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mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Head covering for Jewish women</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. 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class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%DB%8C%D8%AA%D9%84" title="شیتل – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="شیتل" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sheitel" title="Sheitel – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Sheitel" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sheitel" title="Sheitel – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Sheitel" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9B%D7%99%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%99_%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%A9_%D7%9C%D7%A0%D7%A9%D7%99%D7%9D_(%D7%94%D7%9C%D7%9B%D7%94)" title="כיסוי ראש לנשים (הלכה) – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="כיסוי ראש לנשים (הלכה)" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sjeitel" title="Sjeitel – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Sjeitel" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sheitel" title="Sheitel – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Sheitel" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk 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class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Women_praying_in_the_Western_Wall_tunnels_by_David_Shankbone.jpg/300px-Women_praying_in_the_Western_Wall_tunnels_by_David_Shankbone.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="225" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Women_praying_in_the_Western_Wall_tunnels_by_David_Shankbone.jpg/450px-Women_praying_in_the_Western_Wall_tunnels_by_David_Shankbone.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Women_praying_in_the_Western_Wall_tunnels_by_David_Shankbone.jpg/600px-Women_praying_in_the_Western_Wall_tunnels_by_David_Shankbone.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a><figcaption>Three styles of hair covering common among married Orthodox Jewish women. From left to right: <a href="/wiki/Snood_(headgear)" title="Snood (headgear)">snood</a>, fall, and hat.</figcaption></figure> <p>According to <a href="/wiki/Halacha" class="mw-redirect" title="Halacha">halacha</a> (Jewish religious law), married <a href="/wiki/Jewish" class="mw-redirect" title="Jewish">Jewish</a> women are expected to cover their hair when in the presence of men other than their husband or close family members. Such covering is common practice among <a href="/wiki/Orthodox_Judaism" title="Orthodox Judaism">Orthodox Jewish</a> women. </p><p>Different kinds of head coverings are used, among them the <b>mitpaḥat</b> or <b>tichel</b> (headscarf), <b>shpitzel</b>, <a href="/wiki/Snood_(headgear)" title="Snood (headgear)">snood</a>, hat, beret, fall, bonnet, veil, headscarf, bandana, and <b>sheitel</b> (wig). The most common head coverings in the Haredi community are headscarves in the form of the tichel and snood, though some wear hats, <a href="/wiki/Beret" title="Beret">berets</a> or sheitels; the tichel and snood remain the historic and universally accepted rabbinical standard for observant Jewish women.<sup id="cite_ref-Aronson_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Aronson-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The headscarves can be tied in a number of ways, depending on how casually the wearer is dressed. </p><p>Covering the hair is part of the modesty-related dress standard called <span title="Hebrew-language romanization"><i lang="he-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Tzniut" title="Tzniut">tzniut</a></i></span>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Laws">Laws</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Head_covering_for_Jewish_women&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Laws"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>According to Jewish religious law (<i><a href="/wiki/Halacha" class="mw-redirect" title="Halacha">halacha</a></i>), a woman must <a href="/wiki/Tzniut#Hair_covering" title="Tzniut">cover her hair</a> after marriage.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The requirement applies in the presence of any men other than her husband, son, father, grandson, grandfather, or brother,<sup id="cite_ref-nishmat_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nishmat-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> though a minority opinion allows uncovering hair within one's home even in the presence of unrelated men.<sup id="cite_ref-der5_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-der5-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The obligation to cover hair applies in public areas.<sup id="cite_ref-der5_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-der5-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In a private home, some sources recommend hair covering (even in the absence of unrelated men), but the consensus is that hair may be uncovered if no unrelated men are present.<sup id="cite_ref-nishmat_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nishmat-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The consensus is that all or most of the hair must be covered.<sup id="cite_ref-der4_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-der4-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some sources rule that every single hair must be covered,<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but many others permit a small amount of hair (each source defines the amount differently) to emerge from the head-covering.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-der4_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-der4-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Various reasons have been suggested for this head-covering, among them: </p> <ul><li>Historically, head-covering was considered a form of dignity for a woman, and to have one's head-covering removed was a source of humiliation.<sup id="cite_ref-der2_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-der2-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Married women are expected to behave with a higher level of sexual modesty than single women, due to the commitment they have made to their husbands, and covering their potentially alluring hair is one aspect of this.<sup id="cite_ref-der2_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-der2-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Head covering is a sign of a woman's married status, which (among other things) could indicate to men that she is unavailable to them.<sup id="cite_ref-der2_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-der2-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Head-covering indicates awe when standing before God, similar to the <a href="/wiki/Kippah" title="Kippah">kippah</a> for men.<sup id="cite_ref-der2_9-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-der2-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Nowadays, head-covering also serves a sign of identification with the religious Jewish community.<sup id="cite_ref-der2_9-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-der2-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sources">Sources</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Head_covering_for_Jewish_women&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jakob_und_Rahel.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Jakob_und_Rahel.jpg/220px-Jakob_und_Rahel.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="251" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Jakob_und_Rahel.jpg/330px-Jakob_und_Rahel.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Jakob_und_Rahel.jpg/440px-Jakob_und_Rahel.jpg 2x" data-file-width="790" data-file-height="900" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Rachel" title="Rachel">Rahel</a> (right) with her head covered by a scarf</figcaption></figure> <p>Numbers 5:18<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> requires, as part of the <a href="/wiki/Ordeal_of_the_bitter_water" title="Ordeal of the bitter water">sotah</a> ritual, that a married woman's head be made <span title="Biblical Hebrew-language romanization"><i lang="hbo-Latn">parua</i></span> (a word which has been understood to mean 'uncovered' or 'with loose hair'),<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> suggesting that, normally, her hair is not <span title="Biblical Hebrew-language romanization"><i lang="hbo-Latn">parua</i></span>. According to the Talmud, this indicates that the Torah prohibits married women in general from appearing <span title="Biblical Hebrew-language romanization"><i lang="hbo-Latn">parua</i></span> in public.<sup id="cite_ref-k72_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-k72-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Mishnah" title="Mishnah">Mishnah</a>, however, implies that hair covering is not an obligation of biblical origin. It discusses behaviors that are grounds for divorce, such as, "appearing in public with a <span title="Biblical Hebrew-language romanization"><i lang="hbo-Latn">parua</i></span> head, weaving in the marketplace, and talking to any man", and calls these violations of <span title="Biblical Hebrew-language romanization"><i lang="hbo-Latn">Dat Yehudit</i></span><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ('Jewish law') as opposed to <span title="Biblical Hebrew-language romanization"><i lang="hbo-Latn">Dat Moshe</i></span> ('<a href="/wiki/Moses" title="Moses">Mosaic</a> law').<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Talmud" title="Talmud">Talmud</a> reconciles the sources by saying that if her head is completely uncovered in public, this would indeed be a violation of <span title="Biblical Hebrew-language romanization"><i lang="hbo-Latn">Dat Moshe</i></span>, whereas a woman who appears in public wearing a <span title="Biblical Hebrew-language romanization"><i lang="hbo-Latn">kalta</i></span> (a minimal covering of part of the hair, perhaps a basket resting on the head)<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> has satisfied <span title="Biblical Hebrew-language romanization"><i lang="hbo-Latn">Dat Moshe</i></span> but is still violating <span title="Biblical Hebrew-language romanization"><i lang="hbo-Latn">Dat Yehudit</i></span>.<sup id="cite_ref-k72_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-k72-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Another relevant Talmudic source is <a href="/wiki/Berakhot_(Talmud)" class="mw-redirect" title="Berakhot (Talmud)">Berakhot</a> 24a, where the rabbis define hair as sexually erotic (<span title="Biblical Hebrew-language romanization"><i lang="hbo-Latn">ervah</i></span>), and prohibit men from praying in sight of a married woman's hair. The rabbis base this judgement on a biblical verse: "Your hair is like a flock of goats" (Song of Songs 4:1),<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> suggesting that this praise reflects the sensual nature of hair.