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.geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Massachusetts_Supreme_Judicial_Court&params=42.359297_N_71.060954_W_type:landmark_region:US"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">42°21′33″N</span> <span class="longitude">71°03′39″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">42.359297°N 71.060954°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">42.359297; -71.060954</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Highest court in the U.S. state of Massachusetts</div> <p><span class="geo-inline-hidden noexcerpt"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Massachusetts_Supreme_Judicial_Court&params=42.359297_N_71.060954_W_type:landmark_region:US"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">42°21′33″N</span> <span class="longitude">71°03′39″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">42.359297°N 71.060954°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">42.359297; -71.060954</span></span></span></a></span></span> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background-color: #Ededed;">Supreme Judicial Court<br /> of Massachusetts</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="padding-bottom:0.4em; border-bottom:solid 1px #aaa;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Supreme_Judicial_Court_of_Massachusetts.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/3/31/Supreme_Judicial_Court_of_Massachusetts.png/200px-Supreme_Judicial_Court_of_Massachusetts.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/3/31/Supreme_Judicial_Court_of_Massachusetts.png/300px-Supreme_Judicial_Court_of_Massachusetts.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/3/31/Supreme_Judicial_Court_of_Massachusetts.png 2x" data-file-width="316" data-file-height="316" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Seal with motto "<i>Nulli vendemus, nulli negabimus aut differemus, rectum aut justitiam</i>" (To no one will we sell, to no one deny or delay right or justice)</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="padding-bottom:0.4em; border-bottom:solid 1px #aaa;"><a class="mw-kartographer-map notheme mw-kartographer-container center" style="width: 250px; height: 200px;" data-mw-kartographer="mapframe" data-style="osm-intl" data-width="250" data-height="200" data-zoom="13" data-lat="42.359097222222" data-lon="-71.06125" data-overlays="["_a1ab3d46545ed23c0882a49a58bbfd036ceaa17b"]" href="/wiki/Special:Map/13/42.359097222222/-71.06125/en"><img src="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,13,42.359097222222,-71.06125,250x200.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Massachusetts_Supreme_Judicial_Court&revid=1223002025&groups=_a1ab3d46545ed23c0882a49a58bbfd036ceaa17b" width="250" height="200" decoding="async" srcset="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,13,42.359097222222,-71.06125,250x200@2x.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Massachusetts_Supreme_Judicial_Court&revid=1223002025&groups=_a1ab3d46545ed23c0882a49a58bbfd036ceaa17b 2x" alt="Map" /></a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Massachusetts_Supreme_Judicial_Court&params=42_21_32.75_N_71_3_40.5_W_type:landmark"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">42°21′32.75″N</span> <span class="longitude">71°3′40.5″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">42.3590972°N 71.061250°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">42.3590972; -71.061250</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Established</th><td class="infobox-data">1692<span class="noprint">; 332 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">1692</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Location</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Boston" title="Boston">Boston</a>, <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a>, U.S.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Massachusetts_Supreme_Judicial_Court&params=42_21_32.75_N_71_3_40.5_W_"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">42°21′32.75″N</span> <span class="longitude">71°3′40.5″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">42.3590972°N 71.061250°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">42.3590972; -71.061250</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Composition method</th><td class="infobox-data">Executive appointments with <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Governor%27s_Council" title="Massachusetts Governor's Council">quasi-legislative consent</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Authorised by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Massachusetts" title="Constitution of Massachusetts">Massachusetts Constitution</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Appellate_court" title="Appellate court">Appeals to</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States" title="Supreme Court of the United States">Supreme Court of the United States</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Judge term length</th><td class="infobox-data">Mandatory retirement at 70 years of age</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Number of positions</th><td class="infobox-data">7</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mass.gov/courts/court-info/sjc/">Official website</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #Ededed;">Chief Justice</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Currently</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Kimberly_S._Budd" title="Kimberly S. Budd">Kimberly S. Budd</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Since</th><td class="infobox-data">December 1, 2020</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Lead position ends</th><td class="infobox-data">October 23, 2036</td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:John_Adams_Courthouse_SJC_Massachusetts.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/John_Adams_Courthouse_SJC_Massachusetts.JPG/200px-John_Adams_Courthouse_SJC_Massachusetts.JPG" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/John_Adams_Courthouse_SJC_Massachusetts.JPG/300px-John_Adams_Courthouse_SJC_Massachusetts.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/John_Adams_Courthouse_SJC_Massachusetts.JPG/400px-John_Adams_Courthouse_SJC_Massachusetts.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2304" data-file-height="1728" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/John_Adams_Courthouse" class="mw-redirect" title="John Adams Courthouse">John Adams Courthouse</a>, home to the SJC</figcaption></figure> <p>The <b>Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court</b> (<b>SJC</b>) is the <a href="/wiki/Court_of_last_resort" class="mw-redirect" title="Court of last resort">highest court</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_(U.S._state)" title="Commonwealth (U.S. state)">Commonwealth</a> of <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a>. Although the claim is disputed by the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_Pennsylvania" title="Supreme Court of Pennsylvania">Supreme Court of Pennsylvania</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the SJC claims the distinction of being the oldest continuously functioning appellate court in the <a href="/wiki/Americas" title="Americas">Americas</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with a recognized history dating to the establishment of the <b>Massachusetts Superior Court of Judicature</b> in 1692 under the charter of the <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Massachusetts_Bay" title="Province of Massachusetts Bay">Province of Massachusetts Bay</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Eichholz_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Eichholz-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>nb 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Although it was historically composed of four associate justices and one chief justice, the court is currently composed of six associate justices and one chief justice. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Massachusetts_Supreme_Judicial_Court&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court traces its history back to the high court of the British <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Massachusetts_Bay" title="Province of Massachusetts Bay">Province of Massachusetts Bay</a>, which was chartered in 1692. Under the terms of that charter, Governor Sir <a href="/wiki/William_Phips" title="William Phips">William Phips</a> established the Superior Court of Judicature as the province's local <a href="/wiki/Court_of_last_resort" class="mw-redirect" title="Court of last resort">court of last resort</a> (some of the court's decisions could be appealed to courts in England). When the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Massachusetts" title="Constitution of Massachusetts">Massachusetts State Constitution</a> was established in 1780, legislative and judicial records show that the state's high court, although renamed, was a continuation of provincial high court. During and after the period of the <a href="/wiki/American_Revolution" title="American Revolution">American Revolution</a> the court had members who were appointed by royal governors, the executive council of the <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Provincial_Congress" title="Massachusetts Provincial Congress">Massachusetts Provincial Congress</a> (which acted as the state's executive from 1775 to 1780), and governors elected under the state constitution. