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</ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input 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<input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 19 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-19" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">19 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%AF%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%A9_%D9%85%D9%88%D9%87%D9%84%D9%86%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%82" title="فردریک موهلنبرق – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="فردریک موهلنبرق" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_Muhlenberg" title="Frederick Muhlenberg – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Frederick Muhlenberg" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_Muhlenberg" title="Frederick Muhlenberg – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Frederick Muhlenberg" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_Muhlenberg" title="Frederick Muhlenberg – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Frederick Muhlenberg" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_Muhlenberg" title="Frederick Muhlenberg – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Frederick Muhlenberg" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%AF%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%A9_%D9%85%D9%88%D9%84%D9%86%D8%A8%D8%B1%DA%AF" title="فردریک مولنبرگ – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="فردریک مولنبرگ" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_Muhlenberg" title="Frederick Muhlenberg – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Frederick Muhlenberg" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_Muhlenberg" title="Frederick Muhlenberg – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Frederick Muhlenberg" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%93%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%A7_%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%A0%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%92" title="פרדריק מולנברג – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="פרדריק מולנברג" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%83_%D9%85%D9%88%D9%87%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%AC" title="فريديريك موهلينبيرج – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="فريديريك موهلينبيرج" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%95%E3%83%AC%E3%83%87%E3%83%AA%E3%83%83%E3%82%AF%E3%83%BB%E3%83%9F%E3%83%A5%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AC%E3%83%B3%E3%83%90%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B0" title="フレデリック・ミューレンバーグ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="フレデリック・ミューレンバーグ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_Muhlenberg" title="Frederick Muhlenberg – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Frederick Muhlenberg" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_Muhlenberg" title="Frederick Muhlenberg – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Frederick Muhlenberg" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3,_%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Муленберг, Фредерик – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Муленберг, Фредерик" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_Muhlenberg" title="Frederick Muhlenberg – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Frederick Muhlenberg" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_Muhlenberg" title="Frederick Muhlenberg – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Frederick Muhlenberg" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_Muhlenberg" title="Frederick Muhlenberg – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Frederick Muhlenberg" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_Muhlenberg" title="Frederick Muhlenberg – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Frederick Muhlenberg" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_Muhlenberg" title="Frederick Muhlenberg – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Frederick Muhlenberg" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q724629#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit 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class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">American minister and politician (1750–1801)</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other people named Frederick Muhlenberg, see <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Muhlenberg_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Frederick Muhlenberg (disambiguation)">Frederick Muhlenberg (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%;"><div class="fn" style="font-size:125%;">Frederick Muhlenberg</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Frederick_Augustus_Conrad_Muhlenberg_by_Joseph_Wright,_1790,_oil_on_canvas_with_applied_wood_strip,_from_the_National_Portrait_Gallery_-_NPG-7400002A_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Frederick_Augustus_Conrad_Muhlenberg_by_Joseph_Wright%2C_1790%2C_oil_on_canvas_with_applied_wood_strip%2C_from_the_National_Portrait_Gallery_-_NPG-7400002A_2.jpg/220px-Frederick_Augustus_Conrad_Muhlenberg_by_Joseph_Wright%2C_1790%2C_oil_on_canvas_with_applied_wood_strip%2C_from_the_National_Portrait_Gallery_-_NPG-7400002A_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="277" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Frederick_Augustus_Conrad_Muhlenberg_by_Joseph_Wright%2C_1790%2C_oil_on_canvas_with_applied_wood_strip%2C_from_the_National_Portrait_Gallery_-_NPG-7400002A_2.jpg/330px-Frederick_Augustus_Conrad_Muhlenberg_by_Joseph_Wright%2C_1790%2C_oil_on_canvas_with_applied_wood_strip%2C_from_the_National_Portrait_Gallery_-_NPG-7400002A_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Frederick_Augustus_Conrad_Muhlenberg_by_Joseph_Wright%2C_1790%2C_oil_on_canvas_with_applied_wood_strip%2C_from_the_National_Portrait_Gallery_-_NPG-7400002A_2.jpg/440px-Frederick_Augustus_Conrad_Muhlenberg_by_Joseph_Wright%2C_1790%2C_oil_on_canvas_with_applied_wood_strip%2C_from_the_National_Portrait_Gallery_-_NPG-7400002A_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6019" data-file-height="7588" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="line-height:normal;padding-top:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Portrait_of_Frederick_Muhlenberg" title="Portrait of Frederick Muhlenberg">Portrait of Frederick Muhlenberg</a>, 1790</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">1st <a href="/wiki/Speaker_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="Speaker of the United States House of Representatives">Speaker of the United States House of Representatives</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />December 2, 1793 – March 4, 1795</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Trumbull_Jr." title="Jonathan Trumbull Jr.">Jonathan Trumbull Jr.</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Dayton" title="Jonathan Dayton">Jonathan Dayton</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />April 1, 1789 – March 4, 1791</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><i>Office established</i></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data">Jonathan Trumbull Jr.</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Dean_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="Dean of the United States House of Representatives">Dean of the United States House of Representatives</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />March 4, 1789 – March 4, 1797</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><i>Title established</i></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Hartley" title="Thomas Hartley">Thomas Hartley</a><br /><a href="/wiki/George_Thatcher" title="George Thatcher">George Thatcher</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">Member of the<br /><a href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="United States House of Representatives">U.S. House of Representatives</a><br />from <a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania" title="Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />March 4, 1789 – March 4, 1797</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><i>Constituency established</i></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Blair_McClenachan" title="Blair McClenachan">Blair McClenachan</a> (2nd)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Constituency</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania%27s_At-large_congressional_district" class="mw-redirect" title="Pennsylvania's At-large congressional district">At-large</a> (1789–1791)<br /><a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania%27s_2nd_congressional_district" title="Pennsylvania's 2nd congressional district">2nd district</a> (1791–1793)<br />At-large (1793–1795)<br />2nd district (1795–1797)</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">Delegate from Pennsylvania to the <a href="/wiki/Second_Continental_Congress" title="Second Continental Congress">Continental Congress</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />1779–1780</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">Frederick Augustus Conrad Muhlenberg</div><br /><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1750-01-01</span>)</span>January 1, 1750<br /><a href="/wiki/Trappe,_Pennsylvania" title="Trappe, Pennsylvania">Trappe</a>, Pennsylvania, British America</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">June 4, 1801<span style="display:none">(1801-06-04)</span> (aged 51)<br /><a href="/wiki/Lancaster,_Pennsylvania" title="Lancaster, Pennsylvania">Lancaster, Pennsylvania</a>, U.S.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Resting place</th><td class="infobox-data label"><a href="/wiki/Woodward_Hill_Cemetery" title="Woodward Hill Cemetery">Woodward Hill Cemetery</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Political party</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Democratic-Republican_Party" title="Democratic-Republican Party">Democratic-Republican</a> (1795–1801)<br /><a href="/wiki/Anti-Administration_Party_(United_States)" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-Administration Party (United States)">Anti-Administration</a> (1791–1795)<br /><a href="/wiki/Federalist_Party" title="Federalist Party">Pro-Administration</a> (before 1791)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Relatives</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Muhlenberg_family" title="Muhlenberg family">Muhlenberg family</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Alma_mater" title="Alma mater">Alma mater</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/University_of_Halle-Wittenberg" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Halle-Wittenberg">University of Halle</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Profession</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Minister_of_religion" class="mw-redirect" title="Minister of religion">Minister of religion</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Signature</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Frederick_Muhlenberg_Signature.