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, "with a few exceptions, there is halachic consensus that the obligation of women's head-covering derives chiefly from the sota and, secondarily, from dat Yehudit", rather than from <span title="Biblical Hebrew-language romanization"><i lang="hbo-Latn">ervah</i></span>,<sup id="cite_ref-der1_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-der1-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and a number of leading <a href="/wiki/Poskim" class="mw-redirect" title="Poskim">poskim</a> ruled that while head-covering is required, in societies where this law is widely ignored, the uncovered hair ceases to be considered <span title="Biblical Hebrew-language romanization"><i lang="hbo-Latn">ervah</i></span> for the purpose of prayer.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Zohar" title="Zohar">Zohar</a>, a commentary on the Hebrew Scriptures and the primary source of the beliefs of <a href="/wiki/Kabbalah" title="Kabbalah">Kabbalah</a>, also describes the mystical importance of women making sure to not expose their hair. The parashat <a href="/wiki/Naso_(parashah)" title="Naso (parashah)">Naso</a> 125b–126b<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> suggests that a woman who strictly obeys head covering traditions will reap many blessings for her husband and children. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Unmarried_women">Unmarried women</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Head_covering_for_Jewish_women&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Unmarried women"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The medieval codes do not mention any exemption for unmarried women.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to the Mishna, if a woman went to her wedding with hair uncovered, this serves as proof that she was a virgin (i. e., never before married) at the time.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This seems to indicate that never-married women did not cover their hair, but divorced and widowed women did continue to cover their hair. This is also the position taken by the <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem_Talmud" title="Jerusalem Talmud">Jerusalem Talmud</a><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and is generally the accepted ruling today.<sup id="cite_ref-der3_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-der3-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, R' <a href="/wiki/Moshe_Feinstein" title="Moshe Feinstein">Moshe Feinstein</a> permitted divorced and widowed women to uncover their hair in cases of great need, for example, when a head covering might interfere with dating or obtaining a job.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Exact rulings in such cases vary depending on the community and the individual's situation.<sup id="cite_ref-der3_25-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-der3-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Yemen" title="Yemen">Yemen</a>, unmarried girls covered their hair like their Muslim peers;<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> however, upon <a href="/wiki/Yemeni_Jew" class="mw-redirect" title="Yemeni Jew">Yemeni Jews</a>' emigration to Israel and other places, this custom has been abandoned. <a href="/wiki/Aharon_Roth" title="Aharon Roth">Aharon Roth</a> praised this custom.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Magen_Avraham" class="mw-redirect" title="Magen Avraham">Magen Avraham</a> ruled that while unmarried women need not cover their hair, they must braid it so that it is not disheveled.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This ruling is practiced in some <a href="/wiki/Hasidic_Judaism" title="Hasidic Judaism">Hasidic</a> communities nowadays.<sup id="cite_ref-der3_25-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-der3-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>When a woman gets married, opinions differ regarding when exactly she must begin covering her head: after betrothal (rare today), after the <i>chuppah</i> ceremony, after <i>yichud</i>, or only after the couple has spent a night together.<sup id="cite_ref-der3_25-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-der3-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Even according to the more stringent opinions, the <a href="/wiki/Bridal_veil" class="mw-redirect" title="Bridal veil">bridal veil</a> (which partly covers the hair) may be considered sufficient cover for the remainder of the ceremony.<sup id="cite_ref-der3_25-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-der3-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Non-Orthodox_Judaism">Non-Orthodox Judaism</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Head_covering_for_Jewish_women&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Non-Orthodox Judaism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Conservative and Reform Judaism do not generally require women to wear head coverings. Some more traditional Conservative synagogues may ask that married women cover their heads during services. However, some more liberal Conservative synagogues suggest that women, married or not, wear head-coverings similar to those worn by men (the <a href="/wiki/Kippah" title="Kippah">kippah</a>/yarmulke); and some require it (or require it only for women receiving honors or leading services from the <i><a href="/wiki/Bema#Judaism" title="Bema">bimah</a></i>) – not for modesty, but as a <a href="/wiki/Feminism" title="Feminism">feminist</a> gesture of <a href="/wiki/Egalitarianism" title="Egalitarianism">egalitarianism</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the 21st century, some non-Orthodox Jewish women began covering their heads or hair with scarves, kippot, or headbands.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Reasons given for doing so included as an act of spiritual devotion,<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as expression of ethnic identity, as an act of resistance to a culture that normalizes the exposure of the body,<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or as a feminist reclamation of modest dress, a practice sometimes seen as non- or anti-feminist.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Mitpaḥat"><span id="Mitpa.E1.B8.A5at"></span>Mitpaḥat</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Head_covering_for_Jewish_women&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Mitpaḥat"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tichel_headcovering.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Tichel_headcovering.jpg/220px-Tichel_headcovering.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Tichel_headcovering.jpg/330px-Tichel_headcovering.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cb/Tichel_headcovering.jpg 2x" data-file-width="375" data-file-height="500" /></a><figcaption>Knotted tichel</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Mitpaḥat</b> (<a href="/wiki/Hebrew_language" title="Hebrew language">Hebrew</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1241449095">.mw-parser-output .script-hebrew,.mw-parser-output .script-Hebr{font-family:"Ezra SIL SR","Ezra SIL","SBL Hebrew","Taamey Frank CLM","SBL BibLit","Taamey Ashkenaz","Frank Ruehl CLM","Keter Aram Tsova","Taamey David CLM","Keter YG","Shofar","David CLM","Hadasim CLM","Simple CLM","Nachlieli",Cardo,Alef,"Noto Serif Hebrew","Noto Sans Hebrew","David Libre",David,"Times New Roman",Gisha,Arial,FreeSerif,FreeSans}</style><span class="script-hebrew" style="font-size: 110%;" dir="rtl">מִטְפַּחַת</span>‎ <i>miṭpaḥat</i>), also called a <b>tichel</b> (<a href="/wiki/Yiddish_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Yiddish language">Yiddish</a>: <span lang="yi" dir="rtl"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1241449095"><span class="script-hebrew" style="font-size: 110%;" dir="rtl">טיכל</span>‎</span> <i>tikhl</i>), is the <a href="/wiki/Headscarf" title="Headscarf">headscarf</a> worn covering the hair.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mitpaḥot can range from a plain scarf of any material worn over the hair to elaborate head coverings using multiple fabrics and tying techniques. </p><p>According to <a href="/wiki/Abraham_ibn_Ezra" title="Abraham ibn Ezra">Ibn Ezra</a>, already in Biblical times, Israelite women wore a form of cloth head covering similar to that worn by Muslim women in his own time (12th century).<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Etymology">Etymology</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Head_covering_for_Jewish_women&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Etymology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The word Mitpaḥat is a Hebrew word which literally means a covering or mantle, though is also used to mean many other things such as towel, apron, bandage, or wrap. Its current meaning is taken from post-biblical Hebrew, and is most likely derived from the Hebrew word טִפַּח (tipaḥ), meaning spread out or extended.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Yiddish word <i>tichel</i> is the <a href="/wiki/Diminutive" title="Diminutive">diminutive</a> of <i>tuch</i> ("cloth"). Compare German <i>Tuch</i> ("cloth"), and the corresponding <a href="/wiki/Bavarian_language" title="Bavarian language">Bavarian</a> diminutive <i>Tiachal, Tücherl</i> ("small piece of cloth"). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Shpitzel">Shpitzel</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Head_covering_for_Jewish_women&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Shpitzel"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Snood.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d1/Snood.jpg" decoding="async" width="128" height="150" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="150" /></a><figcaption>A Jewish woman wearing a <a href="/wiki/Sheitel" class="mw-redirect" title="Sheitel">sheitel</a> with a shpitzel or snood on top of it</figcaption></figure> <p>A <b>shpitzel</b> (<a href="/wiki/Yiddish_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Yiddish language">Yiddish</a>: <span lang="yi" dir="rtl">שפּיצל</span>) is a head covering worn by some married <a href="/wiki/Hasidic" class="mw-redirect" title="Hasidic">Hasidic</a> women. It is a partial wig that only has hair in the front, the rest typically covered by a small <a href="/wiki/Pillbox_hat" title="Pillbox hat">pillbox hat</a> or a <a href="/wiki/Headscarf" title="Headscarf">headscarf</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Winston2006_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Winston2006-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The hairpiece may actually be silk or lace, or else made of synthetic fibers, to avoid too closely resembling real hair.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The shpitzel was popular among Hungarian <a href="/wiki/Hasidim" class="mw-redirect" title="Hasidim">Hasidim</a> in the 19th century, and it is worn by some contemporary women who follow the customs of that community. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Etymology_2">Etymology</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Head_covering_for_Jewish_women&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Etymology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Yiddish word "Shpitzel" is related to the grammatical diminutive of the high-German word "Spitze" which can either mean "point" or "lace"; the latter translation is most likely the right one in the context of this article. </p><p>The term <i>shpitzel</i> may also be used to refer to the <a href="/wiki/Bread#Crust" title="Bread">ends of a loaf of bread</a> in some dialects.<sup id="cite_ref-dialect_survey_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dialect_survey-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In this case, the above-mentioned translation "Spitze" = (end)point/peak is applicable, with its High German grammatical diminutive "Spitzchen". </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sheitel">Sheitel</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Head_covering_for_Jewish_women&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Sheitel"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Judge_Rachel_Freier_-_Photo_Jordan_Rathkopf.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A woman with dark brown shoulder-length hair" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Judge_Rachel_Freier_-_Photo_Jordan_Rathkopf.jpg/220px-Judge_Rachel_Freier_-_Photo_Jordan_Rathkopf.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Judge_Rachel_Freier_-_Photo_Jordan_Rathkopf.jpg/330px-Judge_Rachel_Freier_-_Photo_Jordan_Rathkopf.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Judge_Rachel_Freier_-_Photo_Jordan_Rathkopf.jpg/440px-Judge_Rachel_Freier_-_Photo_Jordan_Rathkopf.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6016" data-file-height="4016" /></a><figcaption>Judge <a href="/wiki/Rachel_Freier" title="Rachel Freier">Rachel Freier</a>, a married <a href="/wiki/Hasidic" class="mw-redirect" title="Hasidic">Hasidic</a> woman, wearing a sheitel</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Sheitel</b> (<a href="/wiki/Yiddish_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Yiddish language">Yiddish</a>: <span lang="yi" dir="rtl">שייטל</span>, <span title="Yiddish-language romanization"><i lang="yi-Latn">sheytl</i></span> n.sg.; <span title="Yiddish-language text"><span lang="yi" dir="rtl">שייטלעך</span></span>, <span title="Yiddish-language romanization"><i lang="yi-Latn">sheytlekh</i></span> n.pl. or <span title="Yiddish-language text"><span lang="yi" dir="rtl">שייטלען</span></span>, <span title="Yiddish-language romanization"><i lang="yi-Latn">sheytlen</i></span> n.pl.) is a <a href="/wiki/Wig_(hair)" class="mw-redirect" title="Wig (hair)">wig</a> or half-wig. The related term in <a href="/wiki/Hebrew_language" title="Hebrew language">Hebrew</a> is <span title="Hebrew-language romanization"><i lang="he-Latn">pei'ah</i></span> (<span title="Hebrew-language text"><span lang="he" dir="rtl">פאה</span></span>) or <i>pei'ah nochrit</i> (<span title="Hebrew-language text"><span lang="he" dir="rtl">פאה נוכרית</span></span>).<sup id="cite_ref-Sherman_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sherman-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Sheitel started to be used by some Jewish women as a headcovering in the 18th century, though its use has been opposed by traditional rabbis.<sup id="cite_ref-Aronson_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Aronson-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Traditional sheitels are secured by elastic caps, and are often designed with heavy bangs to obscure the hairline of their wearers. More modern <a href="/wiki/Lace-front_wig" class="mw-redirect" title="Lace-front wig">lace-front wigs</a> with realistic hairlines or real hair are growing in popularity.<sup id="cite_ref-Sherman_41-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sherman-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Some modern Orthodox women cover their hair with wigs. A style of half wig known as a "fall" has become increasingly common in some segments of Modern and Haredi Orthodox communities.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is worn with either a hat or a headband. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Acceptability">Acceptability</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Head_covering_for_Jewish_women&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Acceptability"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The practice of covering hair with wigs is debated among <a href="/wiki/Halakhic" class="mw-redirect" title="Halakhic">halakhic</a> authorities. Many authorities, including Rabbi <a href="/wiki/Moshe_Feinstein" title="Moshe Feinstein">Moshe Feinstein</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> permitted it, and the <a href="/wiki/Menachem_Mendel_Schneerson" title="Menachem Mendel Schneerson">Lubavitcher Rebbe</a> actively encouraged it,<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while many other authorities, especially Sephardi rabbis, forbid it. Some <a href="/wiki/Hasidic" class="mw-redirect" title="Hasidic">Hasidic</a> groups encourage sheitels, while others avoid them.<sup id="cite_ref-chabad_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-chabad-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In many Hasidic groups, sheitels are avoided, as they can give the impression that the wearer's head is uncovered. In other Hasidic groups, women wear some type of covering over the sheitel to avoid this misconception, for example a scarf or a hat. Married <a href="/wiki/Sephardi" class="mw-redirect" title="Sephardi">Sephardi</a> and <a href="/wiki/National_Religious" class="mw-redirect" title="National Religious">National Religious</a> women do not wear wigs, because their rabbis believe that wigs are insufficiently modest, and that other head coverings, such as a scarf (<span title="Hebrew-language romanization"><i lang="he-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Tichel" class="mw-redirect" title="Tichel">tichel</a></i></span>), a <a href="/wiki/Snood_(headgear)" title="Snood (headgear)">snood</a>, a beret, or a hat, are more suitable. In stark contrast, the <a href="/wiki/Chabad" title="Chabad">Chabad</a> rebbe, <a href="/wiki/Menachem_Mendel_Schneerson" title="Menachem Mendel Schneerson">Menachem Mendel Schneerson</a>, encouraged all married Jewish women to wear sheitels, though in Torat Menachem, he writes that in fact, "if she can cover her hair with a scarf, it is definitely good if she would do so, but in reality, we know that this doesn't happen."<sup id="cite_ref-chabad_45-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-chabad-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2004, controversy arose over natural hair sheitels procured from India when Rabbi Elyashiv announced a prohibition on the use of Indian hair in Jewish wigs.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was discovered that the hair used for the production of these wigs was taken from a <a href="/wiki/Tirumala_Venkateswara_Temple" class="mw-redirect" title="Tirumala Venkateswara Temple">Hindu temple</a> where pilgrims travelled to undergo the ritual of <a href="/wiki/Tonsure" title="Tonsure">tonsure</a> (head shaving). According to Jewish law, one cannot derive benefit from anything used in practices <a href="/wiki/Idolatry_in_Judaism" title="Idolatry in Judaism">considered to be idolatry</a>. Today, many wigs used by Jewish women come with a <span title="Hebrew-language romanization"><i lang="he-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Hechsher" title="Hechsher">hechsher</a></i></span> (kosher certification), indicating that they are not made with hair originating from rituals deemed to be idolatrous.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kosher certification also implies that the sheitels are recognizable as wigs, no longer than the top vertebra of the spinal cord, and appear neat and modest. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Shal">Shal</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Head_covering_for_Jewish_women&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Shal"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:A_female_member_of_the_Haredi_burqa_sect_in_Mea_Shearim.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/A_female_member_of_the_Haredi_burqa_sect_in_Mea_Shearim.jpg/250px-A_female_member_of_the_Haredi_burqa_sect_in_Mea_Shearim.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="400" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/A_female_member_of_the_Haredi_burqa_sect_in_Mea_Shearim.jpg/375px-A_female_member_of_the_Haredi_burqa_sect_in_Mea_Shearim.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/A_female_member_of_the_Haredi_burqa_sect_in_Mea_Shearim.jpg/500px-A_female_member_of_the_Haredi_burqa_sect_in_Mea_Shearim.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1130" data-file-height="1809" /></a><figcaption>Woman of the Haredi burqa sect in <a href="/wiki/Mea_Shearim" title="Mea Shearim">Mea Shearim</a>, a Jewish neighbourhood in the <a href="/wiki/Old_City_of_Jerusalem" title="Old City of Jerusalem">Old City of Jerusalem</a>, 2012</figcaption></figure> <p>The <b>shal</b> (<span title="Hebrew-language romanization"><i lang="he-Latn">shāl</i></span> <span title="Hebrew-language text"><span lang="he" dir="rtl">שָאל</span></span>, <abbr style="font-size:85%" title="literal translation">lit.</abbr><span style="white-space: nowrap;"> </span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span><span class="gloss-text">shawl</span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span>)—also called a <span title="Yiddish-language romanization"><i lang="yi-Latn">frumka</i></span>, a portmanteau of the <a href="/wiki/Yiddish" title="Yiddish">Yiddish</a>-language word <span title="Yiddish-language romanization"><i lang="yi-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Frum" title="Frum">frum</a></i></span> and the <a href="/wiki/Arabic" title="Arabic">Arabic</a>-language word <span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Burqa" title="Burqa">burqa</a></i></span>—is a garment which fully covers the body and face. It is associated with Israeli fundamentalist groups such as the <a href="/wiki/Haredi_burqa_sect" title="Haredi burqa sect">Haredi burqa sect</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lev_Tahor" title="Lev Tahor">Lev Tahor</a>, making it highly controversial.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Proponents of the shal are pejoratively referred to as “<a href="/wiki/Taliban" title="Taliban">Taliban</a> mothers”<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or the “Taliban sect”<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> whose practices are an innovation that has “no basis whatsoever in <a href="/wiki/Halachah" class="mw-redirect" title="Halachah">halachah</a>.”