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Location_and_citation">Location and citation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Massachusetts_Supreme_Judicial_Court&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Location and citation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The SJC sits at the <a href="/wiki/John_Adams_Courthouse" class="mw-redirect" title="John Adams Courthouse">John Adams Courthouse</a>, One <a href="/wiki/Pemberton_Square_(Boston)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pemberton Square (Boston)">Pemberton Square</a>, <a href="/wiki/Boston,_Massachusetts" class="mw-redirect" title="Boston, Massachusetts">Boston, Massachusetts</a> 02108, which also houses the <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Appeals_Court" title="Massachusetts Appeals Court">Massachusetts Appeals Court</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Social_Law_Library" title="Social Law Library">Social Law Library</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The legal citation for the Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court is "Mass." </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Landmark_cases">Landmark cases</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Massachusetts_Supreme_Judicial_Court&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Landmark cases"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Boston_Massacre#Trials" title="Boston Massacre">Rex v. Preston</a></i> (1770) – Captain <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Preston_(British_Army_officer)" title="Thomas Preston (British Army officer)">Thomas Preston</a>, the Officer of the Day during the <a href="/wiki/Boston_Massacre" title="Boston Massacre">Boston Massacre</a>, was acquitted when the jury was unable to determine whether he had ordered the troops to fire. The defense counsel in the case was a young attorney named <a href="/wiki/John_Adams" title="John Adams">John Adams</a>, later the second <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">President of the United States</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Boston_Massacre#Trials" title="Boston Massacre">Rex v. Wemms, et al.</a></i> (1770) – Six soldiers involved in the <a href="/wiki/Boston_Massacre" title="Boston Massacre">Boston Massacre</a> were found not guilty, and two more – the only two proven to have fired – were found guilty of manslaughter.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_v._Nathaniel_Jennison" class="mw-redirect" title="Commonwealth v. Nathaniel Jennison">Commonwealth v. Nathaniel Jennison</a></i> (1783) – The Court declared <a href="/wiki/Slavery" title="Slavery">slavery</a> <a href="/wiki/Constitutionality" title="Constitutionality">unconstitutional</a> in the state of Massachusetts by allowing slaves to <a href="/wiki/Lawsuit" title="Lawsuit">sue</a> their masters for freedom. Boston lawyer, and member of the Massachusetts Constitutional Convention of 1779, <a href="/wiki/John_Lowell" title="John Lowell">John Lowell</a>, upon the adoption of Article I for inclusion in the <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Constitution" class="mw-redirect" title="Massachusetts Constitution">Massachusetts Constitution</a>, exclaimed: "I will render my services as a lawyer gratis to any slave suing for his freedom if it is withheld from him ..."<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> With this case, he fulfilled his promise. Slavery in Massachusetts was denied legal standing.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_v._Hunt" title="Commonwealth v. Hunt">Commonwealth v. Hunt</a></i> (1842) – The Court established that <a href="/wiki/Trade_unions" class="mw-redirect" title="Trade unions">trade unions</a> were not necessarily criminal or conspiring organizations if they did not advocate violence or illegal activities in their attempts to gain recognition through striking. This legalized the existence of non-<a href="/wiki/Socialist" class="mw-redirect" title="Socialist">socialist</a> or <a href="/wiki/Non-violent" class="mw-redirect" title="Non-violent">non-violent</a> trade organizations, though trade unions would continue to be harassed legally through <a href="/wiki/Anti-trust" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-trust">anti-trust</a> suits and injunctions.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Roberts_v._Boston" class="mw-redirect" title="Roberts v. Boston">Roberts v. Boston</a></i> (1850) – The Court established the "<a href="/wiki/Separate_but_equal" title="Separate but equal">separate but equal</a>" doctrine that would later be used in <i><a href="/wiki/Plessy_v._Ferguson" title="Plessy v. Ferguson">Plessy v. Ferguson</a></i> by maintaining that the law gave <a href="/wiki/School_board" class="mw-redirect" title="School board">school boards</a> complete authority in assigning students to schools and that they could do so along racial lines if they deemed it appropriate.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Goodridge_v._Department_of_Public_Health" title="Goodridge v. Department of Public Health">Goodridge v. Department of Public Health</a></i> (2003) – The Court ruled 4–3 that the denial of <a href="/wiki/Marriage_license" title="Marriage license">marriage licenses</a> to <a href="/wiki/Same-sex_couple" class="mw-redirect" title="Same-sex couple">same-sex couples</a> violated the Massachusetts Constitution. The decision was stayed for 180 days to allow the legislature time to amend the law to comply with the decision. In December 2003, the state Senate asked the SJC whether "civil unions" would comply with their ruling. The SJC replied that civil unions were insufficient, and civil marriage was required. The legislature made no further action, and the stay expired on May 17, 2004. The state began issuing marriage licenses to same-sex couples the same day. This decision was one of the first in the world to find that same-sex couples have a right to marry.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Composition">Composition</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Massachusetts_Supreme_Judicial_Court&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Composition"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Court consists of a <a href="/wiki/Chief_Justice" class="mw-redirect" title="Chief Justice">Chief Justice</a> and six <a href="/wiki/Associate_Justice" class="mw-redirect" title="Associate Justice">Associate Justices</a> appointed by the <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Massachusetts" title="Governor of Massachusetts">Governor of Massachusetts</a> with the consent of the <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Governor%27s_Council" title="Massachusetts Governor's Council">Governor's Council</a>. </p><p>The Justices hold office until the <a href="/wiki/Mandatory_retirement" title="Mandatory retirement">mandatory retirement</a> age of seventy, like all other Massachusetts judges since 1972. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Current_composition">Current composition</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Massachusetts_Supreme_Judicial_Court&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Current composition"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_justices_of_the_Massachusetts_Supreme_Judicial_Court" title="List of justices of the Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court">List of justices of the Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court</a></div> <p>As of February 28, 2024<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Massachusetts_Supreme_Judicial_Court&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, </p> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Justice </th> <th>Born </th> <th>Joined </th> <th>Mandatory retirement </th> <th>Appointed by </th> <th>Law school </th></tr> <tr> <td><span data-sort-value="Budd, Kimberly S."><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Kimberly_S._Budd" title="Kimberly S. Budd">Kimberly S. Budd</a></span></span></span>, <i>Chief Justice</i> </td> <td><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday">1966-10-23</span>) </span>October 23, 1966<span class="noprint ForceAgeToShow"> (age 58)</span> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000002016-08-24-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">August 24, 2016</span><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>2036 </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6"><a href="/wiki/Charlie_Baker" title="Charlie Baker">Charlie Baker</a> (R) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Harvard_Law_School" title="Harvard Law School">Harvard</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span data-sort-value="Gaziano, Frank"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Frank_Gaziano" title="Frank Gaziano">Frank Gaziano</a></span></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday">1963-09-08</span>) </span>September 8, 1963<span class="noprint ForceAgeToShow"> (age 61)</span> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000002016-08-18-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">August 18, 2016</span> </td> <td>2034 </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6"><a href="/wiki/Charlie_Baker" title="Charlie Baker">Charlie Baker</a> (R) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Suffolk_University_Law_School" title="Suffolk University Law School">Suffolk</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span data-sort-value="Kafker, Scott L."><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Scott_L._Kafker" title="Scott L. Kafker">Scott L. Kafker</a></span></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday">1959-04-24</span>) </span>April 24, 1959<span class="noprint ForceAgeToShow"> (age 65)</span> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000002017-08-21-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">August 21, 2017</span> </td> <td>2029 </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6"><a href="/wiki/Charlie_Baker" title="Charlie Baker">Charlie Baker</a> (R) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/University_of_Chicago_Law_School" title="University of Chicago Law School">Chicago</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span data-sort-value="Wendlandt, Dalila Argaez"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Dalila_Argaez_Wendlandt" title="Dalila Argaez Wendlandt">Dalila Argaez Wendlandt</a></span></span></span> </td> <td>October 1969 (age 55) </td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000002020-12-04-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">December 4, 2020</span> </td> <td>2039 </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6"><a href="/wiki/Charlie_Baker" title="Charlie Baker">Charlie Baker</a> (R) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Stanford_Law_School" title="Stanford Law School">Stanford</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span data-sort-value="Georges Jr., Serge"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Serge_Georges_Jr." title="Serge Georges Jr.">Serge Georges Jr.