Bringing Systematic Thinking of Landscape Justice Into Global Design Practice

<!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge,chrome=1">  <meta http-equiv="Content-Security-Policy" content="upgrade-insecure-requests" /> <title>Bringing Systematic Thinking of Landscape Justice Into Global Design Practice</title>  <meta name="citation_pdf_url" content="https://journal.hep.com.cn/laf/EN/PDF/10.15302/J-LAF-1-020101" />  <link href="/develop/static/js/bootstrap/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/develop/static/css/css.css"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/develop/static/js/jqpagination/jqpagination.css" /> <script src="/develop/static/js/jquery/jquery.min.js"></script> <script src="/develop/static/js/bootstrap/js/bootstrap.min.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/develop/static/js/jquery/jquery.qrcode.min.js"></script> <script src="/develop/static/js/common/common_en.js?20240726"></script> <script language="javascript" src="/js/store.js"></script> <script language="javascript" src="/develop/static/js/common/component_en.js"></script> <script language="javascript" src="/develop/static/js/common/download_en.js"></script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/develop/static/js/bootstrap/css/font-awesome.min.css"> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge,Chrome=1" /> <meta name="DOI" content="10.15302/J-LAF-1-020101"/> <meta name="description" content="<p>Design increasingly plays a pivotal role in achieving justice for all. However, there are often gaps between visions and implementation due to the variety of factors and stakeholders involved in design practice. Through literature review and a keyword co-occurrence analysis, this paper investigates current landscape justice research and identifies the distinguishing concerns in design, and highlights the importance of systematic thinking in achieving landscape justice. By examining the practices of the British company Building Design Partnership (BDP), a multinational design company, this paper identifies BDP’s three key design principles as experiences can be followed for landscape justice: design for inclusion, design for resilience, and design for future ecosystems. The paper also addresses potential challenges and conflicts in implementing landscape justice across different contexts and highlights multinational design companies’ efforts to mediate between various stakeholders. Finally, this paper demonstrates that design companies can contribute to 1) bridging social and environmental justice through landscape design, 2) achieving the visions promoted by scholars, 3) identifying and deploying diverse approaches to achieving landscape justice with their sensitivity to practical problems, and 4) fostering integrated feedback loops via both top-down and bottom-up approaches to ensure effective implementation of landscape justice.</p> <p> <list> <listitem> <itemcontent> </itemcontent></listitem></list></p><p>● Investigates current landscape justice research and identifies the gap between theories and design practice through a keyword co-occurrence analysis</p> <listitem> <itemcontent> <p>● Identifies BDP’s essential design principles for achieving landscape justice as experiences can be followed</p> </itemcontent> </listitem> <listitem> <itemcontent> <p>● Highlights the pivotal role of multinational design companies in effectively communicating with stakeholders and integrating justice in design across diverse contexts</p> </itemcontent> </listitem> <p></p>"/> <meta name="keywords" content="Landscape Justice, Systematic Thinking, Justice-oriented Design Principles, Inclusion, Resilient Landscapes, Ecosystems"/> <link rel="canonical" href="https://journal.hep.com.cn/laf/EN/10.15302/J-LAF-1-020101"/> <link rel="shortcut icon" href="https://journal.hep.com.cn/favicon.ico" /> <meta name="robots" content="index"/>  <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1,maximum-scale=10, user-scalable=0"/> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"/>  <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image" /> <meta name="twitter:description" content="<p>Design