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vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Write_testable_code"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Write testable code</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Write_testable_code-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Test_conventions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Test_conventions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Test conventions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Test_conventions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-setUp()_and_tearDown()" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#setUp()_and_tearDown()"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>setUp() and tearDown()</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-setUp()_and_tearDown()-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Assertion_functions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Assertion_functions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4.1</span> <span>Assertion functions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Assertion_functions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Data_providers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Data_providers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4.2</span> <span>Data providers</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Data_providers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Telling_a_story" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Telling_a_story"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>Telling a story</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Telling_a_story-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Number_of_assertions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Number_of_assertions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.6</span> <span>Number of assertions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Number_of_assertions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Failing" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Failing"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.7</span> <span>Failing</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Failing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Specific_to_MediaWiki" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Specific_to_MediaWiki"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Specific to MediaWiki</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Specific_to_MediaWiki-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span 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title="Special:MyLanguage/Manual:PHP unit testing/PostgreSQL">PostgreSQL</a><span style="display:none"><a href="/wiki/Manual:PHP_unit_testing/PostgreSQL" title="Manual:PHP unit testing/PostgreSQL"> </a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Manual:PHP_unit_testing/Oracle" title="Special:MyLanguage/Manual:PHP unit testing/Oracle">Oracle</a><span style="display:none"><a href="/wiki/Manual:PHP_unit_testing/Oracle" title="Manual:PHP unit testing/Oracle"> </a></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Manual:PHP_unit_testing/Code_coverage" title="Special:MyLanguage/Manual:PHP unit testing/Code coverage">Generate code coverage</a><span style="display:none"><a href="/wiki/Manual:PHP_unit_testing/Code_coverage" title="Manual:PHP unit testing/Code coverage"> </a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Writing_testable_PHP_code" title="Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Writing testable PHP code">Writing testable PHP code</a><span style="display:none"><a href="/wiki/Manual:Writing_testable_PHP_code" title="Manual:Writing testable PHP code"> </a></span></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Manual:PHP_unit_testing/Writing_unit_tests" title="Special:MyLanguage/Manual:PHP unit testing/Writing unit tests">Writing tests</a></b><span style="display:none"><a class="mw-selflink selflink"> </a></span> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Manual:PHP_unit_testing/Writing_unit_tests_for_extensions" title="Special:MyLanguage/Manual:PHP unit testing/Writing unit tests for extensions">...for extensions</a><span style="display:none"><a href="/wiki/Manual:PHP_unit_testing/Writing_unit_tests_for_extensions" title="Manual:PHP unit testing/Writing unit tests for extensions"> </a></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Continuous_integration" title="Special:MyLanguage/Continuous integration">Continuous integration</a><span style="display:none"><a href="/wiki/Continuous_integration" title="Continuous integration"> </a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Continuous_integration/Understanding_build_failures" title="Special:MyLanguage/Continuous integration/Understanding build failures">Understanding build failures</a><span style="display:none"><a href="/wiki/Continuous_integration/Understanding_build_failures" title="Continuous integration/Understanding build failures"> </a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Manual:PHP_unit_testing/Appendix" title="Special:MyLanguage/Manual:PHP unit testing/Appendix">Appendix</a><span style="display:none"><a href="/wiki/Manual:PHP_unit_testing/Appendix" title="Manual:PHP unit testing/Appendix"> </a></span><br />(how to help, resources..)