<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>However, face veils are known historically to have been worn by Jewish women. <a href="/wiki/Marc_B._Shapiro" title="Marc B. Shapiro">Marc B. Shapiro</a> has written that there are some traditional sources which describe and praise the custom of modest Jewish women covering their faces,<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> including the Babylonian Talmud,<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Jerusalem Talmud,<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mishnah,<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Mishneh_Torah" title="Mishneh Torah">Mishneh Torah</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Jewish women in the Islamic world maintained this type of traditional clothing “until even the mid-20th century,” since “Jews dressed in the style of the surrounding society”<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and therefore wore garments typically regarded as entirely “Islamic dress,” such as the <a href="/wiki/Chador" title="Chador">chador</a>, <a href="/wiki/Niqab" class="mw-redirect" title="Niqab">niqab</a>, and burqa.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gallery">Gallery</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Head_covering_for_Jewish_women&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Gallery"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerycaption">Types of Jewish women's headcoverings</li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Shuli_Mualem.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Shuli Mualem, an Israeli politician, wearing a cap"><img alt="Shuli Mualem, an Israeli politician, wearing a cap" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Shuli_Mualem.jpg/90px-Shuli_Mualem.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Shuli_Mualem.jpg/135px-Shuli_Mualem.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Shuli_Mualem.jpg/180px-Shuli_Mualem.jpg 2x" data-file-width="768" data-file-height="1023" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Shuli_Mualem" title="Shuli Mualem">Shuli Mualem</a>, an Israeli politician, wearing a cap</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%D7%AA%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%94_%D7%91%D7%AA%D7%99%D7%94.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Politician Batya Kahana Dror wearing a headscarf that does not cover all of her hair"><img alt="Politician Batya Kahana Dror wearing a headscarf that does not cover all of her hair" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/%D7%AA%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%94_%D7%91%D7%AA%D7%99%D7%94.jpg/80px-%D7%AA%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%94_%D7%91%D7%AA%D7%99%D7%94.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/%D7%AA%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%94_%D7%91%D7%AA%D7%99%D7%94.jpg/119px-%D7%AA%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%94_%D7%91%D7%AA%D7%99%D7%94.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/%D7%AA%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%94_%D7%91%D7%AA%D7%99%D7%94.jpg/159px-%D7%AA%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%94_%D7%91%D7%AA%D7%99%D7%94.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2848" data-file-height="4288" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Politician Batya Kahana Dror wearing a headscarf that does not cover all of her hair</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D1%80%D1%8D%D1%82_%D0%AD%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8D%D1%80_%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%9E%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%BA,_%D0%B6%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BA%D1%96_%D0%86%D0%BB%D0%BB%D1%96_%D0%86%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%96%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%96%D1%87%D0%B0_%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%BA%D0%B0.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A 19th century Belarusian Jewish woman wearing a wig underneath a silk cap or bonnet"><img alt="A 19th century Belarusian Jewish woman wearing a wig underneath a silk cap or bonnet" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D1%80%D1%8D%D1%82_%D0%AD%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8D%D1%80_%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%9E%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%BA%2C_%D0%B6%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BA%D1%96_%D0%86%D0%BB%D0%BB%D1%96_%D0%86%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%96%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%96%D1%87%D0%B0_%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%BA%D0%B0.jpg/89px-%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D1%80%D1%8D%D1%82_%D0%AD%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8D%D1%80_%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%9E%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%BA%2C_%D0%B6%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BA%D1%96_%D0%86%D0%BB%D0%BB%D1%96_%D0%86%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%96%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%96%D1%87%D0%B0_%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%BA%D0%B0.jpg" decoding="async" width="89" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D1%80%D1%8D%D1%82_%D0%AD%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8D%D1%80_%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%9E%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%BA%2C_%D0%B6%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BA%D1%96_%D0%86%D0%BB%D0%BB%D1%96_%D0%86%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%96%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%96%D1%87%D0%B0_%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%BA%D0%B0.jpg/133px-%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D1%80%D1%8D%D1%82_%D0%AD%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8D%D1%80_%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%9E%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%BA%2C_%D0%B6%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BA%D1%96_%D0%86%D0%BB%D0%BB%D1%96_%D0%86%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%96%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%96%D1%87%D0%B0_%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%BA%D0%B0.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D1%80%D1%8D%D1%82_%D0%AD%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8D%D1%80_%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%9E%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%BA%2C_%D0%B6%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BA%D1%96_%D0%86%D0%BB%D0%BB%D1%96_%D0%86%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%96%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%96%D1%87%D0%B0_%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%BA%D0%B0.jpg/177px-%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D1%80%D1%8D%D1%82_%D0%AD%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8D%D1%80_%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%9E%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%BA%2C_%D0%B6%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BA%D1%96_%D0%86%D0%BB%D0%BB%D1%96_%D0%86%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%96%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%96%D1%87%D0%B0_%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%BA%D0%B0.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3582" data-file-height="4843" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A 19th century Belarusian Jewish woman wearing a wig underneath a silk cap or bonnet</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tunis._Jeune_filles_Juives_LCCN2001705540.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="19th century Tunisian Jewish girls wearing headscarves"><img alt="19th century Tunisian Jewish girls wearing headscarves" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Tunis._Jeune_filles_Juives_LCCN2001705540.jpg/94px-Tunis._Jeune_filles_Juives_LCCN2001705540.jpg" decoding="async" width="94" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Tunis._Jeune_filles_Juives_LCCN2001705540.jpg/141px-Tunis._Jeune_filles_Juives_LCCN2001705540.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Tunis._Jeune_filles_Juives_LCCN2001705540.jpg/188px-Tunis._Jeune_filles_Juives_LCCN2001705540.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1204" data-file-height="1536" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">19th century Tunisian Jewish girls wearing headscarves</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Yemenite_Gargush.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Yemenite Jewish girls wearing gargush caps"><img alt="Yemenite Jewish girls wearing gargush caps" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Yemenite_Gargush.jpg/104px-Yemenite_Gargush.jpg" decoding="async" width="104" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Yemenite_Gargush.jpg/156px-Yemenite_Gargush.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Yemenite_Gargush.jpg/208px-Yemenite_Gargush.jpg 2x" data-file-width="520" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Yemenite Jewish girls wearing gargush caps</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wedding_of_Joesph_Mendelevich_to_Kati_Seroussi,_Jerusalem,_1981_(retouched).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A just-married Jewish woman in a white headscarf at her wedding in the late 20th century"><img alt="A just-married Jewish woman in a white headscarf at her wedding in the late 20th century" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Wedding_of_Joesph_Mendelevich_to_Kati_Seroussi%2C_Jerusalem%2C_1981_%28retouched%29.jpg/173px-Wedding_of_Joesph_Mendelevich_to_Kati_Seroussi%2C_Jerusalem%2C_1981_%28retouched%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="173" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Wedding_of_Joesph_Mendelevich_to_Kati_Seroussi%2C_Jerusalem%2C_1981_%28retouched%29.jpg/259px-Wedding_of_Joesph_Mendelevich_to_Kati_Seroussi%2C_Jerusalem%2C_1981_%28retouched%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Wedding_of_Joesph_Mendelevich_to_Kati_Seroussi%2C_Jerusalem%2C_1981_%28retouched%29.jpg/346px-Wedding_of_Joesph_Mendelevich_to_Kati_Seroussi%2C_Jerusalem%2C_1981_%28retouched%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1112" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A just-married Jewish woman in a white headscarf at her wedding in the late 20th century</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Maurice_Minkowski_-_Eil_Molei_Rachamiem_(Commemorative_prayer).Jpeg" class="mw-file-description" title="A painting of late 19th or early 20th century Polish Jewish women in synagogue, wearing decorated caps with shawls over them"><img alt="A painting of late 19th or early 20th century Polish Jewish women in synagogue, wearing decorated caps with shawls over them" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Maurice_Minkowski_-_Eil_Molei_Rachamiem_%28Commemorative_prayer%29.Jpeg/91px-Maurice_Minkowski_-_Eil_Molei_Rachamiem_%28Commemorative_prayer%29.Jpeg" decoding="async" width="91" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Maurice_Minkowski_-_Eil_Molei_Rachamiem_%28Commemorative_prayer%29.Jpeg/137px-Maurice_Minkowski_-_Eil_Molei_Rachamiem_%28Commemorative_prayer%29.Jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Maurice_Minkowski_-_Eil_Molei_Rachamiem_%28Commemorative_prayer%29.Jpeg/182px-Maurice_Minkowski_-_Eil_Molei_Rachamiem_%28Commemorative_prayer%29.Jpeg 2x" data-file-width="2885" data-file-height="3800" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A painting of late 19th or early 20th century Polish Jewish women in synagogue, wearing decorated caps with shawls over them</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Jewish_Community_Synagogue_Ahmedabad_India_women_children.