increasingly plays a pivotal role in achieving justice for all. However, there are often gaps between visions and implementation due to the variety of factors and stakeholders involved in design practice. Through literature review and a keyword co-occurrence analysis, this paper investigates current landscape justice research and identifies the distinguishing concerns in design, and highlights the importance of systematic thinking in achieving landscape justice. By examining the practices of the British company Building Design Partnership (BDP), a multinational design company, this paper identifies BDP’s three key design principles as experiences can be followed for landscape justice: design for inclusion, design for resilience, and design for future ecosystems. The paper also addresses potential challenges and conflicts in implementing landscape justice across different contexts and highlights multinational design companies’ efforts to mediate between various stakeholders. Finally, this paper demonstrates that design companies can contribute to 1) bridging social and environmental justice through landscape design, 2) achieving the visions promoted by scholars, 3) identifying and deploying diverse approaches to achieving landscape justice with their sensitivity to practical problems, and 4) fostering integrated feedback loops via both top-down and bottom-up approaches to ensure effective implementation of landscape justice.</p> <p> <list> <listitem> <itemcontent> </itemcontent></listitem></list></p><p>● Investigates current landscape justice research and identifies the gap between theories and design practice through a keyword co-occurrence analysis</p> <listitem> <itemcontent> <p>● Identifies BDP’s essential design principles for achieving landscape justice as experiences can be followed</p> </itemcontent> </listitem> <listitem> <itemcontent> <p>● Highlights the pivotal role of multinational design companies in effectively communicating with stakeholders and integrating justice in design across diverse contexts</p> </itemcontent> </listitem> <p></p>" /> <meta name="twitter:image" content="https://academic.hep.com.cn//fileup/2096-336X/PIC/20240911142055.png" /> <meta name="twitter:title" content="Bringing Systematic Thinking of Landscape Justice Into Global Design Practice" />  <meta name="dc.title" content="Bringing Systematic Thinking of Landscape Justice Into Global Design Practice"/> <meta name="dc.source" content="Landscape Architecture Frontiers"/> <meta name="dc.format" content="text/html"/> <meta name="dc.publisher" content="Higher Education Press"/> <meta name="dc.date" content="2024-08-15"/> <meta name="dc.type" content="Research article"/> <meta name="dc.language" content="En"/> <meta name="dc.copyright" content="Higher Education Press"/> <meta name="dc.description" content="<p>Design increasingly plays a pivotal role in achieving justice for all. However, there are often gaps between visions and implementation due to the variety of factors and stakeholders involved in design practice. Through literature review and a keyword co-occurrence analysis, this paper investigates current landscape justice research and identifies the distinguishing concerns in design, and highlights the importance of systematic thinking in achieving landscape justice. By examining the practices of the British company Building Design Partnership (BDP), a multinational design company, this paper identifies BDP’s three key design principles as experiences can be followed for landscape justice: design for inclusion, design for resilience, and design for future ecosystems. The paper also addresses potential challenges and conflicts in implementing landscape justice across different contexts and highlights multinational design companies’ efforts to mediate between various stakeholders. Finally, this paper demonstrates that design companies can contribute to 1) bridging social and environmental justice through landscape design, 2) achieving the visions promoted by scholars, 3) identifying and deploying diverse approaches to achieving landscape justice with their sensitivity to practical problems, and 4) fostering integrated feedback loops via both top-down and bottom-up approaches to ensure effective implementation of landscape justice.