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No animal could stand against it, and none could rescue from its power. It did as it pleased and became great. <a href="/nlt/daniel/8.htm">New Living Translation</a> The ram butted everything out of his way to the west, to the north, and to the south, and no one could stand against him or help his victims. He did as he pleased and became very great. <a href="/esv/daniel/8.htm">English Standard Version</a> I saw the ram charging westward and northward and southward. No beast could stand before him, and there was no one who could rescue from his power. He did as he pleased and became great. <a href="/bsb/daniel/8.htm">Berean Standard Bible</a> I saw the ram charging toward the west and the north and the south. No animal could stand against him, and there was no deliverance from his power. He did as he pleased and became great. <a href="/kjv/daniel/8.htm">King James Bible</a> I saw the ram pushing westward, and northward, and southward; so that no beasts might stand before him, neither was there any that could deliver out of his hand; but he did according to his will, and became great. <a href="/nkjv/daniel/8.htm">New King James Version</a> I saw the ram pushing westward, northward, and southward, so that no animal could withstand him; nor was there any that could deliver from his hand, but he did according to his will and became great. <a href="/nasb_/daniel/8.htm">New American Standard Bible</a> I saw the ram butting westward, northward, and southward, and no other beasts could stand against him nor was there anyone to rescue from his power, but he did as he pleased and made himself great. <a href="/nasb/daniel/8.htm">NASB 1995</a> I saw the ram butting westward, northward, and southward, and no other beasts could stand before him nor was there anyone to rescue from his power, but he did as he pleased and magnified himself. <a href="/nasb77/daniel/8.htm">NASB 1977 </a> I saw the ram butting westward, northward, and southward, and no other beasts could stand before him, nor was there anyone to rescue from his power; but he did as he pleased and magnified himself. <a href="/lsb/daniel/8.htm">Legacy Standard Bible </a> I saw the ram butting westward, northward, and southward, and no other beasts could stand before it, nor was there anyone to deliver from its power, but it did as it pleased and magnified itself. <a href="/amp/daniel/8.htm">Amplified Bible</a> I saw the ram (Medo-Persia) charging westward and northward and southward; no beast could stand before him, nor was there anyone who could rescue [anything] from his power, but he did as he pleased and magnified himself. <a href="/csb/daniel/8.htm">Christian Standard Bible</a> I saw the ram charging to the west, the north, and the south. No animal could stand against him, and there was no rescue from his power. He did whatever he wanted and became great. <a href="/hcsb/daniel/8.htm">Holman Christian Standard Bible</a> I saw the ram charging to the west, the north, and the south. No animal could stand against him, and there was no rescue from his power. He did whatever he wanted and became great. <a href="/asv/daniel/8.htm">American Standard Version</a> I saw the ram pushing westward, and northward, and southward; and no beasts could stand before him, neither was there any that could deliver out of his hand; but he did according to his will, and magnified himself. <a href="/cev/daniel/8.htm">Contemporary English Version</a> The ram went charging toward the west, the north, and the south. No other animals were strong enough to oppose him, and nothing could save them from his power. So he did as he pleased and became even more powerful. <a href="/erv/daniel/8.htm">English Revised Version</a> I saw the ram pushing westward, and northward, and southward; and no beasts could stand before him, neither was there any that could deliver out of his hand; but he did according to his will, and magnified himself. <a href="/gwt/daniel/8.htm">GOD'S WORD® Translation</a> I saw the ram charging west, north, and south. No other animal could stand in front of it, and no one could escape from its power. It did anything it pleased and continued to grow. <a href="/gnt/daniel/8.htm">Good News Translation</a> I watched the ram butting with his horns to the west, the north, and the south. No animal could stop him or escape his power. He did as he pleased and grew arrogant. <a href="/isv/daniel/8.htm">International Standard Version</a> I watched the ram charging westward, northward, and southward. No animal could stand before him, nor was there anyone who could deliver from his control. He did as he pleased and exalted himself. <a href="/msb/daniel/8.htm">Majority Standard Bible</a> I saw the ram charging toward the west and the north and the south. No animal could stand against him, and there was no deliverance from his power. He did as he pleased and became great. <a href="/net/daniel/8.htm">NET Bible</a> I saw that the ram was butting