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class="sf-depth-1 sf-no-children"><a href="/en/recruitment" class="sf-depth-1">Recruitment</a></li> </ul> </section> </div> </header> <div class="container highlighted"> <div class="region region-highlighted"> <div data-drupal-messages-fallback class="hidden"></div> </div> </div> <div role="main" class="main-container container js-quickedit-main-content"> <div class="row"> <section class="col-sm-9"> <a id="main-content"></a> <div class="region region-content"> <h1 class="page-header"> <span property="schema:name">Judges</span> </h1> <div data-history-node-id="8698" class="row bs-1col-stacked node node--type-page node--view-mode-full"> <div class="col-sm-12 bs-region bs-region--main"> <div property="schema:text" class="field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field--item"><p>The Mechanism has a roster of 25 independent Judges who serve both branches of the Mechanism as provided for in the <a href="/sites/default/files/documents/101222_sc_res1966_statute_en.pdf">Statute</a>.</p> <h4>Election, qualifications, and reappointment</h4> <p>The Judges are elected by the United Nations General Assembly for a term of four years and are eligible for reappointment by the United Nations Secretary‑General after consultations with the Presidents of the Security Council and of the General Assembly.</p> <p>The Statute of the Mechanism sets out that “the [J]udges shall be persons of high moral character, impartiality and integrity who possess the qualifications required in their respective countries for appointment to the highest judicial offices”. Particular account is taken of candidates’ experience as Judges of the ICTR or the ICTY. Not more than two of the Judges on the roster may be nationals of the same State.</p> <p>On 20 December 2011, the General Assembly elected the first 25 Judges from a longer list of candidates submitted by the Security Council and following nominations from Member States of the United Nations. The current 25 Judges of the Mechanism were reappointed for a two-year term of office commencing on 1 July 2022.</p> <p>View the latest <a href="/about/judges/order-of-precedence">Order of precedence</a> in accordance with Rule 22 of the <a href="/en/documents/rules-procedure-and-evidence">Rules of Procedure and Evidence</a>.</p> <h4>Work and remuneration</h4> <p>For every trial and case of possible referral to a national jurisdiction within the jurisdiction of the Mechanism, except for cases of contempt and false testimony, the President will appoint three Judges from the roster to compose a Trial Chamber. In all other circumstances, the President will appoint a Single Judge from the roster to consider matters at first instance. The President will appoint a bench composed of five Judges to hear an appeal against a decision at first instance by a Trial Chamber and a bench of three Judges to hear an appeal against a decision at first instance by a Single Judge.</p> <p>The Judges are present at the seats of the two branches of the Mechanism only when necessary and at the request of the President. In so far as possible, and as decided by the President, the Judges will carry out their functions remotely.</p> <p>The Judges will not receive any remuneration or benefits for being on the roster. They receive remuneration for each day on which they exercise their functions for the Mechanism, following their assignment by the President.</p> <p>On 9 April 2018, the Judges of the Mechanism adopted a revision to the <a href="/sites/default/files/documents/180409-judges-code-of-conduct-mict-14.pdf">Code of Professional Conduct for the Judges of the Mechanism (MICT/14/Rev.1)</a>, originally adopted on 11 May 2015. This Code of Professional Conduct sets out core judicial principles related to independence, integrity, confidentiality, and outside activities as well as a complaints procedure.</p> <p>The Judges of the Mechanism are supported in the execution of their judicial work by a small team of dedicated <a href="/en/about/organization/chambers">Chambers</a> staff.