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vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">目錄</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">移去側欄</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">收埋</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">文頭</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-宗教觀點" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#宗教觀點"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>宗教觀點</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-宗教觀點-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>切換去宗教觀點細章節</span> </button> <ul id="toc-宗教觀點-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-古代近東" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#古代近東"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>古代近東</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-古代近東-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-巴哈伊信仰" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#巴哈伊信仰"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>巴哈伊信仰</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-巴哈伊信仰-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-佛教" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#佛教"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>佛教</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-佛教-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-基督教" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#基督教"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>基督教</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-基督教-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-靈魂嘅起源" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#靈魂嘅起源"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4.1</span> <span>靈魂嘅起源</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-靈魂嘅起源-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-靈魂嘅三分法" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#靈魂嘅三分法"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4.2</span> <span>靈魂嘅三分法</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-靈魂嘅三分法-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-「Tota_in_toto_corpore」" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#「Tota_in_toto_corpore」"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4.3</span> <span>「Tota in toto corpore」</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-「Tota_in_toto_corpore」-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-各宗派嘅睇法" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#各宗派嘅睇法"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4.4</span> <span>各宗派嘅睇法</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-各宗派嘅睇法-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-疏仕" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#疏仕"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>疏仕</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-疏仕-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-睇埋" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#睇埋"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>睇埋</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-睇埋-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目錄" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="開/收內容一覽" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">開/收內容一覽</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">靈魂</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="去睇另一種語文嘅文章。有144種語言版本。" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-144" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">144種語言</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ace mw-list-item"><a href="https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nyaw%27ong" title="Nyaw'ong – 亞齊文" lang="ace" hreflang="ace" data-title="Nyaw'ong" data-language-autonym="Acèh" data-language-local-name="亞齊文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Acèh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siel" title="Siel – 南非荷蘭文" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Siel" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="南非荷蘭文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seele" title="Seele – 德文（瑞士）" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Seele" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="德文（瑞士）" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8A%90%E1%8D%8D%E1%88%B5" title="ነፍስ – 阿姆哈拉文" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ነፍስ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="阿姆哈拉文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alma" title="Alma – 阿拉貢文" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Alma" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="阿拉貢文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE" title="आत्मा – 昂加文" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="आत्मा" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="昂加文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%81%D8%B3" title="نفس – 阿拉伯文" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="نفس" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="阿拉伯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE" title="আত্মা – 阿薩姆文" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="আত্মা" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="阿薩姆文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alma" title="Alma – 阿斯圖里亞文" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Alma" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="阿斯圖里亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ajayu" title="Ajayu – 艾馬拉文" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="Ajayu" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="艾馬拉文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aymar aru</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruh" title="Ruh – 亞塞拜然文" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Ruh" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="亞塞拜然文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%86" title="جان – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="جان" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%99%D3%99%D0%BD" title="Йән – 巴什客爾文" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Йән" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="巴什客爾文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seej" title="Seej – 巴伐利亞文" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Seej" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="巴伐利亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C5%AB%C5%A1%C4%97" title="Dūšė – 薩莫吉希亞文" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Dūšė" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="薩莫吉希亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalag" title="Kalag – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Kalag" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%83%D1%88%D0%B0" title="Душа – 白俄羅斯文" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Душа" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="白俄羅斯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%83%D1%88%D0%B0" title="Душа – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Душа" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%83%D1%88%D0%B0" title="Душа – 保加利亞文" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Душа" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="保加利亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE" title="आत्मा – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="आत्मा" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%85%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE" title="অন্তরাত্মা – 孟加拉文" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="অন্তরাত্মা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="孟加拉文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ene" title="Ene – 布列塔尼文" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Ene" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="布列塔尼文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Du%C5%A1a" title="Duša – 波士尼亞文" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Duša" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="波士尼亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-btm mw-list-item"><a href="https://btm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roa" title="Roa – Batak Mandailing" lang="btm" hreflang="btm" data-title="Roa" data-language-autonym="Batak Mandailing" data-language-local-name="Batak Mandailing" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Batak Mandailing</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%BA%D2%AF%D0%BD%D1%8D%D2%BB%D1%8D%D0%BD" title="Һүнэһэн – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Һүнэһэн" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%80nima" title="Ànima – 加泰羅尼亞文" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Ànima" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="加泰羅尼亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%ACng-h%C3%B9ng" title="Lìng-hùng – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Lìng-hùng" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0" title="Са – 車臣文" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Са" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="車臣文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalag_(relihiyon)" title="Kalag (relihiyon) – 宿霧文" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Kalag (relihiyon)" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="宿霧文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%95%DB%86%D8%AD" title="ڕۆح – 索拉尼庫爾德文" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ڕۆح" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="索拉尼庫爾德文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Du%C5%A1e" title="Duše – 捷克文" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Duše" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="捷克文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%ABsza" title="Dësza – 卡舒布文" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="Dësza" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="卡舒布文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kaszëbsczi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D1%83%D0%BD" title="Чун – 楚瓦什文" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Чун" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="楚瓦什文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enaid" title="Enaid – 威爾斯文" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Enaid" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="威爾斯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sj%C3%A6l" title="Sjæl – 丹麥文" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Sjæl" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="丹麥文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="正文"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seele" title="Seele – 德文" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Seele" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="德文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruh" title="Ruh – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Ruh" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dty mw-list-item"><a href="https://dty.