westward, northward, and southward. No animal was able to stand before it, and there was none who could deliver from its power. It did as it pleased and acted arrogantly. <a href="/nheb/daniel/8.htm">New Heart English Bible</a> I saw the ram pushing westward, and northward, and southward; and no animals could stand before him, neither was there any who could deliver out of his hand. But he did according to his will, and became great. <a href="/wbt/daniel/8.htm">Webster's Bible Translation</a> I saw the ram pushing westward, and northward, and southward; so that no beasts might stand before him, neither was there any that could deliver out of his hand; but he did according to his will, and became great. <a href="/web/daniel/8.htm">World English Bible</a> I saw the ram pushing westward, northward, and southward. No animals could stand before him. There wasn’t any who could deliver out of his hand, but he did according to his will, and magnified himself. <div class="vheading2">Literal Translations</div><a href="/lsv/daniel/8.htm">Literal Standard Version</a> I have seen the ram pushing westward, and northward, and southward, and no living creatures stand before it, and there is none delivering out of its hand, and it has done according to its pleasure, and has exerted itself. <a href="/ylt/daniel/8.htm">Young's Literal Translation</a> I have seen the ram pushing westward, and northward, and southward, and no living creatures do stand before it, and there is none delivering out of its hand, and it hath done according to its pleasure, and hath exerted itself. <a href="/slt/daniel/8.htm">Smith's Literal Translation</a> And I saw the ram pushing the sea, and north and south; and all the beasts will not stand before him, and none delivering from his hand; and he did according to his will, and increased.<div class="vheading2">Catholic Translations</div><a href="/drb/daniel/8.htm">Douay-Rheims Bible</a> I saw the ram pushing with his horns against the west, and against the north, and against the south: and no beasts could withstand him, nor be delivered out of his hand: and he did according to his own will, and became great. <a href="/cpdv/daniel/8.htm">Catholic Public Domain Version</a> After this, I saw the ram brandishing his horns against the West, and against the North, and against the Meridian, and all the beasts could not withstand him, nor be freed from his hand, and he did according to his own will, and he became great. <a href="/nabre/daniel/8.htm">New American Bible</a> I saw the ram butting toward the west, north, and south. No beast could withstand it or be rescued from its power; it did what it pleased and grew powerful. <a href="/nrsvce/daniel/8.htm">New Revised Standard Version</a> I saw the ram charging westward and northward and southward. All beasts were powerless to withstand it, and no one could rescue from its power; it did as it pleased and became strong.<div class="vheading2">Translations from Aramaic</div><a href="/lamsa/daniel/8.htm">Lamsa Bible</a> I saw the ram pushing westward and northward and southward: and no beasts could stand before him, and there was none that could deliver out of his hands; but he did according to his will, and became great. <a href="/hpbt/daniel/8.htm">Peshitta Holy Bible Translated</a> And I saw the ram thrusting to the West and to the North and the South, and no animals stood before him, and there was not one which was saved from his hands, and he did what he pleased, and he was lifted up<div class="vheading2">OT Translations</div><a href="/jps/daniel/8.htm">JPS Tanakh 1917</a> I saw the ram pushing westward, and northward, and southward; and no beasts could stand before him, neither was there any that could deliver out of his hand; but he did according to his will, and magnified himself. <a href="/sep/daniel/8.htm">Brenton Septuagint Translation</a> And I saw the ram butting westward, and northward, and southward; and no beast could stand before him, and there was none that could deliver out of his hand; and he did according to his will, and became great. <a href="/parallel/daniel/8-4.htm">Additional Translations ...</a></div></div></div><div id="centbox"><div class="padcent"><a name="audio" id="audio"></a><div class="vheadingv">Audio Bible</div><iframe width="100%" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/shUZJK-vYxI?start=2853" title="YouTube video player" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share" allowfullscreen></iframe> <div class="vheadingv">Context</div><a href="/bsb/daniel/8.htm">Daniel's Vision of the Ram and the Goat</a> …3Then I lifted up my eyes and saw a ram with two horns standing beside the canal. The horns were long, but one was longer than the other, and the longer one grew up later. 4<a href="/hebrew/7200.htm" title="7200: rā·’î·ṯî (V-Qal-Perf-1cs) -- To see. A primitive root; to see, literally or figuratively.">I saw</a> <a href="/hebrew/853.htm" title="853: ’eṯ- (DirObjM) -- Apparent contracted from 'owth in the demonstrative sense of entity; properly, self."