</p> <hr /></div> </div> </div> <section class="views-element-container row block block-views block-views-blockcurrent-judges-block-1 clearfix" id="block-views-block-current-judges-block-1"> <div class="form-group"><div class="view view-current-judges view-id-current_judges view-display-id-block_1 js-view-dom-id-52cd504c1b53917e316d5e77b8fc0f0e2d13fb2ecfd082e388e798294d80499f"> <div class="view-header"> <h3 id="current-judges">Current Judges of the Mechanism</h3> </div> <div class="view-content"> <div class="views-view-grid horizontal cols-3 clearfix"> <div class="views-row clearfix row-1"> <div class="views-col col-1" style="width: 33.333333333333%;"><span class="views-field views-field-title"><h5 class="field-content"><a href="/en/about/judges/judge-graciela-s-gatti-santana" hreflang="en">Judge Graciela Gatti Santana, President</a></h5></span><p class="views-field views-field-field-country-flag"><span class="field-content"><img alt="Country flag" src="/sites/default/files/graphics/un_flags/uruguay.gif" /> Uruguay <br /></span></p></div> <div class="views-col col-2" style="width: 33.333333333333%;"><span class="views-field views-field-title"><h5 class="field-content"><a href="/en/about/judges/judge-jean-claude-antonetti" hreflang="en">Judge Jean-Claude Antonetti</a></h5></span><p class="views-field views-field-field-country-flag"><span class="field-content"><img alt="Country flag" src="/sites/default/files/graphics/un_flags/france.gif" /> France <br /></span></p></div> <div class="views-col col-3" style="width: 33.333333333333%;"><span class="views-field views-field-title"><h5 class="field-content"><a href="/en/about/judges/judge-joseph-masanche" hreflang="en">Judge Joseph Masanche</a></h5></span><p class="views-field views-field-field-country-flag"><span class="field-content"><img alt="Country flag" src="/sites/default/files/graphics/un_flags/tanzania.gif" /> United Republic of Tanzania <br /></span></p></div> </div> <div class="views-row clearfix row-2"> <div class="views-col col-1" style="width: 33.333333333333%;"><span class="views-field views-field-title"><h5 class="field-content"><a href="/en/about/judges/judge-william-h-sekule" hreflang="en">Judge William H. Sekule</a></h5></span><p class="views-field views-field-field-country-flag"><span class="field-content"><img alt="Country flag" src="/sites/default/files/graphics/un_flags/tanzania.gif" /> United Republic of Tanzania <br /></span></p></div> <div class="views-col col-2" style="width: 33.333333333333%;"><span class="views-field views-field-title"><h5 class="field-content"><a href="/en/about/judges/judge-lee-g-muthoga" hreflang="en">Judge Lee G. Muthoga</a></h5></span><p class="views-field views-field-field-country-flag"><span class="field-content"><img alt="Country flag" src="/sites/default/files/graphics/un_flags/kenya.gif" /> Kenya <br /></span></p></div> <div class="views-col col-3" style="width: 33.333333333333%;"><span class="views-field views-field-title"><h5 class="field-content"><a href="/en/about/judges/judge-carmel-agius" hreflang="en">Judge Carmel Agius</a></h5></span><p class="views-field views-field-field-country-flag"><span class="field-content"><img alt="Country flag" src="/sites/default/files/graphics/un_flags/malta.gif" /> Malta <br /></span></p></div> </div> <div class="views-row clearfix row-3"> <div class="views-col col-1" style="width: 33.333333333333%;"><span class="views-field views-field-title"><h5 class="field-content"><a href="/en/about/judges/judge-alphons-mm-orie" hreflang="en">Judge Alphons M.M. Orie</a></h5></span><p class="views-field views-field-field-country-flag"><span class="field-content"><img alt="Country flag" src="/sites/default/files/graphics/un_flags/netherlands.gif" /> The Netherlands <br /></span></p></div> <div class="views-col col-2" style="width: 33.333333333333%;"><span class="views-field views-field-title"><h5 class="field-content"><a href="/en/about/judges/judge-burton-hall" hreflang="en">Judge Burton Hall</a></h5></span><p class="views-field views-field-field-country-flag"><span class="field-content"><img alt="Country flag" src="/sites/default/files/graphics/un_flags/bahamas.gif" /> The Bahamas <br /></span></p></div> <div class="views-col col-3" style="width: 33.333333333333%;"><span class="views-field views-field-title"><h5 class="field-content"><a href="/en/about/judges/judge-florence-rita-arrey" hreflang="en">Judge Florence Rita Arrey</a></h5></span><p class="views-field views-field-field-country-flag"><span