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE" title="आत्मा – Doteli" lang="dty" hreflang="dty" data-title="आत्मा" data-language-autonym="डोटेली" data-language-local-name="Doteli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>डोटेली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A8%CF%85%CF%87%CE%AE" title="Ψυχή – 希臘文" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ψυχή" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="希臘文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soul" title="Soul – 英文" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Soul" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="好文"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Animo" title="Animo – 世界文" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Animo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="世界文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alma" title="Alma – 西班牙文" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Alma" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="西班牙文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hing" title="Hing – 愛沙尼亞文" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Hing" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="愛沙尼亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arima" title="Arima – 巴斯克文" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Arima" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="巴斯克文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alma" title="Alma – 埃斯特雷馬杜拉文" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Alma" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="埃斯特雷馬杜拉文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%86" title="جان – 波斯文" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="جان" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="波斯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sielu" title="Sielu – 芬蘭文" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Sielu" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="芬蘭文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%82me" title="Âme – 法文" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Âme" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="法文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sial" title="Sial – 北弗里西亞文" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Sial" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="北弗里西亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siel" title="Siel – 西弗里西亞文" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Siel" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="西弗里西亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anam" title="Anam – 愛爾蘭文" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Anam" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="愛爾蘭文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lamm_(spiritchwalit%C3%A9)" title="Lamm (spiritchwalité) – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Lamm (spiritchwalité)" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anam" title="Anam – 蘇格蘭蓋爾文" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Anam" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="蘇格蘭蓋爾文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alma" title="Alma – 加里西亞文" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Alma" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="加里西亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%81nga" title="Ánga – 瓜拉尼文" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Ánga" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="瓜拉尼文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%86%E0%AA%A4%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%AE%E0%AA%BE" title="આત્મા – 古吉拉特文" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="આત્મા" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="古吉拉特文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A0%D7%A9%D7%9E%D7%94" title="נשמה – 希伯來文" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="נשמה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="希伯來文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE" title="आत्मा – 北印度文" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="आत्मा" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="北印度文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atma" title="Atma – 斐濟印地文" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Atma" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="斐濟印地文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Du%C5%A1a" title="Duša – 克羅埃西亞文" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Duša" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="克羅埃西亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanm" title="Nanm – 海地文" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Nanm" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="海地文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%A9lek" title="Lélek – 匈牙利文" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Lélek" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="匈牙利文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%80%D5%B8%D5%A3%D5%AB" title="Հոգի – 亞美尼亞文" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Հոգի" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="亞美尼亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anima" title="Anima – 國際文" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Anima" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="國際文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jiwa" title="Jiwa – 印尼文" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Jiwa" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="印尼文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kararua" title="Kararua – 伊洛闊文" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Kararua" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="伊洛闊文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0" title="Са – 印古什文" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="Са" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="印古什文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ГӀалгӀай</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anmo" title="Anmo – 伊多文" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Anmo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="伊多文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A1l" title="Sál – 冰島文" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Sál" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="冰島文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anima" title="Anima – 義大利文" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Anima" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="義大利文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%9C%8A%E9%AD%82" title="霊魂 – 日文" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="霊魂" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="日文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suol" title="Suol – 牙買加克裏奧爾英文" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Suol" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="牙買加克裏奧爾英文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jiwa" title="Jiwa – 爪哇文" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Jiwa" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="爪哇文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98" title="სული – 喬治亞文" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="სული" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="喬治亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Izi%C9%A3er" title="Iziɣer – 卡比爾文" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Iziɣer" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="卡比爾文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Жан – 哈薩克文" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Жан" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="哈薩克文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%86%E0%B2%A4%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AE" title="ಆತ್ಮ – 坎那達文" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಆತ್ಮ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="坎那達文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%98%81%ED%98%BC" title="영혼 – 韓文" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="영혼" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="韓文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rih" title="Rih – 庫爾德文" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Rih" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="庫爾德文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Жан – 吉爾吉斯文" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Жан" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="吉爾吉斯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anima" title="Anima – 拉丁文" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Anima" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="拉丁文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zie%C3%ABl" title="Zieël – 林堡文" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Zieël" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="林堡文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anema" title="Anema – 倫巴底文" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Anema" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="倫巴底文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mol%C3%ADmo" title="Molímo – 林加拉文" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Molímo" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="林加拉文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%B4%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%8D%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%99" title="ວິນຍານ – 寮文" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ວິນຍານ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="寮文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siela" title="Siela – 立陶宛文" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Siela" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="立陶宛文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dv%C4%93sele" title="Dvēsele – 拉脫維亞文" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Dvēsele" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="拉脫維亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fanahin%27_ny_vatana" title="Fanahin' ny vatana – 馬拉加什文" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Fanahin' ny vatana" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="馬拉加什文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%83%D1%88%D0%B0" title="Душа – 馬其頓文" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Душа" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="馬其頓文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%86%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%8D" title="ആത്മാവ് – 馬來亞拉姆文" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ആത്മാവ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="馬來亞拉姆文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE" title="आत्मा – 馬拉地文" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="आत्मा" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="馬拉地文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jiwa" title="Jiwa – 馬來文" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Jiwa" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="馬來文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alma" title="Alma – 米蘭德斯文" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Alma" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="米蘭德斯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9C%E1%80%AD%E1%80%95%E1%80%BA%E1%80%95%E1%80%BC%E1%80%AC_(%E1%80%9D%E1%80%AD%E1%80%8A%E1%80%AC%E1%80%89%E1%80%BA)" title="လိပ်ပြာ (ဝိညာဉ်) – 緬甸文" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="လိပ်ပြာ (ဝိညာဉ်)" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="緬甸文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%81lema" title="Álema – 拿波里文" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="Álema" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="拿波里文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Napulitano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sele" title="Sele – 低地德文" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Sele" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="低地德文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE" title="आत्मा – 尼泊爾文" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="आत्मा" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="尼泊爾文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ziel_(filosofie)" title="Ziel (filosofie) – 荷蘭文" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Ziel (filosofie)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="荷蘭文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sjel" title="Sjel – 耐諾斯克挪威文" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Sjel" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="耐諾斯克挪威文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sjel" title="Sjel – 巴克摩挪威文" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Sjel" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="巴克摩挪威文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arma" title="Arma – 奧克西坦文" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Arma" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="奧克西坦文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%BE" title="ਆਤਮਾ – 旁遮普文" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਆਤਮਾ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="旁遮普文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaladua" title="Kaladua – 潘帕嘉文" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Kaladua" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="潘帕嘉文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dusza_(religia)" title="Dusza (religia) – 波蘭文" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Dusza (religia)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="波蘭文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%80nima" title="Ànima – 皮埃蒙特文" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Ànima" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="皮埃蒙特文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AD" title="روح – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="روح" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alma" title="Alma – 葡萄牙文" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Alma" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="葡萄牙文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuna" title="Nuna – 蓋楚瓦文" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Nuna" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="蓋楚瓦文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rm mw-list-item"><a href="https://rm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olma" title="Olma – 羅曼斯文" lang="rm" hreflang="rm" data-title="Olma" data-language-autonym="Rumantsch" data-language-local-name="羅曼斯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Rumantsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suflet" title="Suflet – 羅馬尼亞文" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Suflet" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="羅馬尼亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suflitu" title="Suflitu – 羅馬尼亞語系" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Suflitu" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="羅馬尼亞語系" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Armãneashti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%83%D1%88%D0%B0" title="Душа – 俄文" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Душа" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="俄文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%83%D1%88%D0%B0" title="Душа – 盧森尼亞文" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Душа" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="盧森尼亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%83%D1%82" title="Кут – 雅庫特文" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Кут" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="雅庫特文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%9B%E1%B1%A2%E1%B1%9F" title="ᱟᱛᱢᱟ – 散塔利文" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱟᱛᱢᱟ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="散塔利文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arma" title="Arma – 西西里文" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Arma" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="西西里文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soul" title="Soul – 蘇格蘭文" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Soul" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="蘇格蘭文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Du%C5%A1a" title="Duša – 塞爾維亞克羅埃西亞文" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Duša" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="塞爾維亞克羅埃西亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soul" title="Soul – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Soul" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Du%C5%A1a" title="Duša – 斯洛伐克文" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Duša" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="斯洛伐克文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Du%C5%A1a" title="Duša – 斯洛維尼亞文" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Duša" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="斯洛維尼亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naf" title="Naf – 索馬利文" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Naf" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="索馬利文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shpirti" title="Shpirti – 阿爾巴尼亞文" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Shpirti" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="阿爾巴尼亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%83%D1%88%D0%B0" title="Душа – 塞爾維亞文" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Душа" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="塞爾維亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sj%C3%A4l" title="Själ – 瑞典文" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Själ" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="瑞典文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mizimu" title="Mizimu – 史瓦希里文" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Mizimu" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="史瓦希里文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%86%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%BE" title="ஆன்மா – 坦米爾文" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="ஆன்மா" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="坦米爾文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%8D%E0%B8%8D%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%93" title="วิญญาณ – 泰文" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="วิญญาณ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="泰文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaluluwa" title="Kaluluwa – 塔加路族文" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Kaluluwa" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="塔加路族文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruh" title="Ruh – 土耳其文" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Ruh" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="土耳其文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%96%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Җан – 韃靼文" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Җан" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="韃靼文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%83%D1%88%D0%B0" title="Душа – 烏克蘭文" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Душа" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="烏克蘭文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%81%D8%B3_(%D8%AA%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%84)" title="نفس (تقابل) – 烏都文" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="نفس (تقابل)" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="烏都文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jon_(tushuncha)" title="Jon (tushuncha) – 烏茲別克文" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Jon (tushuncha)" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="烏茲別克文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%80nema" title="Ànema – 威尼斯文" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Ànema" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="威尼斯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%A2m_h%E1%BB%93n" title="Tâm hồn – 越南文" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Tâm hồn" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="越南文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%85me" title="Åme – 瓦隆文" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Åme" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="瓦隆文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalag" title="Kalag – 瓦瑞文" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Kalag" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="瓦瑞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%9D%88%E9%AD%82" title="靈魂 – 吳語" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="靈魂" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="吳語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A8%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98" title="შური – 明格列爾文" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="შური" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="明格列爾文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A0%D7%A9%D7%9E%D7%94" title="נשמה – 意第緒文" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="נשמה" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="意第緒文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hoenz" title="Hoenz – 壯文" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Hoenz" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="壯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%81%B5%E9%AD%82" title="灵魂 – 中文" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="灵魂" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="中文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%AAng-h%C3%BBn" title="Lêng-hûn – 閩南語" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Lêng-hûn" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="閩南語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q9165#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="改跨語言拎" class="wbc-editpage">改拎</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="空間名"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%88%E9%AD%82" title="睇吓內容頁[c]" 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> <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="架撐" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">架撐</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">架撐</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">移去側欄</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">收埋</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="多啲選項" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 動作 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%88%E9%AD%82"><span>閱</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9D%88%E9%AD%82&action=edit" title="改呢版嘅代碼[e]" accesskey="e"><span>改</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9D%88%E9%AD%82&action=history"><span>睇返紀錄</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 基本 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E9%82%8A%E5%BA%A6%E9%8F%88%E5%8E%BB%E5%91%A2%E7%89%88/%E9%9D%88%E9%AD%82" title="列出所有連接過嚟呢度嘅頁面[j]" accesskey="j"><span>有乜連過嚟</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E5%A4%96%E9%8F%88%E4%BF%AE%E6%94%B9/%E9%9D%88%E9%AD%82" rel="nofollow" title="由呢版連出去嘅版嘅最近修改[k]" accesskey="k"><span>連結頁嘅更改</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Project:%E4%B8%8A%E8%BC%89" title="上載檔案[u]" accesskey="u"><span>上載檔案</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E5%B0%88%E9%96%80%E7%89%88" title="所有專門版一覽[q]" accesskey="q"><span>專門版</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9D%88%E9%AD%82&oldid=2199272" title="呢版呢個修訂嘅永久網址"><span>固定連結</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9D%88%E9%AD%82&action=info" title="多啲同呢版有拏褦嘅資料"><span>此版明細</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%BC%95%E7%94%A8&page=%E9%9D%88%E9%AD%82&id=2199272&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="點樣引用呢頁嘅資訊"><span>引用呢篇文</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fzh-yue.