_vision" title="Binocular vision">binocular vision</a> comparable to a <a href="/wiki/Bird_of_prey" title="Bird of prey">bird of prey</a>.<a href="#cite_note-213">[213]</a> Its roar is a baby <a href="/wiki/Elephant" title="Elephant">elephant</a>'s squeal combined with <a href="/wiki/Alligator" title="Alligator">alligator</a> and <a href="/wiki/Crocodile" title="Crocodile">crocodile</a> noises as well as a tiger's snarl and a lion's roar,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShay_&_Duncan1993144–6-198">[198]</a><a href="#cite_note-214">[214]</a><a href="#cite_note-215">[215]</a> its grunts those of a male <a href="/wiki/Koala" title="Koala">koala</a>,<a href="#cite_note-:0-216">[216]</a> and its breath a <a href="/wiki/Whale" title="Whale">whale</a>'s blow.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShay_&_Duncan1993144–6-198">[198]</a> A dog attacking a rope toy was used for the sounds of the T. rex tearing a Gallimimus apart,<a href="#cite_note-Earl_doc-27">[27]</a> while cut <a href="/wiki/Sequoia_(genus)" title="Sequoia (genus)">sequoias</a> crashing to the ground became the sound of its footsteps.<a href="#cite_note-pre-138">[138]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Velociraptor" title="Velociraptor">Velociraptor</a> plays a major role in the film. <a href="/wiki/Velociraptors_in_Jurassic_Park" title="Velociraptors in Jurassic Park">The creature's depiction</a> is not based on the actual dinosaur genus, which was significantly smaller. Crichton instead based his version on <a href="/wiki/Deinonychus" title="Deinonychus">Deinonychus</a>, which his research had indicated to be a Velociraptor relative.<a href="#cite_note-217">[217]</a> He kept the Velociraptor name as he thought it sounded more dramatic.<a href="#cite_note-218">[218]</a> Shortly before Jurassic Park's release,<a href="#cite_note-219">[219]</a> the similar <a href="/wiki/Utahraptor" title="Utahraptor">Utahraptor</a> was discovered, although it proved even bigger than the film's raptors. This prompted Winston to joke, "After we created it, they discovered it".<a href="#cite_note-magic-210">[210]</a> For the attack on Muldoon and parts of the kitchen sequence, the raptors were <a href="/wiki/Suitmation" class="mw-redirect" title="Suitmation">played by men in suits</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShay_&_Duncan1993113–114-220">[220]</a> Other methods would also be used to portray the dinosaurs, including on-set puppets.<a href="#cite_note-221">[221]</a> During a take on the kitchen set, one of the raptors slammed into Mazzello, who sustained a minor head injury from its hand claw.<a href="#cite_note-222">[222]</a><a href="#cite_note-223">[223]</a> <a href="/wiki/Dolphin" title="Dolphin">Dolphin</a> screams, <a href="/wiki/Walrus" title="Walrus">walruses</a> bellowing, <a href="/wiki/Geese" class="mw-redirect" title="Geese">geese</a> hissing,<a href="#cite_note-Earl_doc-27">[27]</a> <a href="/wiki/Grey-crowned_crane" class="mw-redirect" title="Grey-crowned crane">an African crane</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Mating_call" title="Mating call">mating call</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tortoise" title="Tortoise">tortoises</a> mating, and human rasps were mixed to formulate various raptor sounds.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShay_&_Duncan1993144–6-198">[198]</a><a href="#cite_note-:0-216">[216]</a><a href="#cite_note-vult-204">[204]</a> Following discoveries made after the film's release, most paleontologists theorize that <a href="/wiki/Dromaeosaur" class="mw-redirect" title="Dromaeosaur">dromaeosaurs</a> like Velociraptor and <a href="/wiki/Deinonychus" title="Deinonychus">Deinonychus</a> were <a href="/wiki/Feathered_dinosaur" title="Feathered dinosaur">covered with feathers</a> like modern birds. This feature is included in <a href="/wiki/Jurassic_Park_III" title="Jurassic Park III">Jurassic Park III</a> for the male raptors, which have a row of small quills on their heads.<a href="#cite_note-paul2002-224">[224]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Post-production">Post-production</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Jurassic_Park_(film)&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Post-production">edit</a>]</div> <a href="/wiki/Film_editing" title="Film editing">Editing</a> had already started during filming, and within days of wrapping, Kahn had a <a href="/wiki/Rough_cut" title="Rough cut">rough cut</a> ready, allowing Spielberg to start filming <a href="/wiki/Schindler%27s_List" title="Schindler's List">Schindler's List</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShay_&_Duncan1993123,_126-225">[225]</a> During this time, Spielberg left Kennedy in charge of the day-to-day <a href="/wiki/Post-production" title="Post-production">post-production</a> responsibilities on Jurassic Park.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShay_&_Duncan1993121–123-226">[226]</a> He monitored the progress while filming in Poland,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShay_&_Duncan1993138-227">[227]</a> and had teleconferences four times a week with ILM's crew.<a href="#cite_note-next-203">[203]</a> Spielberg estimated that 40 percent of the post-production process was done through this long-distance arrangement.<a href="#cite_note-BiggestMovie-69">[69]</a> He said working simultaneously on two vastly different productions was "a bipolar experience", where he used "every ounce of intuition on Schindler's List and every ounce of craft on Jurassic Park".<a href="#cite_note-next-203">[203]</a> Along with the digital effects, Spielberg wanted the film to be the first with digital sound. He funded the creation of <a href="/wiki/DTS_(sound_system)" class="mw-redirect" title="DTS (sound system)">DTS</a> (Digital Theater Systems) to allow audiences to "really hear the movie the way it was intended to be heard".<a href="#cite_note-next-203">[203]</a> The sound effects crew was supervised by Spielberg's friend and ILM founder <a href="/wiki/George_Lucas" title="George Lucas">George Lucas</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShay_&_Duncan1993123-228">[228]</a> Spielberg flew on weekends from Poland to Paris, where he met with sound designer <a href="/wiki/Gary_Rydstrom" title="Gary Rydstrom">Gary Rydstrom</a> for updates. Rydstrom considered the sound process fun, given the film had all kinds of noise—animal sounds, rain, gunshots, car crashes—and at times no music.<a href="#cite_note-next-203">[203]</a> The process was finished by the end of April 1993.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShay_&_Duncan1993144–6-198">[198]</a> As well as the CGI dinosaurs, ILM also created elements such as water splashing and digital face replacement for Ariana Richards's stunt double.<a href="#cite_note-Earl_doc-27">[27]</a> Software used to create the dinosaurs and other visual effects included <a href="/wiki/Pixar" title="Pixar">Pixar</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Pixar_RenderMan" title="Pixar RenderMan">RenderMan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Softimage_3D" title="Softimage 3D">Softimage 3D</a>.<a href="#cite_note-229">[229]</a><a href="#cite_note-230">[230]</a> ILM also used the program Viewpaint, which allowed the visual effects artists to paint color and texture directly onto the surface of the computer models.<a href="#cite_note-231">[231]</a> Jurassic Park was completed on May 28, 1993, after ILM concluded its CGI work.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShay_&_Duncan1993138,_147-232">[232]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Music">Music</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Jurassic_Park_(film)&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Music">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Jurassic_Park_(film_score)" title="Jurassic Park (film score)">Jurassic Park (film score)</a></div> <a href="/wiki/John_Williams" title="John Williams">John Williams</a>, a frequent composer of Spielberg's films,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShay_&_Duncan199359-37">[37]</a> began scoring Jurassic Park at the end of February 1993, and it was recorded a month later. <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Courage" title="Alexander Courage">Alexander Courage</a> and John Neufeld provided the score's <a href="/wiki/Orchestrations" class="mw-redirect" title="Orchestrations">orchestrations</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShay_&_Duncan1993144–6-198">[198]</a> As with the Spielberg film <a href="/wiki/Close_Encounters_of_the_Third_Kind" title="Close Encounters of the Third Kind">Close Encounters of the Third Kind</a>, Williams felt he needed to write "pieces that would convey a sense of 'awe' and fascination", given that the film dealt with the "overwhelming happiness and excitement" of seeing live dinosaurs. More suspenseful scenes such as the Tyrannosaurus attack required frightening themes.<a href="#cite_note-233">[233]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Jurassic_Park_(film_score)" title="Jurassic Park (film score)">first soundtrack album</a> was released on May 25, 1993.<a href="#cite_note-234">[234]</a> For the 20th anniversary of the film's release, a new soundtrack was issued for <a href="/wiki/Music_download" title="Music download">digital download</a> on April 9, 2013, including four bonus tracks selected by Williams.<a href="#cite_note-235">[235]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Marketing">Marketing</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Jurassic_Park_(film)&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Marketing">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tyrannosaurus_skeletal_diagram.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Tyrannosaurus_skeletal_diagram.jpg/220px-Tyrannosaurus_skeletal_diagram.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="114" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Tyrannosaurus_skeletal_diagram.jpg/330px-Tyrannosaurus_skeletal_diagram.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Tyrannosaurus_skeletal_diagram.jpg/440px-Tyrannosaurus_skeletal_diagram.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4940" data-file-height="2568" /></a><figcaption>1917 skeletal diagram of <a href="/wiki/Tyrannosaurus" title="Tyrannosaurus">Tyrannosaurus</a> published by <a href="/wiki/Henry_Fairfield_Osborn" title="Henry Fairfield Osborn">Henry Fairfield Osborn</a>, which was the basis of the novel's cover, and subsequently the logo of the movies.<a href="#cite_note-Logo-236">[236]</a></figcaption></figure> Universal took the lengthy pre-production period to carefully plan the Jurassic Park marketing campaign.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShone2004219-105">[105]</a> It cost $65 million and included deals with 100 companies to market 1,000 products.<a href="#cite_note-237">[237]</a><a href="#cite_note-238">[238]</a> These included: <a href="/wiki/Jurassic_Park_video_games" title="Jurassic Park video games">several Jurassic Park video games</a> by <a href="/wiki/Sega" title="Sega">Sega</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ocean_Software" title="Ocean Software">Ocean Software</a>;<a href="#cite_note-games-239">[239]</a> a toy line by <a href="/wiki/Kenner" class="mw-redirect" title="Kenner">Kenner</a> distributed by <a href="/wiki/Hasbro" title="Hasbro">Hasbro</a>;<a href="#cite_note-240">[240]</a> <a href="/wiki/McDonald%27s" title="McDonald's">McDonald's</a> "<a href="/wiki/Happy_Meal" title="Happy Meal">Dino-Sized meals</a>";<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShone2004219-105">[105]</a> and a <a href="/wiki/Novelization" title="Novelization">novelization</a> for young children.<a href="#cite_note-241">[241]</a> Much care was put into creating a logo that would serve to equally represent the fictional park and promote the movie and its tie-in products. Universal creative director Tom Martin joined forces with the design firm of Mike Salisbury, and out of 100 designs came one created by <a href="/wiki/Sandy_Collora" title="Sandy Collora">Sandy Collora</a>, one of Winston's employees. The design took the T. rex skeleton drawn by <a href="/wiki/Chip_Kidd" title="Chip Kidd">Chip Kidd</a> for the book's cover, put it into a circle, and added a rectangle with the title to create a badge-like structure. A jungle silhouette was added underneath for scale, and a <a href="/wiki/Neuland" title="Neuland">Neuland</a> typeface was used on the title.<a href="#cite_note-242">[242]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMottram202137-243">[243]</a> Neill recalled that the film was essentially marketed by Universal with the idea that the studio "could make huge blockbusters without 'movie stars", stating, "This was true enough, but I think it slightly irked us, the actors, to be reminded from time to time we were not real 'stars.'"<a href="#cite_note-244">[244]</a> Universal would instead tease the film's dinosaurs as the primary attraction.<a href="#cite_note-Brew-245">[245]</a> A <a href="/wiki/Teaser_trailer" title="Teaser trailer">teaser trailer</a> was released in December 1992, in which a mine worker discovers a piece of amber that would be used by the theme park. A full trailer debuted shortly thereafter, providing only a fleeting glimpse of the dinosaurs,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMottram2021124-246">[246]</a><a href="#cite_note-247">[247]</a> a tactic described by journalist Josh Horowitz, in 2007, as "that old Spielberg axiom of never revealing too much".<a href="#cite_note-248">[248]</a> The film was marketed with the <a href="/wiki/Tagline" title="Tagline">tagline</a> "An Adventure 65 Million Years in the Making". This was a joke Spielberg made on set about the genuine, thousands of years old mosquito in amber used for Hammond's walking stick.<a href="#cite_note-249">[249]</a> Jurassic Park was heavily marketed against its primary competitor, <a href="/wiki/Last_Action_Hero" title="Last Action Hero">Last Action Hero</a>, which ultimately struggled at the box office and with critics.<a href="#cite_note-Brew-245">[245]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Release">Release</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Jurassic_Park_(film)&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Release">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Theatrical">Theatrical</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Jurassic_Park_(film)&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Theatrical">edit</a>]</div> Jurassic Park <a href="/wiki/Premiere" title="Premiere">premiered</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Uptown_Theater_(Washington,_D.C.)" title="Uptown Theater (Washington, D.C.)">Uptown Theater</a> in <a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a> on June 9, 1993,<a href="#cite_note-250">[250]</a><a href="#cite_note-251">[251]</a> in support of two children's charities.<a href="#cite_note-252">[252]</a> The film had previews on 1,412 screens starting at 9:30 pm <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Daylight_Time" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Daylight Time">EDT</a> on Thursday, June 10, and officially opened on Friday in 2,404 theater locations and an estimated 3,400 screens.<a href="#cite_note-previews-253">[253]</a><a href="#cite_note-opening-254">[254]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShone2004224-255">[255]</a> Following the film's release, a traveling exhibition called "The Dinosaurs of Jurassic Park" began, showcasing dinosaur skeletons and film props.<a href="#cite_note-256">[256]</a> The film began its international release on June 25, in Brazil before further openings in South America and then rolling out around most of the rest of the world from July 16 until October.<a href="#cite_note-bil-257">[257]</a> The United Kingdom premiere helped save the Lyric Theatre in <a href="/wiki/Carmarthen" title="Carmarthen">Carmarthen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wales" title="Wales">Wales</a> from closure, an event chronicled in the 2022 film <a href="/wiki/Save_the_Cinema" title="Save the Cinema">Save the Cinema</a>.<a href="#cite_note-258">[258]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Re-releases">Re-releases</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Jurassic_Park_(film)&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Re-releases">edit</a>]</div> In anticipation of the <a href="/wiki/Blu-ray" title="Blu-ray">Blu-ray</a> release, Jurassic Park had a <a href="/wiki/Digital_cinema" title="Digital cinema">digital print</a> released in UK cinemas on September 23, 2011.<a href="#cite_note-259">[259]</a> It wound up grossing £245,422 ($786,021) from 276 theaters, finishing at eleventh on the weekend box office list.<a href="#cite_note-260">[260]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jurassic_Park_3D_Poster_2013.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b9/Jurassic_Park_3D_Poster_2013.jpg/170px-Jurassic_Park_3D_Poster_2013.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="269" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/b/b9/Jurassic_Park_3D_Poster_2013.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="251" data-file-height="397" /></a><figcaption>Poster for the 2013 3D re-release</figcaption></figure> Two years later, on the 20th anniversary of Jurassic Park, a <a href="/wiki/3-D_film" class="mw-redirect" title="3-D film">3D version</a> of the film was released in cinemas.<a href="#cite_note-261">[261]</a> Spielberg declared that he had produced the film with a sort of "subconscious 3D", as scenes feature animals walking toward the cameras and some effects of foreground and background overlay.<a href="#cite_note-usa-262">[262]</a> In 2011, he stated in an interview that Jurassic Park was the only one of his works he had considered for a conversion.<a href="#cite_note-263">[263]</a> Once he saw the 3D version of <a href="/wiki/Titanic_(1997_film)" title="Titanic (1997 film)">Titanic</a> in 2012, he liked the new look of the film so much that he hired the same retrofitting company, Stereo D. Spielberg and cinematographer <a href="/wiki/Janusz_Kami%C5%84ski" title="Janusz Kamiński">Janusz Kamiński</a> closely supervised the nine-month process in-between the production of <a href="/wiki/Lincoln_(2012_film)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lincoln (2012 film)">Lincoln</a>.<a href="#cite_note-usa-262">[262]</a><a href="#cite_note-264">[264]</a> Stereo D executive Aaron Parry said the conversion was an evolution of what the company had done with Titanic, "being able to capitalize on everything we learned with <a href="/wiki/James_Cameron" title="James Cameron">Jim</a> [James Cameron] on Titanic and take it into a different genre and movie, and one with so many technical achievements". The studio had the help of ILM, which contributed some elements and updated effects shots for a better visual enhancement.<a href="#cite_note-265">[265]</a> It opened in the United States and seven other territories on April 5, 2013,<a href="#cite_note-266">[266]</a> with other countries receiving the re-release over the following six months.<a href="#cite_note-m2-267">[267]</a> In 2018, the film was re-released in select theaters to celebrate its 25th anniversary.<a href="#cite_note-268">[268]</a><a href="#cite_note-269">[269]</a><a href="#cite_note-270">[270]</a> On August 25, 2023, the 3D version of the film was re-released in theaters to celebrate its 30th anniversary.<a href="#cite_note-271">[271]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Home_media">Home media</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Jurassic_Park_(film)&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Home media">edit</a>]</div> Jurassic Park was first officially released on <a href="/wiki/VHS" title="VHS">VHS</a> by <a href="/wiki/CIC_Video" title="CIC Video">CIC Video</a> on October 3, 1994, in the United Kingdom and Ireland, where it had an exclusive seven-week rental window before going on sale on November 21.<a href="#cite_note-rental-272">[272]</a> In the rest of the world, it was officially released on VHS and <a href="/wiki/LaserDisc" title="LaserDisc">LaserDisc</a> on October 4, 1994 (by <a href="/wiki/Universal_Pictures_Home_Entertainment" title="Universal Pictures Home Entertainment">MCA/Universal Home Video</a> in the United States).<a href="#cite_note-273">[273]</a> Despite the official release date, most US retailers decided not to wait that long and were selling it by 1 October.<a href="#cite_note-274">[274]</a> With 17 million units sold,<a href="#cite_note-275">[275]</a> Jurassic Park is the fifth-best-selling VHS tape ever.<a href="#cite_note-276">[276]</a> Three years later, a <a href="/wiki/THX" title="THX">THX</a> certified <a href="/wiki/Widescreen" title="Widescreen">Widescreen</a> VHS was released on September 9, 1997.<a href="#cite_note-277">[277]</a><a href="#cite_note-278">[278]</a> The film was also first released as a Collector's Edition <a href="/wiki/DVD" title="DVD">DVD</a> and <a href="/wiki/VHS" title="VHS">VHS</a> on October 10, 2000, in both Widescreen (1.85:1) and <a href="/wiki/Fullscreen_(filmmaking)" class="mw-redirect" title="Fullscreen (filmmaking)">Full Screen</a> (1.33:1) versions, and as part of a box set with the sequel <a href="/wiki/The_Lost_World:_Jurassic_Park" title="The Lost World: Jurassic Park">The Lost World: Jurassic Park</a> and both movies' soundtrack albums.<a href="#cite_note-279">[279]</a><a href="#cite_note-280">[280]</a> It was the 13th-best-selling DVD of 2000 counting both versions, finishing the year with 910,000 units sold.<a href="#cite_note-281">[281]</a> Following the release of Jurassic Park III, a new box set with all the films called Jurassic Park Trilogy was released on December 11, 2001.<a href="#cite_note-282">[282]</a> It was repackaged as Jurassic Park Adventure Pack on November 29, 2005.<a href="#cite_note-283">[283]</a> The trilogy was released on <a href="/wiki/Blu-ray" title="Blu-ray">Blu-ray</a> on October 25, 2011,<a href="#cite_note-284">[284]</a> debuting at number five on the Blu-ray charts,<a href="#cite_note-285">[285]</a> and nominated as the best release of the year by both the Las Vegas Film Critics Society<a href="#cite_note-LasVegas-286">[286]</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Saturn_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Saturn Award">Saturn Awards</a>.<a href="#cite_note-287">[287]</a> In 2012, Jurassic Park was among twenty-five films chosen by Universal for a box set celebrating the studio's 100th anniversary,<a href="#cite_note-288">[288]</a> while also receiving a standalone 100th anniversary Blu-ray featuring an <a href="/wiki/Augmented_reality" title="Augmented reality">augmented reality</a> cover.<a href="#cite_note-289">[289]</a> The following year, the 20th anniversary 3D conversion was issued on Blu-ray 3D.<a href="#cite_note-290">[290]</a> The film, alongside The Lost World, Jurassic Park III and Jurassic World, was released as part of a <a href="/wiki/Ultra_HD_Blu-ray" title="Ultra HD Blu-ray">4K Ultra HD</a> Blu-ray box set on May 22, 2018, in honor of the original film's 25th anniversary.<a href="#cite_note-291">[291]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Television_premiere">Television premiere</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Jurassic_Park_(film)&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Television premiere">edit</a>]</div> Jurassic Park was broadcast on television for the first time on <a href="/wiki/NBC" title="NBC">NBC</a> on May 7, 1995, following the April 26 airing of The Making of Jurassic Park.<a href="#cite_note-292">[292]</a> Some 68.12 million people tuned in, garnering NBC a 36 percent share of all available viewers that night. Jurassic Park was the <a href="/wiki/Nielsen_ratings" class="mw-redirect" title="Nielsen ratings">highest-rated</a> theatrical film broadcast on television by any network since the April 1987 airing of <a href="/wiki/Trading_Places" title="Trading Places">Trading Places</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Huff-293">[293]</a> In June–July 1995, the film aired a number of times on the <a href="/wiki/Turner_Network_Television" class="mw-redirect" title="Turner Network Television">Turner Network Television</a> (TNT) network.<a href="#cite_note-Huff-293">[293]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Reception">Reception</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Jurassic_Park_(film)&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Reception">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Box_office">Box office</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Jurassic_Park_(film)&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Box office">edit</a>]</div> Jurassic Park became the <a href="/wiki/List_of_highest-grossing_films" title="List of highest-grossing films">highest-grossing film</a> released worldwide up to that time, replacing Spielberg's own <a href="/wiki/E.T._the_Extra-Terrestrial" title="E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial">E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial</a> (1982).<a href="#cite_note-294">[294]</a> It grossed $3.1 million from Thursday night screenings in the United States and Canada on June 10, and $50.1 million in its first weekend from 2,404 theaters, breaking the opening weekend record set by <a href="/wiki/Batman_Returns" title="Batman Returns">Batman Returns</a> the year before.<a href="#cite_note-opening-254">[254]</a><a href="#cite_note-Brew-245">[245]</a> Jurassic Park held that record until 1995 when <a href="/wiki/Batman_Forever" title="Batman Forever">Batman Forever</a> took it.<a href="#cite_note-295">[295]</a> It grossed a record $81.7 million by the end of its first week,<a href="#cite_note-296">[296]</a> and reached $100 million in a record nine days,<a href="#cite_note-brazil-297">[297]</a> and remained at number one for three weeks. It eventually grossed $357 million in the U.S. and Canada, ranking <a href="/wiki/List_of_highest-grossing_films_in_the_United_States_and_Canada" title="List of highest-grossing films in the United States and Canada">second of all-time</a> behind E.T.<a href="#cite_note-298">[298]</a><a href="#cite_note-299">[299]</a> <a href="/wiki/Box_Office_Mojo" title="Box Office Mojo">Box Office Mojo</a> estimates the film sold over 86.2 million tickets in the US in its initial theatrical run.<a href="#cite_note-Mojo-3">[3]</a> Jurassic Park also did very well in international markets and was the first film to gross $500 million overseas, surpassing the record $280 million overseas gross of E.T.<a href="#cite_note-300">[300]</a><a href="#cite_note-500m-301">[301]</a> In Brazil, it also set an opening weekend record with a gross of $1,738,198 from 141 screens.<a href="#cite_note-brazil-297">[297]</a> It went on to break further opening records around the world including in the United Kingdom, Japan, India, South Korea, Mexico, Germany, Australia, Taiwan, Italy, Denmark, South Africa and France.<a href="#cite_note-japan-302">[302]</a><a href="#cite_note-dom-303">[303]</a><a href="#cite_note-it-304">[304]</a><a href="#cite_note-fr-305">[305]</a> In Japan, the film grossed $8.4 million from 237 screens in two days (including previews).<a href="#cite_note-japan-302">[302]</a> In the United Kingdom, Jurassic Park also beat the opening weekend record set by Batman Returns with a gross of £4.875 million ($7.4 million) from 434 screens, including a record £443,000 from Thursday night previews, and also beat <a href="/wiki/Terminator_2:_Judgment_Day" title="Terminator 2: Judgment Day">Terminator 2: Judgment Day</a>'s opening week record, with £9.2 million.<a href="#cite_note-japan-302">[302]</a><a href="#cite_note-306">[306]</a><a href="#cite_note-307">[307]</a><a href="#cite_note-stomp-308">[308]</a> The film held the UK record until it was beaten by <a href="/wiki/Independence_Day_(1996_film)" title="Independence Day (1996 film)">Independence Day</a> in 1996.<a href="#cite_note-309">[309]</a> After 12 days of grossing over £1 million a day, Jurassic Park was the eighth <a href="/wiki/List_of_highest-grossing_films_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="List of highest-grossing films in the United Kingdom">highest-grossing film of all time in the UK</a>.<a href="#cite_note-310">[310]</a> After just three weeks, it became the highest-grossing, surpassing <a href="/wiki/Ghost_(1990_film)" title="Ghost (1990 film)">Ghost</a> and eventually doubling the record with a gross of £47.9 million.<a href="#cite_note-311">[311]</a><a href="#cite_note-312">[312]</a> It spent a record eight consecutive weekends at the <a href="/wiki/List_of_1993_box_office_number-one_films_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="List of 1993 box office number-one films in the United Kingdom">top of the UK box office</a>.<a href="#cite_note-313">[313]</a> Jurassic Park would remain as Europe's box office leader before being surpassed by <a href="/wiki/Aladdin_(1992_Disney_film)" title="Aladdin (1992 Disney film)">Aladdin</a>.<a href="#cite_note-314">[314]</a> In Australia, the film had the widest release ever and was the first to open with a one-day gross of more than <a href="/wiki/Australian_dollar" title="Australian dollar">A$</a>1 million, grossing A$5,447,000 (US$3.6 million) in its first four days from 192 screens, beating the opening record of Terminator 2 and the weekly record set by <a href="/wiki/The_Bodyguard_(1992_film)" title="The Bodyguard (1992 film)">The Bodyguard</a> with a gross of A$6.8 million.<a href="#cite_note-20sep-315">[315]</a><a href="#cite_note-316">[316]</a><a href="#cite_note-dom-303">[303]</a> In the same weekend, it also set an opening record in Germany with a gross of <a href="/wiki/Deutsche_Mark" title="Deutsche Mark">DM</a> 16.8 million ($10.5 million) from 644 screens.<a href="#cite_note-dom-303">[303]</a><a href="#cite_note-20sep-315">[315]</a> In Italy, it had the widest release ever in 344 theaters and grossed a record <a href="/wiki/Italian_lira" title="Italian lira">Lire </a>9.5 billion ($6.1 million).<a href="#cite_note-it-304">[304]</a> After 115 days of release, it surpassed E.T. as the highest-grossing film worldwide of all time.<a href="#cite_note-317">[317]</a> It eventually opened in France on October 20, 1993, and grossed a record 75 million <a href="/wiki/French_franc" title="French franc">F</a> ($13 million) in its opening week from over 515 screens.<a href="#cite_note-318">[318]</a><a href="#cite_note-fr-305">[305]</a> Its first week admissions in France of almost 2.3 million surpassed the previous record set by <a href="/wiki/Rambo:_First_Blood_Part_II" title="Rambo: First Blood Part II">Rambo: First Blood Part II</a> in 1985.<a href="#cite_note-319">[319]</a> The film set all-time records in, among others, Germany, Hong Kong, Ireland, Israel, Japan (in US Dollars), Malaysia, Mexico, New Zealand, the Philippines, Singapore, Spain, Thailand and the United Kingdom.<a href="#cite_note-bil-257">[257]</a><a href="#cite_note-320">[320]</a><a href="#cite_note-321">[321]</a><a href="#cite_note-500m-301">[301]</a><a href="#cite_note-322">[322]</a><a href="#cite_note-323">[323]</a> Ultimately the film grossed $914 million worldwide in its initial release,<a href="#cite_note-original_release-6">[6]</a> with Spielberg reportedly earning over $250 million, the most a director or actor had earned from one film at the time.