class="field-content"><img alt="Country flag" src="/sites/default/files/graphics/un_flags/cameroon.gif" /> Cameroon <br /></span></p></div> </div> <div class="views-row clearfix row-4"> <div class="views-col col-1" style="width: 33.333333333333%;"><span class="views-field views-field-title"><h5 class="field-content"><a href="/en/about/judges/judge-vagn-joensen" hreflang="en">Judge Vagn Joensen </a></h5></span><p class="views-field views-field-field-country-flag"><span class="field-content"><img alt="Country flag" src="/sites/default/files/graphics/un_flags/denmark.gif" /> Denmark <br /></span></p></div> <div class="views-col col-2" style="width: 33.333333333333%;"><span class="views-field views-field-title"><h5 class="field-content"><a href="/en/about/judges/judge-liu-daqun" hreflang="en">Judge Liu Daqun</a></h5></span><p class="views-field views-field-field-country-flag"><span class="field-content"><img alt="Country flag" src="/sites/default/files/graphics/un_flags/china.gif" /> China <br /></span></p></div> <div class="views-col col-3" style="width: 33.333333333333%;"><span class="views-field views-field-title"><h5 class="field-content"><a href="/en/about/judges/judge-prisca-matimba-nyambe" hreflang="en">Judge Prisca Matimba Nyambe</a></h5></span><p class="views-field views-field-field-country-flag"><span class="field-content"><img alt="Country flag" src="/sites/default/files/graphics/un_flags/zambia.gif" /> Zambia <br /></span></p></div> </div> <div class="views-row clearfix row-5"> <div class="views-col col-1" style="width: 33.333333333333%;"><span class="views-field views-field-title"><h5 class="field-content"><a href="/en/about/judges/judge-aminatta-lois-runeni-ngum" hreflang="en">Judge Aminatta Lois Runeni N’gum</a></h5></span><p class="views-field views-field-field-country-flag"><span class="field-content"><img alt="Country flag" src="/sites/default/files/graphics/un_flags/gambia.gif" /> Gambia <br /></span></p></div> <div class="views-col col-2" style="width: 33.333333333333%;"><span class="views-field views-field-title"><h5 class="field-content"><a href="/en/about/judges/judge-seon-ki-park" hreflang="en">Judge Seon Ki Park</a></h5></span><p class="views-field views-field-field-country-flag"><span class="field-content"><img alt="Country flag" src="/sites/default/files/graphics/un_flags/south_korea.gif" /> South Korea <br /></span></p></div> <div class="views-col col-3" style="width: 33.333333333333%;"><span class="views-field views-field-title"><h5 class="field-content"><a href="/en/about/judges/judge-jose-r-de-prada-solaesa" hreflang="en">Judge José R. de Prada Solaesa</a></h5></span><p class="views-field views-field-field-country-flag"><span class="field-content"><img alt="Country flag" src="/sites/default/files/graphics/un_flags/spain.gif" /> Spain <br /></span></p></div> </div> <div class="views-row clearfix row-6"> <div class="views-col col-1" style="width: 33.333333333333%;"><span class="views-field views-field-title"><h5 class="field-content"><a href="/en/about/judges/judge-ivo-nelson-de-caires-batista-rosa" hreflang="en">Judge Ivo Nelson de Caires Batista Rosa</a></h5></span><p class="views-field views-field-field-country-flag"><span class="field-content"><img alt="Country flag" src="/sites/default/files/graphics/un_flags/portugal.gif" /> Portugal <br /></span></p></div> <div class="views-col col-2" style="width: 33.333333333333%;"><span class="views-field views-field-title"><h5 class="field-content"><a href="/en/about/judges/judge-seymour-panton" hreflang="en">Judge Seymour Panton</a></h5></span><p class="views-field views-field-field-country-flag"><span class="field-content"><img alt="Country flag" src="/sites/default/files/graphics/un_flags/jamaica.gif" /> Jamaica <br /></span></p></div> <div class="views-col col-3" style="width: 33.333333333333%;"><span class="views-field views-field-title"><h5 class="field-content"><a href="/en/about/judges/judge-yusuf-aksar" hreflang="en">Judge Yusuf Aksar</a></h5></span><p class="views-field views-field-field-country-flag"><span class="field-content"><img alt="Country flag" src="/sites/default/files/graphics/un_flags/turkey.gif" /> Türkiye <br /></span></p></div> </div> <div class="views-row clearfix row-7"> <div class="views-col