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id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 16 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-16" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">16 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D9%8A%D9%88_%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B3_(%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%8A)" title="هيو توماس (سياسي) – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="هيو توماس (سياسي)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hugh_Thomas" title="Hugh Thomas – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Hugh Thomas" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hugh_Thomas,_Baron_Thomas_of_Swynnerton" title="Hugh Thomas, Baron Thomas of Swynnerton – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Hugh Thomas, Baron Thomas of Swynnerton" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hugh_Thomas" title="Hugh Thomas – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Hugh Thomas" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hugh_Thomas" title="Hugh Thomas – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Hugh Thomas" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hugh_Thomas" title="Hugh Thomas – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Hugh Thomas" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hugh_Thomas" title="Hugh Thomas – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Hugh Thomas" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hugh_Thomas" title="Hugh Thomas – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Hugh Thomas" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D9%8A%D9%88_%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B3_(%D9%85%D8%A4%D8%B1%D8%AE_%D9%85%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%85%D9%84%D9%83%D9%87_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%AF%D9%87)" title="هيو توماس (مؤرخ من المملكه المتحده) – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="هيو توماس (مؤرخ من المملكه المتحده)" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hugh_Thomas" title="Hugh Thomas – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Hugh Thomas" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hugh_Thomas" title="Hugh Thomas – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Hugh Thomas" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hugh_Thomas" title="Hugh Thomas – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Hugh Thomas" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81,_%D0%A5%D1%8C%D1%8E" title="Томас, Хью – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Томас, Хью" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hugh_Thomas" title="Hugh Thomas – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Hugh Thomas" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hugh_Thomas" title="Hugh Thomas – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Hugh Thomas" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a 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.infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%;"><div class="honorific-prefix" style="font-weight: normal;"><a href="/wiki/The_Right_Honourable" title="The Right Honourable">The Right Honourable</a></div><div class="fn" style="font-size:125%;">The Lord Thomas of Swynnerton</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Lord_Thomas_of_Swynnerton_2017.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/49/Lord_Thomas_of_Swynnerton_2017.png/220px-Lord_Thomas_of_Swynnerton_2017.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="205" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/4/49/Lord_Thomas_of_Swynnerton_2017.png 1.5x" data-file-width="327" data-file-height="305" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Member_of_the_House_of_Lords" class="mw-redirect" title="Member of the House of Lords">Member of the House of Lords</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Lord_Temporal" class="mw-redirect" title="Lord Temporal">Lord Temporal</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />16 June 1981 – 7 May 2017<br /><a href="/wiki/Life_Peerage" class="mw-redirect" title="Life Peerage">Life Peerage</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1931-10-21</span>)</span>21 October 1931<br /><a href="/wiki/Windsor,_Berkshire" title="Windsor, Berkshire">Windsor</a>, <a href="/wiki/Berkshire" title="Berkshire">Berkshire</a>, England</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">7 May 2017<span style="display:none">(2017-05-07)</span> (aged 85)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Political party</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Crossbench" class="mw-redirect" title="Crossbench">Crossbench</a> (1999–2017)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Other political<br />affiliations</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Labour_Party_(UK)" title="Labour