></a> <a href="/hebrew/352.htm" title="352: hā·’a·yil (Art:: N-ms) -- From the same as 'uwl; properly, strength; hence, anything strong; specifically a chief; also a ram; a pilaster; an oak or other strong tree.">the ram</a> <a href="/hebrew/5055.htm" title="5055: mə·nag·gê·aḥ (V-Piel-Prtcpl-ms) -- To push, thrust, gore. A primitive root; to but with the horns; figuratively, to war against.">charging</a> <a href="/hebrew/3220.htm" title="3220: yām·māh (N-ms:: 3fs) -- A sea or large body of water; specifically, the Mediterranean Sea; sometimes a large river.">toward the west</a> <a href="/hebrew/6828.htm" title="6828: wə·ṣā·p̄ō·w·nāh (Conj-w:: N-fs:: 3fs) -- North. Or tsaphon; from tsaphan; properly, hidden, i.e. Dark; used only of the north as a quarter.">and the north</a> <a href="/hebrew/5045.htm" title="5045: wā·neḡ·bāh (Conj-w:: N-ms:: 3fs) -- From an unused root meaning to be parched; the south; specifically, the Negeb or southern district of Judah, occasionally, Egypt.">and the south.</a> <a href="/hebrew/3605.htm" title="3605: wə·ḵāl (Conj-w:: N-msc) -- The whole, all. Or kowl; from kalal; properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every.">No</a> <a href="/hebrew/3808.htm" title="3808: lō- (Adv-NegPrt) -- Not. Or lowi; or loh; a primitive particle; not; by implication, no; often used with other particles."></a> <a href="/hebrew/2416.htm" title="2416: ḥay·yō·wṯ (N-fp) -- Alive, raw, fresh, strong, life. From chayah; alive; hence, raw; fresh, strong; also life, whether literally or figuratively.">animal</a> <a href="/hebrew/5975.htm" title="5975: ya·‘am·ḏū (V-Qal-Imperf-3mp) -- To take one's stand, stand. A primitive root; to stand, in various relations.">could stand</a> <a href="/hebrew/6440.htm" title="6440: lə·p̄ā·nāw (Prep-l:: N-cpc:: 3ms) -- Face, faces. Plural of an unused noun; the face; used in a great variety of applications; also as a preposition.">against him,</a> <a href="/hebrew/369.htm" title="369: wə·’ên (Conj-w:: Adv) -- As if from a primitive root meaning to be nothing or not exist; a non-entity; generally used as a negative particle.">and there was no</a> <a href="/hebrew/5337.htm" title="5337: maṣ·ṣîl (V-Hifil-Prtcpl-ms) -- To strip, plunder, deliver oneself, be delivered, snatch away, deliver. ">deliverance</a> <a href="/hebrew/3027.htm" title="3027: mî·yā·ḏōw (Prep-m:: N-fsc:: 3ms) -- Hand (indicating power, means, direction, etc.)">from his power.</a> <a href="/hebrew/6213.htm" title="6213: wə·‘ā·śāh (Conj-w:: V-Qal-ConjPerf-3ms) -- To do, make. A primitive root; to do or make, in the broadest sense and widest application.">He did</a> <a href="/hebrew/7522.htm" title="7522: ḵir·ṣō·nōw (Prep-k:: N-msc:: 3ms) -- Goodwill, favor, acceptance, will. Or ratson; from ratsah; delight.">as he pleased</a> <a href="/hebrew/1431.htm" title="1431: wə·hiḡ·dîl (Conj-w:: V-Hifil-ConjPerf-3ms) -- To grow up, become great. A primitive root; properly, to twist, i.e. To be large.">and became great.</a> 5As I was contemplating all this, suddenly a goat with a prominent horn between his eyes came out of the west, crossing the surface of the entire earth without touching the ground.…<div class="cred"><a href="//berean.bible">Berean Standard Bible</a> · <a href="//berean.bible/downloads.htm">Download</a></div> <a name="crossref" id="crossref"></a><div class="vheading">Cross References</div><div id="crf"><a href="/daniel/7-5.htm">Daniel 7:5</a> Suddenly another beast appeared, which looked like a bear. It was raised up on one of its sides, and it had three ribs in its mouth between its teeth. So it was told, ‘Get up and gorge yourself on flesh!’ <a href="/revelation/13-2.htm">Revelation 13:2</a> The beast I saw was like a leopard, with the feet of a bear and the mouth of a lion. And the dragon gave the beast his power and his throne and great authority. <a href="/revelation/17-12.htm">Revelation 17:12-13</a> The ten horns you saw are ten kings who have not yet received a kingdom, but will receive one hour of authority as kings along with the beast. / These kings have one purpose: to yield their power and authority to the beast. <a href="/revelation/6-2.htm">Revelation 6:2</a> So I looked and saw a white horse, and its rider held a bow. And he was given a crown, and he rode out to overcome and conquer. <a href="/zechariah/1-18.htm">Zechariah 1:18-21</a> Then I looked up and saw four horns. / So I asked the angel who was speaking with me, “What are these?” And he told me, “These are the horns that have scattered Judah, Israel, and Jerusalem.” / Then the LORD showed me four craftsmen. ... <a href="/jeremiah/50-9.htm">Jeremiah 50:9</a> For behold, I stir up and bring against Babylon an assembly of great nations from the land of the north. They will line up against her; from the north she will be captured. Their arrows will be like skilled warriors who do not return empty-handed. <a href="/jeremiah/51-11.htm">Jeremiah 51:11</a> Sharpen the arrows! Fill the quivers! The LORD has aroused