</a></span></span></span> </td> <td>April 1970 (age 54) </td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000002020-12-16-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">December 16, 2020</span> </td> <td>2040 </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6"><a href="/wiki/Charlie_Baker" title="Charlie Baker">Charlie Baker</a> (R) </td> <td>Suffolk </td></tr> <tr> <td><span data-sort-value="Dewar, Bessie"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Bessie_Dewar" title="Bessie Dewar">Bessie Dewar</a></span></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday">1980-07-04</span>) </span>July 4, 1980<span class="noprint ForceAgeToShow"> (age 44)</span> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000002024-01-16-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">January 16, 2024</span> </td> <td>2050 </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><a href="/wiki/Maura_Healey" title="Maura Healey">Maura Healey</a> (D) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Yale_Law_School" title="Yale Law School">Yale</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span data-sort-value="Wolohojian, Gabrielle"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Gabrielle_Wolohojian" title="Gabrielle Wolohojian">Gabrielle Wolohojian</a></span></span></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday">1960-12-16</span>) </span>December 16, 1960<span class="noprint ForceAgeToShow"> (age 63)</span> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000002024-04-22-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">April 22, 2024</span> </td> <td>2030 </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><a href="/wiki/Maura_Healey" title="Maura Healey">Maura Healey</a> (D) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Columbia_Law_School" title="Columbia Law School">Columbia</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table style="border-collapse:collapse;text-align:center;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;margin:auto;width:980px"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:140px;text-align:center;:"><div style="display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle;width:140px;height:150px;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Kimberly_S._Budd.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Kimberly_S._Budd.jpg/107px-Kimberly_S._Budd.jpg" decoding="async" width="107" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Kimberly_S._Budd.jpg/161px-Kimberly_S._Budd.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Kimberly_S._Budd.jpg/214px-Kimberly_S._Budd.jpg 2x" data-file-width="620" data-file-height="868" /></a></span></div><div style="padding:1px">Chief Justice <a href="/wiki/Kimberly_S._Budd" title="Kimberly S. Budd">Kimberly S. Budd</a></div></td><td style="width:140px;text-align:center;:"><div style="display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle;width:140px;height:150px;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Frank_M._Gaziano.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Frank_M._Gaziano.jpg/100px-Frank_M._Gaziano.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Frank_M._Gaziano.jpg/150px-Frank_M._Gaziano.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Frank_M._Gaziano.jpg/200px-Frank_M._Gaziano.jpg 2x" data-file-width="620" data-file-height="930" /></a></span></div><div style="padding:1px">Associate Justice <a href="/wiki/Frank_Gaziano" title="Frank Gaziano">Frank Gaziano</a></div></td><td style="width:140px;text-align:center;:"><div style="display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle;width:140px;height:150px;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Scott_L._Kafker.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Scott_L._Kafker.jpg/118px-Scott_L._Kafker.jpg" decoding="async" width="118" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Scott_L._Kafker.jpg/177px-Scott_L._Kafker.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Scott_L._Kafker.jpg/236px-Scott_L._Kafker.jpg 2x" data-file-width="620" data-file-height="789" /></a></span></div><div style="padding:1px">Associate Justice <a href="/wiki/Scott_L._Kafker" title="Scott L. Kafker">Scott L. Kafker</a></div></td><td style="width:140px;text-align:center;:"><div style="display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle;width:140px;height:150px;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Dalila_Argaez_Wendlandt.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Dalila_Argaez_Wendlandt.jpg/107px-Dalila_Argaez_Wendlandt.jpg" decoding="async" width="107" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Dalila_Argaez_Wendlandt.jpg/161px-Dalila_Argaez_Wendlandt.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Dalila_Argaez_Wendlandt.jpg/214px-Dalila_Argaez_Wendlandt.jpg 2x" data-file-width="620" data-file-height="868" /></a></span></div><div style="padding:1px">Associate Justice <a href="/wiki/Dalila_Argaez_Wendlandt" title="Dalila Argaez Wendlandt">Dalila Argaez Wendlandt</a></div></td><td style="width:140px;text-align:center;:"><div style="display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle;width:140px;height:150px;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Serge_Georges,_Jr.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Serge_Georges%2C_Jr.jpg/107px-Serge_Georges%2C_Jr.jpg" decoding="async" width="107" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Serge_Georges%2C_Jr.jpg/161px-Serge_Georges%2C_Jr.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Serge_Georges%2C_Jr.jpg/214px-Serge_Georges%2C_Jr.jpg 2x" data-file-width="620" data-file-height="868" /></a></span></div><div style="padding:1px">Associate Justice <a href="/wiki/Serge_Georges_Jr." title="Serge Georges Jr.">Serge Georges Jr.</a></div></td><td style="width:140px;text-align:center;:"></td><td style="width:140px;text-align:center;:"></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Took office as Chief Justice on December 1, 2020 after being appointed by Governor Baker.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Notable_members">Notable members</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Massachusetts_Supreme_Judicial_Court&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Notable members"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_Cushing" title="William Cushing">William Cushing</a>, <a href="/wiki/Associate_Justice_of_the_United_States_Supreme_Court" class="mw-redirect" title="Associate Justice of the United States Supreme Court">Associate Justice</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States" title="Supreme Court of the United States">Supreme Court of the United States</a> (1790–1810)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Devens" title="Charles Devens">Charles Devens</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_Attorney_General" title="United States Attorney General">United States Attorney General</a> (1877–81)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Fried" title="Charles Fried">Charles Fried</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_Solicitor_General" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Solicitor General">United States Solicitor General</a> (1985–89)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horace_Gray" title="Horace Gray">Horace Gray</a>, <a href="/wiki/Associate_Justice_of_the_United_States_Supreme_Court" class="mw-redirect" title="Associate Justice of the United States Supreme Court">Associate Justice</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States" title="Supreme Court of the United States">Supreme Court of the United States</a> (1882–1902)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ebenezer_R._Hoar" title="Ebenezer R. Hoar">Ebenezer R. Hoar</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_Attorney_General" title="United States Attorney General">United States Attorney General</a> (1869–70)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oliver_Wendell_Holmes_Jr." title="Oliver Wendell Holmes Jr.">Oliver Wendell Holmes Jr.</a>, <a href="/wiki/Associate_Justice_of_the_United_States_Supreme_Court" class="mw-redirect" title="Associate Justice of the United States Supreme Court">Associate Justice</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States" title="Supreme Court of the United States">Supreme Court of the United States</a> (1902–32)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lemuel_Shaw" title="Lemuel Shaw">Lemuel Shaw</a>, Chief Justice, father-in-law of <a href="/wiki/Herman_Melville" title="Herman Melville">Herman Melville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theophilus_Parsons" title="Theophilus Parsons">Theophilus Parsons</a>, Federalist leader, Constitutional scholar</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Massachusetts_Supreme_Judicial_Court&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_Pennsylvania" title="Supreme Court of Pennsylvania">Supreme Court of Pennsylvania</a> disputes this, claiming to be eight years older.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Massachusetts_Supreme_Judicial_Court&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pacourts.us">"Supreme Court - Courts - Unified Judicial System of Pennsylvania"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 July</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Supreme+Court+-+Courts+-+Unified+Judicial+System+of+Pennsylvania&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpacourts.us&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMassachusetts+Supreme+Judicial+Court" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The Virginia Supreme Court was founded as a appellate Court in 1623; it became a Supreme Court in 1779; The Supreme Court of Pennsylvania was founded as a Provincial Court in 1684; it became a Supreme Court in 1722;the New York Supreme Court was established as the Supreme Court of Judicature by the Province of New York on May 6, 1691. It became the New York Supreme Court under the New York Constitutional Convention of 1846.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.massreports.com/">"Supreme Judicial Court of Massachusetts home page"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131106030803/http://www.massreports.com/">Archived</a> from the original on 2013-11-06<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-10-16</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Supreme+Judicial+Court+of+Massachusetts+home+page&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.massreports.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMassachusetts+Supreme+Judicial+Court" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Eichholz-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Eichholz_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEichholz2004" class="citation book cs1">Eichholz, Alice (2004). Alice Eichholz (ed.). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/redbookamericans00eich/page/316"><i>Red Book: American State, County, and Town Sources</i></a></span> (3rd Revised ed.). Ancestry Publishing. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/redbookamericans00eich/page/316">316</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1593311667" title="Special:BookSources/978-1593311667"><bdi>978-1593311667</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Red+Book%3A+American+State%2C+County%2C+and+Town+Sources&rft.pages=316&rft.edition=3rd+Revised&rft.pub=Ancestry+Publishing&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-1593311667&rft.aulast=Eichholz&rft.aufirst=Alice&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fredbookamericans00eich%2Fpage%2F316&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMassachusetts+Supreme+Judicial+Court" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://scopareview.com/about/supreme-court-of-pennsylvania/">"About the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania – SCOPA Review"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170521010858/http://scopareview.com/about/supreme-court-of-pennsylvania/">Archived</a> from the original on 21 May 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 July</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=About+the+Supreme+Court+of+Pennsylvania+%E2%80%93+SCOPA+Review&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fscopareview.com%2Fabout%2Fsupreme-court-of-pennsylvania%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMassachusetts+Supreme+Judicial+Court" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mass.gov/locations/john-adams-courthouse">"John Adams Courthouse | Mass.gov"</a>. <i>www.mass.gov</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-03-15</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.mass.gov&rft.atitle=John+Adams+Courthouse+%7C+Mass.gov&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mass.gov%2Flocations%2Fjohn-adams-courthouse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMassachusetts+Supreme+Judicial+Court" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Zobel, Hiller (1970). <i>Boston Massacre</i>, pp. 243–265</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Zobel, pp. 269–286</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Delmar_R._Lowell" title="Delmar R. Lowell">Lowell, Delmar R.</a>, <i>The Historic Genealogy of the Lowells of America from 1639 to 1899</i> (p 35); Rutland VT, The Tuttle Company, 1899; <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7884-1567-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7884-1567-8">978-0-7884-1567-8</a>.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Works_cited">Works cited</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Massachusetts_Supreme_Judicial_Court&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Works cited"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Davis, William (1900). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/historyjudiciar00davigoog/page/n34"><i>History of the Judiciary of Massachusetts</i></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/massachusettsci01whitgoog/page/n57"><i>Massachusetts Civil List for the Colonial and Provincial Periods</i></a></li> <li>Reno, Conrad. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=kGswAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA75"><i>Memoirs of the Judiciary and the Bar of New England</i>, Volume 1</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Massachusetts_Supreme_Judicial_Court&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; 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(Various documents).</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.h-net.org/~hns/articles/2003/112903a.html">Gay-Marriage Decision: Just the Beginning of the Debate</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oyez.org/oyez/resource/case/239/">Memoirs v. 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aria-labelledby="Justices_of_the_Massachusetts_Supreme_Judicial_Court" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar 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Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Justices_of_the_Massachusetts_Supreme_Judicial_Court" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Justices of the Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Justices_of_the_Massachusetts_Supreme_Judicial_Court" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Justices of the <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Chief justices (1692–present)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_Stoughton_(judge)" title="William Stoughton (judge)">Stoughton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wait_Winthrop" title="Wait Winthrop">Winthrop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaac_Addington" title="Isaac Addington">Addington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wait_Winthrop" title="Wait Winthrop">Winthrop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Sewall" title="Samuel Sewall">Samuel Sewall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Lynde_Sr." title="Benjamin Lynde Sr.">Lynde Sr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Dudley_(jurist)" title="Paul Dudley (jurist)">Dudley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Sewall" title="Stephen Sewall">Stephen Sewall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Hutchinson_(governor)" title="Thomas Hutchinson (governor)">T. Hutchinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Lynde_Jr." title="Benjamin Lynde Jr.">Lynde Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Oliver_(loyalist)" title="Peter Oliver (loyalist)">Oliver</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/John_Adams" title="John Adams">Adams</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Cushing" title="William Cushing">Cushing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nathaniel_Peaslee_Sargent" title="Nathaniel Peaslee Sargent">Sargent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Dana" title="Francis Dana">Dana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theophilus_Parsons" title="Theophilus Parsons">Parsons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Sewall_(congressman)" title="Samuel Sewall (congressman)">Sewall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaac_Parker_(Massachusetts_judge)" title="Isaac Parker (Massachusetts judge)">Parker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lemuel_Shaw" title="Lemuel Shaw">Shaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Tyler_Bigelow" title="George Tyler Bigelow">Bigelow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reuben_Atwater_Chapman" title="Reuben Atwater Chapman">Chapman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horace_Gray" title="Horace Gray">Gray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcus_Morton_(judge)" title="Marcus Morton (judge)">Morton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walbridge_A._Field" title="Walbridge A. Field">W. Field</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oliver_Wendell_Holmes_Jr." title="Oliver Wendell Holmes Jr.">Holmes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcus_Perrin_Knowlton" title="Marcus Perrin Knowlton">Knowlton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Prentice_Rugg" title="Arthur Prentice Rugg">Rugg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fred_Tarbell_Field" title="Fred Tarbell Field">F. Field</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanley_Elroy_Qua" title="Stanley Elroy Qua">Qua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raymond_Sanger_Wilkins" title="Raymond Sanger Wilkins">R. Wilkins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G._Joseph_Tauro" title="G. Joseph Tauro">Tauro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_F._Hennessey" title="Edward F. Hennessey">Hennessey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_J._Liacos" title="Paul J. Liacos">Liacos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbert_P._Wilkins" title="Herbert P. Wilkins">H. Wilkins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_H._Marshall" title="Margaret H. Marshall">Marshall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roderick_L._Ireland" title="Roderick L. Ireland">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ralph_Gants" title="Ralph Gants">Gants</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kimberly_S._Budd" title="Kimberly S. Budd">Budd</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Massachusetts_Bay" title="Province of Massachusetts Bay">Provincial period</a><br />Associate justices (1692–1775)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Danforth" title="Thomas Danforth">Danforth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Richards_(colonial_judge)" class="mw-redirect" title="John Richards (colonial judge)">Richards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Sewall" title="Samuel Sewall">Samuel Sewall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wait_Winthrop" title="Wait Winthrop">Winthrop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elisha_Cooke_Sr." class="mw-redirect" title="Elisha Cooke Sr.">Cooke</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Walley_(judge)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Walley (judge) (page does not exist)">Walley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Saffin" title="John Saffin">Saffin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Hathorne" title="John Hathorne">Hathorne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Leverett_the_Younger" title="John Leverett the Younger">Leverett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Corwin" title="Jonathan Corwin">Curwin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Lynde_Sr." title="Benjamin Lynde Sr.">Lynde Sr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nathaniel_Thomas_(Massachusetts_judge)" title="Nathaniel Thomas (Massachusetts judge)">Thomas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Addington_Davenport" title="Addington Davenport">Davenport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edmund_Quincy_(1681%E2%80%931737)" title="Edmund Quincy (1681–1737)">Quincy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Dudley_(jurist)" title="Paul Dudley (jurist)">Dudley</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Cushing_(judge)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Cushing (judge) (page does not exist)">J. Cushing Sr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Remington" title="Jonathan Remington">Remington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Saltonstall_(Massachusetts_judge)" title="Richard Saltonstall (Massachusetts judge)">Saltonstall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Graves_(judge)" title="Thomas Graves (judge)">Graves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Sewall" title="Stephen Sewall">Stephen Sewall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nathaniel_Hubbard" title="Nathaniel Hubbard">Hubbard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Lynde_Jr." title="Benjamin Lynde Jr.">Lynde Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Cushing_Jr.