CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '91347aedd837406a',cH: 'KTgrPedlXF0TXR96gLx6nhBq8beOVfKXJNd5UFzpTcM-1739781705-1.2.1.1-3NGOTafMdYaRwehd07nbH0fRUk.CXdr_SQsNrxaUUO606eDsgNZhp0.A4ka6_1oz',cUPMDTk: "\/5292\/json?__cf_chl_tk=Me87ixGO0SNDOhsqdErcPd6iPRLs69xTwzYJlMkp5_g-1739781705-1.0.1.1-efK23bQ83uyFB6c6OjZSb6DvjOEdK8mSm._EOgycWZ0",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1739781705',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/5292\/json?__cf_chl_f_tk=Me87ixGO0SNDOhsqdErcPd6iPRLs69xTwzYJlMkp5_g-1739781705-1.0.1.1-efK23bQ83uyFB6c6OjZSb6DvjOEdK8mSm._EOgycWZ0",md: "rCYfTvwjj7UJldBRoxBdBv6XlpgnZ45t2Eb90WokGcA-1739781705-1.2.1.1-kjLay7id0BoQZ9TIbqchw_uRNelE1dfmqufBu7HG6uBJFREpLzOOom3YUemzkIJu1Rj7svJVghfYrEfnlgg2tMujIPw06pro2pPW_KYjILp5H0KkH89jt_BqwjtQVyIhzQtkEUFBlz4Rd2tY.yQHhPl3E5AtywLgOSf5pw8M1mEW3FzGYQD8Iaf2SmHaS1gw8XTaItA9fZWQ2fs11uzqelxNLtb3BmMOhEm7nFM8zk.xkuw9SehdwvIRXlC6ANaNKNe6c5Z0TlZUKvQL6yBG_4KKJKfbv8RShEJZzEfTZG8NfI8V.t7whhorXo4zTro5EtStsF0U2WrDV11XdSiXkF3UOHD7nS9hlJIrPgfJ.wCQzhz0118MQY2DhMDJq.NjiX_vaUgRoZF0MuHyOuVUXTEhBmLMRgz7Si6iVXMWxd2vUZqYlPGzFuDOaoF1_d.eA912iW8GvTA.IlZ6e68cCNyvSj5xBmRmSDMaECiCCw_YDgmeWEwIkmuf5fpSLc0sELCL9B3jbcZ06.Y5ivjo4MAuynqzz.Kkdk.8xPINfq1fNxqij9AePf.l_jtYzoXQzQ63Z71H5hI8ZOsRB80YGDHAkIPZidq1QyfF0yqNhsM23UYK84r7oLSmpWUu5K0e.2MXpE0ef0drg6P2JQXYfdmmGt.9VymPQDLZ2DKNp9UJYZbYLURp4HVidQs88BjHstqtoQE4vxSuzw.WTRXZVoo05lbPcPxVU.4tdncqj7gOwhAZVhjKKtE830Hwzf3h4t2V_XHjOVvFv37d5E9IEz4bACq7hUvmZ3V_9cmClJUBEHJ2WIV7PssUxDE4VuLKDE2iB6rMkWMSSLFs0FYJ1bSxhaQLHoJ2G3KEWoWyNKbbiMgkXFJMNxLZqyDqjI7sdLlWEBE2493HQcXHVClHfYdfdXx07tPGfJoVOep1m5mTkc4uGefnIvYl8J7PWE52TSrZiywWt0kv.KXCXlrEN_UMQh5x8WQGg_IsDS9QmkyQbUpq9_JDJ9x3dqEnrGPHKYEs.CTZqbcA8o6u1Z2f.BjaWyipmrP6wN5WX89sKOk8azoWiCHzfxRd_mNTom2qihu7zbYj0RCpriKbytYx8X1n7frUV0mJSO6dk6zx4ZoaQ7YzC.SyYQKEFF5yePU1TxMvuD7MSKaWgas71H5R5OmxkqgJGoGrtQu0xvnbxxZyiR5aR2L46JBMWIVnz2D8bapGXj5xrBJK5wjf9Nj1FQjTAhariHvarGcrQRrGmGYuMsT8fMWADJ0fSVPiYwkdG1PIdjD1aqpyJgQx26hFnhd6wHmA.WvKJeGBF6H3RZVvSGUlcoUER_0oMbLhQNtOsshaMQZebMucxX12wxCNCdclAl8QLUFXk566w0uxZjJBtYiqg7aOVW4IOQbKjWU9e0SEM.HBPczrbQJtDylzQSqCB3PxCHSuGlWa8Ka1ap3q2kaAG6D4slfPw7Hru2ZLaLPjEsUxRtuzfSXPLvJFDSun8Q7MlHwnP38m06ykxBy.rCvHus7SK.V.hVh5iWtutxnaCuaaZhqljt7FJjQHV2chd73Qu3.CjEyg_tdnYkVU7NW0M7cslv3RVrGLwlf_iQXsRW3zPfyW9_6X77w6Ej3IXFQcwAfldO9d7.aKAvSj98jfVHrJ4VZ3wLRUpDAdvNnf5UnjUwWYuXKcc8Ffdd4mWCH7mXpx2xTm6NSUn3Lzw2zF9aSB9.F3OhBydLfVHarp.om5_SC_Pd1qxpGrMcln9q.tQ1nlJXTEYsGOWiIZQi.UJGherDCUmKCx6m545_kYml3.PhV0KOLg1mZ3BVa7_UirBCmfS4FrJeunFPaIwVpgv0oyPWrmfCkiZy2210Bhkwzu3dPcfd8hDILgMA70dc3SooAbzTin87FDJyI",mdrd: "PWCVQK_.qGkLeI40PvulkGTdsD6dhf4Fz8WQNvxrG0E-1739781705-1.2.1.1-MwJqYjblCTVjXTzECNuOxNUEiD0epRVTEykmNCeUmRsmxm.my3JbXhLHjgs2g9LdyWQUIaFz4WVXoPxNVXM0N16lEMT.WvHnmBXxhvkXUZjRujqpNJbNvD1xEKRD1MMKJ1PU4GcKVWbJ9R9yt6Fy0zLx8XzkLROEPCnwHK_Wwf6SAPj8UxoM33cXJNii1ntIYoBn06tfrG2d8myxvvBvtIAM.7pcg0vHpNFc5W6A6.v_2EtUoRdBpnK5ZyJ8bgyiYKCAGBCVefC3A_QO_ACF634Ltffkoj.bmln_vf7XOi623E8dmiyPJG8HzbvlL7IcDty6Ge3TfJtlTTGlq7hN9UgWbBdhhOw3M0wMgcbcnkq3Lr36Una05ynD9Tl80ooiHF.KNkCbN.j5L2CwFi86PTNeuIWbzwZLHVV53my3btQInYwq3pWu6tWSfqJNZmoLQDTUb0TnWnvHA4fijcPs.1DOVOdqYrff4fjG1xBvb0Q3jbuKhvjAwHzK16KupgVj3h9m_1WVnW.Tff6RIHktXzDo2a0N2uFnqY8O7I5L4AHbgMFHMnAnwT2hJYkwbod93UXL8AaPZiq1ZohMecT5wEphXWYgZPJdgiP8eubZcGeozmgEYeL1Hp0V6H.ot.eLD7Yivl7s9BM0HzlMHQS86izf62BGimrg0bUxfGXa_QJdrNRXAtgdEIlE5xvzIjziAyVdGPWevRSV0Vq2kBb3RBWdFlvT2n8T_PNpfyqhJXcuNvL84kKp_.9QYim688Jn_07LSWn2VrN4i4qTUkopFnquNhK2T.LgWw.fiFRzlEK_DiPqRNfqIjf4NYHzd0IfGskWoP_ao8kRzenNDVSDLcfwaNciRh3emyJisB6FVVMuIBg4MhN7GJapWY8p6BvdUugqtzlTm8Ah9ICeeD_cHCF7vdfPKx9DLxog8yArIVMV4_twwEEK6gftbLRwIoZTGKg6b_UqeVpf9cwoY5KefAHCqTZtwS00u_ckzZSfKYA9bw90787zlpYxKu7pWF4J8rHe3VpqOWj4QWbSR_wtmJiNdXTEugFgSsIYi.Yov7VH7LxtaCZ4NaByBSfSUAvgL2.dvvQPk052SMFZJy17mqIJMKWy2aqTyEYjDrKrD.UiJCGtwImoA9W7MsscUkBe_Jp4NjgR2Ibsmp0a21T8Rgr4c6saVWD.h5Lhhv53SVjnh40du1kLMygkeUKaIH2wn5yTixOCqykBmK0Fn2.SOvJgPUehaaIQZ7K7igwmcy0rAvgZMruHMy38XXoxjFQHn_xTjO5bp6LFXline0yYdOVQTdimhi8Fa42kzwWbmu9fhSL5gJcKOvBp2y5rR5pEwTO0qjOXMDKEa_0qxvcn2lSvU5.5pNJtVxI1iKm2M1eVETxkB4_MY8ZOMK9R_Up4HHLDrT2r9JkjUsitVyZdkPcOzJ.DN2I1L9qK4Ol3O30M.24XoGRqnQyG8WE8IQSLmwRkwI_4jk6zIPvehCUIgxcGzxeLpJhsacArj0RwlXLvX1zA7a_CNA8vHpUwD5fZtgcpttK.haXsKvmse.4TtEbKV5SGTF3wae7i5Ua8eCteuojMFgq9A.izFmPuzTQDdhDY5Reg.Bv5yGNbsTvF.EX0DfTtFZ2m7n98SqfYyAowPElSKbAZdWFBNgo2L8KeUBE9XLU6UyKt_bus5YWpOAeGKkuj8p6dAgAQmxdGMbbqLgIEK4cuDVp1BSOKqDGPFVFSkyjDNdi4Q80XFrOjhDcNTuNE..jHmLDu.CmxFo42I5Cebb6ARPmkcwFt5WVgBAaTKLGUBO_kDd9k4K8.X..1mHvRJJiMOMiIjUkkHJpuKHJkb.8xH1T_SGSN51V4968vqnIWhjk7IFYm7lJFO61cV.ssHQV_uM40Cqb8hi.eGnbwip8KEmOlVkWEyBRYvRiTdXeLsQHnqduEJvn088X3qEdmwTvWiycPsTZoYC9cwRCsF35j2pUbhyxRWiLO"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=91347aedd837406a';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/5292\/json?__cf_chl_rt_tk=Me87ixGO0SNDOhsqdErcPd6iPRLs69xTwzYJlMkp5_g-1739781705-1.0.1.1-efK23bQ83uyFB6c6OjZSb6DvjOEdK8mSm._EOgycWZ0" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>