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Frederick Muhlenberg's signature"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Frederick_Muhlenberg_Signature.svg/128px-Frederick_Muhlenberg_Signature.svg.png" decoding="async" width="128" height="62" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Frederick_Muhlenberg_Signature.svg/192px-Frederick_Muhlenberg_Signature.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Frederick_Muhlenberg_Signature.svg/256px-Frederick_Muhlenberg_Signature.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="383" data-file-height="186" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><div style="border:4px solid navy; line-height: 1.5; text-align: center;"> <a href="/wiki/List_of_Pennsylvania_state_historical_markers" title="List of Pennsylvania state historical markers">Pennsylvania Historical Marker</a></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Official name</th><td class="infobox-data">Frederick A. C. Muhlenberg (1750–1801)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Type</th><td class="infobox-data">Roadside</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Designated</th><td class="infobox-data">April 12, 2008<sup id="cite_ref-PHMC_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PHMC-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Location</th><td class="infobox-data">151 W Main St., Trappe, across from strip mall</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><th colspan="2"> </th></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top: 1px solid right;"><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Frederick Augustus Conrad Muhlenberg</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'m' in 'my'">m</span><span title="/juː/: 'u' in 'cute'">juː</span><span title="'l' in 'lie'">l</span><span title="/ɪ/: 'i' in 'kit'">ɪ</span><span title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</span><span title="'b' in 'buy'">b</span><span title="/ɜːr/: 'ur' in 'fur'">ɜːr</span><span title="/ɡ/: 'g' in 'guy'">ɡ</span></span>/</a></span></span>; January 1, 1750 – June 4, 1801) was an American <a href="/wiki/Minister_of_religion" class="mw-redirect" title="Minister of religion">minister</a> and <a href="/wiki/Politics_of_the_United_States" title="Politics of the United States">politician</a> who was the first <a href="/wiki/Speaker_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="Speaker of the United States House of Representatives">Speaker of the United States House of Representatives</a> and the first <a href="/wiki/Dean_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="Dean of the United States House of Representatives">Dean of the United States House of Representatives</a>. A member of the <a href="/wiki/Federalist_Party" title="Federalist Party">Federalist Party</a>, he was delegate to the Pennsylvania state constitutional convention and a <a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Representatives_from_Pennsylvania" class="mw-redirect" title="List of United States Representatives from Pennsylvania">member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Pennsylvania</a> and a <a href="/wiki/Lutheranism" title="Lutheranism">Lutheran</a> pastor by profession, Muhlenberg was born in <a href="/wiki/Trappe,_Pennsylvania" title="Trappe, Pennsylvania">Trappe, Pennsylvania</a>. His home, known as <a href="/wiki/The_Speaker%27s_House" title="The Speaker's House">The Speaker's House</a>, is now a museum and is currently undergoing restoration to restore its appearance during Muhlenberg's occupancy.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life_and_education">Early life and education</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frederick_Muhlenberg&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life and education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Muhlenberg was born in <a href="/wiki/Trappe,_Pennsylvania" title="Trappe, Pennsylvania">Trappe, Pennsylvania</a>, the son of Anna Maria (Weiser) and <a href="/wiki/Henry_Muhlenberg" title="Henry Muhlenberg">Heinrich Melchior Mühlenberg</a>. His father, an immigrant from <a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Empire" title="Holy Roman Empire">Germany</a>, was considered the founder of the <a href="/wiki/Lutheranism" title="Lutheranism">Lutheran Church</a> in <a href="/wiki/North_America" title="North America">North America</a>. His maternal grandfather was Pennsylvania German colonial leader <a href="/wiki/Conrad_Weiser" title="Conrad Weiser">Conrad Weiser</a>. His brother, <a href="/wiki/Peter_Muhlenberg" title="Peter Muhlenberg">Peter</a>, was a general in the <a href="/wiki/Continental_Army" title="Continental Army">Continental Army</a> and his brother Gotthilf Heinrich Ernst was a botanist.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1763, together with his brothers <a href="/wiki/John_Peter_Gabriel_Muhlenberg" class="mw-redirect" title="John Peter Gabriel Muhlenberg">John Peter Gabriel</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gotthilf_Henry_Ernst_Muhlenberg" class="mw-redirect" title="Gotthilf Henry Ernst Muhlenberg">Gotthilf Henry Ernst</a>, he attended the <a href="/wiki/Latin_school" title="Latin school">Latina</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Francke_Foundations" title="Francke Foundations">Franckesche Stiftungen</a><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in <a href="/wiki/Halle,_Saxony-Anhalt" class="mw-redirect" title="Halle, Saxony-Anhalt">Halle</a>, Germany. In 1769, he attended the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Halle" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Halle">University of Halle</a>, where he studied <a href="/wiki/Christian_theology" title="Christian theology">theology</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Career">Career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frederick_Muhlenberg&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On October 25, 1770, Muhlenberg was ordained by the <a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania_Ministerium" title="Pennsylvania Ministerium">Pennsylvania Ministerium</a> as a minister of the <a href="/wiki/Lutheranism" title="Lutheranism">Lutheran Church</a>. He preached in <a href="/wiki/Stouchsburg,_Pennsylvania" title="Stouchsburg, Pennsylvania">Stouchsburg, Pennsylvania</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Lebanon,_Pennsylvania" title="Lebanon, Pennsylvania">Lebanon, Pennsylvania</a>, from 1770 to 1774, and in <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a> from 1774 to 1776. When the <a href="/wiki/British_Army_during_the_American_Revolutionary_War" title="British Army during the American Revolutionary War">British Army</a> entered New York at the onset of the <a href="/wiki/American_Revolutionary_War" title="American Revolutionary War">American Revolutionary War</a>, he felt obligated to leave, and returned to Pennsylvania. He moved to <a href="/wiki/New_Hanover_Township,_Pennsylvania" title="New Hanover Township, Pennsylvania">New Hanover Township</a>, and was a pastor there and in <a href="/wiki/Oley_Township,_Pennsylvania" title="Oley Township, Pennsylvania">Oley</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bally,_Pennsylvania" title="Bally, Pennsylvania">New Goshenhoppen</a> until August 1779.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Continental_Congress">Continental Congress</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frederick_Muhlenberg&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Continental Congress"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Muhlenberg was a member of the <a href="/wiki/Continental_Congress" title="Continental Congress">Continental Congress</a> in 1779 and 1780, and served in the <a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania_House_of_Representatives" title="Pennsylvania House of Representatives">Pennsylvania House of Representatives</a> from 1780 to 1783. He was elected its <a href="/wiki/Speaker_of_the_Pennsylvania_House_of_Representatives" class="mw-redirect" title="Speaker of the Pennsylvania House of Representatives">speaker</a> on November 3, 1780.<sup id="cite_ref-Muhlenberg_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Muhlenberg-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was a delegate to and chairman of the Pennsylvania state constitutional convention in 1787 called to ratify the <a href="/wiki/U.S._Constitution" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Constitution">Federal Constitution</a>. He was the first signer of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Bill_of_Rights" title="United States Bill of Rights">Bill of Rights</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="U.S._House_of_Representatives">U.S. House of Representatives</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frederick_Muhlenberg&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: U.S. House of Representatives"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>He served as a <a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Representatives_from_Pennsylvania" class="mw-redirect" title="List of United States Representatives from Pennsylvania">member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Pennsylvania</a> in the first and the three succeeding United States Congresses (March 4, 1789 – March 4, 1797). Muhlenberg was also the first <a href="/wiki/Speaker_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="Speaker of the United States House of Representatives">Speaker of the United States House of Representatives</a>. In August 1789, he cast the deciding vote for the location of the nation's new capital. He did not seek renomination as speaker in 1796. On April 29, 1796, as chairman of the <a href="/wiki/Committee_of_the_Whole" class="mw-redirect" title="Committee of the Whole">Committee of the Whole</a>, he cast the deciding vote for the laws necessary to carry out the <a href="/wiki/Jay_Treaty" title="Jay Treaty">Jay Treaty</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1794, during Muhlenberg's second tenure as Speaker, the House voted 42–41 against a proposal to translate some of the laws into <a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a>. Muhlenberg, who himself abstained from the vote, commented later that "the faster the Germans become Americans, the better it will be."