</li></ul> <hr /> <p><b>Tools</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PHPUnit" class="extiw" title="w:PHPUnit">PHPUnit</a></li></ul> </div> </div> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="General_advice">General advice</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Manual:PHP_unit_testing/Writing_unit_tests&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: General advice"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://docs.phpunit.de/en/9.6/index.html">PHPUnit Manual</a> provides good instructions for understanding and developing unit tests. Pay particularly close attention to the sections on <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://docs.phpunit.de/en/9.6/writing-tests-for-phpunit.html">writing</a> and <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://docs.phpunit.de/en/9.6/organizing-tests.html">organizing</a> tests. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Developing_best_practices">Developing best practices</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Manual:PHP_unit_testing/Writing_unit_tests&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Developing best practices"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Developers new to unit testing in MediaWiki should use <a href="https://gerrit.wikimedia.org/g/mediawiki/core/%2B/HEAD/tests/phpunit/includes/SampleTest.php" class="extiw" title="git:mediawiki/core/+/HEAD/tests/phpunit/includes/SampleTest.php">SampleTest.php</a> as a starting point – it contains helpful comments that will ease the process of learning to write unit tests. </p><p>Another resource is the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160303184343/http://assets.en.oreilly.com/1/event/45/PHPUnit%20Best%20Practices%20Presentation.pdf">slides</a> from the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150925211211/http://www.oscon.com/oscon2010/public/schedule/detail/12510">PHPUnit Best Practices</a> talk that Sebastian Bergmann gave at OSCON 2010. </p><p>Developers should avoid inventing new conventions or borrowing conventions from other frameworks; using the already well-established PHPUnit conventions will serve to make MediaWiki's tests both useful and usable. </p><p>Unit tests should follow <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.artima.com/weblogs/viewpost.jsp?thread=126923">A Set of Unit Testing Rules</a></i> by Michael Feathers. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Write_testable_code">Write testable code</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Manual:PHP_unit_testing/Writing_unit_tests&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Write testable code"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Writing_testable_PHP_code" title="Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Writing testable PHP code">Please try to write testable code.</a><span style="display:none"><a href="/wiki/Manual:Writing_testable_PHP_code" title="Manual:Writing testable PHP code"> </a></span> </p><p>MediaWiki was not written with the objective of being testable. It uses global variables all over the place and static methods in many places. This is a legacy that we have to accept, but try not to introduce these things into new code, and <a href="/wiki/Requests_for_comment/Configuration_database" title="Requests for comment/Configuration database">try to change going forward</a>. </p><p>A good resource might be Miško Hevery's <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200219224539/http://misko.hevery.com/2009/03/09/guide-to-testability-is-now-downloadable/">Guide to Testability</a>. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200829024409/http://misko.hevery.com/about/">Miško Hevery</a> is [one of?] Google's Agile Coaches.) </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Test_conventions">Test conventions</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Manual:PHP_unit_testing/Writing_unit_tests&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Test conventions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The filename must end with <code>Test.php</code>. Use <a href="https://gerrit.wikimedia.org/g/mediawiki/core/%2B/HEAD/tests/phpunit/includes/SampleTest.php" class="extiw" title="git:mediawiki/core/+/HEAD/tests/phpunit/includes/SampleTest.php">SampleTest.php</a> as a starting point. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="setUp()_and_tearDown()"><span id="setUp.28.29_and_tearDown.28.29"></span>setUp() and tearDown()</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Manual:PHP_unit_testing/Writing_unit_tests&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: setUp() and tearDown()"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Must be <code>protected</code> functions.</li> <li>tearDown() should be in the opposite order of setUp().</li> <li>setUp() starts with calling its parent.</li> <li>tearDown() ends with calling its parent.