the spirit of the kings of the Medes, because His plan is aimed at Babylon to destroy her, for it is the vengeance of the LORD—vengeance for His temple. <a href="/isaiah/41-2.htm">Isaiah 41:2</a> Who has aroused one from the east and called him to his feet in righteousness? He hands nations over to him and subdues kings before him. He turns them to dust with his sword, to windblown chaff with his bow. <a href="/isaiah/45-1.htm">Isaiah 45:1-3</a> This is what the LORD says to Cyrus His anointed, whose right hand I have grasped to subdue nations before him, to disarm kings, to open the doors before him, so that the gates will not be shut: / “I will go before you and level the mountains; I will break down the gates of bronze and cut through the bars of iron. / I will give you the treasures of darkness and the riches hidden in secret places, so that you may know that I am the LORD, the God of Israel, who calls you by name. <a href="/ezekiel/38-4.htm">Ezekiel 38:4</a> I will turn you around, put hooks in your jaws, and bring you out with all your army—your horses, your horsemen in full armor, and a great company armed with shields and bucklers, all brandishing their swords. <a href="/ezekiel/39-2.htm">Ezekiel 39:2</a> I will turn you around, drive you along, bring you up from the far north, and send you against the mountains of Israel. <a href="/habakkuk/1-6.htm">Habakkuk 1:6-11</a> For behold, I am raising up the Chaldeans—that ruthless and impetuous nation which marches through the breadth of the earth to seize dwellings not their own. / They are dreaded and feared; from themselves they derive justice and sovereignty. / Their horses are swifter than leopards, fiercer than wolves of the night. Their horsemen charge ahead, and their cavalry comes from afar. They fly like a vulture, swooping down to devour. ... <a href="/2_kings/24-7.htm">2 Kings 24:7</a> Now the king of Egypt did not march out of his land again, because the king of Babylon had taken all his territory, from the Brook of Egypt to the Euphrates River. <a href="/2_chronicles/36-6.htm">2 Chronicles 36:6-7</a> Then Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon came up against Jehoiakim and bound him with bronze shackles to take him to Babylon. / Nebuchadnezzar also took to Babylon some of the articles from the house of the LORD, and he put them in his temple in Babylon. <a href="/jeremiah/25-9.htm">Jeremiah 25:9</a> behold, I will summon all the families of the north, declares the LORD, and I will send for My servant Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon, whom I will bring against this land, against its residents, and against all the surrounding nations. So I will devote them to destruction and make them an object of horror and contempt, an everlasting desolation.</div> <a name="tsk" id="tsk"><div class="vheading">Treasury of Scripture</div>I saw the ram pushing westward, and northward, and southward; so that no beasts might stand before him, neither was there any that could deliver out of his hand; but he did according to his will, and became great.pushing.<a href="/daniel/5-30.htm">Daniel 5:30</a> In that night was Belshazzar the king of the Chaldeans slain.<a href="/daniel/7-5.htm">Daniel 7:5</a> And behold another beast, a second, like to a bear, and it raised up itself on one side, and it had three ribs in the mouth of it between the teeth of it: and they said thus unto it, Arise, devour much flesh.<a href="/daniel/11-2.htm">Daniel 11:2</a> And now will I shew thee the truth. Behold, there shall stand up yet three kings in Persia; and the fourth shall be far richer than they all: and by his strength through his riches he shall stir up all against the realm of Grecia.neither.<a href="/daniel/8-7.htm">Daniel 8:7</a> And I saw him come close unto the ram, and he was moved with choler against him, and smote the ram, and brake his two horns: and there was no power in the ram to stand before him, but he cast him down to the ground, and stamped upon him: and there was none that could deliver the ram out of his hand.<a href="/job/10-7.htm">Job 10:7</a> Thou knowest that I am not wicked; and there is none that can deliver out of thine hand.<a href="/psalms/7-2.htm">Psalm 7:2</a> Lest he tear my soul like a lion, rending it in pieces, while there is none to deliver.but.<a href="/daniel/5-19.htm">Daniel 5:19</a> And for the majesty that he gave him, all people, nations, and languages, trembled and feared before him: whom he would he slew; and whom he would he kept alive; and whom he would he set up; and whom he would he put down.