&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Cushing Jr. (page does not exist)">J. Cushing Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chambers_Russell" title="Chambers Russell">Russell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Oliver_(loyalist)" title="Peter Oliver (loyalist)">Oliver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edmund_Trowbridge" title="Edmund Trowbridge">Trowbridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foster_Hutchinson" title="Foster Hutchinson">F. Hutchinson</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nathaniel_Ropes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nathaniel Ropes (page does not exist)">Ropes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Cushing" title="William Cushing">W. Cushing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Browne_(judge)" title="William Browne (judge)">Brown</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Provincial_Congress" title="Massachusetts Provincial Congress">Revolutionary period</a><br />Associate justices (1775–80)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nathaniel_Peaslee_Sargent" title="Nathaniel Peaslee Sargent">Sargent</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/William_Reed_(Massachusetts_judge)" class="mw-redirect" title="William Reed (Massachusetts judge)">Reed</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Robert_Treat_Paine" title="Robert Treat Paine">Paine</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/James_Warren_(politician)" title="James Warren (politician)">Warren</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jedediah_Foster" title="Jedediah Foster">Foster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Sullivan_(governor)" title="James Sullivan (governor)">Sullivan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Sewall" title="David Sewall">D. Sewall</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_of_Massachusetts" class="mw-redirect" title="Commonwealth of Massachusetts">Commonwealth period</a><br />Associate justices (1780–present)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Increase_Sumner" title="Increase Sumner">Sumner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Dana" title="Francis Dana">Dana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nathan_Cushing" title="Nathan Cushing">N. Cushing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Treat_Paine" title="Robert Treat Paine">Paine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Dawes" title="Thomas Dawes">Dawes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theophilus_Bradbury" title="Theophilus Bradbury">Bradbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Sewall_(congressman)" title="Samuel Sewall (congressman)">Sewall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simeon_Strong" title="Simeon Strong">Strong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Thatcher" title="George Thatcher">Thatcher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodore_Sedgwick" title="Theodore Sedgwick">Sedgwick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaac_Parker_(congressman)" class="mw-redirect" title="Isaac Parker (congressman)">Parker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Jackson_(judge)" title="Charles Jackson (judge)">Jackson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Dewey" title="Daniel Dewey">D. Dewey</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Samuel_Putnam_(Massachusetts_judge)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Samuel Putnam (Massachusetts judge) (page does not exist)">Putnam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Wilde" title="Samuel Wilde">Wilde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Augustus_Dewey" title="Charles Augustus Dewey">C. Dewey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Levi_Lincoln_Jr." title="Levi Lincoln Jr.">Lincoln</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcus_Morton" title="Marcus Morton">M. Morton Sr.</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Samuel_Hubbard_(Massachusetts_judge)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Samuel Hubbard (Massachusetts judge) (page does not exist)">Hubbard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Fletcher_(American_politician)" title="Richard Fletcher (American politician)">Fletcher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_E._Forbes" title="Charles E. Forbes">Forbes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theron_Metcalf" title="Theron Metcalf">Metcalf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Tyler_Bigelow" title="George Tyler Bigelow">Bigelow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caleb_Cushing" title="Caleb Cushing">C. Cushing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pliny_Merrick" title="Pliny Merrick">Merrick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Thomas_(politician)" title="Benjamin Thomas (politician)">Thomas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ebenezer_R._Hoar" title="Ebenezer R. Hoar">Hoar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reuben_Atwater_Chapman" title="Reuben Atwater Chapman">Chapman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horace_Gray" title="Horace Gray">Gray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Colt_(Massachusetts_judge)" class="mw-redirect" title="James Colt (Massachusetts judge)">Colt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dwight_Foster_(politician,_born_1828)" title="Dwight Foster (politician, born 1828)">Foster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seth_Ames" title="Seth Ames">Ames</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Wells_(Massachusetts_judge)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Wells (Massachusetts judge) (page does not exist)">Wells</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcus_Morton_(judge)" title="Marcus Morton (judge)">M. Morton Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Devens" title="Charles Devens">Devens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Crowninshield_Endicott" title="William Crowninshield Endicott">Endicott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otis_Lord" title="Otis Lord">Lord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augustus_Lord_Soule" class="mw-redirect" title="Augustus Lord Soule">Soule</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Allen_(Massachusetts_judge)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="William Allen (Massachusetts judge) (page does not exist)">W. Allen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Devens" title="Charles Devens">Devens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walbridge_A._Field" title="Walbridge A. Field">W. Field</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Allen_(jurist)" title="Charles Allen (jurist)">C. Allen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waldo_Colburn" title="Waldo Colburn">Colburn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oliver_Wendell_Holmes_Jr." title="Oliver Wendell Holmes Jr.">Holmes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Gardner_(Massachusetts_judge)" title="William Gardner (Massachusetts judge)">Gardner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcus_Perrin_Knowlton" title="Marcus Perrin Knowlton">Knowlton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Madison_Morton_Sr." title="James Madison Morton Sr.">J. Morton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Barker_(judge)" title="James Barker (judge)">Barker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Lathrop_(judge)" title="John Lathrop (judge)">Lathrop</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Hammond_(Massachusetts_judge)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Hammond (Massachusetts judge) (page does not exist)">Hammond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Loring_(judge)" title="William Loring (judge)">Loring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_K._Braley" title="Henry K. Braley">Braley</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Henry_Sheldon_(Massachusetts_judge)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Henry Sheldon (Massachusetts judge) (page does not exist)">Sheldon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Prentice_Rugg" title="Arthur Prentice Rugg">Rugg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_DeCourcy" title="Charles DeCourcy">DeCourcy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Crawford_Crosby" title="John Crawford Crosby">Crosby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Pierce_(Massachusetts_judge)" title="Edward Pierce (Massachusetts judge)">Pierce</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Carroll_(Massachusetts_judge)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="James Carroll (Massachusetts judge) (page does not exist)">Carroll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Jenney" title="Charles Jenney">Jenney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Wait_(Massachusetts_judge)" class="mw-redirect" title="William Wait (Massachusetts judge)">Wait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_A._Sanderson_(judge)" title="George A. Sanderson (judge)">Sanderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fred_Tarbell_Field" title="Fred Tarbell Field">F. Field</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Donahue" title="Charles Donahue">Donahue</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Henry_Lummus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Henry Lummus (page does not exist)">Lummus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanley_Elroy_Qua" title="Stanley Elroy Qua">Qua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Cox" title="Louis Cox">Cox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Dolan" title="Arthur Dolan">Dolan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Ronan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="James Ronan (page does not exist)">Ronan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Spalding_(Massachusetts_judge)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Spalding (Massachusetts judge) (page does not exist)">Spalding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raymond_Sanger_Wilkins" title="Raymond Sanger Wilkins">R. Wilkins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harold_P._Williams" title="Harold P. Williams">Williams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Counihan" class="mw-redirect" title="Edward