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcBride1997424-324">[324]</a><a href="#cite_note-bil-257">[257]</a> Its record gross was surpassed in 1998 by <a href="/wiki/Titanic_(1997_film)" title="Titanic (1997 film)">Titanic</a>, the first film to gross over $1 billion.<a href="#cite_note-325">[325]</a> The 3D re-release of Jurassic Park in 2013 opened at fourth place in the US, with $18.6 million from 2,771 locations. <a href="/wiki/IMAX" title="IMAX">IMAX</a> showings accounted for over $6 million, with the 32 percent being the highest IMAX share ever for a nationwide release.<a href="#cite_note-326">[326]</a> The international release had its most successful weekend in the last week of August, when it managed to climb to the top of the overseas box office with a $28.8 million debut in China.<a href="#cite_note-327">[327]</a> The reissue earned $45.4 million in the United States and Canada and $44.5 million internationally as of August 2013<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jurassic_Park_(film)&action=edit">[update]</a>,<a href="#cite_note-328">[328]</a> leading to a lifetime gross of $402.5 million and $628.7 million respectively, for a worldwide gross of $1.029 billion. Jurassic Park was the 17th film to surpass the $1 billion mark,<a href="#cite_note-329">[329]</a> and the only film by Universal to achieve this until 2015, when the studio released <a href="/wiki/Furious_7" title="Furious 7">Furious 7</a>, <a href="/wiki/Minions_(film)" title="Minions (film)">Minions</a>, and the fourth Jurassic Park installment <a href="/wiki/Jurassic_World" title="Jurassic World">Jurassic World</a>.<a href="#cite_note-330">[330]</a> Jurassic Park earned an additional $374,238 in 2018 for its 25th anniversary re-release.<a href="#cite_note-331">[331]</a> In June 2020, due to the <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic" title="COVID-19 pandemic">COVID-19 pandemic</a> closing most theaters worldwide and limiting what films played, Jurassic Park returned to 230 theaters (mostly drive-ins). It grossed $517,600, finishing in first for the fourth time in its history. It became the first time a re-issue topped the box office since <a href="/wiki/The_Lion_King" title="The Lion King">The Lion King</a> in September 2011.<a href="#cite_note-332">[332]</a> As of 2025, Jurassic Park remains among the 50 highest-grossing films of all time, both in the U.S. and Canada (not adjusted for inflation) and worldwide.<a href="#cite_note-333">[333]</a><a href="#cite_note-334">[334]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Critical_response">Critical response</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Jurassic_Park_(film)&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Critical response">edit</a>]</div> Review aggregation website <a href="/wiki/Rotten_Tomatoes" title="Rotten Tomatoes">Rotten Tomatoes</a> retrospectively reported an approval rating of 92% based on 142 reviews, with an average rating of 8.50/10. The site's critical consensus reads: "Jurassic Park is a spectacle of special effects and lifelike animatronics, with some of Spielberg's best sequences of sustained awe and sheer terror since <a href="/wiki/Jaws_(film)" title="Jaws (film)">Jaws</a>".<a href="#cite_note-Rotten-8">[8]</a> <a href="/wiki/Metacritic" title="Metacritic">Metacritic</a> gave the film a <a href="/wiki/Weighted_mean" class="mw-redirect" title="Weighted mean">weighted average</a> score of 68 out of 100, based on reviews from 20 critics, indicating "generally favorable reviews".<a href="#cite_note-metacritic-1">[1]</a> Audiences polled by <a href="/wiki/CinemaScore" title="CinemaScore">CinemaScore</a> gave the film an average grade of "A" on an A+ to F scale.<a href="#cite_note-335">[335]</a> <a href="/wiki/Janet_Maslin" title="Janet Maslin">Janet Maslin</a> of <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a> called it "a true movie milestone, presenting awe- and fear-inspiring sights never before seen on the screen [...] On paper, this story is tailor-made for Mr. Spielberg's talents [but] [i]t becomes less crisp on screen than it was on the page, with much of the enjoyable jargon either mumbled confusingly or otherwise thrown away".<a href="#cite_note-336">[336]</a> In <a href="/wiki/Rolling_Stone" title="Rolling Stone">Rolling Stone</a>, <a href="/wiki/Peter_Travers" title="Peter Travers">Peter Travers</a> called the film "colossal entertainment—the eye-popping, mind-bending, kick-out-the-jams thrill ride of summer and probably the year [...] Compared with the dinos, the characters are dry bones, indeed. Crichton and co-screenwriter David Koepp have flattened them into nonentities on the trip from page to screen".<a href="#cite_note-337">[337]</a> <a href="/wiki/Roger_Ebert" title="Roger Ebert">Roger Ebert</a> gave the film three stars out of four: "The movie delivers all too well on its promise to show us dinosaurs. We see them early and often, and they are indeed a triumph of special effects artistry, but the movie is lacking other qualities that it needs even more, such as a sense of awe and wonderment, and strong human story values".<a href="#cite_note-338">[338]</a> Henry Sheehan of <a href="/wiki/Sight_%26_Sound" class="mw-redirect" title="Sight & Sound">Sight & Sound</a> argued: "The complaints over Jurassic Park's lack of story and character sound a little off the point", pointing out the story arc of Grant learning to protect Hammond's grandchildren despite his initial dislike of them.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcBride1997421–422-67">[67]</a> <a href="/wiki/Empire_(film_magazine)" class="mw-redirect" title="Empire (film magazine)">Empire</a> magazine gave the film five stars, calling it "quite simply one of the greatest blockbusters of all time".<a href="#cite_note-339">[339]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Accolades">Accolades</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Jurassic_Park_(film)&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Accolades">edit</a>]</div> In March 1994, Jurassic Park won all three <a href="/wiki/Academy_Awards" title="Academy Awards">Academy Awards</a> for which it was nominated: <a href="/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Sound_Editing" class="mw-redirect" title="Academy Award for Best Sound Editing">Best Sound Editing</a>, <a href="/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Sound_Mixing" class="mw-redirect" title="Academy Award for Best Sound Mixing">Best Sound Mixing</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Visual_Effects" title="Academy Award for Best Visual Effects">Best Visual Effects</a> (at the same ceremony, Spielberg, editor Michael Kahn, and composer John Williams won Academy Awards for <a href="/wiki/Schindler%27s_List" title="Schindler's List">Schindler's List</a>).<a href="#cite_note-340">[340]</a> The film won honors outside the U.S. including the 1994 <a href="/wiki/British_Academy_of_Film_and_Television_Arts" title="British Academy of Film and Television Arts">BAFTA</a> for <a href="/wiki/BAFTA_Award_for_Best_Special_Visual_Effects" title="BAFTA Award for Best Special Visual Effects">Best Special Effects</a>, as well as the Award for the Public's Favorite Film.<a href="#cite_note-341">[341]</a> It won the 1994 <a href="/wiki/Hugo_Award" title="Hugo Award">Hugo Award</a> for <a href="/wiki/Hugo_Award_for_Best_Dramatic_Presentation" title="Hugo Award for Best Dramatic Presentation">Best Dramatic Presentation</a>,<a href="#cite_note-342">[342]</a> and the 1993 <a href="/wiki/Saturn_Awards" title="Saturn Awards">Saturn Awards</a> for <a href="/wiki/Saturn_Award_for_Best_Science_Fiction_Film" title="Saturn Award for Best Science Fiction Film">Best Science Fiction Film</a>, <a href="/wiki/Saturn_Award_for_Best_Director" title="Saturn Award for Best Director">Best Direction</a>, <a href="/wiki/Saturn_Award_for_Best_Writing" title="Saturn Award for Best Writing">Best Writing</a> for Crichton and Koepp and <a href="/wiki/Saturn_Award_for_Best_Special_Effects" title="Saturn Award for Best Special Effects">Best Special Effects</a>.<a href="#cite_note-sat-343">[343]</a> The film won the 1993 <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Choice_Awards" title="People's Choice Awards">People's Choice Awards</a> for Favorite All-Around Motion Picture.<a href="#cite_note-344">[344]</a> <a href="/wiki/Young_Artist_Award" title="Young Artist Award">Young Artist Awards</a> were given to Ariana Richards and Joseph Mazzello, with the film winning an Outstanding Action/Adventure Family Motion Picture award.<a href="#cite_note-345">[345]</a> <table class="wikitable sortable" style="width:99%;"> <tbody><tr> <th class="unsortable;">Year</th> <th>Award</th> <th>Category</th> <th>Nominees</th> <th>Result </th></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;">1993 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bambi_Awards" class="mw-redirect" title="Bambi Awards">Bambi Awards</a><a href="#cite_note-346">[346]</a> </td> <td>International Film </td> <td>Jurassic Park </td> <td style="background: #9EFF9E; color: #000; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="yes table-yes2 notheme">Won </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;" rowspan="33">1994 </td> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/66th_Academy_Awards" title="66th Academy Awards">66th Academy Awards</a><a href="#cite_note-Oscars1994-347">[347]</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Sound_Editing" class="mw-redirect" title="Academy Award for Best Sound Editing">Best Sound Effects Editing</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Gary_Rydstrom" title="Gary Rydstrom">Gary Rydstrom</a> and <a href="/wiki/Richard_Hymns" title="Richard Hymns">Richard Hymns</a> </td> <td style="background: #9EFF9E; color: #000; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="yes table-yes2 notheme">Won </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Sound_Mixing" class="mw-redirect" title="Academy Award for Best Sound Mixing">Best Sound</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Gary_Summers" title="Gary Summers">Gary Summers</a>, Gary Rydstrom, <a href="/wiki/Shawn_Murphy_(sound_engineer)" title="Shawn Murphy (sound engineer)">Shawn Murphy</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ron_Judkins" title="Ron Judkins">Ron Judkins</a> </td> <td style="background: #9EFF9E; color: #000; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="yes table-yes2 notheme">Won </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Visual_Effects" title="Academy Award for Best Visual Effects">Best Visual Effects</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Dennis_Muren" title="Dennis Muren">Dennis Muren</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stan_Winston" title="Stan Winston">Stan Winston</a>, <a href="/wiki/Phil_Tippett" title="Phil Tippett">Phil Tippett</a> and <a href="/wiki/Michael_Lantieri" title="Michael Lantieri">Michael Lantieri</a> </td> <td style="background: #9EFF9E; color: #000; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="yes table-yes2 notheme">Won </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="11"><a href="/wiki/Saturn_Awards" title="Saturn Awards">Saturn Awards</a><a href="#cite_note-sat-343">[343]</a> </td> <td>Best Director </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Steven_Spielberg" title="Steven Spielberg">Steven Spielberg</a> </td> <td style="background: #9EFF9E; color: #000; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="yes table-yes2 notheme">Won </td></tr> <tr> <td>Best Science Fiction Film </td> <td>Jurassic Park </td> <td style="background: #9EFF9E; color: #000; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="yes table-yes2 notheme">Won </td></tr> <tr> <td>Best Special Effects </td> <td>Dennis Muren, Stan Winston, Phil Tippett and Michael Lantieri </td> <td style="background: #9EFF9E; color: #000; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="yes table-yes2 notheme">Won </td></tr> <tr> <td>Best Writing </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Michael_Crichton" title="Michael Crichton">Michael Crichton</a> and <a href="/wiki/David_Koepp" title="David Koepp">David Koepp</a> </td> <td style="background: #9EFF9E; color: #000; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="yes table-yes2 notheme">Won </td></tr> <tr> <td>Best Actress </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Laura_Dern" title="Laura Dern">Laura Dern</a> </td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="no table-no2 notheme">Nominated </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2">Best Supporting Actor </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Jeff_Goldblum" title="Jeff Goldblum">Jeff Goldblum</a> </td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="no table-no2 notheme">Nominated </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Wayne_Knight" title="Wayne Knight">Wayne Knight</a> </td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="no table-no2 notheme">Nominated </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2">Best Performance by a Young Actor </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Mazzello" title="Joseph Mazzello">Joseph Mazzello</a> </td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="no table-no2 notheme">Nominated </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Ariana_Richards" title="Ariana Richards">Ariana Richards</a> </td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="no table-no2 notheme">Nominated </td></tr> <tr> <td>Best Music </td> <td><a href="/wiki/John_Williams" title="John Williams">John Williams</a> </td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="no table-no2 notheme">Nominated </td></tr> <tr> <td>Best Costumes </td> <td> </td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="no table-no2 notheme">Nominated </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Japan_Academy_Prize_(film)" class="mw-redirect" title="Japan Academy Prize (film)">Awards of the Japanese Academy</a><a href="#cite_note-348">[348]</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Japan_Academy_Prize_for_Outstanding_Foreign_Language_Film" class="mw-redirect" title="Japan Academy Prize for Outstanding Foreign Language Film">Best Foreign Film</a> </td> <td>Jurassic Park </td> <td style="background: #9EFF9E; color: #000; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="yes table-yes2 notheme">Won </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/BAFTA_Awards" class="mw-redirect" title="BAFTA Awards">BAFTA Awards</a><a href="#cite_note-BAFTA1993-349">[349]</a> </td> <td>Best Special Effects </td> <td>Dennis Muren, Stan Winston, Phil Tippett and Michael Lantieri </td> <td style="background: #9EFF9E; color: #000; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="yes table-yes2 notheme">Won </td></tr> <tr> <td>Best Sound </td> <td>Gary Summers, Gary Rydstrom, Shawn Murphy and Ron Judkins </td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="no table-no2 notheme">Nominated </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/BMI_Film_Music_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="BMI Film Music Award">BMI Film Music Award</a><a href="#cite_note-350">[350]</a> </td> <td>BMI Film Music Award </td> <td>John Williams </td> <td style="background: #9EFF9E; color: #000; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="yes table-yes2 notheme">Won </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Blue_Ribbon_Awards" title="Blue Ribbon Awards">Blue Ribbon Awards</a><a href="#cite_note-351">[351]</a> </td> <td>Best Foreign Language Film </td> <td>Steven Spielberg </td> <td style="background: #9EFF9E; color: #000; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="yes table-yes2 notheme">Won </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Bram_Stoker_Award" title="Bram Stoker Award">Bram Stoker Award</a><a href="#cite_note-Bram1993-352">[352]</a> </td> <td>Screenplay </td> <td>Michael Crichton and David Koepp </td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="no table-no2 notheme">Nominated </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Cinema_Audio_Society" class="mw-redirect" title="Cinema Audio Society">Cinema Audio Society</a><a href="#cite_note-353">[353]</a> </td> <td>Outstanding Achievement in Sound Mixing for a Feature Film </td> <td>Gary Summers, Gary Rydstrom, Shawn Murphy and Ron Judkins </td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="no table-no2 notheme">Nominated </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Czech_Lions" class="mw-redirect" title="Czech Lions">Czech Lions</a><a href="#cite_note-354">[354]</a> </td> <td>Best Foreign Language Film </td> <td>Steven Spielberg </td> <td style="background: #9EFF9E; color: #000; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="yes table-yes2 notheme">Won </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Grammy_Awards" title="Grammy Awards">Grammy Awards</a><a href="#cite_note-1994Grammy-355">[355]</a> </td> <td>Best Instrumental Composition Written for a Motion Picture or for Television </td> <td>John Williams </td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="no table-no2 notheme">Nominated </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/MTV_Movie_Awards" class="mw-redirect" title="MTV Movie Awards">MTV Movie Awards</a><a href="#cite_note-1994MTV-356">[356]</a> </td> <td>Best Action Sequence </td> <td> </td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="no table-no2 notheme">Nominated </td></tr> <tr> <td>Best Movie </td> <td>Jurassic Park </td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="no table-no2 notheme">Nominated </td></tr> <tr> <td>Best Villain </td> <td>T. rex </td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="no table-no2 notheme">Nominated </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Mainichi_Film_Concours" class="mw-redirect" title="Mainichi Film Concours">Mainichi Film Concours</a><a href="#cite_note-357">[357]</a> </td> <td>Best Foreign Language Film (Fan Choice) </td> <td>Steven Spielberg </td> <td style="background: #9EFF9E; color: #000; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="yes table-yes2 notheme">Won </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Motion_Picture_Sound_Editors" title="Motion Picture Sound Editors">Motion Picture Sound Editors</a><a href="#cite_note-358">[358]</a> </td> <td>Best Sound Editing </td> <td> </td> <td style="background: #9EFF9E; color: #000; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="yes table-yes2 notheme">Won </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Choice_Awards" title="People's Choice Awards">People's Choice Awards</a><a href="#cite_note-PeoplesChoice-359">[359]</a> </td> <td>Favorite Motion Picture </td> <td>Jurassic Park </td> <td style="background: #9EFF9E; color: #000; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="yes table-yes2 notheme">Won </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Young_Artist_Awards" class="mw-redirect" title="Young Artist Awards">Young Artist Awards</a><a href="#cite_note-YoungArtist-360">[360]</a> </td> <td>Best Youth Actor Co-Starring in a Motion Picture Drama </td> <td>Joseph Mazzello </td> <td style="background: #9EFF9E; color: #000; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="yes table-yes2 notheme">Won </td></tr> <tr> <td>Best Youth Actress Leading Role in a Motion Picture Drama </td> <td>Ariana Richards </td> <td style="background: #9EFF9E; color: #000; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="yes table-yes2 notheme">Won </td></tr> <tr> <td>Outstanding Family Motion Picture – Action/Adventure </td> <td>Jurassic Park </td> <td style="background: #9EFF9E; color: #000; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="yes table-yes2 notheme">Won </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Hugo_Awards" class="mw-redirect" title="Hugo Awards">Hugo Awards</a><a href="#cite_note-1994Hugo-361">[361]</a> </td> <td>Best Dramatic Presentation </td> <td>Jurassic Park </td> <td style="background: #9EFF9E; color: #000; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="yes table-yes2 notheme">Won </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legacy">Legacy</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Jurassic_Park_(film)&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Legacy">edit</a>]</div> Over the years, film critics and industry professionals have often cited Jurassic Park as one of the greatest and most influential movies in history. In 2001, the <a href="/wiki/American_Film_Institute" title="American Film Institute">American Film Institute</a> named Jurassic Park the 35th-most thrilling film of all time.<a href="#cite_note-362">[362]</a> Two years later, <a href="/wiki/Empire_(film_magazine)" class="mw-redirect" title="Empire (film magazine)">Empire</a> called the first encounter with a Brachiosaurus the 28th-most magical moment in cinema.<a href="#cite_note-363">[363]</a> In 2004, Empire judged Jurassic Park to be the sixth-most influential film in the magazine's 15-year lifetime.<a href="#cite_note-influence-364">[364]</a> <a href="/wiki/Film_Review_(magazine)" title="Film Review (magazine)">Film Review</a>, in 2005, declared the film to be one of the five most important in the magazine's 55-year history.<a href="#cite_note-365">[365]</a> Jurassic Park is included in the book <a href="/wiki/1001_Movies_You_Must_See_Before_You_Die" title="1001 Movies You Must See Before You Die">1001 Movies You Must See Before You Die</a>,<a href="#cite_note-366">[366]</a> and in a 2007 list by <a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a> of "1000 films to see before you die".<a href="#cite_note-367">[367]</a> In 2008, an Empire poll of readers, filmmakers, and critics also rated it one of the 500 greatest films of all time.<a href="#cite_note-368">[368]</a> In a 2010 poll, the readers of <a href="/wiki/Entertainment_Weekly" title="Entertainment Weekly">Entertainment Weekly</a> rated it the greatest summer movie of the previous 20 years.<a href="#cite_note-369">[369]</a> In 2014, it was ranked as one of the 50 greatest films of all time in an extensive poll undertaken by <a href="/wiki/The_Hollywood_Reporter" title="The Hollywood Reporter">The Hollywood Reporter</a>, which balloted every studio, agency, publicity firm and production house in the <a href="/wiki/Hollywood,_Los_Angeles" title="Hollywood, Los Angeles">Hollywood</a> region.<a href="#cite_note-370">[370]</a> In 2018, Jurassic Park was selected for preservation in the United States <a href="/wiki/National_Film_Registry" title="National Film Registry">National Film Registry</a> by the <a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress" title="Library of Congress">Library of Congress</a>, which deemed it "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant".<a href="#cite_note-371">[371]</a> In 2019, <a href="/wiki/Mattel" title="Mattel">Mattel</a> produced a line of new toys, including figures based on the film's characters.<a href="#cite_note-372">[372]</a> The film's 30th anniversary was marked with the release of various merchandise,<a href="#cite_note-373">[373]</a> including new toys from Mattel and <a href="/wiki/Lego" title="Lego">Lego</a>,<a href="#cite_note-374">[374]</a><a href="#cite_note-375">[375]</a> as well as an event at <a href="/wiki/San_Diego_Comic-Con" title="San Diego Comic-Con">San Diego Comic-Con</a>.<a href="#cite_note-376">[376]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Impact">Impact</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Jurassic_Park_(film)&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Impact">edit</a>]</div> Jurassic Park had a wide-ranging impact, particularly as an influence on other films due to its breakthrough use of <a href="/wiki/Computer-generated_imagery" title="Computer-generated imagery">computer-generated imagery</a>.<a href="#cite_note-377">[377]</a><a href="#cite_note-378">[378]</a><a href="#cite_note-379">[379]</a> The film is regarded as a landmark for <a href="/wiki/Visual_effects" title="Visual effects">visual effects</a>.<a href="#cite_note-380">[380]</a><a href="#cite_note-381">[381]</a><a href="#cite_note-382">[382]</a> Film historian <a href="/wiki/Tom_Shone" title="Tom Shone">Tom Shone</a> said of the film's innovation and influence, "in its way, Jurassic Park heralded a revolution in movies as profound as the coming of sound in 1927".<a href="#cite_note-383">[383]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShone2004213-384">[384]</a> Numerous filmmakers saw the effects as a realization that many of their visions, previously thought unfeasible or too expensive, were now possible.<a href="#cite_note-influence-364">[364]</a> ILM owner <a href="/wiki/George_Lucas" title="George Lucas">George Lucas</a>, realizing the success of creating realistic live dinosaurs by his own company, started to make the <a href="/wiki/Star_Wars" title="Star Wars">Star Wars</a> prequels;<a href="#cite_note-385">[385]</a> <a href="/wiki/Stanley_Kubrick" title="Stanley Kubrick">Stanley Kubrick</a> decided to invest in pet project <a href="/wiki/A.I._Artificial_Intelligence" title="A.I. Artificial Intelligence">A.I. Artificial Intelligence</a>, which he later got Spielberg to direct;<a href="#cite_note-influence-364">[364]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Peter_Jackson" title="Peter Jackson">Peter Jackson</a> began to re-explore his childhood love of <a href="/wiki/Fantasy_film" title="Fantasy film">fantasy films</a>, a path that led him to <a href="/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings_(film_series)" title="The Lord of the Rings (film series)">The Lord of the Rings</a> and <a href="/wiki/King_Kong_(2005_film)" title="King Kong (2005 film)">King Kong</a>.<a href="#cite_note-386">[386]</a> Jurassic Park also inspired films and documentaries with dinosaurs such as the American adaptation of <a href="/wiki/Godzilla_(1998_film)" title="Godzilla (1998 film)">Godzilla</a>, <a href="/wiki/Carnosaur_(film)" title="Carnosaur (film)">Carnosaur</a> (in which Dern's mother <a href="/wiki/Diane_Ladd" title="Diane Ladd">Diane Ladd</a> starred), and <a href="/wiki/Walking_with_Dinosaurs" title="Walking with Dinosaurs">Walking with Dinosaurs</a>.<a href="#cite_note-influence-364">[364]</a> Winston, enthusiastic about the new technology pioneered by the film, joined with <a href="/wiki/IBM" title="IBM">IBM</a> and director <a href="/wiki/James_Cameron" title="James Cameron">James Cameron</a> to form a new special effects company, <a href="/wiki/Digital_Domain" title="Digital Domain">Digital Domain</a>.<a href="#cite_note-387">[387]</a> Jurassic Park was also praised for its modern portrayal of dinosaurs.<a href="#cite_note-Cool-388">[388]</a> The film has been said to have given rise to a Jurassic Park generation: young people who were inspired to become paleontologists.<a href="#cite_note-389">[389]</a> Among the general public, the film also created an interest in dinosaurs, leading to increased funding for paleontology. This, combined with the rising number of paleontologists, resulted in a surge of dinosaur discoveries.<a href="#cite_note-Cool-388">[388]</a> Jurassic Park's impact extended internationally. It started a trend of dubbing US films into <a href="/wiki/Hindi" title="Hindi">Hindi</a> for the Indian market and was the highest-grossing US film in India at the time with a gross of $3 million.<a href="#cite_note-390">[390]</a> In Canada, the <a href="/wiki/Toronto_Raptors" title="Toronto Raptors">Toronto Raptors</a>, a <a href="/wiki/National_Basketball_Association" title="National Basketball Association">National Basketball Association</a> team founded in 1995, was named so as a result of the film's popularity.<a href="#cite_note-391">[391]</a> In addition, fans watch the team's playoff games on a large television at <a href="/wiki/Maple_Leaf_Square" title="Maple Leaf Square">Maple Leaf Square</a>, nicknamed Jurassic Park.<a href="#cite_note-392">[392]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Franchise">Franchise</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Jurassic_Park_(film)&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Franchise">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Jurassic_Park" title="Jurassic Park">Jurassic Park</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jurassic_Park_video_games" title="Jurassic Park video games">Jurassic Park video games</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Discovery_Center.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="The gateway to a facility reading "Jurassic Park" at the top, "Discovery Center" at the bottom, and a rocky panel with a Tyrannosaurus skeleton in-between." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Discovery_Center.jpg/220px-Discovery_Center.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Discovery_Center.jpg/330px-Discovery_Center.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Discovery_Center.jpg/440px-Discovery_Center.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>The Jurassic Park Discovery Center at <a href="/wiki/Islands_of_Adventure" class="mw-redirect" title="Islands of Adventure">Islands of Adventure</a></figcaption></figure> Jurassic Park was the beginning of a multimedia franchise. Following the film's success, Crichton wrote a sequel novel, titled <a href="/wiki/The_Lost_World_(Crichton_novel)" title="The Lost World (Crichton novel)">The Lost World</a> and released in 1995. Spielberg and Koepp returned respectively as director and writer for the 1997 film adaptation, <a href="/wiki/The_Lost_World:_Jurassic_Park" title="The Lost World: Jurassic Park">The Lost World: Jurassic Park</a>.<a href="#cite_note-393">[393]</a> Crichton did not write any further novels in the series, although additional films would be made, featuring previously unused elements from the two books. Spielberg has served as executive producer for subsequent films,<a href="#cite_note-394">[394]</a> which include <a href="/wiki/Jurassic_Park_III" title="Jurassic Park III">Jurassic Park III</a> (2001), <a href="/wiki/Jurassic_World" title="Jurassic World">Jurassic World</a> (2015), <a href="/wiki/Jurassic_World:_Fallen_Kingdom" title="Jurassic World: Fallen Kingdom">Jurassic World: Fallen Kingdom</a> (2018), <a href="/wiki/Jurassic_World_Dominion" title="Jurassic World Dominion">Jurassic World Dominion</a> (2022), and <a href="/wiki/Jurassic_World_Rebirth" title="Jurassic World Rebirth">Jurassic World Rebirth</a> (2025). The original film remains the highest rated among critics.<a href="#cite_note-395">[395]</a><a href="#cite_note-396">[396]</a> The film's story was originally continued in <a href="/wiki/Jurassic_Park#Comics" title="Jurassic Park">numerous comics</a>, starting in 1993.<a href="#cite_note-Popv-397">[397]</a> Two video game sequels, <a href="/wiki/Jurassic_Park_2:_The_Chaos_Continues" title="Jurassic Park 2: The Chaos Continues">Jurassic Park 2: The Chaos Continues</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jurassic_Park:_Rampage_Edition" title="Jurassic Park: Rampage Edition">Jurassic Park: Rampage Edition</a>, would also be released in 1994. <a href="/wiki/Jurassic_Park:_Operation_Genesis" title="Jurassic Park: Operation Genesis">Jurassic Park: Operation Genesis</a>, based on the film's concept of building a dinosaur theme park, was released in 2003. Two subsequent games are set shortly after the events of the film – <a href="/wiki/Jurassic_Park:_The_Game" title="Jurassic Park: The Game">Jurassic Park: The Game</a>, released in 2011;<a href="#cite_note-games-239">[239]</a><a href="#cite_note-Popv-397">[397]</a> and the upcoming <a href="/wiki/Jurassic_Park:_Survival_(upcoming_video_game)" class="mw-redirect" title="Jurassic Park: Survival (upcoming video game)">Jurassic Park: Survival</a>, announced in 2023.