<a href="/daniel/11-3.htm">Daniel 11:3,16,36</a> And a mighty king shall stand up, that shall rule with great dominion, and do according to his will… <a href="/isaiah/10-13.htm">Isaiah 10:13,14</a> For he saith, By the strength of my hand I have done it, and by my wisdom; for I am prudent: and I have removed the bounds of the people, and have robbed their treasures, and I have put down the inhabitants like a valiant man: … <div class="vheading">Jump to Previous</div><a href="/daniel/6-20.htm">Able</a> <a href="/daniel/7-23.htm">Animal</a> <a href="/daniel/7-17.htm">Animals</a> <a href="/daniel/7-23.htm">Beast</a> <a href="/daniel/7-17.htm">Beasts</a> <a href="/ezekiel/34-21.htm">Butting</a> <a href="/ezekiel/18-20.htm">Charged</a> <a href="/jeremiah/8-6.htm">Charging</a> <a href="/daniel/6-20.htm">Deliver</a> <a href="/daniel/7-25.htm">Great</a> <a href="/daniel/7-25.htm">Hand</a> <a href="/ezekiel/38-23.htm">Magnified</a> <a href="/ezekiel/48-31.htm">North</a> <a href="/ezekiel/48-31.htm">Northward</a> <a href="/daniel/6-23.htm">Pleased</a> <a href="/daniel/4-35.htm">Pleasure</a> <a href="/daniel/7-27.htm">Power</a> <a href="/ezekiel/34-21.htm">Pushing</a> <a href="/daniel/8-3.htm">Ram</a> <a href="/daniel/6-14.htm">Rescue</a> <a href="/ezekiel/46-11.htm">Sheep</a> <a href="/ezekiel/48-33.htm">South</a> <a href="/ezekiel/48-28.htm">Southward</a> <a href="/daniel/7-4.htm">Stand</a> <a href="/daniel/7-21.htm">Watched</a> <a href="/ezekiel/48-34.htm">West</a> <a href="/ezekiel/48-21.htm">Westward</a> <a href="/daniel/6-23.htm">Whatever</a><div class="vheading2">Jump to Next</div><a href="/daniel/8-27.htm">Able</a> <a href="/hosea/13-8.htm">Animal</a> <a href="/hosea/2-12.htm">Animals</a> <a href="/hosea/2-12.htm">Beast</a> <a href="/hosea/2-12.htm">Beasts</a> <a href="/ezekiel/34-21.htm">Butting</a> <a href="/daniel/8-6.htm">Charged</a> <a href="/amos/3-14.htm">Charging</a> <a href="/daniel/8-7.htm">Deliver</a> <a href="/daniel/8-5.htm">Great</a> <a href="/daniel/8-7.htm">Hand</a> <a href="/daniel/8-8.htm">Magnified</a> <a href="/daniel/11-6.htm">North</a> <a href="/genesis/13-14.htm">Northward</a> <a href="/hosea/5-11.htm">Pleased</a> <a href="/daniel/8-12.htm">Pleasure</a> <a href="/daniel/8-6.htm">Power</a> <a href="/joel/2-8.htm">Pushing</a> <a href="/daniel/8-6.htm">Ram</a> <a href="/hosea/2-10.htm">Rescue</a> <a href="/daniel/8-20.htm">Sheep</a> <a href="/daniel/8-9.htm">South</a> <a href="/acts/8-26.htm">Southward</a> <a href="/daniel/8-7.htm">Stand</a> <a href="/daniel/9-14.htm">Watched</a> <a href="/daniel/8-5.htm">West</a> <a href="/genesis/13-14.htm">Westward</a> <a href="/daniel/8-24.htm">Whatever</a><div class="vheading2">Daniel 8</div>1. <a href="/daniel/8-1.htm">Daniel's vision of the ram and he goat.</a> 13. <a href="/daniel/8-13.htm">The two thousand three hundred days of the suspension of the daily sacrifice.</a> 15. <a href="/daniel/8-15.htm">Gabriel comforts Daniel, and interprets the vision.</a> </div></div><div id="mdd"><div align="center"><div class="bot2"><table align="center" width="100%"><tr><td><div align="center"> <script id="3d27ed63fc4348d5b062c4527ae09445"> (new Image()).src = 'https://capi.connatix.com/tr/si?token=51ce25d5-1a8c-424a-8695-4bd48c750f35&cid=3a9f82d0-4344-4f8d-ac0c-e1a0eb43a405'; </script> <script id="b817b7107f1d4a7997da1b3c33457e03"> (new Image()).src = 'https://capi.connatix.com/tr/si?token=cb0edd8b-b416-47eb-8c6d-3cc96561f7e8&cid=3a9f82d0-4344-4f8d-ac0c-e1a0eb43a405'; </script>  <div id='div-gpt-ad-1529103594582-2'> </div>  <div id='div-gpt-ad-1529103594582-0' style='max-width: 300px;'> </div>  <div id='div-gpt-ad-1529103594582-3'> </div>  <div id='div-gpt-ad-1529103594582-1' style='max-width: 300px;'> </div>  <div align="center" id='div-gpt-ad-1531425649696-0'> </div> <ins class="adsbygoogle" style="display:inline-block;width:200px;height:200px" data-ad-client="ca-pub-3753401421161123" data-ad-slot="3592799687"></ins> <script> (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); </script> </div> </td></tr></table></div></div></div><div id="combox"><div class="padcom"><a name="study" id="study"></a><div class="vheading"><table width="100%"><tr><td width="99%" valign="top"><a href="/study/daniel/8.htm">Study Bible</a></td><td width="1%" valign="top"><a href="/study/daniel/" title="Book Summary and Study">Book ◦</a> <a href="/study/chapters/daniel/8.htm" title="Chapter summary and Study">Chapter </a></tr></table></div>I saw the ram charging toward the west and the north and the south. The ram in this vision represents the Medo-Persian Empire, as later clarified in <a href="/daniel/8-20.htm">Daniel 8:20</a>. The directions—west, north, and south—indicate the expansion of this empire under the leadership of kings such as Cyrus the Great. Historically, the Medo-Persian Empire expanded westward into Lydia and Ionia, northward into Armenia, and southward into Egypt. This aligns with historical records of the empire's conquests. The absence of an eastern direction suggests that the empire's primary focus was on these other regions, which were more significant in terms of wealth and influence.No animal could stand against him, This phrase emphasizes the dominance and power of the Medo-Persian Empire during its peak. The imagery of no animal being able to stand against the ram suggests that no other kingdom could successfully challenge its authority at that time. This is consistent with historical