Counihan">Counihan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Whittemore" title="Arthur Whittemore">Whittemore</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=R._Ammi_Cutter&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="R. Ammi Cutter (page does not exist)">Cutter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_G._Kirk_Sr." title="Paul G. Kirk Sr.">Kirk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacob_Spiegel" title="Jacob Spiegel">Jacob Spiegel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Reardon" title="Paul Reardon">Reardon</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francis_Quirico&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Francis Quirico (page does not exist)">Quirico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Braucher" title="Robert Braucher">Braucher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_F._Hennessey" title="Edward F. Hennessey">Hennessey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Kaplan" title="Benjamin Kaplan">Kaplan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbert_P._Wilkins" title="Herbert P. Wilkins">H. Wilkins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_J._Liacos" title="Paul J. Liacos">Liacos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruth_Abrams" title="Ruth Abrams">Abrams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neil_L._Lynch" title="Neil L. Lynch">Lynch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_R._Nolan" title="Joseph R. Nolan">Nolan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Patrick_O%27Connor" class="mw-redirect" title="Francis Patrick O'Connor">O'Connor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Greaney" title="John Greaney">Greaney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Fried" title="Charles Fried">Fried</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_H._Marshall" title="Margaret H. Marshall">Marshall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roderick_L._Ireland" title="Roderick L. Ireland">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judith_Cowin" title="Judith Cowin">Cowin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_X._Spina" title="Francis X. Spina">Spina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martha_B._Sosman" title="Martha B. Sosman">Sosman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_J._Cordy" title="Robert J. Cordy">Cordy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margot_Botsford" title="Margot Botsford">Botsford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ralph_Gants" title="Ralph Gants">Gants</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fernande_R._V._Duffly" title="Fernande R. V. Duffly">Duffly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbara_Lenk" title="Barbara Lenk">Lenk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geraldine_Hines" title="Geraldine Hines">Hines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Gaziano" title="Frank Gaziano">Gaziano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_A._Lowy" title="David A. Lowy">Lowy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kimberly_S._Budd" title="Kimberly S. Budd">Budd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elspeth_B._Cypher" title="Elspeth B. Cypher">Cypher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scott_L._Kafker" title="Scott L. Kafker">Kafker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dalila_Argaez_Wendlandt" title="Dalila Argaez Wendlandt">Wendlandt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serge_Georges_Jr." title="Serge Georges Jr.">Georges Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bessie_Dewar" title="Bessie Dewar">Dewar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabrielle_Wolohojian" title="Gabrielle Wolohojian">Wolohojian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><i>Italics</i> indicate individuals who were offered seats on the court, but refused</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Statewide_government_officials_of_Massachusetts" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Massachusetts_statewide_political_officials" title="Template:Massachusetts statewide political officials"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Massachusetts_statewide_political_officials" title="Template talk:Massachusetts statewide political officials"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Massachusetts_statewide_political_officials" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Massachusetts statewide political officials"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Statewide_government_officials_of_Massachusetts" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Statewide government officials of <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Massachusetts" title="List of United States senators from Massachusetts">U.S. senators</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Warren" title="Elizabeth Warren">Elizabeth Warren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ed_Markey" title="Ed Markey">Ed Markey</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Seal_of_Massachusetts.svg/85px-Seal_of_Massachusetts.svg.png" decoding="async" width="85" height="85" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Seal_of_Massachusetts.svg/128px-Seal_of_Massachusetts.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Seal_of_Massachusetts.svg/170px-Seal_of_Massachusetts.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="448" data-file-height="448" /></span></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Massachusetts" title="Government of Massachusetts">State government</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maura_Healey" title="Maura Healey">Maura Healey</a>, <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Massachusetts" title="Governor of Massachusetts">Governor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kim_Driscoll" title="Kim Driscoll">Kim Driscoll</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_Governor_of_Massachusetts" title="Lieutenant Governor of Massachusetts">Lieutenant Governor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_F._Galvin" title="William F. Galvin">William F. Galvin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_the_Commonwealth_of_Massachusetts" title="Secretary of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts">Secretary of State</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrea_Campbell" title="Andrea Campbell">Andrea Campbell</a>, <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Attorney_General" title="Massachusetts Attorney General">Attorney General</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deb_Goldberg" title="Deb Goldberg">Deb Goldberg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Treasurer_and_Receiver-General_of_Massachusetts" title="Treasurer and Receiver-General of Massachusetts">Treasurer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diana_DiZoglio" title="Diana DiZoglio">Diana DiZoglio</a>, <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_State_Auditor" title="Massachusetts State Auditor">Auditor</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Senate" title="Massachusetts Senate">State Senate</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Karen_Spilka" title="Karen Spilka">Karen Spilka</a>, <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Massachusetts_Senate" title="President of the Massachusetts Senate">President</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Will_Brownsberger" title="Will Brownsberger">Will Brownsberger</a>, President pro tempore</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cynthia_Stone_Creem" title="Cynthia Stone Creem">Cynthia Stone Creem</a>, Majority Leader</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruce_Tarr" title="Bruce Tarr">Bruce Tarr</a>, Minority Leader</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_House_of_Representatives" title="Massachusetts House of Representatives">State House</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ronald_Mariano" class="mw-redirect" title="Ronald Mariano">Ronald Mariano</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_speakers_of_the_Massachusetts_House_of_Representatives" title="List of speakers of the Massachusetts House of Representatives">Speaker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kate_Hogan" title="Kate Hogan">Kate Hogan</a>, Speaker pro tempore</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Moran_(Massachusetts_politician)" title="Michael Moran (Massachusetts politician)">Mike Moran</a>, Majority Leader</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bradley_Jones_Jr." title="Bradley Jones Jr.">Bradley Jones</a>, Minority Leader</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Supreme Judicial Court</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kimberly_S._Budd" title="Kimberly S. Budd">Kimberly S. Budd</a>, Chief Justice</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Gaziano" title="Frank Gaziano">Frank Gaziano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scott_L._Kafker" title="Scott L. Kafker">Scott L. Kafker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dalila_Argaez_Wendlandt" title="Dalila Argaez Wendlandt">Dalila Argaez Wendlandt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serge_Georges_Jr." title="Serge Georges Jr.">Serge Georges Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bessie_Dewar" title="Bessie Dewar">Bessie Dewar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabrielle_Wolohojian" title="Gabrielle Wolohojian">Gabrielle Wolohojian</a>, Associate Justices</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="3"><div>See also: <a href="/wiki/Political_party_strength_in_Massachusetts" title="Political party strength in Massachusetts">Political party strength in Massachusetts</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239334494">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Government_of_Massachusetts" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="background:#15317E; color:white;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Massachusetts_government" title="Template:Massachusetts government"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:white">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Massachusetts_government" title="Template talk:Massachusetts government"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:white">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Massachusetts_government" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Massachusetts