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Assertion_functions">Assertion functions</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Manual:PHP_unit_testing/Writing_unit_tests&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Assertion functions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Must be <code>public</code> functions.</li> <li>The name of the function should be in lowerCamelCase and begin with the word <code>test</code>; e.g., <code>function testFooBar</code>.</li> <li>Whenever possible, refer to the most important method being tested; e.g., <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-php mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr"><span class="nx">Html</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="na">expandAttributes</span></code> is tested in <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-php mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr"><span class="nx">HtmlTest</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="na">testExpandAttributes</span></code>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Data_providers">Data providers</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Manual:PHP_unit_testing/Writing_unit_tests&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Data providers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Must be <code>public</code> functions.</li> <li>Should be <code>static</code> functions. (See <a href="https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T332865" class="extiw" title="phab:T332865">T332865</a>.)</li> <li>The name of the data provider should be in lowerCamelCase and begin with the word <code>provide</code>; e.g., <code>provideHtml5InputTypes</code>.</li> <li>Should not instantiate MediaWiki Services, since data providers are called before <code>setUpBeforeClass</code>. For example, instead of <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-php mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr"><span class="nx">Title</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="na">newFromText</span></code>, use <code>new TitleValue</code> to avoid creating a <code>TitleParser</code>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Telling_a_story">Telling a story</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Manual:PHP_unit_testing/Writing_unit_tests&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Telling a story"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Test output should tell a story. The <code>--testdox</code> output format is a good way to view this story: a test suite execution is displayed as a set of statements about the test classes, along with whether or not they have passed. The statements (unless customized) are the test method names with corrected capitalization and spacing. </p><p>The <code>@testdox</code> annotation can be used to customize the message that is displayed. It is not currently used in the MediaWiki codebase. </p><p>See <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://phpunit.readthedocs.io/es/latest/other-uses-for-tests.html">"Other Uses for Tests"</a> for more information. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Number_of_assertions">Number of assertions</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Manual:PHP_unit_testing/Writing_unit_tests&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Number of assertions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Only one assertion per test unless there is a good reason (expensive tests may need to be grouped). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Failing">Failing</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Manual:PHP_unit_testing/Writing_unit_tests&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Failing"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Usually tests code shouldn't do <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-php mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr"><span class="k">die</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">"Error"</span><span class="p">)</span></code>, but use the phpunit fail method: </p> <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-php mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="na">fail</span><span class="p">(</span> <span class="s1">'A useful error message'</span> <span class="p">)</span> </pre></div> <p>This would show up as a failure in the testing summary rather than bringing the whole test suite down. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Specific_to_MediaWiki">Specific to MediaWiki</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Manual:PHP_unit_testing/Writing_unit_tests&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Specific to MediaWiki"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Grouping_tests">Grouping tests</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Manual:PHP_unit_testing/Writing_unit_tests&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Grouping tests"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>PHPUnit allows tests to be put into arbitrary groups. Groups of tests can be selected for execution or excluded from execution when the test suite is run (see the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://phpunit.readthedocs.io/en/8.0/appendixes.annotations.html#appendixes.annotations.group">@group