</p> <p> <list> <listitem> <itemcontent> </itemcontent></listitem></list></p><p>● Investigates current landscape justice research and identifies the gap between theories and design practice through a keyword co-occurrence analysis</p> <listitem> <itemcontent> <p>● Identifies BDP’s essential design principles for achieving landscape justice as experiences can be followed</p> </itemcontent> </listitem> <listitem> <itemcontent> <p>● Highlights the pivotal role of multinational design companies in effectively communicating with stakeholders and integrating justice in design across diverse contexts</p> </itemcontent> </listitem> <p></p>"/> <meta name="dc.identifier" content="doi:10.15302/J-LAF-1-020101"/> <meta name="dc.relation.ispartof" content="Landscape Architecture Frontiers"/> <meta name="dc.citation.volume" content="12"/> <meta name="dc.citation.issue" content="4"/> <meta name="dc.citation.spage" content="78"/> <meta name="dc.citation.epage" content="92"/>  <meta name="dc.creator" content="Kaiyi ZHU"/> <meta name="dc.creator" content="Tianyi GU"/>  <meta name="dc.subject" content="Landscape Justice"/> <meta name="dc.subject" content="Systematic Thinking"/> <meta name="dc.subject" content="Justice-oriented Design Principles"/> <meta name="dc.subject" content="Inclusion"/> <meta name="dc.subject" content="Resilient Landscapes"/> <meta name="dc.subject" content="Ecosystems"/> <meta name="prism.issn" content="2096-336X"/> <meta name="prism.publicationName" content="Landscape Architecture Frontiers"/> <meta name="prism.publicationDate" content="2024-08-15"/> <meta name="prism.section" content="Research article"/> <meta name="prism.volume" content="12"> <meta name="prism.number" content="4"> <meta name="prism.section" content=""> <meta name="prism.startingPage" content="78"/> <meta name="prism.endingPage" content="92"/> <meta name="prism.copyright" content="2024 Higher Education Press"/> <meta name="prism.url" content="https://journal.hep.com.cn/laf/EN/10.15302/J-LAF-1-020101"/> <meta name="prism.doi" content="doi:10.15302/J-LAF-1-020101"/>  <meta name="citation_fulltext_html_url" content="https://journal.hep.com.cn/laf/EN/10.15302/J-LAF-1-020101"/> <meta name="citation_journal_title" content="Landscape Architecture Frontiers"/> <meta name="citation_journal_abbrev" content="Landsc. Archit. Front."/> <meta name="citation_publisher" content="Higher Education Press"/> <meta name="citation_issn" content="2096-336X"/> <meta name="citation_title" content="Bringing Systematic Thinking of Landscape Justice Into Global Design Practice"/> <meta name="citation_online_date" content="2024-08-15"/> <meta name="citation_firstpage" content="78"/> <meta name="citation_lastpage" content="92"/> <meta name="citation_article_type" content="Research-article"/> <meta name="citation_language" content="en"/> <meta name="citation_doi" content="10.15302/J-LAF-1-020101"/> <meta name="citation_abstract" content="<p>Design increasingly plays a pivotal role in achieving justice for all. However, there are often gaps between visions and implementation due to the variety of factors and stakeholders involved in design practice. Through literature review and a keyword co-occurrence analysis, this paper investigates current landscape justice research and identifies the distinguishing concerns in design, and highlights the importance of systematic thinking in achieving landscape justice. By examining the practices of the British company Building Design Partnership (BDP), a multinational design company, this paper identifies BDP’s three key design principles as experiences can be followed for landscape justice: design for inclusion, design for resilience, and design for future ecosystems. The paper also addresses potential challenges and conflicts in implementing landscape justice across different contexts and highlights multinational design companies’ efforts to mediate between various stakeholders. Finally, this paper demonstrates that design companies can contribute to 1) bridging social and environmental justice through landscape design, 2) achieving the visions promoted by scholars, 3) identifying and deploying diverse approaches to achieving landscape justice with their sensitivity to practical problems, and 4) fostering integrated feedback loops via both top-down and bottom-up approaches to ensure effective implementation of landscape justice.