accounts of the empire's military prowess and strategic alliances, which made it a formidable force in the ancient world. The use of "animal" in the vision symbolizes other nations or empires, highlighting the theme of divine sovereignty over earthly kingdoms.and there was no deliverance from his power. The phrase indicates the total control and unchallenged authority of the Medo-Persian Empire over its conquered territories. This reflects the historical reality of the empire's administrative efficiency and military strength, which left little room for rebellion or escape. Theologically, this can be seen as a demonstration of God's allowance for certain empires to rise and fall according to His divine plan, as seen throughout the prophetic literature in the Bible.He did as he pleased and became great. This statement underscores the autonomy and success of the Medo-Persian rulers, particularly Cyrus the Great, who is known for his effective governance and military conquests. The phrase "did as he pleased" suggests a level of unchecked power and authority, which is a recurring theme in the book of Daniel regarding earthly rulers. The greatness achieved by the empire is a testament to its historical significance and the fulfillment of God's prophetic word. This also serves as a reminder of the temporary nature of human power in contrast to God's eternal kingdom, a theme that is prevalent throughout the book of Daniel.<div class="vheading2">Persons / Places / Events</div>1. <a href="/topical/t/the_ram.htm">The Ram</a> Symbolizes the Medo-Persian Empire, as later explained in <a href="/daniel/8-20.htm">Daniel 8:20</a>. The ram's two horns represent the dual nature of the empire, with the Persians eventually becoming dominant over the Medes. 2. <a href="/topical/t/the_directions.htm">The Directions (West, North, South)</a> These directions indicate the expansion of the Medo-Persian Empire. Historically, this empire expanded westward into Lydia, northward into Armenia, and southward into Egypt. 3. <a href="/topical/t/the_animals.htm">The Animals</a> Represents other kingdoms or powers that could not withstand the might of the Medo-Persian Empire during its period of expansion. 4. <a href="/topical/t/the_act_of_charging.htm">The Act of Charging</a> This aggressive movement signifies the empire's military conquests and dominance over other nations. 5. <a href="/topical/t/the_greatness_of_the_ram.htm">The Greatness of the Ram</a> Illustrates the peak of the Medo-Persian Empire's power and influence in the ancient world.<div class="vheading2">Teaching Points</div><a href="/topical/g/god's_sovereignty_over_nations.htm">God's Sovereignty Over Nations</a> The vision of the ram demonstrates that God is in control of the rise and fall of empires. Believers can trust in God's ultimate plan and sovereignty over world events. <a href="/topical/t/the_temporary_nature_of_earthly_power.htm">The Temporary Nature of Earthly Power</a> The greatness of the ram, though significant, is temporary. This serves as a reminder that earthly power and success are fleeting, and true greatness is found in God's eternal kingdom. <a href="/topical/t/the_importance_of_spiritual_vigilance.htm">The Importance of Spiritual Vigilance</a> Just as the ram charged with unstoppable force, believers must be vigilant in their spiritual lives, standing firm against the forces that oppose God's will. <a href="/topical/h/historical_fulfillment_as_faith_strengthener.htm">Historical Fulfillment as Faith Strengthener</a> Understanding the historical fulfillment of Daniel's visions can strengthen faith, showing that God's word is true and reliable.<div class="vheading2">Lists and Questions</div><a href="/top10/lessons_from_daniel_8.htm">Top 10 Lessons from Daniel 8</a> <a href="/q/how_does_daniel_interpret_dreams.htm">How does Daniel interpret dreams and visions in Babylon?</a> <a href="/q/how_do_the_'four_kingdoms'_fit_history.htm">How do we reconcile the identity of the 'four kingdoms' (Daniel 8:20-22) with historical empires, especially when some details appear inconsistent with recorded history?</a> <a href="/q/is_'lion's_mouth'_in_2_tim_4_17_literal.htm">In 2 Timothy 4:17, is Paul's claim of being rescued 'from the lion's mouth' literal or a figurative expression, and how does this align with historical or scientific understanding?</a> <a href="/q/what_is_the_horn_of_salvation.htm">What is the horn of salvation?</a><a name="commentary" id="commentary"></a><div class="vheading2"><a href="/commentaries/ellicott/daniel/8.htm">Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers</a></div>(4) I saw the ram pushing.--The ram pushes in three different directions. This corresponds to the three ribs in the mouth of the bear. The animal does not push towards the east, as it is presumed that he has already made conquests in those quarters.