Party (UK)">Labour</a> (until 1974)<br /><a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)" title="Conservative Party (UK)">Conservative</a> (1979–1997)<br /><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Democrats_(UK)" title="Liberal Democrats (UK)">Liberal Democrats</a> (1997–1999)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data">Hon. Vanessa Jebb</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Children</th><td class="infobox-data">3</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top: 1px solid right;"><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Hugh Swynnerton Thomas, Baron Thomas of Swynnerton</b> (21 October 1931 – 7 May 2017)<sup id="cite_ref-PRESTON_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PRESTON-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was an English <a href="/wiki/Historian" title="Historian">historian</a> and writer, best known for his book <i><a href="/wiki/The_Spanish_Civil_War_(book)" title="The Spanish Civil War (book)">The Spanish Civil War</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life">Early life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hugh_Thomas,_Baron_Thomas_of_Swynnerton&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Thomas was born on 21 October 1931 in <a href="/wiki/Windsor,_Berkshire" title="Windsor, Berkshire">Windsor</a>, England, to Hugh Whitelegge Thomas, a colonial commissioner, and his wife Margery Augusta Angelo, <i><a href="/wiki/N%C3%A9e" class="mw-redirect" title="Née">née</a></i> Swynnerton.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sir <a href="/wiki/Shenton_Thomas" title="Shenton Thomas">Shenton Thomas</a> was his uncle.<sup id="cite_ref-PRESTON_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PRESTON-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was educated at <a href="/wiki/Sherborne_School" title="Sherborne School">Sherborne School</a> in <a href="/wiki/Dorset" title="Dorset">Dorset</a>, before going up to <a href="/wiki/Queens%27_College,_Cambridge" title="Queens' College, Cambridge">Queens' College, Cambridge</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-PRESTON_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PRESTON-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> where he was a major scholar and later an Honorary Fellow. Thomas gained a <a href="/wiki/British_undergraduate_degree_classification" title="British undergraduate degree classification">first class</a> in Part I of the History <a href="/wiki/Tripos" title="Tripos">Tripos</a> in 1952, and the following year was president of the <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_Union_Society" class="mw-redirect" title="Cambridge Union Society">Cambridge Union Society</a>. He also studied at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Paris" title="University of Paris">Sorbonne</a> in Paris. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Career">Career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hugh_Thomas,_Baron_Thomas_of_Swynnerton&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>From 1954 to 1957, Thomas worked in the <a href="/wiki/Foreign_Office" class="mw-redirect" title="Foreign Office">Foreign Office</a> partly as secretary of the British Delegation to the sub-committee of the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Office_for_Disarmament_Affairs" title="United Nations Office for Disarmament Affairs">UN Disarmament Commission</a>. From 1966 to 1975, he was Professor of History at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Reading" title="University of Reading">University of Reading</a>, and chairman of the European committee. He was then chairman of the neoliberal <a href="/wiki/Centre_for_Policy_Studies" title="Centre for Policy Studies">Centre for Policy Studies</a> in London from 1979 to 1991. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Politics">Politics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hugh_Thomas,_Baron_Thomas_of_Swynnerton&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Politics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Until 1974, Thomas was a member of the <a href="/wiki/Labour_Party_(UK)" title="Labour Party (UK)">Labour Party</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was created a <a href="/wiki/Life_peer" title="Life peer">life peer</a> as <b>Baron Thomas of Swynnerton,</b> <i>of <a href="/wiki/Notting_Hill" title="Notting Hill">Notting Hill</a> in <a href="/wiki/Greater_London" title="Greater London">Greater London</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Letters_patent" title="Letters patent">letters patent</a> dated 16 June 1981, and sat as a <a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)" title="Conservative Party (UK)">Conservative</a>, before he joined the <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Democrats_(UK)" title="Liberal Democrats (UK)">Liberal Democrats</a> in late 1997.