<a href="#cite_note-398">[398]</a> The film's success also resulted in theme park attractions, with <a href="/wiki/Jurassic_Park:_The_Ride" title="Jurassic Park: The Ride">Jurassic Park: The Ride</a> opening at <a href="/wiki/Universal_Studios_Hollywood" title="Universal Studios Hollywood">Universal Studios Hollywood</a> in 1996. <a href="/wiki/Universal_Destinations_%26_Experiences" title="Universal Destinations & Experiences">Other Universal parks</a> would subsequently add their own <a href="/wiki/Jurassic_Park#Theme_park_rides" title="Jurassic Park">Jurassic Park rides</a>.<a href="#cite_note-399">[399]</a> <a href="/wiki/Islands_of_Adventure" class="mw-redirect" title="Islands of Adventure">Islands of Adventure</a>, opened in <a href="/wiki/Orlando,_Florida" title="Orlando, Florida">Orlando, Florida</a> in 1999,<a href="#cite_note-400">[400]</a> has an entire section dedicated to Jurassic Park that includes many rides and attractions.<a href="#cite_note-401">[401]</a><a href="#cite_note-402">[402]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Jurassic_Park_(film)&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_films_featuring_dinosaurs" title="List of films featuring dinosaurs">List of films featuring dinosaurs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Survival_film" title="Survival film">Survival film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mundane_science_fiction" title="Mundane science fiction">Mundane science fiction</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Jurassic_Park_(film)&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-metacritic-1">^ <a href="#cite_ref-metacritic_1-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-metacritic_1-1">b</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.metacritic.com/movie/jurassic-park">"Jurassic Park Reviews"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Metacritic" title="Metacritic">Metacritic</a>. <a href="/wiki/CBS_Interactive" class="mw-redirect" title="CBS 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Retrieved February 9, 2025. <q>In the book Gennaro is much braver and useful, with the character in the film being more of a amalgam of that character and the unused character of the island's cowardly PR manager Ed Regis.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=GamesRadar&rft.atitle=The+10+craziest+Jurassic+Park+book+scenes+that+should+have+made+the+movie&rft.date=2017-06-15&rft.aulast=Skipper&rft.aufirst=Ben&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gamesradar.com%2F10-craziest-jurassic-park-outtakes%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJurassic+Park+%28film%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Wong15-72">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Wong15_72-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Wong15_72-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGuerrasio2015" class="citation news cs1">Guerrasio, Jason (June 24, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/bd-wong-blames-racial-exclusion-for-small-jurassic-park-role-2015-6">"Actor BD Wong blames 'racial exclusion in Hollywood' for his small role in 'Jurassic Park'"</a>. 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Czech Film and Television Academy. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140116111244/http://www.kinobox.cz/oceneni/ceskylev/1993">Archived</a> from the original on January 16, 2014. 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Retrieved February 15, 2025.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Wired&rft.atitle=An+Oral+History+of+Jurassic+Park%3A+The+Ride&rft.date=2023-06-09&rft.aulast=Eakin&rft.aufirst=Marah&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wired.com%2Fstory%2Fjurassic-park-the-ride-oral-history%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJurassic+Park+%28film%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-400"><a href="#cite_ref-400">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChieffi2020" class="citation web cs1">Chieffi, Tarah (December 4, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.syfy.com/syfy-wire/universal-orlando-jurassic-park-canon-backstory">"The untold backstory (and complicated canon) of Universal Orlando's Jurassic Park"</a>. Syfy. Retrieved February 15, 2025.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Syfy&rft.atitle=The+untold+backstory+%28and+complicated+canon%29+of+Universal+Orlando%27s+Jurassic+Park&rft.date=2020-12-04&rft.aulast=Chieffi&rft.aufirst=Tarah&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.syfy.com%2Fsyfy-wire%2Funiversal-orlando-jurassic-park-canon-backstory&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJurassic+Park+%28film%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-401"><a href="#cite_ref-401">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=CtgjAAAAIBAJ&pg=4775%2C1768543">"Challenging Disney"</a>. Ocala <a href="/wiki/Star-Banner" class="mw-redirect" title="Star-Banner">Star-Banner</a>. April 4, 1999. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210517224731/https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=CtgjAAAAIBAJ&pg=4775%2C1768543">Archived</a> from the original on May 17, 2021. Retrieved April 14, 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ocala+Star-Banner&rft.atitle=Challenging+Disney&rft.date=1999-04-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.google.com%2Fnewspapers%3Fid%3DCtgjAAAAIBAJ%26pg%3D4775%252C1768543&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJurassic+Park+%28film%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-402"><a href="#cite_ref-402">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchneider1998" class="citation news cs1">Schneider, Mike (July 5, 1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=18JOAAAAIBAJ&pg=3142%2C2443001">"Theme Parks Set in Motion Around Conference Tables"</a>. Lakeland Ledger. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210517224730/https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=18JOAAAAIBAJ&pg=3142%2C2443001">Archived</a> from the original on May 17, 2021. Retrieved April 13, 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Lakeland+Ledger&rft.atitle=Theme+Parks+Set+in+Motion+Around+Conference+Tables&rft.date=1998-07-05&rft.aulast=Schneider&rft.aufirst=Mike&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.google.com%2Fnewspapers%3Fid%3D18JOAAAAIBAJ%26pg%3D3142%252C2443001&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJurassic+Park+%28film%29" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Jurassic_Park_(film)&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Bibliography">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcBride1997" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Joseph_McBride_(writer)" title="Joseph McBride (writer)">McBride, Joseph</a> (1997). Steven Spielberg. Faber and Faber. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-571-19177-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-571-19177-0"><bdi>0-571-19177-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Steven+Spielberg&rft.pub=Faber+and+Faber&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=0-571-19177-0&rft.aulast=McBride&rft.aufirst=Joseph&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJurassic+Park+%28film%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRyfle1998" class="citation book cs1">Ryfle, Steve (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/japansfavoritemo0000ryfl">Japan's Favorite Mon-Star: The Unauthorized Biography of the Big G</a>. <a href="/wiki/ECW_Press" title="ECW Press">ECW Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-55022-348-8" title="Special:BookSources/1-55022-348-8"><bdi>1-55022-348-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Japan%27s+Favorite+Mon-Star%3A+The+Unauthorized+Biography+of+the+Big+G&rft.pub=ECW+Press&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=1-55022-348-8&rft.aulast=Ryfle&rft.aufirst=Steve&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fjapansfavoritemo0000ryfl&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJurassic+Park+%28film%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShay_&_Duncan1993" class="citation book cs1">Shay, Don; Duncan, Jody (1993). The Making of Jurassic Park: An Adventure 65 million Years in the Making. Boxtree Limited. p. 61. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-85283-774-8" title="Special:BookSources/1-85283-774-8"><bdi>1-85283-774-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Making+of+Jurassic+Park%3A+An+Adventure+65+million+Years+in+the+Making&rft.pages=61&rft.pub=Boxtree+Limited&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=1-85283-774-8&rft.aulast=Shay&rft.aufirst=Don&rft.au=Duncan%2C+Jody&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJurassic+Park+%28film%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShone2004" class="citation book cs1">Shone, Tom (2004). Blockbuster: How Hollywood learned to stop worrying and love the summer. Simon and Schuster. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7432-3568-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7432-3568-6"><bdi>978-0-7432-3568-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Blockbuster%3A+How+Hollywood+learned+to+stop+worrying+and+love+the+summer&rft.pub=Simon+and+Schuster&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0-7432-3568-6&rft.aulast=Shone&rft.aufirst=Tom&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJurassic+Park+%28film%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMottram2021" class="citation book cs1">Mottram, James (2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=cw9UEAAAQBAJ">Jurassic Park: The Ultimate Visual History</a>. Simon and Schuster. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-68383-545-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-68383-545-5"><bdi>978-1-68383-545-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Jurassic+Park%3A+The+Ultimate+Visual+History&rft.pub=Simon+and+Schuster&rft.date=2021&rft.isbn=978-1-68383-545-5&rft.aulast=Mottram&rft.aufirst=James&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dcw9UEAAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJurassic+Park+%28film%29" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Jurassic_Park_(film)&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox 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2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.afi.com/Catalog/moviedetails/67200">Jurassic Park</a> at the <a href="/wiki/AFI_Catalog_of_Feature_Films" title="AFI Catalog of Feature Films">AFI Catalog of Feature Films</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q167726#P3593" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fromdirectorstevenspielberg.tumblr.com/tagged/Jurassic-Park">From Director Steven Spielberg: Jurassic Park archive</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180716070430/http://fromdirectorstevenspielberg.tumblr.com/tagged/Jurassic-Park">Archived</a> July 16, 2018, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol 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.navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Michael_Crichton&#039;s_Jurassic_Park262" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Jurassic_Park" title="Template:Jurassic Park"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Jurassic_Park" title="Template talk:Jurassic Park"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Jurassic_Park" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Jurassic Park"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Michael_Crichton&#039;s_Jurassic_Park262" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Michael_Crichton" title="Michael Crichton">Michael Crichton</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Jurassic_Park" title="Jurassic Park">Jurassic Park</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Novels</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jurassic_Park_(novel)" title="Jurassic Park (novel)">Jurassic Park</a> (1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Lost_World_(Crichton_novel)" title="The Lost World (Crichton novel)">The Lost World</a> (1995)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Films</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Jurassic Park</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Jurassic Park</a> (1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Lost_World:_Jurassic_Park" title="The Lost World: Jurassic Park">The Lost World: Jurassic Park</a> (1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jurassic_Park_III" title="Jurassic Park III">Jurassic Park III</a> (2001)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Jurassic World</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jurassic_World" title="Jurassic World">Jurassic World</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jurassic_World:_Fallen_Kingdom" title="Jurassic World: Fallen Kingdom">Jurassic World: Fallen Kingdom</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jurassic_World_Dominion" title="Jurassic World Dominion">Jurassic World Dominion</a> (2022)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jurassic_World_Rebirth" title="Jurassic World Rebirth">Jurassic World Rebirth</a> (2025)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Television</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lego_Jurassic_World:_The_Secret_Exhibit" title="Lego Jurassic World: The Secret Exhibit">Lego Jurassic World: The Secret Exhibit</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lego_Jurassic_World:_Legend_of_Isla_Nublar" title="Lego Jurassic World: Legend of Isla Nublar">Lego Jurassic World: Legend of Isla Nublar</a> (2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jurassic_World_Camp_Cretaceous" title="Jurassic World Camp Cretaceous">Jurassic World Camp Cretaceous</a> (2020–2022) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Jurassic_World_Camp_Cretaceous_episodes" title="List of Jurassic World Camp Cretaceous episodes">episodes</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Brave_(Jurassic_World_Camp_Cretaceous)" title="Brave (Jurassic World Camp Cretaceous)">Brave</a>"</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jurassic_World:_Chaos_Theory" title="Jurassic World: Chaos Theory">Jurassic World: Chaos Theory</a> (since 2024)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Short films</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_at_Big_Rock" title="Battle at Big Rock">Battle at Big Rock</a> (2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jurassic_World_Dominion_prologue" title="Jurassic World Dominion prologue">Jurassic World Dominion prologue</a> (2021)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Jurassic_Park_characters" title="List of Jurassic Park characters">Characters</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Humans</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alan_Grant_(Jurassic_Park)" title="Alan Grant (Jurassic Park)">Alan Grant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ellie_Sattler" title="Ellie Sattler">Ellie Sattler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ian_Malcolm_(Jurassic_Park)" title="Ian Malcolm (Jurassic Park)">Ian Malcolm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Hammond_(Jurassic_Park)" title="John Hammond (Jurassic Park)">John Hammond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Wu_(Jurassic_Park)" title="Henry Wu (Jurassic Park)">Henry Wu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Owen_Grady" title="Owen Grady">Owen Grady</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claire_Dearing" title="Claire Dearing">Claire Dearing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maisie_Lockwood" title="Maisie Lockwood">Maisie Lockwood</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Dinosaurs_in_Jurassic_Park" title="Dinosaurs in Jurassic Park">Dinosaurs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rexy" title="Rexy">Rexy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Velociraptors_in_Jurassic_Park" title="Velociraptors in Jurassic Park">Velociraptors</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Music</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jurassic_Park_(film_score)" title="Jurassic Park (film score)">Jurassic Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Lost_World:_Jurassic_Park_(film_score)" title="The Lost World: Jurassic Park (film score)">The Lost World: Jurassic Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jurassic_Park_III_(film_score)" class="mw-redirect" title="Jurassic Park III (film score)">Jurassic Park III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jurassic_World_(film_score)" title="Jurassic World (film score)">Jurassic World</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jurassic_World:_Fallen_Kingdom_(film_score)" title="Jurassic World: Fallen Kingdom (film score)">Jurassic World: Fallen Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jurassic_World_Dominion_(film_score)" class="mw-redirect" title="Jurassic World Dominion (film score)">Jurassic World Dominion</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Attractions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jurassic_Park:_The_Ride" title="Jurassic Park: The Ride">Jurassic Park: The Ride</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jurassic_Park_Rapids_Adventure" title="Jurassic Park Rapids Adventure">Jurassic Park Rapids Adventure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canopy_Flyer" class="mw-redirect" title="Canopy Flyer">Canopy Flyer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dino-Soarin%27" class="mw-redirect" title="Dino-Soarin'">Dino-Soarin'</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Flying_Dinosaur" title="The Flying Dinosaur">The Flying Dinosaur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jurassic_World:_The_Ride" title="Jurassic World: The Ride">Jurassic World: The Ride</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VelociCoaster" title="VelociCoaster">VelociCoaster</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jurassic_Park_video_games" title="Jurassic Park video games">Video games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lego_Jurassic_World_(theme)" title="Lego Jurassic World (theme)">Lego line</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jurassic_World_Live" title="Jurassic World Live">Live show</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jurassic_World:_The_Legacy_of_Isla_Nublar" title="Jurassic World: The Legacy of Isla Nublar">Board game</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jurassic_Park_(pinball)" title="Jurassic Park (pinball)">Jurassic Park pinball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Lost_World:_Jurassic_Park_(pinball)" title="The Lost World: Jurassic Park (pinball)">The Lost World pinball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jurassic_Park_(song)" title="Jurassic Park (song)">"Weird Al" Yankovic song</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Production_of_Jurassic_World" title="Production of Jurassic World">Production of Jurassic World</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Light_%26_Magic_(TV_series)" title="Light & Magic (TV series)">Light & Magic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jurassic_City" title="Jurassic City">Jurassic City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Jurassic_League" title="The Jurassic League">The Jurassic League</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:Jurassic_Park" title="Category:Jurassic Park">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Jurassic_Park_navigation_boxes101" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#e8e8ff;"><div id="Jurassic_Park_navigation_boxes101" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Jurassic Park navigation boxes</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;font-size:114%"><div style="padding:0px"> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Michael_Crichton222" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Michael_Crichton" title="Template:Michael Crichton"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Michael_Crichton" title="Template talk:Michael Crichton"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Michael_Crichton" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Michael Crichton"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Michael_Crichton222" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Michael_Crichton" title="Michael Crichton">Michael Crichton</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/Michael_Crichton_bibliography" title="Michael Crichton bibliography">Bibliography</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Novels</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Andromeda_Strain" title="The Andromeda Strain">The Andromeda Strain</a> (1969)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Terminal_Man" title="The Terminal Man">The Terminal Man</a> (1972)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Great_Train_Robbery_(novel)" title="The Great Train Robbery (novel)">The Great Train Robbery</a> (1975)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eaters_of_the_Dead" title="Eaters of the Dead">Eaters of the Dead</a> (1976)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congo_(novel)" title="Congo (novel)">Congo</a> (1980)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sphere_(novel)" title="Sphere (novel)">Sphere</a> (1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jurassic_Park_(novel)" title="Jurassic Park (novel)">Jurassic Park</a> (1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rising_Sun_(Crichton_novel)" title="Rising Sun (Crichton novel)">Rising Sun</a> (1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disclosure_(novel)" title="Disclosure (novel)">Disclosure</a> (1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Lost_World_(Crichton_novel)" title="The Lost World (Crichton novel)">The Lost World</a> (1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Airframe_(novel)" title="Airframe (novel)">Airframe</a> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_(novel)" title="Timeline (novel)">Timeline</a> (1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prey_(novel)" title="Prey (novel)">Prey</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_of_Fear" title="State of Fear">State of Fear</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Next_(Crichton_novel)" title="Next (Crichton novel)">Next</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pirate_Latitudes" title="Pirate Latitudes">Pirate Latitudes</a> (2009) * </li> <li><a href="/wiki/Micro_(novel)" title="Micro (novel)">Micro</a> (2011) * </li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dragon_Teeth" title="Dragon Teeth">Dragon Teeth</a> (2017) * </li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eruption_(novel)" title="Eruption (novel)">Eruption</a> (2024) * </li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Novels written under pseudonyms</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Odds_On" title="Odds On">Odds On</a> (1966)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scratch_One" title="Scratch One">Scratch One</a> (1967)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Easy_Go_(novel)" title="Easy Go (novel)">Easy Go</a> (1968)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_Case_of_Need" title="A Case of Need">A Case of Need</a> (1968)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zero_Cool" title="Zero Cool">Zero Cool</a> (1969)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Venom_Business" title="The Venom Business">The Venom Business</a> (1969)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drug_of_Choice" title="Drug of Choice">Drug of Choice</a> (1970)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dealing:_or_the_Berkeley-to-Boston_Forty-Brick_Lost-Bag_Blues" title="Dealing: or the Berkeley-to-Boston Forty-Brick Lost-Bag Blues">Dealing: or the Berkeley-to-Boston Forty-Brick Lost-Bag Blues</a> (1970)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grave_Descend" title="Grave Descend">Grave Descend</a> (1970)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Binary_(novel)" title="Binary (novel)">Binary</a> (1972)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Post-Crichton novels</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Andromeda_Evolution" title="The Andromeda Evolution">The Andromeda Evolution</a> (2019)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Non-fiction</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Five_Patients" title="Five Patients">Five Patients</a> (1970)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jasper_Johns_(book)" title="Jasper Johns (book)">Jasper Johns</a> (1977)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electronic_Life" title="Electronic Life">Electronic Life</a> (1983)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Travels_(book)" title="Travels (book)">Travels</a> (1988)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Films directed</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pursuit_(1972_American_film)" title="Pursuit (1972 American film)">Pursuit</a> (1972)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westworld_(film)" title="Westworld (film)">Westworld</a> (1973)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coma_(1978_film)" title="Coma (1978 film)">Coma</a> (1978)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_First_Great_Train_Robbery" title="The First Great Train Robbery">The First Great Train Robbery</a> (1978)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Looker" title="Looker">Looker</a> (1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Runaway_(1984_American_film)" title="Runaway (1984 American film)">Runaway</a> (1984)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Physical_Evidence" title="Physical Evidence">Physical Evidence</a> (1989)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Films written</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Extreme_Close-Up_(film)" title="Extreme Close-Up (film)">Extreme Close-Up</a> (1973)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westworld_(film)" title="Westworld (film)">Westworld</a> (1973)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Jurassic Park</a> (1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rising_Sun_(film)" title="Rising Sun (film)">Rising Sun</a> (1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twister_(1996_film)" title="Twister (1996 film)">Twister</a> (1996)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Television series</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beyond_Westworld" title="Beyond Westworld">Beyond Westworld</a> (1980)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/ER_(TV_series)" title="ER (TV series)">ER</a> (1994–2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westworld_(TV_series)" title="Westworld (TV series)">Westworld</a> (2016–2022)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Adaptations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Andromeda_Strain_(film)" title="The Andromeda Strain (film)">The Andromeda Strain</a> (1971)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dealing:_Or_the_Berkeley-to-Boston_Forty-Brick_Lost-Bag_Blues_(film)" title="Dealing: Or the Berkeley-to-Boston Forty-Brick Lost-Bag Blues (film)">Dealing: Or the Berkeley-to-Boston Forty-Brick Lost-Bag Blues</a> (1972)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Carey_Treatment" title="The Carey Treatment">The Carey Treatment</a> (1972)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pursuit_(1972_American_film)" title="Pursuit (1972 American film)">Pursuit</a> (1972)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Terminal_Man_(film)" title="The Terminal Man (film)">The Terminal Man</a> (1974)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_First_Great_Train_Robbery" title="The First Great Train Robbery">The First Great Train Robbery</a> (1978)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Jurassic Park</a> (1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rising_Sun_(film)" title="Rising Sun (film)">Rising Sun</a> (1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disclosure_(1994_film)" title="Disclosure (1994 film)">Disclosure</a> (1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congo_(film)" title="Congo (film)">Congo</a> (1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Lost_World:_Jurassic_Park" title="The Lost World: Jurassic Park">The Lost World: Jurassic Park</a> (1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sphere_(1998_film)" title="Sphere (1998 film)">Sphere</a> (1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_13th_Warrior" title="The 13th Warrior">The 13th Warrior</a> (1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_(2003_film)" title="Timeline (2003 film)">Timeline</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Andromeda_Strain_(miniseries)" title="The Andromeda Strain (miniseries)">The Andromeda Strain</a> (2008)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Video games</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_(video_game)" title="Amazon (video game)">Amazon</a> (1984)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westworld_2000" title="Westworld 2000">Westworld 2000</a> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_(video_game)" title="Timeline (video game)">Timeline</a> (2000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jurassic_Park_video_games" title="Jurassic Park video games">Jurassic Park series</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Franchises</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Westworld" title="Westworld">Westworld</a> (1973–2022)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jurassic_Park" title="Jurassic Park">Jurassic Park</a> (1993–present)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Antarctica_cooling_controversy" class="mw-redirect" title="Antarctica cooling controversy">Antarctica cooling controversy</a></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>*Released posthumously</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Steven_Spielberg343" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Steven_Spielberg" title="Template:Steven Spielberg"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Steven_Spielberg" title="Template talk:Steven Spielberg"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Steven_Spielberg" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Steven Spielberg"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Steven_Spielberg343" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Steven_Spielberg" title="Steven Spielberg">Steven Spielberg</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_awards_and_nominations_received_by_Steven_Spielberg" title="List of awards and nominations received by Steven