<div class="vheading2"><a href="/commentaries/pulpit/daniel/8.htm">Pulpit Commentary</a></div>Verse 4. - I saw the ram pushing westward, and northward, and southward; so that no beasts might stand before him, neither was there any that could deliver out of his hand: but he did according to his will, and became great. The opening words of the Septuagint appear to be a translation of the last word of the preceding verse, ha'aheronah. being rendered, "after these things" - a change that is not defensible. It is more important to note that in the LXX. we have the four points of the compass mentioned, not merely three as in the Massoretic, "I saw the ram butting eastward, and northward, and westward, and southward." Had a falsarius been wishful to supply the missing direction, he would have inserted "eastward" between "northward" and "southward," only if he had begun with "eastward" would he have gone on as it at present stands in the Septuagint. What could make him change "west" to "east"? Our opinion is that the LXX. represents the original text. It is confirmatory of this that Theodotion. in strict agreement with the text of the Massoretes, renders the first direction "seaward" (κατὰ θάλασσαν). The Peshitta renders "westward," not by yammah, but by the term for "west" that became common in Exilic and post-Exilic Hebrew, ma'arab - the word that is used in the next verse. Ezekiel uses yammah for "west," when in vision he places himself in Palestine, otherwise it is not used for "west" by Exilic and post-Exilic writers. If we take the statement of the next verse as fixing what was "the west" to the author of Daniel, where would "seaward" be? If we draw a line from Tress, where Alexander landed, and continue it through Babylon, it reaches the Persian Gulf. "Seaward" would mean consequently "eastward," or approximately so, to one writing in Babylon. A great number of suggestions have been offered to explain the singular omission of "eastward" from the direction in which the ram pushes with his horns, Havernick, and following him Moses Stuart, assert that "eastward" is not mentioned because the Persians made no conquests to the east until the days of Darius Hystaspis, and then not permanent ones. Against this is the fact that Elam and Media were mainly east of Ansan. Further, the picture here given of the Persian Empire is not restricted to the days of Cyrus and Cambyses, but all through its course. As to the permanence of these Eastern conquests, the territories of Darius Codomannus east of Arbela embraced modern Persia and other territories to the confines of India. Keil assumes that the ram stands on the western bank of the Shapur, so, if he pushed eastward, it would be against his own capital; but if oobal means "a river," then the only meaning possible for liphnee is "eastward." He would then be butting towards the river across which the enemy was likely to come, moreover, against his own capital, unless the ram is supposed to be between the river and the city - an unlikely supposition, as Shushan was on the river Eulaeus. He further maintains that the unfolding of the power of Persia was towards these three named directions, and not towards the last, whatever that may mean. Ewald declares the ram does not butt towards the east, because that already belongs to him. As a matter of fact, and, as exhibited by the Book of Esther, welt known to the Jews, the Persian Empire did conquer towards the east. Behrmann says, "The ram does not push towards the east, because he comes from the east - a delicacy the Septuagint overlooked." In point of fact, there is no word in the vision of the ram coming from anywhere - this delicacy (feinheit) Professor Behrmann has overlooked. Kranich-fold and Zockler follow this. The view of Bishop Newton, followed by Archdeacon Rose, is that the east had no importance to the Jews; but north and south had just a little. Jephet-ihn-Ali and several modern commentators think the three directions, as the three ribs, imply the limitation of the Persian Empire. It certainly was recognized by the Jews to be little, if at all, less than that of Alexander the Great Hitzig propounds in all gravity an absurd view; he assumes that the ram was standing on the west bank of the river, and faced west, and argues that he did not butt eastward because he could not butt backwards. His preliminary assumption is groundless, as we have seen, and rams can change their position. The true explanation is that a direction has dropped out. While "seaward" had ceased to mean "west" to the Jews in Babylon, it did not take long residence in Palestine to recover this name for "west." A copyist living in Palestine, finding yammah, in the first place would translate it "westward;" then after "northward" he would, in the third place, come upon ms'arab, which also meant "west;" so naturally he dropped the second of what seemed to him synonymous terms. If we are correct in our supposition, we have here demonstrative proof that Daniel was written by one living in Babylon Are beasts might stand before him. All the powers round Persia had to submit to him. And be became great affords proof, if proof were needed, that the vision applies to the whole of the history of Persia. There is little necessity for Moses Stuart's translation, "became haughty." <a href="/commentaries/daniel/8-4.htm">Parallel Commentaries ...