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Indian Jewish women. One, seated, is wearing a kippah"><img alt="Indian Jewish women. One, seated, is wearing a kippah" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Jewish_Community_Synagogue_Ahmedabad_India_women_children.jpg/160px-Jewish_Community_Synagogue_Ahmedabad_India_women_children.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Jewish_Community_Synagogue_Ahmedabad_India_women_children.jpg/240px-Jewish_Community_Synagogue_Ahmedabad_India_women_children.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Jewish_Community_Synagogue_Ahmedabad_India_women_children.jpg/320px-Jewish_Community_Synagogue_Ahmedabad_India_women_children.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3488" data-file-height="2616" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Indian Jewish women. One, seated, is wearing a kippah</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%D7%97%D7%99%D7%95%D7%9A_%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%A7_%D7%97%D7%AA%D7%95%D7%9A.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A woman wearing a headwrap that exposes a "tefach" (maximum acceptable amount) of hair"><img alt="A woman wearing a headwrap that exposes a "tefach" (maximum acceptable amount) of hair" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/%D7%97%D7%99%D7%95%D7%9A_%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%A7_%D7%97%D7%AA%D7%95%D7%9A.jpg/180px-%D7%97%D7%99%D7%95%D7%9A_%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%A7_%D7%97%D7%AA%D7%95%D7%9A.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="107" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/%D7%97%D7%99%D7%95%D7%9A_%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%A7_%D7%97%D7%AA%D7%95%D7%9A.jpg/270px-%D7%97%D7%99%D7%95%D7%9A_%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%A7_%D7%97%D7%AA%D7%95%D7%9A.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/%D7%97%D7%99%D7%95%D7%9A_%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%A7_%D7%97%D7%AA%D7%95%D7%9A.jpg/360px-%D7%97%D7%99%D7%95%D7%9A_%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%A7_%D7%97%D7%AA%D7%95%D7%9A.jpg 2x" data-file-width="838" data-file-height="499" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A woman wearing a headwrap that exposes a "tefach" (maximum acceptable amount) of hair</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Haredi_woman_(cropped).JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="A Haredi woman wearing a black headscarf with padding at the hairline"><img alt="A Haredi woman wearing a black headscarf with padding at the hairline" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Haredi_woman_%28cropped%29.JPG/85px-Haredi_woman_%28cropped%29.JPG" decoding="async" width="85" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Haredi_woman_%28cropped%29.JPG/127px-Haredi_woman_%28cropped%29.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Haredi_woman_%28cropped%29.JPG/170px-Haredi_woman_%28cropped%29.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1153" data-file-height="1626" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A <a href="/wiki/Haredi" class="mw-redirect" title="Haredi">Haredi</a> woman wearing a black headscarf with padding at the hairline</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Yonina_Eldar_-_Technion_2012.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Yonina Eldar, a professor, wearing a sheitel"><img alt="Yonina Eldar, a professor, wearing a sheitel" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Yonina_Eldar_-_Technion_2012.jpg/80px-Yonina_Eldar_-_Technion_2012.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Yonina_Eldar_-_Technion_2012.jpg/120px-Yonina_Eldar_-_Technion_2012.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Yonina_Eldar_-_Technion_2012.jpg/160px-Yonina_Eldar_-_Technion_2012.jpg 2x" data-file-width="641" data-file-height="962" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Yonina Eldar, a professor, wearing a <a href="/wiki/Sheitel" class="mw-redirect" title="Sheitel">sheitel</a></div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Head_covering_for_Jewish_women&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mishnaic manuscripts read <span title="Biblical Hebrew-language text"><span lang="hbo" dir="rtl">דת יהודים</span></span>, 'Law of the Jews', but printings, following most <a href="/wiki/Talmud" title="Talmud">Bavli</a> manuscripts, read <span title="Biblical Hebrew-language text"><span lang="hbo" dir="rtl">דת יהודית</span></span>, 'Jewish Law'. Cf. <span title="Biblical Hebrew-language text"><span lang="hbo" dir="rtl">דת ישראל</span></span> in <a href="/wiki/Tosefta" title="Tosefta">t.</a> <a href="/wiki/Ketubot" class="mw-redirect" title="Ketubot">Ketubot</a> 7:6.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Aronson-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Aronson_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Aronson_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFCahn-Lipman1991" class="citation book cs1">Cahn-Lipman, David E. (1991). <i>The Book of Jewish Knowledge: 613 Basic Facts about Judaism</i>. Jason Aronson. p. 146. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-87668-575-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-87668-575-4"><bdi>978-0-87668-575-4</bdi></a>. <q>In the late eighteenth century, women began covering their heads with a wig (a sheitel). Ironically, many rabbis opposed this innovation because they saw it as being indecent.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Book+of+Jewish+Knowledge%3A+613+Basic+Facts+about+Judaism&rft.pages=146&rft.pub=Jason+Aronson&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=978-0-87668-575-4&rft.aulast=Cahn-Lipman&rft.aufirst=David+E.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHead+covering+for+Jewish+women" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Shulchan_Aruch" title="Shulchan Aruch">Shulchan Aruch</a>, Even Ha'ezer 115, 4; Orach Chayim 75,2; Even Ha'ezer 21, 2</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Schiller, Mayer. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jofa.org/pdf/Batch%201/0101.pdf">"The Obligation of Married Women to Cover Their Hair"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080407062723/http://www.jofa.org/pdf/Batch%201/0101.pdf">Archived</a> 2008-04-07 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. <i>JHCS</i> 30, 1995, 81–108.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nishmat-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-nishmat_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nishmat_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.yoatzot.org/questions-and-answers/1384/">Hair covering at home</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-der5-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-der5_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-der5_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deracheha.org/head-covering-5-where/">Deracheha: Women and Head-Covering V: Where</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-der4-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-der4_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-der4_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deracheha.org/head-covering-4-how/">Deracheha: Women and Head-Covering IV: How</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Magen Avraham 75:4; Chatam Sofer I:36</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Moshe_Isserles" class="mw-redirect" title="Moshe Isserles">Rema</a>, Orach Chaim 75:2; Igrot Moshe, Even Haezer 1:58; R' <a href="/wiki/Ovadiah_Yosef" class="mw-redirect" title="Ovadiah Yosef">Ovadiah Yosef</a> (quoted in <i>Et Tzenu'im Chochma</i> 79a)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-der2-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-der2_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-der2_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-der2_9-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-der2_9-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-der2_9-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deracheha.org/head-covering-2-rationale-and-meaning/">Deracheha: Women and Head-Covering II: Rationale and Meaning</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt0405.htm#18">Numbers 5:18</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://daf-yomi.com/DYItemDetails.aspx?itemId=8301">'וראשה פרוע'</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-k72-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-k72_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-k72_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Ketubot 72a-72b</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYakov_Yitzchak_Fuks1989" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Yakov Yitzchak Fuks (1989). <i>Halichot Bat Yisrael</i> (in Hebrew). Jerusalem.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Halichot+Bat+Yisrael&rft.place=Jerusalem&rft.date=1989&rft.au=Yakov+Yitzchak+Fuks&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHead+covering+for+Jewish+women" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mishnah, <a href="/wiki/Ketuboth" class="mw-redirect" title="Ketuboth">Ketuboth</a> 7:6</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sefaria.org.il/Jastrow%2C_%D7%A7%D6%B7%D7%9C%D6%B8%D6%BC%D7%AA.1?lang=bi&with=all&lang2=en">Jastrow dictionary, קַלָּת</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt3004.htm#1">Song of Songs 4:1</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Brachot 24a</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-der1-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-der1_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deracheha.org/head-covering-1-halachic-basis/">Women and Head-Covering I: Halachic Basis</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">R' <a href="/wiki/Moshe_Feinstein" title="Moshe Feinstein">Moshe Feinstein</a>, Igrot Moshe, Orach Chaim 1:42; <a href="/wiki/Aruch_HaShulchan" title="Aruch HaShulchan">Aruch HaShulchan</a>, Orach Chaim 75:7, etc.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sefaria.org/sheets/93698.5?lang=bi&with=all&lang2=en">"Hair Covering in Jewish Law | Sefaria"</a>. <i>www.sefaria.