Spielberg">Accolades</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bibliography_of_works_on_Steven_Spielberg" title="Bibliography of works on Steven Spielberg">Bibliography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steven_Spielberg_filmography" title="Steven Spielberg filmography">Filmography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steven_Spielberg%27s_unrealized_projects" title="Steven Spielberg's unrealized projects">Unrealized projects</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Films directed</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Firelight_(1964_film)" title="Firelight (1964 film)">Firelight</a> (1964)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slipstream_(unfinished_film)" title="Slipstream (unfinished film)">Slipstream</a> (1967)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amblin%27" title="Amblin'">Amblin'</a> (1968)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Night_Gallery_(film)" title="Night Gallery (film)">Night Gallery</a> (1969; segment "Eyes")</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duel_(1971_film)" title="Duel (1971 film)">Duel</a> (1971)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Something_Evil" title="Something Evil">Something Evil</a> (1972)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Savage_(1973_TV_film)" title="Savage (1973 TV film)">Savage</a> (1973)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Sugarland_Express" title="The Sugarland Express">The Sugarland Express</a> (1974)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaws_(film)" title="Jaws (film)">Jaws</a> (1975)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Close_Encounters_of_the_Third_Kind" title="Close Encounters of the Third Kind">Close Encounters of the Third Kind</a> (1977)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1941_(film)" title="1941 (film)">1941</a> (1979)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raiders_of_the_Lost_Ark" title="Raiders of the Lost Ark">Raiders of the Lost Ark</a> (1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/E.T._the_Extra-Terrestrial" title="E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial">E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial</a> (1982)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twilight_Zone:_The_Movie" title="Twilight Zone: The Movie">Twilight Zone: The Movie</a> (1983)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indiana_Jones_and_the_Temple_of_Doom" title="Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom">Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom</a> (1984)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Color_Purple_(1985_film)" title="The Color Purple (1985 film)">The Color Purple</a> (1985)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Empire_of_the_Sun_(film)" title="Empire of the Sun (film)">Empire of the Sun</a> (1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indiana_Jones_and_the_Last_Crusade" title="Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade">Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade</a> (1989)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Always_(1989_film)" title="Always (1989 film)">Always</a> (1989)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hook_(film)" title="Hook (film)">Hook</a> (1991)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Jurassic Park</a> (1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schindler%27s_List" title="Schindler's List">Schindler's List</a> (1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Lost_World:_Jurassic_Park" title="The Lost World: Jurassic Park">The Lost World: Jurassic Park</a> (1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amistad_(film)" title="Amistad (film)">Amistad</a> (1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saving_Private_Ryan" title="Saving Private Ryan">Saving Private Ryan</a> (1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/A.I._Artificial_Intelligence" title="A.I. Artificial Intelligence">A.I. Artificial Intelligence</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minority_Report_(film)" title="Minority Report (film)">Minority Report</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catch_Me_If_You_Can" title="Catch Me If You Can">Catch Me If You Can</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Terminal" title="The Terminal">The Terminal</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_of_the_Worlds_(2005_film)" title="War of the Worlds (2005 film)">War of the Worlds</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Munich_(2005_film)" title="Munich (2005 film)">Munich</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indiana_Jones_and_the_Kingdom_of_the_Crystal_Skull" title="Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull">Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull</a> (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Adventures_of_Tintin_(film)" title="The Adventures of Tintin (film)">The Adventures of Tintin</a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_Horse_(film)" title="War Horse (film)">War Horse</a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lincoln_(film)" title="Lincoln (film)">Lincoln</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bridge_of_Spies_(film)" title="Bridge of Spies (film)">Bridge of Spies</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_BFG_(2016_film)" title="The BFG (2016 film)">The BFG</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Post_(film)" title="The Post (film)">The Post</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ready_Player_One_(film)" title="Ready Player One (film)">Ready Player One</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Side_Story_(2021_film)" title="West Side Story (2021 film)">West Side Story</a> (2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Fabelmans" title="The Fabelmans">The Fabelmans</a> (2022)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Films written</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ace_Eli_and_Rodger_of_the_Skies" title="Ace Eli and Rodger of the Skies">Ace Eli and Rodger of the Skies</a> (1973)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poltergeist_(1982_film)" title="Poltergeist (1982 film)">Poltergeist</a> (1982)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Goonies" title="The Goonies">The Goonies</a> (1985)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Films produced</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/An_American_Tail:_Fievel_Goes_West" title="An American Tail: Fievel Goes West">An American Tail: Fievel Goes West</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Memoirs_of_a_Geisha_(film)" title="Memoirs of a Geisha (film)">Memoirs of a Geisha</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flags_of_Our_Fathers_(film)" title="Flags of Our Fathers (film)">Flags of Our Fathers</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Letters_from_Iwo_Jima" title="Letters from Iwo Jima">Letters from Iwo Jima</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Super_8_(2011_film)" title="Super 8 (2011 film)">Super 8</a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Hundred-Foot_Journey_(film)" title="The Hundred-Foot Journey (film)">The Hundred-Foot Journey</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maestro_(2023_film)" title="Maestro (2023 film)">Maestro</a> (2023)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Color_Purple_(2023_film)" title="The Color Purple (2023 film)">The Color Purple</a> (2023)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_by_John_Williams" title="Music by John Williams">Music by John Williams</a> (2024)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Thursday_Murder_Club_(film)" title="The Thursday Murder Club (film)">The Thursday Murder Club</a> (2025)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamnet_(film)" title="Hamnet (film)">Hamnet</a> (TBA)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Television</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/L.A._2017" title="L.A. 2017">L.A. 2017</a>" (1971)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amazing_Stories_(1985_TV_series)" title="Amazing Stories (1985 TV series)">Amazing Stories</a> (1985–1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_Incident" title="High Incident">High Incident</a> (1996–1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Invasion_America" title="Invasion America">Invasion America</a> (1998)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Video games</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Dig_(video_game)" title="The Dig (video game)">The Dig</a> (1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steven_Spielberg%27s_Director%27s_Chair" title="Steven Spielberg's Director's Chair">Steven Spielberg's Director's Chair</a> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medal_of_Honor_(1999_video_game)" title="Medal of Honor (1999 video game)">Medal of Honor</a> (1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medal_of_Honor:_Allied_Assault" title="Medal of Honor: Allied Assault">Medal of Honor: Allied Assault</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boom_Blox" title="Boom Blox">Boom Blox</a> (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boom_Blox_Bash_Party" title="Boom Blox Bash Party">Boom Blox Bash Party</a> (2009)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Family</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amy_Irving" title="Amy Irving">Amy Irving</a> (first wife)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kate_Capshaw" title="Kate Capshaw">Kate Capshaw</a> (second wife)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Destry_Spielberg" title="Destry Spielberg">Destry Spielberg</a> (daughter)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sasha_Spielberg" title="Sasha Spielberg">Sasha Spielberg</a> (daughter)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arnold_Spielberg" title="Arnold Spielberg">Arnold Spielberg</a> (father)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anne_Spielberg" title="Anne Spielberg">Anne Spielberg</a> (sister)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amblin_Partners" title="Amblin Partners">Amblin Partners</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amblin_Entertainment" title="Amblin Entertainment">Amblin Entertainment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amblin_Television" title="Amblin Television">Amblin Television</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/DreamWorks_Television" title="DreamWorks Television">DreamWorks Television</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amblimation" title="Amblimation">Amblimation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DreamWorks_Pictures" title="DreamWorks Pictures">DreamWorks Pictures</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/DreamWorks_Animation" title="DreamWorks Animation">DreamWorks Animation</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USC_Shoah_Foundation" title="USC Shoah Foundation">USC Shoah Foundation Institute for Visual History and Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steven_Spielberg_Jewish_Film_Archive" title="Steven Spielberg Jewish Film Archive">Steven Spielberg Jewish Film Archive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sammy_Fabelman" title="Sammy Fabelman">Sammy Fabelman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spielberg_(film)" title="Spielberg (film)">Spielberg</a> (2017)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Cannibal_(Marcus_Mumford_song)" title="Cannibal (Marcus Mumford song)">Cannibal</a>" (2022)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Works_by_David_Koepp73" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:David_Koepp" title="Template:David Koepp"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:David_Koepp" title="Template talk:David Koepp"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:David_Koepp" title="Special:EditPage/Template:David Koepp"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Works_by_David_Koepp73" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Works by <a href="/wiki/David_Koepp" title="David Koepp">David Koepp</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Films directed</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Trigger_Effect" title="The Trigger Effect">The Trigger Effect</a> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stir_of_Echoes" title="Stir of Echoes">Stir of Echoes</a> (1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secret_Window" title="Secret Window">Secret Window</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghost_Town_(2008_film)" title="Ghost Town (2008 film)">Ghost Town</a> (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Premium_Rush" title="Premium Rush">Premium Rush</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mortdecai_(film)" title="Mortdecai (film)">Mortdecai</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/You_Should_Have_Left" title="You Should Have Left">You Should Have Left</a> (2020)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Films written only</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apartment_Zero" title="Apartment Zero">Apartment Zero</a> (1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bad_Influence_(film)" title="Bad Influence (film)">Bad Influence</a> (1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Why_Me%3F_(1990_film)" title="Why Me? (1990 film)">Why Me?</a> (1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/I_Come_in_Peace" title="I Come in Peace">I Come in Peace</a> (1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toy_Soldiers_(1991_film)" title="Toy Soldiers (1991 film)">Toy Soldiers</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_Becomes_Her" title="Death Becomes Her">Death Becomes Her</a> (1992)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Jurassic Park</a> (1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlito%27s_Way" title="Carlito's Way">Carlito's Way</a> (1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Paper_(film)" title="The Paper (film)">The Paper</a> (1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Shadow_(1994_film)" title="The Shadow (1994 film)">The Shadow</a> (1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mission:_Impossible_(film)" title="Mission: Impossible (film)">Mission: Impossible</a> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Lost_World:_Jurassic_Park" title="The Lost World: Jurassic Park">The Lost World: Jurassic Park</a> (1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snake_Eyes_(1998_film)" title="Snake Eyes (1998 film)">Snake Eyes</a> (1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panic_Room" title="Panic Room">Panic Room</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spider-Man_(2002_film)" title="Spider-Man (2002 film)">Spider-Man</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_of_the_Worlds_(2005_film)" title="War of the Worlds (2005 film)">War of the Worlds</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zathura:_A_Space_Adventure" title="Zathura: A Space Adventure">Zathura: A Space Adventure</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indiana_Jones_and_the_Kingdom_of_the_Crystal_Skull" title="Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull">Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull</a> (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angels_%26_Demons_(film)" title="Angels & Demons (film)">Angels & Demons</a> (2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Little_Engine_That_Could_(2011_film)" title="The Little Engine That Could (2011 film)">The Little Engine That Could</a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Ryan:_Shadow_Recruit" title="Jack Ryan: Shadow Recruit">Jack Ryan: Shadow Recruit</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inferno_(2016_film)" title="Inferno (2016 film)">Inferno</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Mummy_(2017_film)" title="The Mummy (2017 film)">The Mummy</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kimi_(film)" title="Kimi (film)">Kimi</a> (2022)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indiana_Jones_and_the_Dial_of_Destiny" title="Indiana Jones and the Dial of Destiny">Indiana Jones and the Dial of Destiny</a> (2023)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presence_(2024_film)" title="Presence (2024 film)">Presence</a> (2024)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Bag_(film)" title="Black Bag (film)">Black Bag</a> (2025)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jurassic_World_Rebirth" title="Jurassic World Rebirth">Jurassic World Rebirth</a> (2025)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cold_Storage_(film)" title="Cold Storage (film)">Cold Storage</a> (TBA)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">TV series created</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hack_(TV_series)" title="Hack (TV series)">Hack</a> (2002–2004)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Jurassic_Park_video_games244" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Jurassic_Park_games" title="Template:Jurassic Park games"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Jurassic_Park_games" title="Template talk:Jurassic Park games"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Jurassic_Park_games" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Jurassic Park games"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Jurassic_Park_video_games244" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Jurassic_Park" title="Jurassic Park">Jurassic Park</a> <a href="/wiki/Jurassic_Park_video_games" title="Jurassic Park video games">video games</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Jurassic Park</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jurassic_Park_(NES_video_game)" title="Jurassic Park (NES video game)">NES/Game Boy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jurassic_Park_(SNES_video_game)" title="Jurassic Park (SNES video game)">Super NES</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jurassic_Park_(Sega_video_game)" title="Jurassic Park (Sega video game)">Genesis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jurassic_Park_(Sega_CD_video_game)" title="Jurassic Park (Sega CD video game)">Sega CD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jurassic_Park_(Game_Gear_video_game)" title="Jurassic Park (Game Gear video game)">Game Gear/Master System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jurassic_Park_(computer_video_game)" title="Jurassic Park (computer video game)">Computer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jurassic_Park:_Rampage_Edition" title="Jurassic Park: Rampage Edition">Rampage Edition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jurassic_Park_(arcade_game)" title="Jurassic Park (arcade game)">Arcade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jurassic_Park_Interactive" title="Jurassic Park Interactive">Interactive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jurassic_Park_2:_The_Chaos_Continues" title="Jurassic Park 2: The Chaos Continues">2: The Chaos Continues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jurassic_Park:_Survival_(upcoming_video_game)" class="mw-redirect" title="Jurassic Park: Survival (upcoming video game)">Survival</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/The_Lost_World:_Jurassic_Park" title="The Lost World: Jurassic Park">The Lost World</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Lost_World:_Jurassic_Park_(console_game)" title="The Lost World: Jurassic Park (console game)">Console</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaos_Island:_The_Lost_World" title="Chaos Island: The Lost World">Chaos Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Lost_World:_Jurassic_Park_(handheld_game)" title="The Lost World: Jurassic Park (handheld game)">Handheld</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Lost_World:_Jurassic_Park_(Sega_Genesis_game)" title="The Lost World: Jurassic Park (Sega Genesis game)">Genesis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Lost_World:_Jurassic_Park_(arcade_game)" title="The Lost World: Jurassic Park (arcade game)">Arcade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trespasser_(video_game)" title="Trespasser (video game)">Trespasser</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Jurassic_Park_III" title="Jurassic Park III">Jurassic Park III</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jurassic_Park_III_(arcade_game)" class="mw-redirect" title="Jurassic Park III (arcade game)">Arcade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jurassic_Park_III:_Danger_Zone!" title="Jurassic Park III: Danger Zone!">III: Danger Zone!</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jurassic_Park_III:_Dino_Defender" title="Jurassic Park III: Dino Defender">III: Dino Defender</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jurassic_Park_III:_The_DNA_Factor" title="Jurassic Park III: The DNA Factor">III: The DNA Factor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jurassic_Park_III:_Park_Builder" title="Jurassic Park III: Park Builder">III: Park Builder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jurassic_Park_III:_Island_Attack" title="Jurassic Park III: Island Attack">III: Island Attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scan_Command:_Jurassic_Park" title="Scan Command: Jurassic Park">Scan Command</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jurassic_Park:_Survival" title="Jurassic Park: Survival">Survival</a> (cancelled)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Jurassic_World_(film_series)" class="mw-redirect" title="Jurassic World (film series)">Jurassic World</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lego_Jurassic_World" title="Lego Jurassic World">Lego Jurassic World</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jurassic_World:_The_Game" title="Jurassic World: The Game">Jurassic World: The Game</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jurassic_World_Evolution" title="Jurassic World Evolution">Jurassic World Evolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jurassic_World_Aftermath" title="Jurassic World Aftermath">Jurassic World Aftermath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jurassic_World_Evolution_2" title="Jurassic World Evolution 2">Jurassic World Evolution 2</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other games</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Warpath:_Jurassic_Park" title="Warpath: Jurassic Park">Warpath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_Studios_Theme_Parks_Adventure" title="Universal Studios Theme Parks Adventure">Universal Studios Theme Parks Adventure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jurassic_Park:_Operation_Genesis" title="Jurassic Park: Operation Genesis">Operation Genesis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jurassic_Park:_The_Game" title="Jurassic Park: The Game">Jurassic Park: The Game</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jurassic_Park_Builder" title="Jurassic Park Builder">Jurassic Park Builder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jurassic_Park_Arcade" title="Jurassic Park Arcade">Jurassic Park Arcade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lego_Dimensions" title="Lego Dimensions">Lego Dimensions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Funko_Fusion" title="Funko Fusion">Funko Fusion</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Awards_for_Jurassic_Park95" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#e8e8ff;"><div id="Awards_for_Jurassic_Park95" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Awards for Jurassic Park</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;font-size:114%"><div style="padding:0px"> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Academy_Award_for_Best_Sound_Editing173" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background: #EEDD82"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Academy_Award_Best_Sound_Editing" title="Template:Academy Award Best Sound Editing"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Academy_Award_Best_Sound_Editing" title="Template talk:Academy Award Best Sound Editing"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Academy_Award_Best_Sound_Editing" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Academy Award Best Sound Editing"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Academy_Award_for_Best_Sound_Editing173" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Sound" title="Academy Award for Best Sound">Academy Award for Best Sound Editing</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #EEDD82;width:1%">Sound Effects 1963–1967</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Elliott_(sound_editor)" title="Walter Elliott (sound editor)">Walter Elliott</a> (1963)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norman_Wanstall" title="Norman Wanstall">Norman Wanstall</a> (1964)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treg_Brown" title="Treg Brown">Treg Brown</a> (1965)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gordon_Daniel" title="Gordon Daniel">Gordon Daniel</a> (1966)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Poyner" title="John Poyner">John Poyner</a> (1967)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #EEDD82;width:1%">Sound Effects Editing 1982–1999</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charles_L._Campbell" title="Charles L. Campbell">Charles L. Campbell</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ben_Burtt" title="Ben Burtt">Ben Burtt</a> (1982)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jay_Boekelheide" title="Jay Boekelheide">Jay Boekelheide</a> (1983)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kay_Rose" title="Kay Rose">Kay Rose</a> (1984)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_L._Campbell" title="Charles L. Campbell">Charles L. Campbell</a> and <a href="/wiki/Robert_Rutledge" title="Robert Rutledge">Robert Rutledge</a> (1985)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Don_Sharpe" title="Don Sharpe">Don Sharpe</a> (1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Hunter_Flick" title="Stephen Hunter Flick">Stephen Hunter Flick</a> and <a href="/wiki/John_Pospisil" title="John Pospisil">John Pospisil</a> (1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_L._Campbell" title="Charles L. Campbell">Charles L. Campbell</a> and <a href="/wiki/Louis_Edemann" title="Louis Edemann">Louis Edemann</a> (1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ben_Burtt" title="Ben Burtt">Ben Burtt</a> and <a href="/wiki/Richard_Hymns" title="Richard Hymns">Richard Hymns</a> (1989)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cecelia_Hall_(sound_editor)" title="Cecelia Hall (sound editor)">Cecelia Hall</a> and <a href="/wiki/George_Watters_II" title="George Watters II">George Watters II</a> (1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gary_Rydstrom" title="Gary Rydstrom">Gary Rydstrom</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gloria_S._Borders" class="mw-redirect" title="Gloria S. Borders">Gloria S. Borders</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_McCarthy_(sound_editor)" title="Tom McCarthy (sound editor)">Tom McCarthy</a> and <a href="/wiki/David_E._Stone" title="David E. Stone">David E. Stone</a> (1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gary_Rydstrom" title="Gary Rydstrom">Gary Rydstrom</a> and <a href="/wiki/Richard_Hymns" title="Richard Hymns">Richard Hymns</a> (1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Hunter_Flick" title="Stephen Hunter Flick">Stephen Hunter Flick</a> (1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lon_Bender" title="Lon Bender">Lon Bender</a> and <a href="/wiki/Per_Hallberg" title="Per Hallberg">Per Hallberg</a> (1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruce_Stambler" title="Bruce Stambler">Bruce Stambler</a> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Boyes" title="Christopher Boyes">Christopher Boyes</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tom_Bellfort" title="Tom Bellfort">Tom Bellfort</a> (1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gary_Rydstrom" title="Gary Rydstrom">Gary Rydstrom</a> and <a href="/wiki/Richard_Hymns" title="Richard Hymns">Richard Hymns</a> (1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dane_A._Davis" class="mw-redirect" title="Dane A. Davis">Dane A. Davis</a> (1999)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #EEDD82;width:1%">Sound Editing 2000–2019</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jon_Johnson" title="Jon Johnson">Jon Johnson</a> (2000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Watters_II" title="George Watters II">George Watters II</a> and <a href="/wiki/Christopher_Boyes" title="Christopher Boyes">Christopher Boyes</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethan_Van_der_Ryn" title="Ethan Van der Ryn">Ethan Van der Ryn</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mike_Hopkins_(sound_editor)" title="Mike Hopkins (sound editor)">Mike Hopkins</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_King_(sound_designer)" title="Richard King (sound designer)">Richard King</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Randy_Thom" title="Randy Thom">Randy Thom</a> and <a href="/wiki/Michael_Silvers" title="Michael Silvers">Michael Silvers</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Hopkins_(sound_editor)" title="Mike Hopkins (sound editor)">Mike Hopkins</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ethan_Van_der_Ryn" title="Ethan Van der Ryn">Ethan Van der Ryn</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bub_Asman" title="Bub Asman">Bub Asman</a> and <a href="/wiki/Alan_Robert_Murray" title="Alan Robert Murray">Alan Robert Murray</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karen_Baker_Landers" title="Karen Baker Landers">Karen Baker Landers</a> and <a href="/wiki/Per_Hallberg" title="Per Hallberg">Per Hallberg</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_King_(sound_designer)" title="Richard King (sound designer)">Richard King</a> (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_N._J._Ottosson" title="Paul N. J. Ottosson">Paul N. J. Ottosson</a> (2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_King_(sound_designer)" title="Richard King (sound designer)">Richard King</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eugene_Gearty" title="Eugene Gearty">Eugene Gearty</a> and <a href="/wiki/Philip_Stockton" title="Philip Stockton">Philip Stockton</a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Per_Hallberg" title="Per Hallberg">Per Hallberg</a> and <a href="/wiki/Karen_Baker_Landers" title="Karen Baker Landers">Karen Baker Landers</a> / <a href="/wiki/Paul_N._J._Ottosson" title="Paul N. J. Ottosson">Paul N. J. Ottosson</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glenn_Freemantle" title="Glenn Freemantle">Glenn Freemantle</a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alan_Robert_Murray" title="Alan Robert Murray">Alan Robert Murray</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bub_Asman" title="Bub Asman">Bub Asman</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Mangini" title="Mark Mangini">Mark Mangini</a> and <a href="/wiki/David_White_(sound_editor)" title="David White (sound editor)">David White</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sylvain_Bellemare" title="Sylvain Bellemare">Sylvain Bellemare</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_King_(sound_designer)" title="Richard King (sound designer)">Richard King</a> and <a href="/wiki/Alex_Gibson_(sound_editor)" title="Alex Gibson (sound editor)">Alex Gibson</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Warhurst_(sound_editor)" title="John Warhurst (sound editor)">John Warhurst</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nina_Hartstone" title="Nina Hartstone">Nina Hartstone</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Sylvester" title="Donald Sylvester">Donald Sylvester</a> (2019)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Academy_Award_for_Best_Visual_Effects88" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background: #EEDD82"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Academy_Award_for_Best_Visual_Effects" title="Template:Academy Award for Best Visual Effects"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Academy_Award_for_Best_Visual_Effects" title="Template talk:Academy Award for Best Visual Effects"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Academy_Award_for_Best_Visual_Effects" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Academy Award for Best Visual Effects"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Academy_Award_for_Best_Visual_Effects88" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Visual_Effects" title="Academy Award for Best Visual Effects">Academy Award for Best Visual Effects</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #EEDD82;width:1%">1963–1980</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Emil_Kosa_Jr." title="Emil Kosa Jr.">Emil Kosa Jr.