<sup id="cite_ref-spiegel_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-spiegel-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Despite not having voted against the bill, a <a href="/wiki/Urban_legend" title="Urban legend">legend</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Muhlenberg_legend" title="Muhlenberg legend">Muhlenberg Legend</a>, developed in which he was responsible for prohibiting German as an official language of the United States.<sup id="cite_ref-spiegel_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-spiegel-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to another legend, Muhlenberg also suggested that the title of the President of the United States should be "Mr. President," instead of "His High Mightiness" or "His Elected Majesty," as <a href="/wiki/John_Adams" title="John Adams">John Adams</a> had suggested.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_offices">Other offices</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frederick_Muhlenberg&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Other offices"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Muhlenberg was president of the council of censors of Pennsylvania, and was appointed receiver general of the Pennsylvania Land Office on January 8, 1800, serving until his death in <a href="/wiki/Lancaster,_Pennsylvania" title="Lancaster, Pennsylvania">Lancaster, Pennsylvania</a>, on June 4, 1801.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Personal_life">Personal life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frederick_Muhlenberg&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Personal life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On October 15, 1771, Muhlenberg married Catherine Schaeffer, the daughter of wealthy <a href="/wiki/Philadelphia" title="Philadelphia">Philadelphia</a> sugar refiner David Schaeffer. They had seven children.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Death">Death</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frederick_Muhlenberg&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Death"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On June 4, 1801, Muhlenberg died in <a href="/wiki/Lancaster,_Pennsylvania" title="Lancaster, Pennsylvania">Lancaster, Pennsylvania</a>, at age 51. He was interred in <a href="/wiki/Woodward_Hill_Cemetery" title="Woodward Hill Cemetery">Woodward Hill Cemetery</a> in Lancaster.<sup id="cite_ref-Muhlenberg_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Muhlenberg-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Speaker_of_the_House_Frederick_Muhlenberg_Gravesite.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Speaker_of_the_House_Frederick_Muhlenberg_Gravesite.jpg/220px-Speaker_of_the_House_Frederick_Muhlenberg_Gravesite.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Speaker_of_the_House_Frederick_Muhlenberg_Gravesite.jpg/330px-Speaker_of_the_House_Frederick_Muhlenberg_Gravesite.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Speaker_of_the_House_Frederick_Muhlenberg_Gravesite.jpg/440px-Speaker_of_the_House_Frederick_Muhlenberg_Gravesite.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3088" data-file-height="3088" /></a><figcaption>The gravesite of Speaker Muhlenberg</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legacy">Legacy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frederick_Muhlenberg&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Legacy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>On July 9, 1945, with <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a> still ongoing, the S.S. <i>Muhlenberg</i>, named in Muhlenberg's honor, was launched at the <a href="/wiki/Bethlehem_Fairfield_Shipyard" title="Bethlehem Fairfield Shipyard">Bethlehem Fairfield Shipyard</a> in <a href="/wiki/Baltimore" title="Baltimore">Baltimore</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frederick_Muhlenberg&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/German_language_in_the_United_States" title="German language in the United States">German language in the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhlenberg_College" title="Muhlenberg College">Muhlenberg College</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Allentown,_Pennsylvania" title="Allentown, Pennsylvania">Allentown, Pennsylvania</a>, named for <a href="/wiki/Henry_Muhlenberg" title="Henry Muhlenberg">Henry Muhlenberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Speaker%27s_House" title="The Speaker's House">The Speaker's House</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Trappe,_Pennsylvania" title="Trappe, Pennsylvania">Trappe, Pennsylvania</a>, home of Frederick Muhlenberg</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frederick_Muhlenberg&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFUnited_States_CongressM001063" class="citation web cs1">United States Congress. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=M001063">"Frederick Muhlenberg (id: M001063)"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Biographical_Directory_of_the_United_States_Congress" title="Biographical Directory of the United States Congress">Biographical Directory of the United States Congress</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Biographical+Directory+of+the+United+States+Congress&rft.atitle=Frederick+Muhlenberg+%28id%3A+M001063%29&rft.au=United+States+Congress&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbioguide.congress.gov%2Fscripts%2Fbiodisplay.pl%3Findex%3DM001063&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrederick+Muhlenberg" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070320215742/http://www.archives.upenn.edu/histy/features/1700s/people/muhlenberg_fred.html">Biography and portrait</a> at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Pennsylvania" title="University of Pennsylvania">University of Pennsylvania</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frederick_Muhlenberg&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-PHMC-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-PHMC_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.phmc.state.pa.us/PHMCWebSearch/ViewMarker.aspx?markerId=714">"PHMC Frederick A. C. Muhlenberg (1750–1801)"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 2,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=PHMC+Frederick+A.+C.+Muhlenberg+%281750%E2%80%931801%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.phmc.state.pa.us%2FPHMCWebSearch%2FViewMarker.aspx%3FmarkerId%3D714&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrederick+Muhlenberg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190520103822/http://www.speakershouse.org/restoration/">"House Restoration"</a>. <i>The Speakers House</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.speakershouse.org/restoration/">the original</a> on May 20, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 28,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Speakers+House&rft.atitle=House+Restoration&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.speakershouse.org%2Frestoration%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrederick+Muhlenberg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Minardi, Lisa. "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.immigrantentrepreneurship.org/entry.php?rec=272">Frederick Muhlenberg</a>." In <i>Immigrant Entrepreneurship: German-American Business Biographies, 1720 to the Present</i>, vol. 1, edited by Marianne S. Wokeck. German Historical Institute. Last modified May 31, 2016.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Archiv der <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://192.124.243.55/cgi-bin/gkdb.pl">Franckeschen Stiftungen</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160303221442/http://192.124.243.55/cgi-bin/gkdb.pl">Archived</a> March 3, 2016, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, AF St/S B I 94 I, 575–577</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://history.house.gov/People/Detail/18657">"Muhlenberg, Frederick Augustus Conrad – US House of Representatives: History, Art & Archives"</a>. <i>history.house.gov</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=history.house.gov&rft.atitle=Muhlenberg%2C+Frederick+Augustus+Conrad+%E2%80%93+US+House+of+Representatives%3A+History%2C+Art+%26+Archives&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhistory.house.gov%2FPeople%2FDetail%2F18657&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrederick+Muhlenberg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Muhlenberg-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Muhlenberg_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Muhlenberg_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.legis.state.pa.us/cfdocs/legis/SpeakerBios/SpeakerBio.cfm?id=113">"Frederick Augustus Conrad Muhlenberg 1780–1783"</a>. <i>legis.state.pa.us</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 30,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=constitutioncenter.org&rft.atitle=Did+German+almost+become+America%27s+official+language+in+1795%3F&rft.date=2019-04-01&rft.aulast=Bomboy&rft.aufirst=Scott&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fconstitutioncenter.org%2Fblog%2Fapril-fools-german-as-americas-official-language&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrederick+Muhlenberg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="noprint"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/18px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/24px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span> </span>One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the <a href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a>: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChisholm1911" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Chisholm" title="Hugh Chisholm">Chisholm, Hugh</a>, ed. (1911). "<a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Muhlenberg,_John_Peter_Gabriel" class="extiw" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Muhlenberg, John Peter Gabriel">Muhlenberg, John Peter Gabriel</a>". <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i> (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Muhlenberg%2C+John+Peter+Gabriel&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.edition=11th&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1911&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrederick+Muhlenberg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-spiegel-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-spiegel_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-spiegel_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.spiegel.de/kultur/zwiebelfisch/0,1518,306711,00.html">Bastian Sick: <i>German as the official language of the USA?