annotation</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://phpunit.readthedocs.io/en/8.0/textui.html">The Command-Line Test Runner</a> and <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://phpunit.readthedocs.io/en/8.0/appendixes.configuration.html">XML Configuration File</a> documentation in the PHPUnit manual for additional details.) </p><p>To add a test (or class) to a group, use the <code>@group</code> annotation in the docblock preceding the code. For example: </p> <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-php mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><span></span><span class="sd">/**</span> <span class="sd"> * @group Broken</span> <span class="sd"> * @group Internationalization</span> <span class="sd"> */</span> <span class="k">class</span> <span class="nc">HttpTest</span> <span class="k">extends</span> <span class="nx">MediaWikiTestCase</span> <span class="p">{</span> <span class="o">...</span> </pre></div> <p>Several functional groups are currently used in MediaWiki unit tests: </p> <ul><li><b>API</b> – Tests that exercise the <a href="/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/API" title="Special:MyLanguage/API">MediaWiki API</a>.</li> <li><b>Broken</b> – Put broken tests into group Broken. Tests in this group will not be run (as is configured in <code><a href="https://gerrit.wikimedia.org/g/mediawiki/core/%2B/HEAD/tests/phpunit/suite.xml" class="extiw" title="git:mediawiki/core/+/HEAD/tests/phpunit/suite.xml">tests/phpunit/suite.xml</a></code>).</li> <li><b>Database</b> – Tests that require database connectivity should be put into group Database.</li></ul> <dl><dd><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r6651107">.mw-parser-output .note{background-position:left 7px top 50%;padding:0.5em 0.5em 0.5em 40px;margin:0.5em 0;overflow:hidden;background-color:#f8f9fa;color:#333;background-repeat:no-repeat;border:1px solid #ddd}.mw-parser-output .note-inline{display:inline-block;vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .note-info{background-color:#eaf3ff;color:#333;background-image:url("https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ec/OOjs_UI_icon_information-progressive.svg");background-size:25px;border-color:#a3caff;padding-left:40px;min-height:25px}.mw-parser-output .note-reminder{background-color:#fff9ea;color:#333;background-image:url("https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a8/OOjs_UI_icon_lightbulb-yellow.svg");background-size:25px;border-color:#fc3;min-height:25px}.mw-parser-output .note-warn{background-color:#fff9ea;color:#333;background-image:url("https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3b/OOjs_UI_icon_alert-warning.svg");background-size:25px;border-color:#fc3;min-height:25px}.mw-parser-output .note-error{background-color:#fee7e6;color:#333;background-image:url("https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bf/OOjs_UI_icon_notice-destructive.svg");background-size:25px;border-color:#c33;min-height:25px}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .note{background-color:transparent;color:inherit}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .note{background-color:transparent;color:inherit}}</style><div role="note" class="note note-info">This causes temporary tables to be overlayed over the real wiki database, so test cases can perform database operations without changing the actual wiki.</div></dd></dl> <ul><li><b>Destructive</b> – Tests that alter or destroy data should be put into group Destructive.</li> <li><b>Search</b> – Tests that use MediaWiki's built-in search put into group Search.</li> <li><b>SeleniumFramework</b> – Tests that require <a href="/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Selenium/PHP/Selenium_Framework" title="Special:MyLanguage/Selenium/PHP/Selenium Framework">SeleniumFramework</a><span style="display:none"><a href="/wiki/Selenium/PHP/Selenium_Framework" title="Selenium/PHP/Selenium Framework"> </a></span> to be installed should be put in group SeleniumFramework.</li> <li><b>Stub</b> – Put test stubs into group Stub. Tests in this group will not be run (as is configured in <code><a href="https://gerrit.wikimedia.org/g/mediawiki/core/%2B/HEAD/tests/phpunit/suite.xml" class="extiw" title="git:mediawiki/core/+/HEAD/tests/phpunit/suite.xml">tests/phpunit/suite.xml</a></code>).</li> <li><b>Sqlite</b> – Tests that use SQLite should be put into group Sqlite.</li> <li><b>Standalone</b> – Very slow tests that should not be run in <a href="/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Continuous_integration/Tutorials/Adding_your_extension_to_the_shared_gate_job" title="Special:MyLanguage/Continuous integration/Tutorials/Adding your extension to the shared gate job">the gate</a>, to help keep tests fast for other gated extensions.</li> <li><b>Upload</b> – Tests that upload files should be put into group Upload.</li> <li><b>Utility</b> – Currently unused by any test. Tests in this group will be not be run (as is configured in <code><a href="https://gerrit.wikimedia.org/g/mediawiki/core/%2B/HEAD/tests/phpunit/suite.xml" class="extiw" title="git:mediawiki/core/+/HEAD/tests/phpunit/suite.xml">tests/phpunit/suite.xml</a></code>).