</a> – <a href="/wiki/Cleopatra_(1963_film)" title="Cleopatra (1963 film)">Cleopatra</a> (1963)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Ellenshaw" title="Peter Ellenshaw">Peter Ellenshaw</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eustace_Lycett" title="Eustace Lycett">Eustace Lycett</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Hamilton_Luske" title="Hamilton Luske">Hamilton Luske</a> – <a href="/wiki/Mary_Poppins_(film)" title="Mary Poppins (film)">Mary Poppins</a> (1964)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Stears" title="John Stears">John Stears</a> – <a href="/wiki/Thunderball_(film)" title="Thunderball (film)">Thunderball</a> (1965)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_Cruickshank" title="Art Cruickshank">Art Cruickshank</a> – <a href="/wiki/Fantastic_Voyage" title="Fantastic Voyage">Fantastic Voyage</a> (1966)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/L._B._Abbott" title="L. B. Abbott">L. B. Abbott</a> – <a href="/wiki/Doctor_Dolittle_(1967_film)" title="Doctor Dolittle (1967 film)">Doctor Dolittle</a> (1967)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanley_Kubrick" title="Stanley Kubrick">Stanley Kubrick</a> – <a href="/wiki/2001:_A_Space_Odyssey" title="2001: A Space Odyssey">2001: A Space Odyssey</a> (1968)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robbie_Robertson_(visual_effects_artist)" title="Robbie Robertson (visual effects artist)">Robbie Robertson</a> – <a href="/wiki/Marooned_(1969_film)" title="Marooned (1969 film)">Marooned</a> (1969)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/A._D._Flowers" title="A. D. Flowers">A. D. Flowers</a> and <a href="/wiki/L._B._Abbott" title="L. B. Abbott">L. B. Abbott</a> – <a href="/wiki/Tora!_Tora!_Tora!" title="Tora! Tora! Tora!">Tora! Tora! Tora!</a> (1970)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alan_Maley" title="Alan Maley">Alan Maley</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eustace_Lycett" title="Eustace Lycett">Eustace Lycett</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Danny_Lee_(special_effects_artist)" title="Danny Lee (special effects artist)">Danny Lee</a> – <a href="/wiki/Bedknobs_and_Broomsticks" title="Bedknobs and Broomsticks">Bedknobs and Broomsticks</a> (1971)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/L._B._Abbott" title="L. B. Abbott">L. B. Abbott</a> and <a href="/wiki/A._D._Flowers" title="A. D. Flowers">A. D. Flowers</a> – <a href="/wiki/The_Poseidon_Adventure_(1972_film)" title="The Poseidon Adventure (1972 film)">The Poseidon Adventure</a> (1972)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Brendel" title="Frank Brendel">Frank Brendel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Glen_Robinson_(visual_effects)" title="Glen Robinson (visual effects)">Glen Robinson</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Albert_Whitlock" title="Albert Whitlock">Albert Whitlock</a> – <a href="/wiki/Earthquake_(1974_film)" title="Earthquake (1974 film)">Earthquake</a> (1974)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Whitlock" title="Albert Whitlock">Albert Whitlock</a> and <a href="/wiki/Glen_Robinson_(visual_effects)" title="Glen Robinson (visual effects)">Glen Robinson</a> – <a href="/wiki/The_Hindenburg_(film)" title="The Hindenburg (film)">The Hindenburg</a> (1975)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlo_Rambaldi" title="Carlo Rambaldi">Carlo Rambaldi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Glen_Robinson_(visual_effects)" title="Glen Robinson (visual effects)">Glen Robinson</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Frank_Van_der_Veer" title="Frank Van der Veer">Frank Van der Veer</a> – <a href="/wiki/King_Kong_(1976_film)" title="King Kong (1976 film)">King Kong</a> (1976)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Stears" title="John Stears">John Stears</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Dykstra" title="John Dykstra">John Dykstra</a>, <a href="/wiki/Richard_Edlund" title="Richard Edlund">Richard Edlund</a>, <a href="/wiki/Grant_McCune" title="Grant McCune">Grant McCune</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Robert_Blalack" title="Robert Blalack">Robert Blalack</a> – <a href="/wiki/Star_Wars_(film)" title="Star Wars (film)">Star Wars</a> (1977)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Les_Bowie" title="Les Bowie">Les Bowie</a>, <a href="/wiki/Colin_Chilvers" title="Colin Chilvers">Colin Chilvers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Denys_Coop" title="Denys Coop">Denys Coop</a>, <a href="/wiki/Roy_Field" title="Roy Field">Roy Field</a>, <a href="/wiki/Derek_Meddings" title="Derek Meddings">Derek Meddings</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Zoran_Perisic_(visual_effects_artist)" title="Zoran Perisic (visual effects artist)">Zoran Perisic</a> – <a href="/wiki/Superman_(1978_film)" title="Superman (1978 film)">Superman</a> (1978)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/H._R._Giger" title="H. R. Giger">H. R. Giger</a>, <a href="/wiki/Carlo_Rambaldi" title="Carlo Rambaldi">Carlo Rambaldi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brian_Johnson_(special_effects_artist)" title="Brian Johnson (special effects artist)">Brian Johnson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nick_Allder" title="Nick Allder">Nick Allder</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Dennis_Ayling" title="Dennis Ayling">Dennis Ayling</a> – <a href="/wiki/Alien_(film)" title="Alien (film)">Alien</a> (1979)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brian_Johnson_(special_effects_artist)" title="Brian Johnson (special effects artist)">Brian Johnson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Richard_Edlund" title="Richard Edlund">Richard Edlund</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dennis_Muren" title="Dennis Muren">Dennis Muren</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Bruce_Nicholson" title="Bruce Nicholson">Bruce Nicholson</a> – <a href="/wiki/The_Empire_Strikes_Back" title="The Empire Strikes Back">The Empire Strikes Back</a> (1980)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #EEDD82;width:1%">1981–2000</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Edlund" title="Richard Edlund">Richard Edlund</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kit_West" title="Kit West">Kit West</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bruce_Nicholson" title="Bruce Nicholson">Bruce Nicholson</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Joe_Johnston" title="Joe Johnston">Joe Johnston</a> – <a href="/wiki/Raiders_of_the_Lost_Ark" title="Raiders of the Lost Ark">Raiders of the Lost Ark</a> (1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlo_Rambaldi" title="Carlo Rambaldi">Carlo Rambaldi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dennis_Muren" title="Dennis Muren">Dennis Muren</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Kenneth_F._Smith" title="Kenneth F. Smith">Kenneth F. Smith</a> – <a href="/wiki/E.T._the_Extra-Terrestrial" title="E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial">E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial</a> (1982)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Edlund" title="Richard Edlund">Richard Edlund</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dennis_Muren" title="Dennis Muren">Dennis Muren</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ken_Ralston" title="Ken Ralston">Ken Ralston</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Phil_Tippett" title="Phil Tippett">Phil Tippett</a> – <a href="/wiki/Return_of_the_Jedi" title="Return of the Jedi">Return of the Jedi</a> (1983)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dennis_Muren" title="Dennis Muren">Dennis Muren</a>, <a href="/wiki/Michael_J._McAlister" title="Michael J. McAlister">Michael J. McAlister</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lorne_Peterson" title="Lorne Peterson">Lorne Peterson</a>, and <a href="/wiki/George_Gibbs_(special_effects_artist)" title="George Gibbs (special effects artist)">George Gibbs</a> – <a href="/wiki/Indiana_Jones_and_the_Temple_of_Doom" title="Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom">Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom</a> (1984)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ken_Ralston" title="Ken Ralston">Ken Ralston</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ralph_McQuarrie" title="Ralph McQuarrie">Ralph McQuarrie</a>, <a href="/wiki/Scott_Farrar" title="Scott Farrar">Scott Farrar</a>, and <a href="/wiki/David_Berry_(special_effects_artist)" title="David Berry (special effects artist)">David Berry</a> – <a href="/wiki/Cocoon_(film)" title="Cocoon (film)">Cocoon</a> (1985)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Skotak" title="Robert Skotak">Robert Skotak</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stan_Winston" title="Stan Winston">Stan Winston</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Richardson_(special_effects_designer)" title="John Richardson (special effects designer)">John Richardson</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Suzanne_M._Benson" title="Suzanne M. Benson">Suzanne M. Benson</a> – <a href="/wiki/Aliens_(film)" title="Aliens (film)">Aliens</a> (1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dennis_Muren" title="Dennis Muren">Dennis Muren</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bill_George_(visual_effects_supervisor)" title="Bill George (visual effects supervisor)">Bill George</a>, <a href="/wiki/Harley_Jessup" title="Harley Jessup">Harley Jessup</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Kenneth_F._Smith" title="Kenneth F. Smith">Kenneth F. Smith</a> - <a href="/wiki/Innerspace" title="Innerspace">Innerspace</a> (1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ken_Ralston" title="Ken Ralston">Ken Ralston</a>, <a href="/wiki/Richard_Williams_(animator)" title="Richard Williams (animator)">Richard Williams</a>, <a href="/wiki/Edward_Jones_(visual_effects_artist)" title="Edward Jones (visual effects artist)">Edward Jones</a>, and <a href="/wiki/George_Gibbs_(special_effects_artist)" title="George Gibbs (special effects artist)">George Gibbs</a> – <a href="/wiki/Who_Framed_Roger_Rabbit" title="Who Framed Roger Rabbit">Who Framed Roger Rabbit</a> (1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Bruno_(special_effects)" title="John Bruno (special effects)">John Bruno</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dennis_Muren" title="Dennis Muren">Dennis Muren</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hoyt_Yeatman" title="Hoyt Yeatman">Hoyt Yeatman</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Dennis_Skotak" title="Dennis Skotak">Dennis Skotak</a> – <a href="/wiki/The_Abyss" title="The Abyss">The Abyss</a> (1989)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eric_Brevig" title="Eric Brevig">Eric Brevig</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rob_Bottin" title="Rob Bottin">Rob Bottin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tim_McGovern" title="Tim McGovern">Tim McGovern</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Alex_Funke" title="Alex Funke">Alex Funke</a> – <a href="/wiki/Total_Recall_(1990_film)" title="Total Recall (1990 film)">Total Recall</a> (1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dennis_Muren" title="Dennis Muren">Dennis Muren</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stan_Winston" title="Stan Winston">Stan Winston</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gene_Warren_Jr." title="Gene Warren Jr.">Gene Warren Jr.</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Robert_Skotak" title="Robert Skotak">Robert Skotak</a> – <a href="/wiki/Terminator_2:_Judgment_Day" title="Terminator 2: Judgment Day">Terminator 2: Judgment Day</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ken_Ralston" title="Ken Ralston">Ken Ralston</a>, <a href="/wiki/Doug_Chiang" title="Doug Chiang">Doug Chiang</a>, <a href="/wiki/Douglas_Smythe" title="Douglas Smythe">Douglas Smythe</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Tom_Woodruff_Jr." title="Tom Woodruff Jr.">Tom Woodruff Jr.</a> – <a href="/wiki/Death_Becomes_Her" title="Death Becomes Her">Death Becomes Her</a> (1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dennis_Muren" title="Dennis Muren">Dennis Muren</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stan_Winston" title="Stan Winston">Stan Winston</a>, <a href="/wiki/Phil_Tippett" title="Phil Tippett">Phil Tippett</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Michael_Lantieri" title="Michael Lantieri">Michael Lantieri</a> – <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Jurassic Park</a> (1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ken_Ralston" title="Ken Ralston">Ken Ralston</a>, <a href="/wiki/George_Murphy_(special_effects_artist)" title="George Murphy (special effects artist)">George Murphy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Rosenbaum" title="Stephen Rosenbaum">Stephen Rosenbaum</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Allen_Hall_(special_effects_artist)" title="Allen Hall (special effects artist)">Allen Hall</a> – <a href="/wiki/Forrest_Gump" title="Forrest Gump">Forrest Gump</a> (1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scott_E._Anderson" title="Scott E. Anderson">Scott E. Anderson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Charles_Gibson_(special_effects_artist)" title="Charles Gibson (special effects artist)">Charles Gibson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Neal_Scanlan" title="Neal Scanlan">Neal Scanlan</a>, and <a href="/wiki/John_Cox_(special_effects_artist)" title="John Cox (special effects artist)">John Cox</a> – <a href="/wiki/Babe_(film)" title="Babe (film)">Babe</a> (1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volker_Engel" title="Volker Engel">Volker Engel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Douglas_Smith_(special_effects_artist)" title="Douglas Smith (special effects artist)">Douglas Smith</a>, <a href="/wiki/Clay_Pinney" title="Clay Pinney">Clay Pinney</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Joe_Viskocil" title="Joe Viskocil">Joe Viskocil</a> – <a href="/wiki/Independence_Day_(1996_film)" title="Independence Day (1996 film)">Independence Day</a> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Legato" title="Robert Legato">Robert Legato</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mark_Lasoff" title="Mark Lasoff">Mark Lasoff</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thomas_L._Fisher" title="Thomas L. Fisher">Thomas L. Fisher</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Michael_Kanfer" title="Michael Kanfer">Michael Kanfer</a> – <a href="/wiki/Titanic_(1997_film)" title="Titanic (1997 film)">Titanic</a> (1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joel_Hynek" title="Joel Hynek">Joel Hynek</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Brooks_(special_effects_artist)" title="Nicholas Brooks (special effects artist)">Nicholas Brooks</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stuart_Robertson_(visual_effects_artist)" title="Stuart Robertson (visual effects artist)">Stuart Robertson</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Kevin_Mack_(visual_effects_artist)" title="Kevin Mack (visual effects artist)">Kevin Mack</a> – <a href="/wiki/What_Dreams_May_Come_(film)" title="What Dreams May Come (film)">What Dreams May Come</a> (1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Gaeta" title="John Gaeta">John Gaeta</a>, <a href="/wiki/Janek_Sirrs" title="Janek Sirrs">Janek Sirrs</a>, <a href="/wiki/Steve_Courtley" title="Steve Courtley">Steve Courtley</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Jon_Thum" title="Jon Thum">Jon Thum</a> – <a href="/wiki/The_Matrix" title="The Matrix">The Matrix</a> (1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Nelson_(visual_effects_artist)" title="John Nelson (visual effects artist)">John Nelson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Neil_Corbould" title="Neil Corbould">Neil Corbould</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tim_Burke_(visual_effects_supervisor)" title="Tim Burke (visual effects supervisor)">Tim Burke</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Rob_Harvey_(special_effects_artist)" title="Rob Harvey (special effects artist)">Rob Harvey</a> – <a href="/wiki/Gladiator_(2000_film)" title="Gladiator (2000 film)">Gladiator</a> (2000)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #EEDD82;width:1%">2001–2020</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Rygiel" title="Jim Rygiel">Jim Rygiel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Randall_William_Cook" title="Randall William Cook">Randall William Cook</a>, <a href="/wiki/Richard_Taylor_(filmmaker)" title="Richard Taylor (filmmaker)">Richard Taylor</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Mark_Stetson" title="Mark Stetson">Mark Stetson</a> – <a href="/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings:_The_Fellowship_of_the_Ring" title="The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring">The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Rygiel" title="Jim Rygiel">Jim Rygiel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Joe_Letteri" title="Joe Letteri">Joe Letteri</a>, <a href="/wiki/Randall_William_Cook" title="Randall William Cook">Randall William Cook</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Alex_Funke" title="Alex Funke">Alex Funke</a> – <a href="/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings:_The_Two_Towers" title="The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers">The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Rygiel" title="Jim Rygiel">Jim Rygiel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Joe_Letteri" title="Joe Letteri">Joe Letteri</a>, <a href="/wiki/Randall_William_Cook" title="Randall William Cook">Randall William Cook</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Alex_Funke" title="Alex Funke">Alex Funke</a> – <a href="/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings:_The_Return_of_the_King" title="The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King">The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Dykstra" title="John Dykstra">John Dykstra</a>, <a href="/wiki/Scott_Stokdyk" title="Scott Stokdyk">Scott Stokdyk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anthony_LaMolinara" title="Anthony LaMolinara">Anthony LaMolinara</a>, and <a href="/wiki/John_Frazier" title="John Frazier">John Frazier</a> – <a href="/wiki/Spider-Man_2" title="Spider-Man 2">Spider-Man 2</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Letteri" title="Joe Letteri">Joe Letteri</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brian_Van%27t_Hul" title="Brian Van't Hul">Brian Van't Hul</a>, <a href="/wiki/Christian_Rivers" title="Christian Rivers">Christian Rivers</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Richard_Taylor_(filmmaker)" title="Richard Taylor (filmmaker)">Richard Taylor</a> – <a href="/wiki/King_Kong_(2005_film)" title="King Kong (2005 film)">King Kong</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Knoll" title="John Knoll">John Knoll</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hal_Hickel" title="Hal Hickel">Hal Hickel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Charles_Gibson_(special_effects_artist)" title="Charles Gibson (special effects artist)">Charles Gibson</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Allen_Hall_(special_effects_artist)" title="Allen Hall (special effects artist)">Allen Hall</a> – <a href="/wiki/Pirates_of_the_Caribbean:_Dead_Man%27s_Chest" title="Pirates of the Caribbean: Dead Man's Chest">Pirates of the Caribbean: Dead Man's Chest</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_L._Fink" title="Michael L. Fink">Michael L. Fink</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bill_Westenhofer" title="Bill Westenhofer">Bill Westenhofer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ben_Morris_(special_effects_artist)" title="Ben Morris (special effects artist)">Ben Morris</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Trevor_Wood_(special_effects_artist)" title="Trevor Wood (special effects artist)">Trevor Wood</a> – <a href="/wiki/The_Golden_Compass_(film)" title="The Golden Compass (film)">The Golden Compass</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eric_Barba" title="Eric Barba">Eric Barba</a>, <a href="/wiki/Steve_Preeg" title="Steve Preeg">Steve Preeg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Burt_Dalton" title="Burt Dalton">Burt Dalton</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Craig_Barron" title="Craig Barron">Craig Barron</a> – <a href="/wiki/The_Curious_Case_of_Benjamin_Button_(film)" title="The Curious Case of Benjamin Button (film)">The Curious Case of Benjamin Button</a> (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Letteri" title="Joe Letteri">Joe Letteri</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Rosenbaum" title="Stephen Rosenbaum">Stephen Rosenbaum</a>, <a href="/wiki/Richard_Baneham" title="Richard Baneham">Richard Baneham</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Andrew_R._Jones" title="Andrew R. Jones">Andrew R. Jones</a> – <a href="/wiki/Avatar_(2009_film)" title="Avatar (2009 film)">Avatar</a> (2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Franklin_(visual_effects_supervisor)" title="Paul Franklin (visual effects supervisor)">Paul Franklin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chris_Corbould" title="Chris Corbould">Chris Corbould</a>, <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Lockley" title="Andrew Lockley">Andrew Lockley</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Peter_Bebb" title="Peter Bebb">Peter Bebb</a> – <a href="/wiki/Inception" title="Inception">Inception</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Legato" title="Robert Legato">Robert Legato</a>, <a href="/wiki/Joss_Williams" title="Joss Williams">Joss Williams</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ben_Grossmann" title="Ben Grossmann">Ben Grossmann</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Alex_Henning" title="Alex Henning">Alex Henning</a> – <a href="/wiki/Hugo_(film)" title="Hugo (film)">Hugo</a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Westenhofer" title="Bill Westenhofer">Bill Westenhofer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Guillaume_Rocheron" title="Guillaume Rocheron">Guillaume Rocheron</a>, <a href="/wiki/Erik-Jan_de_Boer" title="Erik-Jan de Boer">Erik-Jan de Boer</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Donald_R._Elliott" title="Donald R. Elliott">Donald R. Elliott</a> – <a href="/wiki/Life_of_Pi_(film)" title="Life of Pi (film)">Life of Pi</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tim_Webber" title="Tim Webber">Tim Webber</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chris_Lawrence_(visual_effects)" title="Chris Lawrence (visual effects)">Chris Lawrence</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dave_Shirk" title="Dave Shirk">Dave Shirk</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Neil_Corbould" title="Neil Corbould">Neil Corbould</a> – <a href="/wiki/Gravity_(2013_film)" title="Gravity (2013 film)">Gravity</a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Franklin_(visual_effects_supervisor)" title="Paul Franklin (visual effects supervisor)">Paul Franklin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Lockley" title="Andrew Lockley">Andrew Lockley</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ian_Hunter_(visual_effects_supervisor)" title="Ian Hunter (visual effects supervisor)">Ian Hunter</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Scott_R._Fisher" title="Scott R. Fisher">Scott R. Fisher</a> – <a href="/wiki/Interstellar_(film)" title="Interstellar (film)">Interstellar</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Williams_Ardington" title="Mark Williams Ardington">Mark Williams Ardington</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sara_Bennett" title="Sara Bennett">Sara Bennett</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paul_Norris_(visual_effects)" title="Paul Norris (visual effects)">Paul Norris</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Whitehurst" title="Andrew Whitehurst">Andrew Whitehurst</a> – <a href="/wiki/Ex_Machina_(film)" title="Ex Machina (film)">Ex Machina</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Legato" title="Robert Legato">Robert Legato</a>, <a href="/wiki/Adam_Valdez" title="Adam Valdez">Adam Valdez</a>, <a href="/wiki/Andrew_R._Jones" title="Andrew R. Jones">Andrew R. Jones</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Dan_Lemmon" title="Dan Lemmon">Dan Lemmon</a> – <a href="/wiki/The_Jungle_Book_(2016_film)" title="The Jungle Book (2016 film)">The Jungle Book</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Nelson_(visual_effects_artist)" title="John Nelson (visual effects artist)">John Nelson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gerd_Nefzer" title="Gerd Nefzer">Gerd Nefzer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paul_Lambert_(special_effects_artist)" title="Paul Lambert (special effects artist)">Paul Lambert</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Richard_R._Hoover" title="Richard R. Hoover">Richard R. Hoover</a> – <a href="/wiki/Blade_Runner_2049" title="Blade Runner 2049">Blade Runner 2049</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Lambert_(special_effects_artist)" title="Paul Lambert (special effects artist)">Paul Lambert</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ian_Hunter_(visual_effects_supervisor)" title="Ian Hunter (visual effects supervisor)">Ian Hunter</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tristan_Myles" title="Tristan Myles">Tristan Myles</a>, and <a href="/wiki/J._D._Schwalm" title="J. D. Schwalm">J. D. Schwalm</a> – <a href="/wiki/First_Man_(film)" title="First Man (film)">First Man</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guillaume_Rocheron" title="Guillaume Rocheron">Guillaume Rocheron</a>, <a href="/wiki/Greg_Butler_(visual_effects_supervisor)" title="Greg Butler (visual effects supervisor)">Greg Butler</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Dominic_Tuohy" title="Dominic Tuohy">Dominic Tuohy</a> – <a href="/wiki/1917_(2019_film)" title="1917 (2019 film)">1917</a> (2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Jackson_(visual_effects)" title="Andrew Jackson (visual effects)">Andrew Jackson</a>, <a href="/wiki/David_Lee_(visual_effects_artist)" title="David Lee (visual effects artist)">David Lee</a>, <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Lockley" title="Andrew Lockley">Andrew Lockley</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Scott_R._Fisher" title="Scott R. Fisher">Scott R. Fisher</a> – <a href="/wiki/Tenet_(film)" title="Tenet (film)">Tenet</a> (2020)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #EEDD82;width:1%">2021–present</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Lambert_(special_effects_artist)" title="Paul Lambert (special effects artist)">Paul Lambert</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tristan_Myles" title="Tristan Myles">Tristan Myles</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brian_Connor_(visual_effects_artist)" title="Brian Connor (visual effects artist)">Brian Connor</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Gerd_Nefzer" title="Gerd Nefzer">Gerd Nefzer</a> – <a href="/wiki/Dune_(2021_film)" title="Dune (2021 film)">Dune</a> (2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Letteri" title="Joe Letteri">Joe Letteri</a>, <a href="/wiki/Richard_Baneham" title="Richard Baneham">Richard Baneham</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eric_Saindon" title="Eric Saindon">Eric Saindon</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Barrett_(visual_effects_supervisor)" title="Daniel Barrett (visual effects supervisor)">Daniel Barrett</a> – <a href="/wiki/Avatar:_The_Way_of_Water" title="Avatar: The Way of Water">Avatar: The Way of Water</a> (2022)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Takashi_Yamazaki" title="Takashi Yamazaki">Takashi Yamazaki</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kiyoko_Shibuya" title="Kiyoko Shibuya">Kiyoko Shibuya</a>, <a href="/wiki/Masaki_Takahashi" title="Masaki Takahashi">Masaki Takahashi</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Tatsuji_Nojima" title="Tatsuji Nojima">Tatsuji Nojima</a> – <a href="/wiki/Godzilla_Minus_One" title="Godzilla Minus One">Godzilla Minus One</a> (2023)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="BAFTA_Award_for_Best_Special_Visual_Effects83" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background: #BDB76B"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:BAFTA_Award_for_Best_Special_Visual_Effects" title="Template:BAFTA Award for Best Special Visual Effects"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:BAFTA_Award_for_Best_Special_Visual_Effects" title="Template talk:BAFTA Award for Best Special Visual Effects"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:BAFTA_Award_for_Best_Special_Visual_Effects" title="Special:EditPage/Template:BAFTA Award for Best Special Visual Effects"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="BAFTA_Award_for_Best_Special_Visual_Effects83" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/BAFTA_Award_for_Best_Special_Visual_Effects" title="BAFTA Award for Best Special Visual Effects">BAFTA Award for Best Special Visual Effects</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #BDB76B;width:1%;background: #C5B358">1982–2000</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Edlund" title="Richard Edlund">Richard Edlund</a> – <a href="/wiki/Poltergeist_(1982_film)" title="Poltergeist (1982 film)">Poltergeist</a> (1982)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Edlund" title="Richard Edlund">Richard Edlund</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dennis_Muren" title="Dennis Muren">Dennis Muren</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ken_Ralston" title="Ken Ralston">Ken Ralston</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Kit_West" title="Kit West">Kit West</a> – <a href="/wiki/Return_of_the_Jedi" title="Return of the Jedi">Return of the Jedi</a> (1983)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dennis_Muren" title="Dennis Muren">Dennis Muren</a>, <a href="/wiki/George_Gibbs_(special_effects_artist)" title="George Gibbs (special effects artist)">George Gibbs</a>, <a href="/wiki/Michael_J._McAlister" title="Michael J. McAlister">Michael J. McAlister</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Lorne_Peterson" title="Lorne Peterson">Lorne Peterson</a> – <a href="/wiki/Indiana_Jones_and_the_Temple_of_Doom" title="Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom">Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom</a> (1984)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Gibbs_(special_effects_artist)" title="George Gibbs (special effects artist)">George Gibbs</a> and <a href="/wiki/Richard_Conway_(special_effects_artist)" title="Richard Conway (special effects artist)">Richard Conway</a> – <a href="/wiki/Brazil_(1985_film)" title="Brazil (1985 film)">Brazil</a> (1985)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Skotak" title="Robert Skotak">Robert Skotak</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brian_Johnson_(special_effects_artist)" title="Brian Johnson (special effects artist)">Brian Johnson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Suzanne_M._Benson" title="Suzanne M. Benson">Suzanne M. Benson</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Richardson_(special_effects_designer)" title="John Richardson (special effects designer)">John Richardson</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Stan_Winston" title="Stan Winston">Stan Winston</a> – <a href="/wiki/Aliens_(film)" title="Aliens (film)">Aliens</a> (1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Lantieri" title="Michael Lantieri">Michael Lantieri</a>, <a href="/wiki/Michael_Owens_(visual_effects_artist)" title="Michael Owens (visual effects artist)">Michael Owens</a>, <a href="/wiki/Edward_Jones_(visual_effects_artist)" title="Edward Jones (visual effects artist)">Edward Jones</a>, and Bruce Walters – <a href="/wiki/The_Witches_of_Eastwick_(film)" title="The Witches of Eastwick (film)">The Witches of Eastwick</a> (1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Gibbs_(special_effects_artist)" title="George Gibbs (special effects artist)">George Gibbs</a>, <a href="/wiki/Richard_Williams_(animator)" title="Richard Williams (animator)">Richard Williams</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ken_Ralston" title="Ken Ralston">Ken Ralston</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Edward_Jones_(visual_effects_artist)" title="Edward Jones (visual effects artist)">Edward Jones</a> – <a href="/wiki/Who_Framed_Roger_Rabbit" title="Who Framed Roger Rabbit">Who Framed Roger Rabbit</a> (1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ken_Ralston" title="Ken Ralston">Ken Ralston</a>, <a href="/wiki/Michael_Lantieri" title="Michael Lantieri">Michael Lantieri</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Bell_(special_effects_artist)" title="John Bell (special effects artist)">John Bell</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Steve_Gawley" title="Steve Gawley">Steve Gawley</a> – <a href="/wiki/Back_to_the_Future_Part_II" title="Back to the Future Part II">Back to the Future Part II</a> (1989)</li> <li>The production team of <a href="/wiki/Honey,_I_Shrunk_the_Kids" title="Honey, I Shrunk the Kids">Honey, I Shrunk the Kids</a> (1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stan_Winston" title="Stan Winston">Stan Winston</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dennis_Muren" title="Dennis Muren">Dennis Muren</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gene_Warren_Jr." title="Gene Warren Jr.">Gene Warren Jr.