</i></a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPowell2023" class="citation web cs1">Powell, J. Mark (October 15, 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nwitimes.com/news/j-mark-powell/article_5afe7cb6-6703-11ee-859d-dfd177cee460.html">"Speaking of the Speaker ..."</a> <i>nwitimes.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 30,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=nwitimes.com&rft.atitle=Speaking+of+the+Speaker+...&rft.date=2023-10-15&rft.aulast=Powell&rft.aufirst=J.+Mark&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nwitimes.com%2Fnews%2Fj-mark-powell%2Farticle_5afe7cb6-6703-11ee-859d-dfd177cee460.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrederick+Muhlenberg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160725185553/http://www.speakershouse.org/history/">"Frederick Muhlenberg – The Speakers House"</a>. <i>The Speakers House</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.speakershouse.org/history/">the original</a> on July 25, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 11,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Speakers+House&rft.atitle=Frederick+Muhlenberg+%E2%80%93+The+Speakers+House&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.speakershouse.org%2Fhistory%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrederick+Muhlenberg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archives.upenn.edu/exhibits/penn-people/biography/frederick-augustus-conrad-muhlenberg/">"Frederick Augustus Conrad Muhlenberg 1750–1801"</a>. <i>archives.upenn.edu</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 30,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=archives.upenn.edu&rft.atitle=Frederick+Augustus+Conrad+Muhlenberg+1750%E2%80%931801&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchives.upenn.edu%2Fexhibits%2Fpenn-people%2Fbiography%2Ffrederick-augustus-conrad-muhlenberg%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrederick+Muhlenberg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frederick_Muhlenberg&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Frederick_Muhlenberg" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Frederick Muhlenberg">Frederick Muhlenberg</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:The New International Encyclopædia/Muhlenberg, Frederick Augustus Conrad"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/The_New_International_Encyclop%C3%A6dia/Muhlenberg,_Frederick_Augustus_Conrad">"Muhlenberg, Frederick Augustus Conrad" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/New_International_Encyclopedia" class="mw-redirect" title="New International Encyclopedia">New International Encyclopedia</a></i>. 1905.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Muhlenberg%2C+Frederick+Augustus+Conrad&rft.btitle=New+International+Encyclopedia&rft.date=1905&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrederick+Muhlenberg" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography/Muhlenberg, Henry Melchior"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Appletons%27_Cyclop%C3%A6dia_of_American_Biography/Muhlenberg,_Henry_Melchior">"Muhlenberg, Henry Melchior" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Appletons%27_Cyclop%C3%A6dia_of_American_Biography" title="Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography">Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography</a></i>. 1900.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Muhlenberg%2C+Henry+Melchior&rft.btitle=Appletons%27+Cyclop%C3%A6dia+of+American+Biography&rft.date=1900&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrederick+Muhlenberg" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRitchie2006" class="citation book cs1">Ritchie, Donald A. (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=WyEGeCwD63AC&q=frederick+muhlenberg&pg=PA146"><i>Muhlenberg, Frederick Augustus</i></a>. The Congress of the United States: A Student Companion. Oxford University Press. p. 146. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780195309249" title="Special:BookSources/9780195309249"><bdi>9780195309249</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Muhlenberg%2C+Frederick+Augustus&rft.series=The+Congress+of+the+United+States%3A+A+Student+Companion&rft.pages=146&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=9780195309249&rft.aulast=Ritchie&rft.aufirst=Donald+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DWyEGeCwD63AC%26q%3Dfrederick%2Bmuhlenberg%26pg%3DPA146&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrederick+Muhlenberg" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPeters1990" class="citation book cs1">Peters, Ronald M. Jr. (1990). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/americanspeakers00pete"><i>The American Speakership: The Office in Historical Perspective</i></a></span>. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780801839559" title="Special:BookSources/9780801839559"><bdi>9780801839559</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+American+Speakership%3A+The+Office+in+Historical+Perspective&rft.place=Baltimore%2C+MD&rft.pub=Johns+Hopkins+University+Press&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=9780801839559&rft.aulast=Peters&rft.aufirst=Ronald+M.+Jr.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Famericanspeakers00pete&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrederick+Muhlenberg" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJenkins,_Jeffery_A.Charles_Stewart,_III2012" class="citation book cs1">Jenkins, Jeffery A.; Charles Stewart, III (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=v0e4buNfOT4C&q=frederick+muhlenberg&pg=PA332"><i>Appendix 2: Election of House Speaker, First-112th Congresses</i></a>. Fighting for the Speakership: The House and the Rise of Party Government. Princeton University Press. p. 332. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0691156446" title="Special:BookSources/978-0691156446"><bdi>978-0691156446</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Appendix+2%3A+Election+of+House+Speaker%2C+First-112th+Congresses&rft.series=Fighting+for+the+Speakership%3A+The+House+and+the+Rise+of+Party+Government&rft.pages=332&rft.pub=Princeton+University+Press&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-0691156446&rft.au=Jenkins%2C+Jeffery+A.&rft.au=Charles+Stewart%2C+III&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dv0e4buNfOT4C%26q%3Dfrederick%2Bmuhlenberg%26pg%3DPA332&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrederick+Muhlenberg" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190520103822/http://www.speakershouse.org/restoration/">"speakershouse.org/restoration"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.speakershouse.org/restoration/">the original</a> on May 20, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 1,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=speakershouse.org%2Frestoration&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.speakershouse.org%2Frestoration%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrederick+Muhlenberg" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #FFBF00;">Party political offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Arthur_St._Clair" title="Arthur St. Clair">Arthur St. Clair</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Federalist_Party" title="Federalist Party">Federalist</a> nominee for <a href="/wiki/List_of_Governors_of_Pennsylvania" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Governors of Pennsylvania">Governor of Pennsylvania</a> </b><br /><a href="/wiki/1793_Pennsylvania_gubernatorial_election" title="1793 Pennsylvania gubernatorial election">1793</a>, <a href="/wiki/1796_Pennsylvania_gubernatorial_election" title="1796 Pennsylvania gubernatorial election">1796</a> </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/James_Ross_(Pennsylvania_politician)" title="James Ross (Pennsylvania politician)">James Ross</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #cccccc"><a href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="United States House of Representatives">U.S. House of Representatives</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b>New district</b> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> Member of the <a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_representatives_from_Pennsylvania" title="List of United States representatives from Pennsylvania">U.S. House of Representatives</a> <br />from <span data-sort-value="PennsylvaniaAL !"><a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania%27s_at-large_congressional_district" title="Pennsylvania's at-large congressional district">Pennsylvania's at-large congressional district</a></span> </b><br />March 4, 1789 – March 4, 1791 <br /> alongside: <a href="/wiki/George_Clymer" title="George Clymer">George Clymer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Fitzsimons" title="Thomas Fitzsimons">Thomas Fitzsimons</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Hartley" title="Thomas Hartley">Thomas Hartley</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Scott_(American_politician)" title="Thomas Scott (American politician)">Thomas Scott</a>, <a href="/wiki/Henry_Wynkoop" title="Henry Wynkoop">Henry Wynkoop</a>, <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Hiester" title="Daniel Hiester">Daniel Hiester</a> and <a href="/wiki/Peter_Muhlenberg" title="Peter Muhlenberg">Peter G. Muhlenberg</a> </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold">District eliminated<br />Redistricted to the <span data-sort-value="Pennsylvania02 !"><a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania%27s_2nd_congressional_district" title="Pennsylvania's 2nd congressional district">2nd district</a></span></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold">District created<br />Redistricted from the <span data-sort-value="PennsylvaniaAL !"