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-04-21</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.sefaria.org&rft.atitle=Hair+Covering+in+Jewish+Law+%7C+Sefaria&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sefaria.org%2Fsheets%2F93698.5%3Flang%3Dbi%26with%3Dall%26lang2%3Den&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHead+covering+for+Jewish+women" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">e.g. <a href="/wiki/Mishneh_Torah" title="Mishneh Torah">Mishneh Torah</a>, <i>Issurei Biah</i> 21:16, <a href="/wiki/Sefer_Mitzvot_Gadol" title="Sefer Mitzvot Gadol">SeMaG</a>, <i>lo Taaseh</i> 126, <a href="/wiki/Orchot_Chaim" class="mw-redirect" title="Orchot Chaim">Orchot Chaim</a>, <i>Ketubot</i> 34, <a href="/wiki/Arba%27ah_Turim" title="Arba'ah Turim">Tur</a>, <i>Even haEzer</i> 21, <a href="/wiki/Shulchan_Aruch" title="Shulchan Aruch">Shulchan Arukh</a>, <i>Even haEzer</i> 21:2.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mishnah Ketubot 2:1</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jerusalem Talmud, Ketubot 2:1</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-der3-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-der3_25-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-der3_25-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-der3_25-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-der3_25-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-der3_25-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deracheha.org/head-covering-3-who/">Deracheha: Women and Head-Covering III: Who</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Igrot Moshe, Even Haezer 1:57 and 4:32:4</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.imj.org.il/exhibitions/2014/dresscodes/en/home/">"Dress Codes: Revealing the Jewish Wardrobe"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140703023811/http://www.imj.org.il/exhibitions/2014/dresscodes/en/home/">Archived</a> 3 July 2014 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, An exhibition focusing on this collection was presented at the Israel Museum, Jerusalem 11 March 2014 – 18 October 2014</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sefer Shomer Emunim, Rav Aharon Roth <a href="/wiki/Zt%22l" class="mw-redirect" title="Zt"l">zt"l</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Magen Avraham, 75:3</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKaplan_Sommer2013" class="citation news cs1">Kaplan Sommer, Alison (Dec 15, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.haaretz.com/2013-12-15/ty-article/jewish-women-wearing-yarmulkes/0000017f-e788-dea7-adff-f7fb8d7a0000">"Should a Jewish Woman Cover Her Head ... With a Yarmulke?"</a>. Haaretz Daily Newspaper Ltd. Haaretz<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 September</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Should+a+Jewish+Woman+Cover+Her+Head+...+With+a+Yarmulke%3F&rft.date=2013-12-15&rft.aulast=Kaplan+Sommer&rft.aufirst=Alison&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.haaretz.com%2F2013-12-15%2Fty-article%2Fjewish-women-wearing-yarmulkes%2F0000017f-e788-dea7-adff-f7fb8d7a0000&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHead+covering+for+Jewish+women" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBernstein2020" class="citation web cs1">Bernstein, Alyx (3 February 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tabletmag.com/sections/belief/articles/headband-nation">"Headband Nation"</a>. <i>Tablet</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 September</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Tablet&rft.atitle=Headband+Nation&rft.date=2020-02-03&rft.aulast=Bernstein&rft.aufirst=Alyx&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tabletmag.com%2Fsections%2Fbelief%2Farticles%2Fheadband-nation&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHead+covering+for+Jewish+women" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKent2022" class="citation web cs1">Kent, Aiden (29 August 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.heyalma.com/we-need-more-jewish-modest-style-influencers/">"We Need More Jewish Modest Style Influencers"</a>. <i>Alma</i>. 70/Faces Media<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-04-25</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=williamcollierdesign.com&rft.atitle=Orthodox+Jewish+Women+Wigs+and+Hair+Replacement+Systems+%7C+William+Collier+Design&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwilliamcollierdesign.com%2Fblog%2Forthodox-jewish-women-wigs&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHead+covering+for+Jewish+women" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRav_Moshe_Feinstein2007" class="citation book cs1">Rav Moshe Feinstein (29 October 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://parsha.blogspot.com/2007/10/igros-moshe-on-wigs-and-shavers-part-i.html"><i>Igros Moshe, Even HaEzer chelek 2, siman 12</i></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Igros+Moshe%2C+Even+HaEzer+chelek+2%2C+siman+12&rft.date=2007-10-29&rft.au=Rav+Moshe+Feinstein&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fparsha.blogspot.com%2F2007%2F10%2Figros-moshe-on-wigs-and-shavers-part-i.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHead+covering+for+Jewish+women" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">All over his published correspondence</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-chabad-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-chabad_45-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-chabad_45-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chabad.org/library/article_cdo/aid/72875/jewish/Wearing-A-Sheitel.htm">Letters on the importance of wearing a sheitel from the Lubavitcher Rebbe</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Torat Menachem תשי"ד P. 189-190"</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWakin2004" class="citation news cs1">Wakin, Daniel J. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 11,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Forward&rft.atitle=France%27s+Ban%2C+and+Israel%27s+Burka+Problem&rft.date=2011-04-18&rft.aulast=Shaviv&rft.aufirst=Miriam&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.forward.com%2Farticles%2F137102&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHead+covering+for+Jewish+women" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRosenberg2011" class="citation web cs1">Rosenberg, Oz (October 5, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111007165405/http://www.haaretz.com/print-edition/news/court-to-rule-on-legality-of-israeli-ultra-orthodox-taliban-sect-1.388187">"Court to rule on legality of Israeli ultra-Orthodox 'Taliban sect'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Haaretz" title="Haaretz">Haaretz</a></i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.haaretz.com/print-edition/news/court-to-rule-on-legality-of-israeli-ultra-orthodox-taliban-sect-1.388187">the original</a> on October 7, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 11,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Haaretz&rft.atitle=Court+to+rule+on+legality+of+Israeli+ultra-Orthodox+%27Taliban+sect%27&rft.date=2011-10-05&rft.aulast=Rosenberg&rft.aufirst=Oz&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.haaretz.com%2Fprint-edition%2Fnews%2Fcourt-to-rule-on-legality-of-israeli-ultra-orthodox-taliban-sect-1.388187&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHead+covering+for+Jewish+women" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShaviv2011" class="citation web cs1">Shaviv, Miriam (January 25, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100801031927/http://thejc.com/blogpost/should-israel-ban-burka">"Should Israel Ban the Burka?"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Jewish_Chronicle" title="The Jewish Chronicle">The Jewish Chronicle</a></i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thejc.com/lets-talk/should-israel-ban-the-burka-u95cqdtg">the original</a> on August 1, 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 11,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Jewish+Chronicle&rft.atitle=Should+Israel+Ban+the+Burka%3F&rft.date=2011-01-25&rft.aulast=Shaviv&rft.aufirst=Miriam&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thejc.com%2Flets-talk%2Fshould-israel-ban-the-burka-u95cqdtg&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHead+covering+for+Jewish+women" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShapiro2012" class="citation web cs1">Shapiro, Marc B. (June 11, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://seforimblog.com/2012/06/taliban-women-and-more/">"Taliban Women and More"</a>. <i>The Seforim Blog</i>. WordPress<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 4,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Seforim+Blog&rft.atitle=Taliban+Women+and+More&rft.date=2012-06-11&rft.aulast=Shapiro&rft.aufirst=Marc+B.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fseforimblog.com%2F2012%2F06%2Ftaliban-women-and-more%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHead+covering+for+Jewish+women" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sefaria.org/Sotah.10b.3?lang=bi">"Sotah 10b:3"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Sefaria" title="Sefaria">Sefaria</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Sefaria&rft.atitle=Sotah+10b%3A3&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sefaria.org%2FSotah.10b.3%3Flang%3Dbi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHead+covering+for+Jewish+women" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sefaria.org/Shabbat.80a.7?lang=bi">"Shabbat 80a:7"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Sefaria" title="Sefaria">Sefaria</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Sefaria&rft.atitle=Shabbat+80a%3A7&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sefaria.org%2FShabbat.80a.7%3Flang%3Dbi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHead+covering+for+Jewish+women" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sefaria.org/Jerusalem_Talmud_Shabbat.8.3.5?lang=bi">"Shabbat 8:3:5"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Sefaria" title="Sefaria">Sefaria</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Sefaria&rft.atitle=Shabbat+8%3A3%3A5&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sefaria.org%2FJerusalem_Talmud_Shabbat.8.3.5%3Flang%3Dbi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHead+covering+for+Jewish+women" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sefaria.org/Mishnah_Shabbat.6.6?lang=bi">"Shabbat 6:6"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Sefaria" title="Sefaria">Sefaria</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Sefaria&rft.atitle=Shabbat+6%3A6&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sefaria.org%2FMishnah_Shabbat.6.6%3Flang%3Dbi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHead+covering+for+Jewish+women" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sefaria.org/Mishneh_Torah%2C_Marriage.13.11?lang=bi">"Marriage 13:11"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Sefaria" title="Sefaria">Sefaria</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Sefaria&rft.atitle=Marriage+13%3A11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sefaria.org%2FMishneh_Torah%252C_Marriage.13.11%3Flang%3Dbi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHead+covering+for+Jewish+women" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTobin2017" class="citation