</p> <p> <list> <listitem> <itemcontent> </itemcontent></listitem></list></p><p>● Investigates current landscape justice research and identifies the gap between theories and design practice through a keyword co-occurrence analysis</p> <listitem> <itemcontent> <p>● Identifies BDP’s essential design principles for achieving landscape justice as experiences can be followed</p> </itemcontent> </listitem> <listitem> <itemcontent> <p>● Highlights the pivotal role of multinational design companies in effectively communicating with stakeholders and integrating justice in design across diverse contexts</p> </itemcontent> </listitem> <p></p>"/> <meta name="citation_keywords" content="Landscape Justice"/> <meta name="citation_keywords" content="Systematic Thinking"/> <meta name="citation_keywords" content="Justice-oriented Design Principles"/> <meta name="citation_keywords" content="Inclusion"/> <meta name="citation_keywords" content="Resilient Landscapes"/> <meta name="citation_keywords" content="Ecosystems"/> <meta name="citation_volume" content="12" /> <meta name="citation_issue" content="4" /> <meta name="citation_publication_date" content="2024/08/15"/> <meta name="citation_date" content="2024/08/15"/>  <meta name="citation_author" content="Kaiyi ZHU"/> <meta name="citation_author_institution" content="<sup>1</sup>. Faculty of Architecture and the Built Environment, Delft University of Technology, Delft 2628 BL, The Netherlands"/> <meta name="citation_author" content="Tianyi GU"/> <meta name="citation_author_institution" content="<sup>2</sup>. Building Design Partnership (Shanghai), Shanghai 200020, China"/> <meta name="citation_abstract_html_url" content="https://journal.hep.com.cn/laf/EN/10.15302/J-LAF-1-020101" />  <meta property="og:url" content="https://journal.hep.com.cn/laf/EN/10.15302/J-LAF-1-020101"/> <meta property="og:type" content="Article"/> <meta property="og:site_name" content="Landscape Architecture Frontiers"/> <meta property="og:title" content="Bringing Systematic Thinking of Landscape Justice Into Global Design Practice"/> <meta property="og:description" content="<p>Design increasingly plays a pivotal role in achieving justice for all. However, there are often gaps between visions and implementation due to the variety of factors and stakeholders involved in design practice. Through literature review and a keyword co-occurrence analysis, this paper investigates current landscape justice research and identifies the distinguishing concerns in design, and highlights the importance of systematic thinking in achieving landscape justice. By examining the practices of the British company Building Design Partnership (BDP), a multinational design company, this paper identifies BDP’s three key design principles as experiences can be followed for landscape justice: design for inclusion, design for resilience, and design for future ecosystems. The paper also addresses potential challenges and conflicts in implementing landscape justice across different contexts and highlights multinational design companies’ efforts to mediate between various stakeholders. Finally, this paper demonstrates that design companies can contribute to 1) bridging social and environmental justice through landscape design, 2) achieving the visions promoted by scholars, 3) identifying and deploying diverse approaches to achieving landscape justice with their sensitivity to practical problems, and 4) fostering integrated feedback loops via both top-down and bottom-up approaches to ensure effective implementation of landscape justice.