><a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania%27s_at-large_congressional_district" title="Pennsylvania's at-large congressional district">at-large district</a></span></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> Member of the <a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_representatives_from_Pennsylvania" title="List of United States representatives from Pennsylvania">U.S. House of Representatives</a> <br />from <span data-sort-value="Pennsylvania02 !"><a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania%27s_2nd_congressional_district" title="Pennsylvania's 2nd congressional district">Pennsylvania's 2nd congressional district</a></span> </b><br />March 4, 1791 – March 4, 1793 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold">District eliminated<br />Redistricted to the <span data-sort-value="Pennsylvania02 !"><a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania%27s_2nd_congressional_district" title="Pennsylvania's 2nd congressional district">2nd district</a></span></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold">District created<br />Redistricted from the <span data-sort-value="PennsylvaniaAL !"><a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania%27s_at-large_congressional_district" title="Pennsylvania's at-large congressional district">at-large district</a></span></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> Member of the <a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_representatives_from_Pennsylvania" title="List of United States representatives from Pennsylvania">U.S. House of Representatives</a> <br />from <span data-sort-value="PennsylvaniaAL !"><a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania%27s_at-large_congressional_district" title="Pennsylvania's at-large congressional district">Pennsylvania's at-large congressional district</a></span> </b><br />March 4, 1793 – March 4, 1795<br /> alongside: <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Fitzsimons" title="Thomas Fitzsimons">Thomas Fitzsimons</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_W._Kittera" title="John W. Kittera">John W. Kittera</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Hartley" title="Thomas Hartley">Thomas Hartley</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Scott_(American_politician)" title="Thomas Scott (American politician)">Thomas Scott</a>, <a href="/wiki/James_Armstrong_(Pennsylvania)" class="mw-redirect" title="James Armstrong (Pennsylvania)">James Armstrong</a>, <a href="/wiki/Peter_Muhlenberg" title="Peter Muhlenberg">Peter G. Muhlenberg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Gregg" title="Andrew Gregg">Andrew Gregg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Hiester" title="Daniel Hiester">Daniel Hiester</a>, <a href="/wiki/William_Irvine_(physician)" class="mw-redirect" title="William Irvine (physician)">William Irvine</a>, <a href="/wiki/William_Findley" title="William Findley">William Findley</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Smilie" title="John Smilie">John Smilie</a>, and <a href="/wiki/William_Montgomery_(Pennsylvania_soldier)" title="William Montgomery (Pennsylvania soldier)">William Montgomery</a> </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold">District eliminated<br />Redistricted to the <span data-sort-value="Pennsylvania02 !"><a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania%27s_2nd_congressional_district" title="Pennsylvania's 2nd congressional district">2nd district</a></span></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold">District created<br />Redistricted from the <span data-sort-value="PennsylvaniaAL !"><a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania%27s_at-large_congressional_district" title="Pennsylvania's at-large congressional district">at-large district</a></span></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> Member of the <a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_representatives_from_Pennsylvania" title="List of United States representatives from Pennsylvania">U.S. House of Representatives</a> <br />from <span data-sort-value="Pennsylvania02 !"><a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania%27s_2nd_congressional_district" title="Pennsylvania's 2nd congressional district">Pennsylvania's 2nd congressional district</a></span> </b><br />March 4, 1795 – March 4, 1797 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Blair_McClenachan" title="Blair McClenachan">Blair McClenachan</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold">New position</div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Speaker_of_the_U.S._House_of_Representatives" class="mw-redirect" title="Speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives">Speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives</a> </b><br />April 1, 1789 – March 4, 1791 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Trumbull_Jr." title="Jonathan Trumbull Jr.">Jonathan Trumbull Jr.</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Trumbull_Jr." title="Jonathan Trumbull Jr.">Jonathan Trumbull Jr.</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Speaker_of_the_U.S._House_of_Representatives" class="mw-redirect" title="Speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives">Speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives</a> </b><br />December 2, 1793 – March 4, 1795 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Dayton" title="Jonathan Dayton">Jonathan Dayton</a></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul 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aria-labelledby="Federalist_Party" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Federalist_Party" title="Template:Federalist Party"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Federalist_Party" title="Template talk:Federalist Party"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Federalist_Party" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Federalist Party"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Federalist_Party" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Federalist_Party" title="Federalist Party">Federalist Party</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Federalist_Era" title="Federalist Era">Federalist Era</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/American_School_(economics)" title="American School (economics)">American School</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/First_Party_System" title="First Party System">First Party System</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_George_Washington" title="Presidency of George Washington">Presidency of George Washington</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_John_Adams" title="Presidency of John Adams">Presidency of John Adams</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Federalist_Party#Presidential_elections" title="Federalist Party">Presidential<br />tickets</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1796_United_States_presidential_election" title="1796 United States presidential election">1796</a>: <a href="/wiki/John_Adams" title="John Adams">Adams</a>/<a href="/wiki/Thomas_Pinckney" title="Thomas Pinckney">T. Pinckney</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1800_United_States_presidential_election" title="1800 United States presidential election">1800</a>: <a href="/wiki/John_Adams" title="John Adams">Adams</a>/<a href="/wiki/Charles_Cotesworth_Pinckney" title="Charles Cotesworth Pinckney">C. Pinckney</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1804_United_States_presidential_election" title="1804 United States presidential election">1804</a>: <a href="/wiki/Charles_Cotesworth_Pinckney" title="Charles Cotesworth Pinckney">C. Pinckney</a>/<a href="/wiki/Rufus_King" title="Rufus King">King</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1808_United_States_presidential_election" title="1808 United States presidential election">1808</a>: <a href="/wiki/Charles_Cotesworth_Pinckney" title="Charles Cotesworth Pinckney">C. Pinckney</a>/<a href="/wiki/Rufus_King" title="Rufus King">King</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1812_United_States_presidential_election" title="1812 United States presidential election">1812</a>: <a href="/wiki/DeWitt_Clinton" title="DeWitt Clinton">Clinton</a>/<a href="/wiki/Jared_Ingersoll" title="Jared Ingersoll">Ingersoll</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1816_United_States_presidential_election" title="1816 United States presidential election">1816</a>: <a href="/wiki/Rufus_King" title="Rufus King">King</a>/<a href="/wiki/John_Eager_Howard" title="John Eager Howard">Howard</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Speaker_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="Speaker of the United States House of Representatives">U.S. House<br />speakers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Frederick Muhlenberg</a> (1789–1791)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Trumbull_Jr." title="Jonathan Trumbull Jr.">Jonathan Trumbull Jr.</a> (1791–1793)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Dayton" title="Jonathan Dayton">Jonathan Dayton</a> (1795–1799)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Theodore_Sedgwick" title="Theodore Sedgwick">Theodore Sedgwick</a> (1799–1801)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_the_United_States" title="Cabinet of the United States">U.S. Cabinet</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_State" title="United States Secretary of State">State</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_Jay" title="John Jay">John Jay</a> (1789–1790)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Edmund_Randolph" title="Edmund Randolph">Edmund Randolph</a> (1794–1795)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Timothy_Pickering" title="Timothy Pickering">Timothy Pickering</a> (1795–1800)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Charles_Lee_(Attorney_General)" title="Charles Lee (Attorney General)">Charles Lee</a> (1800)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_Marshall" title="John Marshall">John Marshall</a> (1800–1801)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Richard_Rush" title="Richard Rush">Richard Rush</a> (1817)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_the_Treasury" title="United States Secretary of the Treasury">Treasury</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Hamilton" title="Alexander Hamilton">Alexander Hamilton</a> (1789–1795)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Oliver_Wolcott_Jr." title="Oliver Wolcott Jr.">Oliver Wolcott Jr.