government"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:white">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Government_of_Massachusetts" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Massachusetts" title="Government of Massachusetts"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:white">Government of Massachusetts</span></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#15317E; color:white;;width:1%"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:white">Legislative</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_General_Court" title="Massachusetts General Court">General Court</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Senate" title="Massachusetts Senate">Senate</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_current_members_of_the_Massachusetts_Senate" class="mw-redirect" title="List of current members of the Massachusetts Senate">Members</a>, <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Massachusetts_Senate" title="President of the Massachusetts Senate">President</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_House_of_Representatives" title="Massachusetts House of Representatives">House of Representatives</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_current_members_of_the_Massachusetts_House_of_Representatives" class="mw-redirect" title="List of current members of the Massachusetts House of Representatives">Members</a>, <a href="/wiki/Speaker_of_the_Massachusetts_House_of_Representatives" class="mw-redirect" title="Speaker of the Massachusetts House of Representatives">Speaker</a>)</li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag-map_of_Massachusetts.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Flag-map_of_Massachusetts.svg/80px-Flag-map_of_Massachusetts.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="49" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Flag-map_of_Massachusetts.svg/120px-Flag-map_of_Massachusetts.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Flag-map_of_Massachusetts.svg/160px-Flag-map_of_Massachusetts.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="602" data-file-height="369" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#15317E; color:white;;width:1%"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:white">Executive</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Massachusetts" title="Governor of Massachusetts">Governor</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_governors_of_Massachusetts" class="mw-redirect" title="List of governors of Massachusetts">List</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_Governor_of_Massachusetts" title="Lieutenant Governor of Massachusetts">Lt. Governor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Attorney_General" title="Massachusetts Attorney General">Attorney General</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_State_Auditor" title="Massachusetts State Auditor">Auditor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_the_Commonwealth_of_Massachusetts" title="Secretary of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts">Secretary of the Commonwealth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treasurer_and_Receiver-General_of_Massachusetts" title="Treasurer and Receiver-General of Massachusetts">Treasurer and Receiver-General</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Massachusetts_Executive_Office_for_Administration_and_Finance&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Massachusetts Executive Office for Administration and Finance (page does not exist)">Office for Administration and Finance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Department_of_Elementary_and_Secondary_Education" title="Massachusetts Department of Elementary and Secondary Education">Department of Elementary and Secondary Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Department_of_Higher_Education" title="Massachusetts Department of Higher Education">Department of Higher Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Emergency_Management_Agency" title="Massachusetts Emergency Management Agency">Emergency Management Agency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Executive_Office_of_Energy_and_Environmental_Affairs" title="Massachusetts Executive Office of Energy and Environmental Affairs">Office of Energy and Environmental Affairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Department_of_Environmental_Protection" title="Massachusetts Department of Environmental Protection">Department of Environmental Protection</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Massachusetts_Department_of_Revenue&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Massachusetts Department of Revenue (page does not exist)">Department of Revenue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Executive_Office_of_Health_and_Human_Services" title="Massachusetts Executive Office of Health and Human Services">Office of Health and Human Services</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Massachusetts_Executive_Office_of_Housing_and_Economic_Development&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Massachusetts Executive Office of Housing and Economic Development (page does not exist)">Office of Housing and Economic Development</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Executive_Office_of_Labor_and_Workforce_Development" title="Massachusetts Executive Office of Labor and Workforce Development">Office of Labor and Workforce Development</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Department_of_Mental_Health" title="Massachusetts Department of Mental Health">Department of Mental Health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Department_of_Public_Health" title="Massachusetts Department of Public Health">Department of Public Health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Executive_Office_of_Public_Safety_and_Security" title="Massachusetts Executive Office of Public Safety and Security">Office of Public Safety and Security</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Department_of_Public_Utilities" title="Massachusetts Department of Public Utilities">Department of Public Utilities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Department_of_Transportation" title="Massachusetts Department of Transportation">Department of Transportation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Department_of_Youth_Services" title="Massachusetts Department of Youth Services">Department of Youth Services</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#15317E; color:white;;width:1%"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:white">Judicial</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boston_Municipal_Court" title="Boston Municipal Court">Boston Municipal Court</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_District_Court" title="Massachusetts District Court">District Court</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Superior_Court" title="Massachusetts Superior Court">Superior Court</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Land_Court" title="Massachusetts Land Court">Land Court</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Juvenile_Court" title="Massachusetts Juvenile Court">Juvenile Court</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Housing_Court" title="Massachusetts Housing Court">Housing Court</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Probate_and_Family_Court" title="Massachusetts Probate and Family Court">Massachusetts Probate and Family Court</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Appeals_Court" title="Massachusetts Appeals Court">Appeals Court</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_judges_of_the_Massachusetts_Appeals_Court&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of judges of the Massachusetts Appeals Court (page does not exist)">Judges</a>)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Supreme Judicial Court</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Essex_Probate_and_Family_Court" title="Essex Probate and Family Court">Essex Probate and Family Court</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middlesex_Probate_and_Family_Court" title="Middlesex Probate and Family Court">Middlesex Probate and Family Court</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#15317E; color:white;;width:1%"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:white">Independent agencies</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Board_of_Library_Commissioners" title="Massachusetts Board of Library Commissioners">Board of Library Commissioners</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Commission_Against_Discrimination" title="Massachusetts Commission Against Discrimination">Commission Against Discrimination</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Commission_on_the_Status_of_Women_(Massachusetts)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Commission on the Status of Women (Massachusetts) (page does not exist)">Commission on the Status of Women</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Disabled_Persons_Protection_Commission_(Massachusetts)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Disabled Persons Protection Commission (Massachusetts) (page does not exist)">Disabled Persons Protection Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Appellate_Tax_Board" title="Massachusetts Appellate Tax Board">Massachusetts Appellate Tax Board</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Massachusetts_District_Attorneys&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Massachusetts District Attorneys (page does not exist)">Massachusetts District Attorneys</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Massachusetts_Inspector_General&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Massachusetts Inspector General (page does not exist)">Massachusetts Inspector General</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Office_of_Campaign_and_Political_Finance_(Massachusetts)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Office of Campaign and Political Finance (Massachusetts) (page does not exist)">Office of Campaign and Political Finance</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Office_of_the_Comptroller_(Massachusetts)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Office of the Comptroller (Massachusetts) (page does not exist)">Office of the Comptroller</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Massachusetts_Sheriffs&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Massachusetts Sheriffs (page does not exist)">Massachusetts Sheriffs</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=State_Ethics_Commission_(Massachusetts)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="State