</p> <p> <list> <listitem> <itemcontent> </itemcontent></listitem></list></p><p>● Investigates current landscape justice research and identifies the gap between theories and design practice through a keyword co-occurrence analysis</p> <listitem> <itemcontent> <p>● Identifies BDP’s essential design principles for achieving landscape justice as experiences can be followed</p> </itemcontent> </listitem> <listitem> <itemcontent> <p>● Highlights the pivotal role of multinational design companies in effectively communicating with stakeholders and integrating justice in design across diverse contexts</p> </itemcontent> </listitem> <p></p>"/>  <meta name="article_references" content="Kaiyi ZHU, Tianyi GU. Bringing Systematic Thinking of Landscape Justice Into Global Design Practice. Landsc. Archit. Front.. 2024, 12 (4): 78-92. https://doi.org/10.15302/J-LAF-1-020101" /> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/custom/jsp/EN/article/showArticle_jsp/showArticle_en.css" /> <script type="text/javascript" src="/develop/static/js/jquery/jquery.nicescroll.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/develop/static/js/jquery/jquery.webui-popover.js"></script> <script src="/develop/static/js/mag-vue/mag-vue.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/develop/jsp/EN/article/showArticle_jsp/showArticle_en.js"></script> <script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/remarkable/2.0.1/remarkable.js" async></script> <style> template{ display:none; } .shading_gray2{ background-color:#CCCCCC; } .shading_black{ background-color:#808080; } .circle-border { background-color: #CCCCCC; /* 可选，如果想要看到背景 */ border: 2px solid #fff; /* 边框宽度和颜色 */ border-radius: 50%; /* 将四个角设置为50%，形成圆形 */ padding:3px 8px; } </style> <style type="text/css"> .ai_print{ width: 8px; height: 17px; background: #000; display: inline-block; opacity: 0; animation: ai_toggle 0.6s infinite; } @keyframes ai_toggle { 30% { opacity: 1; } } </style> <script type="text/javascript"> $(document).ready(function(){ var metaData = {"journal":{"simpleNameCn":"Landscape Architecture Frontiers","issn":"2096-336X","nameCn":"Landscape Architecture Frontiers","nameEn":"Landscape Architecture Frontiers","simpleNameEn":"Landsc. 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Front.</a> <span class="main_content_top_div_span">››</span> <a href="https://journal.hep.com.cn/laf/EN/article/showTenYearVolumnDetail.do?nian=2024" class="main_content_top_div_a">2024, Vol. 12</a> <span class="main_content_top_div_span">››</span> <a href="https://journal.hep.com.cn/laf/EN/Y2024/V12/I4" class="main_content_top_div_a">Issue (4)</a> <span class="main_content_top_div_span">: 78-92.</span> <span class="main_content_top_div_span">DOI:</span> <a href="https://doi.org/10.15302/J-LAF-1-020101" class="main_content_top_div_a">10.15302/J-LAF-1-020101</a> </div> <div class="main_type"> <span id="showArticle_subject_top"></span> PAPERS </div> <p class="main_content_top_title">Bringing Systematic Thinking of Landscape Justice Into Global Design Practice</p> <div class="main_content_top_btn"> <ul class="main_content_top_btn_ul"> <li> <a href="javascript:;" onclick="richClickAuthor('Kaiyi ZHU')">Kaiyi ZHU</a><sup>1</sup><sup><a href="mailto:k.zhu-1@tudelft.nl"> <i class="glyphicon glyphicon-envelope main_content_top_btn_ul_i"></i></a></sup> <span>, </span> </li> <li> <a href="javascript:;" onclick="richClickAuthor('Tianyi GU')">Tianyi GU</a><sup>2</sup> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="Author_contribution"> <b>Author information</b> <span class="Author_contribution_i" onclick="slide_up(this)">+</span> </div> <div class="Author_contribution_content" style="display: none;"> <div style="margin-bottom:10px;"><sup>1</sup>. Faculty of Architecture and the Built Environment, Delft University of Technology, Delft 2628 BL, The Netherlands</div> <div style="margin-bottom:10px;"><sup>2</sup>. Building Design Partnership (Shanghai), Shanghai 200020, China</div> <div style="margin-bottom:10px;">k.zhu-1@tudelft.nl</div> <div class="Put_it_away" onclick="Author_details_put_away(this)"> Show less </div> </div> <div class="Author_contribution"> <b>History</b> <span class="Author_contribution_i" onclick="slide_up(this)">+</span> </div> <div class="Author_contribution_content" style="display: none;padding: 0px;background: none;"> <table class="new_full_Article_history" style="width: 60%;"> <thead> <tr> <th>Received</th> <th>Accepted</th> <th>Published</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td>23 