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25E9%259D%2588%25E9%25AD%2582"><span>攞短網址</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fzh-yue.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25E9%259D%2588%25E9%25AD%2582"><span>下載QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-electronpdfservice-sidebar-portlet-heading" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-electronpdfservice-sidebar-portlet-heading" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 打印/匯出 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="electron-print_pdf" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=%E9%9D%88%E9%AD%82&action=show-download-screen"><span>下載PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="javascript:print();" rel="alternate" title="呢一版印得嘅版本[p]" accesskey="p"><span>印得嘅版本</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 第啲維基項目 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Soul" hreflang="en"><span>維基同享</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q9165" title="連到接住資料儲存庫嘅項目[g]" accesskey="g"><span>維基數據項</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="頁面工具"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="閱讀設定"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">閱讀設定</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">移去側欄</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">收埋</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">出自維基百科，自由嘅百科全書</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="yue" dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Souls_of_Pe_and_Nekhen_towing_at_Ramses%27_Temple_in_Abydos_c.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Souls_of_Pe_and_Nekhen_towing_at_Ramses%27_Temple_in_Abydos_c.jpg/300px-Souls_of_Pe_and_Nekhen_towing_at_Ramses%27_Temple_in_Abydos_c.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="361" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Souls_of_Pe_and_Nekhen_towing_at_Ramses%27_Temple_in_Abydos_c.jpg/450px-Souls_of_Pe_and_Nekhen_towing_at_Ramses%27_Temple_in_Abydos_c.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Souls_of_Pe_and_Nekhen_towing_at_Ramses%27_Temple_in_Abydos_c.jpg/600px-Souls_of_Pe_and_Nekhen_towing_at_Ramses%27_Temple_in_Abydos_c.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2448" data-file-height="2944" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E5%9F%83%E5%8F%8A" title="古埃及">古埃及</a>一幅畫咗靈魂嘅畫</figcaption></figure> <p><ruby><rb><b>靈魂</b></rb><rt><span>ling<span class="Jpingtone">4</span> wan<span class="Jpingtone">4</span></span></rt></ruby>響一啲<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99" title="宗教">宗教</a>同<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%91%E6%97%8F" title="民族">民族</a>入面，係指<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA" title="人">人</a>嘅心靈，控制住人嘅思想同行為，即使嗰個人死咗之後都仍然會存在。依家暫時未有<a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8" title="科學">科學</a>方法證明或者否定有靈魂。 </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="宗教觀點"><span id=".E5.AE.97.E6.95.99.E8.A7.80.E9.BB.9E"></span>宗教觀點</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9D%88%E9%AD%82&action=edit&section=1" title="編輯小節: 宗教觀點"><span>編輯</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>喺<a href="/wiki/%E7%8C%B6%E5%A4%AA%E6%95%99" title="猶太教">猶太教</a>同一啲<a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99" title="基督教">基督教</a>宗派入面，只有人類先有不朽嘅靈魂。<a href="/wiki/%E7%8C%B6%E5%A4%AA%E6%95%99" title="猶太教">猶太教</a>入面對<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%8D%E6%9C%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="不朽 (無呢版)">不朽</a>呢個概念有爭議，而<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%8D%E6%9C%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="不朽 (無呢版)">不朽</a>呢個概念最有可能係受到<a href="/wiki/%E6%9F%8F%E6%8B%89%E5%9C%96" title="柏拉圖">柏拉圖</a>嘅影響。<sup id="cite_ref-:1_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 舉個例，<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%89%98%E9%A6%AC%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E9%98%BF%E5%A5%8E%E9%82%A3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="托馬斯·阿奎那 (無呢版)">托馬斯·阿奎那</a>直接借鑒<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9E%E9%87%8C%E5%A3%AB%E5%A4%9A%E5%BE%B7" title="亞里士多德">亞里士多德</a>嘅《<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%AB%96%E9%9D%88%E9%AD%82&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="論靈魂 (無呢版)">論靈魂</a>》，將「靈魂」（<a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E6%96%87" title="拉丁文">拉丁文</a>：<span lang="en" style="font-family: serif;"><span class="texhtml">anima</span></span>）歸因於所有生物，但認為只有人類嘅靈魂先係不朽嘅。<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 其他宗教（最著名嘅係<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%E6%95%99" title="印度教">印度教</a>同<a href="/wiki/%E8%80%86%E9%82%A3%E6%95%99" title="耆那教">耆那教</a>）就相信由最細嘅細菌到最大嘅哺乳動物，所有生物都係靈魂本身（<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A2%B5%E6%88%91&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="梵我 (無呢版)">梵我</a>同<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%80%8B%E9%AB%94%E9%9D%88%E9%AD%82&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="個體靈魂 (無呢版)">個體靈魂</a>），而喺世界上有佢哋嘅物理代表（身體）。真正嘅<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%87%AA%E6%88%91&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="自我 (無呢版)">自我</a>就係靈魂，而身體只係經歷呢一生<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A5%AD%E5%A0%B1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="業報 (無呢版)">業報</a>嘅機制。所以，如果你見到一隻老虎，就有一個自我意識嘅身份（靈魂）住喺入面，同埋一個物理代表（老虎嘅整個身體，係可以觀察到嘅）喺世界上。好多人相信非生物嘢，好似河流同山脈，都有靈魂。呢種信念叫做<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%9B%E9%9D%88%E8%AB%96" class="mw-redirect" title="泛靈論">泛靈論</a>。<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="古代近東"><span id=".E5.8F.A4.E4.BB.A3.E8.BF.91.E6.9D.B1"></span>古代近東</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9D%88%E9%AD%82&action=edit&section=2" title="編輯小節: 古代近東"><span>編輯</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div role="note" class="hatnote">内文：<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%A4%E5%9F%83%E5%8F%8A%E9%9D%88%E9%AD%82%E6%A6%82%E5%BF%B5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="古埃及靈魂概念 (無呢版)">古埃及靈魂概念</a>同<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%A4%E4%BB%A3%E8%BF%91%E6%9D%B1%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="古代近東宗教 (無呢版)">古代近東宗教</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Souls_of_Pe_and_Nekhen_towing_at_Ramses%27_Temple_in_Abydos_c.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Souls_of_Pe_and_Nekhen_towing_at_Ramses%27_Temple_in_Abydos_c.jpg/220px-Souls_of_Pe_and_Nekhen_towing_at_Ramses%27_Temple_in_Abydos_c.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="265" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Souls_of_Pe_and_Nekhen_towing_at_Ramses%27_Temple_in_Abydos_c.jpg/330px-Souls_of_Pe_and_Nekhen_towing_at_Ramses%27_Temple_in_Abydos_c.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Souls_of_Pe_and_Nekhen_towing_at_Ramses%27_Temple_in_Abydos_c.jpg/440px-Souls_of_Pe_and_Nekhen_towing_at_Ramses%27_Temple_in_Abydos_c.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2448" data-file-height="2944" /></a><figcaption><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BD%A9%E5%90%8C%E5%85%A7%E8%82%AF%E5%98%85%E9%9D%88%E9%AD%82&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="佩同內肯嘅靈魂 (無呢版)">佩同內肯嘅靈魂</a>喺<a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E7%BE%8E%E8%A5%BF%E6%96%AF%E4%BA%8C%E4%B8%96" title="拉美西斯二世">拉美西斯二世</a>位於<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%98%BF%E6%8B%9C%E5%A4%9A%E6%96%AF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="阿拜多斯 (無呢版)">阿拜多斯</a>嘅神廟浮雕上拖曳<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%9A%87%E5%AE%B6%E5%A4%A7%E8%88%B9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="皇家大船 (無呢版)">皇家大船</a></figcaption></figure> <p>喺<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%A4%E5%9F%83%E5%8F%8A%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="古埃及宗教 (無呢版)">古埃及宗教</a>入面，人相信由唔同嘅元素組成，有啲係物質嘅，有啲係精神嘅。喺古亞述同巴比倫宗教入面都有類似嘅概念。<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BA%AB%E5%A1%94%E7%A9%86%E7%93%A6%E7%9F%B3%E7%A2%91&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="庫塔穆瓦石碑 (無呢版)">庫塔穆瓦石碑</a>係公元前8世紀<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%96%A9%E7%91%AA%E7%88%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="薩瑪爾 (無呢版)">薩瑪爾</a>一位王室官員嘅葬禮石碑，描述<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BA%AB%E5%A1%94%E7%A9%86%E7%93%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="庫塔穆瓦 (無呢版)">庫塔穆瓦</a>要求佢嘅哀悼者用盛宴紀念佢嘅生平同來世，「為咗我喺呢塊石碑入面嘅靈魂」。呢係最早將靈魂描述為同身體分開嘅實體嘅參考之一。呢塊重800磅嘅<a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%84%E6%AD%A6%E5%B2%A9" title="玄武岩">玄武岩</a>石碑高3英尺，闊2英尺。係喺<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8A%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%93%A5%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%B8%E6%9D%B1%E6%96%B9%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%89%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="芝加哥大學東方研究所 (無呢版)">芝加哥大學東方研究所</a>諾伊鮑爾探險隊第三季發掘期間發現嘅。<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="巴哈伊信仰"><span id=".E5.B7.B4.E5.93.88.E4.BC.8A.E4.BF.A1.E4.BB.B0"></span>巴哈伊信仰</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9D%88%E9%AD%82&action=edit&section=3" title="編輯小節: 巴哈伊信仰"><span>編輯</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E5%93%88%E4%BC%8A%E4%BF%A1%E4%BB%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="巴哈伊信仰">巴哈伊信仰</a>確認「靈魂係上帝嘅徵兆，係一顆天國嘅寶石，就連最有學問嘅人都未能領會佢嘅本質，無論幾敏銳嘅頭腦都冇辦法解開佢嘅奧秘。」<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E5%93%88%E6%AD%90%E6%8B%89" title="巴哈歐拉">巴哈歐拉</a>講過，靈魂唔單止喺人嘅肉體死亡之後繼續生存，而且仲係真正不朽嘅。<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 天堂可以部分理解為靈魂同上帝親近嘅狀態，而<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E7%8D%84" title="地獄">地獄</a>就係同上帝疏遠嘅狀態。呢兩種狀態都係個人努力嘅自然結果，或者係缺乏靈性發展嘅結果。<sup id="cite_ref-rob1_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rob1-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 巴哈歐拉教導話，個人喺來到地球之前係冇存在嘅，而靈魂嘅進化永遠都係朝向上帝，遠離物質世界。<sup id="cite_ref-rob1_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rob1-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="佛教"><span id=".E4.BD.9B.E6.95.99"></span>佛教</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9D%88%E9%AD%82&action=edit&section=4" title="編輯小節: 佛教"><span>編輯</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99" title="佛教">佛教</a>嘅傳統教義認為，靈魂、自我或ego作為一個獨立永恆嘅實體係唔存在嘅。自我嘅不存在（<a href="/wiki/%E7%84%A1%E6%88%91" title="無我">無我</a>）、萬事萬物嘅<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%84%A1%E5%B8%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="無常 (無呢版)">無常</a>、同眾生因執著自我同永恆概念而經歷嘅<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="苦">苦</a>，係幾乎所有<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99%E5%AD%B8%E6%B4%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="佛教學派 (無呢版)">佛教學派</a>嘅核心概念。<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BD%9B%E6%80%A7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="佛性 (無呢版)">佛性</a>嘅教義雖然有時會被誤解為某種「真我」或「靈魂」，但事實上要正確理解呢個概念，必須接受<a href="/wiki/%E7%84%A1%E6%88%91" title="無我">無我</a>嘅概念。<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="基督教"><span id=".E5.9F.BA.E7.9D.A3.E6.95.99"></span>基督教</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9D%88%E9%AD%82&action=edit&section=5" title="編輯小節: 基督教"><span>編輯</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div role="note" class="hatnote">睇埋：<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99%E6%AD%BB%E4%BA%A1%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="基督教死亡主義 (無呢版)">基督教死亡主義</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9D%88%E9%AD%82%E4%B8%8D%E6%9C%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="靈魂不朽 (無呢版)">靈魂不朽</a>同<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%81%96%E7%B6%93%E4%B8%AD%E5%98%85%E9%9D%88%E9%AD%82&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="聖經中嘅靈魂 (無呢版)">聖經中嘅靈魂</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:SoulCarriedtoHeaven.