Ethics Commission (Massachusetts) (page does not exist)">State Ethics Commission</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#15317E; color:white;;width:1%"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:white">Law</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Massachusetts" title="Constitution of Massachusetts">Constitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Laws_of_Massachusetts" title="General Laws of Massachusetts">General Laws</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_of_Massachusetts_Regulations" title="Code of Massachusetts Regulations">Code of Massachusetts Regulations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_Massachusetts" title="Abortion in Massachusetts">Abortion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcohol_laws_of_Massachusetts" title="Alcohol laws of Massachusetts">Alcohol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_in_Massachusetts" title="Cannabis in Massachusetts">Cannabis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capital_punishment_in_Massachusetts" title="Capital punishment in Massachusetts">Capital punishment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crime_in_Massachusetts" title="Crime in Massachusetts">Crime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elder_law_(Massachusetts)" title="Elder law (Massachusetts)">Elder law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gambling_in_Massachusetts" title="Gambling in Massachusetts">Gambling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gun_laws_in_Massachusetts" title="Gun laws in Massachusetts">Gun laws</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Massachusetts" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in Massachusetts">LGBT rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taxation_in_Massachusetts" title="Taxation in Massachusetts">Taxation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Highest_judicial_bodies_in_the_United_States" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:United_States_judiciaries" title="Template:United States judiciaries"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:United_States_judiciaries" title="Template talk:United States judiciaries"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:United_States_judiciaries" title="Special:EditPage/Template:United States judiciaries"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Highest_judicial_bodies_in_the_United_States" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Supreme_court" title="Supreme court">Highest judicial bodies</a> in the United States</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Federal_judiciary_of_the_United_States" title="Federal judiciary of the United States">Federal courts</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States" title="Supreme Court of the United States">Supreme Court of the United States</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/State_supreme_court" title="State supreme court">State supreme courts</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_Alabama" title="Supreme Court of Alabama">Alabama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alaska_Supreme_Court" title="Alaska Supreme Court">Alaska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arizona_Supreme_Court" title="Arizona Supreme Court">Arizona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arkansas_Supreme_Court" title="Arkansas Supreme Court">Arkansas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_California" title="Supreme Court of California">California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colorado_Supreme_Court" title="Colorado Supreme Court">Colorado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Connecticut_Supreme_Court" title="Connecticut Supreme Court">Connecticut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delaware_Supreme_Court" title="Delaware Supreme Court">Delaware</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_Florida" title="Supreme Court of Florida">Florida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_Georgia_(U.S._state)" title="Supreme Court of Georgia (U.S. state)">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_Hawaii" title="Supreme Court of Hawaii">Hawaii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idaho_Supreme_Court" title="Idaho Supreme Court">Idaho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_Illinois" title="Supreme Court of Illinois">Illinois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indiana_Supreme_Court" title="Indiana Supreme Court">Indiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iowa_Supreme_Court" title="Iowa Supreme Court">Iowa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kansas_Supreme_Court" title="Kansas Supreme Court">Kansas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kentucky_Supreme_Court" title="Kentucky Supreme Court">Kentucky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louisiana_Supreme_Court" title="Louisiana Supreme Court">Louisiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maine_Supreme_Judicial_Court" title="Maine Supreme Judicial Court">Maine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_Maryland" title="Supreme Court of Maryland">Maryland</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Massachusetts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michigan_Supreme_Court" title="Michigan Supreme Court">Michigan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minnesota_Supreme_Court" title="Minnesota Supreme Court">Minnesota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_Mississippi" title="Supreme Court of Mississippi">Mississippi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_Missouri" title="Supreme Court of Missouri">Missouri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montana_Supreme_Court" title="Montana Supreme Court">Montana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nebraska_Supreme_Court" title="Nebraska Supreme Court">Nebraska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_Nevada" title="Supreme Court of Nevada">Nevada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Hampshire_Supreme_Court" title="New Hampshire Supreme Court">New Hampshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_New_Jersey" title="Supreme Court of New Jersey">New Jersey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Mexico_Supreme_Court" title="New Mexico Supreme Court">New Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_Court_of_Appeals" title="New York Court of Appeals">New York</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Carolina_Supreme_Court" title="North Carolina Supreme Court">North Carolina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Dakota_Supreme_Court" title="North Dakota Supreme Court">North Dakota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_Ohio" title="Supreme Court of Ohio">Ohio</a></li> <li>Oklahoma <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Oklahoma_Supreme_Court" title="Oklahoma Supreme Court">civil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oklahoma_Court_of_Criminal_Appeals" title="Oklahoma Court of Criminal Appeals">criminal</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oregon_Supreme_Court" title="Oregon Supreme Court">Oregon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_Pennsylvania" title="Supreme Court of Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhode_Island_Supreme_Court" title="Rhode Island Supreme Court">Rhode Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Carolina_Supreme_Court" title="South Carolina Supreme Court">South Carolina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Dakota_Supreme_Court" title="South Dakota Supreme Court">South Dakota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tennessee_Supreme_Court" title="Tennessee Supreme Court">Tennessee</a></li> <li>Texas <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_Texas" title="Supreme Court of Texas">civil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Texas_Court_of_Criminal_Appeals" title="Texas Court of Criminal Appeals">criminal</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Utah_Supreme_Court" title="Utah Supreme Court">Utah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vermont_Supreme_Court" title="Vermont Supreme Court">Vermont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_Virginia" title="Supreme Court of Virginia">Virginia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_Supreme_Court" title="Washington Supreme Court">Washington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_Appeals_of_West_Virginia" title="Supreme Court of Appeals of West Virginia">West Virginia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wisconsin_Supreme_Court" title="Wisconsin Supreme Court">Wisconsin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wyoming_Supreme_Court" title="Wyoming Supreme Court">Wyoming</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Territories_of_the_United_States" title="Territories of the United States">Territorial</a> supreme courts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/High_Court_of_American_Samoa" title="High Court of American Samoa">American Samoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/District_of_Columbia_Court_of_Appeals" title="District of Columbia Court of Appeals">District of Columbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_Guam" title="Supreme Court of Guam">Guam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Mariana_Islands_Supreme_Court" title="Northern Mariana Islands Supreme Court">Northern Mariana Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_Puerto_Rico" title="Supreme Court of Puerto Rico">Puerto Rico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_the_Virgin_Islands" title="Supreme Court of the Virgin Islands">United States Virgin Islands</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Obsolete</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_Canal_Zone" title="United States District Court for the Canal Zone">Panama Canal Zone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_the_Philippines#American_period" title="Supreme Court of the Philippines">Philippine Islands</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Complete list</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_courts_of_the_United_States" title="List of courts of the United States">Courts of the United States</a> (federal and state, all levels)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Lists_of_justices_of_high_courts_of_the_United_States" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a 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