Feb 2024</td> <td>29 Jul 2024</td> <td>15 Aug 2024</td> </tr> <tr> <th>Issue Date</th> <th colspan="2"> </th> </tr> <tr> <td>30 Aug 2024</td> <td colspan="2"> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> </div> <div class="main_content_center_left_one_title yijibiaotidkk"> <h3 class="cas_nav_daohang"><b>Abstract</b></h3> <i class="glyphicon glyphicon-minus main_content_center_left_one_title_i" onclick="zhaiyaozhan(this)"></i> </div> <div class="zhaiyaojs"> <div style="margin-bottom:10px;" class="main_content_center_left_zhengwen"> <p>Design increasingly plays a pivotal role in achieving justice for all. However, there are often gaps between visions and implementation due to the variety of factors and stakeholders involved in design practice. Through literature review and a keyword co-occurrence analysis, this paper investigates current landscape justice research and identifies the distinguishing concerns in design, and highlights the importance of systematic thinking in achieving landscape justice. By examining the practices of the British company Building Design Partnership (BDP), a multinational design company, this paper identifies BDP’s three key design principles as experiences can be followed for landscape justice: design for inclusion, design for resilience, and design for future ecosystems. The paper also addresses potential challenges and conflicts in implementing landscape justice across different contexts and highlights multinational design companies’ efforts to mediate between various stakeholders. Finally, this paper demonstrates that design companies can contribute to 1) bridging social and environmental justice through landscape design, 2) achieving the visions promoted by scholars, 3) identifying and deploying diverse approaches to achieving landscape justice with their sensitivity to practical problems, and 4) fostering integrated feedback loops via both top-down and bottom-up approaches to ensure effective implementation of landscape justice.</p> <p> <list> <listitem> <itemcontent> </itemcontent></listitem></list></p><p>● Investigates current landscape justice research and identifies the gap between theories and design practice through a keyword co-occurrence analysis</p> <listitem> <itemcontent> <p>● Identifies BDP’s essential design principles for achieving landscape justice as experiences can be followed</p> </itemcontent> </listitem> <listitem> <itemcontent> <p>● Highlights the pivotal role of multinational design companies in effectively communicating with stakeholders and integrating justice in design across diverse contexts</p> </itemcontent> </listitem> <p></p> </div> </div> <div class="main_content_center_left_one_title yijibiaotidkk" style="border-bottom:none; padding-bottom:0px;margin-top:15px;"> <h3 class="cas_nav_daohang"><b>Graphical abstract</b></h3> </div> <div class="zhaiyaojs"> <div class="main_content_center_left_abstract"> <img src="https://academic.hep.com.cn//fileup/2096-336X/PIC/20240911142055.png" class="main_content_center_left_abstract_img" onclick="showimg1(this)"> </div> </div> <div class="main_content_center_left_one_title yijibiaotidkk" style="border-bottom:none; padding-bottom:0px;margin-top:15px;"> <h3 class="cas_nav_daohang"><b>Keywords</b></h3> </div> <p class="main_content_center_left_zhengwen" style="margin-top:5px;margin-bottom:15px;"> <a href="javascript:;" onclick="richClickKeyword('Landscape Justice')">Landscape Justice</a> <span class="main_content_center_left_zhengwen_pie">/</span> <a href="javascript:;" onclick="richClickKeyword('Systematic Thinking')">Systematic Thinking</a> <span class="main_content_center_left_zhengwen_pie">/</span> <a href="javascript:;" onclick="richClickKeyword('Justice-oriented Design Principles')">Justice-oriented Design Principles</a> <span class="main_content_center_left_zhengwen_pie">/</span> <a href="javascript:;" onclick="richClickKeyword('Inclusion')">Inclusion</a> <span class="main_content_center_left_zhengwen_pie">/</span> <a href="javascript:;" onclick="richClickKeyword('Resilient Landscapes')">Resilient Landscapes</a> <span