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He later sat as a <a href="/wiki/Crossbencher" title="Crossbencher">crossbencher</a>. </p><p>He wrote political works favouring <a href="/wiki/European_integration" title="European integration">European integration</a>, such as <i>Europe: the Radical Challenge</i> (1973), as well as histories. He was also the author of three novels: <i>The World's Game</i> (1957), <i>The Oxygen Age</i> (1958), and <i>Klara</i> (1988). Thomas's 1961 book <i><a href="/wiki/The_Spanish_Civil_War_(book)" title="The Spanish Civil War (book)">The Spanish Civil War</a></i> won the <a href="/wiki/Somerset_Maugham_Award" title="Somerset Maugham Award">Somerset Maugham Award</a> for 1962. A significantly revised and enlarged third edition was published in 1977; further editions were published in 1999 and 2012. <i><a href="/wiki/Cuba" title="Cuba">Cuba</a>, or the Pursuit of Freedom</i> (1971) is a book of over 1,500 pages tracing the <a href="/wiki/History_of_Cuba" title="History of Cuba">history of Cuba</a> from <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spanish</a> colonial rule until the <a href="/wiki/Cuban_Revolution" title="Cuban Revolution">Cuban Revolution</a>. In 1985, he signed a petition against the <a href="/wiki/Sandinista_National_Liberation_Front" title="Sandinista National Liberation Front">Sandinista National Liberation Front</a> of <a href="/wiki/Nicaragua" title="Nicaragua">Nicaragua</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in support of the <a href="/wiki/Contras" title="Contras">Contras</a>, an anti-Sandinista paramilitary group. </p><p>In 1990 he was one of the leading historians behind the setting up of the History Curriculum Association. The Association advocated a more knowledge-based history curriculum in schools. It expressed "profound disquiet" at the way history was being taught in the classroom and observed that the integrity of history was threatened.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Personal_life">Personal life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hugh_Thomas,_Baron_Thomas_of_Swynnerton&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Personal life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Thomas was married to Hon. Vanessa Jebb, a <a href="/wiki/Painter" class="mw-redirect" title="Painter">painter</a> and daughter of <a href="/wiki/Gladwyn_Jebb" title="Gladwyn Jebb">Gladwyn Jebb</a>, the first Acting <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a> <a href="/wiki/Secretary-General_of_the_United_Nations" title="Secretary-General of the United Nations">Secretary-General</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_ambassadors_of_the_United_Kingdom_to_France" title="List of ambassadors of the United Kingdom to France">British Ambassador to France</a>. They had three children: Inigo, Isambard and Isabella.<sup id="cite_ref-PRESTON_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PRESTON-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Awards">Awards</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hugh_Thomas,_Baron_Thomas_of_Swynnerton&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Awards"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Thomas won the <a href="/wiki/Somerset_Maugham_Award" title="Somerset Maugham Award">Somerset Maugham Award</a> (1962), the Nonino Prize (2009), the <a href="/wiki/Boccaccio" class="mw-redirect" title="Boccaccio">Boccaccio</a> Prize (2009), the Gabarrón Prize (2008) and the Calvo Serer Prize (2009). The <a href="/wiki/French_Government" class="mw-redirect" title="French Government">French Government</a> appointed him <a href="/wiki/Commandeur" class="mw-redirect" title="Commandeur">Commander</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_Arts_and_Letters" class="mw-redirect" title="Order of Arts and Letters">Order of Arts and Letters</a> in 2008. </p><p>Thomas also received the <a href="/wiki/Grand_Cross" title="Grand Cross">Grand Cross</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_Isabella_the_Catholic" title="Order of Isabella the Catholic">Royal Order of Isabella the Catholic</a><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> from Spain, as well as the <a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexican</a> <a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Aztec_Eagle" title="Order of the Aztec Eagle">Order of the Aztec Eagle</a>, the Joaquín Romero Murube Prize in <a href="/wiki/Seville" title="Seville">Seville</a> (2013) and the Grand Cross of the <a href="/wiki/Civil_Order_of_Alfonso_X_the_Wise" class="mw-redirect" title="Civil Order of Alfonso X the Wise">Civil Order of Alfonso X the Wise</a> (2014).<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Works">Works</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hugh_Thomas,_Baron_Thomas_of_Swynnerton&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Works"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>Disarmament – The Way Ahead</i> <a href="/wiki/Fabian_Society" title="Fabian Society">Fabian Society</a> (1957).