</li></ul> <p>In addition, tests may also be grouped based on development team: </p> <ul><li><b>Fundraising</b></li> <li><b>EditorEngagement</b></li> <li><b>Internationalization</b></li> <li>etc.</li></ul> <p>To test only a particular group, use the <code>--group</code> flag from the command line: </p> <pre>composer phpunit:entrypoint -- --group Search </pre> <p>or if you use the Makefile in core/tests/phpunit: </p> <pre>make FLAGS="--group Search" <i>target</i> </pre> <p>where target can be phpunit, safe, etc. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Coverage">Coverage</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Manual:PHP_unit_testing/Writing_unit_tests&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Coverage"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://phpunit.readthedocs.io/en/8.0/code-coverage-analysis.html">PHPUnit documentation has a chapter about coverage</a>. There is a <a href="https://doc.wikimedia.org/cover/mediawiki-core/" class="extiw" title="wmdoc:cover/mediawiki-core/">coverage report for MediaWiki core</a> generated twice a day. As the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://phpunit.de/manual/current/en/appendixes.configuration.html">forceCoversAnnotation option</a> should be in effect the test should be marked with <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://phpunit.de/manual/current/en/appendixes.annotations.html#appendixes.annotations.covers">@covers annotations</a> to express which parts of the code the test actually checks (as opposed to code that is just run but whose results are never tested for with assertions). </p><p>Note that <code>@covers</code> requires fully-qualified class names (unlike <a href="/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Doxygen" title="Special:MyLanguage/Doxygen">Doxygen</a><span style="display:none"><a href="/wiki/Doxygen" class="mw-redirect" title="Doxygen"> </a></span> annotations such as <code>@param</code>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Class">Class</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Manual:PHP_unit_testing/Writing_unit_tests&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Class"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>You will want to extend one of the MediaWiki test classes. </p> <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-php mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><span></span><span class="k">class</span> <span class="nc">HttpTest</span> <span class="k">extends</span> <span class="nx">MediaWikiTestCase</span> <span class="p">{</span> <span class="o">...</span> </pre></div> <p>The following are some common MediaWiki test classes to extend. Bullets at a lower level extend their parent. </p> <ul><li><code>TestCase</code> – PHPUnit's test class <ul><li><code>MediaWikiUnitTestCase</code> – For unit tests of methods with no dependencies, or methods whose dependencies are completely mocked. These should go in their own subfolder called <code>/unit/</code>, so that <code>phpunit:unit</code> works correctly. <ul><li><code>HookRunnerTestBase</code> – Tests that all arguments passed into a HookRunner class are passed along to a HookContainer.</li></ul></li> <li><code>MediaWikiIntegrationTestCase</code> – Assists with testing classes that access global variables, methods, services, or a storage backend. Prevents sending actual emails. These should go in their own subfolder called <code>/integration/</code>, so that <code>phpunit:integration</code> works correctly. Can safely test the SQL database if you add <code>@group Database</code> to your tests. Changes to database data are reset at the beginning of each test method. <ul><li><code>MediaWikiLangTestCase</code> – Does some language setup such as <code>$this->setUserLang( 'en' );</code> and <code>$this->setContentLang( 'en' );</code> and does <code>$services->getMessageCache()->disable()</code> <ul><li><code>ApiTestCase</code> –- Has some extra methods for testing the <a href="/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Action_API" title="Special:MyLanguage/Action API">Action API</a><span style="display:none"><a href="/wiki/Action_API" class="mw-redirect" title="Action API"> </a></span>, such as <code>doApiRequest()</code>, <code>doApiRequestWithToken()</code>, <code>buildFauxRequest()</code>, etc.</li></ul></li> <li><code>MaintenanceBaseTestCase</code> – For testing MediaWiki maintenance classes.</li> <li><code>SpecialPageTestBase</code> – For testing MediaWiki special pages.</li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Databases">Databases</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Manual:PHP_unit_testing/Writing_unit_tests&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Databases"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>When testing database-dependent code, you should put your test case in the <i>Database</i> group (see <a href="#Grouping_tests">above</a>). That tells MediaWikiTestCase to setup a <code>DB_PRIMARY</code> database connection for you to use in <code>$this->db</code>. Normally, this uses a separate temporary database, with certain limited data prefilled by <code>addCoreDBData</code>, including a 'UTSysop' user and a 'UTPage' title. (The temporary database is created with <code><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/create-temporary-table.html">CREATE