class="main_content_center_left_zhengwen_pie">/</span> <a href="javascript:;" onclick="richClickKeyword('Ecosystems')">Ecosystems</a> </p> <div class="main_content_center_left_one_title yijibiaotidkk"> <h3 class="cas_nav_daohang"><b>Cite this article</b></h3> <div class="daochu_div"> <p> <a href="https://journal.hep.com.cn/laf/EN/article/getTxtFile.do?fileType=EndNote&id=47821">EndNote</a> </p> <p> <a href="https://journal.hep.com.cn/laf/EN/article/getTxtFile.do?fileType=Ris&id=47821">Ris (Procite)</a> </p> <p> <a href="https://journal.hep.com.cn/laf/EN/article/getTxtFile.do?fileType=BibTeX&id=47821">Bibtex</a> </p> </div> <div class="main_content_center_left_one_title_div" onclick="daochu_div(this,event)"> <span class="main_content_center_left_one_title_div_two">Download citation ▾</span> </div> </div> <div class="main_content_center_left_yinyong"> <div class="main_content_center_left_yinyong_bao"> <div class="main_content_center_left_yinyong_div"> <div> Kaiyi ZHU<span>, </span> Tianyi GU<span>. </span> Bringing Systematic Thinking of Landscape Justice Into Global Design Practice. <i>Landsc. Archit. Front.</i>, 2024, 12(4): 78‒92 https://doi.org/10.15302/J-LAF-1-020101 </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="main_content_center_left_caozuo"> <span mag-component-type="previousArticle" mag-articleId="47821"></span> <span mag-component-type="nextArticle" mag-articleId="47821"></span> </div> <div class="main_content_center_left_zhengwen_bao">  <div id="bodyVue" m-workspace m-if="{{article}} && {{article.body}} && {{article.body.secL.length}}>0" class="main_content_center_left_zhengwen_bao_zw"> <template id="template_secL" m-for-array="{{article.body.secL}}" m-for-val="custom_sec"> <div m-if="{{custom_sec.type}}=='sec' && {{custom_sec.level}}==1" class="main_content_center_left_one_title zhengwem_title yijibiaotidkk"> <h3 class="cas_nav_daohang mag_rich_body_title" level="{{custom_sec.level}}"><b><span class="body_sec_number"></span><span class="body_sec_title">{{custom_sec.title}}</span></b></h3> </div> <div m-if="{{custom_sec.type}}=='sec' && {{custom_sec.level}}>=2" class="main_content_center_left_zhengwen_bao_erji_title main_content_center_left_one_title" style="font-size: 16px;"> <h4 class="cas_nav_daohang mag_rich_body_title" level="{{custom_sec.level}}" style="font-size: 16px;" id="8"><b><span class="body_sec_number"></span><span class="body_sec_title">{{custom_sec.title}}</span></b></h4> </div> <template m-if="{{custom_sec.type}}=='sec'" m-for-array="{{custom_sec.secL}}" m-for-val="custom_sec" m-for-template-ref="template_secL"> </template> {{custom_sec.content}} </template> </div> <div id="no-access-div" style="display:none;padding-top:10px;padding-bottom:10px;border-top:1px solid #ccc;border-bottom:1px solid #ccc;text-align:center;"> This is a preview of subscription content, contact <a href="mailto:subscribe@hep.com.cn"><u>us</u></a> for subscripton. </div>    <div class="main_content_center_left_one_title zhengwem_title" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #ccc;"> <h3 class="cas_nav_daohang"><b>References</b></h3> <div class="References_div"> <a href="javascript:;" class="References_div_a" onclick="referenceOrderByType(1)">Publishing order</a> <span class="References_div_span">|</span> <a href="javascript:;" class="References_div_a" onclick="referenceOrderByType(2)">Descend order by publishing year</a> <span class="References_div_span">|</span> <a href="javascript:;" class="References_div_a" onclick="referenceOrderByType(3)">Descend order by cited within</a> </div> </div> <div class="main_content_center_left_one_cankaowenxian"> <div id="mag_rich_ref_tab" class="main_content_center_left_one_cankaowenxian_tab"> <table class="mag_rich_ref_table main_content_center_left_one_cankaowenxian_tab" id="mag_rich_ref_R1" order-1-num="0" order-2-num="2018" order-3-num="1"> <tr style="border-bottom:1px dashed #d9d9d9;" class="mag_rich_ref_tr" > <td class="main_content_center_left_one_cankaowenxian_tab_td" valign="top">[1]</td> <td class="main_content_center_left_one_cankaowenxian_tab_td2"> <div class="new_full_rich_cankaowenxian_zuozhe">Purdy, J. 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