col-1" style="width: 33.333333333333%;"><span class="views-field views-field-title"><h5 class="field-content"><a href="/en/about/judges/judge-mustapha-el-baaj" hreflang="en">Judge Mustapha El Baaj</a></h5></span><p class="views-field views-field-field-country-flag"><span class="field-content"><img alt="Country flag" src="/sites/default/files/graphics/un_flags/morocco.gif" /> Morocco <br /></span></p></div> <div class="views-col col-2" style="width: 33.333333333333%;"><span class="views-field views-field-title"><h5 class="field-content"><a href="/en/about/judges/judge-claudia-hoefer" hreflang="en">Judge Claudia Hoefer</a></h5></span><p class="views-field views-field-field-country-flag"><span class="field-content"><img alt="Country flag" src="/sites/default/files/graphics/un_flags/germany.gif" /> Germany <br /></span></p></div> <div class="views-col col-3" style="width: 33.333333333333%;"><span class="views-field views-field-title"><h5 class="field-content"><a href="/en/about/judges/judge-iain-bonomy" hreflang="en">Judge Iain Bonomy</a></h5></span><p class="views-field views-field-field-country-flag"><span class="field-content"><img alt="Country flag" src="/sites/default/files/graphics/un_flags/united_kingdom.gif" /> United Kingdom <br /></span></p></div> </div> <div class="views-row clearfix row-8"> <div class="views-col col-1" style="width: 33.333333333333%;"><span class="views-field views-field-title"><h5 class="field-content"><a href="/en/about/judges/judge-fatimata-sanou-toure" hreflang="en">Judge Fatimata Sanou Touré</a></h5></span><p class="views-field views-field-field-country-flag"><span class="field-content"><img alt="Country flag" src="/sites/default/files/graphics/un_flags/burkina_faso.gif" /> Burkina Faso <br /></span></p></div> <div class="views-col col-2" style="width: 33.333333333333%;"><span class="views-field views-field-title"><h5 class="field-content"><a href="/en/about/judges/judge-margaret-mcauliffe-deguzman" hreflang="en">Judge Margaret M. deGuzman</a></h5></span><p class="views-field views-field-field-country-flag"><span class="field-content"><img alt="Country flag" src="/sites/default/files/graphics/un_flags/usa.gif" /> United States of America <br /></span></p></div> <div class="views-col col-3" style="width: 33.333333333333%;"><span class="views-field views-field-title"><h5 class="field-content"><a href="/en/about/judges/judge-lydia-mugambe" hreflang="en">Judge Lydia Mugambe</a></h5></span><p class="views-field views-field-field-country-flag"><span class="field-content"><img alt="Country flag" src="/sites/default/files/graphics/un_flags/uganda.gif" /> Uganda <br /></span></p></div> </div> <div class="views-row clearfix row-9"> <div class="views-col col-1" style="width: 33.333333333333%;"><span class="views-field views-field-title"><h5 class="field-content"><a href="/en/about/judges/judge-rene-jose-andriatianarivelo" hreflang="en">Judge René José Andriatianarivelo</a></h5></span><p class="views-field views-field-field-country-flag"><span class="field-content"><img alt="Country flag" src="/sites/default/files/graphics/un_flags/madagascar.gif" /> Madagascar <br /></span></p></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> <section class="views-element-container row block block-views block-views-blockcurrent-judges-block-2 clearfix" id="block-views-block-current-judges-block-2"> <div class="form-group"><div class="view view-current-judges view-id-current_judges view-display-id-block_2 js-view-dom-id-54447753dd2d0543443f8576fdd3c30980815436f344291aec20fca8ec5d544c"> <div class="view-header"> <h3 id="former-judges">Former Judges of the Mechanism</h3> </div> <div class="view-content"> <div class="views-view-grid horizontal cols-3 clearfix"> <div class="views-row clearfix row-1"> <div class="views-col col-1" style="width: 33.333333333333%;"><span class="views-field views-field-title"><h5 class="field-content">Judge Mahandrisoa Edmond Randrianirina</h5></span><p class="views-field views-field-field-country-flag"><span class="field-content"><img alt="Country flag" src="/sites/default/files/graphics/un_flags/madagascar.gif" /> Madagascar <br /></span></p></div> <div class="views-col col-2" style="width: 33.333333333333%;"><span class="views-field views-field-title"><h5 class="field-content">Judge