TEMPORARY TABLE</a></code>, and the tables are prefixed with <code>unittest_</code>.) You can force PHPUnit to not use temporary tables (for example, if you want to step debug and look in the database using a database viewer) by setting the .env variable <code>PHPUNIT_USE_NORMAL_TABLES=1</code>. A test case can add additional data to the database by overriding <code>addDBData</code> (which by default does nothing). </p><p>Please note that only the table schema is copied over from your actual database, not the existing data in that table. </p><p>You can directly test the current contents of the database with <span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://doc.wikimedia.org/mediawiki-core/master/php/classMediaWikiTestCase.html#ac52071ce3aa849874d6531edccb7328a">assertSelect()</a></span>. </p> <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-php mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="na">assertSelect</span><span class="p">(</span> <span class="s1">'test'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="c1">// Table</span> <span class="p">[</span> <span class="s1">'first_name'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">'last_name'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">'street'</span> <span class="p">],</span> <span class="c1">// Fields to select</span> <span class="p">[],</span> <span class="c1">// Conditions</span> <span class="p">[</span> <span class="p">[</span> <span class="s1">'Jane'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">'Doe'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">'Broadway'</span> <span class="p">]</span> <span class="p">]</span> <span class="c1">// Expected values</span> <span class="p">);</span> </pre></div> <p>Here are some examples from extensions that you can look at for reference: </p> <ul><li><a href="https://gerrit.wikimedia.org/g/mediawiki/extensions/BounceHandler/%2B/HEAD/tests/phpunit/PruneOldBounceRecordsTest.php" class="extiw" title="git:mediawiki/extensions/BounceHandler/+/HEAD/tests/phpunit/PruneOldBounceRecordsTest.php">PruneOldBounceRecordsTest</a> – from <a href="/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Extension:BounceHandler" title="Special:MyLanguage/Extension:BounceHandler">Extension:BounceHandler</a><span style="display:none"><a href="/wiki/Extension:BounceHandler" title="Extension:BounceHandler"> </a></span></li> <li><a href="https://gerrit.wikimedia.org/g/mediawiki/extensions/PageAssessments/%2B/HEAD/tests/phpunit/PageAssessmentsDAOTest.php" class="extiw" title="git:mediawiki/extensions/PageAssessments/+/HEAD/tests/phpunit/PageAssessmentsDAOTest.php">PageAssessmentsDAOTest</a> – from <a href="/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Extension:PageAssessments" title="Special:MyLanguage/Extension:PageAssessments">Extension:PageAssessments</a><span style="display:none"><a href="/wiki/Extension:PageAssessments" title="Extension:PageAssessments"> </a></span></li></ul> <p>Tests that are not in the <i>Database</i> group still run against a temporary cloned database (even if they ignore <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-php mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr"><span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="na">db</span></code> and instead use e.g. <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-php mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr"><span class="nx">wfGetDB</span><span class="p">()</span></code> directly); however, this database is only set up once for the whole test run, and not reset between test runs. Tests should avoid relying on this safety feature if possible. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Maintenance_scripts">Maintenance scripts</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Manual:PHP_unit_testing/Writing_unit_tests&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Maintenance scripts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Test cases for <a href="/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Maintenance_scripts" title="Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Maintenance scripts">maintenance scripts</a><span style="display:none"><a href="/wiki/Manual:Maintenance_scripts" title="Manual:Maintenance scripts"> </a></span> should inherit from <span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://doc.wikimedia.org/mediawiki-core/master/php/classMediaWiki_1_1Tests_1_1Maintenance_1_1MaintenanceBaseTestCase.html">MediaWiki\Tests\Maintenance\MaintenanceBaseTestCase</a></span>, to handle the different output channels used by maintenance scripts. </p><p>The base test case <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-php mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr"><span class="nx">setUp</span><span class="p">()</span></code> method will instantiate your <code>Maintenance</code> object for you, if you specify the class to construct by providing the mandatory <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-php mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr"><span class="nx">getMaintenanceClass</span><span class="p">()</span></code> in your subclass: </p> <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-php