</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Spanish_Civil_War_(book)" title="The Spanish Civil War (book)">The Spanish Civil War</a></i> (1961); <a href="/wiki/Penguin_Books" title="Penguin Books">Penguin Books</a> Ltd (1968); 2nd revised edition (1977); 4th revised edition (2003). A new revised edition in 2011<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> commemorated the book's reaching 50 consecutive years in print; it was published in 15 languages. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/spanishcivilwar0000thom">online</a></li> <li><i>Cuba or the Pursuit of Freedom</i> (1971); revised editions (1998), (2002), (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/cubapursuitoffre0000unse">online</a></li> <li><i>Europe: The Radical Challenge</i> (1973).</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/John_Strachey_(politician)" title="John Strachey (politician)">John Strachey</a></i> (1973). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/johnstrachey00thom">online</a></li> <li><i>An Unfinished History of the World</i> (1979); published in the United States as <i>A History of the World</i>, then as <i>World History</i> (1998); and under the original title in London (by <a href="/wiki/Hamish_Hamilton" title="Hamish Hamilton">Hamish Hamilton</a>) in 1979, and with revised editions in 1981 and 1982. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/historyofworld0000thom">online edition</a></li> <li><i>The Revolution On Balance</i> (1983), Washington, DC; <a href="/wiki/Cuban_American_National_Foundation" title="Cuban American National Foundation">Cuban American National Foundation</a> 1983 (CANF pamphlet #5). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/RevolutionOnBalance">online</a></li> <li><i>Armed Truce</i> (1986). A history of the beginning of the <a href="/wiki/Cold_War" title="Cold War">Cold War</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/armedtrucebeginn00thom">online</a></li> <li><i>Ever Closer Union</i> (1991).</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Spanish_conquest_of_the_Aztec_Empire" title="Spanish conquest of the Aztec Empire">The Conquest of Mexico</a></i> (1993); published in the United States as <i>Conquest: <a href="/wiki/Moctezuma_II" title="Moctezuma II">Montezuma</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hern%C3%A1n_Cort%C3%A9s" title="Hernán Cortés">Cortés</a> and the Fall of Old Mexico</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/conquestmontezum00thom">online</a></li> <li><i>The <a href="/wiki/History_of_slavery" title="History of slavery">Slave Trade</a>: The History of the <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_slave_trade" title="Atlantic slave trade">Atlantic Slave Trade</a> 1440–1870</i> (1997); <a href="/wiki/Simon_%26_Schuster" title="Simon & Schuster">Simon & Schuster</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/slavetradestoryo00thom">online</a></li> <li><i>Who Is Who of the <a href="/wiki/Conquistadors" class="mw-redirect" title="Conquistadors">Conquistadors</a></i> (2000). A study of those who fought for Cortés.</li> <li><i>Rivers of Gold</i> (2003); the first book in a trilogy about the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Empire" title="Spanish Empire">Spanish Empire</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/riversofgoldrise00thom">online</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Beaumarchais" title="Pierre Beaumarchais">Beaumarchais</a> in <a href="/wiki/Seville" title="Seville">Seville</a></i> (2006); <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-300-12103-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-300-12103-2">978-0-300-12103-2</a>.</li> <li><i>Eduardo Barreiros and the Recovery of Spain</i> (2009); a biography of Eduardo Barreiros.</li> <li><i>The Golden Age: The Spanish Empire of <a href="/wiki/Charles_V,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor">Charles V</a></i> (2010); the second book in a trilogy about the Spanish Empire. Published in the United States as <i>The Golden Empire: Spain, Charles V, and the Creation of America</i> (2011).</li> <li><i>The World's Game</i>; a novel (1957).</li> <li><i>The Oxygen Age</i>; a novel (1958).</li> <li><i>Klara</i>, a novel (1988).</li> <li><i>The <a href="/wiki/Suez" title="Suez">Suez</a> Affair</i> (1966); an analysis of the <a href="/wiki/Suez_Crisis" title="Suez Crisis">Suez Crisis</a> of 1956.</li> <li><i>World Without End: The Global Empire of <a href="/wiki/Philip_II_of_Spain" title="Philip II of Spain">Philip II</a></i> (2014); the third volume in a trilogy about the Spanish Empire.