Patrick Lipton Robinson</h5></span><p class="views-field views-field-field-country-flag"><span class="field-content"><img alt="Country flag" src="/sites/default/files/graphics/un_flags/jamaica.gif" /> Jamaica <br /></span></p></div> <div class="views-col col-3" style="width: 33.333333333333%;"><span class="views-field views-field-title"><h5 class="field-content">Judge Bakone Justice Moloto</h5></span><p class="views-field views-field-field-country-flag"><span class="field-content"><img alt="Country flag" src="/sites/default/files/graphics/un_flags/south_africa.gif" /> South Africa <br /></span></p></div> </div> <div class="views-row clearfix row-2"> <div class="views-col col-1" style="width: 33.333333333333%;"><span class="views-field views-field-title"><h5 class="field-content">Judge Theodor Meron</h5></span><p class="views-field views-field-field-country-flag"><span class="field-content"><img alt="Country flag" src="/sites/default/files/graphics/un_flags/usa.gif" /> United States of America <br /></span></p></div> <div class="views-col col-2" style="width: 33.333333333333%;"><span class="views-field views-field-title"><h5 class="field-content">Judge Mparany Mamy Richard Rajohnson</h5></span><p class="views-field views-field-field-country-flag"><span class="field-content"><img alt="Country flag" src="/sites/default/files/graphics/un_flags/madagascar.gif" /> Madagascar <br /></span></p></div> <div class="views-col col-3" style="width: 33.333333333333%;"><span class="views-field views-field-title"><h5 class="field-content">Judge Dr. Aydin Sefa Akay</h5></span><p class="views-field views-field-field-country-flag"><span class="field-content"><img alt="Country flag" src="/sites/default/files/graphics/un_flags/turkey.gif" /> Türkiye <br /></span></p></div> </div> <div class="views-row clearfix row-3"> <div class="views-col col-1" style="width: 33.333333333333%;"><span class="views-field views-field-title"><h5 class="field-content">Judge Solomy Balungi Bossa</h5></span><p class="views-field views-field-field-country-flag"><span class="field-content"><img alt="Country flag" src="/sites/default/files/graphics/un_flags/uganda.gif" /> Uganda <br /></span></p></div> <div class="views-col col-2" style="width: 33.333333333333%;"><span class="views-field views-field-title"><h5 class="field-content">Judge Christoph Flügge</h5></span><p class="views-field views-field-field-country-flag"><span class="field-content"><img alt="Country flag" src="/sites/default/files/graphics/un_flags/germany.gif" /> Germany <br /></span></p></div> <div class="views-col col-3" style="width: 33.333333333333%;"><span class="views-field views-field-title"><h5 class="field-content">Judge Ben Emmerson</h5></span><p class="views-field views-field-field-country-flag"><span class="field-content"><img alt="Country flag" src="/sites/default/files/graphics/un_flags/united_kingdom.gif" /> United Kingdom <br /></span></p></div> </div> <div class="views-row clearfix row-4"> <div class="views-col col-1" style="width: 33.333333333333%;"><span class="views-field views-field-title"><h5 class="field-content">Judge Gberdao Gustave Kam</h5></span><p class="views-field views-field-field-country-flag"><span class="field-content"><img alt="Country flag" src="/sites/default/files/graphics/un_flags/burkina_faso.gif" /> Burkina Faso <br /></span></p></div> <div class="views-col col-2" style="width: 33.333333333333%;"><span class="views-field views-field-title"><h5 class="field-content">Judge Elizabeth Ibanda-Nahamya</h5></span><p class="views-field views-field-field-country-flag"><span class="field-content"><img alt="Country flag" src="/sites/default/files/graphics/un_flags/uganda.gif" /> Uganda <br /></span></p></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> </div> </section> <aside class="col-sm-3" role="complementary"> <div class="region region-sidebar-second"> <section id="block-judgespageside" class="block block-block-content block-block-content7f92ad62-d715-41b6-bb28-ec7a49bc58fc clearfix"> <div class="field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field--item"><h2 class="rightside-feature-title"><a href="/en/about/judges#current-judges">Current Judges</a></h2> <h2 class="rightside-feature-title"><a 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