</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Robert_Skotak" title="Robert Skotak">Robert Skotak</a> – <a href="/wiki/Terminator_2:_Judgment_Day" title="Terminator 2: Judgment Day">Terminator 2: Judgment Day</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Lantieri" title="Michael Lantieri">Michael Lantieri</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ken_Ralston" title="Ken Ralston">Ken Ralston</a>, Alec Gillis, Tom Woodruff Jr., <a href="/wiki/Doug_Chiang" title="Doug Chiang">Doug Chiang</a>, and Douglas Smythe – <a href="/wiki/Death_Becomes_Her" title="Death Becomes Her">Death Becomes Her</a> (1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dennis_Muren" title="Dennis Muren">Dennis Muren</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stan_Winston" title="Stan Winston">Stan Winston</a>, <a href="/wiki/Phil_Tippett" title="Phil Tippett">Phil Tippett</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Michael_Lantieri" title="Michael Lantieri">Michael Lantieri</a> – <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Jurassic Park</a> (1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ken_Ralston" title="Ken Ralston">Ken Ralston</a>, <a href="/wiki/George_Murphy_(special_effects_artist)" title="George Murphy (special effects artist)">George Murphy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Rosenbaum" title="Stephen Rosenbaum">Stephen Rosenbaum</a>, <a href="/wiki/Doug_Chiang" title="Doug Chiang">Doug Chiang</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Allen_Hall_(special_effects_artist)" title="Allen Hall (special effects artist)">Allen Hall</a> – <a href="/wiki/Forrest_Gump" title="Forrest Gump">Forrest Gump</a> (1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Legato" title="Robert Legato">Robert Legato</a>, <a href="/wiki/Michael_Kanfer" title="Michael Kanfer">Michael Kanfer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Matt_Sweeney_(special_effects_artist)" title="Matt Sweeney (special effects artist)">Matt Sweeney</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Leslie_Ekker" title="Leslie Ekker">Leslie Ekker</a> – <a href="/wiki/Apollo_13_(film)" title="Apollo 13 (film)">Apollo 13</a> (1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stefen_Fangmeier" title="Stefen Fangmeier">Stefen Fangmeier</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Frazier" title="John Frazier">John Frazier</a>, <a href="/wiki/Henry_LaBounta" title="Henry LaBounta">Henry LaBounta</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Habib_Zargarpour" title="Habib Zargarpour">Habib Zargarpour</a> – <a href="/wiki/Twister_(1996_film)" title="Twister (1996 film)">Twister</a> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Stetson" title="Mark Stetson">Mark Stetson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Karen_Goulekas" title="Karen Goulekas">Karen Goulekas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nick_Allder" title="Nick Allder">Nick Allder</a>, <a href="/wiki/Neil_Corbould" title="Neil Corbould">Neil Corbould</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Nick_Dudman" title="Nick Dudman">Nick Dudman</a> – <a href="/wiki/The_Fifth_Element" title="The Fifth Element">The Fifth Element</a> (1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stefen_Fangmeier" title="Stefen Fangmeier">Stefen Fangmeier</a>, <a href="/wiki/Roger_Guyett" title="Roger Guyett">Roger Guyett</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Neil_Corbould" title="Neil Corbould">Neil Corbould</a> – <a href="/wiki/Saving_Private_Ryan" title="Saving Private Ryan">Saving Private Ryan</a> (1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Gaeta" title="John Gaeta">John Gaeta</a>, <a href="/wiki/Steve_Courtley" title="Steve Courtley">Steve Courtley</a>, <a href="/wiki/Janek_Sirrs" title="Janek Sirrs">Janek Sirrs</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Jon_Thum" title="Jon Thum">Jon Thum</a> – <a href="/wiki/The_Matrix" title="The Matrix">The Matrix</a> (1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stefen_Fangmeier" title="Stefen Fangmeier">Stefen Fangmeier</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Frazier" title="John Frazier">John Frazier</a>, <a href="/wiki/Walt_Conti" title="Walt Conti">Walt Conti</a>, <a href="/wiki/Habib_Zargarpour" title="Habib Zargarpour">Habib Zargarpour</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Tim_Alexander_(visual_effects)" title="Tim Alexander (visual effects)">Tim Alexander</a> – <a href="/wiki/The_Perfect_Storm_(film)" title="The Perfect Storm (film)">The Perfect Storm</a> (2000)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #BDB76B;width:1%;background: #C5B358">2001–2020</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Rygiel" title="Jim Rygiel">Jim Rygiel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Richard_Taylor_(filmmaker)" title="Richard Taylor (filmmaker)">Richard Taylor</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alex_Funke" title="Alex Funke">Alex Funke</a>, <a href="/wiki/Randall_William_Cook" title="Randall William Cook">Randall William Cook</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Mark_Stetson" title="Mark Stetson">Mark Stetson</a> – <a href="/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings:_The_Fellowship_of_the_Ring" title="The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring">The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Rygiel" title="Jim Rygiel">Jim Rygiel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Joe_Letteri" title="Joe Letteri">Joe Letteri</a>, <a href="/wiki/Randall_William_Cook" title="Randall William Cook">Randall William Cook</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Alex_Funke" title="Alex Funke">Alex Funke</a> – <a href="/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings:_The_Two_Towers" title="The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers">The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Letteri" title="Joe Letteri">Joe Letteri</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jim_Rygiel" title="Jim Rygiel">Jim Rygiel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Randall_William_Cook" title="Randall William Cook">Randall William Cook</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Alex_Funke" title="Alex Funke">Alex Funke</a> – <a href="/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings:_The_Return_of_the_King" title="The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King">The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karen_Goulekas" title="Karen Goulekas">Karen Goulekas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Neil_Corbould" title="Neil Corbould">Neil Corbould</a>, <a href="/wiki/Greg_and_Colin_Strause" title="Greg and Colin Strause">Greg Strause</a>, and Remo Balcells – <a href="/wiki/The_Day_After_Tomorrow" title="The Day After Tomorrow">The Day After Tomorrow</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Letteri" title="Joe Letteri">Joe Letteri</a>, <a href="/wiki/Christian_Rivers" title="Christian Rivers">Christian Rivers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brian_Van%27t_Hul" title="Brian Van't Hul">Brian Van't Hul</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Richard_Taylor_(filmmaker)" title="Richard Taylor (filmmaker)">Richard Taylor</a> – <a href="/wiki/King_Kong_(2005_film)" title="King Kong (2005 film)">King Kong</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Knoll" title="John Knoll">John Knoll</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hal_Hickel" title="Hal Hickel">Hal Hickel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Charles_Gibson_(special_effects_artist)" title="Charles Gibson (special effects artist)">Charles Gibson</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Allen_Hall_(special_effects_artist)" title="Allen Hall (special effects artist)">Allen Hall</a> – <a href="/wiki/Pirates_of_the_Caribbean:_Dead_Man%27s_Chest" title="Pirates of the Caribbean: Dead Man's Chest">Pirates of the Caribbean: Dead Man's Chest</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_L._Fink" title="Michael L. Fink">Michael L. Fink</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bill_Westenhofer" title="Bill Westenhofer">Bill Westenhofer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ben_Morris_(special_effects_artist)" title="Ben Morris (special effects artist)">Ben Morris</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Trevor_Wood_(special_effects_artist)" title="Trevor Wood (special effects artist)">Trevor Wood</a> – <a href="/wiki/The_Golden_Compass_(film)" title="The Golden Compass (film)">The Golden Compass</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eric_Barba" title="Eric Barba">Eric Barba</a>, <a href="/wiki/Craig_Barron" title="Craig Barron">Craig Barron</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nathan_McGuinness" title="Nathan McGuinness">Nathan McGuinness</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Edson_Williams" title="Edson Williams">Edson Williams</a> – <a href="/wiki/The_Curious_Case_of_Benjamin_Button_(film)" title="The Curious Case of Benjamin Button (film)">The Curious Case of Benjamin Button</a> (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Letteri" title="Joe Letteri">Joe Letteri</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Rosenbaum" title="Stephen Rosenbaum">Stephen Rosenbaum</a>, <a href="/wiki/Richard_Baneham" title="Richard Baneham">Richard Baneham</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Andrew_R._Jones" title="Andrew R. Jones">Andrew R. Jones</a> – <a href="/wiki/Avatar_(2009_film)" title="Avatar (2009 film)">Avatar</a> (2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chris_Corbould" title="Chris Corbould">Chris Corbould</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paul_Franklin_(visual_effects_supervisor)" title="Paul Franklin (visual effects supervisor)">Paul Franklin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Lockley" title="Andrew Lockley">Andrew Lockley</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Peter_Bebb" title="Peter Bebb">Peter Bebb</a> – <a href="/wiki/Inception" title="Inception">Inception</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tim_Burke_(visual_effects_supervisor)" title="Tim Burke (visual effects supervisor)">Tim Burke</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Richardson_(special_effects_designer)" title="John Richardson (special effects designer)">John Richardson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Greg_Butler_(visual_effects_supervisor)" title="Greg Butler (visual effects supervisor)">Greg Butler</a>, and <a href="/wiki/David_Vickery" title="David Vickery">David Vickery</a> – <a href="/wiki/Harry_Potter_and_the_Deathly_Hallows_%E2%80%93_Part_2" title="Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 2">Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 2</a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Westenhofer" title="Bill Westenhofer">Bill Westenhofer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Guillaume_Rocheron" title="Guillaume Rocheron">Guillaume Rocheron</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Erik-Jan_de_Boer" title="Erik-Jan de Boer">Erik-Jan de Boer</a> – <a href="/wiki/Life_of_Pi_(film)" title="Life of Pi (film)">Life of Pi</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tim_Webber" title="Tim Webber">Tim Webber</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chris_Lawrence_(visual_effects)" title="Chris Lawrence (visual effects)">Chris Lawrence</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dave_Shirk" title="Dave Shirk">Dave Shirk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Neil_Corbould" title="Neil Corbould">Neil Corbould</a>, and Nikki Penny – <a href="/wiki/Gravity_(2013_film)" title="Gravity (2013 film)">Gravity</a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Franklin_(visual_effects_supervisor)" title="Paul Franklin (visual effects supervisor)">Paul Franklin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Scott_R._Fisher" title="Scott R. Fisher">Scott R. Fisher</a>, <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Lockley" title="Andrew Lockley">Andrew Lockley</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Ian_Hunter_(visual_effects_supervisor)" title="Ian Hunter (visual effects supervisor)">Ian Hunter</a> – <a href="/wiki/Interstellar_(film)" title="Interstellar (film)">Interstellar</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chris_Corbould" title="Chris Corbould">Chris Corbould</a>, <a href="/wiki/Roger_Guyett" title="Roger Guyett">Roger Guyett</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paul_Kavanagh_(visual_effects_artist)" title="Paul Kavanagh (visual effects artist)">Paul Kavanagh</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Neal_Scanlan" title="Neal Scanlan">Neal Scanlan</a> - <a href="/wiki/Star_Wars:_The_Force_Awakens" title="Star Wars: The Force Awakens">Star Wars: The Force Awakens</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Legato" title="Robert Legato">Robert Legato</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dan_Lemmon" title="Dan Lemmon">Dan Lemmon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Andrew_R._Jones" title="Andrew R. Jones">Andrew R. Jones</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Adam_Valdez" title="Adam Valdez">Adam Valdez</a> – <a href="/wiki/The_Jungle_Book_(2016_film)" title="The Jungle Book (2016 film)">The Jungle Book</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_R._Hoover" title="Richard R. Hoover">Richard R. Hoover</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paul_Lambert_(special_effects_artist)" title="Paul Lambert (special effects artist)">Paul Lambert</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gerd_Nefzer" title="Gerd Nefzer">Gerd Nefzer</a>, and <a href="/wiki/John_Nelson_(visual_effects_artist)" title="John Nelson (visual effects artist)">John Nelson</a> – <a href="/wiki/Blade_Runner_2049" title="Blade Runner 2049">Blade Runner 2049</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_Baumann" title="Geoffrey Baumann">Geoffrey Baumann</a>, Jesse James Chisholm, <a href="/wiki/Craig_Hammack" title="Craig Hammack">Craig Hammack</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Dan_Sudick" title="Dan Sudick">Dan Sudick</a> – <a href="/wiki/Black_Panther_(film)" title="Black Panther (film)">Black Panther</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greg_Butler_(visual_effects_supervisor)" title="Greg Butler (visual effects supervisor)">Greg Butler</a>, <a href="/wiki/Guillaume_Rocheron" title="Guillaume Rocheron">Guillaume Rocheron</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Dominic_Tuohy" title="Dominic Tuohy">Dominic Tuohy</a> – <a href="/wiki/1917_(2019_film)" title="1917 (2019 film)">1917</a> (2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scott_R._Fisher" title="Scott R. Fisher">Scott R. Fisher</a>, <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Jackson_(visual_effects)" title="Andrew Jackson (visual effects)">Andrew Jackson</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Lockley" title="Andrew Lockley">Andrew Lockley</a> – <a href="/wiki/Tenet_(film)" title="Tenet (film)">Tenet</a> (2020)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #BDB76B;width:1%;background: #C5B358">2021–present</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brian_Connor_(visual_effects_artist)" title="Brian Connor (visual effects artist)">Brian Connor</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paul_Lambert_(special_effects_artist)" title="Paul Lambert (special effects artist)">Paul Lambert</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tristan_Myles" title="Tristan Myles">Tristan Myles</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Gerd_Nefzer" title="Gerd Nefzer">Gerd Nefzer</a> – <a href="/wiki/Dune_(2021_film)" title="Dune (2021 film)">Dune</a> (2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Baneham" title="Richard Baneham">Richard Baneham</a>, <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Barrett_(visual_effects_supervisor)" title="Daniel Barrett (visual effects supervisor)">Daniel Barrett</a>, <a href="/wiki/Joe_Letteri" title="Joe Letteri">Joe Letteri</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Eric_Saindon" title="Eric Saindon">Eric Saindon</a> – <a href="/wiki/Avatar:_The_Way_of_Water" title="Avatar: The Way of Water">Avatar: The Way of Water</a> (2022)</li> <li>Simon Hughes – <a href="/wiki/Poor_Things_(film)" title="Poor Things (film)">Poor Things</a> (2023)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Lambert_(special_effects_artist)" title="Paul Lambert (special effects artist)">Paul Lambert</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stephen_James_(visual_effects_artist)" title="Stephen James (visual effects artist)">Stephen James</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gerd_Nefzer" title="Gerd Nefzer">Gerd Nefzer</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Rhys_Salcombe" title="Rhys Salcombe">Rhys Salcombe</a> – <a href="/wiki/Dune:_Part_Two" title="Dune: Part Two">Dune: Part Two</a> (2024)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Blue_Ribbon_Award_for_Best_Foreign_Film43" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Blue_Ribbon_Award_for_Best_Foreign_Film" title="Template:Blue Ribbon Award for Best Foreign Film"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Blue_Ribbon_Award_for_Best_Foreign_Film" title="Template talk:Blue Ribbon Award for Best Foreign Film"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Blue_Ribbon_Award_for_Best_Foreign_Film" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Blue Ribbon Award for Best Foreign Film"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Blue_Ribbon_Award_for_Best_Foreign_Film43" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Blue_Ribbon_Award_for_Best_Foreign_Film" title="Blue Ribbon Award for Best Foreign Film">Blue Ribbon Award for Best Foreign Film</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sunset_Boulevard_(film)" title="Sunset Boulevard (film)">Sunset Boulevard</a> (1951)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monsieur_Verdoux" title="Monsieur Verdoux">Monsieur Verdoux</a> (1952)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forbidden_Games" title="Forbidden Games">Forbidden Games</a> (1953)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Wages_of_Fear" title="The Wages of Fear">The Wages of Fear</a> (1954)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_of_Eden_(film)" title="East of Eden (film)">East of Eden</a> (1955)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gervaise_(film)" title="Gervaise (film)">Gervaise</a> (1956)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Strada" title="La Strada">La Strada</a> (1957)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Old_Man_and_the_Sea_(1958_film)" title="The Old Man and the Sea (1958 film)">The Old Man and the Sea</a> (1958)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/12_Angry_Men_(1957_film)" title="12 Angry Men (1957 film)">12 Angry Men</a> (1959)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/On_the_Beach_(1959_film)" title="On the Beach (1959 film)">On the Beach</a> (1960)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Two_Women" title="Two Women">Two Women</a> (1961)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Grapes_of_Wrath_(film)" title="The Grapes of Wrath (film)">The Grapes of Wrath</a> (1962)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sundays_and_Cybele" class="mw-redirect" title="Sundays and Cybele">Sundays and Cybele</a> (1963)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lilies_of_the_Field_(1963_film)" title="Lilies of the Field (1963 film)">Lilies of the Field</a> (1964)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Poppins_(film)" title="Mary Poppins (film)">Mary Poppins</a> (1965)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_Man_and_a_Woman" title="A Man and a Woman">A Man and a Woman</a> (1966)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lenny_(film)" title="Lenny (film)">Lenny</a> (1975)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taxi_Driver" title="Taxi Driver">Taxi Driver</a> (1976)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rocky" title="Rocky">Rocky</a> (1977)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conversation_Piece_(film)" title="Conversation Piece (film)">Conversation Piece</a> (1978)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Deer_Hunter" title="The Deer Hunter">The Deer Hunter</a> (1979)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kramer_vs._Kramer" title="Kramer vs. Kramer">Kramer vs. Kramer</a> (1980)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Tin_Drum_(film)" title="The Tin Drum (film)">The Tin Drum</a> (1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/E.T._the_Extra-Terrestrial" title="E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial">E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial</a> (1982)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flashdance" title="Flashdance">Flashdance</a> (1983)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Right_Stuff_(film)" title="The Right Stuff (film)">The Right Stuff</a> (1984)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Witness_(1985_film)" title="Witness (1985 film)">Witness</a> (1985)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Color_Purple_(1985_film)" title="The Color Purple (1985 film)">The Color Purple</a> (1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Untouchables_(film)" title="The Untouchables (film)">The Untouchables</a> (1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wings_of_Desire" title="Wings of Desire">Wings of Desire</a> (1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Die_Hard" title="Die Hard">Die Hard</a> (1989)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Field_of_Dreams" title="Field of Dreams">Field of Dreams</a> (1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Silence_of_the_Lambs_(film)" title="The Silence of the Lambs (film)">The Silence of the Lambs</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/JFK_(film)" title="JFK (film)">JFK</a> (1992)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Jurassic Park</a> (1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pulp_Fiction" title="Pulp Fiction">Pulp Fiction</a> (1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Bridges_of_Madison_County_(film)" title="The Bridges of Madison County (film)">The Bridges of Madison County</a> (1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seven_(1995_film)" title="Seven (1995 film)">Seven</a> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Titanic_(1997_film)" title="Titanic (1997 film)">Titanic</a> (1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/L.A._Confidential_(film)" title="L.A. Confidential (film)">L.A. Confidential</a> (1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Life_Is_Beautiful" title="Life Is Beautiful">Life Is Beautiful</a> (1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dancer_in_the_Dark" title="Dancer in the Dark">Dancer in the Dark</a> (2000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joint_Security_Area_(film)" title="Joint Security Area (film)">Joint Security Area</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaolin_Soccer" title="Shaolin Soccer">Shaolin Soccer</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infernal_Affairs" title="Infernal Affairs">Infernal Affairs</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mystic_River_(film)" title="Mystic River (film)">Mystic River</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Million_Dollar_Baby" title="Million Dollar Baby">Million Dollar Baby</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flags_of_Our_Fathers_(film)" title="Flags of Our Fathers (film)">Flags of Our Fathers</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dreamgirls_(film)" title="Dreamgirls (film)">Dreamgirls</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Dark_Knight" title="The Dark Knight">The Dark Knight</a> (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gran_Torino" title="Gran Torino">Gran Torino</a> (2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/District_9" title="District 9">District 9</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Swan_(film)" title="Black Swan (film)">Black Swan</a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Les_Mis%C3%A9rables_(2012_film)" title="Les Misérables (2012 film)">Les Misérables</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gravity_(2013_film)" title="Gravity (2013 film)">Gravity</a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jersey_Boys_(film)" title="Jersey Boys (film)">Jersey Boys</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mad_Max:_Fury_Road" title="Mad Max: Fury Road">Mad Max: Fury Road</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rogue_One" title="Rogue One">Rogue One</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hidden_Figures" title="Hidden Figures">Hidden Figures</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bohemian_Rhapsody_(film)" title="Bohemian Rhapsody (film)">Bohemian Rhapsody</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joker_(2019_film)" title="Joker (2019 film)">Joker</a> (2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parasite_(2019_film)" title="Parasite (2019 film)">Parasite</a> (2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/No_Time_to_Die" title="No Time to Die">No Time to Die</a> (2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Top_Gun:_Maverick" title="Top Gun: Maverick">Top Gun: Maverick</a> (2022)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Super_Mario_Bros._Movie" title="The Super Mario Bros. Movie">The Super Mario Bros. Movie</a> (2023)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oppenheimer_(film)" title="Oppenheimer (film)">Oppenheimer</a> (2024)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Hugo_Award_for_Best_Dramatic_Presentation75" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background: #DBD7D2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Hugo_Award_for_Best_Dramatic_Presentation" title="Template:Hugo Award for Best Dramatic Presentation"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Hugo_Award_for_Best_Dramatic_Presentation" title="Template talk:Hugo Award for Best Dramatic Presentation"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Hugo_Award_for_Best_Dramatic_Presentation" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Hugo Award for Best Dramatic Presentation"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Hugo_Award_for_Best_Dramatic_Presentation75" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Hugo_Award_for_Best_Dramatic_Presentation" title="Hugo Award for Best Dramatic Presentation">Hugo Award for Best Dramatic Presentation</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #C0C0C0">1950s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>1958: <a href="/wiki/The_Incredible_Shrinking_Man" title="The Incredible Shrinking Man">The Incredible Shrinking Man</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #C0C0C0">1960s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>1960: <a href="/wiki/The_Twilight_Zone_(1959_TV_series)" title="The Twilight Zone (1959 TV series)">The Twilight Zone</a></li> <li>1961: <a href="/wiki/The_Twilight_Zone_(1959_TV_series)" title="The Twilight Zone (1959 TV series)">The Twilight Zone</a></li> <li>1962: <a href="/wiki/The_Twilight_Zone_(1959_TV_series)" title="The Twilight Zone (1959 TV series)">The Twilight Zone</a></li> <li>1965: <a href="/wiki/Dr._Strangelove" title="Dr. Strangelove">Dr. Strangelove</a></li> <li>1967: <a href="/wiki/Star_Trek:_The_Original_Series" title="Star Trek: The Original Series">Star Trek</a> – "<a href="/wiki/The_Menagerie_(Star_Trek:_The_Original_Series)" title="The Menagerie (Star Trek: The Original Series)">The Menagerie</a>"</li> <li>1968: <a href="/wiki/Star_Trek:_The_Original_Series" title="Star Trek: The Original Series">Star Trek</a> – "<a href="/wiki/The_City_on_the_Edge_of_Forever" title="The City on the Edge of Forever">The City on the Edge of Forever</a>"</li> <li>1969: <a href="/wiki/2001:_A_Space_Odyssey" title="2001: A Space Odyssey">2001: A Space Odyssey</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #C0C0C0">1970s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>1970: News coverage of <a href="/wiki/Apollo_11" title="Apollo 11">Apollo 11</a></li> <li>1972: <a href="/wiki/A_Clockwork_Orange_(film)" title="A Clockwork Orange (film)">A Clockwork Orange</a></li> <li>1973: <a href="/wiki/Slaughterhouse-Five_(film)" title="Slaughterhouse-Five (film)">Slaughterhouse-Five</a></li> <li>1974: <a href="/wiki/Sleeper_(1973_film)" title="Sleeper (1973 film)">Sleeper</a></li> <li>1975: <a href="/wiki/Young_Frankenstein" title="Young Frankenstein">Young Frankenstein</a></li> <li>1976: <a href="/wiki/A_Boy_and_His_Dog_(1975_film)" title="A Boy and His Dog (1975 film)">A Boy and His Dog</a></li> <li>1978: <a href="/wiki/Star_Wars_(film)" title="Star Wars (film)">Star Wars</a></li> <li>1979: <a href="/wiki/Superman_(1978_film)" title="Superman (1978 film)">Superman</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #C0C0C0">1980s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>1980: <a href="/wiki/Alien_(film)" title="Alien (film)">Alien</a></li> <li>1981: <a href="/wiki/The_Empire_Strikes_Back" title="The Empire Strikes Back">The Empire Strikes Back</a></li> <li>1982: <a href="/wiki/Raiders_of_the_Lost_Ark" title="Raiders of the Lost Ark">Raiders of the Lost Ark</a></li> <li>1983: <a href="/wiki/Blade_Runner" title="Blade Runner">Blade Runner</a></li> <li>1984: <a href="/wiki/Return_of_the_Jedi" title="Return of the Jedi">Return of the Jedi</a></li> <li>1985: <a href="/wiki/2010:_The_Year_We_Make_Contact" title="2010: The Year We Make Contact">2010: The Year We Make Contact</a></li> <li>1986: <a href="/wiki/Back_to_the_Future" title="Back to the Future">Back to the Future</a></li> <li>1987: <a href="/wiki/Aliens_(film)" title="Aliens (film)">Aliens</a></li> <li>1988: <a href="/wiki/The_Princess_Bride_(film)" title="The Princess Bride (film)">The Princess Bride</a></li> <li>1989: <a href="/wiki/Who_Framed_Roger_Rabbit" title="Who Framed Roger Rabbit">Who Framed Roger Rabbit</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #C0C0C0">1990s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>1990: <a href="/wiki/Indiana_Jones_and_the_Last_Crusade" title="Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade">Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade</a></li> <li>1991: <a href="/wiki/Edward_Scissorhands" title="Edward Scissorhands">Edward Scissorhands</a></li> <li>1992: <a href="/wiki/Terminator_2:_Judgment_Day" title="Terminator 2: Judgment Day">Terminator 2: Judgment Day</a></li> <li>1993: <a href="/wiki/Star_Trek:_The_Next_Generation" title="Star Trek: The Next Generation">Star Trek: The Next Generation</a> – "<a href="/wiki/The_Inner_Light_(Star_Trek:_The_Next_Generation)" title="The Inner Light (Star Trek: The Next Generation)">The Inner Light</a>"</li> <li>1994: <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Jurassic Park</a></li> <li>1995: <a href="/wiki/Star_Trek:_The_Next_Generation" title="Star Trek: The Next Generation">Star Trek: The Next Generation</a> – "<a href="/wiki/All_Good_Things..._(Star_Trek:_The_Next_Generation)" title="All Good Things... (Star Trek: The Next Generation)">All Good Things...