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/SoulCarriedtoHeaven.jpg/220px-SoulCarriedtoHeaven.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="142" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/SoulCarriedtoHeaven.jpg/330px-SoulCarriedtoHeaven.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/SoulCarriedtoHeaven.jpg/440px-SoulCarriedtoHeaven.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="518" /></a><figcaption><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A8%81%E5%BB%89%C2%B7%E5%B8%83%E6%A0%BC%E7%BE%85&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="威廉·布格羅 (無呢版)">威廉·布格羅</a>畫嘅兩個天使將靈魂帶到天堂嘅描繪</figcaption></figure> <p>根據一啲<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99%E6%9C%AB%E4%B8%96%E8%AB%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="基督教末世論 (無呢版)">基督教末世論</a>，當人死嘅時候，佢哋嘅靈魂會受到上帝嘅<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%89%B9%E5%88%A5%E5%AF%A9%E5%88%A4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="特別審判 (無呢版)">特別審判</a>，決定去<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%A9%E5%A0%82%EF%BC%88%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99%EF%BC%89&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="天堂（基督教） (無呢版)">天堂</a>定係去<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99%E5%B0%8D%E5%86%A5%E7%95%8C%E5%98%85%E7%9C%8B%E6%B3%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="基督教對冥界嘅看法 (無呢版)">冥界</a>等待<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%A9%E6%B4%BB" title="復活">復活</a>。最古老嘅基督教分支，<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99" class="mw-redirect" title="天主教">天主教</a>同<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E6%AD%A3%E6%95%99" title="東正教">東正教</a>同<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E6%96%B9%E6%AD%A3%E7%B5%B1%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83" title="東方正統教會">東方正統教會</a>，都堅持呢個觀點，好多<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E6%95%99" class="mw-redirect" title="新教">新教</a>宗派都係。有啲新教徒將靈魂理解為生命，認為死者冇意識存在，直到<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%80%E5%BE%8C%E5%AF%A9%E5%88%A4" title="最後審判">最後審判</a>之後（呢個叫做<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99%E6%A2%9D%E4%BB%B6%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="基督教條件主義 (無呢版)">基督教條件主義</a>）。有啲新教徒相信不義者嘅靈魂同身體會喺<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99%E5%B0%8D%E5%9C%B0%E7%8D%84%E5%98%85%E7%9C%8B%E6%B3%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="基督教對地獄嘅看法 (無呢版)">地獄</a>被摧毀，而唔係永恆受苦（<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B9%AE%E6%BB%85%E8%AA%AA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="湮滅說 (無呢版)">湮滅說</a>）。信徒會繼承<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%B8%E7%94%9F%EF%BC%88%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99%EF%BC%89&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="永生（基督教） (無呢版)">永生（基督教）</a>，要喺天堂，要喺地上嘅<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%8A%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B%E5%BA%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="上帝國度 (無呢版)">上帝國度</a>，同上帝永遠相交。其他基督徒就唔接受對靈魂嘅懲罰。<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%9D%E7%BE%85" class="mw-redirect" title="保羅">保羅</a>用咗希臘文嘅psyche（<span lang="en" style="font-family: serif;"><span class="texhtml">ψυχή</span></span>）同pneuma（<span lang="en" style="font-family: serif;"><span class="texhtml">πνεῦμα</span></span>）特別去區分希伯來文嘅nephesh（נפש）同ruah（רוח），即係靈，<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>（喺《七十士譯本》入面都有，例如創世記1:2 רוּחַ אֱלֹהִים = <span lang="en" style="font-family: serif;"><span class="texhtml">πνεῦμα θεοῦ</span></span> = spiritus Dei = 「上帝嘅靈」）。基督徒普遍相信靈魂存在，而且係永恆同無限嘅。<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="靈魂嘅起源"><span id=".E9.9D.88.E9.AD.82.E5.98.85.E8.B5.B7.E6.BA.90"></span>靈魂嘅起源</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9D%88%E9%AD%82&action=edit&section=6" title="編輯小節: 靈魂嘅起源"><span>編輯</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>「靈魂嘅起源」喺基督教入面一直係個令人困擾嘅問題。主要嘅理論包括<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%89%B5%E9%80%A0%E8%AB%96%EF%BC%88%E9%9D%88%E9%AD%82%EF%BC%89&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="創造論（靈魂） (無呢版)">靈魂創造論</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%81%BA%E5%82%B3%E8%AB%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="遺傳論 (無呢版)">遺傳論</a>同<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%85%88%E5%AD%98%E8%AB%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="先存論 (無呢版)">先存論</a>。根據靈魂創造論，上帝直接創造每個人嘅靈魂，可能係喺受孕嘅一刻，或者喺之後嘅某個時間。根據遺傳論，靈魂係通過父母自然傳遞嘅。根據先存論，靈魂喺受孕之前就已經存在。對於人類<a href="/wiki/%E8%83%9A%E8%83%8E" title="胚胎">胚胎</a>係咪喺受孕嗰陣就有靈魂，定係喺受孕同出生之間嘅某個時間點<a href="/wiki/%E8%83%8E%E5%85%92" class="mw-redirect" title="胎兒">胎兒</a>先獲得靈魂、<a href="/wiki/%E6%84%8F%E8%AD%98" title="意識">意識</a>同/或<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E6%A0%BC" class="mw-redirect" title="人格">人格</a>，呢啲問題都有唔同嘅睇法。喺呢個問題上嘅立場，會影響到對<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99%E5%90%8C%E5%A2%AE%E8%83%8E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="基督教同墮胎 (無呢版)">基督教同墮胎</a>嘅道德判斷。<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="靈魂嘅三分法"><span id=".E9.9D.88.E9.AD.82.E5.98.85.E4.B8.89.E5.88.86.E6.B3.95"></span>靈魂嘅三分法</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9D%88%E9%AD%82&action=edit&section=7" title="編輯小節: 靈魂嘅三分法"><span>編輯</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>有啲基督徒支持人類嘅<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%89%E5%88%86%E6%B3%95%EF%BC%88%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%B8%EF%BC%89&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="三分法（哲學） (無呢版)">三分法</a>觀點，將人類描述為由身體（soma）、靈魂（psyche）同靈（<a href="/w/index.php?title=Pneuma&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pneuma (無呢版)">pneuma</a>）組成；<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 不過，大多數現代聖經學者指出，喺好多聖經段落入面，「靈」同「靈魂」呢兩個概念係可以互換使用嘅，所以佢哋支持二分法：即係認為每個人由身體同靈魂組成。保羅講過「身體同靈魂相爭」，「因為上帝嘅道係活潑嘅，係有功效嘅，比一切兩刃嘅劍更加鋒利，甚至魂同靈，骨節同骨髓，都可以刺入、剖開」（希伯來書4:12 NASB），仲有「我克制我嘅身體」，要控制住佢。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="「Tota_in_toto_corpore」"><span id=".E3.80.8CTota_in_toto_corpore.E3.80.8D"></span>「Tota in toto corpore」</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9D%88%E9%AD%82&action=edit&section=8" title="編輯小節: 「Tota in toto corpore」"><span>編輯</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>根據<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%89%98%E9%A6%AC%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E9%98%BF%E5%A5%8E%E9%82%A3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="托馬斯·阿奎那 (無呢版)">托馬斯·阿奎那</a>，靈魂是「tota in toto corpore」。<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>呢個意思係話靈魂係完整咁包含喺每一部分嘅人體內，所以無所不在，唔可以話佢只喺心臟或者大腦度，亦唔可以將佢同身體分割（除咗喺身體死咗之後）。喺《<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%AB%96%E4%B8%89%E4%BD%8D%E4%B8%80%E9%AB%94&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="論三位一體 (無呢版)">論三位一體</a>》第四卷裡面，<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B8%8C%E6%B3%A2%E7%9A%84%E5%A5%A7%E5%8F%A4%E6%96%AF%E4%B8%81&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="希波的奧古斯丁 (無呢版)">希波的奧古斯丁</a>都有講到，靈魂係完整存在於整個身體之中，亦同樣係存在於每一部分裡面。<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="各宗派嘅睇法"><span id=".E5.90.84.E5.AE.97.E6.B4.BE.E5.98.85.E7.9D.87.E6.B3.95"></span>各宗派嘅睇法</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9D%88%E9%AD%82&action=edit&section=9" title="編輯小節: 各宗派嘅睇法"><span>編輯</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>；羅馬天主教現時嘅<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99%E6%95%99%E7%90%86&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="天主教教理 (無呢版)">天主教教理</a>講到，「『靈魂』呢個詞指係人內心最核心嘅部分，亦即係佢哋最有價值嘅地方，係佢哋喺上帝形象中最獨特嘅部分：『靈魂』代表咗人類嘅精神原則。」<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 所有生同死嘅靈魂將會喺<a href="/wiki/%E8%80%B6%E7%A9%8C%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="耶穌基督">耶穌基督</a>再臨世間嘅時候受到審判。天主教教導每個人嘅靈魂嘅存在完全依賴於上帝，並聲明：「信仰嘅教義肯定靈魂係精神嘅同永生不滅嘅，係即時由上帝創造出嚟嘅。」<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dutch_Church_Sleepy_Hollow_24.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Dutch_Church_Sleepy_Hollow_24.JPG/220px-Dutch_Church_Sleepy_Hollow_24.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Dutch_Church_Sleepy_Hollow_24.JPG/330px-Dutch_Church_Sleepy_Hollow_24.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Dutch_Church_Sleepy_Hollow_24.JPG/440px-Dutch_Church_Sleepy_Hollow_24.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736" /></a><figcaption>17世紀喺<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B2%89%E7%9D%A1%E8%B0%B7%E8%88%8A%E8%8D%B7%E8%98%AD%E6%95%99%E5%A0%82&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="沉睡谷舊荷蘭教堂 (無呢版)">沉睡谷舊荷蘭教堂</a>墓地上描繪靈魂嘅墓碑</figcaption></figure> <p>；新教新教徒通常相信靈魂嘅存在同不朽性，不過分咗兩大派系，對於呢啲信仰喺<a href="/wiki/%E4%BE%86%E4%B8%96" title="來世">來世</a>方面嘅意思有唔同解釋。有啲人，跟隨<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%B4%84%E7%BF%B0%C2%B7%E5%8A%A0%E7%88%BE%E6%96%87&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="約翰·加爾文 (無呢版)">約翰·加爾文</a>，相信<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9D%88%E9%AD%82%E4%B8%8D%E6%BB%85&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="靈魂不滅 (無呢版)">靈魂不滅</a>，死後仲保持有意識。<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 另一些人，跟隨<a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E4%B8%81%C2%B7%E8%B7%AF%E5%BE%B7" class="mw-redirect" title="馬丁·路德">馬丁·路德</a>，認為<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9D%88%E9%AD%82%E8%88%87%E8%BA%AB%E9%AB%94%E5%90%8C%E6%AD%BB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="靈魂與身體同死 (無呢版)">靈魂與身體同死</a>，同死後冇意識，直到<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%AD%BB%E4%BA%BA%E5%BE%A9%E6%B4%BB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="死人復活 (無呢版)">死人復活</a>時再次甦醒。<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>；復臨運動源自<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BE%A9%E8%87%A8%E9%81%8B%E5%8B%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="復臨運動 (無呢版)">復臨運動</a>嘅各<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%96%B0%E8%88%88%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E9%81%8B%E5%8B%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="新興宗教運動 (無呢版)">新興宗教運動</a>，包括<a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E5%BC%9F%E5%85%84%E6%9C%83" title="基督弟兄會">基督弟兄會</a>，<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E5%BE%A9%E8%87%A8%E5%AE%89%E6%81%AF%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%83" title="基督復臨安息日會">基督復臨安息日會</a>，<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>同埋<a href="/wiki/%E8%80%B6%E5%92%8C%E8%8F%AF%E8%A6%8B%E8%AD%89%E4%BA%BA" title="耶和華見證人">耶和華見證人</a>，<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>都相信死後並冇靈魂同身體分離，並且死者係冇意識嘅，直到復活。 </p><p>；後期聖徒運動（摩門教） <a href="/wiki/%E8%80%B6%E7%A9%8C%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E5%BE%8C%E6%9C%9F%E8%81%96%E5%BE%92%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83" title="耶穌基督後期聖徒教會">耶穌基督後期聖徒教會</a>教導精神同身體一齊構成咗人類嘅靈魂，指出：「精神同身體係人類嘅靈魂。」 </p><p><sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="疏仕"><span id=".E7.96.8F.E4.BB.95"></span>疏仕</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9D%88%E9%AD%82&action=edit&section=10" title="編輯小節: 疏仕"><span>編輯</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r2020813">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist 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.hai2zeoi3mei1ge3.zi6:after{transform:rotate(90deg)translate(-0.25em,0.5em)}.mw-parser-output .fan1gaak3+.zi6:after{clip-path:inset(0 0 0 0.1em)}.mw-parser-output .pin1ming4 .zi6:after,.mw-parser-output .syu1ming4 .zi6:after,.mw-parser-output .zyun1ming4 .zi6:after,.mw-parser-output .zoek6zung6 .zi6:after{position:absolute;align-self:baseline;margin-left:-1em}.mw-parser-output .pin1ming4 .zi6:after,.mw-parser-output .syu1ming4 .zi6:after{padding-top:1em;content:"﹋"}.mw-parser-output .zyun1ming4 .zi6:after{content:"︳";transform-origin:bottom left;transform:rotate(90deg)translate(-0.25em,0.35em)}.mw-parser-output .zoek6zung6 .zi6:after{padding-top:0.6em;content:"·";width:1em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .koen1zo2,.mw-parser-output .pin1ming4-b .hoi1-adj,.mw-parser-output .syu1ming4-b .hoi1-adj{margin-left:-0.4em}.mw-parser-output .koen1jau6,.mw-parser-output .pin1ming4-b .saan1-adj,.mw-parser-output .syu1ming4-b .saan1-adj{margin-right:-0.4em}.mw-parser-output .zyun1ming4-b{white-space:nowrap;border-bottom:0.05em solid currentColor}.mw-parser-output .zyun1ming4-b+link+.zyun1ming4-b,.mw-parser-output .zyun1ming4-b+.zyun1ming4-b{margin-left:0.083em}.mw-parser-output .references-small>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .references-small>ul>li{margin-left:3em;text-indent:-3em;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/articles/8092-immortality-of-the-soul"><span class="pin1ming4-b" aria-label="〈靈魂嘅不朽〉"><span class="zit3"><span class="koen1zo2">〈</span>靈</span><span class="zit3">魂嘅不朽</span><span class="zit3"><span class="koen1jau6">〉</span></span></span></a>。<i>jewishencyclopedia.com</i>。原先內容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161220130344/http://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/articles/8092-immortality-of-the-soul">歸檔</a>喺2016年12月20號<span class="reference-accessdate">。喺<span class="nowrap">2016-12-14</span>搵到</span>。</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=jewishencyclopedia.com&rft.atitle=%E9%9D%88%E9%AD%82%E5%98%85%E4%B8%8D%E6%9C%BD&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jewishencyclopedia.com%2Farticles%2F8092-immortality-of-the-soul&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh-yue.wikipedia.org%3A%E9%9D%88%E9%AD%82" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Peter Eardley 同 Carl Still 著，《阿奎那：迷惑者指南》（倫敦：Continuum出版社，2010年），34-35頁</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080709052029/http://www.bartleby.com/65/so/soul.html">「靈魂」</a>，《哥倫比亞百科全書》，第六版，2001-07。2008年11月12號擷取。</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2190673"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2008/11/18/science/18soul.html?8dpc=&_r=1&pagewanted=all"><span class="pin1ming4-b" aria-label="〈發現：一座古代靈魂紀念碑〉"><span class="zit3"><span class="koen1zo2">〈</span>發</span><span class="zit3">現：一座古代靈魂紀念碑</span><span class="zit3"><span class="koen1jau6">〉</span></span></span></a>。<span class="syu1ming4-b" aria-label="《紐約時報》"><a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%90%E7%B4%84%E6%99%82%E5%A0%B1" title="紐約時報"><span class="zit3"><span class="koen1zo2">《</span>紐</span><span class="zit3">約時報</span><span class="zit3"><span class="koen1jau6">》</span></span></a></span>。2008年11月17號。原先內容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090424210754/http://www.nytimes.com/2008/11/18/science/18soul.html?8dpc=&_r=1&pagewanted=all">歸檔</a>喺2009年4月24號<span class="reference-accessdate">。喺2008年11月18號搵到</span>。</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=%E7%B4%90%E7%B4%84%E6%99%82%E5%A0%B1&rft.atitle=%E7%99%BC%E7%8F%BE%EF%BC%9A%E4%B8%80%E5%BA%A7%E5%8F%A4%E4%BB%A3%E9%9D%88%E9%AD%82%E7%B4%80%E5%BF%B5%E7%A2%91&rft.date=2008-11-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2008%2F11%2F18%2Fscience%2F18soul.html%3F8dpc%3D%26_r%3D1%26pagewanted%3Dall&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh-yue.wikipedia.org%3A%E9%9D%88%E9%AD%82" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2190673"><cite id="CITEREF巴哈歐拉1976" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E5%93%88%E6%AD%90%E6%8B%89" title="巴哈歐拉">巴哈歐拉</a> (1976)。<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/gleaningsfromwri0000baha_w8j0/page/158"><span class="syu1ming4-b" aria-label="《巴哈歐拉聖作選粹》"><span class="zit3"><span class="koen1zo2">《</span>巴</span><span class="zit3">哈歐拉聖作選粹</span><span class="zit3"><span class="koen1jau6">》</span></span></span></a>。伊利諾伊州威爾梅特：巴哈伊出版信託。頁 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/gleaningsfromwri0000baha_w8j0/page/158">158–63</a>。<a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%9B%B8%E6%9C%AC%E4%BE%86%E6%BA%90/978-0-87743-187-9" title="Special:書本來源/978-0-87743-187-9"><bdi>978-0-87743-187-9</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">。喺<span class="nowrap">2016-02-23</span>搵到</span>。</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%E5%B7%B4%E5%93%88%E6%AD%90%E6%8B%89%E8%81%96%E4%BD%9C%E9%81%B8%E7%B2%B9&rft.place=%E4%BC%8A%E5%88%A9%E8%AB%BE%E4%BC%8A%E5%B7%9E%E5%A8%81%E7%88%BE%E6%A2%85%E7%89%B9&rft.pages=158-63&rft.pub=%E5%B7%B4%E5%93%88%E4%BC%8A%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E4%BF%A1%E8%A8%97&rft.date=1976&rft.isbn=978-0-87743-187-9&rft.au=%E5%B7%B4%E5%93%88%E6%AD%90%E6%8B%89&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fgleaningsfromwri0000baha_w8j0%2Fpage%2F158&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh-yue.wikipedia.org%3A%E9%9D%88%E9%AD%82" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2190673"><cite id="CITEREF巴哈歐拉1976" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E5%93%88%E6%AD%90%E6%8B%89" title="巴哈歐拉">巴哈歐拉</a> (1976)。<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/gleaningsfromwri0000baha_w8j0/page/155"><span class="syu1ming4-b" aria-label="《巴哈歐拉聖作選粹》"><span class="zit3"><span class="koen1zo2">《</span>巴</span><span class="zit3">哈歐拉聖作選粹</span><span class="zit3"><span class="koen1jau6">》</span></span></span></a>。伊利諾伊州威爾梅特：巴哈伊出版信託。頁 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/gleaningsfromwri0000baha_w8j0/page/155">155–58</a>。<a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%9B%B8%E6%9C%AC%E4%BE%86%E6%BA%90/978-0-87743-187-9" title="Special:書本來源/978-0-87743-187-9"><bdi>978-0-87743-187-9</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">。喺<span class="nowrap">2016-02-23</span>搵到</span>。</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%E5%B7%B4%E5%93%88%E6%AD%90%E6%8B%89%E8%81%96%E4%BD%9C%E9%81%B8%E7%B2%B9&rft.place=%E4%BC%8A%E5%88%A9%E8%AB%BE%E4%BC%8A%E5%B7%9E%E5%A8%81%E7%88%BE%E6%A2%85%E7%89%B9&rft.pages=155-58&rft.pub=%E5%B7%B4%E5%93%88%E4%BC%8A%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E4%BF%A1%E8%A8%97&rft.date=1976&rft.isbn=978-0-87743-187-9&rft.au=%E5%B7%B4%E5%93%88%E6%AD%90%E6%8B%89&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fgleaningsfromwri0000baha_w8j0%2Fpage%2F155&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh-yue.wikipedia.org%3A%E9%9D%88%E9%AD%82" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-rob1-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-rob1_8-0">7.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-rob1_8-1">7.1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2190673"><cite id="CITEREFTaherzadeh,_Adib1976" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Adib_Taherzadeh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Adib Taherzadeh (無呢版)">Taherzadeh, Adib</a> (1976)。<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.peyman.info/cl/Baha%27i/Others/ROB/V1/Contents.html"><span class="syu1ming4-b" aria-label="《巴哈歐拉天啟，第一卷》"><span class="zit3"><span class="koen1zo2">《</span>巴</span><span class="zit3">哈歐拉天啟，第一卷</span><span class="zit3"><span class="koen1jau6">》</span></span></span></a>。牛津：George Ronald。<a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%9B%B8%E6%9C%AC%E4%BE%86%E6%BA%90/978-0-85398-270-8" title="Special:書本來源/978-0-85398-270-8"><bdi>978-0-85398-270-8</bdi></a>。原先內容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160303191017/http://www.peyman.info/cl/Baha'i/Others/ROB/V1/Contents.html">歸檔</a>喺2016年3月3號<span class="reference-accessdate">。喺<span class="nowrap">2016-02-23</span>搵到</span>。</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%E5%B7%B4%E5%93%88%E6%AD%90%E6%8B%89%E5%A4%A9%E5%95%9F%EF%BC%8C%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E5%8D%B7&rft.place=%E7%89%9B%E6%B4%A5&rft.pub=George+Ronald&rft.date=1976&rft.isbn=978-0-85398-270-8&rft.au=Taherzadeh%2C+Adib&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.peyman.info%2Fcl%2FBaha%2527i%2FOthers%2FROB%2FV1%2FContents.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh-yue.wikipedia.org%3A%E9%9D%88%E9%AD%82" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2190673"><cite id="CITEREF釋" class="citation web cs1">釋恆清。<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.budsas.org/ebud/ebdha191.htm"><span class="pin1ming4-b" aria-label="〈如來藏嘅意義——空性嘅正面表達〉"><span class="zit3"><span class="koen1zo2">〈</span>如</span><span class="zit3">來藏嘅意義——空性嘅正面表達</span><span class="zit3"><span class="koen1jau6">〉</span></span></span></a><span class="reference-accessdate">。喺<span class="nowrap">2023-07-15</span>搵到</span>。</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E5%A6%82%E4%BE%86%E8%97%8F%E5%98%85%E6%84%8F%E7%BE%A9%E2%80%94%E2%80%94%E7%A9%BA%E6%80%A7%E5%98%85%E6%AD%A3%E9%9D%A2%E8%A1%A8%E9%81%94&rft.aulast=%E9%87%8B&rft.aufirst=%E6%81%86%E6%B8%85&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.budsas.org%2Febud%2Febdha191.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh-yue.wikipedia.org%3A%E9%9D%88%E9%AD%82" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2190673"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides/zdwj382/revision/7#:~:text=Some%20Christians%20have%20rejected%20the,Hell%20goes%20against%20God%27s%20omnibenevolent"><span class="pin1ming4-b" aria-label="〈死後生命——天堂、地獄同煉獄〉"><span class="zit3"><span class="koen1zo2">〈</span>死</span><span class="zit3">後生命——天堂、地獄同煉獄</span><span class="zit3"><span class="koen1jau6">〉</span></span></span></a>。基督教救恩。<span class="syu1ming4-b" aria-label="《[[BBC]] Bitesize指南》"><span class="zit3"><span class="koen1zo2">《</span>[</span><span class="zit3">[BBC]] Bitesize指南</span><span class="zit3"><span class="koen1jau6">》</span></span></span>。GCSE宗教研究複習——OCR。</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BBC+Bitesize%E6%8C%87%E5%8D%97&rft.atitle=%E6%AD%BB%E5%BE%8C%E7%94%9F%E5%91%BD%E2%80%94%E2%80%94%E5%A4%A9%E5%A0%82%E3%80%81%E5%9C%B0%E7%8D%84%E5%90%8C%E7%85%89%E7%8D%84&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fbitesize%2Fguides%2Fzdwj382%2Frevision%2F7%23%3A~%3Atext%3DSome%2520Christians%2520have%2520rejected%2520the%2CHell%2520goes%2520against%2520God%2527s%2520omnibenevolent&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh-yue.wikipedia.org%3A%E9%9D%88%E9%AD%82" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-11">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2190673"><cite id="CITEREF大主教_Vlachos1985" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">大主教 Vlachos, Hierotheos (1985年9月30號)。<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eclass.uoa.gr/modules/document/file.php/THEOL160/%CE%9A%CE%B5%CE%AF%CE%BC%CE%B5%CE%BD%CE%B1%20%CE%B3%CE%B9%CE%B1%20%CF%80%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%83%CF%89%CF%80%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE%20%CE%B8%CE%B5%CE%BF%CE%BB%CE%BF%CE%B3%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE%20%CE%BA%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%AC%CF%81%CF%84%CE%B9%CF%83%CE%B7/%CE%9F%CE%A1%CE%98%CE%9F%CE%94%CE%9F%CE%9E%CE%97%20%CE%A8%CE%A5%CE%A7%CE%9F%CE%98%CE%95%CE%A1%CE%91%CE%A0%CE%95%CE%99%CE%91.pdf"><span class="pin1ming4-b" aria-label="〈第三章〉"><span class="zit3"><span class="koen1zo2">〈</span>第</span><span class="zit3">三章</span><span class="zit3"><span class="koen1jau6">〉</span></span></span></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oodegr.com/oode/dogma/psyxi1.htm"><span class="syu1ming4-b" aria-label="《東正教心理治療》"><span class="zit3"><span class="koen1zo2">《</span>東</span><span class="zit3">正教心理治療</span><span class="zit3"><span class="koen1jau6">》</span></span></span></a> (希臘文)。Edessa：提米奧斯十字架聖修道院。頁咩係靈魂<span class="reference-accessdate">。喺2023年1月25號搵到</span>。