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Arms">Arms</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hugh_Thomas,_Baron_Thomas_of_Swynnerton&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Arms"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="max-width: 100%"> <caption class="nowrap">Coat of arms of Hugh Thomas, Baron Thomas of Swynnerton </caption> <tbody><tr> <td style="min-width:175px;"> <dl><dt>Coronet</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Coronet" title="Coronet">Coronet of a Baron</a></dd> <dt>Crest</dt> <dd>Upon a Chapeau Gules, turned up Ermine, issuant from a representation of the Torre d’Arnolfo on the Palazzo Vicariale at Scarperia in Italy Argent, a Bull’s Head Sable, armed Or.</dd> <dt>Escutcheon</dt> <dd>Quarterly Argent and Or, a Cross formée flory Sable, surmounted by a Dragon’s Head erased Gules.</dd> <dt>Supporters</dt> <dd>On either side a Falcon wings expanded and addorsed Argent, beaked, armed and belled Or, legged Gules, gorged with a Torse Or and Gules, and holding in the beak a Quill Argent, penned Or.</dd> <dt>Compartment</dt> <dd>A Grassy Mound proper, thereon a Bar embowed Or, charged with a Barrulet embowed wavy Azure.</dd> <dt>Motto</dt> <dd><b>LATE BUT IN TIME</b></dd></dl> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hugh_Thomas,_Baron_Thomas_of_Swynnerton&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-PRESTON-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-PRESTON_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-PRESTON_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-PRESTON_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-PRESTON_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPreston2017" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Paul_Preston" title="Paul Preston">Preston, Paul</a> (9 May 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/books/2017/may/09/lord-thomas-of-swynnerton-obituary">"Lord Thomas of Swynnerton"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 May</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Lord+Thomas+of+Swynnerton&rft.date=2017-05-09&rft.aulast=Preston&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fbooks%2F2017%2Fmay%2F09%2Flord-thomas-of-swynnerton-obituary&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHugh+Thomas%2C+Baron+Thomas+of+Swynnerton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGuimón2017" class="citation news cs1">Guimón, Pablo (8 May 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://elpais.com/elpais/2017/05/08/inenglish/1494240641_585596.html?rel=mas">"Obituary: Hugh Thomas, author of seminal book on the Spanish Civil War"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/El_Pa%C3%ADs" title="El País">El País</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 May</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=El+Pa%C3%ADs&rft.atitle=Obituary%3A+Hugh+Thomas%2C+author+of+seminal+book+on+the+Spanish+Civil+War&rft.date=2017-05-08&rft.aulast=Guim%C3%B3n&rft.aufirst=Pablo&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Felpais.com%2Felpais%2F2017%2F05%2F08%2Finenglish%2F1494240641_585596.html%3Frel%3Dmas&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHugh+Thomas%2C+Baron+Thomas+of+Swynnerton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110720171502/http://hispanismo.cervantes.es/Hispanistas_ficha.asp?DOCN=7538">"Hugh Thomas (Baron Thomas of Swynnnerton)"</a>. <i>Portal del hispanismo</i> (in Spanish). 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 May</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Portal+del+hispanismo&rft.atitle=Hugh+Thomas+%28Baron+Thomas+of+Swynnnerton%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhispanismo.cervantes.es%2FHispanistas_ficha.asp%3FDOCN%3D7538&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHugh+Thomas%2C+Baron+Thomas+of+Swynnerton" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_bot:_original_URL_status_unknown" title="Category:CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCowell2017" class="citation news cs1">Cowell, Alan (11 May 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2017/05/10/books/hugh-thomas-dead-british-historian-novelist.html">"Hugh Thomas, Prodigious Author of Spanish History, Dies at 85"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>. p. B14<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 May</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Hugh+Thomas%2C+Prodigious+Author+of+Spanish+History%2C+Dies+at+85&rft.pages=B14&rft.date=2017-05-11&rft.aulast=Cowell&rft.aufirst=Alan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2017%2F05%2F10%2Fbooks%2Fhugh-thomas-dead-british-historian-novelist.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHugh+Thomas%2C+Baron+Thomas+of+Swynnerton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.prnewswire.co.uk/news-releases/former-head-of-conservative-think-tank-joins-the-liberal-democrats-156560185.html">"Former Head of Conservative Think-Tank Joins The Liberal Democrats /Pr Newswire Uk/"</a>. <i>Prnewswire.co.uk</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 January</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Prnewswire.co.uk&rft.atitle=Former+Head+of+Conservative+Think-Tank+Joins+The+Liberal+Democrats+%2FPr+Newswire+Uk%2F&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.prnewswire.co.uk%2Fnews-releases%2Fformer-head-of-conservative-think-tank-joins-the-liberal-democrats-156560185.