</a>"</li> <li>1996: <a href="/wiki/Babylon_5" title="Babylon 5">Babylon 5</a> – "<a href="/wiki/The_Coming_of_Shadows" title="The Coming of Shadows">The Coming of Shadows</a>"</li> <li>1997: <a href="/wiki/Babylon_5" title="Babylon 5">Babylon 5</a> – "<a href="/wiki/Severed_Dreams" title="Severed Dreams">Severed Dreams</a>"</li> <li>1998: <a href="/wiki/Contact_(1997_American_film)" title="Contact (1997 American film)">Contact</a></li> <li>1999: <a href="/wiki/The_Truman_Show" title="The Truman Show">The Truman Show</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #C0C0C0">2000s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>2000: <a href="/wiki/Galaxy_Quest" title="Galaxy Quest">Galaxy Quest</a></li> <li>2001: <a href="/wiki/Crouching_Tiger,_Hidden_Dragon" title="Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon">Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon</a></li> <li>2002: <a href="/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings:_The_Fellowship_of_the_Ring" title="The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring">The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Japan_Academy_Film_Prize_for_Outstanding_Foreign_Language_Film66" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background: #EEDD82;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Japan_Academy_Film_Prize_for_Outstanding_Foreign_Language_Film" title="Template:Japan Academy Film Prize for Outstanding Foreign Language Film"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:Japan_Academy_Film_Prize_for_Outstanding_Foreign_Language_Film&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:Japan Academy Film Prize for Outstanding Foreign Language Film (page does not exist)"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Japan_Academy_Film_Prize_for_Outstanding_Foreign_Language_Film" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Japan Academy Film Prize for Outstanding Foreign Language Film"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Japan_Academy_Film_Prize_for_Outstanding_Foreign_Language_Film66" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Japan_Academy_Film_Prize_for_Outstanding_Foreign_Language_Film" title="Japan Academy Film Prize for Outstanding Foreign Language Film">Japan Academy Film Prize for Outstanding Foreign Language Film</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rocky" title="Rocky">Rocky</a> (1978)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conversation_Piece_(film)" title="Conversation Piece (film)">Conversation Piece</a> (1979)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Deer_Hunter" title="The Deer Hunter">The Deer Hunter</a> (1980)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kramer_vs._Kramer" title="Kramer vs. Kramer">Kramer vs. Kramer</a> (1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Tin_Drum_(film)" title="The Tin Drum (film)">The Tin Drum</a> (1982)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/E.T._the_Extra-Terrestrial" title="E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial">E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial</a> (1983)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/An_Officer_and_a_Gentleman" title="An Officer and a Gentleman">An Officer and a Gentleman</a> (1984)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Once_Upon_a_Time_in_America" title="Once Upon a Time in America">Once Upon a Time in America</a> (1985)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amadeus_(film)" title="Amadeus (film)">Amadeus</a> (1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Back_to_the_Future" title="Back to the Future">Back to the Future</a> (1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Platoon_(film)" title="Platoon (film)">Platoon</a> (1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Last_Emperor" title="The Last Emperor">The Last Emperor</a> (1989)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Die_Hard" title="Die Hard">Die Hard</a> (1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Field_of_Dreams" title="Field of Dreams">Field of Dreams</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dances_With_Wolves" title="Dances With Wolves">Dances With Wolves</a> (1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/JFK_(film)" title="JFK (film)">JFK</a> (1993)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Jurassic Park</a> (1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schindler%27s_List" title="Schindler's List">Schindler's List</a> (1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Shawshank_Redemption" title="The Shawshank Redemption">The Shawshank Redemption</a> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Il_Postino:_The_Postman" title="Il Postino: The Postman">Il Postino: The Postman</a> (1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Titanic_(1997_film)" title="Titanic (1997 film)">Titanic</a> (1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/L.A._Confidential_(film)" title="L.A. Confidential (film)">L.A. Confidential</a> (1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Sixth_Sense" title="The Sixth Sense">The Sixth Sense</a> (2000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dancer_in_the_Dark" title="Dancer in the Dark">Dancer in the Dark</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Billy_Elliot" title="Billy Elliot">Billy Elliot</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monster%27s_Ball" title="Monster's Ball">Monster's Ball</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Pianist_(2002_film)" title="The Pianist (2002 film)">The Pianist</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Last_Samurai" title="The Last Samurai">The Last Samurai</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Million_Dollar_Baby" title="Million Dollar Baby">Million Dollar Baby</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flags_of_Our_Fathers_(film)" title="Flags of Our Fathers (film)">Flags of Our Fathers</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Letters_from_Iwo_Jima" title="Letters from Iwo Jima">Letters from Iwo Jima</a> (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Dark_Knight" title="The Dark Knight">The Dark Knight</a> (2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gran_Torino" title="Gran Torino">Gran Torino</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avatar_(2009_film)" title="Avatar (2009 film)">Avatar</a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_King%27s_Speech" title="The King's Speech">The King's Speech</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Intouchables" title="The Intouchables">The Intouchables</a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Les_Mis%C3%A9rables_(2012_film)" title="Les Misérables (2012 film)">Les Misérables</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frozen_(2013_film)" title="Frozen (2013 film)">Frozen</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Sniper" title="American Sniper">American Sniper</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sully_(film)" title="Sully (film)">Sully</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_La_Land" title="La La Land">La La Land</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bohemian_Rhapsody_(film)" title="Bohemian Rhapsody (film)">Bohemian Rhapsody</a> (2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joker_(2019_film)" title="Joker (2019 film)">Joker</a> (2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parasite_(2019_film)" title="Parasite (2019 film)">Parasite</a> (2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/No_Time_to_Die" title="No Time to Die">No Time to Die</a> (2022)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Top_Gun:_Maverick" title="Top Gun: Maverick">Top Gun: Maverick</a> (2023)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mission:_Impossible_%E2%80%93_Dead_Reckoning_Part_One" title="Mission: Impossible – Dead Reckoning Part One">Mission: Impossible – Dead Reckoning Part One</a> (2024)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Kids&#039;_Choice_Award_for_Favorite_Movie41" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Nickelodeon_Kids%27_Choice_Award_for_Favorite_Movie" title="Template:Nickelodeon Kids' Choice Award for Favorite Movie"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Nickelodeon_Kids%27_Choice_Award_for_Favorite_Movie" title="Template talk:Nickelodeon Kids' Choice Award for Favorite Movie"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Nickelodeon_Kids%27_Choice_Award_for_Favorite_Movie" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Nickelodeon Kids' Choice Award for Favorite Movie"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Kids&#039;_Choice_Award_for_Favorite_Movie41" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Kids%27_Choice_Award_for_Favorite_Movie" title="Kids' Choice Award for Favorite Movie">Kids' Choice Award for Favorite Movie</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beverly_Hills_Cop_II" title="Beverly Hills Cop II">Beverly Hills Cop II</a> (1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Who_Framed_Roger_Rabbit" title="Who Framed Roger Rabbit">Who Framed Roger Rabbit</a> (1989)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Look_Who%27s_Talking" title="Look Who's Talking">Look Who's Talking</a> (1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Home_Alone" title="Home Alone">Home Alone</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Addams_Family_(1991_film)" title="The Addams Family (1991 film)">The Addams Family</a> (1992)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Jurassic Park</a> (1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Lion_King" title="The Lion King">The Lion King</a> (1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ace_Ventura:_When_Nature_Calls" title="Ace Ventura: When Nature Calls">Ace Ventura: When Nature Calls</a> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independence_Day_(1996_film)" title="Independence Day (1996 film)">Independence Day</a> (1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Titanic_(1997_film)" title="Titanic (1997 film)">Titanic</a> (1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Rugrats_Movie" title="The Rugrats Movie">The Rugrats Movie</a> (1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Big_Daddy_(1999_film)" title="Big Daddy (1999 film)">Big Daddy</a> (2000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/How_the_Grinch_Stole_Christmas_(2000_film)" title="How the Grinch Stole Christmas (2000 film)">How the Grinch Stole Christmas</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rush_Hour_2" title="Rush Hour 2">Rush Hour 2</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austin_Powers_in_Goldmember" title="Austin Powers in Goldmember">Austin Powers in Goldmember</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finding_Nemo" title="Finding Nemo">Finding Nemo</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Incredibles" title="The Incredibles">The Incredibles</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_Potter_and_the_Goblet_of_Fire_(film)" title="Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire (film)">Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pirates_of_the_Caribbean:_Dead_Man%27s_Chest" title="Pirates of the Caribbean: Dead Man's Chest">Pirates of the Caribbean: Dead Man's Chest</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alvin_and_the_Chipmunks_(film)" title="Alvin and the Chipmunks (film)">Alvin and the Chipmunks</a> (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_School_Musical_3:_Senior_Year" title="High School Musical 3: Senior Year">High School Musical 3: Senior Year</a> (2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alvin_and_the_Chipmunks:_The_Squeakquel" title="Alvin and the Chipmunks: The Squeakquel">Alvin and the Chipmunks: The Squeakquel</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Karate_Kid_(2010_film)" title="The Karate Kid (2010 film)">The Karate Kid</a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alvin_and_the_Chipmunks:_Chipwrecked" title="Alvin and the Chipmunks: Chipwrecked">Alvin and the Chipmunks: Chipwrecked</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Hunger_Games_(film)" title="The Hunger Games (film)">The Hunger Games</a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Hunger_Games:_Catching_Fire" title="The Hunger Games: Catching Fire">The Hunger Games: Catching Fire</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Hunger_Games:_Mockingjay_%E2%80%93_Part_1" title="The Hunger Games: Mockingjay – Part 1">The Hunger Games: Mockingjay – Part 1</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Star_Wars:_The_Force_Awakens" title="Star Wars: The Force Awakens">Star Wars: The Force Awakens</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghostbusters_(2016_film)" title="Ghostbusters (2016 film)">Ghostbusters</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jumanji:_Welcome_to_the_Jungle" title="Jumanji: Welcome to the Jungle">Jumanji: Welcome to the Jungle</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avengers:_Infinity_War" title="Avengers: Infinity War">Avengers: Infinity War</a> (2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avengers:_Endgame" title="Avengers: Endgame">Avengers: Endgame</a> (2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wonder_Woman_1984" title="Wonder Woman 1984">Wonder Woman 1984</a> (2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spider-Man:_No_Way_Home" title="Spider-Man: No Way Home">Spider-Man: No Way Home</a> (2022)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sonic_the_Hedgehog_2_(film)" title="Sonic the Hedgehog 2 (film)">Sonic the Hedgehog 2</a> (2023)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbie_(film)" title="Barbie (film)">Barbie</a> (2024)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Saturn_Award_for_Best_Science_Fiction_Film46" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Saturn_Award_for_Best_Science_Fiction_Film" title="Template:Saturn Award for Best Science Fiction Film"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Saturn_Award_for_Best_Science_Fiction_Film" title="Template talk:Saturn Award for Best Science Fiction Film"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Saturn_Award_for_Best_Science_Fiction_Film" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Saturn Award for Best Science Fiction Film"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Saturn_Award_for_Best_Science_Fiction_Film46" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Saturn_Award_for_Best_Science_Fiction_Film" title="Saturn Award for Best Science Fiction Film">Saturn Award for Best Science Fiction Film</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Slaughterhouse-Five_(film)" title="Slaughterhouse-Five (film)">Slaughterhouse-Five</a> (1972)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soylent_Green" title="Soylent Green">Soylent Green</a> (1973)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rollerball_(1975_film)" title="Rollerball (1975 film)">Rollerball</a> (1974/75)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Logan%27s_Run_(film)" title="Logan's Run (film)">Logan's Run</a> (1976)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Star_Wars_(film)" title="Star Wars (film)">Star Wars</a> (1977)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superman_(1978_film)" title="Superman (1978 film)">Superman</a> (1978)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alien_(film)" title="Alien (film)">Alien</a> (1979)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Empire_Strikes_Back" title="The Empire Strikes Back">The Empire Strikes Back</a> (1980)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superman_II" title="Superman II">Superman II</a> (1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/E.T._the_Extra-Terrestrial" title="E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial">E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial</a> (1982)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Return_of_the_Jedi" title="Return of the Jedi">Return of the Jedi</a> (1983)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Terminator" title="The Terminator">The Terminator</a> (1984)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Back_to_the_Future" title="Back to the Future">Back to the Future</a> (1985)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aliens_(film)" title="Aliens (film)">Aliens</a> (1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/RoboCop" title="RoboCop">RoboCop</a> (1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alien_Nation_(film)" title="Alien Nation (film)">Alien Nation</a> (1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Total_Recall_(1990_film)" title="Total Recall (1990 film)">Total Recall</a> (1989/90)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terminator_2:_Judgment_Day" title="Terminator 2: Judgment Day">Terminator 2: Judgment Day</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Star_Trek_VI:_The_Undiscovered_Country" title="Star Trek VI: The Undiscovered Country">Star Trek VI: The Undiscovered Country</a> (1992)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Jurassic Park</a> (1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stargate_(film)" title="Stargate (film)">Stargate</a> (1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/12_Monkeys" title="12 Monkeys">12 Monkeys</a> (1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independence_Day_(1996_film)" title="Independence Day (1996 film)">Independence Day</a> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Men_in_Black_(1997_film)" title="Men in Black (1997 film)">Men in Black</a> (1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armageddon_(1998_film)" title="Armageddon (1998 film)">Armageddon</a>/<a href="/wiki/Dark_City_(1998_film)" title="Dark City (1998 film)">Dark City</a> (1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Matrix" title="The Matrix">The Matrix</a> (1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/X-Men_(film)" title="X-Men (film)">X-Men</a> (2000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/A.I._Artificial_Intelligence" title="A.I. Artificial Intelligence">A.I. Artificial Intelligence</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minority_Report_(film)" title="Minority Report (film)">Minority Report</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/X2_(film)" title="X2 (film)">X2: X-Men United</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eternal_Sunshine_of_the_Spotless_Mind" title="Eternal Sunshine of the Spotless Mind">Eternal Sunshine of the Spotless Mind</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Star_Wars:_Episode_III_%E2%80%93_Revenge_of_the_Sith" title="Star Wars: Episode III – Revenge of the Sith">Star Wars: Episode III – Revenge of the Sith</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Children_of_Men" title="Children of Men">Children of Men</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cloverfield" title="Cloverfield">Cloverfield</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iron_Man_(2008_film)" title="Iron Man (2008 film)">Iron Man</a> (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avatar_(2009_film)" title="Avatar (2009 film)">Avatar</a> (2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inception" title="Inception">Inception</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rise_of_the_Planet_of_the_Apes" title="Rise of the Planet of the Apes">Rise of the Planet of the Apes</a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Avengers_(2012_film)" title="The Avengers (2012 film)">The Avengers</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gravity_(2013_film)" title="Gravity (2013 film)">Gravity</a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interstellar_(film)" title="Interstellar (film)">Interstellar</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Star_Wars:_The_Force_Awakens" title="Star Wars: The Force Awakens">Star Wars: The Force Awakens</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rogue_One" title="Rogue One">Rogue One: A Star Wars Story</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blade_Runner_2049" title="Blade Runner 2049">Blade Runner 2049</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ready_Player_One_(film)" title="Ready Player One (film)">Ready Player One</a> (2018/19)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Star_Wars:_The_Rise_of_Skywalker" title="Star Wars: The Rise of Skywalker">Star Wars: The Rise of Skywalker</a> (2019/20)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nope_(film)" title="Nope (film)">Nope</a> (2021/22)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avatar:_The_Way_of_Water" title="Avatar: The Way of Water">Avatar: The Way of Water</a> (2022/23)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dune:_Part_Two" title="Dune: Part Two">Dune: Part Two</a> (2023/24)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Seiun_Award_for_Best_Dramatic_Presentation110" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background: #CFB53B"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Seiun_Award_-_Best_Media" title="Template:Seiun Award - Best Media"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Seiun_Award_-_Best_Media" title="Template talk:Seiun Award - Best Media"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Seiun_Award_-_Best_Media" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Seiun Award - Best Media"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Seiun_Award_for_Best_Dramatic_Presentation110" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Seiun_Award#Best_Dramatic_Presentation" title="Seiun Award">Seiun Award for Best Dramatic Presentation</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #CFB53B;width:1%">1970–2000</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charly_(1968_film)" title="Charly (1968 film)">Charly</a> / <a href="/wiki/The_Prisoner" title="The Prisoner">The Prisoner</a> (1970)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/UFO_(British_TV_series)" title="UFO (British TV series)">UFO</a> (1971)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Andromeda_Strain_(film)" title="The Andromeda Strain (film)">The Andromeda Strain</a> (1972)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_Clockwork_Orange_(film)" title="A Clockwork Orange (film)">A Clockwork Orange</a> (1973)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soylent_Green" title="Soylent Green">Soylent Green</a> (1974)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_Battleship_Yamato" title="Space Battleship Yamato">Space Battleship Yamato</a> (1975)</li> <li>Star (1976)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solaris_(1972_film)" title="Solaris (1972 film)">Solaris</a> (1978)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Star_Wars_(film)" title="Star Wars (film)">Star Wars</a> (1979)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alien_(film)" title="Alien (film)">Alien</a> (1980)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Empire_Strikes_Back" title="The Empire Strikes Back">The Empire Strikes Back</a> (1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blade_Runner" title="Blade Runner">Blade Runner</a> (1983)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Dark_Crystal" title="The Dark Crystal">The Dark Crystal</a> (1984)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nausica%C3%A4_of_the_Valley_of_the_Wind_(film)" title="Nausicaä of the Valley of the Wind (film)">Nausicaä of the Valley of the Wind</a> (1985)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Back_to_the_Future" title="Back to the Future">Back to the Future</a> (1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazil_(1985_film)" title="Brazil (1985 film)">Brazil</a> (1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Space_Force:_The_Wings_of_Honn%C3%AAamise" title="Royal Space Force: The Wings of Honnêamise">Royal Space Force: The Wings of Honnêamise</a> (1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/My_Neighbor_Totoro" title="My Neighbor Totoro">My Neighbor Totoro</a> (1989)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gunbuster" title="Gunbuster">Gunbuster</a> (1990)</li> <li>Ginga Uchū Odyssey (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terminator_2:_Judgment_Day" title="Terminator 2: Judgment Day">Terminator 2: Judgment Day</a> (1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mama_wa_Sh%C5%8Dgaku_4_Nensei" title="Mama wa Shōgaku 4 Nensei">Mama wa Shōgaku 4 Nensei</a> (1993)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Jurassic Park</a> (1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zeiram" title="Zeiram">Zeiram 2</a> (1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gamera:_Guardian_of_the_Universe" title="Gamera: Guardian of the Universe">Gamera: Guardian of the Universe</a> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gamera_2:_Attack_of_Legion" title="Gamera 2: Attack of Legion">Gamera 2: Attack of Legion</a> (1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ultraman_Tiga" title="Ultraman Tiga">Ultraman Tiga</a> (1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martian_Successor_Nadesico:_The_Motion_Picture_%E2%80%93_Prince_of_Darkness" title="Martian Successor Nadesico: The Motion Picture – Prince of Darkness">Martian Successor Nadesico: The Motion Picture – Prince of Darkness</a> (1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cowboy_Bebop" title="Cowboy Bebop">Cowboy Bebop</a> (2000)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #CFB53B;width:1%">2001–present</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gunparade_March" title="Gunparade March">Gunparade March</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamen_Rider_Kuuga" title="Kamen Rider Kuuga">Kamen Rider Kuuga</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voices_of_a_Distant_Star" title="Voices of a Distant Star">Voices of a Distant Star</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings:_The_Two_Towers" title="The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers">The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Planetes" title="Planetes">Planetes</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tokusou_Sentai_Dekaranger" title="Tokusou Sentai Dekaranger">Tokusou Sentai Dekaranger</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Girl_Who_Leapt_Through_Time_(2006_film)" title="The Girl Who Leapt Through Time (2006 film)">The Girl Who Leapt Through Time</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Den-noh_Coil" title="Den-noh Coil">Dennō Coil</a> (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macross_Frontier" title="Macross Frontier">Macross Frontier</a> (2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Summer_Wars" title="Summer Wars">Summer Wars</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/District_9" title="District 9">District 