</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%89%E7%AB%A0&rft.btitle=%E6%9D%B1%E6%AD%A3%E6%95%99%E5%BF%83%E7%90%86%E6%B2%BB%E7%99%82&rft.place=Edessa&rft.pages=%E5%92%A9%E4%BF%82%E9%9D%88%E9%AD%82&rft.pub=%E6%8F%90%E7%B1%B3%E5%A5%A7%E6%96%AF%E5%8D%81%E5%AD%97%E6%9E%B6%E8%81%96%E4%BF%AE%E9%81%93%E9%99%A2&rft.date=1985-09-30&rft.aulast=%E5%A4%A7%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99+Vlachos&rft.aufirst=Hierotheos&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Feclass.uoa.gr%2Fmodules%2Fdocument%2Ffile.php%2FTHEOL160%2F%25CE%259A%25CE%25B5%25CE%25AF%25CE%25BC%25CE%25B5%25CE%25BD%25CE%25B1%2520%25CE%25B3%25CE%25B9%25CE%25B1%2520%25CF%2580%25CF%2581%25CE%25BF%25CF%2583%25CF%2589%25CF%2580%25CE%25B9%25CE%25BA%25CE%25AE%2520%25CE%25B8%25CE%25B5%25CE%25BF%25CE%25BB%25CE%25BF%25CE%25B3%25CE%25B9%25CE%25BA%25CE%25AE%2520%25CE%25BA%25CE%25B1%25CF%2584%25CE%25AC%25CF%2581%25CF%2584%25CE%25B9%25CF%2583%25CE%25B7%2F%25CE%259F%25CE%25A1%25CE%2598%25CE%259F%25CE%2594%25CE%259F%25CE%259E%25CE%2597%2520%25CE%25A8%25CE%25A5%25CE%25A7%25CE%259F%25CE%2598%25CE%2595%25CE%25A1%25CE%2591%25CE%25A0%25CE%2595%25CE%2599%25CE%2591.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh-yue.wikipedia.org%3A%E9%9D%88%E9%AD%82" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-12">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2190673"><cite id="CITEREF哈拉瑞2017" class="citation book cs1">哈拉瑞, 尤瓦爾·諾亞 (2017)。<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/951507538"><span class="syu1ming4-b" aria-label="《人類大命運：從智人到神人》"><span class="zit3"><span class="koen1zo2">《</span>人</span><span class="zit3">類大命運：從智人到神人</span><span class="zit3"><span class="koen1jau6">》</span></span></span></a> (美國第一版)。紐約：<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%93%88%E7%8F%80%E6%9F%AF%E6%9E%97%E6%96%AF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="哈珀柯林斯 (無呢版)">哈珀出版社</a>。頁 92。<a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%9B%B8%E6%9C%AC%E4%BE%86%E6%BA%90/978-0-06-246431-6" title="Special:書本來源/978-0-06-246431-6"><bdi>978-0-06-246431-6</bdi></a>。<a href="/w/index.php?title=OCLC_(identifier)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="OCLC (identifier) (無呢版)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/oclc/951507538">951507538</a>。</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%E4%BA%BA%E9%A1%9E%E5%A4%A7%E5%91%BD%E9%81%8B%EF%BC%9A%E5%BE%9E%E6%99%BA%E4%BA%BA%E5%88%B0%E7%A5%9E%E4%BA%BA&rft.place=%E7%B4%90%E7%B4%84&rft.pages=92&rft.edition=%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E7%89%88&rft.pub=%E5%93%88%E7%8F%80%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E7%A4%BE&rft.date=2017&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F951507538&rft.isbn=978-0-06-246431-6&rft.aulast=%E5%93%88%E6%8B%89%E7%91%9E&rft.aufirst=%E5%B0%A4%E7%93%A6%E7%88%BE%C2%B7%E8%AB%BE%E4%BA%9E&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F951507538&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh-yue.wikipedia.org%3A%E9%9D%88%E9%AD%82" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-13">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2190673"><cite id="CITEREFPacholczyk" class="citation web cs1">Pacholczyk, Tadeusz神父，博士。<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.catholiceducation.org/articles/medical_ethics/me0116.htm"><span class="pin1ming4-b" aria-label="〈胚胎有靈魂咩？〉"><span class="zit3"><span class="koen1zo2">〈</span>胚</span><span class="zit3">胎有靈魂咩？</span><span class="zit3"><span class="koen1jau6">〉</span></span></span></a>。天主教教育資源中心。<i>Catholiceducation.org</i>。原先內容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110629203818/http://www.catholiceducation.org/articles/medical_ethics/me0116.htm">歸檔</a>喺2011年6月29號<span class="reference-accessdate">。喺2011年11月13號搵到</span>。</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Catholiceducation.org&rft.atitle=%E8%83%9A%E8%83%8E%E6%9C%89%E9%9D%88%E9%AD%82%E5%92%A9%EF%BC%9F&rft.aulast=Pacholczyk&rft.aufirst=Tadeusz%E7%A5%9E%E7%88%B6%EF%BC%8C%E5%8D%9A%E5%A3%AB&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.catholiceducation.org%2Farticles%2Fmedical_ethics%2Fme0116.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh-yue.wikipedia.org%3A%E9%9D%88%E9%AD%82" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-14">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2190673"><cite id="CITEREFSyed2008" class="citation news cs1">Syed, Matthew (2008年5月12號)。<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110918113735/http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/comment/columnists/guest_contributors/article3912708.ece"><span class="pin1ming4-b" aria-label="〈胚胎有靈魂？咩都唔係〉"><span class="zit3"><span class="koen1zo2">〈</span>胚</span><span class="zit3">胎有靈魂？咩都唔係</span><span class="zit3"><span class="koen1jau6">〉</span></span></span></a>。<span class="syu1ming4-b" aria-label="《泰晤士報》"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%B0%E6%99%A4%E5%A3%AB%E5%A0%B1" title="泰晤士報"><span class="zit3"><span class="koen1zo2">《</span>泰</span><span class="zit3">晤士報</span><span class="zit3"><span class="koen1jau6">》</span></span></a></span>。英國倫敦。<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/comment/columnists/guest_contributors/article3912708.ece">原著</a>喺2011年9月18號歸檔<span class="reference-accessdate">。喺2011年11月13號搵到</span>。</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=%E6%B3%B0%E6%99%A4%E5%A3%AB%E5%A0%B1&rft.atitle=%E8%83%9A%E8%83%8E%E6%9C%89%E9%9D%88%E9%AD%82%EF%BC%9F%E5%92%A9%E9%83%BD%E5%94%94%E4%BF%82&rft.date=2008-05-12&rft.aulast=Syed&rft.aufirst=Matthew&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.timesonline.co.uk%2Ftol%2Fcomment%2Fcolumnists%2Fguest_contributors%2Farticle3912708.ece&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh-yue.wikipedia.org%3A%E9%9D%88%E9%AD%82" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-15">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2190673"><cite id="CITEREFJones2005" class="citation book cs1">Jones, David Albert (2005)。<span class="syu1ming4-b" aria-label="《胚胎嘅靈魂：基督教傳統中人類胚胎地位嘅探究》"><span class="zit3"><span class="koen1zo2">《</span>胚</span><span class="zit3">胎嘅靈魂：基督教傳統中人類胚胎地位嘅探究</span><span class="zit3"><span class="koen1jau6">》</span></span></span>。Continuum出版社。<a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%9B%B8%E6%9C%AC%E4%BE%86%E6%BA%90/978-0-8264-6296-1" title="Special:書本來源/978-0-8264-6296-1"><bdi>978-0-8264-6296-1</bdi></a>。</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%E8%83%9A%E8%83%8E%E5%98%85%E9%9D%88%E9%AD%82%EF%BC%9A%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99%E5%82%B3%E7%B5%B1%E4%B8%AD%E4%BA%BA%E9%A1%9E%E8%83%9A%E8%83%8E%E5%9C%B0%E4%BD%8D%E5%98%85%E6%8E%A2%E7%A9%B6&rft.pub=Continuum%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E7%A4%BE&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-8264-6296-1&rft.aulast=Jones&rft.aufirst=David+Albert&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh-yue.wikipedia.org%3A%E9%9D%88%E9%AD%82" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-16">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2190673"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-jul-greg-uncertainty"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14153a.htm"><span class="pin1ming4-b" aria-label="〈靈魂〉"><span class="zit3"><span class="koen1zo2">〈</span>靈</span><span class="zit3">魂</span><span class="zit3"><span class="koen1jau6">〉</span></span></span></a>。<i>newadvent.org</i>。1912年7月1號。原先內容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111128201145/http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14153a.htm">歸檔</a>喺2011年11月28號<span class="reference-accessdate">。喺2011年11月13號搵到</span>。</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=newadvent.org&rft.atitle=%E9%9D%88%E9%AD%82&rft.date=1912-07-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.newadvent.org%2Fcathen%2F14153a.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh-yue.wikipedia.org%3A%E9%9D%88%E9%AD%82" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-18">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2190673"><cite id="CITEREFAquinas" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_Aquinas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thomas Aquinas (無呢版)">Aquinas, Thomas</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hs-augsburg.de/~harsch/Chronologia/Lspost13/ThomasAquinas/tho_an10.html">"Quaestio decima: Vtrum anima sit in toto corpore et in qualibet parte eius?"</a>. <i>Quaestiones Disputatae de Anima</i> <span class="syu1ming4-b" aria-label="《有關靈魂的爭議問題》"><span class="zit3"><span class="koen1zo2">《</span>有</span><span class="zit3">關靈魂的爭議問題</span><span class="zit3"><span class="koen1jau6">》</span></span></span> (拉丁文). §10.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Quaestio+decima%3A+Vtrum+anima+sit+in+toto+corpore+et+in+qualibet+parte+eius%3F&rft.btitle=Quaestiones+Disputatae+de+Anima&rft.pages=%C2%A710&rft.aulast=Aquinas&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hs-augsburg.de%2F~harsch%2FChronologia%2FLspost13%2FThomasAquinas%2Ftho_an10.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh-yue.wikipedia.org%3A%E9%9D%88%E9%AD%82" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-19">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2190673"><cite id="CITEREFAquinas1274" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_Aquinas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thomas Aquinas (無呢版)">Aquinas, Thomas</a> (1274). <a href="/w/index.php?title=Summa_Theologiae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Summa Theologiae (無呢版)"><i>Summa Theologiae</i></a> <span class="syu1ming4-b" aria-label="《神學大全》"><span class="zit3"><span class="koen1zo2">《</span>神</span><span class="zit3">學大全</span><span class="zit3"><span class="koen1jau6">》</span></span></span> (拉丁文). I-I quaestio 76.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Summa+Theologiae&rft.pages=I-I+quaestio+76&rft.date=1274&rft.aulast=Aquinas&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh-yue.wikipedia.org%3A%E9%9D%88%E9%AD%82" class="Z3988"></span>: See also<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2190673"><cite id="CITEREFKlein1655" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christian_Klein&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Christian Klein (無呢版)">Klein, C.</a> (1655). <i>An anima sit tota in toto corpore, et tota in qualibet parte, disquisitio philosophica</i> (拉丁文). Goetschius. <a href="/w/index.php?title=OCLC_(identifier)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="OCLC (identifier) (無呢版)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/oclc/253546381">253546381</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=An+anima+sit+tota+in+toto+corpore%2C+et+tota+in+qualibet+parte%2C+disquisitio+philosophica&rft.pub=Goetschius&rft.date=1655&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F253546381&rft.aulast=Klein&rft.aufirst=C.