</a> (1795–1801)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Dexter" title="Samuel Dexter">Samuel Dexter</a> (1801)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_War" title="United States Secretary of War">War</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Henry_Knox" title="Henry Knox">Henry Knox</a> (1789–1795)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Timothy_Pickering" title="Timothy Pickering">Timothy Pickering</a> (1795)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/James_McHenry" title="James McHenry">James McHenry</a> (1796–1800)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Dexter" title="Samuel Dexter">Samuel Dexter</a> (1800–1801)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Attorney_General" title="United States Attorney General">Attorney General</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Edmund_Randolph" title="Edmund Randolph">Edmund Randolph</a> (1789–1794)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/William_Bradford_(Attorney_General)" title="William Bradford (Attorney General)">William Bradford</a> (1794–1795)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Charles_Lee_(Attorney_General)" title="Charles Lee (Attorney General)">Charles Lee</a> (1795–1801)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Richard_Rush" title="Richard Rush">Richard Rush</a> (1814–1817)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_the_Navy" title="United States Secretary of the Navy">Navy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Stoddert" title="Benjamin Stoddert">Benjamin Stoddert</a> (1798–1801)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Democratic-Republican_Party" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Democratic-Republican_Party" title="Template:Democratic-Republican Party"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Democratic-Republican_Party" title="Template talk:Democratic-Republican Party"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Democratic-Republican_Party" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Democratic-Republican Party"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Democratic-Republican_Party" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Democratic-Republican_Party" title="Democratic-Republican Party">Democratic-Republican Party</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Administration_party" title="Anti-Administration party">Anti-Administration Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Federalism" title="Anti-Federalism">Anti-Federalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Party_System" title="First Party System">First Party System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeffersonian_democracy" title="Jeffersonian democracy">Jeffersonian democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Era_of_Good_Feelings" title="Era of Good Feelings">Era of Good Feelings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Thomas_Jefferson" title="Presidency of Thomas Jefferson">Presidency of Thomas Jefferson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_James_Madison" title="Presidency of James Madison">Presidency of James Madison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_James_Monroe" title="Presidency of James Monroe">Presidency of James Monroe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tertium_quids" title="Tertium quids">Tertium quids</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Democratic-Republican_Party#Presidential_elections" title="Democratic-Republican Party">Presidential<br />tickets</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1796_United_States_presidential_election" title="1796 United States presidential election">1796</a>: <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Jefferson" title="Thomas Jefferson">Jefferson</a>/<a href="/wiki/Aaron_Burr" title="Aaron Burr">Burr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1800_United_States_presidential_election" title="1800 United States presidential election">1800</a>: <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Jefferson" title="Thomas Jefferson">Jefferson</a>/<a href="/wiki/Aaron_Burr" title="Aaron Burr">Burr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1804_United_States_presidential_election" title="1804 United States presidential election">1804</a>: <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Jefferson" title="Thomas Jefferson">Jefferson</a>/<a href="/wiki/George_Clinton_(vice_president)" title="George Clinton (vice president)">Clinton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1808_United_States_presidential_election" title="1808 United States presidential election">1808</a>: <a href="/wiki/James_Madison" title="James Madison">Madison</a>/<a href="/wiki/George_Clinton_(vice_president)" title="George Clinton (vice president)">Clinton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1812_United_States_presidential_election" title="1812 United States presidential election">1812</a>: <a href="/wiki/James_Madison" title="James Madison">Madison</a>/<a href="/wiki/Elbridge_Gerry" title="Elbridge Gerry">Gerry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1816_United_States_presidential_election" title="1816 United States presidential election">1816</a>: <a href="/wiki/James_Monroe" title="James Monroe">Monroe</a>/<a href="/wiki/Daniel_D._Tompkins" title="Daniel D. Tompkins">Tompkins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1820_United_States_presidential_election" title="1820 United States presidential election">1820</a>: <a href="/wiki/James_Monroe" title="James Monroe">Monroe</a>/<a href="/wiki/Daniel_D._Tompkins" title="Daniel D. Tompkins">Tompkins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1824_United_States_presidential_election" title="1824 United States presidential election">1824</a>: <a href="/wiki/John_Quincy_Adams" title="John Quincy Adams">Adams</a>/<a href="/wiki/John_C._Calhoun" title="John C. Calhoun">Calhoun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Jackson" title="Andrew Jackson">Jackson</a>/<a href="/wiki/John_C._Calhoun" title="John C. Calhoun">Calhoun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_H._Crawford" title="William H. Crawford">Crawford</a>/<a href="/wiki/Nathaniel_Macon" title="Nathaniel Macon">Macon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Clay" title="Henry Clay">Clay</a>/<a href="/wiki/Nathan_Sanford" title="Nathan Sanford">Sanford</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Speaker_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="Speaker of the United States House of Representatives">U.S. House<br />speakers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Frederick Muhlenberg</a> (1793–1795)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nathaniel_Macon" title="Nathaniel Macon">Nathaniel Macon</a> (1801–1807)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Bradley_Varnum" title="Joseph Bradley Varnum">Joseph Bradley Varnum</a> (1807–1811)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Clay" title="Henry Clay">Henry Clay</a> (1811–1814)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Langdon_Cheves" title="Langdon Cheves">Langdon Cheves</a> (1814–1815)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Clay" title="Henry Clay">Henry Clay</a> (1815–1820)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_W._Taylor_(politician)" title="John W. Taylor (politician)">John W. Taylor</a> (1820–1821)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_P._Barbour" title="Philip P. Barbour">Philip P. Barbour</a> (1821–1823)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Clay" title="Henry Clay">Henry Clay</a> (1823–1825)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_the_United_States" title="Cabinet of the United States">U.S. Cabinet</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_State" title="United States Secretary of State">State</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Jefferson" title="Thomas Jefferson">Thomas Jefferson</a> (1790–1794)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Levi_Lincoln_Sr." title="Levi Lincoln Sr.">Levi Lincoln Sr.</a> (1801)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Madison" title="James Madison">James Madison</a> (1801–1809)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Smith_(Cabinet_member)" class="mw-redirect" title="Robert Smith (Cabinet member)">Robert Smith</a> (1809–1811)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Monroe" title="James Monroe">James Monroe</a> (1811–1817)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Graham_(diplomat)" title="John Graham (diplomat)">John Graham</a> (1817)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Quincy_Adams" title="John Quincy Adams">John Quincy Adams</a> (1817–1825)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_the_Treasury" title="United States Secretary of the Treasury">Treasury</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Gallatin" title="Albert Gallatin">Albert Gallatin</a> (1801–1814)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_W._Campbell" title="George W. Campbell">George W. Campbell</a> (1814)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_J._Dallas_(statesman)" title="Alexander J. Dallas (statesman)">Alexander J. Dallas</a> (1814–1816)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Jones_(statesman)" title="William Jones (statesman)">William Jones</a> (1816)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_H._Crawford" title="William H. Crawford">William H. Crawford</a> (1816–1825)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_War" title="United States Secretary of War">War</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Dearborn" title="Henry Dearborn">Henry Dearborn</a> (1801–1809)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Eustis" title="William Eustis">William Eustis</a> (1809–1813)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Armstrong_Jr." title="John Armstrong Jr.">John Armstrong Jr.