mw-content-ltr mw-highlight-lines" dir="ltr"><pre><span></span><span class="linenos" data-line="1"></span> <span class="k">public</span> <span class="k">function</span> <span class="nf">getMaintenanceClass</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="p">{</span> <span class="linenos" data-line="2"></span> <span class="k">return</span> <span class="nx">PurgeScoreCache</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="na">class</span><span class="p">;</span> <span class="linenos" data-line="3"></span> <span class="p">}</span> </pre></div> <p>In the unlikely event that you want to do something special to instantiate the class under test, you can override the <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-php mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr"><span class="nx">createMaintenance</span><span class="p">()</span></code> method, but hopefully this isn't needed. </p><p>By default, the maintenance script output will be suppressed and ignored. If you wish to test output (this is a good idea), use code like: </p> <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-php mw-content-ltr mw-highlight-lines" dir="ltr"><pre><span></span><span class="linenos" data-line="1"></span><span class="k">use</span> <span class="nx">MediaWiki\Tests\Maintenance\MaintenanceBaseTestCase</span><span class="p">;</span> <span class="linenos" data-line="2"></span> <span class="linenos" data-line="3"></span><span class="k">class</span> <span class="nc">PurgeScoreCacheTest</span> <span class="k">extends</span> <span class="nx">MaintenanceBaseTestCase</span> <span class="p">{</span> <span class="linenos" data-line="4"></span> <span class="k">public</span> <span class="k">function</span> <span class="nf">testNotAThing</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="p">{</span> <span class="linenos" data-line="5"></span> <span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="na">maintenance</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="na">loadWithArgv</span><span class="p">(</span> <span class="p">[</span> <span class="s1">'--model'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">'not_a_thing'</span> <span class="p">]</span> <span class="p">);</span> <span class="linenos" data-line="6"></span> <span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="na">maintenance</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="na">execute</span><span class="p">();</span> <span class="linenos" data-line="7"></span> <span class="linenos" data-line="8"></span> <span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="na">expectOutputRegex</span><span class="p">(</span> <span class="s1">'/skipping \'not_a_thing\' model/'</span> <span class="p">);</span> <span class="linenos" data-line="9"></span> <span class="p">}</span> <span class="linenos" data-line="10"></span><span class="p">}</span> </pre></div> <div class="navbox-styles nomobile"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r6230902">.mw-parser-output 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title="Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Coding conventions/PHP">PHP</a><span style="display:none"><a href="/wiki/Manual:Coding_conventions/PHP" title="Manual:Coding conventions/PHP"> </a></span></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Manual:PHP_unit_testing/Writing_unit_tests#Test_conventions" title="Special:MyLanguage/Manual:PHP unit testing/Writing unit tests">PHPUnit</a></b><span style="display:none"><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Test_conventions"> </a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Coding_conventions/JavaScript" title="Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Coding conventions/JavaScript">JavaScript</a><span style="display:none"><a href="/wiki/Manual:Coding_conventions/JavaScript" title="Manual:Coding conventions/JavaScript"> </a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Coding_conventions/CSS" title="Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Coding conventions/CSS">CSS</a><span style="display:none"><a href="/wiki/Manual:Coding_conventions/CSS" title="Manual:Coding conventions/CSS"> </a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Coding_conventions/Selenium" title="Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Coding conventions/Selenium">Selenium</a><span style="display:none"><a href="/wiki/Manual:Coding_conventions/Selenium" title="Manual:Coding conventions/Selenium"> </a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Coding_conventions/Lua" title="Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Coding conventions/Lua">Lua</a><span style="display:none"><a href="/wiki/Manual:Coding_conventions/Lua" title="Manual:Coding conventions/Lua"> </a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Coding_conventions/Python" title="Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Coding conventions/Python">Python</a><span style="display:none"><a href="/wiki/Manual:Coding_conventions/Python" title="Manual:Coding conventions/Python"> </a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Coding_conventions/Java" title="Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Coding 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