9</a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puella_Magi_Madoka_Magica" title="Puella Magi Madoka Magica">Puella Magi Madoka Magica</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bodacious_Space_Pirates" title="Bodacious Space Pirates">Bodacious Space Pirates</a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacific_Rim_(film)" title="Pacific Rim (film)">Pacific Rim</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_Battleship_Yamato_2199:_Odyssey_of_the_Celestial_Ark" title="Space Battleship Yamato 2199: Odyssey of the Celestial Ark">Space Battleship Yamato 2199: Odyssey of the Celestial Ark</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Girls_und_Panzer_der_Film" title="Girls und Panzer der Film">Girls und Panzer der Film</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shin_Godzilla" title="Shin Godzilla">Shin Godzilla</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kemono_Friends" title="Kemono Friends">Kemono Friends</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/SSSS.Gridman" title="SSSS.Gridman">SSSS.Gridman</a> (2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astra_Lost_in_Space" title="Astra Lost in Space">Astra Lost in Space</a> (2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ultraman_Z" title="Ultraman Z">Ultraman Z</a> (2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Godzilla_Singular_Point" title="Godzilla Singular Point">Godzilla Singular Point</a> (2022)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shin_Ultraman" title="Shin Ultraman">Shin Ultraman</a> (2023)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Godzilla_Minus_One" title="Godzilla Minus One">Godzilla Minus One</a> (2024)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Yearly_highest-grossing_films_in_the_United_States264" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Yearly_highest-grossing_US_films" title="Template:Yearly highest-grossing US films"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Yearly_highest-grossing_US_films" title="Template talk:Yearly highest-grossing US films"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Yearly_highest-grossing_US_films" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Yearly highest-grossing US films"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Yearly_highest-grossing_films_in_the_United_States264" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_highest-grossing_films_in_the_United_States_by_year" title="List of highest-grossing films in the United States by year">Yearly highest-grossing films in the United States</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>Films listed as number-one by in-year release</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1970s–1980s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Star_Wars_(film)" title="Star Wars (film)">Star Wars</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_1977_box_office_number-one_films_in_the_United_States" title="List of 1977 box office number-one films in the United States">1977</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grease_(film)" title="Grease (film)">Grease</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_1978_box_office_number-one_films_in_the_United_States" title="List of 1978 box office number-one films in the United States">1978</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kramer_vs._Kramer" title="Kramer vs. Kramer">Kramer vs. Kramer</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_1979_box_office_number-one_films_in_the_United_States" title="List of 1979 box office number-one films in the United States">1979</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Empire_Strikes_Back" title="The Empire Strikes Back">The Empire Strikes Back</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_1980_box_office_number-one_films_in_the_United_States" title="List of 1980 box office number-one films in the United States">1980</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raiders_of_the_Lost_Ark" title="Raiders of the Lost Ark">Raiders of the Lost Ark</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_1981_box_office_number-one_films_in_the_United_States" title="List of 1981 box office number-one films in the United States">1981</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/E.T._the_Extra-Terrestrial" title="E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial">E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_1982_box_office_number-one_films_in_the_United_States" title="List of 1982 box office number-one films in the United States">1982</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Return_of_the_Jedi" title="Return of the Jedi">Return of the Jedi</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_1983_box_office_number-one_films_in_the_United_States" title="List of 1983 box office number-one films in the United States">1983</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beverly_Hills_Cop" title="Beverly Hills Cop">Beverly Hills Cop</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_1984_box_office_number-one_films_in_the_United_States" title="List of 1984 box office number-one films in the United States">1984</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Back_to_the_Future" title="Back to the Future">Back to the Future</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_1985_box_office_number-one_films_in_the_United_States" title="List of 1985 box office number-one films in the United States">1985</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Top_Gun" title="Top Gun">Top Gun</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_1986_box_office_number-one_films_in_the_United_States" title="List of 1986 box office number-one films in the United States">1986</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Three_Men_and_a_Baby" title="Three Men and a Baby">Three Men and a Baby</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_1987_box_office_number-one_films_in_the_United_States" title="List of 1987 box office number-one films in the United States">1987</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rain_Man" title="Rain Man">Rain Man</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_1988_box_office_number-one_films_in_the_United_States" title="List of 1988 box office number-one films in the United States">1988</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batman_(1989_film)" title="Batman (1989 film)">Batman</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_1989_box_office_number-one_films_in_the_United_States" title="List of 1989 box office number-one films in the United States">1989</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1990s−2000s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Home_Alone" title="Home Alone">Home Alone</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_1990_box_office_number-one_films_in_the_United_States" title="List of 1990 box office number-one films in the United States">1990</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terminator_2:_Judgment_Day" title="Terminator 2: Judgment Day">Terminator 2: Judgment Day</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_1991_box_office_number-one_films_in_the_United_States" title="List of 1991 box office number-one films in the United States">1991</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aladdin_(1992_Disney_film)" title="Aladdin (1992 Disney film)">Aladdin</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_1992_box_office_number-one_films_in_the_United_States" title="List of 1992 box office number-one films in the United States">1992</a>)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Jurassic Park</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_1993_box_office_number-one_films_in_the_United_States" title="List of 1993 box office number-one films in the United States">1993</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forrest_Gump" title="Forrest Gump">Forrest Gump</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_1994_box_office_number-one_films_in_the_United_States" title="List of 1994 box office number-one films in the United States">1994</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toy_Story" title="Toy Story">Toy Story</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_1995_box_office_number-one_films_in_the_United_States" title="List of 1995 box office number-one films in the United States">1995</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independence_Day_(1996_film)" title="Independence Day (1996 film)">Independence Day</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_1996_box_office_number-one_films_in_the_United_States" title="List of 1996 box office number-one films in the United States">1996</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Titanic_(1997_film)" title="Titanic (1997 film)">Titanic</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_1997_box_office_number-one_films_in_the_United_States" title="List of 1997 box office number-one films in the United States">1997</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saving_Private_Ryan" title="Saving Private Ryan">Saving Private Ryan</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_1998_box_office_number-one_films_in_the_United_States" title="List of 1998 box office number-one films in the United States">1998</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Star_Wars:_Episode_I_%E2%80%93_The_Phantom_Menace" title="Star Wars: Episode I – The Phantom Menace">Star Wars: Episode I – The Phantom Menace</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_1999_box_office_number-one_films_in_the_United_States" title="List of 1999 box office number-one films in the United States">1999</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/How_the_Grinch_Stole_Christmas_(2000_film)" title="How the Grinch Stole Christmas (2000 film)">How the Grinch Stole Christmas</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_2000_box_office_number-one_films_in_the_United_States" title="List of 2000 box office number-one films in the United States">2000</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_Potter_and_the_Philosopher%27s_Stone_(film)" title="Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone (film)">Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_2001_box_office_number-one_films_in_the_United_States" title="List of 2001 box office number-one films in the United States">2001</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spider-Man_(2002_film)" title="Spider-Man (2002 film)">Spider-Man</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_2002_box_office_number-one_films_in_the_United_States" title="List of 2002 box office number-one films in the United States">2002</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings:_The_Return_of_the_King" title="The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King">The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_2003_box_office_number-one_films_in_the_United_States" title="List of 2003 box office number-one films in the United States">2003</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shrek_2" title="Shrek 2">Shrek 2</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_2004_box_office_number-one_films_in_the_United_States" title="List of 2004 box office number-one films in the United States">2004</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Star_Wars:_Episode_III_%E2%80%93_Revenge_of_the_Sith" title="Star Wars: Episode III – Revenge of the Sith">Star Wars: Episode III – Revenge of the Sith</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_2005_box_office_number-one_films_in_the_United_States" title="List of 2005 box office number-one films in the United States">2005</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pirates_of_the_Caribbean:_Dead_Man%27s_Chest" title="Pirates of the Caribbean: Dead Man's Chest">Pirates of the Caribbean: Dead Man's Chest</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_2006_box_office_number-one_films_in_the_United_States" title="List of 2006 box office number-one films in the United States">2006</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spider-Man_3" title="Spider-Man 3">Spider-Man 3</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_2007_box_office_number-one_films_in_the_United_States" title="List of 2007 box office number-one films in the United States">2007</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Dark_Knight" title="The Dark Knight">The Dark Knight</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_2008_box_office_number-one_films_in_the_United_States" title="List of 2008 box office number-one films in the United States">2008</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avatar_(2009_film)" title="Avatar (2009 film)">Avatar</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_2009_box_office_number-one_films_in_the_United_States" title="List of 2009 box office number-one films in the United States">2009</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2010s−2020s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Toy_Story_3" title="Toy Story 3">Toy Story 3</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_2010_box_office_number-one_films_in_the_United_States" title="List of 2010 box office number-one films in the United States">2010</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_Potter_and_the_Deathly_Hallows_%E2%80%93_Part_2" title="Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 2">Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 2</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_2011_box_office_number-one_films_in_the_United_States" title="List of 2011 box office number-one films in the United States">2011</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Avengers_(2012_film)" title="The Avengers (2012 film)">The Avengers</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_2012_box_office_number-one_films_in_the_United_States" title="List of 2012 box office number-one films in the United States">2012</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Hunger_Games:_Catching_Fire" title="The Hunger Games: Catching Fire">The Hunger Games: Catching Fire</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_2013_box_office_number-one_films_in_the_United_States" title="List of 2013 box office number-one films in the United States">2013</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Sniper" title="American Sniper">American Sniper</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_2014_box_office_number-one_films_in_the_United_States" title="List of 2014 box office number-one films in the United States">2014</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Star_Wars:_The_Force_Awakens" title="Star Wars: The Force Awakens">Star Wars: The Force Awakens</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_2015_box_office_number-one_films_in_the_United_States" title="List of 2015 box office number-one films in the United States">2015</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rogue_One" title="Rogue One">Rogue One</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_2016_box_office_number-one_films_in_the_United_States" title="List of 2016 box office number-one films in the United States">2016</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Star_Wars:_The_Last_Jedi" title="Star Wars: The Last Jedi">Star Wars: The Last Jedi</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_2017_box_office_number-one_films_in_the_United_States" title="List of 2017 box office number-one films in the United States">2017</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Panther_(film)" title="Black Panther (film)">Black Panther</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_2018_box_office_number-one_films_in_the_United_States" title="List of 2018 box office number-one films in the United States">2018</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avengers:_Endgame" title="Avengers: Endgame">Avengers: Endgame</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_2019_box_office_number-one_films_in_the_United_States" title="List of 2019 box office number-one films in the United States">2019</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bad_Boys_for_Life" title="Bad Boys for Life">Bad Boys for Life</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_2020_box_office_number-one_films_in_the_United_States" title="List of 2020 box office number-one films in the United States">2020</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spider-Man:_No_Way_Home" title="Spider-Man: No Way Home">Spider-Man: No Way Home</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_2021_box_office_number-one_films_in_the_United_States" title="List of 2021 box office number-one films in the United States">2021</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Top_Gun:_Maverick" title="Top Gun: Maverick">Top Gun: Maverick</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_2022_box_office_number-one_films_in_the_United_States" title="List of 2022 box office number-one films in the United States">2022</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbie_(film)" title="Barbie (film)">Barbie</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_2023_box_office_number-one_films_in_the_United_States" title="List of 2023 box office number-one films in the United States">2023</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inside_Out_2" title="Inside Out 2">Inside Out 2</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_2024_box_office_number-one_films_in_the_United_States" title="List of 2024 box office number-one films in the United States">2024</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/List_of_highest-grossing_films_in_the_United_States_and_Canada" title="List of highest-grossing films in the United States and Canada">List of highest-grossing films in the United States and Canada</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 2em;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output 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decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e7/Video-x-generic.svg/29px-Video-x-generic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e7/Video-x-generic.svg/38px-Video-x-generic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Film" title="Portal:Film">Film</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/21px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/32px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/42px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:United_States" title="Portal:United States">United 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class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q167726#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata1446" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q167726#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" 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href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4326023-8">Germany</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n93018269">United States</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb166230156">France</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb166230156">BnF data</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX3662342">Spain</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/3091922">Norway</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810612229905606">Poland</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007289706005171">Israel</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cantic.bnc.cat/registre/981058515781506706">Catalonia</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/178173703">IdRef</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jurassic_Park_(film)&oldid=1276124543">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jurassic_Park_(film)&oldid=1276124543</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" 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</div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.canary-55fd9d4764-twbr5","wgBackendResponseTime":201,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"2.996","walltime":"3.246","ppvisitednodes":{"value":27724,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":1130296,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":292292,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":24,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":25,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":1222707,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 2667.689 1 -total"," 48.75% 1300.602 1 Template:Reflist"," 21.82% 582.206 150 Template:Cite_web"," 16.72% 446.150 159 Template:Sfn"," 8.02% 213.840 55 Template:Cite_news"," 7.28% 194.201 51 Template:Cite_magazine"," 5.47% 145.957 17 Template:Navbox"," 5.43% 144.865 2 Template:Navboxes"," 3.49% 93.137 1 Template:IMDb_title"," 3.37% 89.925 1 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[\"CITEREFBui2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBusch2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFButler2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCaron2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFChase2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFChieffi2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFChitwood,_Adam2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFChitwood2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFChitwood2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFClark2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFClark2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFClements2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCorliss,_Richard1993\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCorliss1993\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCox,_Dan1994\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCrichton1991\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFD\u0026#039;Alessandro2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFD\u0026#039;Alessandro2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDeckelmeier2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDekneef2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDuncan1997\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEakin2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEbert1993\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEffronGowen2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEpstein2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFailes2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFalcone2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFox,_David_J.1994\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFox1993\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFreer,_Ian2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFrench\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFrost,_Caroline2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFG._S._Paul2002\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGoldberg2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGoldsteinFitzpatrick1994\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGoodwin1993\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGould,_Stephen1993\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGrossman2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGroves1993\"] = 12,\n [\"CITEREFGrovesWan1993\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGrubbs2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGuerrasio2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGuzman,_Rafer2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHammer1990\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHammond2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHan,_Angie2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHarris2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHearn2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHermanCrichtonKoepp1993\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHettrick,_Scott2000\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFHorowitz,_Josh2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHuff1995\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFIGN_DVD2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJackson2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJaffe,_Eric2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJao2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJones,_James_Earl_(Host)1995\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFKaufman2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKelly2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKilday1994\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKlady1993\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFKlady1998\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKlein1995\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKnegt,_Peter2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKnep,_BrianHayes,_CraigSayre,_RickWilliams,_Tom1995\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKutner2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLapin-Bertone2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLawler,_Richard2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLeasca2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLoria,_Daniel2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLund2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMacManus2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMacnab2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMaslin1993\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMcBride1997\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMcBride2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMcClintock2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMcGilligan,_Patrick2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMcKay1997\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMeikleham,_Dave2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMink1995\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMoon,_Tom1994\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMorris2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMottram2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMusante1997\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNelson,_Ray1996\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNemiroff2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPeterson,_JohnWilliams,_SteveLetteri,_Joe1994\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFReiher2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFReyes2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFReyes2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRodgers2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRosen2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRyfle1998\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSasaguay2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSauter,_Michael1993\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSchneider1998\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSchneider2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSchuldt1995\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSciretta2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFScobelGilchrist2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFScotch_Marmo1992\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFScott1997\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFScott2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFScott2025\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFScoutfield,_Aled2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFShay_\u0026amp;_Duncan1993\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFShone2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSibley2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSiegel,_Robert2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSimon_BraundGlen_FerrisIan_FreerNev_Pierce\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSkipper2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFStackStaskiewicz2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSubers2013\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFTaylor2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFThomas1994\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTravers1993\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTsutsumi2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFUdel,_James_C.2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFVries1993\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWasko,_Janet1995\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWatson2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWeinraub1993\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWeiss2023\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFWestbrook1993\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWhite,_James2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWhite2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFde_Semlyen2013\"] = 1,\n [\"Critical_reception\"] = 1,\n [\"Critics\"] = 1,\n}\ntemplate_list = table#1 {\n [\"!\"] = 6,\n [\"'\"] = 6,\n [\"AFI film\"] = 1,\n [\"About\"] = 1,\n [\"Academy Award Best Sound Editing\"] = 1,\n [\"Academy Award Best Visual Effects\"] = 1,\n [\"Anchor\"] = 2,\n [\"As of\"] = 1,\n [\"Authority control\"] = 1,\n [\"BAFTA Award for Best Special Visual Effects\"] = 1,\n [\"Based on\"] = 1,\n [\"Blue Ribbon Award for Best Foreign Film\"] = 1,\n [\"Cbignore\"] = 2,\n [\"Citation\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite AV media\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite book\"] = 18,\n [\"Cite journal\"] = 2,\n [\"Cite magazine\"] = 51,\n [\"Cite news\"] = 55,\n [\"Cite press release\"] = 3,\n [\"Cite video\"] = 4,\n [\"Cite web\"] = 150,\n [\"Commons category\"] = 1,\n [\"Convert\"] = 9,\n [\"DEFAULTSORT:Jurassic Park 1\"] = 1,\n [\"David Koepp\"] = 1,\n [\"Dead link\"] = 2,\n [\"Film date\"] = 1,\n [\"Further\"] = 1,\n [\"Good article\"] = 1,\n [\"Hugo Award for Best Dramatic Presentation 1981–2002\"] = 1,\n [\"IMDb title\"] = 1,\n [\"Infobox film\"] = 1,\n [\"Japan Academy Film Prize for Outstanding Foreign Language Film\"] = 1,\n [\"Jurassic Park\"] = 1,\n [\"Jurassic Park games\"] = 1,\n [\"Main\"] = 2,\n [\"Michael Crichton\"] = 1,\n [\"Mojo title\"] = 1,\n [\"Multiple image\"] = 2,\n [\"Navboxes\"] = 2,\n [\"Nbsp\"] = 4,\n [\"Nickelodeon Kids' Choice Award for Favorite Movie\"] = 1,\n [\"Nom\"] = 14,\n [\"Open access\"] = 4,\n [\"Plain list\"] = 3,\n [\"Portal bar\"] = 1,\n [\"Redirect\"] = 1,\n [\"Refbegin\"] = 1,\n [\"Refend\"] = 1,\n [\"Reflist\"] = 1,\n [\"Rotten Tomatoes\"] = 1,\n [\"Saturn Award for Best Science Fiction Film 1991–2010\"] = 1,\n [\"Seealso\"] = 2,\n [\"Seiun Award - Best Media\"] = 1,\n [\"Sfn\"] = 159,\n [\"SfnRef\"] = 1,\n [\"Short description\"] = 1,\n [\"Steven Spielberg\"] = 1,\n [\"TCMDb title\"] = 1,\n [\"Use American English\"] = 1,\n [\"Use mdy dates\"] = 1,\n [\"Webarchive\"] = 2,\n [\"Wikiquote\"] = 1,\n [\"Won\"] = 20,\n [\"Yearly highest-grossing US films\"] = 1,\n}\narticle_whitelist = table#1 {\n}\nciteref_patterns = table#1 {\n}\n","limitreport-profile":[["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::callParserFunction","300","15.8"],["?","200","10.5"],["recursiveClone 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