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh-yue.wikipedia.org%3A%E9%9D%88%E9%AD%82" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-20">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2190673"><cite id="CITEREFPepe2023" class="citation journal cs1">Pepe, Giovanni (19 November 2023). "Recenti Studii Su la Metafisica dell'anima". <i>Rivista di Filosofia Neo-Scolastica</i>. <b>11</b> (2): 167–194. <a href="/w/index.php?title=JSTOR_(identifier)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="JSTOR (identifier) (無呢版)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.jstor.org/stable/43065579">43065579</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Rivista+di+Filosofia+Neo-Scolastica&rft.atitle=Recenti+Studii+Su+la+Metafisica+dell%27anima&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=167-194&rft.date=2023-11-19&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F43065579%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Pepe&rft.aufirst=Giovanni&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh-yue.wikipedia.org%3A%E9%9D%88%E9%AD%82" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-21">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2190673"><cite id="CITEREFAquinas" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_Aquinas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thomas Aquinas (無呢版)">Aquinas, Thomas</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aquinas.cc/la/en/~QDeAn.Q10.Obj16">"quaestio 10"</a>. <i>Quaestiones Disputatae de Anima</i> <span class="syu1ming4-b" aria-label="《有關靈魂的爭議問題》"><span class="zit3"><span class="koen1zo2">《</span>有</span><span class="zit3">關靈魂的爭議問題</span><span class="zit3"><span class="koen1jau6">》</span></span></span> (拉丁文). <q>奧古斯丁話，喺《<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%AB%96%E4%B8%89%E4%BD%8D%E4%B8%80%E9%AB%94&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="論三位一體 (無呢版)">論三位一體</a>》第六卷裡面，靈魂係完整咁喺整個身體度，亦完整咁喺每一個部分度。</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=quaestio+10&rft.btitle=Quaestiones+Disputatae+de+Anima&rft.aulast=Aquinas&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Faquinas.cc%2Fla%2Fen%2F~QDeAn.Q10.Obj16&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh-yue.wikipedia.org%3A%E9%9D%88%E9%AD%82" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-22">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2190673"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vatican.va/archive/ENG0015/__P1B.HTM">"paragraph 363"</a>. <span class="syu1ming4-b" aria-label="《天主教教理》"><span class="zit3"><span class="koen1zo2">《</span>天</span><span class="zit3">主教教理</span><span class="zit3"><span class="koen1jau6">》</span></span></span><span class="reference-accessdate">。喺<span class="nowrap">1 March</span> 2023搵到</span> –透過Vatican.va。</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=paragraph+363&rft.btitle=%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99%E6%95%99%E7%90%86&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vatican.va%2Farchive%2FENG0015%2F__P1B.HTM&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh-yue.wikipedia.org%3A%E9%9D%88%E9%AD%82" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-23">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2190673"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vatican.va/archive/ccc_css/archive/catechism/p1s2c1p6.htm">"paragraph 382"</a>. <span class="syu1ming4-b" aria-label="《天主教教理》"><span class="zit3"><span class="koen1zo2">《</span>天</span><span class="zit3">主教教理</span><span class="zit3"><span class="koen1jau6">》</span></span></span>。原先內容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111116203545/https://www.vatican.va/archive/ccc_css/archive/catechism/p1s2c1p6.htm">歸檔</a>喺16 November 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">。喺<span class="nowrap">13 November</span> 2011搵到</span> –透過Vatican.va。</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=paragraph+382&rft.btitle=%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99%E6%95%99%E7%90%86&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vatican.va%2Farchive%2Fccc_css%2Farchive%2Fcatechism%2Fp1s2c1p6.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh-yue.wikipedia.org%3A%E9%9D%88%E9%AD%82" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-24">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2190673"><cite id="CITEREFHelm2006" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Paul_Helm&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Paul Helm (無呢版)">Helm, Paul</a> (2006). <i>John Calvin's Ideas</i>. p. 129. <q>靈魂不滅：就好似我哋喺討論加爾文基督論嘅時候見到，加爾文係一個實體二元論者。</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=John+Calvin%27s+Ideas&rft.pages=129&rft.date=2006&rft.aulast=Helm&rft.aufirst=Paul&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh-yue.wikipedia.org%3A%E9%9D%88%E9%AD%82" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-25">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2190673"><cite id="CITEREFGraftonMostSettis2010" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anthony_Grafton&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Anthony Grafton (無呢版)">Grafton, Anthony</a>; <a href="/w/index.php?title=Glenn_W._Most&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Glenn W. Most (無呢版)">Most, Glenn W.</a>; <a href="/w/index.php?title=Salvatore_Settis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Salvatore Settis (無呢版)">Settis, Salvatore</a> (2010)。<span class="syu1ming4-b" aria-label="《古典傳統》"><span class="zit3"><span class="koen1zo2">《</span>古</span><span class="zit3">典傳統</span><span class="zit3"><span class="koen1jau6">》</span></span></span>。頁 480。｢路德曾經不屑一顧地提過，會議嘅教父哋宣稱靈魂係不朽嘅。｣</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%E5%8F%A4%E5%85%B8%E5%82%B3%E7%B5%B1&rft.pages=480&rft.date=2010&rft.aulast=Grafton&rft.aufirst=Anthony&rft.au=Most%2C+Glenn+W.&rft.au=Settis%2C+Salvatore&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh-yue.wikipedia.org%3A%E9%9D%88%E9%AD%82" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-26">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2190673"><cite id="CITEREFMarius1999" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_Marius&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Richard Marius (無呢版)">Marius, Richard</a> (1999)。<span class="syu1ming4-b" aria-label="《馬丁·路德：神與死亡之間的基督徒》"><span class="zit3"><span class="koen1zo2">《</span>馬</span><span class="zit3">丁·路德：神與死亡之間的基督徒</span><span class="zit3"><span class="koen1jau6">》</span></span></span>。頁 429。｢路德相信靈魂係喺死亡時陷入沉睡，並認為喺復活嘅瞬間……義人將會升天與基督相遇，惡人將留喺地上等待審判。｣</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%E9%A6%AC%E4%B8%81%C2%B7%E8%B7%AF%E5%BE%B7%EF%BC%9A%E7%A5%9E%E8%88%87%E6%AD%BB%E4%BA%A1%E4%B9%8B%E9%96%93%E7%9A%84%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E5%BE%92&rft.pages=429&rft.date=1999&rft.aulast=Marius&rft.aufirst=Richard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh-yue.wikipedia.org%3A%E9%9D%88%E9%AD%82" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-27">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2190673"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140216144622/http://www.christadelphia.org/basf.htm"><span class="pin1ming4-b" aria-label="〈伯明翰修正信仰聲明〉"><span class="zit3"><span class="koen1zo2">〈</span>伯</span><span class="zit3">明翰修正信仰聲明</span><span class="zit3"><span class="koen1jau6">〉</span></span></span></a>。<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.christadelphia.org/basf.htm">原著</a>喺16 February 2014歸檔。</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E4%BC%AF%E6%98%8E%E7%BF%B0%E4%BF%AE%E6%AD%A3%E4%BF%A1%E4%BB%B0%E8%81%B2%E6%98%8E&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.christadelphia.org%2Fbasf.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh-yue.wikipedia.org%3A%E9%9D%88%E9%AD%82" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-28">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2190673"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://adventistreview.org/magazine-article/2009-24/"><span class="pin1ming4-b" aria-label="〈靈魂沉睡 | 基督復臨安息日評論〉"><span class="zit3"><span class="koen1zo2">〈</span>靈</span><span class="zit3">魂沉睡 | 基督復臨安息日評論</span><span class="zit3"><span class="koen1jau6">〉</span></span></span></a>。<i>adventistreview.org</i> (美國英文)。2020-09-03<span class="reference-accessdate">。喺<span class="nowrap">2022-08-12</span>搵到</span>。</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=adventistreview.org&rft.atitle=%E9%9D%88%E9%AD%82%E6%B2%89%E7%9D%A1+%7C+%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E5%BE%A9%E8%87%A8%E5%AE%89%E6%81%AF%E6%97%A5%E8%A9%95%E8%AB%96&rft.date=2020-09-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fadventistreview.org%2Fmagazine-article%2F2009-24%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh-yue.wikipedia.org%3A%E9%9D%88%E9%AD%82" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-29">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2190673"><cite id="CITEREFbeckettj" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">beckettj。<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.adventist.org/death-and-resurrection/what-is-your-soul-according-to-the-bible/"><span class="pin1ming4-b" aria-label="〈根據聖經，你的靈魂係乜？〉"><span class="zit3"><span class="koen1zo2">〈</span>根</span><span class="zit3">據聖經，你的靈魂係乜？</span><span class="zit3"><span class="koen1jau6">〉</span></span></span></a>。<i>Adventist.org</i> (美國英文)<span class="reference-accessdate">。喺<span class="nowrap">2022-08-12</span>搵到</span>。</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Adventist.org&rft.atitle=%E6%A0%B9%E6%93%9A%E8%81%96%E7%B6%93%EF%BC%8C%E4%BD%A0%E7%9A%84%E9%9D%88%E9%AD%82%E4%BF%82%E4%B9%9C%EF%BC%9F&rft.au=beckettj&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.adventist.org%2Fdeath-and-resurrection%2Fwhat-is-your-soul-according-to-the-bible%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh-yue.wikipedia.org%3A%E9%9D%88%E9%AD%82" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-30">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Cite_periodical&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template:Cite periodical (無呢版)">Template:Cite periodical</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-31">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2190673"><cite class="citation book cs1"><span class="syu1ming4-b" aria-label="《聖經到底教導乜？》"><span class="zit3"><span class="koen1zo2">《</span>聖</span><span class="zit3">經到底教導乜？</span><span class="zit3"><span class="koen1jau6">》</span></span></span>。頁 211。</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%E8%81%96%E7%B6%93%E5%88%B0%E5%BA%95%E6%95%99%E5%B0%8E%E4%B9%9C%EF%BC%9F&rft.pages=211&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh-yue.wikipedia.org%3A%E9%9D%88%E9%AD%82" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-32">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2190673"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://scriptures.lds.org/en/dc/88/15"><span class="syu1ming4-b" aria-label="《教義與聖約》"><span class="zit3"><span class="koen1zo2">《</span>教</span><span class="zit3">義與聖約</span><span class="zit3"><span class="koen1jau6">》</span></span></span></a>。原先內容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070202062732/http://scriptures.lds.org/en/dc/88/15">歸檔</a>喺2 February 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">。喺<span class="nowrap">29 October</span> 2009搵到</span>。｢靈魂係精神同身體嘅結合｣</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E8%88%87%E8%81%96%E7%B4%84&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fscriptures.lds.org%2Fen%2Fdc%2F88%2F15&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh-yue.wikipedia.org%3A%E9%9D%88%E9%AD%82" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="睇埋"><span id=".E7.9D.87.E5.9F.8B"></span>睇埋</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9D%88%E9%AD%82&action=edit&section=11" title="編輯小節: 睇埋"><span>編輯</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%B7%E4%BA%BA%E5%B7%A5%E6%99%BA%E8%83%BD" title="強人工智能">強人工智能</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BF%83%E8%85%A6%E5%90%8C%E4%B8%80%E8%AB%96" title="心腦同一論">心腦同一論</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1%E6%84%8F%E5%BF%97" title="自由意志">自由意志</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%80%95%E6%AD%BB%E9%AB%94%E9%A9%97" title="瀕死體驗">瀕死體驗</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghost_in_the_machine" class="mw-redirect" title="Ghost in the machine">Ghost in the machine</a></li></ul> <table class="metadata plainlinks stub" style="background: transparent;" role="presentation"><tbody><tr class="noresize"> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Thinker_Musee_Rodin.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Stub icon" 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