</a> <a name="lexicon" id="lexicon"></a><div class="vheading">Hebrew</div>I saw רָאִ֣יתִי (rā·’î·ṯî) Verb - Qal - Perfect - first person common singular <a href="/hebrew/strongs_7200.htm">Strong's 7200: </a> To see the ram הָאַ֡יִל (hā·’a·yil) Article | Noun - masculine singular <a href="/hebrew/strongs_352.htm">Strong's 352: </a> Strength, strong, a chief, a ram, a pilaster, an oak, strong tree charging מְנַגֵּחַ֩ (mə·nag·gê·aḥ) Verb - Piel - Participle - masculine singular <a href="/hebrew/strongs_5055.htm">Strong's 5055: </a> To butt with the horns, to war against toward the west יָ֨מָּה (yām·māh) Noun - masculine singular | third person feminine singular <a href="/hebrew/strongs_3220.htm">Strong's 3220: </a> A sea, the Mediterranean Sea, large river, an artifical basin and the north וְצָפ֜וֹנָה (wə·ṣā·p̄ō·w·nāh) Conjunctive waw | Noun - feminine singular | third person feminine singular <a href="/hebrew/strongs_6828.htm">Strong's 6828: </a> Hidden, dark, the north as a, quarter and the south. וָנֶ֗גְבָּה (wā·neḡ·bāh) Conjunctive waw | Noun - masculine singular | third person feminine singular <a href="/hebrew/strongs_5045.htm">Strong's 5045: </a> South country, the Negeb, south No וְכָל־ (wə·ḵāl) Conjunctive waw | Noun - masculine singular construct <a href="/hebrew/strongs_3605.htm">Strong's 3605: </a> The whole, all, any, every animal חַיּוֹת֙ (ḥay·yō·wṯ) Noun - feminine plural <a href="/hebrew/strongs_2416.htm">Strong's 2416: </a> Alive, raw, fresh, strong, life could stand יַֽעַמְד֣וּ (ya·‘am·ḏū) Verb - Qal - Imperfect - third person masculine plural <a href="/hebrew/strongs_5975.htm">Strong's 5975: </a> To stand, in various relations against him, לְפָנָ֔יו (lə·p̄ā·nāw) Preposition-l | Noun - common plural construct | third person masculine singular <a href="/hebrew/strongs_6440.htm">Strong's 6440: </a> The face and there was no וְאֵ֥ין (wə·’ên) Conjunctive waw | Adverb <a href="/hebrew/strongs_369.htm">Strong's 369: </a> A non-entity, a negative particle deliverance מַצִּ֖יל (maṣ·ṣîl) Verb - Hifil - Participle - masculine singular <a href="/hebrew/strongs_5337.htm">Strong's 5337: </a> To strip, plunder, deliver oneself, be delivered, snatch away, deliver from his power. מִיָּד֑וֹ (mî·yā·ḏōw) Preposition-m | Noun - feminine singular construct | third person masculine singular <a href="/hebrew/strongs_3027.htm">Strong's 3027: </a> A hand He did וְעָשָׂ֥ה (wə·‘ā·śāh) Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Conjunctive perfect - third person masculine singular <a href="/hebrew/strongs_6213.htm">Strong's 6213: </a> To do, make as he pleased כִרְצֹנ֖וֹ (ḵir·ṣō·nōw) Preposition-k | Noun - masculine singular construct | third person masculine singular <a href="/hebrew/strongs_7522.htm">Strong's 7522: </a> Goodwill, favor, acceptance, will and became great. וְהִגְדִּֽיל׃ (wə·hiḡ·dîl) Conjunctive waw | Verb - Hifil - Conjunctive perfect - third person masculine singular <a href="/hebrew/strongs_1431.htm">Strong's 1431: </a> To grow up, become great <div class="vheading">Links</div><a href="/niv/daniel/8-4.htm">Daniel 8:4 NIV</a> <a href="/nlt/daniel/8-4.htm">Daniel 8:4 NLT</a> <a href="/esv/daniel/8-4.htm">Daniel 8:4 ESV</a> <a href="/nasb/daniel/8-4.htm">Daniel 8:4 NASB</a> <a href="/kjv/daniel/8-4.htm">Daniel 8:4 KJV</a> <a href="//bibleapps.com/daniel/8-4.htm">Daniel 8:4 BibleApps.com</a> <a href="//bibliaparalela.com/daniel/8-4.htm">Daniel 8:4 Biblia Paralela</a> <a href="//holybible.com.cn/daniel/8-4.htm">Daniel 8:4 Chinese Bible</a> <a href="//saintebible.com/daniel/8-4.htm">Daniel 8:4 French Bible</a> <a href="/catholic/daniel/8-4.htm">Daniel 8:4 Catholic Bible</a> <a href="/daniel/8-4.htm">OT Prophets: Daniel 8:4 I saw the ram pushing westward (Dan. Da Dn) </a></div></div></td></tr></table></div><div id="left"><a href="/daniel/8-3.htm" onmouseover='lft.src="/leftgif.png"' onmouseout='lft.src="/left.png"' title="Daniel 8:3"><img src="/left.png" name="lft" border="0" alt="Daniel 8:3" /></a></div><div id="right"><a href="/daniel/8-5.htm" onmouseover='rght.src="/rightgif.png"' onmouseout='rght.src="/right.png"' title="Daniel 8:5"><img src="/right.png" name="rght" border="0" alt="Daniel 8:5" /></a></div><div id="botleft"><a href="#" onmouseover='botleft.src="/botleftgif.png"' onmouseout='botleft.src="/botleft.png"' title="Top of Page"><img src="/botleft.png" name="botleft" border="0" alt="Top of Page" /></a></div><div id="botright"><a href="#" onmouseover='botright.src="/botrightgif.png"' onmouseout='botright.src="/botright.png"' title="Top of Page"><img src="/botright.png" name="botright" border="0" alt="Top of Page" /></a></div><div id="bot"><iframe width="100%" height="1500" scrolling="no" src="/botmenubhnew2.htm" frameborder="0"></iframe></div></td></tr></table></div></body></html>