</a> (1813–1814)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Monroe" title="James Monroe">James Monroe</a> (1814–1815)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_J._Dallas_(statesman)" title="Alexander J. Dallas (statesman)">Alexander J. Dallas</a> (1815)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_H._Crawford" title="William H. Crawford">William H. Crawford</a> (1815–1816)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Graham_(soldier)" title="George Graham (soldier)">George Graham</a> (1816–1817)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_C._Calhoun" title="John C. Calhoun">John C. Calhoun</a> (1817–1825)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Attorney_General" title="United States Attorney General">Attorney General</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Levi_Lincoln_Sr." title="Levi Lincoln Sr.">Levi Lincoln Sr.</a> (1801–1805)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Breckinridge_(U.S._Attorney_General)" title="John Breckinridge (U.S. Attorney General)">John Breckinridge</a> (1805–1806)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caesar_Augustus_Rodney" title="Caesar Augustus Rodney">Caesar Augustus Rodney</a> (1807–1811)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Pinkney" title="William Pinkney">William Pinkney</a> (1811–1814)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Wirt_(Attorney_General)" class="mw-redirect" title="William Wirt (Attorney General)">William Wirt</a> (1817–1825)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_the_Navy" title="United States Secretary of the Navy">Navy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Smith_(Cabinet_member)" class="mw-redirect" title="Robert Smith (Cabinet member)">Robert Smith</a> (1801–1809)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Hamilton_(politician)" title="Paul Hamilton (politician)">Paul Hamilton</a> (1809–1813)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Jones_(statesman)" title="William Jones (statesman)">William Jones</a> (1813–1814)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Williams_Crowninshield" title="Benjamin Williams Crowninshield">Benjamin Williams Crowninshield</a> (1815–1818)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smith_Thompson" title="Smith Thompson">Smith Thompson</a> (1819–1823)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_L._Southard" title="Samuel L. Southard">Samuel L. Southard</a> (1823–1825)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Speakers_of_the_U.S._House_of_Representatives" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:US_House_speakers" title="Template:US House speakers"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:US_House_speakers" title="Template talk:US House speakers"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:US_House_speakers" title="Special:EditPage/Template:US House speakers"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Speakers_of_the_U.S._House_of_Representatives" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Speaker_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="Speaker of the United States House of Representatives">Speakers of the U.S. House of Representatives</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span style="color:#00cc22;">▌</span> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Muhlenberg</a> (1789–1791)</li> <li><span style="color:#00cc22;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Trumbull_Jr." title="Jonathan Trumbull Jr.">Trumbull</a> (1791–1793)</li> <li><span style="color:#CCFF66;">▌</span> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Muhlenberg</a> (1793–1795)</li> <li><span style="color:#EA9978;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Dayton" title="Jonathan Dayton">Dayton</a> (1795–1799)</li> <li><span style="color:#EA9978;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Theodore_Sedgwick" title="Theodore Sedgwick">Sedgwick</a> (1799–1801)</li> <li><span style="color:#008000;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Nathaniel_Macon" title="Nathaniel Macon">Macon</a> (1801–1807)</li> <li><span style="color:#008000;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Bradley_Varnum" title="Joseph Bradley Varnum">Varnum</a> (1807–1811)</li> <li><span style="color:#008000;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Henry_Clay" title="Henry Clay">Clay</a> (1811–1814)</li> <li><span style="color:#008000;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Langdon_Cheves" title="Langdon Cheves">Cheves</a> (1814–1815)</li> <li><span style="color:#008000;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Henry_Clay" title="Henry Clay">Clay</a> (1815–1820)</li> <li><span style="color:#008000;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/John_W._Taylor_(politician)" title="John W. Taylor (politician)">Taylor</a> (1820–1821)</li> <li><span style="color:#008000;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Philip_P._Barbour" title="Philip P. Barbour">Barbour</a> (1821–1823)</li> <li><span style="color:#008000;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Henry_Clay" title="Henry Clay">Clay</a> (1823–1825)</li> <li><span style="color:#FFE6B0;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/John_W._Taylor_(politician)" title="John W. Taylor (politician)">Taylor</a> (1825–1827)</li> <li><span style="color:#DDEEFF;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Stevenson" title="Andrew Stevenson">Stevenson</a> (1827–1834)</li> <li><span style="color:#DDEEFF;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/John_Bell_(Tennessee_politician)" title="John Bell (Tennessee politician)">Bell</a> (1834–1835)</li> <li><span style="color:#DDEEFF;">▌</span><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/James_K._Polk" title="James K. Polk">Polk</a> (1835–1839)</li> <li><span style="color:#F0C862;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Robert_M._T._Hunter" title="Robert M. T. Hunter">Hunter</a> (1839–1841)</li> <li><span style="color:#F0C862;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/John_White_(Kentucky_politician)" title="John White (Kentucky politician)">White</a> (1841–1843)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/John_Winston_Jones" title="John Winston Jones">Jones</a> (1843–1845)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/John_Wesley_Davis" title="John Wesley Davis">Davis</a> (1845–1847)</li> <li><span style="color:#F0C862;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Robert_Charles_Winthrop" class="mw-redirect" title="Robert Charles Winthrop">Winthrop</a> (1847–1849)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Howell_Cobb" title="Howell Cobb">Cobb</a> (1849–1851)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Linn_Boyd" title="Linn Boyd">Boyd</a> (1851–1855)</li> <li><span style="color:#D99FE8;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Nathaniel_P._Banks" title="Nathaniel P. Banks">Banks</a> (1856–1857)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/James_Lawrence_Orr" title="James Lawrence Orr">Orr</a> (1857–1859)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/William_Pennington" title="William Pennington">Pennington</a> (1860–1861)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Galusha_A._Grow" title="Galusha A. Grow">Grow</a> (1861–1863)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Schuyler_Colfax" title="Schuyler Colfax">Colfax</a> (1863–1869)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Theodore_M._Pomeroy" title="Theodore M. Pomeroy">Pomeroy</a> (1869)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/James_G._Blaine" title="James G. Blaine">Blaine</a> (1869–1875)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Michael_C._Kerr" title="Michael C. Kerr">Kerr</a> (1875–1876)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Samuel_J._Randall" title="Samuel J. Randall">Randall</a> (1876–1881)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/J._Warren_Keifer" title="J. Warren Keifer">Keifer</a> (1881–1883)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/John_G._Carlisle" title="John G. Carlisle">Carlisle</a> (1883–1889)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Brackett_Reed" title="Thomas Brackett Reed">Reed</a> (1889–1891)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Charles_Frederick_Crisp" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles Frederick Crisp">Crisp</a> (1891–1895)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Brackett_Reed" title="Thomas Brackett Reed">Reed</a> (1895–1899)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/David_B._Henderson" title="David B. Henderson">Henderson</a> (1899–1903)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Gurney_Cannon" title="Joseph Gurney Cannon">Cannon</a> (1903–1911)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Champ_Clark" title="Champ Clark">Clark</a> (1911–1919)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Frederick_H._Gillett" title="Frederick H. Gillett">Gillett</a> (1919–1925)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Longworth" title="Nicholas Longworth">Longworth</a> (1925–1931)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/John_Nance_Garner" title="John Nance Garner">Garner</a> (1931–1933)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Henry_Thomas_Rainey" class="mw-redirect" title="Henry Thomas Rainey">Rainey</a> (1933–1934)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Jo_Byrns" title="Jo Byrns">Byrns</a> (1935–1936)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/William_B._Bankhead" title="William B. Bankhead">Bankhead</a> (1936–1940)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Sam_Rayburn" title="Sam Rayburn">Rayburn</a> (1940–1947)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Joseph_W._Martin_Jr." title="Joseph W. Martin Jr.">Martin</a> (1947–1949)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Sam_Rayburn" title="Sam Rayburn">Rayburn</a> (1949–1953)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Joseph_W._Martin_Jr." title="Joseph W. Martin Jr.">Martin</a> (1953–1955)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Sam_Rayburn" title="Sam Rayburn">Rayburn</a> (1955–1961)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/John_W._McCormack" title="John W. McCormack">McCormack</a> (1962–1971)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Carl_Albert" title="Carl Albert">Albert</a> (1971–1977)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Tip_O%27Neill" title="Tip O'Neill">O'Neill</a> (1977–1987)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Jim_Wright" title="Jim Wright">Wright</a> (1987–1989)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Tom_Foley" title="Tom Foley">Foley</a> (1989–1995)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Newt_Gingrich" title="Newt Gingrich">Gingrich</a> (1995–1999)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Dennis_Hastert" title="Dennis Hastert">Hastert</a> (1999–2007)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Nancy_Pelosi" title="Nancy Pelosi">Pelosi</a> (2007–2011)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/John_Boehner" title="John Boehner">Boehner</a> (2011–2015)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Paul_Ryan" title="Paul Ryan">Ryan</a> (2015–2019)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Nancy_Pelosi" title="Nancy Pelosi">Pelosi</a> (2019–2023)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Kevin_McCarthy" title="Kevin McCarthy">McCarthy</a> (2023)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span> <i><a href="/wiki/Patrick_McHenry" title="Patrick McHenry">McHenry</a></i> (2023, <i>pro tempore</i>)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Mike_Johnson" title="Mike Johnson">Johnson</a> (2023–present)</li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Seal_of_the_Speaker_of_the_US_House_of_Representatives.svg/80px-Seal_of_the_Speaker_of_the_US_House_of_Representatives.