CINXE.COM

Just a moment...

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '91342c58bf10406a',cH: 'y1570RbeUIT5ZyrS1skLoi4OL.nhqG1zex4xb8w6EQw-1739778487-1.2.1.1-VFBXd15hLDOZEM4JUWvTFIYgC6dDqi6LLRC5ca9X5zbO5tFdZ9JQMAKfe5GRf446',cUPMDTk: "\/abstracts\/search?q=sub-zero%20treatment&__cf_chl_tk=c2CCl0XHM6rwWNG1LXnx2qqkwIeZ8HjJGnGfSjsZo6k-1739778487-1.0.1.1-XM7XIwv1SdEfuGjfvCkzNy3kdAa.PEYkoyf1wHsUSEM",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1739778487',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/abstracts\/search?q=sub-zero%20treatment&__cf_chl_f_tk=c2CCl0XHM6rwWNG1LXnx2qqkwIeZ8HjJGnGfSjsZo6k-1739778487-1.0.1.1-XM7XIwv1SdEfuGjfvCkzNy3kdAa.PEYkoyf1wHsUSEM",md: "bnUoEJFlZk2w7ofY8c0msDHyUInd95MIrxpWij839vU-1739778487-1.2.1.1-jLuCUekegBbhQMGz64N3y9h.Q1U_Lo_9D3BQxkgxbqBY6gnNb2EY_CCdcmW.XC4sH7zue.78rKQZN2L2X2KTSSLug7ix_XrxkUM_lD0U_iuRyg1ROHjAT7BpZw54n34Ma78CK2om9leZBIf..IU1Ge.WGeLhrIEe45sAmEFMHfQbo24f.2M2aRfaAjV6OVsxKx.HBZ5Fu934DWK9EeQY0KmvzVSdHucxYLBZvzwLX1f3h4CTZCBXxeYFaQ4LMMaDscv8gP_KfN1TrUz4D8ScKGRnkE_X8zkDLKgUy9MgGSBkSB8mW9AAxD5uYGmIMoBDTwxYUQXJpbInsGJ1r0fVfIWmGuf4zPOK4sIi8YuKw0PUfX1JhCoOq_ldcZ3Oh8WTBRx9WeNClUjwStVmO9v2A4VhcKogWIjrz.mQB_9.303cox3Ivb0nBVZ2ajt3kV2ULzc.dvgdyLNsMh0vWEVc48aCZwGiEFSQyaiRjAi8sxQbyZP6q4JMBW1unXIXglO83gz.mgBswij0EvV5Xa.htRfSwCKxXuovP25Jr0wzvKsXDFco2HDUDsj0z3128aSqzQcrccexATx0l550vo6Yr_EHQrnRrFJzqINZUgcPiJ3gsuzRyx4n1GBN5pSoru5PxxVJLQ0ghK.LYx6dC2P.9agFT8slM0TVA9yWN5x0zPwUzfZsAyXeNZwrrAvX9dL15PybIPzaMX0fpOLTRYZoH_A7Tpuu0nhGObTfG36UaPTdkTETdICnt6jgKxSsqKYQZq8JCrdDaqPJ5rF_dRq4Uw7Vkk7mxt3Ut2lqoHyIUe5h5LVOkm4vQjHNDahXPSizEbDpOJflYlmkth9u60orUamnEaPV.mGo6FU5kw3eXLBsIcFLvVcWV7wEBRMqEsCjB3b3VjdKtlqV_emb7c75_mWyMNJzhuAqmaJXd3fWEZZk8dc3xbp1QJbami7kkaTTmiUmXeN.sNhfV9rLmTOpr4pTgBdnCDkZAxv.JqOIY4BUOfbj72o2WptoSJzLBr6eTbIbQf9FQozN3jnbK7TC4cARcZpLMCa9.Gzd5Nshw_PJtux8Ap0sSse8Mg0gpXGJnbzmMgMVrSMu5vkNpwaRypsAmSXihoSZQJLyjwgrxlzPy1ncs.AN9hT7BIF5swsrdnbK.0Dws8wk1MrmZwn8pFaxpwq1Ud22zmJrYThBP5knG9j30l7pWxP2dxDHrNkLnVVsJkRg_sotBcYf_Lydp13R75I1OeZH4bsThNGsL4LgnjdWpR1149olgtrpAAADVZ.Bi.hdiJGSK0QkuQMmGaGk7D9UNZeSw4P0jWO7_m49J9Vr3oIHk7ebbj.wLdO5YTpaSbi4qxFdQELc5JBxNXhBy5o2QMrub2K0hBEHkh7QqD0t30JDYAwHmmuqQ.V39FEGpWJUhPlhQZdONaaBCeCAva4vPhE8hmH8ebMaP2SR4dNl9r1EP6VC3BxXTcuMnHfL0R9Odi_CQa.c9LFxXmHtcSZkQSaQu4qeyIOKboGbWnbL8H3FbvROWYeNG4EgWQjDkJ5GxhyTvmu6sUQRen7pUYjPVqlmI9cOzNv_xUa5tbQUK_UWlswErjFMHqQVwz9EHrNo5uCiPAuW7qRqt5Gf91YZCjjTZQ2gYPuJw6DfVTLp1wlxGyVJbDaqpucQ_ln7atwAoONv5v0VV_SEF1q6fPfjBLb7Bo_QCklpTFXXbN7f6rfLDB3cryXI83DKR9pFDX4_mKBrSUat6nIfq9svPn2s7m88Zdr2rXZGJ4h.mat2E93LpTtPqUvaywTimV7UpQZw2ZmigtcBvOImRfMnSsDy.h3TdpL2UnZpfozFaxttA8JOtcU8GFUyZEysolv.Zut1jAm1k7sgSvuM.Ubxg6A6XwdLFhmIXrFOH1ceVzSI06S0WZqWaP9wCU3QHTEzwJPD5fCnh8tV6yy0U5w3XxUXHvHe5FTTO7n_Nso",mdrd: "qpSb55QximsAbMnhztshMz7f1e.q4xe1TgkoWAVfl48-1739778487-1.2.1.1-71jHcz9ag_nIgo25Pn1AbQaRXx3B6XPwEcjn3cv0Kt0LePxXRcsCPHK1y452aHFh9Zc6UpD7faI1h0Rb17FbELuRXQyNSBVu9QajdAsaLL5sqxwAZDLpP1YOkdYufjmAMYzs4uWx0GAeW19kM6ul.QYdqH5Lkzi2QVNE0P2.jd0WM_R8RI8N0HcrUkq3.I_XN8kNB1catBBCzCmz9CJNumu6MiaMzLPaQ6eUSa9ScTegJHEphgN.te8gGzcpfQIptPmXOXpnH_xQMIX_tYMP.9O8wK8JdH7MTcXhR38lM3M_yhjX1cgrU.HISVrr0qN736vSSAjeGZW8tGc3YPRed4DmkiyKIZDtpJDmedLnMuFn5DBHxKQhFJSm9Xf3tRUiomoqNWbuoYEmWhahBegTbJwi_KMfxmhX._S3L_PlSWw_5w_DyuzJAeRq8K6MmuGAlyuKKaP9LJCsqsybT_g5MFu9Sda0FwkJ_iflciZI.5vlI7h3CuM29689I2ZenPKoIexgx0PaJGOVKT9WKFsg216c4XAf0EV7e1R7EA6eK5JJ8LxR8MLEcR5GZKxMLd1JditjbdEx1TXr_BJ0s0ZxTV.ULXBqHQpKDE3Y.ShHhf3yNP75LJ3518749vun.CUPT9M.9XXSVB6Ry.MktL48fQ2efT3P83musygxI03A_TbD7T.TNHen3S7NWcBMiBUnQz43L8i5V_SNORhffDnwcUfWJKEvcSZUxjeS04tjdvEQki.LtNc17Jn4HasIkPq4.fyPU4djOvGJgWCV6r11QsGAzPeUfkslpzcOru2qlStL062mydWQ3F2Rd8uCkNJA_zlNFpvn12OBqnHiLrEXKCsTFAJIYqcqqHdFFIWr4SW2QNp..AAahXxjBb3.fgQM1Oj2TVQHZN1AUed8aTj7xNccNZEeG7fl7rU4vTNWSi0Dv08EHnZTyEqz1WHPMM_ueN4NcHFEHOEr28jQwo_ca08yT3WXhLRmcQWpHmCd7H4klS2pDGrjv7xIvRFaIIbQeWEFAbCWdtWkNou8ua9fK8LQa3Rg34zAo.wMK1b70RDiDNK9mnEsxEtxUx71A3U2qAuTHmjgS.qlUQ_wycdpuMghP11d.WD.KS3EtZ4_d4yvl1FRnitt4P_yZ3r3VB215ddbT9vPr_IApJUdyNkjLp9DQjNSvoUOaWdERy0lSwakaUtLifqyyQ5tteJBXpVwIjrTDqddxd_uVY8g7_NnkOUsjutjzOA.QLy54V6IO8ZsnacCPwYGgsRfVtlYMdK_S09Cbxr.5H3mqa0igZhwnNjHaxyKiHcssInE8yEZJCkpE_Erb4HbOXy.0Dl0wCGVon2wcAi4jisfhGFvS3yxDeN80M32cohszloDpsNCnRHbXRmzlhnz6sXo3YoCWnYEo4P2sAWtB1RArC3bgYPDdtdM1tgqMaIp09kq7.Vv4WnBGeSFZZKfIhrwBVedSfoVN7_7qTVfdU5I1jnVwnr6JWp2wS7qNzJwCqn2NeU5ha.fJk8j6Bp.OOjyHC6kGKYAnXD1vve3VdgT5v0WEBOe0oZnEk9n7db8iUAJhoEeRtXCnPhWHLMrSZN3atKd6L_ZnMcRwB95.k2344BBdkRc.rYlSSVT_UJsas6HwnSZ00TlZhZiGNv2nfojvpII2pqQx_VOLRZIBOHsyB.cesI7gU0Y3dhemmJ6ox8tQ1srulFZBLhk5LsvVLTNkoJrFVnBvkZwa6F88yuWRLL7l55zLpU25PtiY.vd326890ENY_6ra9aNk9VMkowe3M7eFswfVCaik7n7Kq4xnmqKltKuXjhMqkL4cF1BkNERXAXZHxju2395kbX03uohPJjEK0h20CNkfSz2ixUvyti6LQCi0dt2zXAnSe_Xxl83Il7m9qtn2_uOhD7ijBOxRz5X8Tml02fA5.ETavE9G2cRo6F9OxRpNDr9IQNswO80SCqxJSVwQzp7szk4ffkcNOe75v2F"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=91342c58bf10406a';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/abstracts\/search?q=sub-zero%20treatment&__cf_chl_rt_tk=c2CCl0XHM6rwWNG1LXnx2qqkwIeZ8HjJGnGfSjsZo6k-1739778487-1.0.1.1-XM7XIwv1SdEfuGjfvCkzNy3kdAa.PEYkoyf1wHsUSEM" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>