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHugh+Thomas%2C+Baron+Thomas+of+Swynnerton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGazette48657" class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/48657/page/8253">"No. 48657"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_London_Gazette" title="The London Gazette">The London Gazette</a></i>. 19 June 1981. p. 8253.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+London+Gazette&rft.atitle=No.+48657&rft.pages=8253&rft.date=1981-06-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thegazette.co.uk%2FLondon%2Fissue%2F48657%2Fpage%2F8253&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHugh+Thomas%2C+Baron+Thomas+of+Swynnerton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.monde-diplomatique.fr/document/bhlnicaragua">"Quand Bernard-Henri Lévy pétitionnait contre le régime légal du Nicaragua"</a>. <i>Le Monde diplomatique</i>. 1 October 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 December</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Le+Monde+diplomatique&rft.atitle=Quand+Bernard-Henri+L%C3%A9vy+p%C3%A9titionnait+contre+le+r%C3%A9gime+l%C3%A9gal+du+Nicaragua&rft.date=2009-10-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.monde-diplomatique.fr%2Fdocument%2Fbhlnicaragua&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHugh+Thomas%2C+Baron+Thomas+of+Swynnerton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Daily Telegraph 19 March 1990</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141229221014/http://www.boe.es/boe/dias/2001/04/07/pdfs/A13169-13169.pdf">"Otras disposicions"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Bolet%C3%ADn_Oficial_del_Estado" title="Boletín Oficial del Estado">Boletín Oficial del Estado</a></i> (in Spanish). 7 April 2001. Archived from the original on 29 December 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 May</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bolet%C3%ADn+Oficial+del+Estado&rft.atitle=Otras+disposicions&rft.date=2001-04-07&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.boe.es%2Fboe%2Fdias%2F2001%2F04%2F07%2Fpdfs%2FA13169-13169.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHugh+Thomas%2C+Baron+Thomas+of+Swynnerton" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_news" title="Template:Cite news">cite news</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_bot:_original_URL_status_unknown" title="Category:CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141229221320/http://www.boe.es/boe/dias/2014/12/27/pdfs/BOE-A-2014-13550.pdf">"Otras disposiciones"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Bolet%C3%ADn_Oficial_del_Estado" title="Boletín Oficial del Estado">Boletín Oficial del Estado</a></i> (in Spanish). 27 December 2014. Archived from the original on 29 December 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 May</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bolet%C3%ADn+Oficial+del+Estado&rft.atitle=Otras+disposiciones&rft.date=2014-12-27&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.boe.es%2Fboe%2Fdias%2F2014%2F12%2F27%2Fpdfs%2FBOE-A-2014-13550.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHugh+Thomas%2C+Baron+Thomas+of+Swynnerton" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_news" title="Template:Cite news">cite news</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_bot:_original_URL_status_unknown" title="Category:CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>The Spanish Civil War</i>: Revised Edition (Modern Library Paperbacks), <a href="/wiki/Modern_Library" title="Modern Library">Modern Library</a>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-375-75515-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-375-75515-6">978-0-375-75515-6</a></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hugh_Thomas,_Baron_Thomas_of_Swynnerton&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Restall, Matthew. "World Without End: Spain, Philip II, and the First Global Empire.' <i>Journal of World History</i> (2016) 27#3 pp. 571–576. Reviews the book and his career.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hugh_Thomas,_Baron_Thomas_of_Swynnerton&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikiquote-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/15px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/23px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/30px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></a></span> Spanish <a href="/wiki/Wikiquote" 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