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Seal_of_the_Speaker_of_the_US_House_of_Representatives.svg/120px-Seal_of_the_Speaker_of_the_US_House_of_Representatives.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Seal_of_the_Speaker_of_the_US_House_of_Representatives.svg/160px-Seal_of_the_Speaker_of_the_US_House_of_Representatives.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="504" data-file-height="501" /></span></span></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="3" style="font-weight:bold;"><div> <ul><li><span style="color:#00cc22;">▌</span> Pro-Administration</li> <li><span style="color:#CCFF66;">▌</span> Anti-Administration</li> <li><span style="color:#EA9978;">▌</span> Federalist</li> <li><span style="color:#008000;">▌</span> Democratic-Republican</li> <li><span style="color:#FFE6B0;">▌</span> National Republican</li> <li><span style="color:#DDEEFF;">▌</span> Jacksonian</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span> Democratic</li> <li><span style="color:#F0C862;">▌</span> Whig</li> <li><span style="color:#D99FE8;">▌</span> Know Nothing</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span> Republican</li></ul> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Speakers_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="Category:Speakers of the United States House of Representatives">Category</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="List-Class article"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/16px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/23px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/31px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/List_of_speakers_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="List of speakers of the United States House of Representatives">List</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Deans_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:US_House_deans" title="Template:US House deans"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:US_House_deans" title="Template talk:US House deans"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:US_House_deans" title="Special:EditPage/Template:US House deans"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Deans_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a 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href="/wiki/Thomas_Newton_Jr." title="Thomas Newton Jr.">Newton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_McCoy_(congressman)" title="William McCoy (congressman)">McCoy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lewis_Williams_(politician)" title="Lewis Williams (politician)">Williams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horace_Everett" title="Horace Everett">Everett</a>/<a href="/wiki/Dixon_Hall_Lewis" class="mw-redirect" title="Dixon Hall Lewis">Lewis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Quincy_Adams" title="John Quincy Adams">Adams</a>/<a href="/wiki/James_Iver_McKay" class="mw-redirect" title="James Iver McKay">McKay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linn_Boyd" title="Linn Boyd">Boyd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joshua_Reed_Giddings" title="Joshua Reed Giddings">Giddings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_S._Phelps" title="John S. Phelps">Phelps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elihu_B._Washburne" title="Elihu B. Washburne">Washburne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_L._Dawes" title="Henry L. Dawes">Dawes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_D._Kelley" title="William D. Kelley">Kelley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_J._Randall" title="Samuel J. Randall">Randall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Gurney_Cannon" title="Joseph Gurney Cannon">Cannon</a>/<a href="/wiki/Roger_Q._Mills" title="Roger Q. Mills">Mills</a>/<a href="/wiki/James_Henderson_Blount" title="James Henderson Blount">Blount</a>/<a href="/wiki/Richard_P._Bland" title="Richard P. Bland">Bland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_B._Culberson" title="David B. Culberson">Culberson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Brackett_Reed" title="Thomas Brackett Reed">Reed</a>/<a href="/wiki/Alfred_C._Harmer" title="Alfred C. Harmer">Harmer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_H._Bingham" title="Henry H. Bingham">Bingham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Dalzell" title="John Dalzell">Dalzell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sereno_E._Payne" title="Sereno E. Payne">Payne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Atkinson_Jones" title="William Atkinson Jones">Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Allen_Cooper" title="Henry Allen Cooper">Cooper</a>/<a href="/wiki/Frederick_H._Gillett" title="Frederick H. Gillett">Gillett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_S._Butler" title="Thomas S. Butler">Butler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilbert_N._Haugen" title="Gilbert N. Haugen">Haugen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_W._Pou" title="Edward W. Pou">Pou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adolph_J._Sabath" title="Adolph J. Sabath">Sabath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_L._Doughton" title="Robert L. Doughton">Doughton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sam_Rayburn" title="Sam Rayburn">Rayburn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl_Vinson" title="Carl Vinson">Vinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emanuel_Celler" title="Emanuel Celler">Celler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wright_Patman" title="Wright Patman">Patman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_H._Mahon" title="George H. Mahon">Mahon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamie_Whitten" title="Jamie Whitten">Whitten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Dingell" title="John Dingell">Dingell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Conyers" title="John Conyers">Conyers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Don_Young" title="Don Young">Young</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hal_Rogers" title="Hal Rogers">Rogers</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Seal_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Seal of the United States House of Representatives"><img alt="Seal of the United States House of Representatives" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Seal_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives.svg/80px-Seal_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Seal_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives.svg/120px-Seal_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Seal_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives.svg/160px-Seal_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1030" data-file-height="1030" /></a></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Speakers_of_the_unicameral_Pennsylvania_General_Assembly_(1776–1790)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link 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unicameral <a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania_General_Assembly" title="Pennsylvania General Assembly">Pennsylvania General Assembly</a> (1776–1790)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Jacobs_(Pennsylvania)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Jacobs (Pennsylvania) (page does not exist)">John Jacobs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Bayard" title="John Bayard">John Bayard</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Frederick Muhlenberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Gray_(Pennsylvania_politician)" title="George Gray (Pennsylvania politician)">George Gray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Bayard" title="John Bayard">John Bayard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Mifflin" title="Thomas Mifflin">Thomas Mifflin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerardus_Wynkoop_II" title="Gerardus Wynkoop II">Gerardus Wynkoop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Peters_(Continental_Congress)" title="Richard Peters (Continental Congress)">Richard Peters</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Pennsylvania.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Pennsylvania State Flag"><img alt="Pennsylvania State Flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Flag_of_Pennsylvania.svg/75px-Flag_of_Pennsylvania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="55" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Flag_of_Pennsylvania.svg/113px-Flag_of_Pennsylvania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Flag_of_Pennsylvania.svg/150px-Flag_of_Pennsylvania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="740" data-file-height="540" /></a></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" 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href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000055567646">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/31844124">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/263314/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJx8HqprHBRYPbCFQTQQbd">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/13765720X">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/nr90000499">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external 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