web cs1">Tobin, Andrew (September 28, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jta.org/2017/09/28/united-states/when-jews-wore-burkas-an-exhibit-showcases-unexpected-jewish-fashion">"When Jews wore burkas: An exhibit showcases unexpected Jewish fashion"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Jewish_Telegraphic_Agency" title="Jewish Telegraphic Agency">Jewish Telegraphic Agency</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 11,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Jewish+Telegraphic+Agency&rft.atitle=When+Jews+wore+burkas%3A+An+exhibit+showcases+unexpected+Jewish+fashion&rft.date=2017-09-28&rft.aulast=Tobin&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jta.org%2F2017%2F09%2F28%2Funited-states%2Fwhen-jews-wore-burkas-an-exhibit-showcases-unexpected-jewish-fashion&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHead+covering+for+Jewish+women" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imj.org.il/en/collections/649704-0"><i>Jewish woman’s wrap (<i>izar</i>) and face veil (<i>khiliyye</i>)</i></a> (Silk, gilt metal thread; veil: horsehair). Jerusalem: <a href="/wiki/Israel_Museum" title="Israel Museum">Israel Museum</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 11,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Jewish+woman%E2%80%99s+wrap+%28%3Ci%3Eizar%3C%2Fi%3E%29+and+face+veil+%28%3Ci%3Ekhiliyye%3C%2Fi%3E%29&rft.place=Jerusalem&rft.pub=Israel+Museum&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.imj.org.il%2Fen%2Fcollections%2F649704-0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHead+covering+for+Jewish+women" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Head_covering_for_Jewish_women&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>Deracheha</i> article series on women's head covering: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deracheha.org/head-covering-1-halachic-basis/">halachic basis</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deracheha.org/head-covering-2-rationale-and-meaning/">rationale and meaning</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deracheha.org/head-covering-3-who/">who must cover</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deracheha.org/head-covering-4-how/">how to cover</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deracheha.org/head-covering-5-where/">where to cover</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tabletmag.com/jewish-life-and-religion/163782/orthodox-woman-many-hats">An Orthodox Woman Wears Many Hats: How To Blend In While Standing Out</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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href="/wiki/Template:Marital_life_in_Judaism" title="Template:Marital life in Judaism"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Marital_life_in_Judaism" title="Template talk:Marital life in Judaism"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Marital_life_in_Judaism" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Marital life in Judaism"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Marital_life_in_Judaism" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Marital life in <a href="/wiki/Judaism" title="Judaism">Judaism</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Jewish wedding</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chuppah" title="Chuppah">Chuppah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erusin" title="Erusin">Erusin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_views_on_marriage" title="Jewish views on marriage">Jewish views on marriage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_wedding" title="Jewish wedding">Jewish wedding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ketubah" title="Ketubah">Ketubah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_prenuptial_agreement" title="Jewish prenuptial agreement">Prenuptial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheva_Brachot" title="Sheva Brachot">Sheva Brachot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shidduch" title="Shidduch">Shidduch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yichud" title="Yichud">Yichud</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Jewish_Marriage.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Jewish_Marriage.jpg/85px-Jewish_Marriage.jpg" decoding="async" width="85" height="92" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Jewish_Marriage.jpg/128px-Jewish_Marriage.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Jewish_Marriage.jpg/170px-Jewish_Marriage.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1263" data-file-height="1371" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Prohibitions and <a href="/wiki/Halakha" title="Halakha">Halakhot</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cunnilingus_in_Halacha" title="Cunnilingus in Halacha">Cunnilingus in Halacha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fellatio_in_Halacha" title="Fellatio in Halacha">Fellatio in Halacha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forbidden_relationships_in_Judaism" title="Forbidden relationships in Judaism">Forbidden relationships in Judaism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_views_on_incest" title="Jewish views on incest">Jewish views on incest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Negiah" title="Negiah">Negiah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prohibition_of_extracting_semen_in_vain_(Judaism)" class="mw-redirect" title="Prohibition of extracting semen in vain (Judaism)">Prohibition of extracting semen in vain (Judaism)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rabbi_Zeira%27s_stringency" title="Rabbi Zeira's stringency">Rabbi Zeira's stringency</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Head covering for married women</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tzniut" title="Tzniut">Tzniut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yichud" title="Yichud">Yichud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/You_shall_not_commit_adultery" class="mw-redirect" title="You shall not commit adultery">You shall not commit adultery</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Women forbidden to their husbands</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Childbirth" title="Childbirth">Childbirth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dam_betulim" title="Dam betulim">Dam betulim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niddah" title="Niddah">Niddah</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Tumah_and_taharah" title="Tumah and taharah">Purity</a> of a woman to her husband</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hefsek_taharah" title="Hefsek taharah">Hefsek taharah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikveh" title="Mikveh">Mikveh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ritual_washing_in_Judaism#Full-body_immersion_(Tvilah)" title="Ritual washing in Judaism">Tvilah</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Jewish <a href="/wiki/Divorce" title="Divorce">divorce</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agunah" title="Agunah">Agunah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Get_(divorce_document)" title="Get (divorce document)">Get</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heter_meah_rabbanim" title="Heter meah rabbanim">Heter meah rabbanim</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Women_in_Judaism" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Women_in_Judaism" title="Template:Women in Judaism"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Women_in_Judaism" title="Template talk:Women in Judaism"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Women_in_Judaism" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Women in Judaism"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Women_in_Judaism" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Women_in_Judaism" title="Women in Judaism">Women in Judaism</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">General topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_Judaism" title="Women in Judaism">Women in Judaism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_the_Bible" title="Women in the Bible">In the Bible</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_women_in_early_modern_period" title="Jewish women in early modern period">Early modern period</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_women_in_the_Holocaust" title="Jewish women in the Holocaust">In the Holocaust</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_Israel" title="Women in Israel">In Israel</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gender_and_Judaism" class="mw-redirect" title="Gender and Judaism">Gender and Judaism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Matrilineality_in_Judaism" title="Matrilineality in Judaism">Matrilineality in Judaism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bat-Kohen" title="Bat-Kohen">Bat-Kohen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bat_Levi" class="mw-redirect" title="Bat Levi">Bat Levi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gender_and_Jewish_studies" title="Gender and Jewish studies">Gender and Jewish studies</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="History" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">History</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_Women%27s_Congress" title="Jewish Women's Congress">Jewish Women's Congress</a> (1893)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1902_Kosher_Meat_Boycott" class="mw-redirect" title="1902 Kosher Meat Boycott">1902 Kosher Meat Boycott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1904_New_York_City_Rent_Strike" class="mw-redirect" title="1904 New York City Rent Strike">1904 New York City Rent Strike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1906_Tonsil_Riots" title="1906 Tonsil Riots">1906 Tonsil Riots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1907_New_York_City_Rent_Strike" class="mw-redirect" title="1907 New York City Rent Strike">1907 New York City Rent Strike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_shirtwaist_strike_of_1909" title="New York shirtwaist strike of 1909">1909 Shirtwaist Strike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_World_Congress_of_Jewish_Women" title="First World Congress of Jewish Women">World Congress of Jewish Women</a> (1923, 1929)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_Torah_Project" title="Women's Torah Project">Women's Torah Project</a> (2003–2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_Siyum_HaShas" class="mw-redirect" title="Women's Siyum HaShas">Women's Siyum HaShas</a> (2020)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Feminism</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_feminism" title="Jewish feminism">Jewish feminism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Orthodox_Jewish_feminism" title="Orthodox Jewish feminism">Orthodox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminism_in_Israel" title="Feminism in Israel">Israeli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mizrahi_feminism" title="Mizrahi feminism">Mizrahi</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Life cycle events</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zeved_habat" title="Zeved habat"><i>Zeved habat</i> / <i>Simchat bat</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bar_and_bat_mitzvah" title="Bar and bat mitzvah"><i>Bar</i> and <i>bat mitzvah</i></a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adult_bar_and_bat_mitzvah" title="Adult bar and bat mitzvah">For adults</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Girls%27_Day_(Judaism)" title="Girls' Day (Judaism)">Girls' Day (<i>Chag habanot</i>)</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Marriage</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_views_on_marriage" title="Jewish views on marriage">Marriage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shidduch" title="Shidduch">Matchmaking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ketubah" title="Ketubah">Marriage contract</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shalom_bayit" title="Shalom bayit">Marital harmony</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Head covering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balabusta" title="Balabusta">Homemaker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niddah" title="Niddah">Ritual purity</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mikvah" class="mw-redirect" title="Mikvah">Ritual immersion</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Get_(divorce_document)" title="Get (divorce document)">Divorce</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Agunah" title="Agunah">Agunah</a></i></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Practices and concepts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gender_separation_in_Judaism" title="Gender separation in Judaism">Gender separation</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Tzniut" title="Tzniut">Tzniut</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Negiah" title="Negiah">Negiah</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Yichud" title="Yichud">Yichud</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judaism_and_abortion" title="Judaism and abortion">Abortion</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_Israel" title="Abortion in Israel">In Israel</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_views_on_contraception" title="Jewish views on contraception">Birth control</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judaism_and_sexuality" title="Judaism and sexuality">Sexuality</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Homosexuality_and_Judaism" class="mw-redirect" title="Homosexuality and Judaism">Homosexuality</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Prayer and study</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Tkhine" title="Tkhine">Tkhine</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tseno_Ureno" class="mw-redirect" title="Tseno Ureno">Tseno Ureno</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Partnership_minyan" title="Partnership minyan">Partnership <i>minyan</i></a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tefillin_Barbie" title="Tefillin Barbie">Tefillin Barbie</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Midrasha" title="Midrasha">Midrasha</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mechitza" title="Mechitza">Mechitza</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Court_of_the_Women" title="Court of the Women">Court of the Women</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Religious roles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Rebbetzin" title="Rebbetzin">Rebbetzin</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_rabbis_and_Torah_scholars" title="Women rabbis and Torah scholars">Rabbis and Torah scholars</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_women_rabbis" title="Timeline of women rabbis">Timeline</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Yoetzet_halacha" title="Yoetzet halacha">Yoetzet halacha</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Toanot_Rabniyot" title="Toanot Rabniyot">Toanot Rabniyot</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soferet" class="mw-redirect" title="Soferet">Scribe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chazante" class="mw-redirect" title="Chazante">Cantor</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_women_hazzans" title="Timeline of women hazzans">Timeline</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Firzogerin" title="Firzogerin">Firzogerin</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aminadav_(organization)" title="Aminadav (organization)">Aminadav</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bat_Kol_(organization)" title="Bat Kol (organization)">Bat Kol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%27not_Esh" title="B'not Esh">B'not Esh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Center_for_Women%27s_Justice" title="Center for Women's Justice">CWJ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chochmat_Nashim" title="Chochmat Nashim">Chochmat Nashim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eshel_(organization)" title="Eshel (organization)">Eshel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hadassah_Women%27s_Zionist_Organization_of_America" title="Hadassah Women's Zionist Organization of America">Hadassah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hadran_(organization)" title="Hadran (organization)">Hadran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haifa_Women%27s_Coalition" title="Haifa Women's Coalition">Haifa Women's Coalition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israel_Women%27s_Network" title="Israel Women's Network">Israel Women's Network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_Orthodox_Feminist_Alliance" title="Jewish Orthodox Feminist Alliance">JOFA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_Women%27s_Archive" title="Jewish Women's Archive">JWA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_Women_Artists%27_Circle" title="Jewish Women Artists' Circle">Women Artists' Circle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_Women%27s_Committee_to_End_the_Occupation" title="Jewish Women's Committee to End the Occupation">JWCEO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_Women%27s_Collaborative_International_Fund" title="Jewish Women's Collaborative International Fund">JWCIF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_Women_International" title="Jewish Women International">JWI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Kohenet_Institute" title="The Kohenet Institute">Kohenet Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kolech" title="Kolech">Kolech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/League_of_Jewish_Women" title="League of Jewish Women">League of Jewish Women</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maharat" title="Maharat">Maharat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ma%27yan" title="Ma'yan">Ma'yan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N%27shei_Chabad" title="N'shei Chabad">N'shei Chabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Na%27amat" title="Na'amat">Na'amat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Council_of_Jewish_Women" title="National Council of Jewish Women">NCJW</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lo_Nivcharot,_Lo_Bocharot" title="Lo Nivcharot, Lo Bocharot">Nivcharot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philomath_Club" title="Philomath Club">Philomath Club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pi_Alpha_Tau" title="Pi Alpha Tau">Pi Alpha Tau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_of_Jewish_Women" title="Union of Jewish Women">Union of Jewish Women</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_Cantors_Network" title="Women Cantors Network">Cantors Network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_of_Reform_Judaism" title="Women of Reform Judaism">Women of Reform Judaism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_of_the_Wall" title="Women of the Wall">WoW</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_for_the_Wall" title="Women for the Wall">W4W</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_International_Zionist_Organization" title="Women's International Zionist Organization">WIZO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_League_for_Conservative_Judaism" title="Women's League for Conservative Judaism">WLCJ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_League_for_Israel" title="Women's League for Israel">WLI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_Rabbinic_Network" title="Women's Rabbinic Network">Women's Rabbinic Network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_Spirit" title="Women's Spirit">Women's Spirit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vocolot" title="Vocolot">Vocolot</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Historic / defunct</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Clara_de_Hirsch_Home_for_Working_Girls" title="Clara de Hirsch Home for Working Girls">Clara de Hirsch Home</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Di_Vilde_Chayes" title="Di Vilde Chayes">Di Vilde Chayes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/League_of_Jewish_Women_(Germany)" title="League of Jewish Women (Germany)">League of Jewish Women (Germany)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_League_for_Woman_Suffrage" title="Jewish League for Woman Suffrage">Jewish League for Woman Suffrage (UK)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_Orchestra_of_Auschwitz" title="Women's Orchestra of Auschwitz">Women's Orchestra of Auschwitz</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Publications</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Binah_(magazine)" title="Binah (magazine)">Binah</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hadassah_Magazine" title="Hadassah Magazine">Hadassah Magazine</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lilith_(magazine)" title="Lilith (magazine)">Lilith</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_American_Jewess" title="The American Jewess">The American Jewess</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Schools</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Orthodox_Jewish_schools_for_women" title="Category:Orthodox Jewish schools for women">Orthodox Jewish schools for women</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Places</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rachel%27s_Tomb" title="Rachel's Tomb">Rachel's Tomb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tomb_of_the_Matriarchs" title="Tomb of the Matriarchs">Tomb of the Matriarchs</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Star_of_David.svg/14px-Star_of_David.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="16" class="mw-file-element" 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